00081765 BOAVBAY BRANCti
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Digitized with financial assistance from the Government of Maharashtra on 02 July, 2018
[PfcAtfi INSCfUPTlOM S Q P\-> HJ^AKOTI-PTOA'
COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTIONS
BELONGING TO
THE SRI SANJ^ARACHARYA OF THE KAMAKOTl-PITHA
00081765
00081765 EDITED BY T. A. GOPINATHA RAO. M.A., SUPERINTENDENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY, TRAVANCORE STATE. 817S5 ‘ A,
■.J. t.-
MADRAS: % ■ + * FEINTED AT THE LAW PRINTING HOUSE, MOUNT ROAD 1916
[A// Rights Reserved,]
DEDICATED
WITH KIND Perm ission TO HIS HOLINESS ^KICHANDEA^EKHARENDRA SARASVATI SVAMI, THE PRESENT JAGAD GURU ON THE PONTIFICAL THRONE OF KANOHI KAMAKOTI PiTHA OP THE GREAT JAGAD GURU ^Rl ^ aijikarabhagavatp Ad Ao h Arya .
CONTENTS.
------PAGES. Introduoiion . ... 1—5 No. i. An Inscription of the reign of Vijaya-Gari^a- gdpaladeva ... 7 — 14 No. II. An Inscription of the reign of Vira Nara- simhadeva, ^aha Samvat 1429 ... 15—35 No. III. Another Inscription of the same king and of the same year ... 37—47 No. IV. An Inscription of the reign of Kvishpa- dovaraya, Saka Samvat 1444 ... 49—64 No. V. Another Inscription of the same king, Saka Samvat 1450 ... 65—79 No. VI. A Fragmentary Inscription of the Vijaya- nagara kings of the Karn4ta or the last dynasty. 81—87 No. VII. An Inscription of the time of Vijaya Bagbunatha Tbndaiman of Padukkottai, Saka Samvat 1613 ... 89—97 No. VIII. An Inscription of the reign of Vijayarahga Chokkanatha Nayanayyavaru, Saka Samvat 1630 99-112 No. IX. A Firman of the Emperor of Delhi (?), •' Hiiira 1088 <..113—12B No. X. An Inscription of Saka Samvat 1608 ...125—137
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.
Ki^ishpadavaraya and bis Queens Obinnadeviyammanavarn and TirumaladSviyammanavaru. Abul Hassan Kutb Shah and Akkanna. Madanna and the fate of Akkanna and Madanna.
INTRODUCTION.
h e copper-plate inscriptions published in this T brochure belong to the §ri Sahkaracharya Matha at Kumbhakonam. His Holiness the pre-- sent Svami of this mS,tha commanded me to edit all the copper-plate records preserved in the treasury of the matha and for this purpose placed for some time all the original documents lit my disposal. Impressions of these grants were prepared.under my supervision and ’their te?ts are**edited from the paper impressionj^^thus obtained. ‘Th§ records are ^en in number. They consist of:— (1) liu inscription of the reign of Vijayaganda- I, ** ^ ^ ^ gopaladeva engraved upon . a single plate which beldngs to a'set of-which all others arejost: the remaining plate, the one available now, is the last one of the se t: (2 & 3) two inscriptions "l^elonging to. the 'reign of the VijayanagaraTking Vira Narasimha, the elder brother of the great Krishnadevaray^,. These are complete documents; (4 & 6) two inscriptions of the time of Krishnadevaraya; INTEODUCTION. (6) a fragment consisting of the first plate of a set whose other plates are lost; (7) an inscription of the time of the Puduk- kottai king Vijaya-Eaghunatharaya Tondaiman; (8) an inscription belonging to the reign of the Madura Nayaka king, Vijayaranga-Chokkanath- ,ayya; (9) an inscription partly in Sanskrit, partly in Persian and partly in Telugu, a firman issued by the Emperor of Delhi (?); and (10) lastly an inscription of the time of Akkanna and Madanna, the two brahmana minis ters of the Kutb SHahi Sultans. From a study of these documents it becomes patent that the Kamakoti-pitha was situated in Kanchipuram till at least A.D; 1686. During the earlier part of the stay, at Kanchipura of the svamis of this line they had their matha in Vishnu Kanchi, on the west of the temple of Hastisailanatha, that is, of the Varadarajasvamin; it is only at .a com paratively later period a hew matha seems to- have been erected in ^ivakanchi. Owing to the frequent raids of the Mussalmans on the flourishing town of Kanchipuram, the svamis were put to great incon venience in the performance of thei-r duties and the tradition, which is a comparatively recent One and INTEODUOTION. consequently worth, believing, states that Pratapa- simha, the Eaja of Tanjore invited the then svami of the Kamakoti-pitha to shift his head-quarters temporarily to his capital city, Tanjore, and that the invitation was accepted and the svami immi grated into Tanjore with the golden image of Kamakshi. The Tanjore Baja received the svami with due honours, built for him a matjia as also a temple- for the Goddess Kamakshi. Finding Kumbhakonam better suited to the inclinations and duties of the svami, he expressed his desire to spend his time there; a new matha was erected for him at Kumbhakonam on the bank of the river Kaveri, -which continues to the present time the head-quarters of the svamis of the Kamakoti-pitha; thenceforth it begar»-to be known as the Kumbha konam matlia of ^ahkaracharya. There is a stone inscription in the matha belonging to the reign of the Tanjbre king, Sarfoji, which is dated the .^aka year 1^43; it states that he constructed the temple {i.e., matha) for the residence of (the god) Chandra- mauMvara (the aspect of 6iva worshipped in the matha).* The second compartment in which this
INTRODUCTION. inscription is found is said to have been erected when prince Sarfoji returned from Benares. Before that, the puja-griha was in the first compartment and it is still known by the name of palaya pujai ullu. Kegarding' the traditional history of the. Kamakoti-pitha, its antiquity and its superiority over the other mathas of ^ankaracharya, a number of Sanskrit works have been w ritten; of these the most important one is the Guru-mtnamalika-stdtram by Sada^ivabrahm^ndra Sarasvati with a commentary on it written by Atmabodhendra Sarasvati; both the author and the commentator were students in ■ and eventually occupied the pontifical seat in this matlia. They lived in the latter half of the 17th century A.D. Both of them have collected all the facts then available to them and put them, into* «*• their works, but how far they have prov’ed 'them selves critical will be shown in a separate article which I am preparing for publication elsewhere. We learn the names of four svamis, their time and their contemporaries from the records under review, namely:—
INTEODUCTION.
Contemporary No. Date. Name of the Svami. king.
1 • • « Sad^iva Sarasvati; his disciple, 2 S’1429Mahadeva Sarasvati Vlra Narasirbha- deva. [S’1444Chandrasekhara Sarasvati KrishnadSvarAya. Q (disciple of Mahadeva 0 Sarasvati). ls ’1450 Do. Do, S*1608 Mabad3v3ndra Sarasvati Abul Hasan (disciple of Chandra- Kutbsbab. sekhara). (Akkapua and Madappa).
From the records belonging to the ^rihgeri Jaghir•published by Mr. L. Bice in his Epigraphia CarnaticarVol. VI, pp. 190,'206, we learn that the earliest available record found in that matha is dated A.D. 1346; whereas the earliest known document in the custody of the Kumbhakonam matha belongs to the year A.D. 1291. li we may judge of the relative antiquity of the two mathas from the epigraphical records existing with them at present, we are obliged to state that the Kumbhakoniam matha seems to be older; but, I am fully aware th a t such a conclusion is and can not be final.
No. 1. AN INSCRIPTION OF THE REIGN OF VIJAYAGANDA GOPALA DBVA.
^ r^H E subjoined inscription is engraved on the A first side of a single plate which is the last one of a set, the remaining plates of which are lost. The plate is shaped ex^iotly like those of the Vijayanagara period and has a ring hole on the curved top-portion; it had no ring when it came to I me for examination. The record is written in Grantha characters resembling those of the inscription at ^rirangam of Jatavarman Sundara Pandya which is edited in jSp. Ind. Vol. I l l ; (See plate facing p. 14). The language of the inscription is Sanskrit. It records that the gift of the village of Ambikapuram was made to the 6ankaracharyasvami, for feeding daily 108 brahmanas, by 6ri Vijaya Gandagopaladeva, on the tenth tztkz of the bright fortnight of the solar month Karkataka of the cyclic year Khara; this ^Ri ^ai Sk4r 5:oharya matha inscriptions . day corresponded with a Monday and the nakshatra which has Mitra as its deity. Eegarding the date, the Hon. Mr. L. D. Swamikkannu Piljai, m.a ., LL. B., B. L., etc. has kindly supplied me -with the* following particulars ; “ Khara: Siirya in Karkataka rasi, Monday, ^ukla Dvadasi and the nakshatra which has for its deity Mitra who presides over Anuradha. I find however that in A. D. 1291, which was Khara, on Monday, 9th July, the titlii ended at 53 ghatikd,s after mean sunrise while nakshatra Jyeshtha was current on the same day, having begun at 21 gliatikas after sunrise on the previous day when nakshatra Anuradha ended. I believe therefore that the date meant is Monday, 9th July 1291 A.D., and that the nakshatra for the day was Jyeshtha.; not Anura.dha which is presided over by Mitra. The solar month was Karkataka.” The boundaries of the village Ambikapuram are given as follows :—On the west Oriddhrapuram, on the east Kanehipuram, on the south Kaidaduppur village and on the north ^irunanni; it is said to have been situated on the north of the river Vegavati in the Eyir- kottam. The ^ankaracharyasvami, the donee of the grant, is mentioned as residing in a mapia situated on the west of the temple of the god Hastisailanathasvami and that he was ever engageS VIJAYAGANPA GOPALA DfiVA INSCRIPJION. % ia giving instruction in VedSnta to his disciples and feeding brahmanas. ■» The initial -date of the reign of the king Vijayagandagopala is known from other inscrip tions to be A. D. 1260. This Telugu-choda king, whose political relationship with the regular line of the Gholas, which ended with Eajendrach5la III, son of Rajaraja III, is unknown, was governing the Tondaimandalam soon after the Pandya inroads were over. The record under consideration, should have belonged to the 31st year of his reign. In his Annual Report on Epigraphy for the year 1916, Mr. H. Krishna ^astri writes, “ It is not clearly stated in the record if the matha presided over by the ^ahkaracharya herein referred to was identical with the ^ahkaracharya matjia at Conjee- varam”. I fail to realise the difficulty of Mr. §astri in the matter of the identification of the matha mentioned in the record with that now known as the ^ankarachaprya matha o ( Conjeevaram (or Kumbhakonam). The main functions of the gurus of the ^ahkaracharya matha are the performance of Vuj& to the image of Chandramaulisvara, BrQ,hmana santarpana or the feeding of the brahmanas and Advaita upadesa; it is usual to refer to these three items in every letter issued from .the matha to hishyas. All these three functions are mentioned SEI SANKARAOHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. also in the copper-plate, namely, nityannadana, nigamanta-rahasydrtha-vivarana and the name Indumauli, the words guru, and sishya; all these clearly indicate the matha as that of ^ahkaracharya of Conjeevaram. Besides these, the copper-plate under notice is at the present time in the possession of the svdmi of the Kumbhakonam (Kanchi Kamakoti) matha, who claims through an unbroken line of succession, descent in the Kamakoti matha. These facts appear to point clearly to the identity of the Sahkaracharya matha of the inscription with the Sankaracharya matha of Conjeevaram. The following are the names of places, etc., which occur in this document:—Ambikapuram, Griddhrapuram, Kanchipuram, Kaidaduppur, Sirunanni, Eyir-kottam, the river Vegavati and Hastisailam. Ambikapuram is now known as Ambi and is situated on the west of Kanchipuram. Grid dhrapuram is a meaningless translation of the Tamil name Tirupputkuli. Eyir-kottAm takes its name from the village of Eyil in the South Arcot District. Kanchipuram also belonged to this Kottam which was evidently divided into two halves by the river Vegavati and in the northern of the two divisions was situated the village of Ambikapuram. Vegavati is the small river which passes through the town of Kanchipuram and empties itself into the»Pala,r
10 VIJAYAGANPA GOPALA DEVA INSCRIPTION. near Timmarajanpettai. On the south of Ambi there is a village named Kadirpur and on the north another named ^irunai. These may be identical with the Kaidaduppur and ^irunanni of our record. Hastisailam is the Attiyur of the Vaishnavas, that is, the present Vishnu-Kahchi; the temple of the God Varadaraja is situated on a raised platform which is called the Jiastihailam. There is said to be a deserted mailiam near the temple of Varadaraja, which belongs to the ^ahkaracharyas of the Kamakoti-pitha. But, at a later period, the matha had been shifted to §iva-Kanchi. In the Mathamnaya, the name of the temple near which the Kamakoti ^arada matha was situated is said to be Satyavratakshetra, another name of Attiyur. Hence the matha should have been situated in Vishnu-Kanchi and near the temple of Varadaraja- svami. TEXTi. .
