Above : Jane Standing Still (from the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation) protects an elm tree from a PASNY chain saw (See page 28S) . Right: A few of the almost 1000 power line pro - testers in Edwards, NY, Mar . 12 (Seepage 5) .

2 PNL 4/77 Commits, Credits & SPC Info PEACE NEWSLETTER Contents Credits The PEACE NEWSLETTER (PNL) is publish- Articles Coming Events March Mailing Party: William Sun- ed monthly through the collective efforts County's Trash Plant 9 Ireland Speaker 3 derlin, Sally Brule', Glenda Neff, of SPC workers & staff. The PNL uniquely Carey's Budget Ax 10 NVS Films . 3 Barb Mecker, Sharon Wegener,,Lisa serves 2 functions: that of a paper offering War Tax Resistance 11 Alternative Practices Johns, Linda Faller, John Maddens . news, analysis & services ; and that of th e Zaire 12 Conference 3 internal organ of SPC, the traditional Elmcrest 13 765 kV Forum 5 April PNL Production: Seth Moranz , newsletter role. The page top descriptions 8-1/Tax Day 8 Marilyn Austin, Chris Murray,Doug are intended to help readers distinguish Reports Food Day 8 Wright, Nancy Travers, Lisa Johns , these 2 separate but complementary func- N . Country March 5 Monday Potlucks 8 Dik Cool, John Maddaus, Barb tions . We welcome suggestions ; articles, Marina Support Demo .5 Latin America Wknd . 14 Kobritz, Linda Maddens, Glenn cultural work & production assistance . "Memory of Justice" 14 Within, Sally Brule', Glenda Neff , Movement groups are encouraged to re - Regular Features Anti-765kV Benefit 16 William Sunderlin, Bill Cangemi , print; please give credit . The PNL is a Letters 4 Barb Mecker, Martha Drake, Lois member of the Alternative Press Syndicat e Peaces , 7 Levitan, Marilyn Miller . (APS), and subscribes to Liberation New s Free Classifieds 15 Service (LNS) . The PNL is available on 16 Nett Month microfilm from APS . Subscriptions : $5 or Calendar Editor: Chris Murray . Editorial more/year; free or donation to prisoners bout This Issue Meeting: 4/19, 10am. Copy Dead- and low income people ; institutions, $10/ Due to the tremendous amount of work in the sup- line: 4/22. Final layout & paste year. PNL circulation is 5,000 . 2,500 by plement and a decision to have 8 extra pages of up: M&Tu 4/25&26,all day . direct mail & 2,500-through 95 outlets in important news in the regular PNL, we had to push Mailing Party: Th 4/28,10am unti l CNY. We have very reasonable ad rates . publication date-back a .week. 7pm. Free lunch! ! SYRACUSE PEACE'COUNCIL We feel that education,agitation & organization lead to socia l The Syracuse Peace Council (SPC) is a non profit, community change . based, autonomous' antiwar/social justice organization . We have SPC membership involves being on the mailing list and feelinq an affiliation with Clergy & Laity Concerned (CALL) . We have a that you're a member . Simple as that .' SPC is supported primarily - vision of a world. where war, violence & exploitation of all kinds through members contributions & monthly pledges and fund raisin g (economic ,racial, sexual ,age, etc .) do not exist . Primary function s events . It's an unending struggle to raise our $25,000 annual bud- of SPC (which has a basic commitment to nonviolence) are to help get . ,SPC's major work is done through committees (listed below) & people work for social change in whatever way they feel comfortabl e the 3 collectives that work out of the SPC office : the program staff ; and to overcome our sense of powerlessness through mutual support . the SPC Press; The Front Room bookstore. John Maddaus 472-5478 WAR TAX RESISTANCE FUND THE FRONT ROOM BOOKSTORE Projects & Committees US Domestic Programi Margaret Rusk 476-7635 Barb Kobritz, Lisa Johns (*) Denotes a committee associ- 472-5478 ated with but not a part of SPC . AMNESTY Dik Cool 472-547 8 Ongoing Events Lois Levitan 478-2998 B-1 BOMBER SPC MONDAY POTLUCKS "PEACE NEWSLETTER " e John Maddaus 472-5478 Barb Meeker 472-0354 Editorship: Rotates among Steam CoamaNte ECONOMIC ISSUES Lisa Johns - 472-5478 staf Carolyn Graydon 475-7888 Lisa johns 472-5478 NVS FILMS 478-6107 f Production: Many people (April facilitator) MILITARY SPENDING/HUNGER Glenn Within 472-5478 staff Staff C011tft y 472-5478 Gordon Webster 487-192 8 478-6107 Advertising : Dik Cool, Lisa Johns , John Maddaus 472-547 8 In-Noose Tasks Chris Murray 472-5478 John Maddaus, Chris Murray NUCLEAR POWER BOOKKEEPING Rae Kramer 475-692 1 Third World Programs Shelly Conture 472-5478 John Maddaus 472-5478 Distribution: INDOCHINA Margaret Rusk 476-7635 Deposits: Ed Berrigan Bob Russell 476-0145 Linda Maddaus 476-284 1 William Sunderlin 479-641C Pledges :Sally Brule'445-0115 Dik Cool 472-547 8 Chris Murray 472-5478 PEOPLE'S FUND MLG LIST Nan Ditch 445-163 7 Promotion: Dik Cool472-547 8 Teaching the War: Chris Murray 472-5478 REMODELING Nuke supplement (4/77) : Dik Cool 472-5478 POLITICAL STUDY GROUP David Coons 472-9386 John Maddaus 472-547 8 Bill Griffen 696-8184 Dick Weiskopf 478-122 7 Dik Cool 472-5478 PHILIPPINES REPRESSIVE LEGISLATION Publications & Resources "PEOPLE'S HISTORY" `SPC's calendar John Maddaus 472-5478 Chris Murray 472-5478 COMMUNITY '7 7 Sally Brule' 445-0115 SCIENCE FOR PEOPLE Advertising: John Maddaus Sally Brule' 445-0115 .* SOUTHERN AFRICA LIBERATIO N Don Salisbury 476-296C Distribution & Promotion : Dik Cool 472-5478 Diana Ellis 479-7783 *UNITED FARM WORKERS Lisa Johns 472-5478 Adrienne Gerson 479-6553 Ben Bortin 423-4251 SPC PRESS 472-5478 Seth Moranz . 476-8048 FILMS, TAPES & SLIDESHOWS Marilyn Austin, Nancy'Fravers WORLD HUNGER David Wendt 476-2891 Chris Murray 472-5478

[-.) g g Enclosed is $ . Name. . S PC In this case "do it" means subscribe to the 1 PNL . Its an old movement slogan that mean s I 924 BURNET AVE.. Ithe way things get done is to "do it" rather Address i than ruminate about it . We rely on people w SYRACUSE, NY. 1 support the PNL--who believe in what we're all trying to do--to do so with their wallets City State also, if they're able to . So please send a 13203 1 check for $5 or more today . Thanks ! Zi .Phone(s) L p . . : . . . '-- -- - (315) 472' 5478

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SPC News 4177 PNl.3 Ireland Speaker Due in May We Need Your Money! SPC Potluck entitled : "The Complex Conflict in Northern Ireland : Will they ever have peace and Yes, Folks, SPC is in urgent need of your money. justice? " We don't need too much of it, but we do need some . As much as you can spare . We are carrying (it' s The Speaker will be Rev. Dave Bowman, Director real heavy) a back debt of about $1500 which is of the Ireland Program of the National Council of mostly unpaid staff salaries . And when the salarie s Churches . Dave will have just returned from a average $55/week to begin with, it reali''hurts . six week stay in Northern Ireland. We recently sent out a fund appeal mailing tha t contained our 1976 Annual Report, a catalog supple- Check next month's. PNL for more details, or ment for The Front Room bookstore anda,naw promo - contact Nancy Travers, at 472-5478 . tional flyer on the PNL featuring a Maid X quote. If you received this mailing please respond to it ; if you aren't on our mailing list and would"like to be , send in the coupon on the opposite page along with ATTENTIONI a check; if you just want to continue to be able to pick up the PNL each month why not consider send- ing a few bucks of support our way? a ANTFR ENTERS¶ To ease our money crisis we had beiigping to have a benefit May Day Eve concert with 2 local AWAKE ! AROUSE ! bands (lo Sense of Humor and Phoenix) ;t{but it' s been necessary to postpone it until Julia : This post- ponement combined with an additional 'pages (mak- ing possible the stories on Elfcrest, ZOre,s the steam plant and state aid) in this PNL make our nee d for your support even more desperate . Please , please, send in a check today .

Strike ' till the !not named tour .' pir. . Strike for your altars n"d your hr . . — "' Strike for the green graven of your 'ires. NM Film God and your happy houses ! If The Meeting will be addressed by PETER FINELE and ether Speakers. Friday GIANT AUD. '-$1.50 Above is a detail from the-"Anti-Renters " page (June) of "People's History", SPC's 1977 calendar. The Anti-Renters were some 300,000 farmers & familie s who fought (and won!) for the right to own their ow n Lenny Bruce .poiq land . From 1839-80 this incredible and virtually un- known struggle took place in Ulster, Greene, Dela- in Performance film = ware, Albany and several other eastern NYS count- Fri. Apr.l 7, 9 :30 ies . "People's History" has been reduced from The only film of Lenny Bruce actually 1111 $3 .25 to $2 on mail orders; $1.50 at The Front Room perforyning . w/ cartoon of a Bruce bit , r bookstore . SPC 924 Burnet Ave . Syracuse,NY 13203. 110. .a Alternative Practices Conf . a An all day program of speakers, workshops and a informal discussion groups concerning the law,bot h W.C. Fields -r as an obstacle and as a means to social change . a .Tillie and Gus a SATURDAY APRIL 9,197 7 Both films shown twice! It is a Gift S .U . LAW SCHOOL, SYRACUSE, NY Fri. Apr. 8 7, 9:30 Sponsored by National Lawyers Guild Keynote speaker is Leonard Boudin (10am), . WORKSHOPS ON: Group rights/individual liberties; law as a means of political repression ; law for the ,people; gay rights ; women; farmworkers; and more. Sponsored by the Syracuse For more information call Sue at 475-5942 . Peace Council with NVS. a

4 PNL4/71 Letters-to-the-Edito r sorry state of affairs concerning th e profit ("Natural Gas: Is There Real- phoney way the Buffalo VA Regional ly a Shortage?", March PNL), I Er- 7;R Office has been handling my claim for think it is also important to realiz e WALSH RESP41)MDS TO Dependent Indemnity Compensation . that in an absolute sense, a fossil "WWII WIDC DUMPED " In fact' until you responded to the fuel shortage does exist, and that Mr. Dik Cool '' article in the Peace Newsletter which the prices we now pay for it do not . Syracuse Peace Council my daughter delivered to your door 2 reflect its true cost . weeks ago, I hadn't heard from your To understand the full cost of Dear Mr . Cool: office in many months . a In reading tlie:'March issue of the commodity, we should translate all If you really had been following the the. energy inputs (known as cultur- Syracuse Peace Council's Peace matter, you would have instigated an Newsletter , I was especially inter- investigation of the Buffalo office . al energy and including human lab- ested to see the article by Mrs . Hil- or, machinery ,costs, transporta- da Cullen on p ;. S. It indicates that If you recall, I called you, person- tion, cost of packing and selling) o to-person at your Washington, DC into comparable units such as cal- I have not been of any assistance t . 10, 1975 -in a response Mrs . Cullen, rioi was I interested in office, Dec ories and then compare this input her situation . Nothing could be fur- to a letter you sent me containing with the output in calories . For ther from the truth . false information you received from example, in home heating output is the VA . You disregarded my protests Enclosed is a Copy of a letter I have the change in temperature for a giv- Just forwarded .totMrs Cullen, which and said you didn't believe the VA en volume of air; in agriculture is another in e continuing series of would lie to a Congressman., You output is the calories 'in the food contacts betweei'her and this offic e said it was up to me to prove my case. product. At that time the issue was that the VA dating back to November, 1975 . Not Ratios of input to output show n claimed falsely that my husband' s only have we'redeived and acted upo disability was not service connected . our society to be very energy inef- seven letters from Mrs . Cullen, but I tried to tell you otherwise and you ficient; for more is used .to pro- there have been a number of communi- duce commodities than the commod - cations from Others on her behalf, as only agreed to check further after I demanded that you do so . You dis- ities are worth in energy terms . ' well as a number of telephone calls . This situation exists because peo- y covered that I was right . Also many We have been-in touch continuall people have written to you asking - ple-labor in America costs more i n with the Veterans Administration on dollars than does fossil fuel labor , this matter, both by mail and by tele- you to help me, including Joe Barone' s " DAV Chapter 30 . even though people use many fewer phone . calories of energy to do the work . Although the material in her file is , From your attitude toward me per- By using fossil fuels rather tha n by law, privileged and confidential , sonally and your obvious lack of in- people, commodity prices have been I would be pleased to make it avail - terest in my plight other than passin g kept abnormally low in the U .S . able for your inspection for purpose s messages back and forth between m e of confirmation of what I am explain- and the VA, I have naturally lost any ing to you.. - faith in you as my Representative . There is no question that the results That is why I have felt the need to Mrs . Cullen seeks have not yet bee n seek help in all directions . obtained . Aq'I{h&ve explained to her, In my opinion you don't realize we have done and are continuing to do the responsibility of the important all that is within` our power to mak e Job you hold . certain that her case is handled thor- I once admired you in your stand oughly. We have never done any - during the Nixon Administration and thing less for any constituent, Mrs . told you so . Now I see that you Cullen included . were a one act play. My case is not Now we could say that this is ,dan- For you to infer, without taking the a complicated one and it should be dy and why complain . The proble m time to check on the accuracy of your of interest to veterans and their is that we in the US are living inference, that we have been negli- families everywhere . the world's capital and treating as gent or disinterested in Mrs . Culien's My husband's service-connected renewable, ever present and free but . case is both unfair and irresponsible . disabilities destroyed his health and for the costs of gathering and trans - Sincerely, his social life and ultimately greatly porting. We have, in other words , William F . Walsh contributed to his death . I intend to been treating our energy supply as In - Member of Congress prove this if honest men still exist in come rather than as "seed money" to our government who aren't too big to be used sparingly . The US comprises Walsh wrote to Mrs . Cullen one whole listen . about 6% of the world population but . day before he sent the above to Dik ! Sincerely, uses something more than 1/3 of the -- PNL staff Mrs . George E . Cullen available energy and more than 1/2 of DUMPED WWII WIDOW NATURAL GAS SHORTAGE: - the atmospheric oxygen (most of this RESPONDS TO WALSH ANOTHER DIMENSIO N .goes to keep machines, ,not people , Dear Congresstman Walsh , going) . There is no possible way Your letter of March 8, received , While I.applaud the message in . that the rest of the world could util- and although you claim to have been Lisa John's article that the short - ize fossil fuel energy to the same assisting me for fourteen months I age of natural as during this win- extent that is done in the US . fail to see any improvement in the ter's cold spell was contrived, for Lois Levitan

Dearoastratioa Reports 4/77 PNL S the proposed right of way as it would stretch across the road, woods an d On the' Move Against pastures . Besides protecting the land and the 165 kV by Glenda Neff people from the unforeseeable safety and health effects of the lines, the On Friday, March 11th, fiftee n marchers also addressed the issue of North Country people received jail proposed nuclear power plants for the sentences ranging from 10-30 days St. Lawrence area, and the people's in the Franklin County jail, Malone , role(or lack of one) in deciding their New York, because of their resis- own energy future. Photo: St . Lawrence Plain Dealer, tance to the construction of 765kV A rally was held in the Edwards Canton. power lines in upstate New York . Central School at, the end of the march . final arguments in the health and The next day, March 12th, an esti- Messages of support were read from w safety hearings on the 765kV.line ._ mated 800 people from all over Ne the Clamshell Alliance, ' Sam Lovejoy, - York State responded to the organi- Andrew Marino, a research biophysi and former Assemblyman Dan Haley, cist at the VA Hospital, ,:was the main zing efforts of the Edwards Farmers . who had sponsored the Nuclear Respon- They gathered together on Cliff Bul - witness . He has teg'.tifi'ed at length sibility Act. The moderator, Mr . jack as to the potential biological hazards lock's farm where the 765kV line is Ward of Edwards, spoke also to th e of the powerline . proposed to cut through the Edward s absence of citizen participation in area (east of Gouverneur . ) the decision to construct the line : Local opponents of;.the.'power line, as well as members of tPSET in Can- The spirit of the march was an in- "Yesterday Judge Dier(in sentencin g g spiring affirmation of the inherent the 15 resisters) told us 'Disobedienc e ton, picketed the State Office Buildin value of the lands the need to pro- of the law leads to tyranny .' Well, on the morning of March 22, to call tect it and the future of unborn I believe you have it hind end forward . attention to Marino' `s testimony an d generations . Alongside the road to Tyranny leads to disobedience of the request. the PSC to hilt construction the Bullock farm, a large sign mark s law! " of the 765kV . Three;)oca1 .TV stations provided coverage acid briefly inter - Picket PSC in Syracuse Glenda Neff is a member of the Syracus e viewed Dr : Marino, - helping to bring Peace Council active on nuclear power and ' The NYS Public Service Commissio n the debate out of the hpa,ring chambers related issues . met in Syracuse March 22-24to hear and before the public”

FORUM ON NUCLEAR ,POWER • Tentative schedule includes speeches and discussionon the AND 765 kV POWER LINES following topics : Nuclear Power in N .Y. - The Dangers of Nuclear Power - The Economics and Politics of Nuclear, Power - 0 Saturday March 16 1:30-5 :3 The kV Line Issue Energy and Jobs - Alternative Energy Source Plymouth Congregational Church s and Conservation No charge - Bring your friendsi; 232 East Onondaga St ., Syracuse ,wAlli

ct @ $50/la . Oh @ 15 Vlb. i 50* `~ctl J `9-0f,' 60lbst off „, joss 478 •Z 48 11.50 deposit 36 . You„

ft. 6 PNL 4/77 Please. Support Our -Advertisers

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PEACES 4/77 PHI 7

The Business of Defense Consorting With Comnnists . According to a report in Peacework (3/77), the Department of Defens e In what is surely part of an effort to r 1 ~ / 4 1 ~.A ~! has been promoting weapons produc - ► discredit Orlando Letelier and there - tion to domestic contractors through by defuse pressure to prosecute his a program called "Profit '76," and murderers, syndicated columnists DoD briefing teams have been out Evans and Novak published article s visiting over 3,000 potential contrac- in March insinuating that he had tors to' sell them onthe idea . The Update been consorting with communist s fundamental concept behind "Profi t In our December-January,. newsletter , prior to his death, under the guise '76" is that weapons producers can we reported that the Syracuse Are a of working for human rights . "The make higher profits, if they work hard Inter-Religious Council (SAIC) had posthumous debate concerns whether to sell their products to foreign gov- refused to admit Gay Community this cause [opposition to the junta] ernments, as well as to the Pentagon . Ministries to its membership, des- was truly in behalf of 'human rights' "Whenever weapons and equipment pite a public commitment to "honest , or can be traced to Soviet grand strategy can be produced for the US and, fore- open dialogue and the direct facing ." The debate--concocted ign governments on the same pro- of issues ." We're pleased to report by Evans & Novak themselves- - duction line, the unit price is driven that in January 'SAIC changed their arises from papers found in Letelier' s down and the production line itsel f minds, and''GCM has been offered briefcase on the day he died, which can be kept active fbr a longer time, " and has accepted membership in the were taken by police investigators according to one favorable report on Council . and subsequently leaked to the two "Profit '76 ." One. wonders how much columnists . The most ominous con- arm-twisting will be needed:, how- More on Letelier nection they are able to draw-was ever. Business Week (8/2/76) note d hit ties to the World Peace Council that "Foreign arms sales are fast be- The Nation (3/26/76) reports with ("an obvious front for Soviet foreign coming the lifeblood of leading de- certainty that both DINA, the Chil- policy") because they supported ' ean intelligence agency, and' Miami- investigations into the repression in fense contractors ." Exports of mili- Chile . tary hardware now amount to between based Cuban exiles were responsible $7-11 billion annually . for the murder of Orlando Letelier last September in Washington . An article written by Saul Landau and FBI Investigates It Ralph Stavins, both of the Institute Spare the Heroics, Le e for Policy Studies, reports on their The Women's Liberation Movement , own independents inquiry, and say s that is . Under the,directorship of One day last February, Syracusans their conclusions coincide with FBI J . Edgar Hoover, the FBI kept track were gripped by the drama of an un- and Justice Department findings . of active feminist orgal islsticns employed South Side man who shot DINA agents planned the assassin- from 1969 through 1973 . 134 fact and killed a friend over some cigar- ation, and contracted with four young was established in documents rel- ettes, and then kept police at bay Cubans in the Miami exile commun- eased under the Freedolsri'bf Informa- for some 14 hours while holding a ity to carry it out . The authors note tion Act,• and some of them make pregnant neighbor and her 18-month- that the Chile-Cuban connection i s hilarious reading. One FBI agent, fo old baby hostage . He was finally not surprising: the junta and the r persuaded to surrender, and the next example, reported bn a 1970 Women' s exiles share the same enemies and Rights Day rally in Boston . He noted day 's newspaper headlined the story ideology, after all . with a photo of Mayor Lee Alexander The four were briefed in Washing- that speakers (one of whom was sure- --no less! -- carrying the child to ly "subversive") spoke about day ton by other DINA agents stationed care,. equal employment opportunity , safety .. in the Chilean Embassy as to Lete- and welfare reform . After that, de - But that isn't all . After the res- lier's habits, route to work, and cue, the county Department of Soc- probable schedule . It was they who • tails are scanty, apparently becaus e ial Services took custody of the planted the bomb under his car . his attention was diverted by wome n child, claiming that his mother . had The article speculates that Gener- bathing. in a nearby fbuntain . failed to exercise due regard for hi s Another agent reporting on a Pacific al Pinochtt himself ordered the "hit, " Northwest Women's conference was safety, and they had him placed in to expresl displeasure over Letelier' s a foster home . The mother had to evidently put off by the women's ap- famous "I' am a Chilean" speech pearance, particularly their hair have a court order to get her child Sept . 10 in Madison Square Garden , stifles . "One of the interesting as- returned, and even then the Depart- as well as reductions in US aid to ment reserved the "right" to make pects of the delegates' dress was the Santiago because of widespread hu- extreme fuzzy appearance of the hai r periodic inspections of her home . man rights violations in Chile . matter-of-factly of the majority of them ." In all of The Herald-Journal The authors fear, however, the cas e the reports, however, no single in- reported the court case on its back may never be prosecuted because of pages, but explained nothing further stance of criminal activity was report- its unusual potential for political . ed. Your tax dollars at work, folks ! about why Social Services had taken embarrassnient, given the US role in the child . Sounds suspiciously. like supporting the Pincohet junta and another case of blaming' the victim. training both DINA and Cuban exiles ..

