Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. evnBahmani Keivan Iranian among composition landraces and fennel content acid fatty in Variation fftyais u oissiaiiyfrmcaie aspouto,hg edyedptnil(400-3000 potential yield seed high source production, new mass a of as mechanized lot candidate for a a suitability gaining is its fennel are species, to Apiaceae and Apiaceae family due demand, Among the acids, market acids. within fatty meeting fatty main species of current for of Currently, the sources valuable to potential is sources. acids as 2018), fatty attention et production (FAO, of (Vidrih, canola omega-3 sources acids our sunflower, to fatty substituting diversifying soybeans, omega-6 saturated or complementary and of including as ratio polyunsaturated crops, crops lower to oil new a monounsaturated Exploring of to ratio due 2009). higher al., a animal-based 1992). and than (Hornok, acids, heathier fatty oil considered just are regions or compounds oils other oils, these Plant-based of many fixed group in called One naturalized also seeds. been acids, the in fatty has phytochemicals valuable is now several but produces Fennel regions, 1992). Mediterranean (Hornok, from originated drugs, derived (Hornok, products cave ( pharmaceutical Shanidar fennel in metabolites, in agents Bitter certain curative Kurdistan possessing as to to and due beverages, ago that and years plants food medicinal 60,000 in 1992). oldest agents to the flavoring back as of used one goes is is usage fennel plant Bitter medicinal 1992). (Lietava, of evidence oldest The acids. linoleic and oleic landraces as fennel such Introduction these cool acids, of of fatty and some efficiency certain humid that the of a indicate improve sources results with complementary may these regions be climate conclusion, from to origin In originated potential landrace chemotypes. content the and regions have fennel acid profile from specific of originated with high fatty content twelve landraces with the acid in identifying acid between oleic landraces linolenic measured high relationships while (1.3-2.4%), acids, with Understanding climate, acid landraces fatty warm climate. stearic maturing that of and (0.3-4.1%), observed medium dry compositions acid was the a It palmitic main among with (26-39%), (0.35-1.07%). The ml/m2) acid acid 85.4 linoleic myristic races. (65.3 and (52-64%), and Fasa late-maturing (0.6-3.6%) acid to (92.5 the oleic belonged Moqhan among were yields and landraces, acid ml/m2) Shahr fatty the Hamedan (71.4 20.5 highest Meshkin (23, to Sari The Shahr races, belonged and (21%). Meshkin races maturing Sari and races, maturing early Kohn to early We Marvdasht, races the the to late-maturing seeds. among among races the the from content ml/m2) maturing among ranged in acid medium and landraces fatty stored the respectively), fennel of among acids 19%, 50 amounts respectively), fatty and the highest 18.5%, of of the and quantities concentration (19.5 and acid and Arak Fatty mass, types and seed landraces. the of fennel is 23% Iranian fennel 50 to bitter of 9.5 content in acid quality fatty drug the determining measured factors the of One Abstract 2021 26, February 3 2 1 ffiito o available not Affiliation Science Applied and University Agriculture Tehran of University State Michigan onclmvulgare Foeniculum 1 l zd-Darbandi Izady- Ali , var. Vulgare 2 zmAkbari Azam , ,hratrjs enl stesuc useisfrfennel- for subspecies source the as fennel, just hereafter ), 1 3 n ynWarner Ryan and , 1 Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. o ehletrfiaino at cd,tecletdolsmlswr re gi yeaoaigtehexane, the evaporating by again dried were were samples contents oil oil collected dry the fixed the acids, oil, fatty total of of their percentage collected. esterification the methyl were and twelveFor calculating hexane These 2015, after ml field formed. and, in 1 a (ASE) was