V. I [R *] sn^ 1. From inked impceaeions. 1. Read 2. Reaa 5. Read ^ 3. Metre of veraea 1—12 3T g^
11 sRi sa n k a r I o h Aey a m ath a inscriptions . 5^ vjqWhi.® [i*] I [\\^] 3- v». rT?Rt 5 5 1 ^ I I [i^*] 211^- \ ^. %7Tf%;i8| ?V3. 9^qr [I] ^q?f(W»Tt- U . [II ^o*] 22?|5rf^jg^ ^ 6. Read 15. Read irf5i??[^ 7. Read 16. Read ¥^RW: 8. Read 5f«r^q- 17. Read 9. Read 18. Bead qWfcT: 10. Read JTTf^R 19. Read SlW 11. Read q f ^ 20. Read »!WT 12. Read 21. Read 13. Read 22. Read 14. Read ^Tun^ 12 Inscription of Vijaya-Gandagopaladeva, No. I. 1 3 S 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 91 33 SCALE O. 6. Half-tone By I’hoto-Engraving Co., Madras. T. A. Gopinatha Uao . VIJAYAGANPA GOPSLA DfiVA INSOEIPTION. [ l i n * ] ^ o . Irqt^^gqr- «iS)^ujc®®B7£_Q ABSTEAbT OF CONTENTS. §ri §ankararya-guru, residing in the matha situated on the west of the temple of Hastisaila- natha is expounding the Vedanta to his disciples and is delighting in feeding daily a number of brahmanas. To him, in the year Khara, when the sun was in the auspicious Karkatakarasi, in the nakshatra which has Mitra as its deity, in the bright fortnight conjoined with a Monday, the tenth tithi, in this auspicious muhurtta, for feeding sumptuously every day a hundred and eight brahmanas, the village of Ambikapuram was grant ed. The boundaries of this village are, on the east, Griddhrapura; on the west, Kanchipura; on the south, Kaidaduppur and on the north ^irunanni. This village is situated on the north of the river 23. Read VTJW 25. Read 24. Read ^ 13 i i l ^ANKAE^eaM lA MAT0A IN'SOEIEDIONS. VegavAti aEd is surrounded by gardens contAking coeoanut, mangOj jack, |j)Ai£nyrA And otbnr trees ; is sweet-smeHiag with the flowers of various trees in tbe gardens ; is situated in tbe Byirkottain and is naked AinbikApuranii; by tbis grant (to tbe $vaim) tbn gratifleation of tbe god of tbe teni|>le on tbe Eiasti^iia iS songbt for as lOng as tbe sun and tbe moon last. Witb an intensely ^ious mind medi tating upon god, tbe king, ^ri Gandagbpalairobola, (granted this village) to ^ankararya-y§gi, signing tbis deed of land-grant witb bis own band, witb tbe^ ex|>eetation of obtaining great meiit for making tbis grant. BetWeebHbe proteotion of obarity and tbe giving of it,, tbe former is of greater merit than tbe latter; by gift (only) svarga (wbicb is transient) is obtained, but proteotion aflorda abode in tbe imperisbable region (a more desirable place than swarga). 14 No. II. AN INSCRIPTION OF THE REIGN OF VIRA NARASIMHADEVA SAKASAMVAT 1429. 'T ' h e inscription edited below is written in Nandinagari characters and in the-Sanskrit language, and is engraved upon three plates; on the first side of the first plate there is writing, but cut so faintly that to take a good impression is not easy; it begins an inscription with the usual Gaij,adhipataye namali and Namastuhga, &c. Evidently, the engraver did not mean that the writing on this side should be taken into account. The regular beginning of the record under consi deration is found only on the second side of the first plate and ends on the first side of the last plate. Though the preservation of the inscription is good, its execution is very shabby ; the engraver begins it with big bold letters on the first plate and 15 :^EI ^ANKABAOHAEYA MATHA INSCEIPTIONS. reduces the size of the letters in the subsequent plates to less than a third of those on the first side. The alphabet itself is rather peculiar and the formation of the letters somewhat curious. The grant belongs to the reign of the Vijaya- nagara king, Vira Narasimhadeva, the eldest son of Narasa Nayaka and the elder brother of the illustrious Krishnadevaraya. The genealogy of the king is, as usual, traced from the moon ; Budha, Pnruravas, Ayu, Nahusha, Yayati and Turvasuare claimed to be their ancestors by the members of the Tuluva dynasty, that is, the dynasty to which Vira Narasiihha and Krishnadeva belonged. The really historical genealogy is as follows : — Timma, md. DSvaki. Tsvara, md. Bukkama Narasa. I I a. by Tippaji. 6. by NSigala^ - Vira Narasimha. Kriabparaya. Of these, Narasa, the father of the donor, is said to have given with due ceremonies the sixteen maha-ddtnas in such holy places as Bamesvara, etc. Constructing a bridge across the.JKaveri when it 16 INSCRIPTION OP ViRA NARASIIIHADSVA. was ia full flood, he crossed over it and captured the town of Srirahgapattana and set up, there a pillar of victory ; then, he conquered the Ohera, the Chola, the Pandya, the king of Madhura, the Turushkas and the G-ajapati king. His son by Tippaji was Vira Narasiihha, the donor of this and the next grant. The one under notice is dated S’1429 said to be oorresponding to the cyclic year Sukla: in this year, on the Magha-punyakala in the month of Magha, the king ViraNarasimha granted the villages of Bliohchur and Venpakkam to Mahadeva Sarasvati, the disciple of Sadasiva Saras- vati, in the presence of the god Virupaksha, on the bank of the river Tuhgabhadra. The village Eli- chchijr belonged to the Nirvalur-parru which was situated in the Chahgalipattu Sima, belonging to the ^enkattu-kkottam, a sub-division of the Chan- dragirirajya of the Jayaohola-mandala. Its boundaries are given as follows :—On the north, Panyurutti; on the south P u d i; on the west, Paneyur and on the east Vadakkepakkain. The boundaries of Venpakkam are given as follows :— On the north Panyurutti; on the south, Ullavur; on the west, Varanavasi and on the east , At the end of the record occurs the sign-manual of A the king, the word Sri Virupaksha, written in the Telugu-Kannada characters. This copper-plate 17 ^BT S'ANKAEAOHAEYA MATHA INSOEIPTIONS. document was engraved by Viranasari, son of Mallanasari. It is worth noting that the title of the caste is written in this and the next document as Mari, the usual way in which it is pronounced at the present time, not as achari, as usual in other copperplate records. The year S’ 1429 does hot really correspond to the cyclic year §ukla, which falls in the year S’ 1432. The names of places, &c., which occur in this document are Jayachola-mandalam, Chandra- girirajyam,^ehkattu-kkottam, Chaugalippattu-sima, Nivalur-pattana, Paneyuru, Vadakkepakkam, Pan- yurutti, Pudi, Elichchuru, Ullaviiru, Andinadu, Varanavasi and Venpakkam. Of these, Jayachola- mandalam is the same as the Jayahgonda-chola- mandalam of the Choja period. Be it stated here that the Yijayanagara Empire, without meddling with the ancient divisions of the country which fell to its lot, retained the old divisions in almost all cases, Jayahgondachola-mandalam included the whole of Tondaimandalam and perhaps a few other parts of the country adjoining it. Chandragiri is the modern town of the same name and is the head quarters of the Chandragiri Taluka. It was made their seat of Government by the Saluvas before their usurpation of the throne of the Yijayanagara Empire; hence this division w,as retained as such 18 INSOEIPTION OF VIRA NARASDJIHADEVA. and called the Chandragiri-rajyam and a governor was appointed to preside over it. ^ehkattu-kottam is also an ancient nam e; it was, in the days of the Cholas, a sub-division of the Jayahgondachola- mandalam and takes its name from the village of ^ehgadu in the ChingleputTaluka.' Changalipattu- sima is a further sub-division of the §ehgattu-kkot- tem, but is made such evidently at a later time; it is named after Chengalpattu (the Sehgalunirpattu of the older inscriptions and the Chingleput of the pre sent day),the head-quarters of theTaluka of the same name and a junction station on the South Indian Railway. Nivalur-pattana, Paneyuru, Elichchuru, Pauyurutti, Varanavasi, Venpakkam, Ullavuru and Pndi are the same as Nirvalur, Panayiir, Eluchchur, Panrutti, Yaranavasi, Venpakkam, UllavQr and Pundi in the Conjeevaram Taluka. TEXT i. FIRST PLATE: SECOND SIDE. I [l q[g m I ^ ’^r- 1. From inked impressions 4. Road 2. Metre of verses 1-4 5. Read 3. Read ^3*1^ 19 sE i sankaeaohaeya m a th a inscriptions . ^ I [ R * ] ^ V®. fftonr^ [2 i]C r^ I [R *] [?r]- l 0. 5- U - 3 ^ T 3pRt^Rf5R^^ [f%]RcT:| I ?I?qi3^^5IfGR?T fR«T g^- ^ [R ] n . ^^^%q»t^ri^^^qi%^[fq]- [^:] {(*] [ 3] ^cDirf^. ______6. Read 15. Metre sm ^s^f^rR 7. Read q»^ 16. Other plates read 8. Read frnqnj?- 9. Read f^: I 10. Read pT: 17. Other plates read 11. Read ^rgftqt 12. Read g%qts?q ^ q^ 18. Metreof verses 6-8 3rg|q;^ 13. Read g t qqrf%: 19. Read rRft - 14. Other plates read ^<59 - 20. Read 8T5iT^l?npi^l^ ^ Oj^T: 20 First Inscription of Vfra Narasimha, No. ll. 16 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 SCALE O. 66. T. A. GoPiNAiiiA Kao . Half-Tons by i’nato-En^ravin^ Co,, Madras. INSCEIPTION OP VlEA NARASIMHADEVA. R R. iqqqf^d'*^qRT3:Rfi% qt qr^''®f^iHqq- R^. ^ r f^ r q » q q i3 ^qqT[f^]f^:i^®[lR^it]®°q>TXtqTS q^qr R??. qt it^^q qrq[3]^rqqrt R^. cqr q^qs^^fRpq^rp^] q|>=q^*[i*] [w»] fqr R^. qiDf qr qqr^ RV9. (q)[qj|t] 5^qqqqq^®qJ5qRRqrq:|[| ? 0 *]^®%? R 21. Read q^qi|qi^r»Rqr 31. Read JiT^qqit q^- 22. Read ^q^JT?q?TR^nfT 32. Read q r ^ 23. Read qq^fhfqqif^ 33. Read s^flTW 24. Read 34. Read 35. Read flry^^d^^HtqqqTJTr-. qqiq: 26. Read qqifqj^ 36. Metre of vereea 10-11 27. Read fqq^cft 37. Read qiwgsr grqf^T q 28. Read q t ^ 38. Read qq tf- 29. ReadS^tq PT>tqqq: 3 ^ ^ - 39. Read qfqJT 40. Read 30. Metre 41. Read qq^qiq. 21 SE! SANKAElOHAEYA MA^HA INSOEIPTIONS. i%qcr??n 5«TcnR‘**[llUll] l%arn%^^frr- fk^ 5T- \ ». ?rnRRT[ ^ ?ir fftcq i^?^^5FT®®?r35Jiiqr5r?rr: ['] ^ S. [Ii.^ »*]®^?i?rf5[R?r'N^ifq[g] »o. ?riT- 42.9TmRfk5$F$iwg^q^- 51. Read ^ : . 2RT J|«rra: 8?Ht- 52. Read ^r^RH^«T: %^^rT«5TRR 53. Read ht^tt fir^:^»r. 54. Read Ti|qRRiRfr: SiqraT. 43. Read 55. Read 44. Bead ^RTFiT 56. Read 45. Read ^sqh^. 57. Read qrr^I^ 46. Read 58. Read 47. Read Metre of yersesl2-13 59. Metre of verses 14-17^TO 3T3fl- 60. Read qprrqRFq^Rffc^Jr^ 48. 5[T?T55^nt^. 49. Read ^ ^ri^ 61. Read ^1% 50. Read 62. R ead f^ fq 22 First Inscription of Vira Narasimha, No. II. Ila 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 SCALE O. CC. T. A. Gopinatiia Kao . Half-Tone By Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCRIPTION OF ViRA NARASIliHADEVA. ^ Rf-®® V8. ^IrM ^ iTT% [^]oqPfr^- SECOND PL \TE : SECOND SIDE. »v®. ira 9%. ^T^n^rri'^ O I%oq^g'^'\siJTfq 5^r9[- <^o. ^ ifw f^ I |Ri^q%RWqjRqfqfi^[«r] / q=5r^PT^mf%^® [t] 5i/%RqRr[Rr] \ ^ '»*] Ri i q w R w ^ :l 63. Read 71. Read Rfll 23 ^El SANKARAOHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. I ^SRifT |?rr- ^rf^f^To ^iT^JTSR^bn^ ^ ?t:[II^ ©*] CR: 3^f%l%®®5rcfiq; I ^o. ^l%^T«r®®g?5rt: i ^ f . [^] w JTo^r n?iR f^ Hri% [^] 3^q5i% qttc[^ I ' ^qi8jRn%qt I [ ^ ? * ] q^i^iq^qr^qir=qi^q [1R»*] wirf^ss^'.^RRirq q^=^¥®[i*] ^nR^Rim- 80. Read 89. Read 81. Read 90. Read qc?f\ 82. Read ^5 T?tJPR 91. Metre of verses 22-34i rv '" 83. Read f^ffRR^qW 3rqf^ 92. Read 84. Read 1 % ^ ; 93. Read q iq k 85. Read JT^T^Rii^mT 94. Read 86. Read sjfrftstcnT; 95. Read ^fr^onf^ 87. Metre 96. Read sir fr t^ lTlTciT% 88. Read =^3wt; 24 First Inscription of Vira Narasimha, No. ll. 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 G1 63 65 67 69 71 SC.ILE O. G6. T. A. GOPINATllA R.vo'' Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSORIPTION OP VlEA NABASIIIHADEVA. qmif^qRTM 9TSH^®qtnf5i;[T] ^ ^ [ I I ^ ^ [I*] THIRD PLATE : PIEST SIDE, vs^. q^3^^°'’qfr5fRRHrf% I v»». q^sqrw [i^j [||qo3^[il]Jifr- v9«\. m o ^f%or [ ^ ] [i*] 'j/l'^rnir ^ [^r] m r 97. Read crq^r^ 107. Read 98. Read m\w 108. Read .99. Read 5fif^ qf|j# 109. Read JTRTRT^ 100. Read f^rwiWTflRr 110. - Read cS^T 101. Read g?:t 111. Bead JTr*TI?%oiW 102. Read 103. Read 112. Bead STIWT^RTRS^Ht 101. Bead 105. Read 113. Read S R ^ K 106. Read 25 SRl SA^TKARAOHARYA MAJHA INSCRIPTIONS. V9VS. I [i^^] q|5or- # [w ] i €tw [ i] vs^. Hr [5 ] i ^ i i%% ^ [ 11^ ^ * ] [hi] ^01 [qr] %§5rrHT3 <:o. i%HriW^® I ...... qi% m W “ HlfM [ 11^ ^ * ] ...... DJIT O ...... D^] W I ^1%^- o itcT^26^i%HonHT Hiri%(%r^^®f^cnti: 1 ^ ...... q t o lid. Read q^rqjrrHtq' ^2 1 . Read ?nsi# 115. Read 122. Read ^HcHT 116. Read ^%®lt I ^ 123. Read q^5$$Rimrq: 117. Bead|0=Eqtf^Hl^!rcfH; 124. Read ^qHflTnW 118. Read gqiHRSir^ff 125- Read 119. Read f^^THTI^Riq; 126. Read ^rf^cRfhof^^^ 120. Read 127. Read ^ 128. Read 5R3 26 First Inscription of Vira Narasimha. No. II. Ilia 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 dl 83 83 84 85 96 87 88 89 90 SCALE 0. 66. T . A. Gopinatha IL\o . Ilalf-Tone By Bhoto-Engraving Co., Madras INSOEIPTION OP ylRA NARASII^HADfiVA. it [?]...... 1%/^^®®^: I 3^01 ^v®, o ?rr^3i|-,*j^ ...... ^ q r - <,c. ^ ...... 1 qi^T3;0E3^ ^i] I [\^^'*} t t ^o. TEANSLATION. ADORATION TO SRI GANADHIPATI. (Verse 1). Adoration to ^ambhu (Siva) who is adorned as with a chamara, with the moon that kisses his lofty head, and who is the principal pillar, at the building of the city of the three worlds. (Verse 2). May the staff-like tusk of Hari (Vishnu) who assumed in sport the form of a boar ^ —resting on which the earth with Mount Meru as its apex resembled an umbrella, protect you. 129. Read 132. Read ^RT- 130. Metre ?TTf«5q^ =5^) 131. Read uf|[JTT 133. Read * Translations of verses 1, 3, 5 to 8,10 to 17, are of Dr. Hultzsoh; those of verses 2, 4 and 9 are of Messrs. Butter- worth and Venugopala Ohetti. 1. This refers to the boar incarnation of Yishpu. 27 ^El ^ANKAEAOHABTA MAT?HA INSCEIPTIONS. (Verse 3). May that lustre (Ganesa)—which dispels the darkness of ohstacles, and which, though it has the head of an elephant (gaja), was born from the mountain-daughter {Agajd) and is wor shipped even by Hari (Vishnu),—produce happi ness. (Verse 4). From the milky ocean which was churned by the gods arose like fresh butter the luminary (moon) by which darkness is dispelled (Verse 6). The son of this (moon) was Budha, whose name (was made) true to its meaning by his unequalled austerities. In consequence of his pious deeds (he obtained a son), Pururavas. (The son) of him, who destroyed the life (ay 2^s)ofhis enemies by the strength of his arm, was Ayus. His (son) was Nahusha. His (son) was Yayati, who was fierce in battle (and) famed on earth. (The son) of this husband of the glorious Devayani was Turvasu, who resembled the Vasus. (Verse 6). In his raoe shone king Timma, whose wife was Devaki, (and) who was famous among the princes of Tu|uva Just as Krishna (shone) in the race, of Yadu. 1. The allusion is to the ohurning of the ocean of milk by the gods. The moon is supposed to have then sprang from it. 28 INSCRIPTION OR ViRA NARASIIJIHADEVA. (Verse 7). From him was born king Isvara, whose wife was Bukkama (and) who was the fear less and virtuous crest-jewel of kings. (Verse 8). From this lovely son of Devaki was born king Narasa, just as Kama from (Krishna) the son of Devaki. (Verse 9). Eendered famous for various good deeds, with a delighted mind, surrounded by wise men, he again and again made the sixty kinds of gift according to prescribed rules, at Eame^varam and every other holy place, thus , increasing {lit. rendering superfluous) his great renown which was sung by the denizens of the three worlds. (Verse 10). Kesplendent was he, who quickly bridged the Kaveri ^ (though) it consisted of a rapid current of copious water, crossed over it, straight way captured alive in battle with the strength of his arm the enemy, brought his kingdom and (the city of) ^rirangapattana ^ under his power and set 1. Srirangapattaua, vulgo Seringapatam, 'wbiob, later on, became the capital of tbe Maisur Odeya'rs and of Tfpa is situated on an island of tbe Kaveri, 2. Literally ' (that compound ending in) patfiapa, tbe first member of wbiob is Sriranga.’ (On similar expressions see Hultzsob’s Soutb-Indian Inscriptions, Yol. 1, p. 166, note 6). 29 ^ET s'ankaraoharya m a th a inscriptions . up a pillar of fame,—his heroic deeds being praised in the three worlds, (which appeared to be) the palace (of his glory). (Verse 11), Having conquered the Chera, the Chola, the proud Pandya (who was) the loi'd of Madhura, the brave Turushka, the Gajapati king and others, he, who was exceedingly famed from the banks of the Gahga to Lahka and from the slopes of the eastern to those of the western moun tain, spread his command like a garland on the heads of kings. (Verses 12 and 13). Just as Rama and Lakshmana (were born) to Dasaratha by his queens Kausalya and the glorious Sumitra, (thus) two brave (but) modest sons, prince Vira Nrisimha and prince Krishnaraya, were born to king Nrisimha by his queens Tippaji and Nagala (respectively). (Verse 14). The illus,i;pou8 Vira-Narasimha, seated on a jewelled throne at Vijayanagara, sur passing in fame (and) wisdom Nriga, Nala, Nahusha and (all) other (kings) on earth, being voluntarily praised by the Brahmanas (and) winning all hearts —ruled the kingdom from (Rama’s) Bridge to (Mount) Sumeru and from the mountain of the east to the western mountain. 30 INSCEIPTION OF VlEA NAEASDJIHADEVA. (Verse 16). He performed various gifts at the Golden Hall, ^ at the shrine of the holy Virupakshadeva,^ at the town of the holy lord of Kalahasti,® on Vehkatadri,^ at Kanchi, at ^risaila, ® at Sonaiaila® at the sacred (city of) Harihar,"^ at Ahobala,^ at Samgama, at Srirahga® at Kumbha- ghoaa,^® at the sinless Urtlia of Mahanandi^^ (and) at Nivritti. (Verse 16). The streams of water (poured out) at copious great gifts of various kinds, which 1. Kanaka-sodas is a synonym of Kanaka-sabba, ' tha Golden Hall' at; the temple of Chidambaram in the South Aroot District. '' 2. This is the old name of the Pampapati temple in Hampe. 3. This town is now the residence of a Zemindar in the North Arcot district. i, Venkatadri, ’ the hill of Venkata ’ is the name of the holy mountain (Tirumalai) near Tirupati in the North Aroot district. 5. In the Karnul district. 6. Sbuasaila or Sdpaobala, ‘ the red mountain ' is the hill of Tiruvaupamalai in the South Aroot district. 7. This town is situated in the Mysore territory on the frontier of Dharwad. 8. In the Karnul district. ^ 9. This is the great island temple near Triohinopoly. 10. In the Tanjore district. 11. In the Karnul district. 81 llBf ^ANKAEAOHARYA MATH A INSCRIPTIONS. he performed at Gokarna^ at Eama’s Bridge, and at all other sacred places in the world, frustrated the eagerness of (Indra) the bearer of the thunder bolt, who was ardently rising to clip the wings^ of the mountains, which were immersed in the ocean, that was being dried up by the dust of the hoofs of the troops of his prancing horses. (Verse 17). He performed (the gifts of) a mundane egg, a wheel of the universe, a pot containing the (five) elements, a jewelled cow, the seven oceans, a tree and a creeper of paradise, a celestial cow of gold, an earth of gold, a horse- chariot of gold, the weight of a man (in gold), a thousand cows, a horse of gold, a (golden vessel called) liemagarhha, an elephant-car of gold, and five ploughs- (Verses 18-21). This king who is distinguish ed by the birudas Rajadhiraja, Eajaparamesvara, Muru-rayala-ganda, Para-rayabhayankara, the 1. In the North Kanara district. 2. Following, a suggestion of Pandit Laksbmauaoharya of Bangalore, I BQpa,v&tQpaksha-chhida-udyattara-Kulisadhara- utkanihita. Indra’s eagerness was frustrated, as the water poured out at the king’s donations refilled the ocean, which the dust of his army had dried up, and thus saved the mountains from persecution. 32 INSCRIPTION OP •VlEA NSRASIlilHADfiVA. Sultan among the Hindu Eajas, Dushta-Sarddula- marddana, Vira-pratapa etc., is adored by the kings of the Ahga, the Vahga, the Kalihga etc., countries, saying ‘ 0 Viradeva, Maharaja I Be you victorious. May you live long.’ Vira NarasimhamaharAya, who is as munificient as the halpaJca tree to the brahmanas, who is valorous and whose fame is unsullied, shines on the jewelled throne in the middle of the city of Vijayanagara excelling even Nriga> Nahusha and Yayati. (ABSTRACT OP THE CONTENTS OP THE REMAINING POETION^ OP THE DOCUMENT). LI. 60-69. In the Salivahana ^aka year one thousand four hundred and twenty-nine in the (cyclic) year §ukla, and on the auspicious occasion of the Magha-mah5daya in the month Magha, the king granted in the presence of (the god) Viru- paksha on the bank of the river Tuhgabhadra the villages of Elichohur and Venpakkam to Mahadeva Sarasvati, disciple of SadaSiva Sarasvati, who is a Paramahamsa-Parivrajakacharya, seeking libera tion ; whose^ody is smeared with ashes, and adorned with rudraksha-garlands; who is a great person, who is unaffected by the effects of cold and heat; who has studied thoroughly all the i&atras and who is also a tapasvi (a doer of tdpas or penance); who has 33 ^Ei ^AflKAEACHAEYA MATHA INSOEIPTIONS. attained the eight yoga sadhanas, namely yama^ niyama, etc., "who is full of grace and is of bright intellect; and resembles ^iva himself. L. 69. The village of Elichchur is situated in the Nirvalur-parru, in the Changalipattu-sime of the Chengattukottam, which is a sub-division of the Chandragiri-rajya situated in the Jayachola- maudala; it is situated on the east of the village of Paneyur; on the west of the village of Vadakke- pakkam; on the south of the village Panyurutti and on the north of Pudi. The village of Venpakkam is situated in the same parru, Jcotfam, na^u and rajya as Elichchur and its boundaries are:— It is situated on the south of the great village of Pannirutti, on the north of the superior village of Ullavuru, on the east of the good village of Varana- vasi and on the west of the good village of . . . . This village is full of all sorts of vegetation. The charitable and famous king having prostrated in the sashtdhga fashion, with love and veneration granted this village. May this copper-plate document of the king Vira-Narasimha, whose feet are made resplendent by the contact of the collection of gems in crowns of rival kings, be victorious on this earth; this copper plate grant was engraved by ViranaSari, son of Mallanai^ari. 84 INSOBIPTION OF ViRA .NARASIIIHADEVA. As between gift and protection, the latter is more meritorious for by the former one attains svarga (which is not permanent) whereas by the latter, eternal bliss. Sri Virupaksha. S6 No. 111. A SECOND INSOBIPTION OE THE EEIGN OF VlRA NARASIMHA OF THE SAME YEAR. ^ I ' h i s record is exactly similar to the previous * one even in Tihe matter of the date: on the same occasion as in the^^former case, thei village of Kudiyantandalam was granted to the same Svami, Mahadeva'Sarasvati, the disciple of Sada^iva Sarasvati. The village Kudiyantandalam is said to have been situated on the Varnavanpattu (Vi^navam- pattu?) of the Kaliyurkottam, in the Valakuru Sima, situated in the Kachchinadu, a sub-division of the Padavidu-rajya of the Jayacholamandala. It was bounded on the north by Kalakaturu ; on the east by ^urittiluru; on the south by Sitteleppakkam and on the west by Kutan-tangal. Of the names of places mentioned in this docu ment we have already identified in dealing with the previous record Jayangonda^olamandalam. 37 ^El ^ai Sk a e Ao h a ey a mat ?h a insoeiptions . PadaYidu-rajyam takes its name from the village of Padavidu.• • Velkuru-sim§ is so named after Velkuru in the Chittoor Taluka; [Vinna] -vambattu is in the Polar Taluka. Kaliyur-kkottam is a division of the Chola period. There are two Kalakaturus, of which one is in the Oonjeevaram Taluka of the Chingleput District, which does not appear to be the one that is referred to here; the other is in the Palmaner Taluka of the N. Arcot district and this is perhaps the village which the inscription means to refer, ^urittiluru and Sitteleppakkam have to be identified with the villages of ^uruttal and Sittelep- pakkam in the Arcot Taluka. Kachchinadu and Kutamtangal have to be looked for also in the N. Arcot district, though the List of Villages does not give their names in it. Kudiyantandalam now goes by the name of Kundiyantandalam and is situated in the N. Arcot district. The matjia still owns some lands in this village. TEXl^ 1. FIEST PLATE FIE8T SIDE. 1. From iDked impresaiona. 3. Bead 3. Bead i. Bead 38 Second Inscription of Vira Narasimba, No. III. la 10 11 12 13 U 15 16 17 18 SCALE O GO. T . A. G o pin a t iia R ao . Half-Tone by Rlioto-Engraving Co,, Madras- - INSOEIPTION OF YlEA N5EASI1S[HADSVA. ^ I Dr*]® ^ ». ^ qrg ^:[r*] 5ft I [K *] «rm8 I =r5^fqrp^:^io vs. I D^*] f^”w- \o. ift »?i: 1 D«*] n * gt^- ^ Df]- ^rf f?T5fci:i ^- ^ 3 ^ [^^] r%^ W W FT 3 [^^] [ll^*]“ 5. Metre of verses 1-4 13. Bead «mp: 14. Bead p r : 6. Eead |^5 39 I^RI ^MSIKAEACHSEYA MATHA insoeiptions . ^V®. q^:| ff- U . win**® I FIRST PLATE SECOND SIDE. ^ S. i ^ r s R g q ^ ’^®C4t] ^o. qCfl^ I [l^*] ^ qi'^q(^'h®°[:i*] i [le:*] I^/^ht - ^Rcq^- ■ R^. tt I ^i?n^RiPr ^ qi^- ^v. ^ fimqq^iFMcmki^iqTg b q«ifr%- RH. 1%: I®® [iR*]®® W %5ftqr^ q«qi ^ q [ r i 33^^ f^/qRF? in«T?i9^q^hr- ^\9. ^ ^3q39 5 jf ^ [I*] ^ cf^fq f^ q fr 23. Bead 83. Bead IffcRSH^ 24. Bead q^; 34. Bead ^«n% fqq^ q- 25. Bead qifqfq 26. Metre of verses 6-8 9T3|^ 35. Bead fvRjqqsrqIsflq 27. Bead \9 ^T>t?r q5T: gqwm; 28. Bead arqreqgoRRr 36. Metre f M 29. Bead « 40 Second Inscription of Vira Narasimha, No. III. 19 31 33 35 37 39 31 33 SS 37 39 11 id IS SCALE O. 66. T. A. G opinatha Rao . Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras, INSCRIPTION OP VIRA NARASiaHADEVA. ^ [i? =^io5g Ai ^o. Rf?nj5rfir['%]^JT*^ \ \ . Jt3rq^l^*®=Rlf^ ^TcRT 5T^[lR[^4i [|]3TTRRRfk^- ^f^r- 5r[^®“ ?f^1^rawRTK5[«irf^ ^ ^5- vq#r®® ?:rR“ I Rr[f]{ ?r ^TsrferRJT- \ ^ . ^:(i) ^ [ m ] ?trcq[r^it] ^®®Ra5R|qi5r^- ^ [ \ * y . SI- 40. Read qRI% ^ 49. Road 5TRR Rt sqmrftC 41. Read f^TJjqR 50. Read fcPRT5ftirnTs$1^; 42. Read RRR^RRT 51. Read 43. Metre of verses 10-11 52. Read 53. Read cRlt^«rr% 44. Read =%o5 cHTj^ 54. Metre of verses 12-13 45. Read sTSR RfJPjq 9^|»T 46. Read ^TSTT^qf^ 66. Read ^ 47. Read Rftr5J«W=^^*T»^- 56. Read SITff 57. Read 'Tcfr 48. Read 58. Read f?R^W T 41 .y'Rif ^ANKARAOHARYA MATtlA INSCRIPTIONS. 5^0. ^^cRr«f[r*]?i[r*] [=^]^m[^*] [ ? r ^ IT:*] vR. [^57n8?] ^ h V^. J»VX{ [.] *5lj[f^ WV. f* '■ Vf-S. M" Tf'^[j| V^*] SECOND PLATE FIRST SIDE, v^. 50. Ro»ti *'1 Rend rflif f^t*^ 80. R«irtl 68. Read nW t 61. Read ff^^r 89 Road 62. Metro of voraea H-17 70. Read spnt; ! « w r 71. Read qr??T 63. Road JTRRT^TPW^ 72. Read 5jr?»prf^wftvnrf- 64. Road f-'$iTTv|itw;f*./t.' ffWWN#W 65. Road yFftfsrjrf^i 73. iWad «{?t» r.G, Road ^ ‘iGrsjilf 42 . . Second Inscription of Vira Narasimha, No. III. 47 49 61 63 65 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 SCALE 0. 66. T. A. G opinatha Rao , Half-T*one By Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCEIPTION OF VlEA NAEASIlJiHA DfiVA. eFrnrrf^’^[5r](|^TOT[r*]^*Tf^[5] [^r*] \)i. 5r^qfci5fi:^c?i^W®xRiN: i [i ? vs#] | c3tr: qr I Am I “ «\V9. OTt [1 ] g^t^WT^q; \ |?Trf^^- M q: I EfRR qr^f^r: i ar?fq|fq7i§^rt^^#5q- ^o. % q- q:|®® [Ro*] 1%;^ [q#] qfinq'E^ ^cq[^[fRrq®^^ST: (I) ?pqq[q]®®^nJTi Ain ^ ^ ^ - A\ 74. Eead 81. Eead g^qpJTf 75. Eead 15^ 82. Eead gq; 76. Eead 83. Eead Jf; 77. Bead 84. Eead 78. Eead . 85. Eead ft 8 6 . Eead q^TrafRc^RJi; 79. Eead w m - 87. Eead 80. Metre of verses 18-20 8 8 . Metre 89. Eead 43 SEI ^Al?fKAEAOHAEYA MATHA INSOEIPTIONS. ^ [I*] grm^93^- I \ \ ^ * '] TOTqf^rsrqirM Iw w i'] ^ W r r r t e ( i ) |:^(T)5^5ft^n? I qf^TTR ? i q ^ i [iR^*] 'SO. qq^JT^Ttiiq cjqRftm »:n?%^®[i] ?r^n%q- 's?- qn%^^<5T%[ii q | 3 ^ % q ^ f^ I SECOND PLATE: SECOND SIDE. '*R. q o ^ q^|3<(3qcR^oi[n ^M»*] qjf)%- Hl^' 90. Eead 97. Eead m w 91. Bead 98. Eead 92. Metra of varaea 2 2 -3 1 ^ 99. Eead 100. Eead q^l^q 93. Eead §[tqjq 101. Eead ?Rq% 94. Eead qf?f 102. Eead 3 ^ 95. Eead 103. Eead 96. Eead 44 Second Inscription of Vira Narasimha, No. III. 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 SCALE O 60. 'T' A. G opin a th a R ao . Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co,, Madras. INSOBIPTION OP VIRA NARASIIIHA DEVA. '*'A. ^mRT jRft^T I [k s *] % f^^®’[ijf [^] cTTf^[t*J*n3^ I [1^0*] 5n^5^T- y>v». I ^ [^*]^(0 [^*]^r N9^. [1^^*] f^irfo^^rwcT m K^ sr^ r- v»<^. o»®[i^u*]^ [f|]?Rqroir^rf^^f% M ^o. qir[^] I 5^T?mwr^RR c%. 5PI3 ^ ^ 1% [l^ ^ *] ?irT^^ (T) 104. Bead gitfl^IT 105. Read cSrfHf 112. Read WKiT^cTT^^: 106. Bead f^ 113. Read 5Tr 107. Bead ?HT cTI^PTsr 108. Bead 45 SBI S'AlsrKAEACHAEYA MATHA INSCEIPTIONS. ^ ^ • ^ 1 [ l ^ I ^- ?TF^qJT-“ ® Eqp:^ qr^?rr^“^?T i ABSTEACT OE CONTENTS. (The translation of verses 1-21 is the same as in the previous document). Verses 22-37J. In the §aka year of the ^lalivahana (era) one thousand four hundred and twenty-nine, in the (cyclic) year ^ukla, and on the auspicious occasion of the Msghamahodaya in the month Magha, the king granted in the presence of (the god) Virupaksha, on the bank of the river Tuhgahhadra, the village of Kavantapdalam which is situated in the Kaliyurkottam in Vsma.... pattu (Vinpavanpattu?