8 PNL4/77 Upcomlig hosts Tax Day ''NEY HERE'S SOME Tllk ARE ACTUALLY Food Day NE M S April 15, 1977 April 21,1977 The deadline for filing Federa l Food is a basic human need . income taxes is fast approaching . It is also 'a commodity the pro- This raises the question: What duction and sale of which is ru n am I paying my taxes for? And the by large agribusiness firms . answer, despite nCarter's 2% cut Take the example of sugar As in Ford's military budget proposal, the price of sugar rose in 1974, is still -- over S0% goes for war. large-scale refiners made hug e The B-1 bcsntbr is the most ex- profits. When the bubble burst, pensive weapons system ever. they were able to cushion the And its fate now hangs iii the bal- impact. Although U& sugar growers ance, with a. decision due in May. also benefited by the price in- Letters to Carter are still need- crease, the return of prices to ed. Letters to newly-elected U.S. lower levels has been harder for Sen. Moynihan (Senate Office them financially. Bldg., Washington, DC 20510) Meanwhile, US agribusines s are also important. Where does firms in countries such as the he stand on tit".&-1? If Carte r Philippines and the Dominica n decides to cancel the B-1, will Republic receive substantia l Moynihan vctittao uphold that profits while many workers are decision in ttkilt-ftnate? not paid enough to buy thei r food. This is one conclusion of. Although at' ral', Moyniha n "Guess Who's Coming to Break- voted against PIi l Warnke as arm s fast?", a slideshow which SPC control negotiator because he con- will be showing at the Oswego s4dered him 'soft' on the Soviets . Food Coop, at `Food Fair (spon- SPC will be out leafleting on Tax sored by the City Consumer Day - come and Join us! - call Affairs Unit) and at an SPC John Maddaus at 472-5478 . Monday potluck (See below) . :APRIL 1977 Program at 8:00 p.m. spc . Tea and coffee provided . Bring goodies to share -- cookies, pastry , fruit, whatever . MONDAY Everyone welcome ! ! (Euclid Community dH Open House) POTLUCKS • (corner Westcott St . & Euclid Ave . )

11 Masculinity.. Fact or Act? "A slideshow on men and sexism" --illustrating how friendships. These drawbacks, however, are often traditional male roles hurt men and the women and accompanied by privileges which come at the expens e children to whom they relate . The slides demonstrate of women. The slideshow ends with sections showin g how boys from early childhood are conditioned to hold men clitnging their traditional patterns, and feeling in their feelings, be tough and competitive, leaving freer, more confident and satisfied with their lives . men feeling isolated, lonely, without close warm Both women and men welcome. 25 "Guess Who's Coming to Breakfast?" Gulf and Western Corporation is one of many multi- grow sugar cane . As G &W expands the sugar fields , national guests you have for breakfast . In 1966, the food production for Dominicans declines . These year after the US invasion of the Dominican Republic, slides raise the question: Are the multinationals pro - G & W acquired vast land holdings in that country to ducing food, • or hunger? ,

and its ALTERNATIVES

Issues and Actions for Residents of New York State

Nuclear Power Plants s Waste Disposal • 765 kV Power Line s

Dangers • Economics • Government • Global Sprea d

Solar • Wind • Wood • Conservation • Alternative Technology • Job s

Action Strategies • Organizations .• Resources

a Peace Newsletter Supplemen t

Published by the Syracuse Peace Council April 1977 0. 1001

St PNL 4/77 Contents / Iatrodactioa Contents Syracuse Peace Counci l 924 Burnet Avenue NUCLEAR POWER & Its Alternatives Syracuse,. N.Y..' 13203 13151'412-5418 April 9 971 About the ' Supplement: page Editorial COmmit'ae Shelley Conture, Carolyn Graydon, Introduction: What does Nuclear Power have to do Lisa Johns, -John Maddaus, Chris Murray, Joanne Pella with Peace? by John Maddau s Production WorberS Sally Brule', Larry Buhrow, Linda ' Nuclear Power in New York State by Dick Oot Davern, Martha Drake, Barb Dunn, Jim Dougherty, Stephe n and Shirley Brand Fleury, Carolyn Graydon, Betty Kenny, Bob Klips, Davi d Health Hazards from Low Level Radiation Knap, Barb Kobritz, Angus MacDonald, Linda Maddaus , by Sr. Rosalie Bertell Barb Meeker, Ann Miller, Glenda Neff, Dick North, Pete r Shipman, Joan Storey, Sue Strunk, William Sunderlin, Na Environmental Impact by Marge Rusk n Uber, Sandra Ward, Dik Cool, Lisa johns, John Maddau s Nuclear waste Reprocessing -- Is it really Safe ? and Chris Murray . by Carol Mongerson 8 by Mike Storey The 'Peaceful Atom' & Nuclear Proliferatio n Cover by Jim 'Renfrew 1 0 Distribution Editorial Committee, with help from the People s US helps South Africa 'Gb Nuclear' Power Coalition and Environmental Action Reprint Servic e by David Easterbroo k 1 1 Ad tional Copies Available from SPC (address above) ; Nuclear Power't)ictator of Our Political Future single copies free (donation to cover postage appreciated) ; by Lorna 'Salzman 1 3 bulk quantities - $3 .00 per hundred, plus postage ; except first hundred copies plus postage free to NYState groups . What Price for the Poor & Elderly by Fred'Dgsenbury 1 4 Extra copies? - Sorry, we're using several mailing lists; Nuclear We ft!`re by Pete Caplan 1 5 please pass any extra copies on to interested friends . Who Wants ' *uclear Power Anyway ? Iatrodettion by Chris Murray 1 6 Nuclear Economics & the Energy Complex by Lisa john s 1 7 What does Nuclear Powe r How Much Does Nuclear Power Really Cost ? by Jeanne Fudala 19 have to do with Peace? Who's Who in PASNY? by Robert Bockrell and by Jobn Vincent Serravallo' 19 Madde n Opposition to nuclear power plants is an issue for Alternatives to Nuclear-Generated Electricity environmentalists . The Syracuse PEACE Council is not .by Frank Dobl e 2 0 an environmental organization . Therefore'the Syracuse Is Energy Con$ervationfa Real Alternative? Peace Council is not involved in opposing nuclearpower by Ruth Caplan 2 1 plants . Right ? .Yes:,r .8ut:Whet about Jobs?- : by Jeanne Fudala 2 2 -Wrong! The Syracuse Peace Council is (very actively! ) Energy &',Appropriate Technology opposed to the construction of nuclear power plants. The by Dennis" Livingston 23 apparent illogic of this fact comes from a tendency to perceive the nuclear power issue as a narrowly environ- Nuclear Power & Utilities Organizing mental one To be sure, there are serious environmenta l R A _ by Bob Knickmeyer 2 r 5 issues involved, and groups coming et the nuclear power State Legislators Face Nuclear Power Issue s issue from this perspective have made important contri - by Paul Hudso n 26 butions to this struggle . Regulatory Hearings & the Citizen Intervenor But the implications of heavy reliance on nuclear by Sue Reinert 27 power for our energy supplies far transcend any one -- People Power Against PASNY Power narrowly-defined area, whether It be labeled "environ- by Arian Gardam 2 8 ment" or "peace" or "economic justice" or "health" or "civil liberties" or "science" or anything else . One of Reseurce Materials 29 the purposes of this special supplement to the Peace Organizations 30 Newsletter is to attempt to bring together these variou s Book Review: Unacceptable Risk: The Nuclear Power perspectives into a single, coniprehensive analysis o f ' ° Controversy by McKinley Olson, reviewed by the case against nuclear power . Frank.,L1bla 31 John Maddeus, a member of the" Syracuse Peace Council staf f We cwA;$OP tita5eabrook (NE) nuclear power collective, lives through an energy crisis every month at -executer* .' . bythe' rGiamsheil Alliance 32 newsletter time .

INtroductiou/peace N. v'sletter But still, one might ask, what does nuclear power have to do with peace ? One answer to this question may be found in the way SPC first became involved in the nuclear power issue . On Aug. 6, 1975, SPC held its annual Hiroshima Day -rally at Columbus Circle in downtown Syracuse . This is a "traditional" SPC event originating over 20 year s ago - a witness against the destructive power of nuclear weapons, a call for disarmament . But on this day two years ago, there was a new theme . The quest- ion was raised "Is there a 'peaceful' atom? ", and the answer was "No! " . For some of the connections be- tween nuclear weePons and nuclear power, see "The 'Peaceful' Atom and Nuclear Proliferation" , (pp . 10-11) . IT'S about how and why to take power These connections are important for us to bal l from the government, the corpora- attention to, and fo{ some they may be a sufficient tions, and the pentagon . reason for our opposition to nuclear power . But in fact our reasons do not stop there. Should we not also be con- IT'S about good power-- compassion - cerned when a group of government and corporate mana - ate, decentralized, democratic po- gers attempts to tie our futures to 'a reliance on nuclear wer that is\supported by and Con- power? Are not the patterns of government propaganda an d trolled by the mass of people : deception, of corporate profiteering and bailouts, all to o familiar? Who benefits fom nuclear power? - is it the IT'S about bad power: nuclear, CIA; ordinary citizen?'or the 'special interests'? (See pp . 12-19) state legislature; G.E.. ; I .T.I♦ . Who benefits? An' important question! So often our society talks in terms of aggragates (Gross National IT'S about people putting their lives and Product) and averages (per,,capita income) which hide their bodies on the line to change real differences of benefit and loss . How does one our society. measure loss of a life due to radiation-induced cance r against the gain of " x" amount of electricity or ' y' amount IT'S about. building new forme of paver: of corporate profit? If we value the lives of the victim s solar reflectors; a,people's ..bank; of war, should we not also value the lives of the victim s cooperatives; windmills; people' s of run-away technology? (see pp . 6-9) . history . But peace is more than the absence of evil (war, in- justice, disease etc); it is the realization of something IT'S about building communicatiolri `afnd good. Moving toward a just and peaceful society is a pro- support - the nurturing fluids' o f cess whose ultimate shape we can only dimly foresee . But struggling' peoples . we have tried°to ;po).nt in that directidn in our discussio n of non-nuclear alternatives (See pp. 20-23) . IT'S about questioning capitalism $a-the best economic system. to meet. peo- How do we stop nuclear power? How ,do we gain con - ple's needs . trol over the energy decisions that effect our lives ? There are many ways, no one of which will be complete- IT'S the ly satisfactory to all . Some involve working within the N w.~j t system (legislatures, regulatory agencies, courts , Peach Antiwae'Social usetke err elections), others outside that system (non-violen t nnnnnnnnnnnnaanmamas Emma . oasaaaansasaaaa a direct action) . , We believe that a variety of actions ma y PNL subscriptions are $5 or more, per year. Free be appropriate depending on specific circumstance s ▪n or donation to low-income people . (:tTpstateNY (see pp 25-28) . ▪ bookstores we can send you a bundle each month . For purposes of this special supplement, we hav e Contact us .) n decided to focus on New York State as our area of n▪ n action, recognizing both our own potential for outreac h Here 's $ . Start sending us (me) the PNL M <:: :' • as an organization and the reality of state government each month . , involvement in nuclear energy decisions . Thus, we have presented Information (see pp 4-5), and resources n▪ Name a (see pp 29-30),specifically relevant to this state . The n articles in this supplement are written by anti-nuclear Address . . . power activists from all parts of the state however, . ▪ r . :. we are fully aware that the struggle against nuclear a n City State power does not stop at state lines --that we are part ▪ of a struggle that is nationwide and even global in scope . To our brothers and sisters in New Englan d MP . ,Phone(s) : i (see back coved, throughout this country (see p 31) 1 and 'around the world, we extend a hand of friendship , n . • Peace Newsletter (315) 472-5478 of solidarity and of peace . n 924 IIBurniet 'Avi:' Syracuse, N.Y. 13203 a nnnnaanannnnnnasnnasass.saaaaaasannssaainaana

S4 PNL 4/77 ' 'NiclebrPowor i s N Y •Stato Nuclear P Ower:in New York State by Dick Oot pleted a .study shbwing that several industry and government inability t o areas in St. Lawrence County would handle nuclear power is clearly evi- "Nuclear power has become a tech- be an excellent location for "Nucle- denced.py the West Valley, N .Y. re- nological monster and it is not clear . ar Energy Parks ." The nuclear en processing plant. The West Valley who, if anyone ., is in control ." That ergy park concept would include plant operated ;inthe late 1960s and statement was made in February 1976 anywhere from 10 to 40 nuclear pow- early 1970s . a! 'the only nuclear fuel by a nuclear engineer who had bee n er plants on one site and could als o reprocessing facility in the nation to employed by the General . Electric include nuclear fuel fabrication and handle spent fuel from nuclear power Corporation for 22 Years . Dale Bri- reprocessing, and possible wast e plants . The plant.,is now shut down denbaugh was one of three top-level storage . due to .a, number of serious problems . managing engineer's who resigned Presently, at the West Valley plant . his position with GE's nuclear divi- Nuclear York there sits over 600,000 gallons of. sion in-California. high-level radioactive wastes . ' The r At this point it is not clear Just how At present the utilities and the ,Powe many nuclear power plants would be wastes, some of which will remain Authority of the State of New Yor k 'radioactive for 250,000 years, are in operation in N .Y.S . in the 1980s . (PASNY) are seeking to make New Yor k and 1990s . But from the plans al- being stored in tanks 'that are guaran- one of the major nuclear generatin g ready made public, it appears that teed to last only 40 .years . sites for the Northeast United State s the utilities and PASNY intend to sat- Recently, Nuclear Fuel Services (di- in the 1980s and 1990s . urate the Hudson River, Long Island , vision of Getty Oil), Operators of the , The utilities are currently involved Lake Ontario, and the St . Lawrence 'facility, decided' that the West Valley in the legal process to form the Em - River with an insane number of nuc- / situation was so unmanageable that • pire State Power Resources Inc . lear reactors . -they gave the, entire problem to the . ESPRI would be a giant (ESPRI) These plans by the utilities `and 8tatre of New York . It is. estimated corporate structure with the sole PASNY strongly indicate a lack o f that West Valley will cost the taxpay- purpose of building power plant s common sense . Many informed ers of New York approximately $600 anti sharing the generation from those zens continued to he dismayed by million . On; March -8, 1977 a U .S . plants with the state' s seven inves- these' plans, especially in light of . The ESPRI plans House of Representatives sub-commit- tor owned utilities the critical problems that the industry ' tee looking into the West Valley crisi s indicate an additional seven nuclear is facing nationwide. d power plants for the latet1980's and stated that "radioactive waste store early 1990's that are not shown below . There have been numerous near-acci- in upstate New York poses a morta l In 1975, the Federal government com - dents at plants, problems in trans- danger to people in the area . " portation and storage ,of waste, con- At this time there are no fuel repro - Dick Oot is e•'fprmer'small tasieessman tinual shut-downs of plants duet to ceasing plants operating in the U .S . whose opposition to the Sterling nuclea r plant in Fairhaven, N .Y. cost him his malfunctions and soon.. to handle -the spent fuel from opera- livelihood. He is now an active membe r One of the most glaring examples; of ting=.nuclear power plants . Many of Citizens Concerned About Sterling . Nuclear Power Plants in New York State In Operation Date of' Power Name Operation Location (ltl meaawatts).. Ownershioi Indian Point *l 1962 Bu?hanan 265- Cojiaolidated Edison Indian Point 4# 2 1973 Buchanan 67~ Consolidated Edison jndian Point 4k3 1976 Burh.na' 965 . Power Authority of NYS Nine Mile Point * 1 1969 Sc;iba 610 Niaaara Mohawk 1975 Scribal 821 'Power Authority of NYS Tamep A. Fitzpatrick. c. Ginna Unit *1 1970 Ontario 490 `Rochester Gas & Electri Under" Cons fruc on or"Flamed f.• -If ." .__ • 1 h N 19 .9 1982 Scriba 1080 Nih'attta - Mohawk Nine Mile Point #2 Pgwc Aythoritv. of NYS . Nuclear 1984 Cementon 1191 Greene Co 115 '. 1:60 Isjond Liahtina Tamesport $1 1984 Tameap .... , 2 i u e = ..•,i

Ndtitr %%weir 10 % h nuclear power plants around. the na- tion are reaching a serious. stage as Spent fuel rod. storage pools at the plants reach their full capacity . The Long Island Lighting Company Nine .Mile Point in Scriba has never The Atomic Energy Commission ; (LILCO) has indicated that sites had a spent .fuel shipment since the issued its first construction permit at Tamesport and Shoreham on the plant began operation in 1969 . The to Consolidated Edison Company. north shore can accommodate a Ginna plant in Ontario-is also ap p , fora 275 megawatt reactor to be ' total of 9 nuclear plants . The first peocching full capacity in its spent located at Indian Point on the Hu d Shoreham plant is nearly completed fuel pool. . soap Riyer just north .of New York and will go into operation in 1979 Iri-DecE)mber 1976 the U S . Energy City. Indian Point Unit #1 went Hearings are in progress on LtLCO' s Research and Development Admini- into operation in 1962 but was shut proposal to build 2 reactors at James - stration entered into the New York down in .1974 when the AEC ,finally port in partnership with the New York nuclearpicture . ERI?A announced determined that it could not permi t State Electric & Gas Corp . LILCO that it was looking at ,sites -in South the plant, which was not equipPed has encountered the toughest arra y Central and South Western New Yor k with an.emergency core coolin g of opponents ever faced by an as a possible location for a perms- system, to 'continue to operate . electric ultility in New York and nent radioactive waste storage area . Construction on Indian 'Point beatings pursuant to Article Vlfl have The radioactive waste would be store d Units 2 and 3 was .completed in already gone on for 3 years . in salt deposits in the Salina Salt Ba- 1973 end 1976 respectively. Indian What inmost significant, however , sin . The Salina Salt Basin includes Point *3 is owned by the Power is. the Public Service Commission' s parts of Michigan, Ohio, Pa ., and Authority of the State of New York . decision to order the -applicants to N.Y. The public 'response to this Both plants are now operating, des - submit testimony on radiological scheme was loud and clear as citi- pite'thp fact that the NRC Appeal s impacts of the plants . The Commis- zene, elected O ficials, a$.-news Board is conducting hearings on sion found that any comparison of media condemfled'the Plan . seismic issues raised by the State coal and nuclear fuels would be The final issue;tbat'ties all;this Geological Survey which found,that incomplete if there were • no evalua- madness togetnet` 765,000 the geology/,seismology analyses tion of the environmental and health volt transmission''lines . The-165kv ._. _prepared by Con Ed for all thre e impacts of the nuclear fuel cycle . lines,; the largest ever to be construc- reactors were seriously deficient This appears to be the first time ted, would be used to link together and that the capability of the Ramapo that a state powerplant siting agency the.state'.:nuclear:generating plants' in the Fault had been underestimated has determined that consideration . The 76Skv lines have In addition to the Indian Point of radiological issues is a respon- whole list of hazards all-their-'awn . - plants, Con Ed .had begun planning sibility of the State . Some of the effects 'of 765kv lines units - to be sited at V,erplanck and - include: decreases-in-the fertility: David Island, 'also in Westchester of animals pastured near the. line.; County . Strong public opposition You Could be Next lung changes similar to emphysema forced the company to abandon thos e New York State Electric & Gas • and' fibrosis, ;'accelerated aging, pro- plans . Accordingly, in 19'76, Con (NYSE&G), an investor-owned utility , duction of ozone, and shocking, to Ed- announced that it was investi has been facing stiff opposition from name a few .. ,gating,sites in, Ulster and Dutches s local citizens in its attempt to build a PASNYis presently attempting€to Counties to accomnmodate 4 - 1300 nuclear power plant in the Town of oor trust a 7fr5kv lire?from- Massena MW plants . Stuyvesant (Columbia County) on the to Marcyto supply..hydroelectric In 1975', PASNY filed application s Hudson River. ?Wei" from:Quebec/noeland to.trans- to construct 'a 1200 MW reactor in . So NYSE&G is exploring an alternate port nuclear generation 'in the futur*.t. Greene County . Hearings, to be location at New Haven, 12 miles eas t 765kv lines would also be used to: ' " conducted Jointly for the first tim e of Oswego on Lake Ontario . The utility carry. power from the proposed Ster by ,New York and : the NRC, are to. persuaded the New Haven Town Board li rig plant and the:proposed nuclear 'commence•in May . In.the meantime , to establish a "liaison committee" in plants alongtbe..Nudson River-in- .. PASNY has instituted a court chat-, hopes of warding off public opposition . -Greene, Columbia,,:. and .Dutche ss -lenge to the PCC ruling that the State But at a public meeting March 23 , Counties . pow'er end must consider radiological issues . residents of the town made it clea r The 'subject ,of..' ar k that they would not be so easily de- transmission 11 ps is :invo.king In Columbia County, New Yor State Electric &--Gas Corp . has flected from discussing the . serious strong. vocal .1.00,410' from citizens Iagitiated `site $ttrdiep : in Stuyvesent questions involved. all around the state . Active protest What's more, Citizens Concerned r}c+n7v#olentVcivi diso - to determine whether that area i s and acts o f suitable;for2 1300 MW reactors About Sterling shared their ex, periences --.bedience i ~e~a}mcsst . .ax t te';bi,oened4cdntly by . NYSEG and in opposing a nuclear power plant .in A da their near-by community ..,. Citizens are ittiti fnq up and saying ; loudly that t elhrid will not he al ,` Orange & R+ooklad,°laic. has in- And Conccaaatl Citize .s for Safe vestigated a site for 2`ntaolear power . .. Energy (a Stuyvesar►t citizens group ) lowed to be tf Q ed _artd1, that hn Plana on Clltt IAheISulltvan County) . , sent a letter indicating their opposi- . man life will to ogtiized as hats- ing a firm pricrlt?-over corporate Shirley-Brand is a-memberof lucid-Hudson tion to NYSE&G's plans, regardless of profits and greet .` .Nuoieer opponents end: co-ordinator of what community the utility might the Safe Energy Coalition pf ICY. State. choose next . No Nukes l

S6 -PNL4/77 Door of Nvdar lower Health Hazards from Low-Level; RndiatioN by Sr. Rosel'S Rsirtel t stems from this document, which is biological mechanism of overkill was 'popularly. called . the BEM . report . little understood when earlier radiation The following article is taken from a I contend that this report has bee n studies were conducted . It seems impression . speech given by Sr. Bartell at the Sea- abused, and: that the of that there are, precise radiation dose brook, New Hampshire anti-nuclear power security which it gave as a forecas t cut-offs such that exposures.• below plant rally and alternative energy fair on has never been tested against the this dose cause damage, to .th6 cell October.23, 1976 . real life situation . but still leave it intact : and able to The deliberate continuance of function in a faultyway and to repro - I would like to address the public ordinary plant releases of -radioactiv e duce itself. Above this cut-off point , health issues relevant to the nuclear materials without .cautious monitoring the cell. dies. It is the living damaged . industry, including the inevitable of the health .of the exposed individuals cell which gives us the .long term ' cumulative pollution of the environ - and their offspring ; constitutes a.delib- problems such es leukemia and ment with ionizing radiation throug h erate decision to accept without concern other cancers, heart disease, etc. the mining, transportation, refining , both'the known and unknown conseque n- On -the basis of the evidence now burning, reprocessing and disposal ces . It is against the law for a .Worker in hand, we are calling for a reduo- processes . We have learned much to receive more than, .5 reds exposure tion of the present level of permis- about the danger of radiatioh, and at per year on a lifetime average, but it sible exposure by at least a factor this point in time no one .would contest is not against the law for hini/her,.to of ten . the fact that gm. exposure to it is become chronically or acutely harmful to way life system . Offigial records of exposure are kept In 1910, the law allowed worker s but they are not matched'with'health exposed to ionizing radiation to records., Most:raeiation related dis- iecieve 100 reds per year. In 1934, eases are not covered under workman's after the tragic experience with the compensation, nor are they recognize d radium dial workers, this , limit wa s by the worker .es related to exposure . reduced to . 30 reds per Year: In 1948, Who would'sue for damages if they. after studies on the life shortening had a coronary? Yet there is doc- `effect and the high incidence of leu- umentation which relates coronary kemia among medical radiologists , heart disease with exposure to ioniz- the limit was again lowered, and ing radiation . became 15 rads per year. Children of Workers With. respect to the offspring: of After World War II, both a national workers, the . problem is still more . , and an international commission on serious and neglected .. My colleague- s radiation were established and com- have shown that the effects on child missioned to give some guidelines for req. when either patent is 'surprised to allowable limits of human exposure . radiation are .quite broad, including - Their advice was to lower the permis- cancer, asthma, dysentery ; rheumatic sible dose for workers to five rads pe r fever, -allergies, etc . . Who even year, and to allow the "general public " thinks to,relate the mental retardation of his/her child, or the occurrence o f this allowable dose over a reproduc- Anti-nuclear power demonstrators protes t- tive lifetime--i .e ., about 30 years . childhood'cancer , to the parent' s ed behind Madison Square Garden during This recommendation became law in occupation? How .this covered by. the Democratic National Convention, July 1958, and it is this standard which w e law? Who is even gathering . the. facts 12-15, 1976. -- photo by LN8 are still operating under today. for analysis.? In 1970, . the National Academy o f There is also an Immoral.philosophy Beyond this immediate concern, - which would tell : us that planned-in we are calling for a human monitoring ,8cienc4 was commissioned to moon- alder the radiation standards in the deaths and illness ,are unavoidable. system for both workers and for the light of growing citizen concern and It is the. cost we must pay for Sec- general public at-risk from this trioity. ,This is not true . We have nuclear industry . General measures . ;heightened ecological awareness since viable alternative paths--.including . • of public health are already showing 1958 . It concluded that there was no those of conservation, 'priotitizetior l signs of deteriotation in the vicinity need at this time to lower the permis - ,.sible exposure standards . Present of time and use, ; and. solar. and thermal of nuclear plants . It is now time to power. specifically search for this informa - confidence in the nuclear industry -On the scientific side, I would add. tion . Ordinary vital statistics do 'relative to its public health impact also that it is. my Contention,, and that not give adequate information on Sr. Rosalie Bedell is a biostatistician at of. my colleagues, ..4hat the hazards of mobility, occupation and other vari- the Roewell Cancer Research Institute in °loWievel radiation have been wider ables. Buffalo, specializing in the, relationship estimated, by .the straight`'line estimates My research shows that the rise ` of radiation to cancer . made from effects at .high doses . The in leukemia usually associated wit h