using University above twelve of landrace samples described each year State the oil method for second Michigan of same for seeds the the each to of were in using For sample brought diversity. extracted replications type single were three climate maturity a the samples of and each from mixed seed range within were harvested wide above, seeds, criteria a described of selection study include amounts The to equal origin three origin. landraces, geographic different of represent diverse to regions of selected dry diverse were landraces landraces then and the and of twelve habits overnight, fennels, maturity Iranian air-dried among were the compositions oils oil process, identify extracted To extraction calculated. the the were Afterward, percentage During pressure. oil cell. MPa and extraction mass 6.89 and an milled and in were cycles, placed seeds 105 static was this, to For landrace extraction set solvent each were 1). conditions accelerated from 105 (Figure Tehran an seeds at of in milled oven content University hexane acids dried the the fatty by at and in seeds landraces 1996) overnight the 50 al., kept the from et for (Richter extracted harvested no (ASE) were were and seeds system acids soil, field, Fatty the the in grown in determined. growth incorporated was was of were Wheat year residues second wheat 1978). the the Abdallah, After study; and current m El-Gengaihi the applied. per 2006; was before After plants al., years fertilizer 10 observed. two et supplemental were of the Falzari density field pests 2010; plant this or al., in diseases final et no a (Khorshidi season, to plot growing thinned each the were During seedlings Aburaihan. of performed. emergence, under College were seedling field of capacity a field field in experimental m 50% planted 1 an in were a in in 2012), replications sowed and three was with landrace 2013, Each design 2015, block 2016, complete al., randomized et a (Bahmani Tehran of ( University fennel Aburaihan, 50 landraces. production Iranian of potential oil among high Seeds potential identify composition evaluate 3) 1) or harvest compositions, methods to content oil to and were their acid days Material study evaluate 230 fatty current 2) and the in landraces, of fennel 180, variation Iranian objectives (120, about in the landraces known fennel Therefore maturity Iranian is habit, landraces. late maturity Little fennel of and terms medium, In respectively). early, 2016). time, yield, into and seed 2015 divided habit, al, maturity are et (Bahmani for diversity (Bahmani landraces landraces genetic composition fennel fennel significant yield among Iranian variation oil is agro-morphological essential an there and and landraces, in (2020). 2013) fennel and mass) al. Iranian 2012 seed al., on et al., et studies Chiyaneh of with previous et Rezaei (77-83% acids our by Campos acid to fatty reported (Sales According essential oleic was industries are of systems various acid concentration intercropping in linoleic different high and usages petroselinic three in The acid numerous but genotype are oleic and 2008). cumbersome, (18:1-11cis) Both nutrition, Simopoulos, quantification acid human 1998). Reiter 2013; al., vaccenic and in 1995; et benefits and separation al., al., (Reiter et health et make (18:1-9cis), isomer Gupta many Bogdanov can 2006; acid major 2015; al., the which oleic al., et is C18:1, Singh et (18:1-cis6), acid 2008; Acimovic of acid al., al., 2015; et et isomers Petroselinic al., Ahmad Cosge positional Sayed et 2009; 1998). 