^, of the Kalaka[tu]ru-sima, belonging to the Kachchinadu of the Padaividu- rajya, a sub-division of the Jayacholamandala, to Mahadeva Sarasvati, disciple of Sadasiva Sarasvati, (with his praises as in the previous document). The village of Kavantandalam is situated on the 117. Bead ^ 120, Metre of verses 33-34 118. Bead 119. Bead 46 INSCRIPTION OP VIRA NARASIMHA DEVA. south of the good village of Kalakaturu, on the west of the great village of Surittiluru, on the north of the village of Sitteleppakkam and on the east of Kutantahgal. This village look^ bright with the plenty of cbcoanut, mango, jack, palmyra trees and all other vegetation. (As in the previous document it is stated here that the engraving was done by Viranasari, son of Mallanasari and then follows the verse extolling the merits of protecting a gift and the sign-manual of the Vijayanagara kings, Sri Virupaksha). 47 Chinnadevi-Ammanavaru. Krishnadevarayavu. Tirumaladevi-Ammanavaru Bronze ; Venkafcesa Temple, Tirumala, Tivupati. No. IV. AN INSCKIPTION OF THE EEIGN OF KKISHNADE7AEAYA, ^AKA SAMVAT 1444. h i s inscription is also engraved on three plates; the writing begins on the second side T of the first plate and ends on the first side of last one. The preservation and the execution of the writing are good. The alphabet of the record is Nandinagari and the language is Sanskrit. The sign-manual the words ^ri-Virupaksha, occurring at the end of the record is, as usual, written in Telugu-Kannada characters. The inscription belongs to the reign of the king Krishnadevaraya and is dated the Saka year 1444, which corresponded with the (cyclic) year Svabhanu. On the go-dvadasi tithi in the bright half of the month Marga^irsha, in this year, the king granted the villages of Podavur and Kattup- pattu to Chandrachuda Sarasvati, the disciple of Mahadeva Sarasvati; the grant was made on the bank of the river Krishnaveni and at the time of the grant the name of the village Podavur 49 SRI sankaraoh Aeya matha inscriptions . was changed into Krishnarayapuram. The Yati Ohandraohuda Sarasvati is distinctly mentioned as a resident of Kanchipurara. The two villages mentioned are said to have been situated in Nirvalurnadu, a sub-division of Sehgattukkottam, in the Mudukattupparru, which belonged to tbe Chandragirirajyam. The boundaries of Podavur are given as follows On the west of this village is situated the village of Sehgodai; on the north Kandur; on the east Akkahvelur; and on the south ^endamahgalam and those of Kattuppattu are :— On the west of this village is situated the village of Siruvagai; on the east Parundur; on the north Kottavakkam ; and on the south oiruvalur. At the end of this copper-plate graut, it is stated that it was composed by Sabhapati and engraved on copper-plates by Viranachari, son of Mallana. The historical information supplied in this record is identical with that obtained from the others belonging to this dynasty of Vijayanagara king and therefore need not be reiterated here or hereafter. 50 Seal belonging to No. II. Same Size. Seal belonging to No. IV. Same Size. Seal belonging to No. V. Same Size. INSCRIPTION OP KEISHNADfiVARAYA. The Svami, Chandrachuda Sarasvati, should be the same as Chandrasekhara Sarasvati of the list supplied by the Gururajaratnavialiha (as also of No. V below) and whose date as calculated from l I the list also comes to be S’ 1429-1445. The word go-dvadahi occurs in other inscriptions ^Iso but it is not evident what the importance of this dvadahi is.lh The following are the places mentioned in the record: Chandragirirajyam, Mudukattupparru, Seh- gattukkottam, Nirvalurnadu, Podavur, ^ehgodai, Kandur, Akkalivelur, ^endamahgalam, Siruvaka, Parundur, Kottavakkam, Siruvalur, Kanchipuram and the Krishnaveni river. The two villages of Podavur and Kattuppattu being said to be situated in the Nirvalurnadu, they and the villages bound ing them should be looked for in the Conjeevaram Taluka in which Nirvalqr is situated. Podavur is in the same Taluka and goes by the same name even now; but the name Kattuppattu does not occur in the List of Villages; it is perhaps to be identified with Katteripattu. The villages Kandur, (1) In tba inscription No. 53 belonging to the Koppa Taluka of the Kadur District, Mysore State, this is called govatsa-dvddasi. The name go-dvddaii occurs also in an inscription of the reign of the Ay or Vvishni Chief, Vikra- maditya Varaguna, A. D. 868. (See Trav. Arch, Series, Vol. I , r. 192). $1 s' e i s'ankaeaghaeya m a th a insoeiptions . AkkalivelQr, ^edamangalam (evidently ^endamaii- galam), Parundur, KoUavakkam, ^iruvaka and Siruvalur are to be’identified with Kandur, Sanda- velur, ^endamangalam, Parundur, Kottavakkam, ^iruvakkam and ^iruvalur,—villages which are situated in the Conjeevaram Taluka of the Chin- gleput District. I am unable to identify Muduk- kattupparru and ^ehgodai. The river Krishnaveni is the same as the modern Krishna river. TEXT i. EIEST PLATE SECOND SIDE. ^ [|i*] ^ ^ c(gi^:^T qrg [^J- »• I [K*] I '=qrr^- v> ?flTR W - 1. From inked impressions. 3. Bead Tr^^*TI»fF*rir 2, Eead ?{f55r 4. Metre of verses 1— 52 First Inscription of Krishnidevaraya. No. IV. 16 SCALE O. 0. T. A. GoriN.ATii.v R.yo. Ilalf-Tone % I’lioto-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCRIPTION OP KEISHNADEVABAYA. v9. g-?; (i) <:. o fJtfRT: I m«?r5^p'R^f 3% q?n- (I) g q^^° I [l‘^*•]^^ ^[s> ^o. % I q^nsq't [:] q r^ : I 3t- ? 5rpEgon:f^%ffep;f | [iv59it]?R?n3^3?wR*^ W- ^ ^ i ^qqitqqq:' ^qqflqqqrr^} qjrq[(^]- ? V. q il q|oR^^qi'®qt (l) ^JTT5 ? H. i m ^^q i li^qi g9[f^ fq^q^^^oi qt qqr^ (i) qjli^qq fq^qiq fq- sqq- 5. Eaad 12. Read m f^f^ 6. Bead 13. Metre of verses 6-8 9T5|q 7. Bead 1%: 14. Bead 8. Bead ^s^n^ngpr 15. Bead ?;qt 9. Bead 16. Bead 10. Bead q^: 17. Bead qlf 11. Metre 33 SRI SANKARAOHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. ^ vs. I =^55 ^ qjoisr (?iRf^) =q qgTrqfS- ? ^ ^ Ri^^(l) ^fqT^ 3^^°iT^qr^?qf^ =qTi^ f^tqr ^o. w^m'. ^oflq^fiT^^fRq \ [ 1^ 0*] ^ qqiF%i% I ^ q R i^ r qrqi^iqrf^ ^r ^ - ^qft^ q^: gq^q^i;! [ \ v^]^^f^cqr^- qjq- o5|^r‘^‘‘'q)RRqr^®«ffgfq^J | ^s^fRq ?f^1^-cIWr- • cq^%27_ =1^. ^qff^q I [ U fqqq^'’^ ^ f^ ^ q - Rvfi. ^rq?RT?Rqr:^°(l)q^Wr ^ ^qqssq- 18. Read ^R; 25. Read 19. Metre of verses 9-10 q^TO 26. Read ^Rlcqr 20. Read 27. Read ^[qv^Trictif^ 21. Bead fiRqf 28. Metre of verses 12-139T3fq, 22. Read s^RTT^ft?!:. 29. Read 23. Read 30. Read 24. Metre 31. Read Si First Inscription of Krishnadevaiayn, No. IV. •' ■' V Ila 29 31 33 SS 37 39 41 43 4S 47 49 SI S3 SCALE O. 6. Half-Tone by Plioto-Engraving Co., Madras. T. A. GOPiNATi!.^ Kao . INSCRIPTION OF KEISHNADEVARAYA. SECOND PLATE FIRST SIDE. ?r ): t e i l t ^ qn^i [i^] sft- ^ftOT- Ir^ ^ ^ ?f[^ fRsnar r%EfRr^cft^ f%f[=^] I [I^t^*] ^5Pt/^ \\i. RRqs®® g‘°oq?sTr^6qR5Hr^^JiRrf^^Ef[^qrR 8RT- m w 32. Read cqq?qr 40. Read goq 33. Read 41. Read e^ r sw 34. Read =q55I??IT 42. Read 35. Metre of verses 14-17 43. Read 51^ 44. Read 36. Read ^I?q 45. Read JTTTqqq 37. Read 46. Road 1^- 38. Read R^fR 39. Read 56 SEI sa n k a e Ac h Aey a MATHA insceiptions . \c . D^r ^L I* ] ?sn5r- 0) qRq>qir^q®° »o. q=q^iT^RqX I [1^^*] ^ ^FR ?n^q w- T%g I l%q[^ i^qq^ I ^RtRqi^ql- I [K ^ * ] qft?n®*q^ q^iqqr ^ q q q ^^- RRTqq guf^qq^as®®^: Rq^: I qqrr^- v?H. f^=qg§=tlq^^gq®'^T^(qq(:i)qq»3 47. Bead ^TSgfqq 55. Bead 48. Bead 56. Bead d>bl^ 49. Bead qrrqjff 57. Bead qg^qqt 50. Bead ^q 58. Bead ?'T?^^;^^5^^ 51. Metre of verses 18-193T3^ 59. Bead qqt 52. Bead 60. Bead OT q 63. Bead 61. Metre 54. Bead 66 First Inscription of Krisbnadovaraya, No. IV. lift 5B 56 57 58 59 > ?-, m rn ^ 'v^i ^1 { im 7] ^ f i / j "5^ s q 60 61 62 63 61 65 66 67 68 69 oifTi 71 ^ 77 78 79 t m ’ SCALE O. 6. T. A. GOPINATlI.i R a o . Half-Tone By I’hoto-EngravinjJ Co., Madras. INSCRIPTION OF KEISHNADfiVARAYA. ^sjRrlrRsfjr ^ (i) ^o. i[R 5TR: 5[c3^®®|^^^'T?R«T- 'AR. I \\. t: (I) # K». [«rr ^t] i [rr*] ^r=€r«ftlrt^^#>ir- =5r^^^?mr- SECOND PLATE: SECOND SIDE. q5h‘?Tf^:5T3%^®5^T^cqW^ f%r%^:j^[^q]^’ If: I t^v^. F t JT[?tf5:t!TP^3t’ ®'7^i^^f^ ?fHJTf%t^:i’TmTRT- 62. Read ^Rfr?tl^r 70. Read 63. Read qrloS^I^: 71. Read 64. Read 72. Read 65. Metre of verses 21-23 73. Road >I35r^^f5rf^ 74. Rea'd «frlFr 66. Read Tff^?n«rff|yrjr 75. Read 67. Read 76. Read ? 1 ^ 68. Read 51^ 77. Read 69. Read ff^r 78. Read 57 sE i sa S karaohakta matha inscriptions . .90 ^O. I [R»^te]®3 ^r%qi^qMq^%5RI5^ qfq% qjqTc]; I q^ oT =qg:- jq^-cTT-96 79. Read »S7. Read 80. Read gsr; 88. Read gq: 81. Read S[ft^: 89. Road 82. Read 90. Read 91551^. 83. Metre ^(tpp 91 Read q^ST 84. Read JJ]5ITq 92. Read 85. Read 93. Metre 86. Metre of veraei 25-27 94. Read 95. Read =^^fqr 58 INSOEIPTION OF KEISHNADSVARAYA V50. I ^ »rr^r- ^R^sTciIT: [ m * ] V9^. 1 vs^. I [1^^*] ’i l ^ - [fr]^'rg-^°^ \3«\. it I %qjr?3^ffqii5R«t I [I^ H ] %ifi%qriiqjr- v9^. cSTfEq qfic^fq 3:l%'ot [I*] *rriTr?:§Krf§J%^^E^- vsv#. I I ffWT- VS 96. Read =^5^%: 100. Read 97. Merte of veres 29-43 lOl- Road 93 8T91^ 102. Read ?Tff?5^q^ 98. Read q^i^<4 103. Read sn'^Tsfr 99. Tbeword “ f^Gqfq” mu8t 104. Read be inserted before the 105. Read R^ijFq word “ ” 106. Read 59 SEl sankae Acharya matha inscriptions. THIRD PLATE : FIRST SIDE. < i^ [I*] 3T%oqrTTif^rR3ffiR5R5^fni i [l^vs.*] f|^3fpT%; [I*] f^- JTi- R] [ii»o=^] ^\- < :^ . RISRTSRRIRT [rJ I [l^^*] 107. Read 114. Read ^ n p g ^ 108. Read 115. Read 109 Read =trNRR 116. Read fW?RTRm; 110. Read 117. Read SRfHt 111. Read «Tf«r^ 118. Read i^HTrsflK^ 112. Road 119. Read 113. Read »rqt 60 First Inscription ot Krisbpadevaraya, No. IV. Ilia 81 i\lT< , 82 •i.Wlfea -a*.a rzfi-a’cn-T^ r>s» T i l l a 83 81 85 iSwcni-™-, £a nn.3^ 3^-an ___ --~i JL_;wi_, 86 87 89 88 fffisiisaw * 90 91 | \ ^ ? i;ti ^ q ai f=i rJiini’3F\j h 7\rr?'^i 92 ™--yri m z s i \ ~ r -i —n -m -n tti -» -.n -~r. ■»■—JL-—ii 93 94 95 tti'5 nTf=i^ ? ^\ r a|,, 96 97 P ^ Y ? l -<^4^ rm ?n r^ fiFTi VI^ U T \ Ol 98 99 100 lOl 102 103 SCALE O. 6. Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. T. A. G ofinatha Rao . INSCRIPTION OF KEISHNADEVAEAYA. I qiifqffiiHrr^T ^ rr^TfSTR: i So. irstjRn?^ | ?rr- S^. wf[q^: 13Ri*] ofr’^“^ " ^ ^T- s^ . I '^®^^qJT?R[WRFn^soncfr^- [:i*] cqsT sv. [^] I 5R- s s . qr^?n5[- q- ac ^ 3 o q cR^rmgqr^ i “ S ' H I ^ q^R^ROT s^. 125. Metre of verses 45-60 120. Real? 126. Read 3affe ,61 sR i s a n k a r Ac h a r y a m a th a inscriptions . ^0 0. =^r I [mo*] ^r% 5RT% w - ?o?. I ^Twf^^Rrrf^fr: q i ^ p ^ ^rr- ^o^. TRANSLATION. (Verses 1 to 18) are the same as in II and III. (Verses 18 and 19). When, having ruled his great kingdom without obstacles, this Indra of the earth, who was famed for virtue, had gone to heaven, as if it were in order to rule heaven (too), the illus trious king Krishnaraya, whose valour was irresis tible, bore the earth on his arm like a bracelet of jewels. 130. Read 136. Read 131. Read f^rqf 137. Read gRTF^lsq 132, Read 138. Read 133, Read q%q 139. Metre 134, Read 140. Read 135. Read q 62 INSCEIPTION OP KEISHNADfiVARAYA. (Verse 20). I t was probably through fear, lest eyerythitig should assume an identity of lustre from his fame, which was spread everywhere, that, of old, Siva adopted a (third) eye on his forehead (as a distinguishing mark), Vishnu, four arms, Brahma four faces, K alla sword, Eama a lotus, and Vani a lute in her hand. (Verse 21). Was it through anger, because they gave refuge to his enemies, that he dried up the seven oceans with the clouds of the dust of the earth, which was split by the horses of his numerous armies, and of his own accord created in their stead masses of oceans by the immeasurable waters (poured out) at his great gifts, which consisted of a mundane egg, a Meru of gold, etc.? (Verse 22). It was probably in order to obstruct the path of the chariot of the suu in the sky, with the view that the crowds of suppliants should enjoy as long as possible.the riches given by him, that this lord of the earth set up in every part of the earth firmly fixed pillars, which were marked with (an account of) his expeditions for conquering each quarter and with (his) surnames (biruda) and the tops of which touched the clouds. (Verse 23). Again and again, for the sake of supreme happiness, he performed according to rule those various gifts which are prescribed in the holy 63 SET SAI?fKARACHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. books, oiz., the weight of a man in gold, &c., together with all minor gifts, at Kahchi, at Srisaila, at §ona- chala, at the Golden Hall, on Vehkatadri and at all other temples and bathing places. (Verses 24 to 26). Some of his surnames {hiruda) were :—The angry punisher of rival kings; he whose arms resemble (the coils of the serpent) Sesha; he who is versed in protecting the earth; the destroyer of those kings who break their word ; he who satisfies suppliants ; he who is fierce in w ar; the king of kings and the supreme lord of kings; the destroyer of the three kings (of the south); he who terrifies hostile kings; the Sultan among Hindu kings; he who crushes the wicked like tigers. (Verse 2T). He is served by the Ahga, Vahga, Kalihga and other kings, who speak thus :—“ Look (upon me). Oh great king ! Be victorious ! Live (long)!” (Verse 28). Seated on a jewelled throne at Vijayanagara, king Krishnaraya, whose liberality was worthy to be praised by t'be learned, having surpassed Nriga and other kings in wisdom, and having bestowed abundant riches on all suppliants on earth, was resplendent with fame from the east ern mountain to the slopes of the mountain of the west and from the mountain of gold (Meru) to (Rama’s) Bridge'. 6i No. V. ANOTHER INSCRIPTION OF THE REIGN OF KRISHNADBVARAYA, ^AKA SAMVAT 1450. ^ I ' h e inscription edited below also belongs to the reign of Krishnadevaraya but is -dated six years after his first grant to the matha, No. IV above. In the meantime the donee of No. IV above was no more and was succeeded by Sadasiva Sarasvati and to this latter the present grant is made. The inscription recording the grant is in Nandinagari characters and in the Sanskrit language. In the year S’ 1450 corresponding to the cyclic year Virodhi, on a Sunday, which was the Paurnima tithi (full- moon) in the month Vaisakha and was coupled with the nakshatra Visakha, the king Krishnadevaraya granted the village of Udayambakkam to Sadasiva Sarasvati, the disciple of Chandrasekhara Sarasvati (Chandrachuda of No. IV above); the ceremony of 65 SRI sa n k a e a o h Arya m a t h a inscriptions . making the dana took place in the presence of the god Virupaksha, on the bank of the river Tuhga- bhadra; at that time the name of the village was changed into Krishnarayapura. The village of Udayambakkam is said to have been situated in the Padavidurajyam, a sub-division of the Jayachola- mandalam, in the Tirukkalikan-irandarru-parru, belonging to the Kalattur-kottam, in the Srivali- malainadu of the Chahgalipattu-sima ; and it was situated on the bank of the Kshiranadi. The boun daries of the village are given as follows :— On the west was situated the village of Pral- lyanur; on the north Manappakkam ; on the east Kalattur, and on the south Punyappattu. In the document it is stated that Sabhapati was the composer of it and that it was engraved upon copper-plates by Viranachari, son of Mallana- chari; and at the end the sign-manual of the king, the words §ri Virupaksha, is written in large sized Telugu-Kannada characters, The following note regarding the date was kindly supplied to me by Mr. L. D. Swamikkannu Pillai “ S’. 