'.@sager of Nuclear Powe r 4/77 `PN! 7S radiation exposure can be considere d a secondary effect . By this I mea n that the exposure causes one to age Environments Impact at a faster than normal rate, probably causing damage to one of the bio- by Marge Roo k Low-level radiation from th e regulatory systems which under normal emission• stacks eventually affect s conditions break down more graduall y The hearing droned through a soft. plants and resident animals, but a t with the passage of time . This model May noon.l • Rocherster Gas and Ninemile I the stack itself kills the predicts a whole syndrome of prdblem s Electric's ecologist had admitte d passage birds by cdllision : bird- usually associated with natural aging that he'd rather see another power - Watchers have found dozens of dea d occurring at an earlier age for persons plant at Ginna than a first one on gulls, sometimes warblers or sand- so exposed . Information needed to the virgin Sterling site . But, after pipers, a rail. After foggy nights monitor this effect ii not even bein g a flurry .of whispers from RGE's law- when the kill is heavy, a NiMo ; . ! gathered . yers, he raised a specter: that official arrives at the plant, early, , It is necessary to die, but it is not swamp, . agreed by environmental- hurrying to dispose ,of the broke n necessary to so abuse one's body that ists and RGE to be ecologically the fluffy bodies before the arriving there is a long period of debilitation most valuable area on the site - dayshift workers'see them . 3 . the powerplant will be 1/4 mile and disease prior to death! The need - Bold-IEogles. less exposure of the body to ionizing distant, and the swamp preserved radiation, whether from the nuclear as a buffer; but, if the plant isn't In 1976 DEC With Cornell Univer- industry or from medical xray,'is such built, the farmer whose muckland sity raised two young western Bal l an abuse . The decision to suffer this adjoins the swamp may do some Eagles at Montezuma, in high hofies abuse cannot come from any upper tree-cutting and expand his onions ! ' that their progeny,may repopulate , DEC (Department of Environmenta l central New York .' It's a mere 2 4 level administrative decision that the Conservation) staff counter with, people need More electricity! It must miles from Montezuma to the be a decislort of the people themsel- information on farm abandonment Ontario Lakeshore of Starling Town- ves . It miist4iao be a free and fully trends in Upstate ; but the hearing ship. Historically, ; southeastern examiner's face is non-committal. - Lake Ontario has' ; had nesting ea informed decision! It must be made Flexible though it is, the grea t only for oneself and not for one's gles; the Sterlin9 'bkeek marshes gar hasn't room enough to- U-turn i n beautifully fit a ddScription o f neighbor or oiie''s neighbor's children . its aquarium at the- Ninemile Point As yet 1-We not mentioned spe- eagle habitat. Whet poignant iron y cifically' the nuclear generator under Visitors' Center. This fish, victim if a PSC permit fora powerplant of a misfired Niagara Mohawk destroys a second lime, by distur- construction'at Seabrook . You are to publicity gimmick, symbolizes all be • commended, on your courageous bance'of the solituc 'e they need,, t(' stand and I sure you have the gra- aquatic life dying of low-level pollution of..their'_.fa'od, or.two hig radiation, siltation of creeks, acci- voltage wires glAiNieno:tu,Jh. for a h titude of wary people in this country . dental chemical spills,: fluctuating You give Pula* witness to how stro - pair Ofwingae.fo ' h.sitihtiitane- ngly youu 'ch -life and a lifelving water temperatures, now at Nino- ously, this great bird that man, ha d environfl Y u also show a fierce mile, with its .two=going-on-throe tried to restore . : : love of fr and desire to parti- nukes, and in the future at Sterling The.eagle 's fat-e prophesies the cipate,:ir' cl,eions which affect if that plant is built. Outside the fate of 29 threatened bird -speeteef your lives those of your children . Visitor's Center, no birds will nest that breed in:or .migrate through Probabl ±,y Odlso aware that the .in the eye-level birdhouses come Sterling, their status brushed off spring: too exposed, too hazardous . or overlooked .in the hearings, =as , New Engl i ``tes are among the No matter; dne doesn't expect a -States wit hest o ncezr to .well as of other birds, not: "tlhreat- in the country,,, ; utility, company to Provide stuff ened''ayet,.and of the 'beavei s that ciai bird habitat : - What does'htatter build dams in Sterling Valle . Unlrrxcrican Philosophy is that fewer Bath Wallow's will . Creek of all the ' lovely various► ' nest in the jock ledges below the a ni.mais a nd .plants . There seems to be a philosophy Fitzpatrick plant, since construes afoot whin wants, to take care ofthe tion crews poured Concrete slag footnotes poor ignorant citizen who does not • over part of the only knewn`natut i really km:m.1_ hat is best for,him. (Le., nen=bafh,. non-bridge) Barn l Ma' 1974 hearings before the N.? Public I oppose tl e; philosophy as , unAmer- Service• Camels (non on sitills a tossit- Swallow nest- site in theState fueled power-plant at Starling. _ ican and p trdnizing . We are not less . In the plant's Jpluihe of warm-water 2 John Bu11, Birds of New. York $ttter-1914, inflamed -tinn pair forebearers,,,and discharge is `a' raft of winter ducks we refuse o tyrannizedby,wealth ` and gulls; atttatited by the' height.= 3 Source confidential. or pseudo learning. We will not live air 'erred growth of algae and'inverte-=. 4' The Blue Li'st`(on'Whic. h I.found fhe'29"T on promises (and,forecasts,• but will brates in the plume . Well and > Sterling ,epboiee) ''"h"haaii-heeii'the shame be rooted} in.t,e, real. and the human . for the offidiai list efthreatened spec good, until-the powerplantis-down , cies issued annually by the U.6J isp We reject plapning which include s and the waterbirds are trapped in . & Wildlife Service" -- "not to be deaths ofl;urga}1}beings as one of the the quickly fo¢ming:.ioe. confused With the veryrate :or'bfficially "costs" . We demand straight answers -'endangered' species, .although sdine to our questions . We again grasp our •. Marge Rusk says that the reader-between are-rapidly approaching tilts status. " freedom artd;r1ignjty and the right to -the-lines will see how she became an Robert Arbib, ',`The Blue List for 1977" choose our saran destiny under-God- --- anti-nuke activist. - - in.j4nterica,n .girds, .,Vol. •.30,.,11iA..6._1a76 . S8 PNL 4/77 Dangers of Neckar Powe r Nuclear Waste Reprocessing -- Is it really Safe by Carol Mongersoa The plan is to solidify them and sen d tape a plastic bag up to the pipe to There are safety hazards thtoughout the them to a federal repository. But catch the drips. What kind of mater- nuclear fuel cycle : uranium mining, pro - there are many unsolved problems ial was leaking? just drips . It could cessing, transportation, power generation , with solidification and there is no have been plutonium or uranium. more transportation, reprocessing and They did this all the time waste storage . This article focuses on a federal repository. No suitable . There wa s part of the cycle of particular concern to place has yet been found. one under the vent duct which was residents of New York State reprocess - When NFS shut down in 1972 , there as long as anyone could remem- ing and temporary waste storage . there were major, unsolved problems . ber. It was never fixed . One of thes e The plant had become steadily more plastic bags funneled into a jug . If the government regulates it, it contaminated. More and more tem- They would put a "High Radiation " must be safe., Don't count on it. If porary workers had to be hired to sign on it and change the jug when it the nuclear industry is regulated, take care of equipment failures and got full. (It was forgotten once and inspected, and monitored by the clean up the plant. Icspection .re- ran all over the place.) When you 'federal and state. governments how ports show many violations . The changed it you would put the full ju g come there have been so many acci- average exposure to workers wa s into a box for the waste burial ground. dents, over-exposures, and equip- the highest in the industry . In 1976 If it was really'"screamin' you would put it carefully in the middle of the ment failures? Mow could these , NFS-.abandoned its attempt to repro things have happened? This article cess fuel. box so it wouldn't read too hot to will talk about the safety hazards in bury. the reprocessing of nuclear fuel. Malfunctioning Equipmen t It is here that the unsolved problems are the greatest and the radioactivity Almost all the workers complaine d is the highest. Similar problem s that the monitoring equipment wa s exist throughout, the industry . in poor repair and insufficient in The nation's'only commercial repro- number. The continuous air monitor ceasing plant as' atWest Valley, N .Y. , in the hall malfunctioned so often, - Nuclear Fuel S40/ices ( NM ) . It ' they didn't know when to believe it . • • took the spent (but still highly radio - Sometimes the orange light would b e %active) fuel -frond reactors across the flashing ; sometimes the red one . country and separated out the uran- Sometimes the beep would be going. ium and plutonium for reuse :`' Every- So they never knew if there was a "Ourcompany firmly believes real problem or if it was just th thing else was radioactive; garbage. that nuclear reprocessing and e The solid we sags were buried in waste storage dangers are personality of the monitor: They trenches, a practice whigh has bee n .non-existent' ." were told to check the'graph on the a spectacular failure . The trenches monitor and if it read OK they could have filled up with water: which is ignore the light flashing . But they ;- 1000 times more radioactive than the There "were"a lot of reasons why wondered if the graph could be standards allow . . Now they are leak- the;hazrds were, ao great at NFS. trusted either . ing. Governor Carey has-cut the Soma gf them had to do,with faulty.: The problems with equipment point State monitoring agency out of his plant design . , Under the lab floor up the trade-off which must be made ' proposed budget so there will be no theca was a big ,v+entilation duot, between profit and safety if . private way to detect leaking the future which kept . getti g contaminated.. industry is to run nuclear plants. There, wa s so, muchn radiation through The one and only electronics tech- Unresolved Problem the floor that the .men had to sta y nician in the facility was quite The high level liquid westes. re- oway from. those ..areas At times they overloaded with, repair work and the main in West Valley,' in undergroun d couldh't.work in their offices because company would not spend the money tanks, a deadly legacy for western tliee duct went right under: their,desks required to hire more help for this New York and an astro'nomicel.finan- One worker haid. to hang a "High man. He suffered a nervous break - cial problem for N.% State and the Radiation" signor his b oss's office down while working under the strain . nation. The h}ch leveedwastesare the once. which was . taken to be ..a joke, While he was absent for recupera- • mostserious9nresghied problem tea= but,itwa.s no,joke. The radiation tion his work was left to pile up for inq tA,nuclearigdustry. They are was -that high . They tried and trie d him when he returned . extremely radioactive and will remain to,get, something . done about it but Security at NFS was reported ver y ' so for several hundred "thousand years were told things_ like "it would b e poor by most of the workers I inter- They are stored in-tanks which will ,too . much water through, the low leve l viewed. They were checked as they last only about 40 years and must b e waste treatment" or, "not enoug h left the plant but there was always continually monitored and cooled. time ,or equipment available" or som e a lot of confusion at the gate whe n the men were checking in and ou Carol Mongerson is a member.& the Spring - such thing . Itwas never fixed t ville Radiation Study Group. and,is actively permanently. , and there was only one guard . On iflvolvedin study, education and action , There were drips allover the plant , numerous occasions contaminate d regarding nuclear radiation hazards . and it was staiidard'procedure to tools and equipment were stolen fro m

Doa'•rs of Nuclear Power 4/17 PNL 9S ed to dangerous work are the kind who like danger and taking chance s regardless of age. Besides, anyone working with hazardous material day in and day out would almost have to ' become blase about it after a while ; it may be a psychological necessity . Another problem is the invisibility ' . of radiation and the length of time it takes the health effects to show . I think it is always going to be difficult to convince a group of healthy, young men that radiation, even though you can't see it, can cause trouble at some later point in their lives . There are too- many counter pressures work- ing against you. First, there is lazi - ness and the tendencyfo take short - cuts . so you can goof-.off. Then there' is the pressure to slob off, to, prove that you are not afraid and will do a s much as the next .guy . And there is the gambler in all of us. . You have to take risks in life so why-not this one ? The benefits were immediate supply. The doors, to these cells . . in the form of high pay in an area the plant . It was easy to steal . All where jobs were scarce . But the ' you had to do was throw the stuff were about two feet thick and made of high density concrete. The doors risks were nebulous . and you wouldn't over the fence and come back after know if- you had won or lost till much dark to pick it' up. Sabotage would have been. known-to swing shut by themselves, cutting off the,air supply later. For the temporary workers , have been relatively easy . Most who were brought in to do high expos- workers I talked to said it would be of the man in the coil and trapping him until someone could`.open the door ure jobs, there was a bargain basement an easy matter to smuggle in firearms lure to, the idea of being paid for a and several said they had access to to get him;.ocit:. *Alines the nearest the whole day when you only had to work plutonium and could have figured a person was some 250 feet from part of it . way to get it out easily enough . door. There was always supp5sed to It takes only about 10 kilograms to be a back-up person in the area near What. "Pine. the doors but if there was a shortage make a crude atomic bomb . About No amount of radiation is safe. All 78 kilograms of plutonium remain s of people to do the work, the back-up radiation causes cancer and genetic unaccounted for . On one run they 'man was sometimes not suited up and stationed in front of the cells. damage, even so-called natural radi lost 16 kilograms never did ation from the sun. So the question When they brought in samples, from figure out where it went, but it "wa s should not -be how much radiation is probably just an error in accounting . " the hot cells; they Were suppoeed to be -under a certain limit but if it wa s safe but rather how much cancer and Temporary Workers . close, only over by 50% so, thby how many genetic defects are accept - wo'uld bring it in anyway.- Hov -"Could able? What price are we willing, to Another hazard at NFS was the pay for the electricity we get from 1400 temporary workers who were, yoou'control this? Well, the supervis- or would have tb' stop it, but most '-of , nuclear eirergy? This is a much mor e hired to clean up and do repairs in difficult question because no one areas where the regular workers them were too loose . The men would- would have "burned out" too fast . nit' ask for permission to' do this of really knows what the price tag, is. They were often ignorant of radiatio n course f{, sup6rtiisor would have to We *imply. don't know enough yet . hazards and inadequately trained. watch y carefully, The government has set standard s Some of these temporary workers The gerr a 1 attitu de of the workers for workers and for members of the were exceedingly temporary, working was not as serious a rid oonserva tive public living 'near a nuclear facility . maybe only 5 or 10 minutes before as the nature of nuclear fuel repro - But many pegple are questioning receiving their maximum quarterly ceasing would seem to require .~ It these standards, whether they are dose . was a young and pretty 'ha ppy`go..' ; stringent enough, whether there are A lot of the things that went wrong lucky group who worked there. There not too many loopholes, and whether at the plant were due to simple huma n was a lot of joking'jand horsing around .they are fair to people who live error and carelessness compounded going on. this kind Of spirit is 'normal nearby. by poor supervislrn . The analytical among young `Wren but definitely What this account, provides is gusts- hot cells were at times some of the problem in a nuclear plant . ' Could it tio'ns, not answers . The questions most highly contaminated areas in be solved by hiring older men with are ones which must be answere d the plant. These cells had to be ,' old kids before a decision is made to recycl e families, instead of 18 year r entered periodically by a man with looking fora fast buck? _ ...~_ plutonium ; and continue. the nuclea protective clothing and a special air But the kind of people who areattract;. Path S10PNL4/77 Nuclear Prolifsratios The 'Peaceful Atom' & Nuclear Proliferation by Jim. . Renfrew of a plutonium bomb in a "mobiliza - Iran, Israel and Egypt. (5) GE and tion base", ready to be assembled Westinghouse are doing a booming The development of nuclear pow- immediately in a military emergency. business in overseas reactor sales; er in the U. S . involves many risks , It is difficult to be optimistic and U . S . loans often help pay for but the greatest dangers arise whe n about preventing the use of nuclear them. nuclear energy technology becomes weapons as an option when a na- In order to compete more effectively available throughout the world . tion feels its national survival i s in a U . S . dominated nuclear market, For many nations the only remain- at stake . The incentives for a pre- - the French and W . German, nuclear ing obstacle to weapons production emptive nuclear strike can be over- industries have been offering a is access to plutonium . The tech- whelming in the midst of 'a small "sweetener" in their reactor deal s nology is, already'' well known. The war. . .in the Middle East . . .in --enrichment and reprocessing-- the old Atomic Ener* Commission ha s South East Asia . . .or in Southern facilities that enable a nation to admitted that "because of the wide- Africa . "The more countries that produce and process its own'fuel. spread dissemination of instructions possess nuclear weapons, " empha- Without strict international supervision for processing special nuclear mate- sized candidate Jimmy Carter in Max these facilities can produce weapons rials and for making simple nuclear "the greater the risk that nuclear grade materials . These sellers weapons,` acquisition of special nu - warfare might erupt in local con- suspect that fears about proliferatio n clear materials remains the only flicts, and the greater the danger and warnings about reprocessing plant substantial pro) Man facing groups that these could trigger a major sales are an elaborate design for th e desiring to have' SuCh weapons . (1) nuclear war." (4) . The "stability" protection of Americas lucrative And as reactors dontinue to spread of super-power deterrence becomes nuclear exporting business . around the world ; he plutonium by- highly unstable when more and more The Carter administration recog- product will becote increasingly nations Pain the nuclear club . nizes the dangers inherent in reprocessing and has tried to available . By M2`, it is estimated "Remember The Good Old-Days When We Only take that 200,000 pounds' of plutonium Worried About Rueueiu Getting Over' some positive steps . "The assump- will be produced '`a9ifivally. Twehty N `eA tion is", said one Carter campaign pounds of it, whdh fashioned into advisor, "that any nation seeking a speCi iNts a bomb, can and has destroyed a RE_s_ f reprocessing plant wants to have a ' city'the size of'Nagasaki . nuclear weapons option ;. So,to over- come the attraction of this option, 'Atoms,forPeace'•. the U .S .would have to: offer purchasers "Ironically, Writes one senator, of nuclear reactors perma,pent and "the American 'A,toms adequate access to fuel " " This for Peace' pro- would leave full fuel cycle processes gram and even the ,Nuclear Non-Pro- `.'safely" in the hands of a small grou liferation Treaty N T) may have p accelerated the spread of atomic of nuclear supplier s weapons instead Of slowing .or stop Nuclear Carte l ping it . Weapons grade plutonium Senator Ribicoff has suggeste can be Made in the '.peaceful' mac- d 4hat these suppliers could,form a tors promoted by the U . S , program artel to fairly divide and the Treaty Just as they are made :up-.t he global in 'weapons' reactors . " (2) Using reactor market- his. hope{being that a Canadian - built reactor, Indi cut-throat cotnpetition }roping a dangerous technology could ;lie was able to construct, a bomb,and avoided . It is reported that Israel has used a These proposals will help focus French-built .reactor for the same global attention on the dangers of purpose . . . and others can easily fuel cycle technology,, btitthey, like follow . agar the NPT will do little to stop The 1f R T: was designed, to stop ---copyright 1974 by HerbLock ln, The WattI ngton Pop e proliferation. As long-as-international proliferation of weapons, but a na- reactor sales continue tion need only~sign the. Treaty to The. U . 3 . exports 70% of the non- . ;_Ihiaclear have the right to the technology of socialist world's nuclear energy fa- materials will continue to circulate cilities and is also the biggest sup- abroad . American corporations will 'peaceful' reactors . "To bypass its fell overseas as domestic sale commitment under the N P T.," writes plier to,those nations that .have not s signed the UP T Slump in the face of a powerful Sidney Lens-, "a signatory can Mere.- . Current and future anti-nuke movement- and. Gerniany put aside the various component s exports of nuke plants will be involv- ing most, of .those; nations Suspected will have to sell abroad tb-'Offset Jim Renfrew, is,a staff , person at.the.Poaae , of having nuclear weapon aspira - a domestic reactor moratoriu m aad Justicp Education Center (Rochester) , tions . These include S . Korea, Tai- As world uranium supplies dwindle, ? He is deeply concerned about the danger s wan, S . Africa, Brazil, Argentina, questions must also be raised about of both nuclear power and nuclear weapons .

Nether Prellfsrtlor

the viability of guarantees concerning a dpntinued *supply of fuel. Pluto US helps South Africa 'Go-Nuckaf nium is already being.considered at a' replacement fuel in the U .S ., David Eashrbrook Proliferation Treaty, South Africa i s wilt a new plutonium-based 'energy n ecopoiny to accompany it . Is the under no obligation whatsoever i In early 1976, reports appeare d U .B . planning to help nations build the use of its nuclear potential . Pure reactors that can't be fueled or are in the Washinaton Post, the New thermore, the safeguards required by there plans to reintroduce. processed York Times, ,andthe Christian Science the U .S . in the sale, of nuclear Ma- plutonium as a substitute? The Monitor concerning the export_ of terials to South Africa are not suffi- ' choice maybe between providing weapon-grade uranium by' the U,S . ciently strong . to..SouthAfrica ostensibly for use in more plutonium or`risking the New Suppliers wrath of allies as their energy South Africa's nuclear power indus- economies crumble for lack of try. It later came out that 97 pound s The fierce competition that has fuel« of enriched uranium, processed at th e developed in recent years between U.S,-Nuclear Corporation . in oak ' nations anxious to export nuclear Status Symbols Ridge, Tennessee, had been exported ' power products and production tech- . . . sanctions 'against repro- in 1975. Indications were that 1976 niques has encouraged the U .S . to Meng shipments . were expected to at leas t odssing can only be a part of the sole export materials to South Africa . s double the 1975 amount . This en- Once the ,monopoly of the U .S . and ution. Some Atoms for Peace nation riched .uranium was exported to the are independently seeking reprooess - Great 'Britain, the sale of reactors , 3,,, South African government's research ' fuel and related technical assistance :ing capabilities "No matter what reactor in the Transvaal and the nuc - it .costs,''' asserted one Brazilian . is now carried on as well by France , lear.power generating Plant .near Cape' the Netherlands, West Germany and official; ."Brazilwill have to make it- Town, bath operated by South Africa n produce its. own reactor s Japan . Sales have therefore prolifer- self able to personnel trained at Oak Ridge and ated to countries such as. Iran, Israe l and obtain technology for full cycl e consultants "on loan" from the U .S. e Egypt, Brazil, India and South Afric a 'nuclear fuel, in order to guarante Atomic Energy Commission ., .S . to compete for a n the. full completion' bf its nuclear pro- forcing the U Ne Safegeards important market in South Afric a grain. ".7 - which is well integrated with the Stopping the tide of'proliferation Mineral-rich South Africa is as require more than selective safe- economic and military . policies of will eager to receive such support front the U .S . guards and restrictions . As tong. a s the U .S ., as .outlined above as the nuclear plants are being built abroad., The U .S . nuclear connection with tI.S. military-industrial Complex is South Africa goes back to July 6, 195 7 there will always he the danger tha t to receive abundant supplies of all that materials when a 50-year agreement on "nu - they will be misused or the minerals South Africa has to offer, : clear co-operation" was signed be- .will fall into the wrong hands : In including uranium, 'mined with the - tween Washington and Pretoria. Sub- addition, the dangers that we asso labor . of its African majority who are sequent amendments to that agreemen t ciate with domestic. plants are accen- subjected unceastnglx.to the .dehum- as few nuclear have fully entrenched the U .S . Atom- tuated overseas, anizing brutality of apartheid . is Energy Commission fn the . role as safety laws exist and even fewer to the South Africa is not a, signatory . supplier to the South African Elec- are ' enforced. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty s tricity Supply Commission, It is not . As long a e development i and thereby does not officially at all difficult to foresee moves to ' equated with nuclear energy, reac- pledge to apply International Atomic . Roch- implement and solidify restrictions tors will continue to spread Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards in on South African assistance through ester Gas and Electric and Niagara its utilization of nuclear materials . the Export-Import Bank crumbling Mohawk are only one part of a MasonWilirich, Professor of' law a t under the weight of such trade .. nuclear, energy model that sets a the University of Virginia and Inter - powerful example.for non-nuclear national expert oi[ :nuclear'matters, It is far from inconceivable that nations to follow . - Yet, every new in his tee. bny before the House the South Africans are developing ` plant they build becomes another Subcom bin May, 1976, echoed nuclear armaments . That this could incentive for another nation to do the unofficial but generally accepted be going on with at least the tacit the 'stole - to become a partner in U .S . policy line that co-operation approval of the U .S . is quite likely. Doomsday. and trade with South Africa in nu - No matter what the U .S . policy line Footnotes' clear matters was a positive induce- when talking to independent African ment to South Africa to sign the Nu- governments is, the fact remains ' Ben. Mike Gravel (nuclear energy news- clear Non-Proliferation Treaty and that U .S . actions speak for them- letter) 2 gag, apply IAEA standards . selves--the U .S . is exporting en- riched uranium to South Africa i 3 "Doomsday Minus One" by Sidney Lens, The important point is that with- n Progressive, Jan. 1977 . out accession to the Nuclear Non- large quantities and Is offering tech - 4 NewYorkTimes . May 14, 1976 . nical assistance toward South Afri- 14eM(Yolk Times, March 26, 1976 . David Easterbrook is a member of the Syra - ca's own development of a nuclear 6 Christian Science Monitor, may 25 , cuse Peace Council and the Committee o n capability and•ail of this goes on .1976. Southern Africa Liberation. He is also outside of internationally agreed 7 New Yak Times, Dec . 28, 1976 . African bibliographer for the,. Syracuse University libraries, upon safeguards ,