2019; al., Nguyen with et al., 2016; al., oil Vidrih, et al., et 2010; (0.8-1.9%), Hayat 20% et al., stearic 2020; acid to et Rebey or al., palmitic Barros 3 2018; et C18:0 or 2015; from al., Chiyaneh (0.3-4%), C16:0, contain (Rezaei et acid (1-17%), (0-0.4%) Agarwal can linolenic acid acid 2018; or they linoleic arachidic C18:3(N3) or and or (0-6.5%), C18:2 fennel, Huang, C20:0 acid (25-83%), and in and myristic isomers acids or He C18:1 fatty C14:0 being 2015; (0-13%), of acids 1998). Ozcan, location fatty al., and storage major et (Matthaus the Reiter, main 1995; mass) the al., seed are et Seeds of Gupta 2008; (12-20% al., content et acid Cosge fatty 2011; high and kg/ha), onclmvulgare Foeniculum ° vntmeaue 0mnsai ie 0 uhvlm,6 ug ie two time, purge s 60 volume, flush 70% time, static min 10 temperature, oven C 2 ° lti ad–lysi.Mna lmnto fwesadrglrirrigation regular and weeds of elimination Manual soil. sandy–clay in plot ordc osuecnetblw1% n hnaot13go the of g 1.3 about then and 10%, below content moisture reduce to C var. vulgare 2 adae rvddb h edbn fCleeof College of bank seed the by provided landraces ) 2 o ahlnrc in landrace each for Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h 0fne adae aidcnieal o oa i otn Tbe1 iue2,rnigfo . o2%of 16.7 23% to and 9.5 maturities, from 13.45 ranging was medium 2), content Figure oil among average 1; (Table The content mass. oil seed concentrations total ripened for dried acids considerably on varied based fatty landraces fennel 9.0, for 50 SAS The oil and using performed fixed mass), were for variance (seed contents. of which seeds oil Analyses Results (%), for ripened oil. design fixed percentage dry block total a g complete ml 100 randomized as 100 per a oil reported per acid for were fatty oil used ml concentrations fixed means protocol (2017). acids ml 250 The al. fatty means data. of et and Alameldin contents final temperature contents by the source detail oil obtain ion mass in to Fixed an quadrupole described program single and is a MassLynx delay analysis and solvent the GC-MS eV and in min 70 extraction 3 processed at was a operated result with source 250 GC-MS operated ionization temperature electron was inlet an and ml, had analyzer 1 system was MS volume The injection ml/min. hexane, and acetate ethyl oecai hmtp)oiiae rmrgoswt r n amciae(atr arsMountains, Zagros (Eastern climate warm and dry a which with 3), regions Table from 4; originated (Figure chemotype) (34.95 profiles acid acid ( linoleic fatty (62.3 of their acid contents oleic on of contents (0.47 7.67 based higher acid contained was arachidic grouped 1 acids Group were groups. fatty two landraces yielded acid. saturated fennel stearic mean and twelve acid the The palmitic while of acid), composed was linoleic mostly mostly which acid, 91.55 fatty was landraces; landraces 59.43 twelve polyunsaturated Arak including landraces. the among and Sari 2; acids Fozveh, (Table and fatty Khash, content Shahr unsaturated Meshkin the of lauric percentage to to mean and acid belonged The linoleic (0.12-0.83%) acid of acid most oleic amounts arachidic the of highest these, acid (0.35-1.07%), the amounts linolenic Among acid and highest (0.3-4.1%), samples. myristic The acid the palmitic and (0.15-0.58%). different in (26-39%), (1.3-2.4%), acid Sixteen acid oil acid linoleic 2). total (52-64%), (Table stearic the results acid GC-MS (0.6-3.6%), of the oleic by 99.5% were to quantified acids similar constituted were fatty were which abundant landraces University identified, twelve State were the Michigan acids of to fatty compositions brought samples Oil seed 2012. twelve from the of percentages Oil ml/m 44 content and oil total ml/m and 85.4 2015), ml/m and al, (71.4 et (ml/m landrace (Bahmani yields works Sari oil published fennels study, previously our this of in one data 21 from data with yield content seed oil Using highest the 23 had with Sari 19.55 contents fennels, with maturity oil landraces highest Mahalat the and had Arak, Hamedan, to 17.5 belonged types maturity m acid. (30 oleic column is DB-23 which a FAME C18:1, GC, 37-component of The In internal isomer performed. C18:1-9cis as were external gas a replications as technical had mixture TRACE methyl standard three standard FAME Thermo