1450, VirOdhi, Vaisakha paurnima, Visa- kba nakshatra, Sunday. The tithi and nakshatra 66 Second Inscription of Krisbnadevaraya, No. V. 13 15 17 19 31 33 35 87 39 31 SCALE O. 7. T. A, G opin ath a R ao . Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCRIPTION OP KRISHlilADEVAEATA. in question ended on Monday 4tb May, 1528 A. D. at 23 gliatika and 7 ghatika, respectively after mean sunrise. As the tithi and nakshatra must have commenced at or about the corresponding parts of the previous day, Sunday, the date referred to is therefore Sunday, 3rd May, 1528 A.D.” The names of places occurring in this inscrip tion are—U day ambakkam, Padavidu-rajyam, J.ayah- gondacholamandalam, Tirukkaligan-randarruparrUj Kalattur-kottam, Srivalimalainadu, Changalipattu- sima, Prallayanur (?), Manappakkam, Kalattur, Punyappattu and Kshiranadi. Of these Tirukka- lingan-randarru-parru seems to have received its name from Tirukkalikkadu (?) in . the Conjeevaram Taluka and the two rivers bounding this 'parru are the Palar and the rivulet which proceeds from the Tenneri lake; it is in this irandarm-parru that the Srivalimalai and the nadu named after it is also situated. Srivalimalai (a corruption of Srivallabha- malai) has to be identified with Palayasivaram. Kalattur-kottam is an ancient division of the Chola period and receives its name from the. village of Kalattur, the railway station next to Chingleput. Udayambakkam, Kalattur, Manappakkam and Punyappattu, which appears to be the same as Punnampattu, are in the Chingleput Taluka. Kshiranadi is the Sanskrit translation of the Tamil 67 SRi SANKARAGHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. name of the river Palar. The temple of Virupaksha mentioned in the grant is situated, as every one knows, in the Hampi-Halupattana, very near the river Tuhgabhadra. TEXT 1. FIRST PLATE FIRST SIDE. V. [i*]qs^i'qiRr5^ 11^- •A. onf^ =q gpq^ 1 [l^*] 3 T[%t 5^: I ?rq5ft- ------sa______1. From inked irapreaaions. 5. Read d'S.i+i 2. Anusvara has been used 6. In the end of words such as in all places where Varga ” Anusvara is Panchama is necessary. used instead of final m, 3. Metre of verses 1-4 3T3OT 7. Read ^ 4. Read 8. Read UFTRfl^ 68 • INSCRIPTION OF KRISHNADEVARAYA. vs. 30% ^ 3 ^ ^ I qi%: I ?o. 3 # ^ I ^T^r^^^qqiqr^r- if[i^(t^I%f%qf [^]- n ■ I ^^r?Tff30T^?f q^^%^c^ q^3^T I [ivs*] ?rrqr%qr^:i |qqilfi^?rrcq7rqr^qiifr^q%i [id *]’® ^ ^r%[sr] ?r- (q)«nrq(^:^’ i 9 - ^ q R f^ frr?n^Rn% qr # l^9^q^qtf(t?T [ ^ ] [cT*] qqr[:*] 3 q ^ q [q ;* ] (qn%%;) [ii<^*]’®qif%Cfqii'^ q^qr 9 . Read 5%^r 15. Metre of verses 6-8 10. Read 3rg|¥r 11. Metre 16. Read sq-q^T 12. Read 17- Read fWf^ 13. Read qr^' 18. Metre 14. Read 19. Read qig 69 SEI SANKAEACHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. ? ^ 5 rrf ^ i m ^1^422 pjijj % qfOT2T)- X^. t [lto*]27%^ =4ts ^ qfi4 ^3- X S. 3 ^ ^ T[;3fq^^qf^ ^ffq ' ^^o. ^r I 3Trw^f^^[qir*]q«Tq=^q^^TcT^W i%^rd ^qr- R?. ?t[:'^'] 8frq7q?ftqr w^fqqqt sq^r- qTq;®^ 1 [1 u * ] i%'=qr^qFT- ?qifqi?:- \\. [qr]r%^^q I [UR*p® fqq^ql®® ^m^8FT'qn%q [I*] [qrd]^^qr%- 20. Read sji:^ 29. Read tidfd 21. Bead 30. Read l^ q f 22. Read q^^qR; 31. Read sq^r^ftii: 23. Read qqr# 32 ^Jpad ^sqt: #fq^T 24. Read 33. Read ^fPTT 25. Read f^?qrq 34. Read STlf^q 26. Read 35. Metre of verses 12-13 27. Metre of verses 10-11 3T3|»i ?T«nT 36. Read 28. Read qq?qTqr 37. Read 70 INSCRIPTION OP KEISHNADEVAEAYA. fftxqr ^qi^^T^cJTr- ^ ^RTRl*® 1 q^Nf ( qrrqtr^ fr- ^O. #1% =q ?fn[it |PW|6t f^ f€ I [ m * ] PIRST PLATE SECOND SIDE. ^sqfTFm^^^q^i^Rqri^qqil: i q # - 38. Read I'? 46. Metre of verses 14-17 39. Read f ^ 40. Read ]^T 47. Read 41. Read 48. Read 42. Read 49. Read » 43. Road 50. Read ^ 44. Read TT^Rq! 51. Read goq- . 45. Read ^RT' 71 i, 1, ,"i at' SRI s'ankaracharya m a th a inscriptions . ^5’T- ^vs. oqr^?mfq * fw f^ I»t r q^- ^qiR<#I [i^vs*] jncsq [34]?n^^ [ 3]^?T fq^[% %%- R- »o. ^1 i f^- Rn%®°Rf9r^- JT^Rr®^N3 f^- 3?:r 3^rR^R^®^^f%gq: v{\- 52. Read 59\" Metre of verges 18-19 53. Read ^ 3T3|^ 54. Read ^ 60. Read flwf% 55. Read 61. Read q^lr 56. Read % 62. Read R^cTRI 57. Read 5RTRR 63. Read 58. Read sjTlf^R; 72 Second Inscription of Krishnid§varava, No. V. IIo 32 3i 36 33 40 42 44 46 48 SO 62 84 66 58 60 SCALE O. 7. T A. G o pinatha 'R ao , Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCRIPTION OF KRISHI^IADBVARAYA. ^ w ^oTT ^ qroft I ®*[Ro*]^?i- oir®® 5ff- v«\. w f%3 »v9. p]cf[cJr]f^f^5f^f^(^^/^)[^]f%qiT ^[^]- v ^5r ^¥n 5r^(jqf^)gr-^^ 64. Metre 70. Read »r^rJTf^?n«rf 65. Read 71. Read 66. Read 5(TJTT t Read ?«r 67- Read Ir^r 72. Read cRff^5n?qT 68. Read glS?T 73. Read ^ »{|»'^|^ *, Read 74. Read si%®r 69. Metre o( vereei 21-23 75. Read 76. Read §f3r% 73 10 sB i s a n k a e Ac h Ab y a m a th a inscriptions . ?rRRi?rr?W^q- H ^ I [^ ^ *] [ctst]- 'AV9. ^R5'5nifr%gq#R: i ^o. f|^nr^?r[0Tt ^k- ?r: [|*] ^qm q|?rrf^ ® o [R ^*] SEOOND p l a t e : EIRST SIDE. qrf^r%: i ^ [ i r * ] q n ^ - %sq^87 q. I [|;^va=;c] %M. ^ [?t*]^«t: ?qrqf^R; ffsoi^rq/%Rtq- ffW I 3TI3q%WI%l%- 77. Read 83. Read p 78. Read *1^ 84. Read 79. Read W : 85. Read §?r: 80. Metre 86. Read 5ft%RT 81. Read 87. Read Ifsq^ 82. Metre oi verses 25-273T^|)l 74 Second Inscription ot Krisbnadevaraya, No. V. II5 r * : w - ■ ^ ' ' ' 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 ^ ( \ r m t f c m 70 71 ' _' ,f I'M T7J ■'•/.( ( M //.^L' 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 K K 'h m d ii'W rr <^i7i'l 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 SCALE O. 7. T. A. GOPINATHA R ao , Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras, INSCRIPTION OF KRISHNADfiVARAYA. #ir=^5[;*] ?r%j 1 ^r\%- % I [ r ^*] (I) '^o. ?nii3^ I [Ro] [^] i%;qr- '®^. ejRf^r [|-*] q%5T®® [q] i^^qjpqrqk 5 3 ^ I [i^^*] vm n * ] - vsR. ^^qr^crq [i*] ^ \. ^ I S T S m ^ ^ R vsi?. q% I ^^q^q^iq M • [R^*] vs'A. ^:?q?qr %^®«qqrr^^%5r?ir* i g^h%q[9‘]<^q^ 3?^ 88. Read ib I [|^»*] ^ ?fr- v*^. [I*] [I*] qqcqr- ^ ?. [m]^ qf^ I goqq^^qmf|wrf ( ^ q i ) ^ i % f ^ I [i^ ^ I ifWOTS^ %% Jrf^?rrfwqW^®^i ?rq- Bpq 104 c ^ . =q i f^f^f^%qqrqron^T5^tr^ <;^. vrrrf /Ir'^ 5# ^ :* ° ’ 9 9 . Bead 104. Bead ?f#?rr?q 100. Bead JTRRJir^ 105. Bead =qp?ft?rr 101. Bead f5twqr^ 106. Bead qi3 102. Bead f^fqJTRfq; 107. Bead 5ll%«^ 103. Bead ?urf^q^ 108. Bead 76 Second Inscription of Krishnidevaraya, No. V. Ilia 89 91 93 95 97 99 SCALE O, 7. T. A. G opinatha Rao . Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCRIPTION OF KRISHNADSVARAYA. ' M. ^nr[T^it]qf^: | smi^fK 5TTW-“ ® ^RR I [|5^»i*]“® liW%ii5R^?RrRR JT^rcTR: I [c^]gr ?fr#Roimr- ^ cii^?rRR:i ^ r ^ - / ^\- SV. ffiR^’k^T'^% q i ^ ^ I [i» ^ i* ]^ q ^ “ fIgoT goq q?:^i^qr- ^ q^q^ [iv'si*] q^??^r “ ® qr 109, Read qiJRftqt qqflqqni Read 110. Read 116. Metre of verses 44i-49i 111. Read 112. Read ^ 117. Read q ^ q q q 113. Read fi®»TUq?r I 118. Read q^ft q 77 set ^a n k a e a o h Aey a m a jh a insobiptions . r%^D*] I <^vs. ifr ^ ^3^^ I ?r ^ ^4. ?:r I [i8^i*] ?rmF^ ^ qr^qt qq^: i s s . ^ qr=q^ kr - II ^oo. II rABSTRACT OF THE CONTENTS.) (The historical part of this inscription is similar to that in No. IV above). On a Sunday which corresponded with the full moon tithi of the month Vaisakha in the year Virodhin, S’ 1450 and the nakshatra Visakha, the king Krishnadevaraya granted the village of Udayambakkam under the 'hame of Krishnaraya- puram, in the presence of the god Virupaksha, on 119. Read 123. Read If^tTTqf 120. Read qf^ q^ 124. Metre 121. Read f ^ q f 125. Read 122. Read ^TRRfrsq 78 INSOBIPTION 0 1 KEISHNADEVARAYA. the bank of the river Tuhgabhadra to Sadasiva- Sarasvati, the disciple of Chandrasekhara Sarasvati. The village granted was situated in the Chehgalipattu Sima, a portion of the Srivalimalai- nadu, situated in the Kalattur-kottam, a division of the Tirukkaliganrandarru-pparru, in the Padavi- durajya which was a sub-division of the Jayachola- mandalam.• • This village was situated on the east of the great agraMra named Prallayanur, on the south of the village of ManappSkkam, on the west of the village of Kalattur and on the north of the great village of Punyappattu. The document was composed by Sabhapati and was engraved on copper-plates by Viranasari, the son of Mallana. . 79 No. VI. A FRAGMENTAEY INSGEIPTION OF VIJAYANAGAEA KINGS OF THE KAENATA OE THE LAST DYNASTY. h i s fragmentary inscription is engraved on only one side of a plate, which belonged to aT set, the remaining plates of which seem to have been lost. It is written in the Nandinagari charac ters and in the Sanskrit language. In it the genealogy of the kings of the Karnata dynasty is traced from the moon. S|ome of the descendants of the moon who were the ancestors of these kings are said to be Budha, Puriiravas, Ayus, Nahusha, Yayati, Puru, Bharata, ^antanu ; the fourth from this last was Vijaya; from him was born Abhimanyu and from him Parikshit. The eighth in descent from Parikshit was Nanda; the ninth from this king was Cbalikka; the seventh from Chalikka was Eajanarendra; and the tenth in descent from him was Bijjalendra, whose third descendant was Vira 81 11 INSCRIPTION OP THE 3RD VIJAYANAGARA DYNASTY Hemmaliraya, the lord of Mayapuri. The fourth from him came Tata Pinnama, the first real ancestor of this dynasty. From here the genealogy as far as it goes in this fragment is as follows :— Tata-Pinnama I 1 Somideva i Raghavadeva Pinnama II (the lord of Aravifcinagara) Bukka. The subsequent genealogy of this family as we meet with in other copper-plate grants is given for the information of the readers of this brochure (1). (1). Taken from Epigraphia Indioa, Volume III page 238. 82 SRi SANKARAOHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. ns (U t>D S• d ' ® d a !?. Ids •A .£4 s a CQ 3 •d p 3 78 Ida a M 83 INSCRIPTION OP THE 3rd VIJAYANAG ARA DYNASTY TEXT 1. ?irr: i [p^] q^q R. ?r qr 1. From inked impressions. 9. Read 2. Read qiRqqr: 10. Metre qrr^fWlflqq; 3. Metre of verses 1—3 8 T3 2 ^ 11. Read ^lo5^ 4. Read 12- Bead 5. Read 'cTWTq *PS 6. Read 14. Eead 7. Read qtsf^ w g 1®- 8. Read Metre 84 Fragmentary Inscription of the Karnata Dynasty, No. VI. IS 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 30 21 32 SCALE O. 7. T. A, G o pinatha R ao . Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras, S'Ri SASKARACHARYA MA^HA INSCRIPTIONS ^v9. 1 U . ^ (I) ^ [|^*]^®9TR- ^o. ^^i3q|tepqRc^qqm ^ f^r^cT:**® I [|vs*]“® ^ iqqqqjftqf^- [ ® # ] §w qi$q^^fr I q f^ rf^ jft q»q®?mfi f^5rii% TRANSLATION. (Verse 1). I take refuge m that pair of objects which is to be worshipped by the gods, (and) at whose meritorious touch a stone became the best of woman. 17. Read ^qiqw nW lor 23. Metre 5Tr^f^^clH 18. Read 24. Read ^PPT 19. Read 26. Read 20. Read 9 t|%JT 26. Metre ^«ter 21. Read 5 f ^ 27. Read 22. Read 5Rr:«ftf^»ff»Kqs 86' INSCEIPTION OF THE 3ED VIJAYANAGAEA DYNASTY. (Verse 2). I take refuge in that Vishvaksena whose more than hundred attendants, the elephant headed (G-aneiSa) etc., remove the obstacles (in the way) of (his) devotees. (Verse 3). Victorious is the luminary (w>., the Moon) which rose from the milk-sea (which is) the left eye of Hari (Vishnu), (which is) the support of the chakora (birds), (and) which sustains the life of the gods. (Verse 4). The grandson of him {viz., the Moon) (was) Budha’s son Pururavas; his (son was) Ay us; his son was Nahusha; from him was born Yayati; (and) from him Puru. In his race was born king Bharata; in his lineage ^antanu; the fourth from him was Vijaya; from him was born Abhimanyu ; (and) from him Parikshit. (Verse 5). The eighth (in descent) from him wasNanda; the ninth from this king was king ChaUkka; the seventh from him was Narendra (whose name was) preceded by Eaja {i.e., Eaja- narendra), (and) who was devoted to ^ripati (Vishnu); the tenth from him in this (world) was king Bijjalendra; (and) the third from him was Vira-Hemmaliraya, the lord of Mayapuri, who prostrated himself before Murari (Vishnu). (Verse 6). The fourth from him was king TSita-Pinnama, at whose sight the crowd of 86 i m ^AlSTKARAOHARYA MATH A INSCRIPTIONS. enemies trembled; from him was born that king Somideva who took from the enemy seven forts in a single day; his heroic son was king Raghavadeva; (and) from him was born the glorious king Pinnama. (Verse 7). The son of this lord of the city of Araviti was king Bukka, whose power was (conti nually) rising, (and) who firmly established even the kingdom of Saluva-Nrisimha. (Verse 8). Just as Vishnu (married) Lakshmi, Bukka, the ornament of kings (and) the kalpa-tree, to scholars, married the prosperous Ballambika, who surpassed the celestial nymphs by her personal beauty, (and) whose virtue was highly respected. 8T No. VII. AN INSCRIPTION OF THE TIME OF 71JAYA RAGHIJNATHA TONE AIM AN OF PUDUKKOTTAI; §AKA SAMVAT, 1613. ^ I ' h i s is an inscription which is engraved on the two sides of a single plate, in Tamil characters and alphabet. The rectangular plate has a small circular top, on the front .portion of which are cut the figures of a Linga and of a Devi, each separated by lines which represent canopies over their head; on the back of this cir cular portion of the plate are out the words ^ri Bamajayam in Telugu characters. The Kumbha- konam matjia is intimately connected with Jambu- kesvaram in.the island of Srirahgam and hence, I am inclined to take the Linga and the Devi to be meant by the engraver to refer to Jamjbunatha and His consort Akhilandesvari. The writing on the plate is in good condition, but the plate itself is broken in its corners and the damage to the in scription incurred thereby is however practically nothing. 