S12 PNl 4/77 Paid Advsrlis~ilia s ~o P ,dr.- , The LIBERAL PARTY of Onondaga County Power commends 'the 'Syracuse of the Peace' Council and the Printed Word : . . . . Upstate Nuclear Action Infprmation, Communication, Education Coalition for their efforts to Sharing . point out the perils The written word, the printed wont . Creating channels, breaking down of nuclear power.. barriers . :1 D The graphic, the letterhead, the newsletter, . .A positive step toward a saner energy policy will be the enactment of a Nuclear Responsibility Act by the New the business card, the poster, the ever- -, York State Legislature This act would halt further con ). necessary inevitable leaflet, the invitation , - the brochure, the stationary, the sticky struction of nuclear power plants until some important bumper sticker : - waste-disposal 'and' safety-questions are- answered. Such a bill was introduced at the last session of th e Legislature but was bottled up in a State Senate Commit Marilyn Austin ' Nancy Travers tee . Liberal Party candidates for the Legislature in 1976 ' SPC PRESS used public forums to state the importance of the enact- 924 BURNET AVE. ment of such a law . - SYRACUSE. NV 13203 For information on how you can participate via elect - 1315)472-5476 oral politics and work.on issues such as these, contact MOVEMENT AND COMMERCIA L Allen Miller Lillian Reiner ' PRINTING 300 Roosevelt Ave.' ' 1009 Cumberland Ave . :,:,R • Syracuse, NY 13210 Syracuse, ''NY'13210 - 423-2479, 472-3047 472-2406' Friends of the Earth 72 JANE ST. NY, NY 1001 4 Friends of the Earth has a question for you : What's the use of a house if you haven't got a tolerable planet t o put it on? -- Thorea u Friends of the Earth is people .-- workina aaainstnuclear energy, SST's, hazardous genetic technology, chemica l poisons, ocean pollution, dams, highways, overpopula- tion, energy & resource waste , and working for sane energy alternatives, wildlife & Alternatives wilderness, mass transit, clean air, organic soil, mass transit, clean air, organic soil and agricultural practices , sponsc red by . Priorities_ , whales, safe working conditions, and an ecologically NY Interest sound sustaining society . ReseedcGgroup & Infrastructure y Please enroll me in the category checked,. entitling me to "Not Man Envi&nlilental Law Societ 1 Apart" and a 20% discount on FOE books . 1 (Contributions to FOE are not tax-deductible . ) 1 Member Category .1 . _ Regular, $20 a year _Life, $1,000* * 1 _ Supporting . $30 a year * _ Patron, $5,000 or more** Contributing, $50 a year** _,,Student, $10 a year - SUNY College of..Environmental ' ( Sustaining, $250 a year** _ Retired, $10 a year , Science &: Forestry 1 * Will receive free a paperback volume from our "Celebrating the Earth Series I ** Will receive free a volume from our "Earth ' s Wild Places" Serie s Admission Free -- Open to the Public ( I Check here if you wish to receive your' bonus books . tOthernise I . ( we'll use the savings for lobbying purposes . ) 1 TOPICS include solar, wind, nuclear power, fossil 1Name fuel supply, energy conservation, energy policy making Address 1 1 City State Zip 1 for more info: (315) 476-8381 , 1 ._,

Nuclear Power & Goverawaat 4/77 PNL 13S Nuclear Power: Dictator of Our Political Futur e by Lorna Selman oral years ago the Texas State Police, ' "The Threat to Licensed Nuclear Facili- on the instigation of the FBI, assembled ties"contain recommendations fo r U.S . energy policy is being made, a dossier on Continental Airlines Pilot citizen surveillance, personal searches , backwards. Instead of starting. a Robert Pomeroy because he was a -mem- psychological studies, and investi - national dialogue on what values and ber of Citizens Association for Soun d gation of people moving into neighbor- priorities we want to stress in Ameri- Energy, agroup opposing a propose d hoods near nuclear facilities, with can society and matching our energy nuclear power plant near Dallas. In surveillance done in conjunction wit h policies to them, we are instead this particular case the airline, who the FBI, CIA, and the NSA. Both reports choosing energy sources which by had been notified by the police of recommend creation of a federal nuclear their costly, complex, centralized , Pomerey's activities, told Pomerey of security force. hazardous nature, will in effect dic- the investigation and the plot was tate our political and social future . exposed. More recently, it wa s Threat to Democrac y In the case of nuclear power, we are . revealed that Jacqueline Srou%i, a n 1h the area of legislation, inroads are already being forced to accept restric- FBI informant, had infiltrated the being made already into the democratic tiohs on our personal freedoms as th e reporting-staff of the Nashville Tennes- process . The'State of Virginia consi- price for safeguards against nuclear seen'in order to keep tabs on an edito r dered a bill in 1975 (proposed bythe terrorism and sabotage . These re- and a reporter who had written articles Virginia Electric Power Co .) to permit strictions range from utility guard s critical of nuclear power . Srouji's FBI VEPCO to set up its own police forc e with submachine guns under instruc - connections came .out in Congressional with the power to azlrest anyone any- tions to shoot to kill, to sanctione d hearings when it was learned that she where in the state and obtain confi- surveillance of dissident citizen groups , had had access to thousands of pages dential records on citizens. Rep. and are an open admission by our of top-secret FBL files on nuclear power Melvin Price of Illinois, co-sponsor government that nuclear` proliferatio n information which clearly only an of the infamous Price-Anderson Act (of both commercial and militar y authorized FBI agent could have pos - (which exempts utilities from liability nuclear facilities) represents the sessed or inspected . Stouji later over a certain amount in the event of single greatest threat to nationa l received threats from the FBI not to a nuclear accident) will re-introduce security. The question then arises a s reveal more information aria wa s Federal legislation giving the Nuclea r to whether these restrictions will brin g recently quoted in a Rolling Stone Regulatory- Commission (IOC) the on a political backlash that could article as saying that she believed power to control the siting of nuclear stimulate the political terrorism they plutonium worker Karen Silkwood had ' power plants-anywhere in the country . are designed to preclude . been murdered becaese she had dis- Thus, all state and local haarings and covered a plot to smuggle plutonium decisions on nuclear safety,, economics , Big Mother out of the Kerr-McGee plant in Okla- and siting would be eliminated . More Some of the actin e already taken by homa . recently, a Mitre-Corporation-spon - the Federal govefnment and the private sored report, "Public Participation i n nuclear utilities (the latter accompanied Energy Related Decision Making" , by its promotional arm,, the Atomic responding to Dr . Albert Einstein' s Industrial Forum'? a1 d the public role famous remark on the need to hav e tions firm of Char es Yulish )Cs so decisions made by voices from th e ciates in New York City), should give village square, suggested re-defining citizens cause for alarm . Over recent that village voice, an ominous threa t years the above conglomerate has bee n to, our basic Constitutional right to assembling dossiers on anti-nuclea r self-government. individuals and organizations. Group s All of this adds up to the indisputable , being sprveyed include Friends of the ? fact that nuclear power as an energ y Earth, Sierra Club, Ralph Nader' s at source, as an economic institution, a s public interest groups, Environmenta l Several government sponsored studies a political bellwether, and as a n Action, Environmental Policy Center , pinpoint the potential for nuclea r environmentaI'.and health hazard, ma y Another Mother for Peace, and the terrorism and sabotage as. the weakest already: be condemning democracy to — Union of Concerned Scientists . Some link in the nuclear fuel cycle. In extinction, for it represents the ultimate response to this, proposals have been concentration of political and economi c utilities such as Potomac Electric made to institute wiretapping, surveil- Power Co. have files on environmental power that in turn may control ou r lance, and infiltration of citizen groups personal lives, freedoms, and socia l letter-writers in general . to detect possible plots against nuclea r Surveillance of individuals continue s fabric . For these reasons citizens facilities - neglecting the fact tha t must question nuclear power not o n at a high pitch, with the aid of Ped- leading, the battle the Sev nuclear critics are technical grounds but must examin e eral agencies suoh as FBI. to preventnuclear violence, and tha t the stresses that reliance on thi s Loma Salzman is the New York Represent- government aided nuclear proliferation uniquely dangerous energy source will ative for Friends Of the Earth ; She is al- so Southampton town re sentative to the will thaw sethe potential for violence; create. The inescapable conclusio n New York State siting rd on the pro- loth the Rosenbaum Special Safe- is that nuclear power is inherently ' posed Jamesport nuclear plants . guards study and the Mitre Corp. report . incompatible with a democratic society .

S14 PNL4/77 Ecouon*s/ -Whisky -What Price for the Poor & Elderly? by Frod Dusabery struction Work In Progress)in rate' . energy use, and it worked . The cost cases . Formerly, CWIP was denied a of electricity went down because When low, moderate or fixed-incom e place in rate increases because it larger and larger generators were people have to cope with exception- was felt the expense of building a more efficient than smaller .ones . ally rapid increases in utility bills generating plant could only be In most areas of the U .S ., the of the '76 - '77 winter, charged to customers after it started declining block rate structure is ! as in the case electricity , the burden can create extraordinary to generate electricity . still with us, not only for hardships . The elderly `people who In recent hearings before the Fed- but for natural gas also . Today, how- have never before asked for help eral Power Commission (FPC) , a ever, it is about as absurd as a from any person or agency were es - woman in her seventies from Queen s Cadillac which gets gas at 40' a N.Y., Rose Kryzak, protested that gallon while the Honda is forced to she did not want to pay for CWIP pay $1 .00 per gallon. Waste is en- through her utility bills because she couraged and conservation ignored . wouldn't be around to use the elec- This kind of pricing structure en- tricity when the plants finally got courages the . life style whose end built. This offset the utility argil 'product. is planning. for nuclear .ment that the customer woudl get the generating plants. Any effort !Wade benefits of CWIP later on . Ms . to change this structure, however; is fought tooth and nail by utilitie s and large industrial users with mil - lions of dollars worth of lawyers and expert witnesses in regulatory agency hearings on this subject . A case in point is the current N .Y. State Public Service Commission Case *26806, the "generic" rate peelally hard pressed this winter and hearings, now in their third year . were forced to experience the humil- iating experience of begging for help . Thousands of old people have shown up at emergency food centers because they paid their utility bills and foun d they had no m ney left for food : When poor'people cannot pay their bills, a social cost results which is often more 'tltt%in the bills themselves . The elderly' ar'e often forced to show up at a Welfare Department and th e bill will get paid along with the administr itive cost of processing the. payment . When a utility urges the construction of more and more expensive nuclear Kryzak said she represented :: 22 million -senior plant's it is advocating a policy which .citizens and thereby will be most burdensome on low and created'what. was known•iptside th e moderate income people because it FPC as the "Kryzak probtet," . The is the'value of the utility` property FPC- ultimately ruled that . the problem which goes to the rate base 'and is was real, essentially agreeing with' multiplied by the guaranteed rate cf. Rose Kryzak, one of the little-known , return . 'This, added to the huge successful advocates for the elderly . cosh of buitdiirg the nuclear plant is Trying to change the declinin g what goes into thoserequests for block rate structure, a well entrench- rate increases, ed idea which discriminates against The struggle continues and the poor , Another outrage currently being the poor, is like trying,to stop CWIP , get poorer. Only when the poor, attempted by utilities is the effort a relatively new idea . the low, moderate and, fixed-income to Maude the CWI P factor (Con- Back in the 19th century; the de- people join together to change the clining block rate 'structure was .. old outrages and stop the new cores seen as a positive way of promoting like CWIP, will the, utilities, regu- Peed Du$enbury is'project director of Cona - sumer Aaiiocacy in the Energy brunch, the, sale of electricity The more you, lators and legislatures respond . program of the Schenectady Z7dminunity used, the less you paid per unit use . The people united can never be Action Program (SOAP) . It was.'.$ simple .device to encourage defeated .

Nuclear Power & Gorerualeet 4/17 PNL BSS

Nuclear Welfare by Pete Caplan "Too cheap fo meter" was the pre- groups dissenting . With utilities ex- spent on military research going back diction made in the 50's about nuclear - pressing reluctance to take the risks , to the Manhattan .Project 'May comprise generated electricity . A continuous attractive incentives had been engin- a much larger indirect subsidy . - propaganda barrage of similar state- eered into the proposed program. Af- With municipally-owned utilitie s ments relating to the safety, reliabil- ter considerable debate in Congress , and small privately owned utilitie s ity and cleanness of nuclear power the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 wa s unable to find the capital or obtain what amounted facilitated the industry's highly lu- passed, legitimizing sufficient subsidies to compete, a crative raids on the public treasury to a blatant give-away, mainly to pri- relatively small number of corporate and made possible over 20 years of vate enterprise, of eight years of tax- .giants in time totally dominated the growth . Now, with dozens of plants payer-funded research. field of reactor construction . The in operation and hundreds more being leaders, GE' and Westinghouse, re- built and planned, the Council on peatedly hauled into court due to an-. Economic Priorities ip New York City ti-trust actions,- were both found has found that the performance rec - guilty in a price-fixing scandal, yet ord of these plants is so poor that never seemed to have -muchtrouble ' they are no longer economically com- when. subsidy time camearound . -So - petitive with coal-fired power any- much for free competitiot :in private where in the US .',Serious problems enterprise . • ' • e in the fuel cycle have dramatically appeared; uranium prices are sky - And, the day of the s bsltiy is far , rocketing, and nobody wants to re - C. from over. The governorht`e commie process fuel, nor to play host to tox - ment to nukes is easily n by look- s is wastes that result from this endeav- • I( ing at ERDA bud* requests .. or. The ill-starred breeder reactor, .00 The. numbers be. ,r •Jtake into which was supposed to banish forever account Car.ter'4yf yisions.: our fuel problems, has been the vic- tim of a 23% cut in the Carter budget . nuclear: (million) Yet, its development, originally es - fusion R&D - $411. timated at $0.7 billion, will have al- fuel cycle R&D '301, ready consumed over four times that breeder- reactor 618 amount by the end of this year . NRC safety facilities ' . 26 Nukes are in trouble ; are bailouts high energy & nuclear; R&D 680 . coming? Let's look at the record. environmental R&D ,(nidstly nuclear) 20 3 The work on the first atomic bomb- - nuclear materials safeguards 40 ; the Manhattan Project of the 1940's, . enrichment (less estimated was the world's largest scientifi c sales..to nonusers] Q,L. undertaking up to•that point . It is . .$3886. impossible to estimate its total ef- fect in providing the initial expertise , Thus begania new heavily-subsi-.' non-nuclear: (n lllion) dized reactor demonstration program, .. equipment., huge national lab facili- conservation R&D ). 80. ,.. ties, and multi-billion dollar fuel re - in which the AEC would pay .for and. fossil fuel development 547 fining plants that were to launch the perform much of the research, then solar 275 civilian nuclear program of 1946, vi a turn the plants over to private utili- ' geothermal the first Atomic Energy Act, which ties to be operated for profit . The among other claims, announced that powerful, big business-dominated it would be directed toward "strength- Joint Committee on Atomic Energy helped expand this program . It also Omitting administrative costs and ening free competition in private en- purely military activity, nuclear ac- ' terprise" . As satin as the resulting pushed through the Price-Anderson government power-reactor research & Act of 1959, providing pup to $112 bil- counts for over 3/4 of this portion oT lion in government-backed insurance the budget . The military pain of the, development program had made sub- budget itself contains hidden subsi- stantial progress, private interests in case of a nuclear accident . The program succeeded., and private util- .. dies . One example is high guaran- pressed to be included . Legislation teed buy-back prices forbotnb, pin- . - drafted and hearings held . The ities then began to build their own was plants tonium, produced as a by-product 'in testimony, dominated by large cor- civilian reactors . Other items on the porations, was heavily in -favor of What has been the cost to the tax- growing subsidy list are :. expensive - private control of the emerging indus- payer? As of mid-1976, Ralph Nade r waste disposal and fuel reprocessin g try, with only some labor and farme r estimated that "the nuclear industry schemes, operations of regulatory The writer has been an-occasional contributor . has benefited from $7 billion in direc t agencies, and Federal protection of to the Peace Newsletter .. He 'also teaches government program funds" . 2 The plutonium transfers , meteorology,at SUNY Oswego . spinoff-from the enormous amounts continued on p . 18

S16PNL4/77 The Necloar Pow.r Iitdfstry

'Who Wants Nuclear Power, Anywa y by Chris Murra y Look at the multi-dimensional chal- inghouse oligopolize the nuclear re - ty (output per energy consumed), but lenge to nuclear power -- health and actor industry ; they've supplied 268 this has made possible the desired environmental hazards, weapons pro- of the 437 reactors completed or on (if you're a capitalist) increase in liferation, unsolved tecinologica l order in the non-Communist world. labor productivity (output pet worker) . - problems, skyrocketing costs, et al . GE has had no competition for its. style . While this phenomenon character Who in their right mind would want it ? reactor since Allis-Chalmers :gave up izes US industry as a whole, the most Overwhelming evidence has bee n in 1966. . Both .Corporations have ex- blatant example occurs in the anergy amassed against 'nuclear power de- tensive control over the. making of industry itself, where capital produe velopment, yet it's pursued with vig- their nuclear products . For example, tivity fell by 18% in lust 13 years -- or. Why? GE` manufactures every major comport- 1960-'73 . The consequences of all of this are an ever stronger tendency to The big push is clearly coming from ' ent of its reactor except one, which is provided by a jointly owned 'subsid- ward unemployment and, an ever in - the economic sector . The nukes' ad- creasing demand for capital (if not vocate is corporate America, buttress iaiy. This past year, GE absorbed Utah, Int., whose business is mining, an outright capital shortage) . Be- ed with promotion and money from the among other things, uranium . To pia - tweets 1970-'73, capital needed to sup- government (see(see Nuclear Welfare, p.15). port energy production amounted to Their economic stake is evident -- cafe the Justice Dept, the uranium -op - erations have been transferred to a new about 24% of the capital invested in from the slick piece extolling nuclear - US business altogether, and is ex- power, tucked-in our electric bibs t o company, but GE will reap dividends of. 85% of its net after-tax income . pected to exceed 1/3 by 1978 a The :million dollar campaigns like the one . The Trernsndous P.risstt Mark l serious point is that the energy in- recently waged by Pacific Gas .& Elec - dustry will not be able to .pay its own ,triC and GE. to defeat Proposition 15 , ERDA has estimated that by 1980,1 way, but more and more of the tota l California's anti-nuke referendum . . fuel sales will be generating exports of available capital will be diverted to more than $500 milliore'veairly and pow- "Live sttor Electrically " - meeting its needs., 6 er plant equipment $1 .77' billion in -an- Increasing demand for capital can . The development of commercial nu- ' nual supplyexports 70%. GE ofand the, Westinghouse reactors outside, only mean rising interest rates , in- clear power sprang from a happy coin- who sistence by corporations on govern- cidence of interests -- the betterment the US, each reaped over $600 million ment budget surpluses as a source of of humankind and profits. In the ear- in revenue in 1974 . intriguingly, the additional capital, increased deprec#- ly 50's, the-government, trying to ex- . US' 2 strongest competitors, Frame- aeon allowances ; lower corporate orcise the evil of nuclear warfare, be- tome (Fr .) and Kraftwork (W . Germany), taxes and rising prices . gan pushing:the peaceful atom, and are licensed by US corporations and the messagewas not lost on Business . peddle US technology . Westinghouse . ' This insatiable app~rtite for capital , Corporate lobbying began long befor e who owns 45% of Framatome, may earn joined with rising unemployment, por- AEC jxopbsedlegislation that woul d as much as $4 million from France's tends total economic-devastation hand the infant 'nuclear power indus - sale of 2 reactors to Iran. So much for without some countervailing force . try over to private enterprise. An AEC assailing France and W . Germany's The cure is nuclear power! Growth - - official summarized the corporat e nuke Sales to Pakistan and Brazil l4 increasing the total'output of the in- pitch: "Dollarwise, most of this in- The Crux 4ustrial system, will generate capital terest centers on the generation of e All of which suggests that there are and make jobs available .. Paradoxical lectrical energy utilizing nuclear fuel" . deep rooted reasons producing thi s ly, growth ' L11 do this by consuming How alluring for giants like GE and hell-bent force for nuclear power . A capital 'and enemy, and displacin g Westinghouse who profit by making look at the nature of our industrial ' workers.- Surely,energy-must be the products that generate, distribute, and society sheds some more light. Over key to avoiding economic collapse . - consume electrical energy . As aG); the last 30 years, a veritable revolu - We cab win at this m4 niacal game, if spokesman modestly put it: "Our po- tion .in our production system has tak- at all, if we have a source of cheap , tential revenue base in a nuclea r en place . Industry now miles on bountiful energy . Andwe're forced plant, .for example, is some 6 times .. mechanization and automation to pro - to participate in this ,monstrous gam - that of a fossil plant. because we ca n duce its goods . Machines, and the ble ! As long as those who control supply the reactor, the fuel, and fue l energy required to operate them, are our economy, whose fortune and pow- re-loads, as well as turbine genera - replacing more and more workers . er depend on our capitalist economy , tors and their auxiliary equipment . '' 2 The effect of this has been quantum perceive nuclear power to be the The dams of Monopoly leaps in industrial output -- the GN P energy source to meet their needs, ,The very nature of nuclear technol- doubled between 1950 and,'70 -- and nuclear power will be, forced upon us . ogy, with its demand for heavy Capi - in energy consumption . But at what 1: US Congress, Joint Committee on Atomic tal investment and high level scien - costs? - The more technology-depend- Energy, "Atomic Power Development" Hearing s tific/engineering skill, has Preclud- ent industry becomes , the greater its 1953 . ed smaller companies from 'entering capital Mete, t'he greater-its energy 2• General Electric Annual Report, 1972 - or surviving in the industry, and has . 3• General Electric Annual Report, 197 6 use, and the fewer the jobs . To put 4. . reenforced the monopolistic ' structdre it another way, capital productivity tit• Tames, 8/17/75 of corporate society. GEandWest- (output per investment $) has steadi- 5' The Povertyof Power, Barry 0ommone ;, Murray used to work for CE. Its Knopf, 1976 rolteeri'ne is one of h&' fa Wile tOPICS'. ly declined, as.has :ener9y productivi- 6:. Sbid

Tho,!pt sar ham Industry 4/77 PILL 17S Nuclear Economics and the Energy Complex

by Lisa Johns

In speaking of nuclear economics, it remember that ail are also involve d and Gulf . Westinghouse shares is impossible to separate the nuclear in natural gas production, and many directors with Citibank, which i n industry from the remainder of the in coal as well. In-Short,- theyhave turn is tied to Con Edison, Rochester energy industry, and in turn the ener- the options covered . ) Gas & Electric, and Long Island gy industry is inseparable from the GE, ..Westinghouse, and the oil Lighting . GE shares directors with general economy. As ws shall see, companies are. linked by a common Texaco and Morgan Guaranty . Mar- a study of the financial interests in bond--the. big banks ; which are als o gan is linked to Niagara Mohawk and` the. nuclear field reads like a .Who's plugged in(sp to speak) to many of Con Ed . Who among corporate and banking the utilities. giants in the US . Barry Commoner, in his important .new book, The Poverty'ofPower (Al- fred A. Knopf, 1976) speaks of .the energy complex, .which has arisen out of post-war changes in our pro- duction system . ' "One branch of this complex, the petroleum and natura l gas industry, produces . fuel, chiefl y for transportation and, to a lesse r extent, for residential and industria l use. Another branch produces fuel , chiefly coal and'uranium,' for electric power production by utilities . The transportation and electric-power in- dustries depend most directly ; on'these' two fuel producing branches, but ui= timately the whole of the production system depends on them as well. " This complex''--petroleum, natura l gas, coal mining, . nuclear fuel pro dut'ction--dominates' the US production system . "It is '''says Commoner; the most dynamic,' economically 'powerfut sectorof industry, and--if "Tlir Crocker Nilir,nai'Bank board of director= meeting stand, nothing is changed it 'is likely"to adjourned. The Metropolitan Life Insurance Company's boar d of directon••will please come to order." determine the future behavior ofthe ' INS 1 entire production system . " The. impli- cations of this concentration of powe r Five of the nation's largest bahkin g just a few days' casual research and wealth will be `discussed in due and investment firms--Banker's Trust , turned up these ties, and it is rea- course, ; but first let's examine who Chase Manhattan, Citibank, Mdrgan. sortable to suppose the web could b e js who in the nuclear business. -- Guaranty and Merrill, ~;.ynch=-togethe r drawn tighter. with a little more First, of course are GE and tilrest- .'control about 9% of GE's total outer digging . (See also "Who's Who in inghouse, which together account fo r standing stock, andd10 96 of Westing - PASNY," p . 19 .) 70-80% of nuclear sales in the US . house . The same five are among th e The utility sector, the most capi- Then there ere_•ihe "oil" companies=- top ten stockholders in 74% of all tal-intensive industry in the US, is.- Mobii, Exxon, Gulf et al. Fifteen utilities with nuclear facilities, and also highly profitable . It has main- of the leading oil companies (whic h have major holdings in some of the, tained a 7% annual growth rate for 'Oil 'companies' . Interestingly, the ' nearly half a century, making utility themselves rank near the top of the r Fortune "500" list) are involved in 'five. are also ' members of the Atomic stocks blue chip favorites and thei nuclear ventures of one sor Industrial Forum, pro-nuclea r bond issues AAA. And, of course, the another, most commonly uraniut or m industry lobbying group . industry fully expects to maintain mining and milling . (It is useful . to i,s more -But there -a web of inter- this rate of growth into the foresee- locking corporate directors among all able future . Pleas from environmen- Of these: industry, ''oil, banks and talists on the need to conserve move utilities . Mellon National Bank them not at all . As one economist Lisa Johns Is a"rnentbor of the Syracuse shares directors-with Westinghouse ` Peace Council staff collective .