sample, 37-components C19:0 mix each a using For (GC-MS). of quantified used. ng/ml) (FAMEs) were spectrometry 400 and standard to mass (0.4 identified deionized methyl concentrations DSQII ml were acid four and fatty 5 with esters standard, containing and methyl coupled phase chloroform acids Ultra supernatant ml fatty chromatography the 1 and day, These following sample, separated. each The was to temperature. added room were at water overnight kept were H samples : ml 1 then and ± .6,rsetvl.Aogmdu auiis h avah,Kh,adMsknSarlandraces Shahr Meshkin and Kohn, Marvdasht, the maturities, medium Among respectively. 0.26%, 2 epciey eetehgetolyedn landraces. oil-yielding highest the were respectively) , 2 epciey,adaogerymtrte aa ae,adRfajnlnrcs(53 49.8, (65.3, landraces Rafsanjan and Saqez, Fasa, maturities early among and respectively), , ± .7%,adplii cd(3.24 acid palmitic and 0.070%), 2 SO 4 × ± 51b oue a de oec apeadmxdfrafwmnts The minutes. few a for mixed and sample each to added was volume) by (5:1 2 .3) n ioei cd(2.13 acid linolenic and 1.23%), ± ,aogmdu auiisMsknSaradMqa adae (92.4, landraces Moqhan and Shahr Meshkin maturities medium among ), .5m i.d. mm 0.25 .3 oonauae at cd otyoecai,ad32.12 and acid, oleic mostly acid, fatty monounsaturated 1.33% 2 o h 0lnrcswr siae Fgr ) mn aematurity late Among 3). (Figure estimated were landraces 50 the for ) ± ± .% 20.5 1.7%, .8 mn aemtrte.Tehgetolcnet mn early among contents oil highest The maturities. late among 1.08% × ± .5m l hcns)wsue,srnewse oeby done washes syringe used, was thickness) film mm 0.25 .8,ad19 and 0.58%, 3 ± .6)ta ru ,wiegop2cnandhigher contained 2 group while 2, group than 0.16%) ± ± .4 mn al auiylnrcs 17 landraces, maturity early among 0.44% 0.57%. ± ± .7,rsetvl,adaogtelate the among and respectively, 0.27%, .8) adae nlddi ru 1 group in included Landraces 0.38%). ± .5) tai cd(1.91 acid stearic 0.95%), ° ,adhlu o aeo 1.3 of rate flow helium and C, ± .5,18.5 1.15%, ± .4 ftettloil total the of 0.54% ± ° .Teraw The C. .6,and 0.86%, ± ± ± ± 0.11%), 0.63%, 0.74% 1.37% Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. h enllnrcscmrsn ru ,cmae otoei ru ,hdtehge mut fmo- of amounts higher the had 2, group in those to compared (62.6 1, acid acids group fatty oleic comprising nounsaturated and landraces temperature number fennel but between higher The reported, relationships a (2016) analyzing potential Definitely, Arts clarify reported. and (2018) could these al Hixson with climates et production. what compatible different Raziei are to and from results (2019) similar samples as- al our was of is et part, which positively Mustiga most acid, what while the phytoplankton un- of oleic For acid, that of opposite about linoleic. linolenic reported production as except as (2016) such the studies, such Arts acids, increase acids, previous and fatty fatty can Hixson omega-6 omega-3 temperature with acids. with lower sociated linoleic associated that and negatively reported oleic is (2018) as (Mustiga temperature al con- such concentrations acid acids, et acid stearic fatty Raziei oleic and saturated and Also, arachidic, linoleic 2019). palmitic, impacts with al., can negatively associated et here, positively temperature is found increasing temperature while we that be centrations what reported could one’s like been programs. other pattern pattern has environmental screening the A It a by reduce preliminary acids). such and throughput be components linoleic high for may the and in reason which of breeders oleic acid, one One help between toward linoleic observed 2018). more correlation and pathway been al., (negative have the acid et production climate shift oleic may Raziei to pattern for factors related 2019; pathway This These factors warm al., factors. biosynthetic by climate. and et profiles shared cool dry acid (Mustiga partially and fatty a the species experienced in humid with