89 13 ^Rl ^aisikar So h Ae y a m a th a inscriptions . The record belongs to the time of the Puduk- kottai chief V*ijaya Eaghunatha Tondaiman, son of Tirumalaiyappa Tondaiman and is dated the 16th day of the month Tai in the year Dundubhi, which was also the ^aka year 1613. In this year, the servants of Vijaya Eaghunatha Tondaiman, who held lands in the southern division of Anbil, made a gift in perpetuity of certain paddy and money payments to one Vehkatakrishnayyan, son of Vehkatayyan of Kanchipuram. The inscription begins with a verbose and bombastic panegyric like those of the kings of Vijayanagara Empire, which they themselves did not claim but which has been usually employed by the Eamnad Zamindars in their copper-plate grants. As is also usual with these latter grants, all the kings of the Vijaya nagara Empire are enumerated one after another in an irregular, unchronological order. The donee, Venkatakrishnayyan of Kanohipuram, seems to be an agent of the matha sent to be in charge of the landed estates belonging to the matjiay which* were situated in the Trichinopoly District and adjoining Jambukesvaram. Anbil, Tiruvasi and the adjacent places have even now respectable families of Kallars, who bear the title na^avan (a corrupt form of nadalv^n ) ; perhaps the ancestors of these were holdimg jaghirs under the Pudukkottai chieftain 90 INSOEIPTION OP VUAYA EAGHUNATHA, and rendered military service to him. The actual grants made by these to the brahmana agent of the matha are: — (а) a huruni of paddy per head per mensem to be paid by all those who held appointments (?) under the Tondaiman:• • ' (б) a sum equal to the pay of one man to be paid as umhalam by every ten of the servant classes of men; (c) they should also give eight marahkals of paddy per annum ; (d) three pa^is of rice per diem for the Pallaya-chchottu-kattalai; and lastly (e) two pairs of male cloths and two female cloths per annum also had to be given as long as the moon and the sun lasted. The village of Anbil is said to have been situated in the Panri-sul-nadu of the Kajendra- ^olanadu, a sub-division of the Eajarajavalanadu. This village is situated on the north bank of the river Koleroon. The Vijayanagara Emperors who are mention ed in the document are given in the following order: Mallikarjunadeva Maharaya, Praudhadeva Maharaya, Yanaigundi Deva Maharaya, Virupa- kshadeva Maharaya and Srirahgadeva Maharaya. The Vijayanagara (or rather the Chandragiri) 91 ^El ^ai 5ikae Ao h Se y a MATHA insoeiptions . prince who might be taken to be the contemporary of the Pudukkottai chieftain Vijaya Eaghunatha Tondaiman is either Eahga YI or his successor. First Si^e. 1. t^Loear msirinemi^Qecafeu^ir^ -^1“ 2. Biuir irojeBuiTL^m L//rQQ^«0^^L/tysi;[]ir/nuir] 3. asmi—m (ifiQiirirujiramt t—^ <®aOT/_iraraOTi_[«ar].., 4- (smesit—iuu i9 p ^ iru ^ aC-t—irS\^a^ir(^sa^ ssm c^ 6 - ® QairemQ QsTemi—(Sir(S Qarrt—irpirm «^0 u B 6. SOT® ^treir uBQeuLL(S(ipsmt—uj ' ' <5T- 7. ii> LDsart—eoimQ^fremQ uS"Qsirsmt^ mr- 8. iT/r^sor r/rd= u>irppiremi—far itts^ S6mui.a e u ^ snr- 9. s^irssetr piMiSirireir Qaird-t—p ^ LoeirvsRuja' seiar-‘ t—ear 10. Qs^irfiLD^eaBiuir 0(fllL/sir Q st^iaeari^tuir «/r«o/r(5- 11. p sm ^iBis/ri3jrirLCi^ ^irsCSo'uibpdn' uss>t-^s- 12. emQjipstBuuirirseir iflaOTz—gsr 13. ^irffek ppa(jr^p(^pppai^ ppaS lQ ^ p^ pern- 14. ®siurir LSsmi—eir s^sisrL—uiSlps^emt—^ ^ la a - 15. rtSir/ruiear ^irsQaeum pi^^sii& i Qpil^s^em 16. us^&ixi & .ppir 3^pp s^Q pp^m r^u^ J>j3ru^ ®a- 92 Inscription of the reign of Vijaya Eaghunatha Tondainaan of Padukkdttaii Saka Samvat, 1613, No. V II. 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 e?'©^7. •■:• ^rr^^& ^ C. •• •W 8S—j uD ny>iJ,iT I • r ’ rTV q |g ^^ '< - - ■» —^ i-rT/tn /T tr\- /■ ^ j*s, rrrr 29 24 26 28 SO 32 34 36 38 ’ .-^ n rfBfcr'’iiiiaij' SCALE O. 7. T- A. G o p in a t h a R a o . Half-Tone By Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSCEIPTION OF VIJATA RAGHUNATHA 1 7 . a s ir Q e u iL.es> t— LoeoeS^mirpi' 1 8 . esrQ peum ao'irinuir iSpL juJSpeu LosiriTirajir 1 9 . tuirdssr^m ^ (Bpeum sirjrirtuir Q ^em Q p- 20. eu L cs O'a IT oj IT iririjaQ peu L us/rjiiriuir 21. eS ^u iriL S QpeuLDsaa-irajir §Q ir~ 22. imm (BpeuLosirmnuir iS ljS ^S mr~ 2 8 . ^S tuih uem est^iuQ ^etririBsarp 3^ir^~ 2 4 . eu IT sear a^sappC ^SirnilDtli. a 2 5 . eisGuseo Q s^&s&iirilesrp 2 6 . QS>^i£ ^ (D®6x - iTir3=[rir3=^e>Jsirisir® Jrtr- 2 7 . Q3=i^^srG'3=iripeuefn5irQ u m jS (^ip 2 8 . ff/r® ^liuSAO ^j)<5§sai(P e & 0 i- 2 9 . ^lEi^TessRiLietnc _lu ji/stnffiu u> ss- 8 0 . etfleo ^ (S lO ^ lU U U ^ G^JISKST- 8 1 . 6tS)L.lDII(6S)ir6UITS6fr ^ t M T i r e ir y^LD^ 6^^- 8 2 . 6B)ffiu G ff(5 0 ^ im iu G^(T6ror65)i_io(i- 88 . (0!r61l(T36fr e»ss)s esL ^iuistrpa j y - 8 4 . emesaruuL-L- pseouiiresr G u irs^ih 8 5 . ^ lip ppu>u> ^ernksff s^uam ^ppi SIT 0- 86 . # U Sp^eo S^arsses)t— U 6vesfle^(^s(^u> 8 7 . Ljeuesfl QsviEiStL-t_luiuesr (^LDirsreir [|O ea;]- 88. i b S l— 8 leLf,smiuiu § j)is(^ piriiuirs^ir^sfo'y 8 9 . ear (L pjS(^® pput^ s^remesr Second Side. 4 0 . . . . u ui^eairikQ p G uaseir 3 = sei> - 41. [[Gu/rJ.S0ti) ^ean}> u>irpu> eoeabr.sgjn;- 93 SBl ^AtlKARACHARTA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. 4 2 . « 0 O iSff0^lS(^Jil6S3fl^lLjl}i] ^e Q ^ti 4 3 . esE f^iusairpir a=- 4 4 . s e O 0 m 0 Ui 4 5 . £ a i ( 0 ^ 0 . ^ 6 ^ ^eSpuk e^ihu- 4 6 . e t r u ) Q u i t s u>pp^ 4 7 . e u 0 & ^ iT 6i i ^ 6 TiL®LDir 4 8 . uetrSsnoj^Q ^T p^ siLSetr 4 9 . ^earui ^^jiui^iL jU i eu 0 eLf,^ 5 0 . ireu ^ QjTesiir® Q sir® Q s^irm ^ui Q ir- 5 1 - eikir®Q<3^Ss0iLfixt _Q euiriM irs- 5 2 . 6 i|a ) ^m p ppLDLD ^ispuiSlpsirirui 5 3 . is^iT ir^ (S jiflajir^pp eum iri(^ih euiriiiQ- 5 4 . Qatrem® arsp^Q eo uS ^as si—Q eu^a» 5 5 . eifiii ^,v p ppL L p^.x 0 ojirpir Quiir 0 p p - 5 6 . 63T p s o i L - usOTeaafl^jpju) u s 0 & i i m u s a r - 5 7 . i^oflLO S/T^U^^D&y QlSlES'otTfS S6ZOJT* 5 8 - vQQeo sirinruiU3fes>&J Q sirem sareueir 5 9 . tSlpihiM p^&atu ^sp ^em u j uetarem^- 60. OTra/esr erihp Q pirei^p^eo leffsp^eo j y - 6 1 . ^u eS u u irQ ^ j^sp Qpireijkth jy- 62. ^UefiujL//T0)£E6)/U> ^ppppLD U ) BSaj^- 6 3 . lussirpiT j>jsm eim uuL-i— sseoim resr 6 4 . sfl ^lipppL D ii) uirpirQ uiir- 6 5 . 0 ppiT eQeiriBS i5 L ^ u i Q s 0 triraQeiTir jif- 6 6 . e v i r S ( ^ s 0 ^uSirpO pL .® ^euireQiuth 6 7 . jifsQ psirir s^p^TTiaa&r usmessfJesr u~ 68. eo^^swru^Tiu 05=/fl(sj^eflflj/r Inscription of the reign of Vijaya Raghunatha Topdaiman, No. V II. l a 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 53 S3 54 65 56 57 58 59 r rrrio * —lfJrC)Dic7j 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 78 73 SCAI.R O. 7. T. A. G opinatha Rao . Half-Tone By Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. INSOEIPTION OF VIJATA EAGHUNATHA. 6 9 . IT a^uiu^Q^irCoL- u30- 7 0 - [u]uir/r««rr 7 1 . ...ir^irS iu ir 0 U >irji^ QaieoiriLj^Ui a » « [ |i u ] - 7 2 . Q uiBiU ^tuS ^ B s a n r . ... ABSTEAOT OF CONTENTS. (First Side). Be it well 1 Mallikarjunadeva- maharayar — Praudhadevamaharayar — Krishna- de vamaharayar of Anegundi—Bamadevamaharayar — Virupakshadevamaharayar—^rirangadevamaha- rayar,—who bore the titles Mahaman^aleivara, arirayaravibha^a,bh&shaikhu-tappuvardi,yaraganda, muvar&yara-gan^a, gan^ara-gan^a, ...... dai-prata- pan, Teathari-haluvan, he who took the countries that came in his sight and having once taken them never relinquished them afterwards, he who himself riding on a single horse took a herd of horses (from his enemies), he who bought credit to the two families (those of his father and mother), he who took all the countries, the king of kings who levied tribute on llam (Ceylon), rajamdrtt&n^an, rajahan^hiravan, the lord of kings, kdttattu-ma{va)nniyar gan^an (the dread to the enemies, vanniyary in the Jcottam) a sun to the ^ori-manniyar, a god of death to the ge^i-fna7iniyar, TuhgdhJiirdman, Durga-revantan, a dread to those who ...... oii the sight 96 ^Rl sa ^ikar Ac h sr y a m ath a inscriptions . of the army, an incarnation of the wielder of the five arrows (Kama, the Hindu god of love), a disputer of disputants, TarTtavinodan, a dread to those that come to collect (tribute?), Ghan^a- praohandan, Twhgahliiraman (this and the next hiruda are unnecessarily repeated here), Durgare- vantan, the lord of the east, the south, the west and the north seas, Asvapati, Gajapati and who, was pleased to witness the dog-hunt,—when this king was ruling the kingdom of the world, in the year 1613 of the ^alivahana §aka era, on the l<5th day of the month Tai of the year Dundubhi, we, the members of the araiya community who reside in the southern part of the village of Anbil which is situated in the Panrisulnadu, a sub-division of the Rajendrasolavalanadu which is itself a division of the Rajarajanadu and hold service- tenure lands (in it) and who are the servants of Srimad-Vijayaraghunatharaya Tondaiman, son of ^rimat-Tirumalaiyappa Tondaiman—all of us have given our consent to th8' conduct of the undermen tioned charity and have given this copper-plate deed to Venkatakrishnayyan, the son of Pavani Venkatayyan residing in the ulka^aippavani in Kanchipura, (A levy has been fixed) at the rate of a Tcurv/tyi of paddy per head per mensem on all those 96 INSCEIPTION OP VIJAYA EAGHUNATHA. who tak e ...... ; an amount equal to the pay and the umhalam of one man in every ten on all those who are in receipt of (monthly) pay ; on all others eight maralcJcals of paddy per annum, of pallaya- cTichdttu (?) the daily supply of 3 padis of the Tiattalai-afihi (the rice that is spent for some fixed ceremony in a temple, such as feeding some one or bathing the image with milk, &c.) and two pairs of male-cloths and two female-cloths annually : these, we have bound ourselves to give ; this charitable gift, I (perhaps meaning the donee)'shall receive in the manner narrated above as long as the sun and moon last and live in ease and happiness. Those who do injury to or stop this charity shall gain the same sin which he who obtains by the killing of a tawny cow on the bank of the river Ganges in Kasi and killing of a brahmana and a woman. This charity is (binding) alike (on all) those who are said to be the servants (of the Tondaiman afore mentioned). Those that conduct this charity will obtain the merit of having set up a thousand and eight Sivalihgas, of having established agra- haras and satras, and shall live eternally in company of their sons and sons’ sons and with riches. This is the signature of Velayudan, son of ...... acharyar, who wrote thus (the deed). May the goddess Periyanayaki grant us her aid. 97 18 No. VIII. AN INSCRIPTION OF THE REIGN OF YIJAYARANGA-CHOKKANATHA NAYA- NAYYAVARU: ^AKA SAMVAT 1630. I ' h e subjoined inscription is also engraved on . two sides of a single plate. This plate has got a projection on the top of semi-circular shape ; on the front side of this bit are engraved the sun and the moon, on the left and right respec tively ; on the left a Lihga is placed under a tree and worshipped by an elephant and a spider; and on the right the figure of a standing Devi. Below the roots of the tree is a devotee seated cross legged and with hands folded across the chest in the anjali pose and below the Linga is a square divided into nine equal portions. There is absolutely no doubt in this case that the Lihga represents the god Jambunatha and the goddess Akhilandesvari of the temple at Jambukesvaram. The tree under which the Lihga is represented is the Jambu tree peculiar to the temple of Jambukesvaram (the athalavriksha). The legend of this shrine is that 99 ^El sankaeachaeya matha insceiptions . an elephant and a spider worshipped daily the god Siva at this place very devoutly and after its death the spider was reborn as the great Chola king of the earlier times, Ko-oh-Chengannan. The devotee re presents Jambu-muni from whose head, the sthala- purana states, the Jambu tree sprang up and the nine squares perhaps stand for the tank Jambu-' tirtha in the temple. On the top of the first side of the plate and immediately below the figures described above, are engraved the words Sri ChandramauUsvarasvami. The record belongs to the reign of the Nayaka, king of Madhura, Vijaya- rahga-Chokkanatha and is written in . the Telugu characters and language. As is the characteristic feature with the inscriptions of this king’s reign, the reduplication of consonants unnecessarily is met with in this one also; e.g., in manddu in ll. 6, 7, 8 and 15 ; in unddaganu in Z. 9 ; in l 100 INSOEIPTION OP VIJAYAEAl^GA CHOKKANATHA. Nakshatra, the king Vijayarahga-Chokkanatha made a grant of lands situated in a number of places, at the instance of the then svami of the 6arada Matha, for the maintenance of the feeding of Brahmanas in the matha situated in the Ponvasi- kondan street in Ga]aranyakshetra. The follow ing note has been kindly supplied to me by Mr. L.D. Swamikkannu Pillai regarding the date:— “ S. 1630. Vikriti, Karttika 6ukla 1, Induvasara (Monday), Eohini Nakshatra. 