SPNt4/77 The Nuclear Po!er lad$try igtCLEAR ENERGY, continued from p .17 NUCLEAR WELFARE, continued from p .15 put it, "To conserve energy in a As the industry's troubles mount , seven times'the original purcha ,e growth-oriented economy is like bailouts ,appear on the horizon: In price . But, more:. It then used :te letting the cat 'into the pigeon coop . May, 1976, ERDA, aware of the risin g profits to subsidize the operation of a Such a perturbation is not envisione d price (now up to $40/lb .) and future costly nuke at Ginna, to sell at a by the Keynesian General Theory no r shortage of uranium, announced it loss to other utilities and at a low by postWoridWar II economic would make available its stockpile of rate to industry' 3 . • theory. " 100 million lbs at $11/lb . With the Energy, in short, is big business , price expected to approach $100/lb An increasing number of people are and some very- powerful economi c later this year, the bailout could b e beginning to realize that a continuing interests have invested heavily i n commitment to nuclear power and, for as high as $8-9 billion -- all paid for that matter, to any nuclear power because of the growth by us . big-scale, high- land profit) potential it appears t o technology energy schemes, be' they Offer . But larger than the question of. The nuclear Fuel Services fiasco at concerned with bigger and better nukes , rested interests in nuclear energy West Valley (see pp . 4-5, .8-9), which or, for that Matter, coal and oil, are itself, is the place of energy--of any looks )ce it may lead to a $1/2 billion bound to lead to an endless chaulrrell- kind--in the total economy . ,Every subsidy, is being given serious com- ing of taxpayer dollars and of politi- Sector depends on energy, and there - petition by eirents at Barnwell, S .C . , cal power into the hands of the cor- by on those small and concentrate d where a' $250 million fuel reprocessin g porate giants and their friends, com - numbers of corporate and banking facility under construction will, ace initting us all to capital-intensive interests which control it and mak e cording to government officials, re - ways of doing things, and-leaving u s important decisions for us--on how quire an additional $1/2 billion federa l with mindless growth and its cons-e energy is produced, how to pric e subsidy if it is to work . quences -- waste, unemployment , and distribute it, etc . and a ruined environment . We are already experiencing som e Meanwhile, right at home, Rocheste r Of the consequences, as oil prices Gas and Electric in 1974 purchasedall rite precipitously (1973) or a "short ' of the, electricity it needed for resi- 1. Power Plant Performance, Charles Komanoff age" of natural gas suddenly devel- dential customers from PASNY at lo w (1976), Council on Economic Priorities, Ops (1977) . The push to nuclear rates . After adding on distribution , '84 Sth Ave. ; NY, NY 1001i power is part of a general patter n debt service, and tax costs, plus a 2. Nader, Ralph, 1976 : The More they Build, Which must be 'resisted if citizens and modest 80% profit, RG&E turned a - The MoreYouPay,availablp from "Critica l recover any measure Mass", PO Box 1538, Dept.. M, Washing - taxpayers are to round and sold the electricity to the ton, DC 2001 3 Of control over their economic lives . public at what turned out to be over 3 . Rochester Patriot, 6/23-7/13/7 6 e.

This film tells the story"Of 26,00 0 demonstrators who occupied the siteandhalted the constri&lon of a nuclear power plant iris West Germany . A one hour documentary about the nuclear resist- , ance in Seabrook, N .H .

"These films are availabl e 10 environmental and political groups at discounted prices A film uhout the citizen, ,the low, treed Mountain Posh: Films the cnvireement tiucltiuripovIeF P P. i c [72 Montague, Massachusetts 01351 `• ' (4l3i863-4754

Nuclear Power & 6ovoru .at 4/77 PNL 195.

How Much Does: Nuclear Power Really Cost? by , Wahl

The Wall Street Journal has called the prolonged outages, power has to electricity in the year 2000 . Costs today's nuclear powerplants "atomic be obtained elsewhere--and the at the "back end" of the fuel'cycle. lemons ." These lemons are causing extra cost of the additional power is are soaring as well . Reprocessing the rates paid by electric utility cus- passed on to utility ratepayers . of spent nuclear fuel will cost $250 tomers to increase, not decrease, as More than $100 billion has already a pound by 1985--up to five time s the nuclear industry is fond of claim- been invested in nuclear, power, ac- the original projections . ing. Capital construction costs are cording to an article in the New York In order for nuclear fission power the highest in the energy industry, Times (2/9/75). Yet the power indus- to have any viability at all beyond th e and are responsible for 77% of the try cannot exist or expand without year 2000, it will be necessary to cost of nuclear generated electricity . massive government subsidy . The develop the plutonium breeder reac- Studies by Ebasco and Bechtel, two government has provided most of the tor, which brings with it huge costs , nuclear engineering. firms, reveal research and development funds, and huge new health and safety. that nuclear plant construction costs $6 .9 billion taxpayer dollars, for problems . ERDA calculates that to are rising about 15% annually.. Nuc- nuclear power . achieve a full-fledged commercia l lear generated electricity now costs Fuel costs have traditionally been ' breeder will take $10 billion (or ap - about $500ItWe . Plants completed in billed as nuclear power's great ad- proximately 10 times the costs of th e 1985 will cost around $1000-1500KWe . Vantage over fossil-fueled plants . , already vastly expensive Light Wate r The low reliability of nuclear However, uranium costs are soaring . Reactors . ) Plants once they are agtuall3'opera- The price of unenriched uranium has Despite the myths of cheapness the ting causes an additional burden to' gone from $6 to $42 a pound in ten nuclear industry likes to fuel the pub - utility ratepayers. Nuclear plants . years, and continues to rise . Prices lic with, there are signs of real con are shut down about 45% of the may actually go as high as $300/lb . cern . According to Nucleonics Wee k time for repairs due to frequent break- by 1985 . The government has calcu- (11/16/76), the president of Philadel - down of components, or the discov- lated that every $1 .00 increase in phia Electric, a former, staunch sup- ery of major flaws common'to all the price of uranium would add porter, now says that buying nuclea r reactors of a certain design . During $200, NO, 000 to the cost of nuclear power is an act• of faith .

James A. Fitzpatrick, Chairman: NY State private utilitie s NY State Republican Party plat- Raymond J . Lee: Who!s Who form chairman 1958, 60, 62, 66, 70 ; member Board of Directors of son of a former state Senator and In PASNY First Commercial Bank, alon g nephew of former state Supreme with Edmund H . Fallen, Niagara - Court Justice ; life-long friend The Power Authority of the State Mohawk official, and John Haehl , of William Miller, Goldwater'p running mate '64, propolnent of New York (PASNY) was organize d president and chief executive of in in 1931 to develop New York's hydro- Niagara-Mohawk and a director of private utilitieb, and,'sti electric power in the St . Lawrenc e of Empire State Power Resources , er of the Lee family's political river area . At first opposed to th e Inc. (ESPRI) quest$ activities of private utilities ; by William 'Ronan: 1950 its philosophy changed to sup- George L. Ingalls, Vice-chairman : earns- $100,000 per year as an port private nucie'er power. • A look NY State Assembly majority and advisor to the :Rockefeller family; at today'.s trustees will show the in- , minority leader, 1961-'66 . ; chairperson of the NY Port Auth- terlocking interests with Republican member of Binghamton law firm ' ority; interlocks with Marine politics, banks, law firms, etc . which is counsel for Marine Mid - Midland through the Board of land, Utilities Mutual, and Utica . Directors of Continental Copper Mutual Insurance, all three of & Steel whom are heavily involved with -- prepared by Vincent Serravallo and Robert Dockrell

S20 PNL4/77 Energy Alternatives

Alternatives to Nuclear ',Generated Electricity

by Frank Doble n 20 0 N.Y. State Energy Consumptio When Edward II (1284-1327) needed Nuclear 1976 relief from . a toothache, his physi- cian prescribed writing on the jaws 300 of the patient: "In the name of the . Hydro ' Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost , `g s = total energy use Amen." And now perhaps it's time for the high priests of nuclear tech- g energy used for electricity nology to stencil these very word s Coal on the . boilers , emergency core cool- .600 (units .= trillion BTU's) - ing systems, etc . of the planet' s nuclear reactors . Meanwhile people Gas ask, "Where are we going toget electricity ? 53Q 6 250 0

Electricity -•30 % Oil N\\V\\`l

Presently 30% of all our energy is NYS Dept . of Public Service, 1976 . used to generate electricity. Nuclear Adapted from: Enerov Almanac 1960-1980, power contributes only 16% of elec- tricity (5% of total energy) with oil On energy systems a report that . promising with thermal fluid aye and coal the main• sources of elec- looks favprably upon the idea of, terns and photovolteics (solar elec- tric production . Unfortunately these energy plantations . Instead of im tricity) decidedly more expensive and complicated rich resources won't last forever and porting 90% of our energy from out - . . Tidal and geo- coal, though abundant, requires ex - side the state, we can plant hybrid thermal energy are in use in some pensive land reclamation and pollu- -poplars, cut them every 3 years areas but are not likely tobe devel- tion control work . Even worse is the (yield : 8 tons/a re/yeal) 'and fuel oped here . Ocean thermal gradients fact that nearly 70% of theenergy wood burning electricc generating is but one of many possible future used to generate electricity is lost plants .-, Apparently there is .enough sources of energy . land to provide for all of.the state's before we get it and what isn't Cost Considorotion.s lost in transmission is frequently electrical demand . .Again,-the ad- wasted trying to heat shoddily in- vantage. would. be to the smaller, Perhaps you're -thinking, - "Yes , sulated homes and buildings . Waste localized power system which ' these are all very interesting pos- is our biggest problem . makes. use .of secondary .Or "waste " sibilities ,but what are the costs? " The best alternatives for'electric heat, (In nuke. plantsit all. goes.- Frankly, some systems - expecially - generation would use renewable re - into the environment as thermal the technology intensive systems - sources such as wind, wood and pollution . ) are indeed expensive . Reason - falling water . Being forms of solar Wind enough to act quickly on energy con; energy these alternatives are dif- serration . But we. would be making fuse . Thus,- smaller, localized - Wind is not steady but neither i s a big:mistake to think that cost s plants will be needed to make ef- it such a difficult matter to catch it determine policy . 111,f act it is policy fective use of their energy poten- when it does blow . Let's not forget that greatly influences cost . And . tial (to derive maximum net energy). that wind helped power Medieval . considering the subsidies, deple- The diffuse energy of falling rare Europe for. 700 years . And by ad- tion allowances, environmenta l 'can gather force for huge hydro pro - lusting dethand' via time of. day me- costs ("externalities" ;) etc . at work jects, but wood does not collect tering- and working wind in tandem • in nuclear and fossil fuel ystems , itself and when we try to ship wood with other aystems'i we can make. wood and wind look very good in- a long- distance, the economic ad - the most of the. Windier winter deed. vantage over say, coal, tails off . months when demand is. greatest. To sum up, 'a sound, energy pro- Towns and communities stand t o Note: you can hook up a wind elec .- gram for N . Y. State would utilize benefit greatly from this reversa l trio system to your electric meter so the region's renewable resources : o[ ecoNomies of scale . theft-when more electricity-comes-i n sun, wind, water and wood . The than is needed , the. ess goes technology needed to "homes" thes e Wood into the grid , backina the meter resources is already hi existence ; In 1976 the N .Y . State Legisia- down, All we need is cooperation their proper use would-require strict tore received from its commission from the utilities (Public power; conservation, provide the energy we anyone?) need and have a positive effect on Many other alternatives are in employment. Question Frank Doble, a member of the Syracus e operation or under study. Of the : "Can such alterna- Peace Council steering committee, heat s several forms of solar energy, pas- • tives resist co-option .l?y a corpor- • Ida home mostly with wood . - sive solar for space heating is most ate technocracy?" .

r

Euar47 Alt~r~itiws 4/77 PNl,-21S ? .Is Energy Conservation a Real Al va#we"

by Roth Cuplii "Conservation is like ,cholesterol , Organizing fo r they argue' that a.little is good, . but a lot is bad . ' If you oppose nuclear poorer and Energy Conservatio n are unhappy with the environmental Organized labor also strongly Weekend Conference supports: energy growth, In upstate hazards of coal and oil, what d o Sponsored by the Sierra .Club you propose? One answer is renew- New Yoiek.:the building. trades-union s in Colebrook, Conn. see yobs"for an'otherwise'depressed" able energy sources ouch is Bohn- :- Keynote Speaker: Dennis Haye industiy, .in the ;. 'and wind power. These are vital,- s .cotistruction of but they cannot support a growing . of Worldwatch Foundatio n large generating plants . More broadly, organized labor or even stable energy dlipetite . 7 Attempts to burden them With. such October 1-2, 197 has 'fought for higher wages on the `a,task lead's to talk of covering Cost; $35 (lodging and meals ) basis of higher. productivity which Arizona with collectors or making' depends .on cheap "energy and on For more information; machinery.. Lake Ontario into an erector set of The Sierra Club, windmills . The role of energy 3 Joy Street What is being Done ? conservation is essential in devpl 'Boston. Mass. , 02108" . oping a sane energy 'policy for the There`is already legislative future, . , a major conservation measure i s `support -for energy conservation . ENERGY CONSERVATION CAN , co-generation, a method, by which The Energy Conservation and RESULT' IN A 50% SAVINGS IN OUR industrial ,steam is- first used Ito Production. Act of 1976 directs HUD , CURRENT ENERGY CONSUMPTIO N produce +electricity . Co-genera tb establi"sh perforfnance ,standard s WITHOUT CHANGING OUR STANDARD tion is already in-use.in Europa. for new commercial and residential OF LIVING . . You are . skeptical?i It would mean O'major energy .-and • buildings to assure theywill be How is it that Sweden with a cold : dollar- savings to industry here built with the adequate energy climate, a comparable standard of which 'now buys :fossil fuels to • conservation features-. An earlier living and similar per,capita GNP . make process steam and' then buy s Energy Policy and Conservation uses only 60% as much energy per its electricity €rom ttie utilities.; Act provided funding for the devel- capita. as the U .S .?' Because ' In most cases ;.conservation: , opment of :state em.ergy Conservation , "ample insulation, efficient trans- , would allow more nobs to creat~- plans,:some of which are now ready pottation and productive use of ed since energy hats been used as ' for public'review . wasta.heat 'from' electrical goner a substitbte. for humaii ..labor . In Meanwhile an environmental ation are already a way ,of life in the construction industry more ::` coalition in the Pacific Northwes t Sweden," responds Dennis Hayes than half. the cement used could .has taken, a much more comprehen- of the World Watch Foundation, 2 be saved.by employing more and sive approach . They have gotten Such savings are possible for the better labor to 'mil*. and '.plaCer:the. .. ,ERDA funding for a study showing U.S . as well. Studies such as cement correctly, :according .to' that six'proposed generating plants . a,recent suriiby by, the American Richi,rd Stein, Chairman.-of+the NY` • for the' region. (3 nukes and 3 coal) Physical Society show that the U .S. Board of Architecture . , Jn a year . .are not needed. The study-detail s could double its energy efficiency : this would save as'much electricity an alternative scenario in which using.existingtechnlogy Without as three large nuclear plants woul d Insulation and other-energy saving anylose in'wealth .. produce . . rs t - measures along with encouragement ! a In A Time to. Choose, the Energy Even• today energy does• not equal of labor=intensive enterprises in ; -a _policy Project of'the Ford Found..., lobs . Energy producing industrie s the-region would make the new argues that by imposing a are tliemselves'tlte yroorO''t source out is unneci'ssarp 4 The Bevel- 15% tax on energy .and by spending of jobs . Furtheri the top:1S energy opment of:such. data relating to a'. . the revenues on low energy activ- " consuming industries use 45% of all ' specific region which can be app- 'ties such as health care and edu- energy used 'for 'nanufacturing; lied tO, R utility's territory is an '. nation, our economy could move to but employonlyt,1 %. of the'current 'important milestone in implement- zero energy ;growth with no notice-, work 'force . While total employ ing energy conservation . able adverse' economic effects meet has ' increased'41% over the .' (and just maybe a;higher leitei' of%'' last two:dec ldesr'total. emptoplaiant z: - •-h . xl in these>industriee'bbs 'anot: dkaaged ;i ` .: Schlpper', Lee and Allan J. Lichtenberg, i,, social welfare)' . ' r There is-widespread fear that . .'• : oppo iirion ., ."Efficient Energy Use and Well-being : less energy means less jobs . gut . :The Swedish Example, " Science, Who advocates'growth? . Nfost~ dec. 3, 1976,-,.p. 1001 ff. Ruth Caplan'was involved: in' Ecology'. important are tt energy industrie s Hayes, . Dennis, "Energy: The Case Action of Oswego's Intervention in . themselves`. Hayes. puts it well , for Conservation", Worldwatch Paper #4 , Nine Mile2 NuClear Plant hearings , "The company for whom a dolla r January; 1976, p. 56. where energy .conservation wa5 .pro - burned is' a dollar ; is gener posed as an alternative to nuclear . . earned 8 Hayes, p. 8 ally unenthusiastic about 'returned power. Now she is helping plan the Sierra Club, National New Report, Sierra Club regional conference o n merchandise"'S A recent : Mobil a d February 25, 1977 . energy conservation . (Sae box .) is an excellent ekafnple . In

S22 '►Ni 4/77 horn Altamah a Yes, Bat What AboutiObs?

by JEANNE FUDALA

Perhaps the most dangerous and div- producedin the . United\ States is isive Myth about the supposed need wasted. The Ford Foundation Energy for nuclear power is that it .will pro- Policy Project concluded that the vide a great number of jobs, and United States could reduce its overall that, in fact, without a vast, growth - energy growth rate ,without reducing in overall energy production, lowered the nation's standard of living. For living standards and rampant unem- example, the per capita energy use in ployment will result . The fact is , four countries--West Germany, Sweden , however. that the energy producing Denmark andtSwitzerla' nd--is only half industries; especially nuclear power., that of the US, but their per capita are the most capital-intensive and gross national products : (GNP) are least labor-intensive in the US econ- slightly higher . Thus, there is not a . omy . The Worldwetch Institute, in correlation between the amount of a report to the Federal Energy Admin energy consumed and'the quality of istration (PEA) . supports this conclu- life. Conservation means not aus- sion, while also pointing out that terity, but efficiency ! ing with the, global energy situation , the energy industries drain ahuge There is also not a correlation be- cogeneration Coupled with more., age amount of energy is order to produce tween energy growth and jobs . The cient use of electricity could: reduce energy . States Woridwatch, "Though Ford Foundation Project found that a our.total national use of electricity fuels and electricity are the mos t reduction ,from the historical energy :30%, and our central station genera- energy-intensive goods in the econ- growth rate of 3 .3%' to a 2% annual tion 60% . Thiele equal to the amount omy, the fuel industries .end electri- growth rate would actually result" i n of energy that. nuclear power was ex cal companiesprovide very lithe a slight 1 .5% boost in employment and, petted to be able .to. proVide by the a zero growth rate would cause a 3 .3% employment per dollar of, goods ;year 2000. Additio► sly it is now re,- produced ; . .Capital diverted from, jobs increase . As physicist Lee that. ttized Nuclear, power will nuclear reactors, coal and petroleum Schipper or the Lawrence Lab at Ber- generate nowhere near that amount refineries will produce more long- keley observes,. ;"Greater employment because it has become :: such . an econ tern employment if invested in al- results .from more workers (being] Comic boondoggle that orders for . most any other enterprise . " needed to build and 'Kurt a more'soph ti react'ors, and reactor, construction .. An analysis done by the Lawrence isticated [efficient) energy' industry have been delayed or cancelled . Berkeley Laboratory for the, Energy and more labor needed to make well - Thus, .'effeS,Op.energy in,all sectors Research .& Development Administra- designed, insulated buildings nd pf the economy,cap'guarantee us the homes, efficient appliances and tion. (ERDA), specifically concluded " energywe teed to run our industries that "a dollar: spent on electricity autos, and mass transit, and provide, jobs without necessitat The energy industry is attempting produced fewer jobs than,almost any► ing the, use of, nuclear power, eve other option ." It takes seven times to use the natural gas crisis , as an . n. 'should other fuel shortages 'occur the monetary investment to create a excuse to hype nuclear power (des - And, in fact, It is the supply of job in the electric utility. industry as pite the .fact that evidence points o ur~gaiutn which is acttariyr,closet to it does for manufacturingA . Profes- a shortage deliberately created by epletion--at least at economically sor Henry Kend 11 of,tLte~ Union of ' them) . The point .does arise, though , =recoverable rates=thtitt fossil fuel s Concerned Scientists observed that that a supply of; energy is necessa y ' (coal,, oil, ;gas): ,Atlepettdency on while electricity requires 15% of to run the factories .that supply jobs ntiiciear"fuel iloti ld' adtaetlly prove" to the nation But here again, efficiency can con- •be theworst crippler of factori~s- 's ,capital, it provides only , 2% of the jobs ., tribute a great.deal to keeping fac- land jobs . . *! tories adequately supplied, and at . While enerrg~yY-savintr 'Methods will ' Energy conservation, contrary to the same time, make them far les s keep the .levels' of esiployMent at popular supposition, is actually a vulnerable to being crippled by tem- ;keep higher levels than will the ' source of energy because the pro- porary ",shortages" and the long term constriction of note 'g efPating Main- cess of reducing energy waste extracts; real reduction in the available fuel !ties, the accelerated use of alternate more energy from each barrel .or kilo- supply. Industry has at_ its unique. energy technologies,,each'as solar watt . ; .Therefore, extensive conserva, disposal a method of supplying half 'and wind energy generation, can sig- tion will not cause economic ouster - of its own. electrical needs by 1985, nificantly increase the Levels of em- •ity and unemployment, as many, in through :a,process.called "cogenera- Ployhnent . In May, 1976, Skip Leitner the energy industry would have u s tion " . :This la. the generation of elec .. la Ralph Nader's Publi itizen, pre-' : believe. According to the Worldwa,ich , tricity using the'!prade steam nor- sented _a reportld employ,. , port to the FEA, over half the energy. mealy produced iii th 'tlidtistries . . meat to the Conference nergy According to phiyCs)cf st 1mory bovine, E, Efficiency in Washingtq D . feanne Fudala is an active member of .EcOi .0 ,ogyAction of Tompkins County. author of several. incisive books deal-4Laitner's study, lmsSo tin' PEA Project

E.er y Alterlsrltlr.s 4/77 PNl 33; . Energy Appropriate Technolog y

by orals Li.tagstea health and environmental concerns , it would still be unsuitable on other grounds,- it is highly capital inten- d Stimulated by the writings of Independence report figures, showe E .F . Schumacher and others, great sive, does not stimulate conserva- that the solar technologies--heatin g interest has 'arisen in recent years tionor simpler life styles, and i s and cooling, bioconversion, wind- politically inaccessible to local cells-shad , around the subject of the most appro- power and photovoltaic the priate fit between a given scale of decision-making (in 'normal' circum - potential to generate 2 .5 tithes as stances) . Nuclear power , thus , r technology and the particular envir- many jobs by the ,year ZOOO7 s nuclea onment in which it is to operate. enhances greater dependence by power is exPected to . While the prevailing assumption dur - individuals and communities on Even compared'with .ma'i-fired ing the past several centuries of . sources of energy not subject to plants, nuclear power : n'a poor gen- industrialization in the West ha s their control or' understanding , erator of jobs . Public Citizen,, in been that progress and efficiency ar e while strengthening prevailing pol - another study, found that the total co-equal with increasing the siz e itical and economic institutions . labor requirements for the lifetime o f and complexity of technology, th e Clearly, AT does not involve a 1000 Megawatt-electrical (MWe) appropriate technology (AT) movement technology alone, but a vision of coal plant would be 40% higher tha n challenges this linear perspective . an alternative society built ., in, part, for the same sized nuclear plant .' Proponents of AT also emphasize that around a participatory , democratic A report repared for Assemblyman no technology is inherently neutral ; technology . This vision, in turn , Dan Haley in 1976, when he was - but must 'be based on explicit valu e informs technological choices mad e Chairman of the Legislative Committee judgments regarding its contribution in the present . In terms of energy, - to a preferred quality of life . production, technological candidate s on Energy Systems, 'analyzed the com appropriate to decentralist goals parative etnployment'potential o f Q,oeentralitatio n would include iocal/regionai form s New .` various energy sources In York of hydroelectric, methane, wood al- State . The job-creating possibilitie s Knowing how to judge the appropri - of conservation and tip_o:alternate ateness of technology is not easy . cohol, solar and wind power . As energy sources, wind atid 'wood, were There is no single, standard defini- AmoryLovins has pointed out, thes e found to be two-to-Siic'times that o f tion, but AT literature commonly technologies tend to promote expand= nuclear or coal generation . Harvest- stresses that human survival with ' ing- social solution-to problems, ing wood for energy was"feund to have dignity is best promoted through a instead of requiring additional tech- the best potential ot-aill, 70-80, 000 technology that enhances diversity , nology to cope with problems which worker years per 1000M*e of power, autonomy, self-reliance - in short , ,they generate (the case with nuclea r tithes u' niany jobs a s a decentralist and decentralizing plants) . An example of a solution- or four to six s generating technology is 'the produc- nuclear and coalsf11e i cants . Con- technology . Such technology can b e up identified according to a' spectrum of tion of methane gas fro,n agricultura l servation technique's cdultl provide and urban wastes, which serves to to three-times did jiiinymenit in the - criteria of appropriateness, including , or`ibi'e ` Capital costs use of renewable sources of energy prevent pollution, produce fertilizer, State at equal" , stim- far iss'energy costs, In production and operation , maximu m integrate city and county, and ; f , and, of course ulate local sources of income . than nuclear or 'c a1 isrieraition. utilization of local resources, manu- ' i facture undertaken in proximity to Thus, nuclear ip ner, ,iii,addition tog , points of consumption ; use of labor= its extraordinary halb,hazards, is intensive means of production, 'leffi- alsd a hazard to :soRic.well-being ciency under local economies of Nuclear power,esi l tt benefit em- scale, benign impact with local ployment ; it ia,,apt.e eusive, ; wastefulr-. ecosystems at points of application , and dangerous,,iorm of;anergy genera While it' may seem paradoxical,,,, ; and comprehensibity to those wh o tion that actually provides, very few use it . In general,-AT is, "fit" for there. is growing interest in AT at,ttt e jobs'. Its overall l pg-rapge effect•- .; a relatively steady .-state, conserver national level . Given the obviou s will be to reduce,atr' ployment'whil e society. dangers of ceoptation and red tape ... causing an inoraasq'ie-the cost of The relevance of this approach those interested in alternative living through, *Ant; amain contribu- to the nuclear power' debate is Ob sources Should still note the forma- tor to rising electric-utility rates . 3;1 vious - by virtually all the criteria, tion last fall' Of a National Center Nuclear power,,,ther,efore, is a hrbat,; nuclear plants are inappropriate . for Appropriate 'technology by th e to both our health_ fasid. that of many, ;,,- It is important to note that even i f Community Services Administration future generati,onsIrsnd, to our liveif , r,, nuclear power were judged to be oriented to lowering energy cost s hoods . reasonably safe , iti terms of public for low-income neighborhoods an d ' ild[, plans for a small grant program I n Dennis Livingston teaches in the Dc part - - ment of History and Political Science at AT'-'by, ERDA .` . Both programs are soh Rensselaer Polytec1.1c I' itufe' (T.rey) :" sitive to stftnulat.ing R&D art-l'i'a r; He ih 'also a meipi of•the New England subject .without the usual a .. - Apprdpri..itc• Toohneioey *tared:. cr.~tic controls .