plant condition Changes a regions environmental many time. with the from long in to regions a originated as pathways for from chemotypes such biochemical ancestors chemotypes acid members, of by Apiaceae adaption acid oleic Amin evolutionary other 2014; linoleic The potential in Sowbhagya, al., 2009). high 2016; shows acids et al., al., fatty the Reiter 2015; et 1995; major et and Uitterhaegen al., al., the 2016; Saleh climate et et of al., Gupta Bogdanov 2010; et one 2018; 2006; 2015; (Gao al., also al., al., carrot al., et et is et and et Singh acid coriander, Ahmad 2008; Acimovic similar oleic , al., Sayed celery, 2015; is that et 2019; dill, al., which Cosge reported al., et 2009; is acid, al., et Nguyen It linoleic et Hayat 2016; 1998). Vidrih, and 2020; al., 2010; acid al., et al., et oleic et Rebey 50 Barros were Chiyaneh 2018; The fennels al., (Rezaei crop. et studied fennel oil Agarwal twelve on seed yields. the studies oil new in previous Shahr, highest a to compositions Meshkin the of as Abad, oil producing amounts candidate Haji Rafsanjan main high Sari, good and The produce with Saqez, a Fasa, yield, to is Marvdasht, oil oil potential acids, Alamot, for current its diversity fatty Kohin, our considerable to Moqhan, unsaturated diversify exhibited due of to landraces also fennel, percentage fennel and bitter Iranian high demands, that a market indicate with increasing oil here meet to presented necessary Results is crops. mountains). crops Alborz oil northern new from and Finding originated Mountains, chemotype) Zagros acid western (linoleic (the 2 climate Discussion group cool in and landraces humid a the with while regions mountains), Alborz southern and oprdt hs ngop1 h adae rmgop2oiiae rmco/e lmts a higher a had climates, cool/wet from (15.6 originated acids, 2 fatty (37.1% group 1 from saturated group landraces to in the unsaturated those 1, of than group acids ratio in polyunsaturated those more to had 2 Compared group from those while cmvc . ooi,S,Ksaioi,L,Sakvc . vtoi,M 05 hrceiaino fatty of Characterization 2015. M. Cvetkovic, J., Stankovic, oils. L., edible Kostadinovic, healthy S., of Popovic, source yielding M., high Acimovic, evaluated a the as all Therefore, considered landrace. among be yielding oil to potential Reference to highest studies great the unsaturated also further has was of for landrace (0.05) ratios This it oil. omega-6 0.05, high recommend edible we of to with and source landrace, omega-3 potential 0.05, a Shahr and as 0.06, Meshkin landraces (15.85), 0.06, the acids (0.11, consideration, fatty into omega-6 saturated points to these Shahr, omega-3 all Meshkin of Taking Rafsanjan, Sari, ratios Qazvin, highest profiled, acids. the landraces fatty fennels had respectively) twelve landraces the Chahestan Among use. and human for oil of ± .%v 55 vs 0.9% ± .% n lostrtdftyais(8.8% acids fatty saturated also and 1.2%) ± . s10.8 vs 1.6 4 ± .) hc ae hmhatirsources healthier them makes which 0.8), ± ± . s28.5% vs 1.2 . s6.1% vs 0.7 ± ± 0.6), 0.4). Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. isn .M,At,M .21.Ciaewrigi rdce ordc mg-,ln-hi,polyunsatu- long-chain, 2744-2755 omega-3, 22(8): reduce Biology. to Change predicted Global is phytoplankton. warming vulgare. in Climate Foeniculum production 2016. spice: acid T. medicinal fatty M. a rated Arts, of M., bioactivities S. and Hixson, 3595-3600 chemistry 5: of Res. review Plant A Med 2011. J conventional B. and Huang, microwave W., of He, Effect Industrial seed. 2019. 1-8 fennel U. of 140: potential M. antioxidant Products. Tahir, and and 73-76 minerals A., acids, Crops 68: S. fatty Agriculture. constituents, Shahzad, phenolic and S., on Food Constituents heating Hussain, oven Biochemical of S., of Science Changes Abbas, the Metabolic K., of 1995. Hayat, Journal K. vulgare). S. (Foeniculum Arora, Seeds K., Fennel V. Developing Gupta, in K., K. Thakral, Composition K., tri- Food Gupta, and of Journal distribution CO2. 