6ukla, 1 tithi and Eohini Nakshatra cannot join together in Karttika lunar month but may join in Jyeshtha month. The date referred to was possibly Monday 10th May A.D. 1708 on which day Sukla 1 ended about sunrise—It was also a day of Eohini Nakshatra.” The over-lord of the Madura Nayaka mentioned in this document is said to be Vehkatadeva M aharaja; "he might perhaps be Eahga alias Venkata given as the grandson of Vira Venkata in the genealogical table appended to No. VI above. This Venkata- deva Maharaya is said to have been reigning, seated on his jewelled throne in Ghanagiri, that is, Penugonda, his capital. Vijayarahga-Ghokka- natha calls his own Government as the Dakshina- simhasana and its rulers, the Dakshina-simhasana- dhyakshas. The genealogy of the donor is given as follows: 101 ^EI ^aisikae I c h Se t a MATHA insgeiptions . Visvanadba Nayanivaru of the Kasyapa-gobra, the foander of the dynasty. I Ohokkanadba Nayanivarn. Eangakrishna-MudduvirappaI JNayanivaru. '1 Vijayaranga-Ohokkanadha Nayanivaru. The last king of the above table was also the last of the kings of the dynasty of the Madura Nayakas. He was the grandson of the famous Mahgammal whose memory was fondly cherished by the people of the southern portion of the Madras Presidency and whose name and glory still lingers there. The earlier portion of this king’s reign was under the efficient regency of his grand-mother Mahgammal, because his father died within seven years after his (father’s) accession to the throne and Vijayarahga-Chokkanatha was a minor. When he himself died his queen Minakshi succeeded him ; it was in this reign that Trichinopoly, the more important seat of the Government of the Madura Nayakas, fell into the hands of the Nabobs of the Carnatic, by the machinations of their General Chanda Sahib. The name of the svami of the Kamak5ti-Pitha at the time of this grant is not given; he is referred 102 INSOEIPTION OP VIJAYARA^IGA CHOKKANSTHA. to only as Lokaguru Srimad ^ankaracharya- svaumlavarn. The plots of lands granted for the annadana hattala were situated in the following places:—in Mahendramahgalam in the Tottiyam- Bima; in Krishnapuram ; in Karakkadu ; in Kondayampettai; in Mahgamambapuram in the Tiruchohendorai-sima; in A.riyur in the Tinnam- sima and, in Ariyamahgalam in the Konadu-sima. The document also records that certain dishes for n'aivedya were to be prepared and offered daily to the god of the Jambukesvaram temple ; they are, cooked rice prepared from four padis of rice ; ddke, atirasUf sugiyan and dipamchaviaru (oil for lamps) ; for this purpose the tolls collected on the tTWO banks of the river (or the rivers Kaveri and Kollidam) were also assigned. The usual verses imploring the maintenance of the charity by the members of one’s own race o^ those of other kings and the imprecatory verses are seen at the end, as also the signature of the king in big bold Telugu letters written by the king’s own hand, as the document asserts. The places mentioned in this inscription are : Gajaranyakshetram; Ponvasikondan street in it; Tottiyamsime and Mahendramahgalam in it; Gbpalasvami’s garden; Krishnapuram; Karakkadu 103 ^RI^AISIKARACHARYA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. Kondayampettai, Tiruchchendoraislme and Man- gammapuram in it; Tinnamsime and Ariyalur in it and Ariyamangalam in the Konadusime. Of these, Gajaranyakshetram is another name for Jambukes- varam or Tiruvanaikkaval. Which of the present streets of this town was known as the Ponvasikondan street cannot be ascertained. The name Ponvasikon dan has reference to the history of the Saiva Saint, Tirujnanasambandha; when he and his elder con temporary Appar were obliged to stay away for a longtime at Tiruvilirailalai on account of a severe famine that was then raging, the god of the temple of that place (Siva) was pleased to grant to each of these devotees a gold piece a day for the main tenance of themselves and their dependents. The boy saint was fully conscious of his greatness, whereas the elderly saint never recognised any greatness in himself. So, the god, for the purpose of teaching better behaviour to the younger saint, was giving him a slightly debased coin, while he was systematically given a soun^ one to the elder. On account of the debasement in the coin, a small discount was always deducted by grocers when the money of Tirujnanasambandha was offered to them. On imploring the god to treat him equally with Apparsvamigal he obtained thenceforth sound coins. Tottiyam-sime takes its name from the village 104 INSOBIPTION OF VIJAYARAISTGA OHOKKANATHA. Tottiyam in the Musiri Taluka. This place has a large population of Telugu speaking Sudras who are reputed to be masters of black-magic and are held in dread by the other people of the surrounding country. Mahendramahgalam is on the bank of the river Kaveri opposite to Lalappettai, a station on the Erode-Trichinopoly branch of the South Indian Railway and near the village of ^rinivasa- nallur; the matjia has still landed property here. There is a small stone shrine at Sannyasi-madam, a hamlet of Mahendramahgalam belonging to the Kumbhakonam matha, dedicated to Venugopala- svamin. On the doorway of the shrine is carved a figure of an advaiti sannyasin with his dan^a and ghata. This temple and the adjoining lands are still in the possession of the Saukaracharya matha of Kumbhakonam. This shrine may be identified with the Gopalasvamin temple mentioned in the document. Krishnapuram is a village about half a mile to the east of Sannyasi-madam. Karaikkadu is some five miles west of Mahendramahgalam in the Musiri Taluka. Kondayampettai is a suburb of Jambukesvaram and Tiruchchendurai is a village situated 6 miles higher up Trichinopoly on the south bank of the Kaveri and has in it an ancient 6iva temple. It is not possible, to identify Mahgammapuram. Tinnam-sime receives its name 106 u S'r I S'AISTKARAOHARYA MAq?HA INSCRIPTIONS. from the Tillage of Tinniyam in the Trichinopoly Taluka and Ariyalur is a town in the Udaiyar- palayam TalQka. The present Pudukkottai State and its surrounding country were known in ancient times as Kongidu and Ariyamahgalam is a village very near Trichinopoly. TEXT. 1 FIRST SIDE. ^ [II [II] u>. |®[||*] S- ^RRRf# %3lil®»ng 1. From the inked impres 5. Read wherever ^ is sions. doubled read it simply 2. ^ is engraved above the as ^ (with its second line. ary forms). 3. There is some space lef6 6. Bead ogcg'o; wherever ^ between lines 3 & 4. is doubled, read it, 4. Bead simply as 106 Inscription of Vijayaranga Chokkanatba Nayarayyavaru, Saka Samvat, 1630, No. V III. la 11 10 13 12 IS 14 17 IG 19 18 ai 20 23 22 24 S5 26 SCALE O, 7. T. A. G opinatha R ao , Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras, INSCRIPTION OF VIJAYARANGA CHOKKANATHA. ^o. %]JT ?». ^'h3^i9%?r K\> 5 ^ ^ (% I JT^Roq%^|® qf9?ii%€(fi® \\. ^ f5 ^^rf^r% ^^ ^S. II II sftr%nr9 Ro. ^rflrf^^ff^Jir ?i^- R ^ i^i%?r ^ [II*] trf|4 ^f[- RR. ^ #^rr^r^® ^ RR."^ X [I*] iff^RTI^ ^ ^ [l*] 3T^»ir- R». 5 ^ [ 1*] 9T^9R»^ 7. Read wherever cT ia 14. Read ?TRo. doubled, read it simply 15. Read oinT5S5$t read the _ ®® doubled 3? simply as 8 . Read f^^RnTT®. 55, 9. Read oJTf«r. 16. Read VTff^ 10. Read and g^lff 17. A numerical symbol is. 11. Read 9T5R[R used here, which is not 12. Read ernn^f^: read the reproduced in the trans doubled ^ simply as ^ cript. 13. Read 107 SEI s'ankaeaohaeya m a th a insoeiptions . \ ^ [1*] ^ c [i*] SECOND SIDE, 5^Vi). 5T^ tr^ H [I*] 'K^. tr^ ^ [II*] ^fosrj^ \o. R[i*] Cr^Tf R [i*]3T^^^rr5 ^ [|jit]# q ^ [r^] ^q =qq^ q[r%?] R ” [ii*] w - q ? 1% \R. gqqq f^v-q qji^JFT^i \ [II*] 4t qqirt qf^^- qtsqr \i^. qr^it^^qigiRq) qigf^^qsqt*^®- 'q ? ^ ^qrf^qr q^- qf^qi^ ^^195 3TRf|^r^ ^fqq^f^ II ^fq- qisqq|?f«^ ^qii^’qtgqf^q | ^rqrciq- 18. Eead f^ f^ in the original as 19. Eead 23. Eead 20. Eead 24. Eead q?gq 21. ^13' is a corruption of the 25. Eead q $ q ^ Tamil word kattalai. 26. Eead airq^qi^ 22. The word f ^ is written 27. Eead qRTqi=E^«. 108 Inscription of Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayanayyavaru, Saka Samvat 1630, No. V III. Ib 27 28 20 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 SCALE O. 7. T. A. Gopin .\t h .\ R ao . Half-Tone byPhoto-Engraving Co., Madras. INSOEIPTION OP VIJAYAEANGA CHOKKANATHA. 3 0 4 I »o. ^ t o n ^ ft- % t o t II ^ im \i nr ^ VR. ^ ‘nqr(:)^nn53q^f%TiT: | q R q i^ p q ^ ^ ’ ncqr|q;i5?mt t o ^\i. w qfrf4 II t^rqqTFq qr? [||*] ABSTEAOT OP CONTENTS. Line 1. (Invocation to the god), ^riohandra- maulesvarasvami (the aspect of &iva worshipped in the Sahkaracharya matha of both Kumbhakonam and ^ringeri and all other ^ahkaracharya mathas). LI. 2-3. To Sahkarabhagavatpadaoharya- Bvamin, who is a parainahaihsa, the highest among the parivrajaJca-acharyas and who resides at Kanohipura : 28. Bead 30. Bead qipvRin. 29. Bead 31. Bead qfS and f^BTqf. 109 SRI s'a n k a r Ao h arya m atha inscriptions . LI. 4-6. Be it well! In the victorious era of ^alivahana, the year 1630 being current, on the Monday which corresponded with the 15th tithi of the bright fortnight of the month Karttika, and nakshatra Rohini, in the year Vikriti : LI. 6-9. On this auspicious day, while Vehkatadevamaharaya who bore the imperial titles rajadhiraja, -paramehara and vlra-pratapa, being seated upon the jewelled throne at G-hanagiri (Penukonda), was ruling the kingdom of the world. LI. 10-15. Vijaya-Rahga-Chokkanatha-Naya- nayyavaru, the son of Ranga-Krishna-Muddu- virappa-Nayanayyavaru and the grandson of Chokkanatha-Nayanayyavaru who was the per- petuator of.the race of Visvangptha-Nayanivaru, who belonged to the Kasyapa gotra and who was the Lord of the Pandyamandala and the rightful occupant of the southern simJi5,sana (the southern kingdom, that is, the Madura Nayakdom), gave to ^ahkaracharyasvami, who is the preceptor of the world {loJcaguru) the followi^^g: LI. 15-19. The svamin having his own matha, from olden times, situated in the Ponva^ikondan street in the Gajaranyakshetra (Jambukesvara, Tiruvanaikka near Srirangam) commanded (us) that in that matha charities such as feeding {annadana) etc., should be conducted perpetually. 110 INSCRIPTION OP VIJAYARANGA CHOKKANATHA. LI. 19-21.—(Thereon the following order was issued on a copper-plate embodying the freehold lands granted for the conduct of the 'puja, naivedya (food oflering), feeding to the satisfaction of brah- manas, &c. LI. 21-28.—4^ half mas with one tdm of land belonging to the hliaiiavritti (land) in (the village of) Mahendramangalam situated in the Tottiyam- sime; the garden of Gopalasvamin 1; 4J half mas with two tarns of land in Krishnapuram; 4i half mas with one taru in Karakkadu; 2 keys of wet land in Kondayampettai; 8 keys of wet land in (the village of) Mahgamambapuram situated in the Tiruchchendorai-sime;, 16 keys of wet land in Ariyur situated in the Tinniyam-sime; and 6 keys of wet land in the village of Ariyamahgalam situated in the Konadu-sime in the south. LI. 28-32.—For the daily offerings consisting of 4 padis (measures of uncooked rice) 2 taligais of cooked rice, 2 dokais, 2 atirasams, 1 sigiyan, and f padi of oil (for lamp), to be offered to the god in the temple of Jambuke^varam, the following were given, namely, keys (of land) on either bank (of the river Kaveri), as also the tolls (here, a portion of the passage is somewhat obscure). LI. 32.—We have made these arrangements, in accordance with which the deed was also written, 111 ^Ri ^ai Sk a r So h Aey a m ath a inscriptions . so that (the charity) might be conducted in this (aforesaid) manner; you and your line of disciples shall also enjoy (the lands), shall conduct the charities as long as the sun and the moon subsist and grant us your blessings. (Then follow the four common verses convey ing the virtues of the protection of charities and imploring the subsequent generation of kings to protect this charity). 112 No. IX. A FIRMlN BY THE EMPEROR OF D ELH I (?). H IJIR A 1088. ^ I 'H E inscription edited below is ^f/rman issued in favour of His Holiness, the ' Svami Paramabamsa Parivrajakacharya of the ^arada matha in the sacred place of Kanchi, otherwise known as the Satyavratakshebra, embodying in it an annual inam of 115 varahas, meant for the purposes of worship and daily 'offerings to the god Chandramaulisvara and for the feeding of Brahma- nas. The grantor of the inam is described as ‘ an Emperor who is obeyed by all the world, who is a Sultan upon whom all the maharajas depend and who is the representative of god on earth.’ The inscription is written in the Telugu alphabet; the first part of the record which is engraved on the first side of the first plate is in the Sanskrit language; the second part beginning from 113 16 SB! sa n k a r Ao h Aby a MATHA insoriptions . Z. 13 up to 1. 27 is in the Persian language; .the third part, from ll. 27 to 39 which embodies the pruhasti of the svamis of the Sarada-matha, is once again in Sanskrit; then, the fourth part, from U. 40 to 47 is in: the Telugu language ; the last and the fifth part is again in Persian. The inscrip tion is dated the 1st of the month Shauval of the year 1088 of the Hijira Era,, which is equivalent to 1710 A.D. In A.D. 1707, the great Moghul Emperor Aurangazib died and was succeeded' by Bahadur Shah, but the latter died in an attempt to put down the Sikhs at Lahore in 1712. The date of our firman falls within the feign of this Emperor, who is said to have been a wise and valiant prince, and as such might very likely have made the grant of the inam to the svami of the 6arada-matha of Kanchi. But the document is silent about the actual name of the Emperor who ordered the inam to be given to the matha and therefore we may believe that it was perhaps issued by Bahadur Shah. The order is addressed to the village officers, villagers and the tax-gatherers in Changalpattu division; the person who made a representation to the imperial Court for the granting of this inam was Lingoji Sangarsu, the Tarafdar (collector of revenue) of the district of Melpaka belonging to the Changalpattu jurisdiction ; at the lift A Firman of the Emperor of Delhi (?}• No. IX. 16 * •XS£>Ao??3Q'4b'<>S)t5o 10 11 r 12 V!r'«.-i'riJ SCALE O. 6. T. A. G o p i n a t h a R a O. Half-Tone by riipto-Itngraving Co., Madras. A FIRMAN BY THE EMPEROR OP DELHI. end of the record is the signature of Tamada Bhftnuji, the District Eevenue Accountant. The village Melpakkam mentioned in the inscription is situated in the Madhurantakam Taluka of the Chingleput District. I am indebted to Prof. K. Amrita Eao, M, A., the polyglot scholar and eminent philologist, for the translation of and notes on this copper-plate grant, and I take this opportunity to offer him my grateful thanks for the trouble he has taken on my account. TEXT 1. FIRST PLATE. SECOND SIDE. v». qrr uu I** 1, From the original and the 3. For Read impressions. 4. $rwn^ siwriff 2. These two ilokas occur 99 in a work called the 5. » 99 Sivashtapadi of one 6. 79 Chandrasekhar d n d r a Sarasvati, one of the 7, » 99 pontiffs of theKamakdti 8. 79 99 pitha. 115 i^Bi s' aisikaeacharya m ath a inscriptions c:. I ?o. I n. «r iig I ^ «n^* SECOND PLATE, EIRST SIDE. /•Nrf , W v r 3T5r%i5 s- n . w ''%;ji''T ». ^5^’ 12. firing should be 10. „ ^ ^ written diwani buma- • * „ ^ yum: The august or 11. 'mfs tRig srfPRTT should imperial Court. %55T?>rr, be farman-farmai jahan- Caliphate, imperial dig mu6a, i.e., an issuer of nity, monarchy. orders (monarob, em filled, charged with. peror, who is obeyed by the whole world). 