N.

S24 PNl 4/77 Paid Adoertisa.eat KoKESHr CDkLiii , 260 LARK STREET,' ALBANY, N .Y . 12210- + (518) 449 .-744 4 Belle Sondeon, Chairperson Denise Yosag,. Co-ordiowtor DID YOU KNOW THAT . . . -- residential rates for electricity more than doubling since 1970 is NO ACCIDENT? -- PASNY "terrorizng" the PSG into letting them proceed v th work on the 765 kv line in the North Country isn' t an accident either? -- "765's" aren't just planned for the North Country ? -- "765's" and nuclear power are obviously. inter-related ? -- Oswego, Jamesport, Sterling, Cementon and other communities have something in Common nuclear power, in operation or proposed ? IT ISN'T ANY ACCIDENT THAT THE HIGH .-PAID EXECUTIVES OF THE UTILITIES CONTINUE TO FLEX THEIR CORPORATE MUSCLE, DISREGARDING THE NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF THE ORDINARY PEOPLE OF NEW YORK STATE ! The PEOPLES POWER COALITION of New York believes that the concentrated power of the corperete utility must be replaced by a DECENTRALIZED, DEMOCRATICALLY-CONTROLLED energy system. Local and regional member organizations of the PPC (throughout N.Y.) believe we must join together at the grassroots level to develop an adequate supply of safe and clean energy, produced and distributed equitably, and to guarantee the conservation of our natural resources . We believe that we must educate ourselves and others to ensure community/worker control-over our power sys - tem and resources . Field staff are available to provide assistance in your area : Western New York/Buffalo Smith Central New York North CoRatr Peggy Murray Gene Wolosayn Clyde Morse, UPSET P.O. Box 276 43 Endicott Ave : P .O . Box 57 1 Wilson, N.Y. 14094 Johnson City,. N.Y. 13790 Canton, N.Y. 1361? (716) 751-9873 (607) 798-0633 (315) 379-649 4 ,Western New York/Rochester Mid-Central New-York Now York City/Motto Ares Fran Weisberg Bob Tompkins Susan Redes & Riotitird`Schrader 554 S. Goodman St . Bell Ave. 134 E. Mosholu Pkwy.,S .Y. 14607 Fair Haven, N .Y 13064 Bronx, N.Y . . Rochester, N (716) 442-0355 (315) '947-5954 (212) 298-7622 If you would like further information on the Peoples Power Coalition, how to join, how we can workwith you, where you can get information on issues of concern to you or your group, or if you would like a speaker to addreee,e particula r utlity/energy subject, we will try to help out. Please contact one of the field organizers listed above1 .;oa3Menise at our Albany office, or fill out the form below and send it in to us ------Nail to : Peoples Power Coalition 260 Lark Street, Albany, N .Y. 1221 0 Name Organization

Address Phone (Street) (Town/City) ' (State) . (Zip ;Code) : (Anee'Coder Areas of interestto you : Public Power Nuclear Power Lifeline Altersdtve Sources PASIV~' _F. +' F -'--t-offs/Deposits *765 kv transmission lines Other ;__.J :>us e c :. .Do you wish; to. be put on ou 'mailing list ? for a. speaker .? .If so, e 1'h-a specifics . Do you want us to arrange: p up? Do you want one of our field staff to contact you or

Attie ttrat.gi.s 4/77 PNL 2S S Nuclear Power & Utilities Organizing . . {

lob ,K.kk..y.r That this strategy has begun to necessary growth as are the private be successful, can be seen by the utilities . They can be, therefore , PASNY & the investor owne d fact that the utilities have .develop- opposed to nuclear power and in utilities plan to construct fiftee n ed a new plan designed to remove favor of alternative energy source s new nuclear power plants in New any restraints imposed by regulation such as solar and wind power. The York State by the year 2000 . By . by the PSC This plan is called public power system in Sunnyvale , 1985 alone they plan to have 7 to 8 ESPRI,. Empire State Power Resources , California has established a com- panion municipal solar system to plants operating along 200 miles of INC . ESPRI . as proposed by the Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River utilities, would be a separate com- help citizens and businesses in shoreline . The estimated cost o f pany, wholly owned by the utilities , Sunnyvale build and operate sola r .constructing just the additional 15 which would own all the new gener- power systems . plants is approximately 26 billion. ating plants in the state. ESPRI The second aspect of public . To raise these enormous amount s would produce power and then sell power systems that makes-them use- of money, stockholders, bankers and if to the utilities who would then ful in the fight against nuclear power utility executives .must be assured a resell It to consumers . The key to is the fact that they are locally con - friendly reception rat the Public,Ser- the ESPRI plan is that any and al l trolled. If the citizens of the muni- vice Commission (PSC) . This friend- increased costs to ESPRI would b e cipailty decide that they do not wan t passed along to the utilities and the public power system to develop ly reception would assure a steady n flow of profits for, the "big guys" and, then to consumers immediately, with - a nuclear power plant, they ca for the common out any rate hearings . This is simi - pressure the system not to do so. higher electric bills lar to the fuel adjustment clause s An example of this happened in folk . In other words, the economic c currently used by utilities . In effect Seattle, Washington' last year. connection between higher electri ESPRI would not be subject to any Rural and urban folks are increas- bills and the development of nuke s regulation at all . ingly coming to the realization that is clear. At present 6 of the 7 elec.- utility bills are sky rocketing, nukes trio utilities in the state are before and 765KV lines are proliferating pre- the PSC seeking rate increases for cisely because we have little or no this reason . Obviously,, the edu- democratic control over the genera- cations]; and organizinq•task of all tion, transmission and distribution anti-utility organizations in this of electric energy. state is to spell out this economic Nuclear power plants are not con- reality and turn it into an anti- sidered safe for urban areas-thu s utility political reality, . they are constructed on rural turf . Stetting thus , fromthis .basic Local PPC member organization s Rural people instinctively make th e political and strategic insight the are also moving on the municipaliza - point "if they are too dangerous for People's Power Coalition (PPC} has tion strategies to both lower electri c Rochester, Syracuse, and Buffalo , successfully built'a broad-based rates and prevent the development o f then they. are too dangerous for us" . organization comprised of both urban newt nukes and new lines . Nuclear power may destroy the ver y and rural •orgard fn ; and united. Member' organizations of the nature of rural life. In addition, around the fcdlo±Mli goals : Pedple's Power Coalition are current- nucle 'taste and garbage is trans - A. Conservetidq•oo naturalre - - W. active in several PSC proceedings , ported. . ough urban areas . Eience sources to. ensure in adequate supply*. where they are attempting to prove the potential exists, not s .l.y to for future generations ; that the utilities are earning enoug h build an anti.-nuclear strug :.mong • B. Development of safe and clean money already and should not be _ . urban and rural folks, but also ,c, .alternative eeergy'sources .; granted increases . In addition, they unite urban and rural folks arc' l . . C. Developmentof affordable:. are raising legal, . economic and poli- gut economic and political realitie s utility rates ,including : equitable. rate tical arguments against CWIP (Con- which go to the heart of our common structures; striction Works is -Progress) .: In! problem. D. Development of alternative years` past the utilities were only Member organizations in the PPC methods of production, transmission , allowed to earn a 'return' (rea d recognize that the investor-owned and distribution of power and energy 'profit') on the amount of-generating , utilities and PASNY are well united to ,ensure community .worker control , 'transmission and . distribution plant and organized on a state-wide basis In practical terms these state- they owned which was already buil t Consequently, isolated, localized ments, of principles Mean that the and operational. .Now, however, . action alone-particularly if it focus- PPC and its lien sr,..organizatior►a 'they wa nt the PSC to allow them a es on only. one part of the utilitie r throughout the State' ere.opposed to ., return(prbfit) on plant that is not issue-is no match for them . the use of nuclear"power and are yet completed too . The Peoples Power Coalition active in struggle ; on many :fronts.. Differences in the goals and unites urban and rural organizationz against it. ,financial Incentives of public powe r statewide .around -the Iong-range Bob Knickmeyer is a member of Citizens 'systems and private utilities mean qoat of asgizrning democratic control Concerned About Sterling, a member group that the public systems are not as over the ge•.ierat:icn, distribution , of the People's Power Coalition._ committed to unreasonable and un- and transm.ssion or. electrical en r y .

.,:...orgy

S26 PNl 4/77 Action Str~tli.1i Legislators Face begin within the next five years sembly committees, before bein g Therefore, it is important for the killed in the Assembly Ways and Nuclear Power State Legislature to pause and exam- Means Committee . New York citizens ine the nuclear power option now, must become active in writing or before we become overly committed to calling their legislators if there is to by Petri Nedsea this energy source . be any movement on nuclear legisla- Issues The major nuclear legislation pre- tion in this legislative session . sently pending in the State Legisla - Most 'present public opinion polls, New Yorkers, as well as other Ameri- ture is known as the Nuclear Respon- which-State legislators watch very cans, are facing an enormously im- sibility Act (A5935) sponsored by closely,indicate that the nuclear portant decision: Should the state Assemblypersons Oliver Koppell power issue is one that splits the ' become dependent on nuclear power (D-Manhattan) and Irwin Landes electorate down'the middle . Approxi- for its electricity? The decision is (D-Long Island) . This legislation mately SO% favdr nuclear power, and crucial because nuclear power poses would require ,the State Siting Board to approximately 50% of the voters grave risks, both environmental and rule that five major safety and econo- oppose it. economic . Scientists and engineers mic questions associated with nuclear At the federal level, several nuclear disagree on whether nuclear power power plants have been satisfactorily bills are pending before the Congress . plants are safe . The power plant resolved before any more such plants The most important- and far-reaching manufacturers and the utilities say are built . Specifically, the Board is being. sponsored by Congressper- not to worry, but serious problems would be required to find that apro-sons Fish and .Pattison of New York. keep mounting With no solutions in posed nuclear plant : Known as the Nuclear Energy Reap- ` sight . The agency of the government . (1) has emergency cooling system? praisal Act (HR8"153), this legislation with ultimate power to. stop or con- that have been successfully ' would place a five-year moratorium trol nuclear power'is the Congress of tested; on nuclear power plants until certain the United States . But efforts are (2) has demonstrated procedures and safety and waste Storage problem s also underway at the state level t o facilities for the disposal and re- can be studied and resolved . question seriously and perhaps limit processing of radioactive wastes Another bill-Sponsored by Congress - the growth of nuclear power plants i n .has an assured source of uranium person Morris Tidal F!R4866 and 4867 ) New York . The state is involved for, fuel at a reasonable .price; would allow statuetto disapprove a' two reasons . First, the state has has waived statutory liability bid for power plants bn a state-by- primary jurisdiction over electric limits for damages to life and state basis . Hearings,on all these " utilities . The State of New York , property arising out of a nuclear bills will probably be'held 'this April. through the Public Service Commis- accident at the proposed facility; Of particular cern'to New Yorkers sion, regulates the rates that elec- has an effective plan for the. em- is legislation'beintg' sponsored by tric utilities can charge . Through th e ergency evacuation of residents Representative Carr of Michigan state's Siting Board, decisions are - in the surrounding area in case of (HR26757' which ~( d'require notifi - made on where and whether nuclea r - an accident. ' cation of Statd'tegislatures before ' power plants will be required-. The This legislation, which was' drafted _ Site 'selection of ei(iertdanent disposa l State Legislature •enacts the law s and supported by the Safe Enemy C-0- ground for radlaitt ire wastes can which control this process and, alition of New York State, is concern- begin , The federal` emment is therefore-, has a large say, if not the ed with the spread of nuclear power drilling this eptti ''Int a permanent`` ' ultimate' dam-Mining power as to . The bill is un- in New York'State rong-as burial site' for rtictibaOtive wastes whether additional nuclear power doubtedly not as st ten states . 'lt'evr'bik' is one of those plant's will be built In 'New York State. ponents of nuclear power would like. states.. "Fine*siiegisiation by The electric utilities' and'the Powe r It does not provide for an outright ' Reprsenteiivre'Pt'i6alHRl8) would ' Authority of the State of New York moratorium .on the construction of .ad- mandate 3 Speed u 'in`the licensing (PASNY), which seek to build thirtee n ditioial' nuclear power plants:- f.iiow process for mid** i er plants , additional nuclear power plants in ever,' it' seems likely-that if the bill eft would prolSti y r+ siylt in 'a large ` the 'state 'over the neat decade, have is' enacted," it will require at least a indrease in the`'tidlletrtiction of nuclear proposed,that the state -become de facto moratorium on nuclear oat- power plants . ` ' Y largely dependent' On nuclear power structlon for -several years. The bill Finally, on thef` I rat' legislative for' electricity. Planning and con!- has also net addressed the problem of -- -front ; CongressparaOn'Ryan (D-Calif .), struction OE most of these plants will existing nuclear-plants and other , inns' rec&t tly OtilicI d'hearings on facilities . The` bill- ie nevertheleeP•> what should` bd•diiith the radio- .Paul Hudson, Energy Coordinator and strongly- opposed by both-the- utilities -wive wastes yiferenfly being ;►tiii Attorney for New York Public In - and the building and construction stored 'ht West`Vllep`i tN .y. The t!,rest Research Group, Inc . (N$PMG) trade unions, which see nuclear-plant estimated°costif ng.up these . o` efi and the Public Utility Law Project . construction as a^major source of "'if. wastes has, ranqedeAcw. $100 to $ 1 (PULP), has been involved' in drafting Construction jobs'.' Last- year, similar ail lcn. ,~;ly; .; and lobbying far legislations affecting legislation Moat several favorable .rzucl.ear.power for three Years, . but. narrow yQtes of approval in'As-'" ..__ .._ _. ~__ .. .

brt 'RSi~tt1 dure has a Judicial ambiance, but an NR9 ' intervenor 'without a 'lawyer can manage "Intervene: To come in or between" by fairly well, especially with technica l How to intervene: You must wax of hindrance or modification . . ." help from PSC and DEC lawyers, which meet certain standards showin g Webster is available. The examiners submit you ireVe .an "interest" in the their. recommendations to the Sitin g An intervenor in a nuclear power. question . Generally, you can Board, which decides whether to grant qualify by showing that you plant application proceeding can a certificate . . hope for little more than to hinder are- a local group interested in - the utility in its inevitable progress protecting the environment and toward .approval, or to force modi- Article VIII that you have members living fication of the applicant's plans .. .. close to the proposed site. e ` Stop the plant? . It hasn't happened How to intervene: Write .to You can get a sample of th yet . Instead, sucoeesful . interve- the secretary, Public Service` affidavit you must file from nors.have merely made it more Commission, Empire State .Plaza another intervenor ; such as difficult for regulatory agencies to Albany, 12223 Ecology Action o€. Oswego, grant licenses . Box 94, Oswego, NY 13126 . Still, intervention is a,useful You will receive: Environ- You will receive: 'Article VIII mental Report, Preliminar y weapon . An intervenor-has privi- application by utility, written leges of discovery and across exam Safety Analysis Report, and, testimony. Your rights : in time, Draft Environmenta !nation that can force a. utility to "Discovery" (the utility must l disclose damaging information . Report, final Environmental furnish. relevant supplemental - Report, and written testimony .Intervention' also lengthens the, information and records you ask application process, and delay is on your contentions . bit) , 'cross examination, present- Your rights : Discovery, cross always helpful. :,Intervenors ca n ation of testimony, submission force regulatory agencies. to be more of your arguments'against the . examination, presentation of honest in their review . of an apply- testimony, (only in the area of plant. Responsibilities: `You your contentions) and submis- cation than they would: be if they Must be .prepared to read several didn't have to decal with outsiders. sion of arguments to the Atomic large volumes of data, testimony Safety and Licensing Board . Perhaps most important to :inter- of as many as `20 witnesses .. vene, particularly in ; Nuclear Reg- Responsibilities: You must Hearings are usually held during ' present a set of contentions . ulatory Commission - roceedings, is Working hours . Preparation of to give the utility light Hearings are held during workin g e.green ; cross examination can take more hours and take hours of prepar- • not even the .most Perf upctcry-hearing . time then tire lheerings . . Is required with,no intervenors in the ation . You must be present cont- inuously because, given the fact picture. , In New York $tote , a group or that only you are opposing the individual can intervene in two kinds The other area available to New application, only you have any of proceedings connected with auclear York State intervenors, is the Federal cross-examination. power plant 4Piioatien+tk One is the licensing process before the Nuclear, Regulatory Commission . Federal law state's siting,, called - An intervenor with an attorney is Article VIII . All,ppwer plants must , requires. the NAG. to determine at,a nuclear plant is safe ,e nd; to eatamine almost always in a stronger position receive a "Certificate of environ- than one without a .lawyer , even mental compatibility, and public need" the enllronpaenta%, impact$ of ti e: ,. , Pl art ,Unlike the . state board,, the:', though the regulators often are leni- from a special -,snipe board made 'Op ;of, ► . ,At Syracuse Univ- state officials:etapcl , NRC,fip choose the ent with lay people .impact, just ersity College of Law, a clinic staffed (pntative from-,fh};area where ,the ., " nimurn" adverse by law school students studying envir- plant is proposed ts~..bel, The boetcf,; .consider; the environment : . . .The NRC bearings are. generally 'onmjentaiAaw and Supervised 'by Prof. must find that .he,,PLent will :have, rd Goldsmith may be able to help . minimum sdversa,envirgnmentai Ater. mere formal:than'.the :stete proceed-; Richa pact," considering the alternatives=, ingsh the_Commissi l doesn't have: , Another source of strength for artings are conducted much experience.with ,lawyerlesa. . vs11gr8; is,political . action Article V$I-hee eting or even, by an epremhi r;;frq.thePublic Service -:intervenors . Also, ti a NRC staff,. .,, demonstratipus.,. Pigk Commission .and ap}-asecciats examiner which,is a party.-at:tire hearing;: has ,iust,ettendance,aa the heerinW, free the Depart;npa;,pf.Environmental already; decided by that time that the by opponents of the plant . It helps to . Conservation, , . PSC and the JAG - plant is a great idea,-so,the agency - ,poiiv3'ace }ie.l .`az fI e s t th4t. ;.. is your adversary,:-along with theca public opposition Ia goin g, . o bar y the are also ''parties<",talong with,interrI . venom. in tae hermings). 'The, power lapplic.ant. F1~ally, •the NRC~ proved- u#il4ty in your cpmmunity . ure;require-s the iaetervenaor.tp specify Aboyy .all, the intervenor his, Sue Reinert intetave ,red in hearings issues where he wishes; to-,argue, 444, rto,tl1t w im11U1k, . ; regarding the Nine Mile 2 plant on ' and his entire, part dpation,is limited five, time.4 pn ;unusually large behalf of Zoology Action of Oswego . tolerance for frustration .,

S3a PNL 4/71 Actiaa Skr.tigirs People Rower Against PASNIf Wire r

by Brian Garda* which expose the injusticd of its actions . Ill the North :Country of New 'Non-violent actions also com - York-State, there has developed a municate ideas better than violent pattern of smallpeaceful acts of,resis- actions . The media is deprived of a n tance against the efforts of the an easy way to package-and-sell .: Power Authority of the State of New • a story, and is more likely to loo k York to build d 7.65,000 volt tran s into the issues involved . .The rea mission line . A farmer will stand sons behind the resistance have the n on the access to his land, sometimes a better chance of getting through alone, sometimes with other tests-. - - to the public . tars . Sympathizers gather nearby The anti-765Kv movement is an with picket signs . The construction example of this process. In a ;crews stand by waiting . The protes- Sparsely-populated rural area , ters seek to engage them in friendly remote from the,oenters bf power conversation, explaining why the and largely ignored by the media , huge power line would be' dangerous determined groups of protesters to people and the environment . The have managed to slow down toe Power Authority's attorney comes operations of a : powerful agency along and advises the resisters that which has all the forces of .govern- ' they are-violating a court injunction ; ment at its disposal . The methods against obstruction. The resisters used have won widespread medi stay where they are. Atruck is attentien and increased public-supa - brought up, a PASNY photographer Jane Standing. Still (from the Akivesasee port. A protest march held on / - takes _a picture of the people`block-- ; Mohawk'Nation) defends an elm-tree o n, March 12 in St. 'Lawre'nce County ing its passage, and the vehicle:is the Barge farm in Ft . Covingto[l ..againat a attracted close :tee thousand sup backed away . A process serve r - chain saw carried-by an_employee of Tre e porters, almost,double the number hands copies of the court injunction Preservation, Inc ., a PASNY subcontractor {Jan . 6,' 19.77) who participated in a similar march to the protesters. More time passe s photo by Doug Jone s last October. Sometimes the work crews move to tern wilt. be loud enough. ta .worry Direct actioens by-only a few another site where no one is block- 'committed,: people -with whom .the . - ing their access, and -later that the people who .make the rules . . . Dirvct:eotions ip=`anvinonmental -public can: sympathize can rally night,- or.-the .next day, , or ,a few support 'for 6rtvfrehinenta3' mpaigns days later, the people, who 'blocke causee'are aimed et, pritventing the ' - . ecological damage"which would r e The intent of Cnvironmental direct the right-of,-way are served with . Threats . to the env- orders to show-cause. why they sult'frp3ri the ectivit3eB 'of interest'' action is clear groups. oAerating under government ironment must' be q strutted until- should not be held in contempt of opposition to'"them becomes stron -court . At other times, -the agents sa actions. Irrthe- cats-6f the 76&Kv '. ° " g: of-the .Povger Authprityeall in 'th e line, the sanction was given befor enough;to cause .the once-solid . ground:of public oomplacency,to county sheriff- to .-remove the protes- the peopleo..'be affected were_ftiily " " informed about* at was to happen ,, .shake` beneath the feet of the. law- tors,- who are then taken -before a makers justice of the peace and Charged . '- inthe area where they lived: One . Only when the.legislatoil With trespassing . Inter, the' ' far mat' did notknow that the line wa s find their own . ,po itiopa. threatened crossing. -his land urltil'surveyors ` will. they begin to pay attention to . ' "trespassers" are also served-with public, interests ovgr show-cause orders. A few weeks' showed-up ion his property two year s ; spacial interests. later, a judge sends them to jail after the statehad :cLer}el approva l Kowarlhonten . far,-contempt of-court . _ for conto action .-When the. law ° .Kowaontarti; 3 -S neca woman operates this way, the• resistor's',to w^ho wa"s'-ailed for. } ere oppositio n -Voices of Protest gpfVerprient actions have only ti to'the 765'Kv line, told the judge choice . between cpnbeding .defeet Non-violent direct actions of this' - -,who ,sentenced t~iat!', . going beyond the laW to putsue their, ' f am stronger th,a yyou. I have nature have held up work on the .76Skv cease. ~; line for periods ranging from a few nevertcaged a, hying thing, I Tiave hours to a week : Each-action Envirorundhtai:activists must be -harmed no one, whereas you are which delays construction is important committed to non. violenge ee -the , , R - , responsible for condoning this for it not ,only attracts public support, ' most-effective 'nteaas to obtain'their _ atrocity. Your atrocity has no ex- but`givesthat support more time'to -goals .- Violence is game where_ cuses, no mitigating arguments. .: 'ow until the voices of the protes- , the•goverrime -,mekps. the rules'and Because I sin stronger than you, the holds all the best cards . Non.-violent e t 'rightness of my actions Will bring diinri'G.ai'dam is a member of the North resistance works-otitside these, r~tes, , infamy upon-you . .,.I am- Indian, " Ceuintly'Iefense Committee, Which is -arid it succeeds-beaause the 'govern- proud and free-born. And in the end, based in Potsdam, St. LaWrence Penney ..: -'merit.. ,. .oaa, .only.. _. .reehond .... . > in wa'ys ; . I will win. "