26-33 positional supercritical using 45: acid seeds fatty Analysis. carrot yield characteristics, and from oil Physicochemical extracted oil essential and 2016. in maximum J. composition seed for Birch. glyceride of density S., Yang, stand yield F., Optimum 646-650 on Gao, 2006. 41(3): spacing A. Hortscience. plant V. crops. Dragar, fennel and C., commercial sowing R. in 605-606 of Menary, 33(9): M., date Pharmazie. L. Mill.). of Falzari, vulgare effect (Foeniculum The fennel of 1978. oil N. volatile Research. Abdallah, fennel Product sweet S., Natural vulgare). from El-Gengaihi, var. oil Mill. essential vulgare and (F. acids fruits 1011-1016 Natural fatty fennel (12): bitter of Column. and 22 Characteristics dulce) Capillary 2008. var. B. Polar Mill. Gurbuz, vulgare Com- a (F. and Oil B. with Essential Kiralan, Chromatography B., of Cosge, Gas Determination using Simultaneous 1619-1626 Fennel 2015. 10(9): in (Foeniculum Communications. M. Acids fennel Stefova, Product Fatty of B., composition and 814-818 J. nutritional 43: Bogdanov, ponents Technology. The and N., 2010. Science M. R. Food Bogdanov, inflorescences. F. and C. stems I. leaves, fennel Ferreira, Shoots, of M., 1530-1547 vulgare): diversity 14(5): A. Phytochemical Research. Carvalho, 2016. Agronomy L., M. origins. Barros, Sticklen, and types D., and growth Alfekaiki, Agro-morphological various Faleh 282-294 2015. from A., 77: A. landraces Darbandi, Products. Akbari, Izadi and N., Crops K., Moradi, Industrial Bahmani, 275-285 landraces. A., 19: Iranianfennel H. diversity Plants. various Ramshini, genetic Medicinal of the A., diversity and of of phytochemical Darbandi, Spices Assessment Assessment Herbs, Izadi 2013. of A. 2012. K., Journal A. Bahmani, M. markers. Jafari, RAPD Farajpour, A., 79-84 by S. 4(9): A., fennels Noori, Science. S. Iranian Sadat Agricultural A., in of Noori, Darbandi, Journal Sadat Izadi markers. K., A., ISSR Bahmani, using A. fennels Jafari, Iranian and A., in oil diversity Darbandi, cumin genetic black Izadi 24(12): of Researches. K., composition Product chemical Bahmani, the Natural of formulations. study transdermal A from 2010. enhancement M. 1151-1157 Ali, penetration B., on Industrial Ali, effect Biomass. K., Vegetative its Kohli, L.) ., mays Mir, Seed- Zea S., of (Maize; Amin, Production Corn 2017. 526-534 in M. 108: Sticklen, Bodies Products. D., Oil Jones, and in V., Increase Crops Oil Balan, and A., constituents Essential S. of oil Storage Smith, fatty Journal Like A., and India. Darbandi, Izadi essential of H., of regions Alameldin, Prevalence semi-arid 2018. in 40-51 G. grown scientific 21(1): genotypes Lal, Plants. international mill) K., Bearing Sixth vulgare L. (Foeniculum Serbia. Sharma, fennel in N., in growing S. Saxena, fruits D., fennel Agarwal, bitter and sweet Agrosym from symposium, oil agricultural essential and acids 5 Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ig,V . iaaaSsr,E .20.Gntcvrac n xetdslcinrsos nfennel in response selection expected and variance 63-64 Genetic 66(1): Genetics. 2006. 745-752 of V. Journal 17: E. Indian Control. Food Sastry, Miller). antiox- Divakara vulgare and extract. (Foeniculum antifungal acetone V., constituents, its V. Chemical and oil Singh, 2006. volatile 745-752 C. vulgare Catalan, 17: Foeniculum P., Control. of M. Food potential Lampasona, idative extract. S., acetone Maurya, antioxidative its and G., antifungal and Singh, constituents oil Chemical volatile 2006. vulgare disease C. Foeniculum cardiovascular Catalan, of 674-688 P., in potential Lampasona, 233(6): ratio S., Medicine. acid Maurya, G., and fatty Singh, Biology omega-6/omega-3 Experimental the of diseases. chronic 92-98 importance seed other The 111: by-products and 2008. Products. and Fennel P. and the oil A. 2018. Crops Fennel of O. Simopoulos, Industrial