Ad011 R.so.rc .s 4/77 PMLf *Olsen, McKinley, Unacceptable Risk, Bantam Books, N . Y. , 1976. Resource s ( see review on page 31) Young, Louise B . , Power OverPeo- .Geoffrey and Peter Harper , ple; Oxford U. Press; N.Y.., 1974, . *Boyle, Books/ eds . , Radical Technology Pantheon, $3 .50, (paperback); in-depth study of hazards of 765kV lines and story Articles/Films/ 1976, $5, 95 (paperback); covers Blueprints both machinery/technical method s of struggle of Ohio citizens against / its construction. Plans/Posters / and political/social structures,. Bumper stick- Brown, P. and S. Egemeier, eds. , Other Publication's Nuclear Power in the Hudson Valley: ers/ T-shirts/ c- *All Atomic Comics by Leonard Alfas , Lapel pins Its Impact on You, Mid-Hudson'Nu 750/ea . from EARS; an educational com - leer Opponents; Highland, N .Y. ; Free catalog ic book on the problems plaguing the 1976, (paperback), $1 .50. nuclear industry . Commoner, Barry, The Poverty of *indicates "Energy and Employment in New York listed item Power: Energy and the Economic C State, " by Dan Haley, May 3, 1976 ; available Crisis (Knopf; N.Y., 1976), $10 .00 a report to the NYE; Legislative Commis - from EARS (hardcover) ; makes the connectiona l sion on Energy Systems . *Fuller, John, We AlmostLostDe- Sen. Mike Gravel's "Energy Index troit Ballantine Books, New York, ' and assorted pamphlets; free; write 1974, $1 . 95, ,(paperback); the Fermi % 3317 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg . , Environment, monthly, 438 N. Skink- reactor meltdown near Detroit in-1966 . Washington, D. C. 20510 er Blvd., St . Louis, Mo . excellent *Gofman, 'John and Arthur Tamplin, "Energy : The Case. for Conservation, " magazine on environmental concerns, PoisonedPower, ,The Case Against by Dennis Hayes, available from World- pays critical attention to nuclear power. Nuclear Power Plants ; Rodale Press, watch Institute . 1776 Mess. Ave. N.W. . Info, monthly, free, Atomic Industrial Emmaus, Pa ., 1971, $6 .95 (hard- Washington, D. C. 20036 . Forum, Inc ., 475 Park Ave .. So cover); a stirring ; N. Y book on the dangers ThePlutonium Economy, National N .Y., 10016; this is the nuclear in- of nuclear power plant radiation by Council of Churches of Christ, 475 dustry's own running commentary o n two eminent scientists - highly re- spected and accurate . Riverside Dr., N . Y: , N .Y. 10027, its critics . single copies, bulk orders, NotMan Apart, hi-weekly, 16 pp. , *Lovins, Amory and John'Price, $1/na , : The Case for a n 500/ea + postage; sudy material for $20.00/yr., Friends of the Earth, 529 Non-Nuclear Future the proposed NCC policy statement on Commercial St., San Francisco, Ca . Ethical Rnergv Strategy (Friends o f Nuclear Opponents., monthly, 8 pp. , ; 529 Commer - plutonium in the nuclear fuel cycle. the Earth Energy Papers $10.00/yr., Box 285, Allendale, N .Y. ., San Francisco, CA 94111 ) "Radioactive Ransom : The Bailout of cial St Nuclear Fuel Services; Inc . . (a prelimi- Science, weekly, 1515 Mass. Ave . , $4 .95 (paperback); the economic N .W. , Washington, D . C 20005; impossibility of the nuclear dream. nary report), " available -from NYPIRG Public Utilities/Energy Project, Periodku Audio - Visuals An Organizer's Notebook on Public . Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, mon- (See also p. 30, bottom .of left column) Utilities and Enemy forN.Y. State, thly, 64 pp.,1020-24 E. 58th St. , Special Nuclear Materials from the Human Affairs Program, Cornell U . , Chicago, Ill.', 60637; provides afor- Union of Concerned Scientists; set of 410 College Ave ., Ithaca, N .Y.14853, um for both sides of the issue . maps, diagrams, reference charts on 1975; utilities; 'the 'government, oil y Central N . YEnvironnient, see ad nuclear power ; available from Eco- banks - all the energy connections on this page . , Graphix, B Center St., Ruttlend, Vt , Valuable; besit tool, even at $15°.'00 Critical Mass, monthly. -10-12 pp. , 05701. One set is $10 .00 postpaid, *Union of Concerned Scientists , $7 50/yr. $13 .50/2 yr ., P.O. Box 5 or more, $3 .00/ea .,postpaid . .Buld The NuclearFuel Cycle, UCS, Cam- 1538, Washington, p. C . 20013 . rates available for organitations. bridge, Mass. ,$4'.95, (paperback), "LOvejoy's Nuclear War, " 60 min . film with sound and color, available from Green Mountain Post Films(see ad on Central N Y !11VI ~J !MT, Inc)T~ P. 1s) or from Citizens Concerned About Sterling(see organi- Box 204," Jamesville, York 13078 zatlons, p. 29 . ) . New "Nuclear Reaction in Wyhl, 16 mm. , 15 min . film in color, C.N.Y. Environment is a bi-monthly available from Green Mountain Post Films(see ad on p. 18 . ) I non-profit-organization serving as forum "Power over People, " 26-frame slideshow based on the book of the same name(see above), available from Friends-o f and foee~ or environmental issues. i the Earth, c% . Paula Ward, 800 LW 15th St. , Iv ')t, 'North Name Dakota 58701,. .$5.00. . Seafarer Slideshow on the large underground radar grid pro - . Address . ,i posed for upper Michigan 's peninsula, to be the command 1 system for Trident submarines, available from Vic Schumacher I Subscription, See: issues @ 10/$2 .50•, . plu s 698 W. Forest Ave ., Detroit, Michigan 48201 ( $2 .50 tact-deductible donation per subscription How Safe are America's Reactors?", ' rental, $10 . 00, avail- ( able from Irene Dickinson, National Interveners,. 71 Pine Ave . 1 enclosed bill lie later' Ossining, N.Y. . 10562, call 914/762-1362 . •

S30 PNL 4/77 Action 0r,eoiratieas North Country Defense 'Committee Natutal Foods Associate s 24 Pleasant St ., Potsdam, N .Y. 13676 , 111 Standish Dr . No: Syracuse, N .Y. Organization s (315) 265-290 6 (31S) 458-0800 contact: Ed Dubinsky contact: Sandra Ward The following list was compiled North Country Power Coalition Students Against Nuclear Energy based oh SPC's program contact s 139 Riverbend Road (SANE) 717 Seneca Hall, SUC O and the response from a form letter Watertown, N,. Y. 13601 Oswego, N.Y. 1312 6 sent out to mailing lists we re- (315) 788-0110 (3I5) 341-4302 ceived., We regret any omissions contact: Mike Burges s contact: Phil Dagosta we have made . Upstate People for Safe Energy Syracuse Peace Council If you would like to become in- 924 Burnet Ave . Syracuse, N .Y. 13203 volved in working to stop nuclea r Technology (UPSET) Ritch Rd., DeKalb, N .Y. 13630 (315) 479-6410 power, return the coupon below to contact: William Sunderlii tr1e group on this list nearest you . (315) 355-2016 If you live in a community not on contact: Clyde Mors e Hodson Palley this list, other nearby groups ma y Citizens Committee for the Protec- be able to put you in touch with a 'Westera N.Y. tion of the Environmen Housewives to End Pollution t group in your own community . If 71 Pine Ave ., Ossining, N.Y. 10562 no group exists, they may be abl e 214 Greenwood Drive (914) 762-1362 to help you form one . East Aurora, N .Y. 14052 contact: Joan D . Graham contact: Irene Dickinso n Rochester Peace Concerned Citizens for Safe Energy Statewide and Justice Educa- P.O . Box 88, Stuyvesant, N .Y. 12173 People's Power Coalition - see p .24 tion Center, 713 Monroe'Ave. (518) 758-671 0 New York Public Interest Researc h Rochester N . Y. contact Bob K ackele (716) 244-7191 r Group - see p . 12 . Citizens to Preserve the Hudsdn Safe Energy Coalition of New York contact: Jim-Renfrew Valley, P.O . Box 412 State, P. O. Box 54, New Palttz, N .Y. , Springville Radiation. Study Group Catskill, N .Y. 12414 12561, (914) 255-715 8 10734 Sharp St . , East Concord, , N.Y., (518)' 943-5042 contact: Shirley Brand 1405,5 contact: Carol Mongerson contact: Lee Davis Mid-Hudson Nuclear Opponents North Country Ceotrel N.Y. P.O . Box 666, New Peitz, N. y .12561 Akwesasne Mohawk Nation Citizens Concerned About Sterling (914) 658-9311 via Rooseveltown,•N . Y. P . O. Box 524, Fairhaven,, N.Y. 13064 contact: ,Peter D . G . Brown Citizens for Clean Land, Air and (315) 947-5534 or 947-5954 Tri-County Power Line Association Water (CLAW) contact: Dick Oot, or Bob Tompkins Box 56, Greenville, N .Y. 12083 Rte . 1, Waddington, N .Y. 1369 4 Ecology Action of Oswego contact: Al Scarpa or John Smigel (315) 388-447 7 278 Washington Blvd, Oswego, N .Y. Westchester People's Action Coali- contact: Winnie Veatch (315) 341-3064 or 343-2412 tion, Inc . (WESPAC) DeKalb Concerned Citizens contact: Peter Ca plan 100 Mamaroneck Avenue Rte . 1, Box 121, Richville, N .Y. 13681 Ecology Action of Tompkins Co. White Plains, N . Y,. 10601 contact: Ellen Rocco (315) 355-2512 Box 385, ;Ithaca, N .Y. 14850. (914) 949-0088 or 949-9577 Pt . Covington-Bombay Farmer s (607) 272,-682 0 contact: Connie Hogarth RID . 1, Ft. Covington, N .Y. 12937 contact: Jeannie Fudala contact: Doris Moeller Ecology, House Community Service Now York City/Metro Ares Friends of the St . Lawrenc e Committee, Box 2, Hurlburt House, Committee to End Radiologica l Butler Rd., Rossie, N.Y. 13646 Cornell U., Ithaca, N . Y. 14853 Hazards, 166 Second Ave .,- N .Y. , (315) 324-524 0 (607) 256-0612 or 256-062 7 N.Y. 10003 contact: Mark Scarlett contact: Edd Oyarzo or Anita Welych (201) GR7-593 5 Liberal Party of Onondaga Co . contact: Mary HaysWelk Audio-visuals (continued from p . 29) 1300 Roosevelt Ave, Syracuse, N .Y. Friends of the Earth of New York Cit y (315) 472-2406 72 Jane St . N.Y., N.Y. 10014 *"The Age of the Sun " (212) 675-591 1 *"Energy : The Dilemma " contact: Lillian Reiner Stop Hazards of Cable Kilowatt s Contact: Lorna Salzma n *"Energy : Less is More " 3 *"Energy : New Sources " (SHOCK) P.O. Box 30 Long Island Safe,Energy Coalition *"Energy : The Nuclear Alternative " Holland-Patent, N .Y.. Box 972, Smithtown, N.Y. 11787 five films from EARS, 16mm ., 18-21 min , (315) 865-462 3 (516) 785-659 0 each with color and sound; 3 day ren- contact: John Preston contact: Susan Blake tal: $21. 00/ 1 film,. $33 .,00/ 2 I am interested in working to stop nuclear power tal $21.00 for one film; . $33 ..00' for 2; and develop alternative energy resource s $50.00f,r3; $67 .00 for 4; $84.00 for , all five I'd like to support your work . Enclosed-is a contribution of +ulisti 1::fAtomic Scientists film 1 Name(s) Phone No. -0.l'J)yraphy in Feb. 1977 issue, p. 53, Address dilea under periodicals.) .City & State zip code

Iiok Review 4/11 Pill 31$ Book Review ious effects of low level radiation , Citizen resistance is of course a with the author indicating that a s prirbary concern to many people . Wet d research proceeds investigators are like to know what has been done and becoming increasingly alarmed to get.an idea what might be done . An d learn of long term effects . Amazingly here we learn a great deal about David enough, although "everyone already 'Comey, John,Gofman and others whose Unacceptable Risk : knows that radiation causes cancer" , main force has been felt in hearings , the National Cancer Institute doe s the courts, etc . The astonishing The Nuclear not have a program of radiation induce d "expertise",-almost more than their cancer research ! obvious committment to active resist* Power Controversy ance, is well portrayed. In a future book or revised edition, Olson ma y In the next section we see how th e wish to examine more closely loca l hazards of radioactivity translate into citizen initiatives such as have taken by Frank Roble a dismal economics of power. For puce (and are taking place) at the example in one Commonwealth Ediso n Seabrook, N . H . site .• An audio tape reactor plant, a repair that 12 me n of Sam Lovejoy addressing utility In September, 1954, Presiden t could have quickly completed in a "bigwigs" might constitute a partis • Eisenhower appeared on nationa l conventional fossil fuel plant require d television to open a new era : the ularily effective appendix . 350 men in order not to exceed "d0fe " In all, this is a sound study of age of the peaceful atom . And with radiation exposure limits. Olson a wave of a radioactive wand the nuclear power; the unacceptability o f reviews the testimony of Willia m risk is amply demonstrated. As Ndbet President excited a geiger counter Heronemous : it cost $2400 a kilowatt which in turn signaled an automatic Physicist Hennes Alfven is quoted as to build one of the navy's nuclear sub - saying: "Fission energy is safe if a power shovel to dig, robot fashion , marines compared to $400 a kilowatt number of critical devices work as the first scoop of "dirt" for the nat- for a 1973 plant . Apparently r they should, if a number of people i n ion's first commerical nuclear powe Heronemous would have refused t o key positions follow all their instruct - plant. A trivial episode, perhaps , pass wiring and piping for the navy ions, . if there is no sabotage, no hie but ominous nonetheless . For we that had been accepted and incorp- jacking of the transports . . .and no might ask ourselves what sort o f orated into the nuke plant . Thus war- even a convention robots will be on hand to bury th e revolution or - efforts to economize in construction al One - takes place . The enormous peaceful atom and of what value, quantities of " aggravate repair problems while the extremely dangerous after all, is a "peace of the grave . danger of radioactivity contributes to material must not get into the hands Now, the book that is supposed to poor capacity statistics and more of ignorant people or desperadoes . tell the full story ("the only book" expensive electricity. No acts of God can be permitted . " to be able to do so) makes no mentio n of this event . Absurd, of course, that a publisher would make such a claim . For the outrageous history of the Tf Atomic Energy Commission alone defies full comprehension and des - cription. So who could possibly tel l . . .the Front Room has a lot of good stuff about energy it all (and who would want to hea r LOW-COST, ENERGY-EFFICIENT SHELTER BTJMP£ROTICKER S it )? But this beak Jaoes provide a For the Owner and Builder Save Our Farms : Stop the great deal of significant information , Edited by Eugene Ebcli 408pp . $5 .95 765 kv Line 75 including for instance, a table of all A complete, no-nonsense guide from Rodale Press Power To The People , existing and planned nuke plants in DIRECT USE, OF THE' SUN'S ENERGY , Not PASNY 75C the U.S. And for those wishing to By Farrington Daniels 271pp . $1 .95 Turn Off The Nukes, Turn study further, there are 30 pages or The most widely-acclaimed book on our best . . On The Sun 50$ so of references to Senate document s power. source. Stop Nuclear Power . . .500 newspaper accoyinJ.s, interviews,, UNACCEPTABLE RISK : The Nuclear Power Radioactivity: The books, etc. Controversy " by •McKinleY Olson Ultimate Pollutant . ...SOS Though not tightly organized, the 310 pp, $2 .25 BUTTONS 504 ea narrative moves along easily. We THE ENERGY PRIMER:, Solar, Water,. Wind ana Nuclear Power?No Thank s proceed from a' discussion of back- Biofuels 200 pp. $5,.50' N .O. Nuclear Opposition ground to radioactivity, on to fuel A catalogue of information, resources and ideas No Nukes cycle and costs and finally to the in the tradition of The Whole Earth . .;. Split Wood, Not Atoms issue of citizen resistance. Overall, ---^ Olsen seems to be at his best discus .AND MUCH MORE. sing the problem of radiation . Quite The Front Room a bit of attention centers on the insid Syracuse Peace Council Bookstore 924 BurnetAvenue, Syracuse, N .Y . 13203 (315)472 .547 8 ' Frank Doble is a librarian at Onondaga .__ Community College, and has written re- To order, send along the cover price, To see our other good stuff, .drop in: - views and prepared bibliographies for - plus 15% for.tax & posta to The Weekdays 10-6- Wed til 8; Sat.' 12.-4. LibraryJournal, - - 1 FRONT ROOM: Call or write for our complete cata''log .

letter Active Today Than Radioactive Tomorrow !

Destruction of seacoast and marine . ecology by' thermal -pollution 7 years of regulatory interventions ...Several town meetings in the NH sea - coast area have voted agains t the Seabrook-nuclear power plant . . Nuclear Regulatory Commissio n . Conditional construction permi t issued 6/28/76; work begun in July Clamshell Alliance formed in July '76; 1st occupation - Aug . . 1 (18 people) 2nd occupation' - Aug... 22 .(180 people) ._rally ,&, alternative energy, fair - Oct. -23 . NRC appeals-board decision agains t the Seabrook nuke (Sept . '6); overruled by NRC, commissioner s (Oct. '76) EPA and final NRC decisions still pending;. construction '(twice halted) 'still continues

SYRACUSE. PEACE COUNCIL 924 Burnet Avenue Syracuse, New York 13203 (315).472-5478

unless otherwise indicated below :

4/77 PNL 9

Residents Resist County's Garbageg Plant poll were unanimous : 14 voted for by Ed Landale -Noise pollution from the plants operation and the trucks going in and. the site 'and 965 voted against it - out, will add to the. high decibel clearly showing "what the peopl e Over two years ago, County Ex- want" . ecutive Mulroy, Carrier Corp . and level of.. an already noisy . area. the County Solid Waste Disposal Visually the plant will be an eye Authority,(SWDA) proposed that th e sore . county construct a $62 million gar- Poor Neighborhood bage -burning stem plant near the existing S .U . steam plant(the site Why was such a densely populated would be bounded by:Rt. 81, Mc- area selected? The official reason Bride St ., Sizer St. and Burt St .). is that the plant should be as clos e This plant,as conceived, would as possible to its hoped for custom- receive garbage from the city and ers . Also ,. the S .U . plant would be towns and burn it to produce stea m used as a backup. that would heat . nearby hospital s One-alternative site,'the old Penn- and buildings . Central terminal is also near the ` While the stated objectives of the area so that steam could be piped plant are laudable-to dispose o f over to the potential ,customers . The garbage and create new energy-many possibility exists of other customers questions have been raised about being "hooked up" to the pipes . this project . For the people living in Political reasons were also im- and around the area the major object. portant in considering this site . The ion is the proposed site . The most population , of this area consists of Resident makes a point at the March densely populated neighborhood in low-income senior . citizens and 24 public meeting . Photo Bob Lorenz. the county has been chosen for the black people whose political clout plant(8000 people live within a quart- is nil( only I adult out of 6 is a reg- What You Can D o er of a mile of the proposed site) . istered voter) compared to the gov- John Lawton of n .e County Legis- Other-objections raised are: its ernment and 'corporation official s lature has stated that if the Syracuse extremely high cost ; the reluctance affecting this decision .. Also, S .U .- Common Council votes against this' of many towns to make a commitment stands to gain over $10 million by site that the county will abide by to provide their garbage, and the selling its land to the county . their wishes.. Therefore, it is im - problems other communities have had portant to'call or write your Council with similar-projects . Neighborhood Organize s Representative and let them know People living in the surrounding your feelings, and urge them to vot e Neighborhood Objections area have formed an organization against the proposed site . Neighborhood people have many called "Don't Dump On Us" . This As the deadline for a decision objections to this proposal: group,tpgether with the Syracuse approaches, there may be picketing -The greatest concern is safety . The People's' Housing Coalition(SPHC) , to call public attention to the issue . garbage will be transported on huge . is actively working .in opposition to Letters to the editors of all the 18 wheel trucks . Each day 60 trucks the proposed site through petitioning, ., local papers would serve to keep will roll .in and out of the plant . This picketing and publicizing the issue this issue out in the open . Also , will pose a constant danger to the whenever possible. The two groups . the more organized groups that give many small children of the area are presently attempting to get the their support to the residents, the (Wilson playground and Dr . King State's Department of Environmental . better chance they will have in their School are within one block . of the Conservation to hold a public hear- fight. 'proposed site) . ing on the environmental aspects of For further information and/or to -Construction of the plant will take of this project . find out what you can do call Ed ' approximately . 27 months-over 2 On March 24, a large "information- (476-2891), Marci (476-6184) or years of dust,exhaust pollution , al" neighborhood meeting was held Bob (478-4085) . noise -and,: traffic hazards. at Dr. King School . In attendance -Despite claims that a 300 ftsmoke were government 'representatives , NOTE: On April 3, Channel 9' s stack Will completely dissipate the officials from Cartier Corp : and . Community Forum will deal with this. smoke particulates from the 'plant , about 200 residents . It was decid- issue. On April 17, Channel 5' s air pollution is a concern .'fhe op- ed at the meeting that an informal Straight to the Sourcewill feature a eration odors and the smell of spill referendum would be held on March debate on this issue between res- ed garbage will not improve the en- 26th so that neighborhood people idents, SPHC Reps . and a Represent- vironment. of the area . could express their opinions on the ative of the County Executive .--- (probably the County Attorney) . Ed Landale is a member of SPHC , situation . Public officials stated and has been involved with thi s that they would abide by the resi - issue•.forthe past year, . dents'. wishes . The results of the

`10PNl4/77' Lour & State Nitta . Car 's Budget ;Ax Hits Brighton Family tenter

On Jan . 18, Q,ay . Carey unveile d his proposed $11.3 billion state budget for 1977-78 which_called for major cuts in such areas as Social Services (wel- fare, Medicaid,iay care , etc .), school aid, local programs,"as well as a small permenant tax cat pr lower and middle- income people . ~nT plan added up to -be the smallest tease in state spend- ing in more thaniaaiecade . Some praise d this "stabilization" budget. Others were disappointed :: :even angered by it . For the Briglon4 Family Center , which has served ower-income neigh- borhood on the soft -side since 1971 , Neighbors gather at the Brighton Family Center the proposed fiscol package was no t to chow-down before the big budget cut hits . good news . Two of their programs de- i. pend on state funds which may be' cut under the Governor's budget April . With Shelly's help, the young boy is now in counpelling as is his Some Cuts Restored? fame y1Worke r sister who's also in a special reading State legislators are presently at- program because she reads on a 2nd - tempting to reach a compromise budget . One who miq' it del the budget ax grade level . It seems Shelly's work So. far, the lawmakers have restored a of Brighton is Snell Smithstone, th e is starting to pay off because the two good deal of Carey's proposed cuts . Center's family (f Preventive ) worker . teenagers are going to school several This could mean the restoration of Half of her annua'l''$8500 salary come s days a week and she's hoping that Brighton's youth and preventive services from that kart of the State Social Ser- come mid-April, the judge will consid- money. But the Legislature is still de- vices budget whIctrmfor the last two er this an , improvement . liberating, so it's a question mark until years has alloce`t $3 .75 million an- Even if the funds are cut, there is April 1 when the final budget is decided nually to fund 1c'&Y'preventive service s still a chance that Shelly will remai n on. . projects (the other 'half is paid by the at Brighton . She's considering goin g United W ay) . As pert of his slashing part-time and giving more casework to There are certainly good and bad social services Spending, Carey has the SU and OCC volunteers who work comments that can be made about the Z proposed that as M April 1, funds for with her, I should point out that all Governor's budget . It seems to have preventive serviaee-projects will b e seven Catholic Charities neighborhood been a serious attempt to give the discontinued . Arldz7so, half of Shelly' s centers (of which Brighton is one) working person in this state (who pays funds are on th&'lihe . stand to loose their preventive work- more taxes than anyone in the U .S .) Shelly's a preventive worker, help- er's money . Shelly feels that if each a bit of well deserved tax relief by ing those from broken homes in order to, one of these people are knocked down trimming the fat from such places a s for one, prevent the youngsters in those to part-time, about 80 families and the inflated welfare budget (without homes from landing in foster care or in 300 children will loose . the guidance cutting assistance to the truly needy) . the criminal just ` a system . Shelly of people like herself. But if tax relief was one of Carey ' s goals, slashing preventive services is works with a ca dad of 22 families i Youth Money and about a doz ' 'M these she-consid- like cutting your nose off to spite your ers intensive cases ; those-she works There is another complication: face . If you don't shell out some money with constantly. One such case in- Brighton Family Center was scheduled for preventive services, these kid s volves a woman living with her four to receive about $5000 from the, City - only reappear further down the road in children (ages 5, 13, 14, and 16) . County Youth Board this year . But the foster homes and in jails, and sustain- The main problem was withthe 13-year- Governor's recommending a slicing of ing them there will cost the taxpayer a old boy and the 14-year-old girl, both $3 million from the Youth Development / hell of alot more . But it's not only a of whom are truant . The school even- Deliquency Prevention section (wher e matter of saving money ; it' s a matter tually brought the kids to family court CCYB gets its money) of the state youth of saving people . And for Shelly and _; where the judge put them on a 3-month budget puts some of this money in . the people at the Brighton Family Center , probation period which ex: s in mid- jeopardy . This, in turn, could force that's what its all about . ,c, rest- the. center to cutback on some of it s Bill is a freelance writer Programs . dent activist & e Big Apple native.