overview Merah, applications. applications. A., An potential 201-210 Chokr, potential their H., 2013. their 13(2): and Kanaan, and R. Chemistry. characterization M., characterization Cerny, Medicinal C. seed A., in Cardoso, by-products Hijazi, Review and Z., S., Mini Saad, oil J. T., disease. Silva, Talou, and B., Da health Ahmad, C., Sayed in B. acid Peghini, oleic Jahangir- of R., flower. P. effects sowa) modulatory Souza, (Anethum dill H., of Campos, 1-8 composition Sales 32(2): acid Technique Fatty Science. A 2009. of Extraction: R. Journal Solvent University Islam, Accelerated nagar S., Roy, 1996. Kumar L. Scientia 033-1039 M., N. 68: Saleh, Porter, composition. Chemistry. L., Analytical acid J. Ezzell, fatty Preparation. A., Sample and B. for R. oil Jones, affected essential M. E., as B. yield, Morshedloo, Richter, L.) improving F., vulgaris for (Phaseolus Maggi, strategy bean A., 261 A common Javanmard, Horticulturae. with inoculation: M., L.) PGPR Machiani, vulgare (Foeniculum by Camelina Amani fennel in R., Intercropping profile Amirnia, acid 2020. fatty E., on Chiyaneh, 91-96 climate Rezaei 64(5): of of Biology. Effects – Molecular acid 2018. and cis-vaccenic H. Cellular and Rostami-Ahmadvandi, new sativa. oleic D., including of Kahrizi, – 498-502 Z., Journal profiles Raziei, 100(11): acid fatty Fett/. salinity. The oils. by 1998. seed affected E. Umbelliferae Lorbeer, different as essential M., and seeds Lechner, acid B., fatty Mill) in Reiter, 1233-1240 Variation vulgare 6: 2016. (Foeniculum Biotechnology. R. fennel and Ksouri, Agriculture B., sweet M. sciences, of Marzouk, R., composition Z. F. oil Molecules. Tounsi, Family. Saidani Apiaceae B., the I. Spec- Rebey, from Mass Fruits Flight Spicy of of Time Triacylglycerols GC/LC-Quadrupole Climate 21421-21432 and Mass of 20: Acids Accurate Fatty Identification 2015. of A. Beans. Analysis 2019. M. L. trometry Saleh, C. cacao M., Villela-Dias, J. Theobroma Aparicio, C., Motamayor, of T., Nguyen, P., 1-20 Composition Bizzotto, Acid J. 10: J., Fatty Marelli, Jansen, Science. and Content Plant E., S., in Royaert, Seguine, Control Frontiers A., That B., Factors DuVal, E. Genetic C., Cahoon, and J. L., Stack, Mei, J., vitamin-E-active C., Morrissey, 124-133 of M., distributions 4: and G. Antioxidants. composition Mustiga, oils. acid seed fatty content, fruit Oil some 35(2): of 2015. Ethnopharmacology. M. compounds J. M. Ozcan, IV. B., Shanidar Matthaus, grave paleolithic Science. middle American a of in Journal plants 263-266 Medicinal densities. 1992. cultivation J. plant Lietava, vulgare different Foeniculum by of affected 338 yield and as pp 1098-1100 content seeds York. Oil 6(11): New Soroksary 2010. Wiley, M. cv. John Tabatabaei, Fakhr Plants. Mill. S., Medicinal Mirahmadi, of Fazel J., Processing Khorshidi, and cultivating The 1992. L. Hornok, 6 Posted on Authorea 26 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161435697.70652571/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. fatty-acid-content-and-composition-among-iranian-fennel-landraces Figures.pdf file Hosted of Journal Czech fatty-acid-content-and-composition-among-iranian-fennel-landraces vegetables. green in Tables.pdf acids fatty higher file of Hosted Content Molecules. 125-129 2009. acid. J. 27: Talou, petroselinic Hribar, O., Sciences. of S., Food Merah, source P., Filip, as Evon, R., oil M., Vidrih, Cerny, coriander French D., of W. Characterization Greyt, P., 1-13 2016. I. 21(9): V. E. C. 389-98 Delbeke, Stevens, A., 54(3): T., K. Nutrition. Sampaio, L.): and E., graveolens Science (Apium Uitterhaegen, Food celery in of Reviews functions nutraceutical Critical and overview. technology, Chemistry, an 2014. B. H. Sowbhagya, vial at available vial at available https://authorea.com/users/398380/articles/511014-variation-in- https://authorea.com/users/398380/articles/511014-variation-in- 7