Aoolysis & Adler 4/77 PK 11

April 15: Surprises for IRS by lido Moddaus "There. is a recurring nightmare at the 4. Withhold 54% of the "amount due " Internal Revenue Service in whic h since that represents the 'poportion of American taxpayers -band together an d the federal expenditure for military- refuse to pay . What makes this vi- related purposes . sion unpleasant to the Service is tha t 5. Withhold all of your federal in- there is nothing it could do about it ." come tax since you don't have con- (Pew York Tulles, 2/22/76 ) trol of what happens to it once IRS Fiscal Year 197 6 has it .. Courtesy SANE Washington, D . IRS's nightmare is war tax resisters ' 6. On your W-4 form (the one you .C dream . , We'd like to see IRS deluged file with your employer), mark suffi- What might be the consequences for with blank returns instead of checks : cient allowances so that no tax is the resister? That depends on many Why? Henry David Thoreau said it withheld . Even if you decide to pay factors . Some of the suggestions a- well: the "amount due" when you make out bove are legal, some not . IRS is er- your 1040, y2R„will have been using ratic in how it responds : Sometime s "If a thousand [persons) were not t o or contributing your money during the the money is withheld by the, resister pay their tax bill this year, that year instead of IRS . Another way to and IRS never tries to recover it . Ot- would not be as violent and bloody a prevent withholding is to file a W 4E . her times, IRS garnishees wages , measure as it would be to pay the m if you have earned less than $2,050. seizes money from bank accounts, and enable the State to commit vio- 7. Keep your, income below taxable auctions property, and - rarely - lence and shed innocent blood . " level (Write to War Tax Resistance puts resisters in jail . for "Legal Avoidance of Taxes for More' than half of the federal expen- War, address below) Dik Cool and Chris Murray of the diture, is military-related . Our mon- 8. Deduct the federal tax on your SPC- staff have refused to pay any ey is spent on weapons, aid to re- phone bill each month. This tax was war taxes . When IRS tried to get the pressive governments, and other de- imposed in 1941 to help pay for war money through the employer (SPC) , structive ends rather than meeting and has continued since then, rising the steering committee issued a state- human needs . Note these . contrasts: at times, such as during the war i n ment of support for Dik and Chris and Indochina. This is probably the form refused to garnishee their salaries . $44 million for the estimated Penta- of tax resistance used by the most IRS has taken no decisive action thus gon public relations budget OR people. far but continues to. send registered construction of a 584-bed hospital ; 9. Work for the World Peace Tax letters and make phone calls . Fund bill, which would allow' tax- $1 million for research and develop- payers to designate that their money If you have questions ,'bout resisting ment for lethal chemical weapons in should go into a special fund for and/or want to ask about an interest - 1974 OR, 66 low-cost homes ; peace purposes . Write World Peace free loan or small grant from SPC Tax Fund, 2111. Florida Av .N.W ., Life Fund for a worthy project, con - $2 .1 billion for development cost s Washington ,,D .C . 20008 . tact Marge Rusk, 242 W'. Calthrop , - on B-1 bomber program OR Compre - Syracuse 13205 ; ' 476-7635 . hensive Federal Child Care Program . What Might Happen For $1 .00 you can get Aln't Gonna With a massive number of tax rests - Pav for War No Mort pnd the updated Since the government has thes e ' tern, large amounts of money could supplement from Minnesota War Tax warped priorities, some of us with - be:channeled into Life Funds to im- Resistance, 122 W .. Franklin, Minn- hold all or part of federal taxes and ' prove' our communities, and the gov- eapolis 55404 . channel that amount into alternative eminent would be sent a loud mes- Also see the monthly tax resistanc e funds . The SPC Life Fund continue s sage . column in WINmagazine . ,to provide grants and interest-free loans for life-affirming purposes . Ways To Speak To The IRS . 11040 . wael t`aa.. War tax resistance can be on many levels . Here are 'some ways to sur- t TO THE INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE : prise IRS: I do not want my money spent for war or military preparation . The United States already 1. When filing your 1040 income tax has the means to kill everyone in the world 3S times. I want Federal tax funds to be spent on return, enclose a card or letter that , meeting human needs (e.g., housing, environment, education, health care, public transporta - you are paying under protest . lion). 2. Do the above and pay one day O I am paying my taxes under protest . t I O I am refusing to pay my telephone Federal excise tax . late . O I am withholding payment of S from my Federal Income Tax in protest . O I am refusing to pay any money to you since some portion of it will eventuelty be used to 3. , Withhold a token amount (such as , kill people. $1 .00) O 1 want a refund on all money withheld from me in 1976 . Linda Madilaus is a member of the SPC Name,- War Tar. Resistance group . (For additional conies. write War Resisters League, 339 Lafayette Street, New York, NY 10012)

12PNL4/77 Zaire: U.S. Supports Another Rightist Regime Demonstration by Seth Moroni rail line to the north, Zaire Our Tax Dollars At Work chief of the Congolese army, brought would be unable to pay back its The U.S . is -Ic4tirently speeding down the Tshombe government and $ 500 million debt to U .S . banks , tons of militai fhardware, including turned the copper-clad Katanga re- since two-thirds of its foreign ex - arms' and ammunition to Zaire . gion into a U.S . concession. change is earned through exports Zairean President Mobutu Sese Sek o The Mobutu government has mor e of Shaba copper. Naturally, the has asked for this support to hel p internal opponents than it can sur- copper itself would fall from Ameri- repel what he calls "invaders" from vive . For several years a People' s can control. the South . What we are iin fact wit- Revolutionary party has held en- Further, U .S . intervention is also nessing is a ViMtNam-type buildu p claves throughout eastern Zaire , aimed at the People's Republic of by U .S . corporations and military, where it has carried put armed Angola and the People's Republic of with the collusion of the Western ' raids against the Mobutu regime . the Congo (Brazzaville) . Both An- . media, in an effort to subvert the Antoine Gizenga, leader of the gola and Congo-Brazzaville have freedom movements in Central and African Solidarity Party. and a col- oil-rich territories bordering Zaire . Southern Africa. league of Lumumb'a's, is being Both have extremely progressive What then is the truth about th e heavily sought by the reactionary governments . Brazzaville's Presi- current fighting in Shaba (Katanga ) forces. Since his release from a dent Marian Ngouabi has been cal- province? Zairean prison, Gizenga has been led "one of the most consistent U .S . corporations have more than underground and is believed to be anti-imperialist fighters in Africa ." $1 billion invested in minerally-rich the leader of the Congo Front, mad e On March 18, President Ngouabi was Zaire . Our gouarnment has provided up of former Lurtnumba-ists and . other brutally assasinated by Massemba- another $450 million, primarily in Zaireans, particularly students, who Debat, an agent of the Western po- military loans pd grants . Mobutu oppose Mobutu . ' wers . At the time of his death he has been their main man since the Perhaps the most blatant of the was actively involved in trying to ' early 1960's; Zaire , their model of lies being promoted by the Western bring a peaceful resolution to ' what an African state should be . press is the claim of involvement of Zairean Angolan tensions . Last Under Mobutu, Zaire (formerly Angola and Cuba . They have care-, week, Zairean planes bombed three the Belgian Congo) is suffering a fully avoided carrying the unquali- Angolan villages, killing More than severe economic crisis . Zaire has fied disclaimers of the People' s 70 civilians . an enormous balance of trade defi- Republic of Angola concerning any Angola and Congo-Brazzaville cit, with its foreign exchange re- have stressed that they will not con- serves falling dramatically in recent tinue to tolerate Zaire's provoca- years . With 70% of its population tions . Additionally, the Zairean involved in agriculture, Zaire must army is notoriously ineffectual . spend roughly 30% of its foreign Zairean soldiers in Shaba are repor- exchange to pay for imported food- ted to be deserting in'large numbers , stuffs . A major exporter of copper , Herein lies the real danger of Zaire serves as a raw material s direct V .S . military involvement . appendage of the Western powers , If Mobutu is to stabilize his posi- importing most of its manufactured tion, he will need mercenaries and goods, and facing an annual infla- at least covert military units fro m tion rate approaching 30% . the West, hence the smokescreen Mobutu Regim e of "communist invaders ." Even as Mobutu is an authoritarian, and Secretary of State Vance Was admit- there is mass dissatisfaction and ting "no hard evidence" of Angolan or Cuban involvement in Shaba, opposition to his non-democrati c I . Angolan province of Cabinda. regime . It is opposition that date s military supplies were being air- back to the struggle against Belgian involvement what so ever in the lifted to Mobutu . U.S . imperialism colonialism. As Patrice Lumumba Shaba events . Also, they ignored is committed to protecting its huge said at independence ceremonie s Cuban . Premier Fidel Castro' s financial stake in Central and on June 30, 1960 : "No inhabitant o f statement of March 21, . in which he Southern Africa against independenc e the Congo will ever forget that w e 'said: "I wish to assure you that efforts . won independence in struggle, in 'there is :nota single' Cuban soldier.. The fact that should be plairito all is 'that this pattern of step-by- persistent and hard daily struggle , .involved (in .Zaire) ; We have no y in which we were daunted neither by thing to do withit at all and we step escalation being pursued b suffering nor tremendous sacrifices, have not equipped or trained:.the the U.S. is so -.J.scent of our nor the blood shed by our peoples . " forces "fighting the -ruling"clique in - Viet Nam (experience . Have we During the struggle for power Zaire . " already forgotten-that lesson; "A that follow d it was then Colone l The reason for he lies and dis people's struggle forfreedo}i{r`can- Mobutu that organized the coup that tortions is c,'*, ebould the in- not be defeated: killed Lumumba . It was U .S . finan- surgent force: ; = SL' '.a succeed in Beth is an area steel worker who has long ced Mobutu who, as commander-in - capturing the rnhr., °nutting the been active in southern Africa support wort.

Local News ,4/77 PNL 13 Tammelaid by the staff weeks before . The second report carne from the Elmcrest: Troubled Politics In A State Board of Social Welfare, which issues Elmcrest's license as a Place For Troubled Children residential institution . The report Recent events at Elmcrest Chit- was scheduled for the following stated that conditions at Elmcrest dren's Center have led to the firing Wednesday. On Friday afternoon , presented "clear and,heminent en- of the Center's Associate Executive a group of about fifty staff members dangerment of the health, safety, Director, several special invests- went to Tammelaid's office and rea d and welfare of .the resident children ' gations, and finally the temporary him a statement declaring their lack and ordered that Elmorest's licens e closing of Elmcrest's residential of confidence in his leadership and be suspended for thirty days, begin- section . Elmcrest is a_private,not- their support for their supervisors . ning March 31 . ' for-profit organization comprised Also on Friday, a group of the super- of a resid ential program housing visors asked John Las cans, Onon- . The decision to suspend Elmcrestt about thirty boys, and a day treat- daga county director of Social Ser- license was based on a two-day ment program of about seventy . Both vices, to investigate conditions at visit by state investigators during groups are served by Elmcrest's Elmcrest . Lascaris agreed to review the week of March 21 . A few months school and other supplementary pro- the conditions, but emphasized that previously, the Board's investiga- grams . his jurisdiction applied only to the tors had spent several weeks at The current problems at Elmcrest few Onondaga County boys residing Elmcrest and had aptierently failed began last fall when the cente r at Elmcrest . to notice the conditioni which later found itself in financial trouble due The next morning, March 12, th e led' them to suspend. he license . to a lack of available social service story of Tom Goodman ' s firing first The State Board implied in their funds . In response to these prob- appeared in the papers, along with statement that the explanation for ., the eight supervisors of Elm- allegations of inadequate care in the this -was that the conditions at lems Elmcrest had been allowed to deter- crest's rprograms began meeting as residential. program. In the next few .a group under the direction of Tom days, other staff members made sev- iorate by staff members as part of Goodman, the Associate Executive eral statements to the press support - a protest action . Staff `members Director. Ina Tom's charaer were insulted by this, feeling that After several weeks of intensive meetings, the supervisory grou p a emerged with a list of recommenda- '5 tions for additional funding sources . CD The recommendations were presente d 4 to H .E . Tammelaid, Elmcrest' s Executive Director . Tammelaid did CD

not respond . I-1

''Associate Director ►brad Over the next few months, the . supervisors were presented with a bewildering series of budgets which forced them to make .severe cuts , particularly in the residential pro- gram . After an especially devasta- ting series 'of cuts in February, the supervisors concluded that the res- idential program was no 'longer via- ble, and that unless several steps On March 16, the Elmcrest Board they had worked especially hard were taken to revitalize it immedi- of Directors met at the Agway buil- during the time of the crisis to pro- ately, it should be phased put . ding in Shoppingtown. The supervi- vide care for .the children . The Tammalaid did not respond . 'On 'sors advised the Board of the inad- staff was 'being blamed for creating March 8, Tom Goodman met with equate care in the residential pro- conditions which they 'had been Tammelaid, pointed out the lack o f gram, of Tammelaid's lack of re- complaining about for months . leadership- from which Elmcrest was' sponse to staff concerns and staff At this point Elmcrest's future is suggestions, and of. suspected mis- uncertain . The residents have been suffering, and suggested , that Tam management by Tammelaid The sent home or to' other institutions . melaid resign . The next morning Board promised to investigate. The Board of Directors .has begun It: Tom was fired . The following week, after mulc h investigation and must suhriit a Staff Unite d publicity, two separate reports on plan for a 'new residentia: program The next day, the supervisors Elmcrest made their appearance. 'by the end of April . ' The staff is asked to meet with the Elmcrest The first was the report of the still working to care fQr the child- Board of Directors . The meeting county' s Social Services Department . ren in the non-residential program which found deficiencies in food , .ete i mvitir nut to the' Direr- The author of this article is a staf f "plai'11iin . mombor at Elmcrest who has requeste d clothing, furniture, and plumbing. tc ? ice t3 '.: c new pro- that we not use her/his mime . All of these hadbeenreportedto " gran ,

re_

14 PM 4/77 Pioeso Support Our Ai~luortisors MOBILE S ALTERNATIVE ' MEDIA CONSULTANT S W E RESEARCH ASSEMBLE MANUFACTO R AND DISTRIBUT E YOUR IDEA S SPECIALIZING IN EDUCATIONAL VIDE O TAPES AND PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT S DOUGLAS WRIGHT A ASSOCIATES 112 HUGHES PL SYR . N.V. 13 21 0

horseshoe nail figure s TEL. 479-690 5 orders custom made ~I1VS0~l1~ARl MOBrLE ART FORM S . .. John is Sally Bruld . Lain. . . . merles 212 Standish Dr. . , fie Ge5coff'Cafe. 5soue5ccit5t Sytapuse , N Y lag 24 Fre.5eni'' d (315) 445-0115 tne2rican-Cu6an GrIeeken April 15-1 7

FILM FORUM Presents . . . April 26-24 rcIA9n 5und "Memory of Justice gil t Marcel Ophuls' major documentary that probe s 612r_d L-Tit moral issues far beyond the scope of his "Th e Merman nezi~art Cuban zD inner Sorrow Ad the Pity", is to be honored for the issues. raises and the final answers i t Dinner Dinner 6:30 — rpm. . refuses to give, its consideration of wher e the national quilts of our post-World War I I ISpm 6: 3 o- ?nt . world lie, beyond the judgments of the vic- n tors at Nuremberg, pricks at the universa l 'ntwio- Tuba. Va. ' conscience throughout this superbly construct - qPm - Fre.7-ex , (ikon eq. divAnst9n wt+h ed and literate work .. SI% GIFFORD MD ., S .U . 7 pal 41.SO met* visitor fa R&o/uka‘ Cuba. SptenAwd6 - AM For-Kids

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v, ` CROSS CRE FA NU shrubs evergreens ------and 8, chuck durand rt 92 just east of manlius 682- 6694 . gift certificates for green lovelies always available

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free Classifieds&Advertisements 4/77 PNL IS

Distributed FREE CLASSIFIED S FRE E That 's right, FREE! Donations, of course, are appreciated . Please type Weekly or print your listing and try to keep it brief . Mail to: Classifieds/PNL , 924 Burnet Ave ., Syracuse, NY 13203 . May deadline is 4pm, Friday , April 22, 1977 . a publication THE SPRINGBOOK POLL, compliments of The Front Room, le coming i n for the a~ . tars Devil the June PNL. We got the idea from WIN magazine . Here ' s how it Central New York works : PNL readers send In the names of 3-4 books (with authors . an d ,ondaga St. cost) they've read in the past year that they really enjoyed or were Gay community Sc use N.Y. 13202 influenced by ; with each title you can include (50 words or less please) , 474867 e why you liked the book . It's sort of an information and opinion exchang Y by local readers . So if you want to be included just send in your title s • CALL OR WRITE FOR SAMPLe tC >t; AN D (Attn : Book Poll) and read on . Deadline it May 15, so don't tarry . SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATIO N TIRED OFTHEPOST-STANDARD? Read Workers World, a Marxist weekly , containing domestic and international news and analysis . Special - introductory offer: 12 weeks for $1 .06 . Youth Against War and Fascism , 171 State St ., Rochester,,NY 14614 . SCHARF'S TRUE-VALU E 7RADITIONAL•IROQUOIS_know it as The Great Law of Peace . None may holdback food if another is hungry . Land is held and worked in common . formerly Bess Tres Yefea Nardwere . Decisions are made not by majority vote, but by unanimity . It isn 't everybody's cup of tea . But at Ganienkeh it Is the chosen way . PROJEC T ROOTHOLD, a Rochester Citizens group supporting Ganienkeh' s Sunday & holiday hours 10-= pm survival through the difficult early period, seeks $2,100 tobuynecessitie s to be taken to the settlement . We urgently ask your financial help . For tax-deduction, write your check to Vocations for Social Change ; ear- NTALie marked "Roothold ." VSC, 713 Monroe Ave ., Rochester, NY 14607 . Town Toots, swam no suo*000, MOVING?DOING SPRING HOUSE CLEANING? Don' t throw away, your LAIN & BONN TOOLS, /tMw S TONS , used furniture, clothing, books, household goods! SPC can use the m for our first garage sale fund raiser this year, scheduled for May . Keep & MAIMS, ROOD silunas A N I I us in mind if you have items you can donate, and hang on to them--or %less i Saw awake if you absolutely can't wait, call us at '472-5478 . Thanks ! fig,,,, 479'8846 PC OFFICE NEEDS : vacuum cleaner, 3-4 drawer locking metal file cabinet, rugs (in good shape, large •& small), typewriters (electri c especially), 3 easy chairs, nice couch, stools, hanging plant holders , a working toaster, staplers, light bolbs . Call 472-5478 for pick up . fief PRFRS NEFTDSs a clock . Call 472-5478 for pick up . CONTACT listens . To the lonely . . .the hurt . . .the anxious . If you're Z~ yoo can'k 09tk Sometimes there and need to talk to someone who will really listen , '4 give us a ring 445-1500 . Any hour ./Day or night, We're-there . axe *AA ALTERNATIVEPRACTICES CONFERENCE, sponsored by National Lawyers Guild, Sat ., Apr . 9, at SU Law School . Workshops on housing ; _ or domestic services, juvenile justice, Attica & much more . For more Vlo14E1gEPALRS I' ► info, call Sue 475-5942 .

PEACE SEMINARTO SOVIET UNION, Aug . 7-28,1977 . Participants will 1 itt unn meet' with Peace Committees, Friendship groups, visit collective farms , 7Em0DELtw& h dg sr+aLn factories, Young Pioneer Palaces, historic sites & cultural centers . Moscow, Leningrad, 'Kiev, Odessa, & Volgograd will be visited . Contact Promoting Enduring Peace, P .O . Box 103, Woodmont,--Ct . 06460 . THE FRONTROOM 'S 2nd Annual Book Recycling is coming soon! Save your unused books and if you just can't wait to donate them, call ' Barb ; 472-5478 . WINMAGAZINE: our movement's indispensable weekly paper; committe d to Nonviolent revolutionary analysis and action ; WIN, 503 Atlantic Ave . , Sth Fl., Brooklyn, NY 11217s $11/yr . and "cheap at twice the price . " UPCOMINGINTHE-PEACENEWSLETTER : May : "Viet Nam Two Years After Liberation " by Dik Cool, "A Hard Look at National Health Insur- ance Proposals" by Linda Faller, "Chemical Warfare Against Native People " , Pt . I : Guatemala by Carlos Rainclouds . June: "Syracuse Cable TV--The Debate is Over, What Next?" by Bob Burn's and Lance Wisniewski, "Chemical Warfare Against Native People " , Pt . II : Canada by Carlos Rainclouds . July : "Kids Can Deal With Conflictby Ed Hayes . BEVEN'DAYS : the first independent, radical news magazine in this country . Starting out biweekly and gearing up to weekly publicatio n within the year . Aims to bring you the news as it is, not as the Time - Life organization or the Washington Post-Newsweek .cgmplex woul d like it to be . Subscribe today and .ave 40% off newsstand price! $2 4 for 40 issues . SevenDays, 206 Sth Ave ., NY, NY 10010 . WORKSHOP DAYON FAMILIESSat ., Apr . 23 at Women's Information Center. Workshops on Single Parenting, Family Systems, Genograms , Politics of the Nuclear Family, Violence in the Family, Dealing with Chang e In the Family Structure, Conflict/Resolution/Decision, Options/Choices , Gay Parenting, Non-sexist Parenting, Changing Roles, & Economics of a Family. 9am-6pm . $10 per person, including lunch . 601 Allen St .478-4636 .

SUN MON TOES WED THURS FRI SAT

Upstate Nuclear Becaus e of the seve Action Coalition .winter, Niagara Mo - BENEFIT CONCERT FOR UNAC hawk1 is offering a Fuel THURSDAY MARCH 14 t h Usage Cost Kickback . mark Koffman and Call for details today: 474-1511 Men's Group, for CR & personal growth . Organi- bruce tetley & Special Guests at the People's Power Coalition, Lagisiativa Action . Confer- zational Meeting 10-Noo n ECOH, 826 Euclid . 47 5 eace in Albany : midnight oil FIREBARN Details : 475-4636 4 7 Movement for a New gathering "Lenny Bruce in Perform- 7 :30 pm . Syracuse Society regional ! ance", NVS Films . Actua l in Old Chatham, NY SPC Nuclear Power Com . People's Housing Coa- footage of this famou s meeting, 1115 E . Genesee lition . Plymouth Church , 6 :30 P .M . potluck & 7 :3 0 W .C . Fields in "Tillie & comedian who was so fa r 7 :30 P .M. 232 E . Onondaga St . P .M . discussion -- Pol- Gus" & It Is A Gift", NVS ahead of his time . 7&9 :3 0 Info : 476-2891 , itical Economic Stud y ,Films . Grant Aud . Ope n Grant Aud . Open to Public 0 '2-5711 . All Welcome . Group . 1115 E. Genesee to Public . $1 .50, kids 75 G $1 .5 0 ZO 13 15 . 1 2 iz :-)/Tax Day leafle Every Sunday, 6-10 pm . SPC Monday Potluck : Every Wed . 10-noon Call John X72-5478 ICI "As We Struggle Together " "Masculinity: Fact or Benefit Concert at th e detail Act?" Slideshow o Morning Coffee Hour , s Elena Salzman; Solidarity n Firebarn .. . Proceed s "Politics of Welfare Re - men and sexism . 8 :0 0 Women's INFO, 601 Allen )Mexican Dinner & raffle to News on the half hour 7 :30 P .M . -- Steering to help fight the 765 k v form" All-day public foru m pm at ECOH . Coffee & benefit United Farm Work- during the show . Committee meeting a t Power Line Maxwell School, SU . For tea provided; bring des- Chirch, 81,9, ., details call League of 408 Clarendon St . All sert to share . See de- Women Voters, 422-979 7 tails, p . 8 . welcome! 17 18 19 zo Every Tuesday, "Working MOVING? Together" By, for and about DDAY: Noon -7 P. M women, 6 :30 - 8 :30,WAER Home Center, State Upstate Peace Networ k If you' re on the PNL '& Family" Worksho p Every Monday: 3rd World POirgrounds, sponsore d retreat begins 8pm . Nea r mailing list, please "Guess Who's Coming to Rochester . Continues thru ! Ry at Women's INFO . h News . WAER 88 .8 F M (by City Consumer Affair s -6 pm . For detail p let us know . Eac Breakfast?" slideshow at , j ; SPC Sunday late afternoon . costs us 25G! 7-7 :30 pm booth o n call; 47 8 "return " Oswego Food Coop Mtg . Details: John 472-5478 24 25 7 2s 29 30 ''Memory of Justice" pre- ' "Memory of Justice " "Memory of Justice " Every Friday sented by Film Forum . 7 ' (See ad p . 14 ) I (See ad p. 14) : T.G .I. F. 5-7 pm . Women's INFO Community Land Trust pm . $1 .50 (See ad p . 14) , potluck & 7 :30 PNL mailing party! ! ! 601 Allen St . Workshop . Sponsored by SPC Monday Potluck : 6 :30 pm Trust "Guess Who's Coming to discussion -- Politica l 11 am 'tilit's done . CNY Community land Project & New Environment Breakfast?" (slideshow) PNL layout all day . Your Economic Study Group , Lunch provided, Come & I 8 pm. ECOH, corner o f help will be welcomed. ' 8 McHarrie St . B'ville help. lAssociation . Details : `Hank Strunk 472-372 6 Euclid & Westcott 4 Every Monday. Figure Alive in Syracuse . Mint, . 8 pm EPM/SPC military SPC CALENDA R Drawing from the model spending and hunge r and women's points of view . Every Sunday, noon . C.h .9 7-10 pm . 601 Allen project meeting, Firs t Presbyterian Church, 62 0 W . Genesee St . APRIL 197 7