13. august, e.g., 'HI5....f5r^ refers nama’i humayum mai- to the Emperor. manat maqrun means ST3T f^'ll^....from the office an august, imperial, royal letter. f^T, thus. of such an Emperor. snw%, of the sun. promulgated, at the zenith. issued with dignity. ^ is l^irl«il, who deser unnecessary in ves to be obeyed. we should have ^R^P. 116 A Firm an of the Em peror of Delhi {?), No. I X . lid •Vv'.j ■ ■••. ■• . . ^ .,- r Z M 14 15 16 17 ? j \D - - y s & ar^^TOeccshs^=«f| 13 19 ^ ;l 20 21 - r p i|’-;;P & (jj 5 05-T5 p £75 - 22 23 ^ 4 ^ :13 25 -g I ^ H;;|)3 GD S P 5 27 SCALE O. 0. T. A. GopiNAtnA Ha O. tialf-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. A IIEMAN b y t h e EMPBROB OE DELHI. % I ?n^r^ n - ^ ^1 % ^o . ^RTI^ 5 ^ ^ ^(1 )^ RR. m m 3t I II ^ qRj STHT 14. iH (’^) = sam0 as 18. WT should he ^i<9^ Va«< 1 .present 15. «BHt^«Jlft, olerka. *TT^- and future. R#, I think modalalu, a chief should be R^. Magani, or headman, mudalali, a a division of a revenue president, a proprietor.. district usually consist Mudali, a title of agricul ing of 6 or 7 villages; tural and some, other the subdivision of a respectable class. 1 tahsildari. It also means think iTTc[<$T^2nfW may wet cultivation. This meaning suits the con be taken as respect text on account of R^. able people of the village. 19. BUrrfstiTr, artificers, arti 16. «TTi«ji 117 ^Ei ^ai Jikaraoharya m a th a inscriptions . ?TMor w SECOND PLATE. SECOND SIDE. ^6. [II*] ^ - \ o. ^rt- ^rf^rsR 1 ^ “wgirr- m . 5ir#% 22. 115^ ia redundant. 25. Eor ^ Read also in 23. petition, repre lines 30, 31. 36, 38, 39. sentation. 26. Eor»i^j A Firman of the Emperor of Delhi (?)■ No. IX. m 28 29 < 0 .0 ^ S m , C ^ i | j O 30 31 \ V \ 7 32 33 ^ B o ^ 0 ' ij) 5 ^ ^ a ’5? &: 34 85 36 37 " P B S ° cJO # o ,^ - 33 39 40 SCALE O. 6. T. A. GOPINATHA RAO. Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. A PIBMSN b y t h e EMPBEOE o f DELHI. \ c . ^ HffoJW THIED PLATE, FIEST SIDE. »o. ^ 01 HERm Et5!^ f^- «r g^®®*rr3 i i%ri5 ^ %%5nt »». m ^^1% ^- 5IT 51^ f^ m ^ mrft 3 ^ ^ 9 tR^®® >k 5?vs. ;tI3 M HI I » «\R. 5^5R3^?^qfr % w 3 33. For Bead Sbaawal, the tenth *nf^ „ ijj^ Muhammadan month, beginning ' with the 34. „ „ wm* Bairam feast or break 35. „ ^ of the fast of Eamazan. 36. 91(t«4—original. 36. qRqn^ «s permission. I oannob anderBiiand the t5Rp$ symbol after 1088; let ^ 9 5 near, of one who of Sbauwal 1088 Higira. is near (minister). 119 s' e i s a n k a e So h Arya m a th a inscriptions . ^ er ^ ( r ) ?r ^r% t o '^'S. ^ JIKT 5TI5 f^ IT^ 9T ^<4 A Firman of the Emperor of Delhi (?), No. IX. I lia 41 42 43 •oi f 7 ® & 0 ^ p QT> 1^ .5$ ? 44 45 ??■ ^ •S-|<5 O"'! 46 ° 0 < S ° 47 ^ 'K r cX.X X- V . 48 49 oJ N Qi ' tv^ ' --^ ^ _ 1‘ 1 50 51 63 53 54 55 66 67 58 59 SCALE O. 6. T. A. G opinatha Rao . Half-Tone by Photo-Engraving Co , Madras. A FIEMAN b y t h e EMPEEOE o p DELHI. TEANSLATION.* Salutation to the preceptors 1 “ Oh Lord, who is the beloved son of Sankara, the remover of all obstacles (difficulties) and the dispeller of *the sorrows of those who bow down to ‘thee; take a delight in residing (be pleased to reside) in the mandapa (temple) made of brilliant gems in the middle of my lotus-like heart. May. Sarada reside in my lotus-like mouth,'Sarada, who is, as it were, the stream of honey flowing from the lotus like face of Brahma, Sarada, whose actions (glorious utterances) are praised by the several yedas and whose lustre equals that' of crores of moons shining simultaneously. Eeverence to Sambhu, who is rendered beautiful by a chowri, which is the moon that lightly rests upon his lofty head, and who is 'the pillar of foundation for building ‘ the city of the three worlds’. Let the tusk of the boar of amuse ment of Hari protect us, on account of which tusk, the earth looked like a beautiful umbrella on the a top of Mount Sumeru. Firman issued (with honour and dignity) under the authority of the august and imperial govern ment of an Emperor, who is obeyed by all the * By Prof, K, Amrita Bao, M.A. 121 16 SEI SANKAEAOHARYA MATHA INSCEIPTIONS. world, and who resembles the sun at his zenith and is worthy of being obeyed. Let the clerks, landed proprietors,* villagers, agriculturists, headmen of villages, farmers, village karnams, the present and future tax-gatherers of wet lands of Chahgalpattu hereby know that on the representation (petition) of Lirigoji Sahgarsu, Taraf- dar (collector of revenue of the district) of Melpaka, ’belonging- to the aforesaid jurisdiction, we have ordered an inam of 115 varahas to be granted for purposes of worship (waving lights before the idol), daily offerings of cakes &c., and all other kinds of worship such as feeding of Brahmanas, to god Chandramauli^vara, worshipped by his Holiness Svami Paramahamsa Prarivrajakacharya of ^arada matlia in the, sacred place of Kanchi, otherwise called Satyavrata, the source of all Vedas and Sastras, patronised by all the beneficent kings of the four ages beginning with Krita-yuga, a sacred place, where §ri Ekamranatha, the consort of ^ri Kamaksbi, served by 33 crores of gods, who are the ornament of the earth, chose to reveal himself. The inam amount, therefore should be paid to the God, every year, without fail. A copy should be made and the original firman should be returned ; 1st of Shauval 1088. Order issued from the court of the Emperor, 132 A ilEMAN B t 0?HB BMfBlU!)E OB who is tine pretAGtor tpf the Umpire, a ^uitah tipori whoaa all the maharajahs who are the weihwishors oiE the Empire depem4, aiad j^ho,i» the reprASenta*’ tiveof God oii earth. Tamada Bhanrijd,f-i)istriGt Eeventie AGGountant.” 123 No..X. AN INSCEIPTION OF SAKA SAMVAT 1608. ^ I 'H E subjoined inscription is engraved on two * sides of a single plate in an extremely slip shod manner and in a kind of Nagari character which is quite modern and which is very peculiar for the shapes of the letters and it is full of mistakes. The first part of the inscription from 1. 1 to Z. 3 is in the Telugu language; then comes the Sanskrit pra^asti of the 8vamis of the ^arada-matha of Kahchi and cover ll. 3 to 15 and the rest of the document is in Telugu. The inscription is dated Saturday, the 15th tithi of the bright half of the month Vaisakha, in the year Prabhava which corresponded with the 6aka year 1608. On this day there occurred an eclipse of the moon; on this punyaMla, Mahade- vendra Sarasvati, disciple of Chandrasekhara Saras- vati of the ^arada-matha of Kanchi gave to a brahmana named Kama Sastri who belonged to the 125 SRI SANKARAOHARtA MATHA INSCRIPTIONS. Hoysana Karnata sect {i.e., the Karnatakas of the Hoysala country, one of the sub-division of the Karnatakas) and of the Asvalayana sutra and Kamakayana Visvamitra gotra, land in the village of.Melupakkam and some taxes, two varalias per annum from the matha, and two house-^ites. The village of Melupaka belonged, to the Jaghir-sime granted to the matha in the Chahgalpattu jurisdic tion sometime before the date of our record by the brothers Akkanna and Madanna*t>f Golakonda. • As• • regards the date, Mr. L. D. Swamikkannu Pillai writes as follows.—“ ^ 1608, Prabhava, VisSikha, 6udi, 15, Saturday, lunar eclipse. ^ 1608 A.D. = 1686-87 ; but Prabhava was A.D.-1687-88. The day intended was Saturday, 16th April, A.D. 1687. The commenced at ’68 of the day and ended at ’55 of the following day. There was no lunar eclipse on the day in question.” The brothers Akkanna and Madanna mentioned in the inscription under notice were the ministers of the Kutb Shahi 'Sultan, Abul Hasan. They afe also said to be the uncles of the devotee Eamadasa, who^ is believed by people to have held the Tahsildari of Phadrachalam and who was put to torture for embezzlement of the public revenue, for the purpose of building a temple for the god Rama and endowing it. Abul Hasan, the last of the Sultans of Golkonda, is said to have 126 AN INSCEIPTION OP SAKA SAMVAT 1608. confided the conduct'of the affairs of his Govern ment to these* brahmana ministers and was himself enjoying life. The following account of these two persons is taken from the Madras Epigraphist’s Annual Eeport' for' 1915. “ TheTDutc^ journalist Havart supplies some information about Akkanna Havart on Aitkanna and Madahna, the ministers of the andMadanna. ^utb Shahi kings, Abdulla Kutb Shgph and Abul Hasani They "^ere two brothers fiorn of a very poor family who entered service as shroffs in A.D'. 1666 on a* pay-of 10 gild^erj^ per" mensem under Saiyya’^ Mustapha, a "nobleman" of Golbonda known to fame as Mir*Zumla. Madg^nka ■ alias Su'ryapraka^a’ Kao is sts^fed! by wie l)utch journalist to have been an intelligent man whereas his brother Akkanna was a man of cuhning And roguery with very little of understanding. The brothers rose in rank by an apparent act of trea- Mchery which cost Mir Zumla his high office under the Nabobs of GolkonSa. Madanna became a very^ prominent figure in,the administration of the king dom so much so that the Sultan left .everything to his care and was satisfied with receiving 75,000 dollars for his personal use. Madanna was well^ versed in Persian, Hindustani and the Vernaculars^ of the country and lived in a kingly style. As the golderf palanquin in which he went out, passed in 137 ^El ^a M a r a c h a by a m ath a inscriptions . the streets, people showed their.respect by stopping on the way, He. was very kind to the Hatch and the author of the journal, Havart, says that he had the honour of seeing Madanna often. Having served under Abdulla Kutb Shah (A.D. 1611-72) the two' brothers seem to have maintained the same high position also under the reign of Abul Hasan, thfe successor of Abdulla Kutb Shah. But they were not to maintain this long. A.D. 1685>the Mughal king, Aurangazeb marched with his army into Golkonda and plunder ed first the house of Madanna. The people were in a^ state of panic and accused Madanna of high treason. Under ordei^s from the Sultan they mur dered the two brothers who were once the bosom friends of the king, in a most ignominious’ way. Akkanna and* Madanna were dragged along the streets in the presence of the people (fig. d. on Plate II). The head of Madanna was severed from the body and sent to Aurangazeb while that of' Akkanna was trampled under the foot of an elephant. The death of the two brothers must have happened after the 29th of October 1685 when the Mughal army entered Golkonda and perhaps before the end of that month. The Sultan Abul Hasan' who thought that he would now be safe was himself deposed and confined in f)aulatabad in 1687.” 128 AN INSCEIPTION OF SAKA SAMVAT 1608. Four pictures are reproduced from Havart’s Journal. Under each one of the pictures, Havart has affixed a short passage in the Dutch language giving an estimate of each of the personages depict ed there. . They run as follows:— PLATE IT. Tweede deel, Fol. 219“Second Volume, p. 219. Akkanna and Madanna. Sultaan Aboe-il-Hassan Kotbsiah. Konig van Golkonda,=Sultan Abu-l-Hassan Kutbshah, King of Golkonda. Nemo felix ntae obitum=No one is happy before his death. Hy was een Koning in de naam, niot in der daad. Quam tot die waardigheit van de alderlaagste staat. Bn liet don andere, zig zelf, ent Eyk bestieren. Een dom, onnozel Mensch, niet Vorstlyk in manieren Toen nu’t qeluk met hem een tyd lang had gefopt (?) Wierd hy don Eygen Schuld van Kroon En Throon gesohopt. 129 17 SEI s a n k a e Ac h Aby a m ath a insoeiptions . Kroop in het zant, vrat stof, moest zich als slaaf Vermindren. Wee Zulken land alwaar de Koningen Zyn Kind’ren. TEANSLATION. He was a king (only) in name, (and) not in deed (actually). He attained to that dignity from the very lowest position and allowed himself and his kingdom to be governed by others. He was a stupid and silly man, and not kingly in manners (never behaved like a king). When now fortune had fooled with him a long time, he was kicked from (deprived of) his crown and throne by his own fault. He crept in the sand, ate dust, and had to humiliate himself (behave) like a slave. Woe to that country where kings are (mere) children. D. HAVAET. Tweede deel, Fol. 219= Second Volume, p. 219. Madoena Sureparkaas Eow Albestierder van het Golcondeze Eyk-MadannaSuryaprakas Eao, All-Governor (Eegent, Prime Minister etc.,) of the Golcondian Empire. 130 cB a p cd nsci S ns c3a c3 J3XX a P cSP o < DC tcc3 nO s ZX JS P o'5 H-Q C3□ K -Q'3 AN INSCRIPTION OP SAKA SAMVAT*1608. Hier Zietmen Madoena naar’t leven afgetekend, Die- van den eersten tyd Zyns lonkheyds afgerekend, Tot aan Zyndoodtoe was een speel-kindvant’ geluk.: Hy is van niet tot zoo een hoogen trap verheven; Dat zelf de Konink naar Zyn wenk heest moeten leven: Hy heest Zyn Eygen Heer (0 heylloos schellemsteek!) Van ampt, en staat gezet, ja alles derven wagen, Maar tragtende Zyn Vorst levren in de hand, Des vyands, raakte hy, toen’t uytquam aan een Kant, Door sidemaktas swaard, teynd moet de last tog dragem. (TEANSDATION). Here we see Madanna drawn to life, who was the play thing of fortune from the beginning of his. youth until his death. He has risen from nothing to such a high level that even the king must obey him. He has removed his own master from office and state (0 sacrilegious act of scoundrelism!) 131 SRI s'ankaraoharya m ath a inscriptions . / • Nay, he dared to do anything. But, while attempt ing to deliver his king into the hands of the enemy he was discovered and lost his life through Sidemakta’s sword. In the end, after ail the burden must be borne. D. HAVART. Tollantur in altum ut lapsu graviore ruant=Let them be borne on high that they may rush to their fall more heavily. Tweede deel, Fol. 220= Second Volume, p. 220. Akkana Opper-boekhouder en Generalissimus von het Golcondaze Leger=. Akkanna Upper-bookkeeper (senior Account ant) and Supreme General of the Golcondian Army. Alter idem=the second, the same. Hier Zietmen in het kTeyn de schets van Akkana. Een beest in menschen schyn: wiens loze boze streken, Wiens schelmery en trots: niet syn om uyt te spreken. GeOn grooter booswicht droeg de stad van Golconda. 132 AN INSOEIPTION OF SAKA SAMVAT 1608. ♦ Deelaghtig aan ‘tverraad zyns broers, nooit wel te vreden, Heest by de zelve straf op eenen tyt geleden. TEANSLATION. There we see in miniature, the portrait of Akkanna a beast in human form : whose cunning, wicked tricks, whose scoundrelism and pride, should not be uttered (spoken about). No greater villain did the town of Goloonda ever witness. Participa ting in the treason ©f his brother, he was never contented he suffered the same punishihent and at the same time as Madanna. D. HAVAET. Tweede deel, Fol. 222= Second Volume, p. 222. Madoena en Akkana. Twn gebroeders vermoort, en schandeluk ten tom Gestellt= Madanna and Akkanna. Two brothers murder ed and scandalously exhibited. TEXT 1 1 1. From inked impressions. 2, Bead 133 s'r T sa n k a r a c h Arya m ath a inscriptions . K- ?ft^%iiwfrr«T«iRfr^RT[?r]f«T.^. « r r ^ p t^ fn w ^ - V [^r]^ '9. C!?i[H]5^r1«TcTR®Hgf%?r5erR^nTr345BR^WJT- R to - ??. ['?j^^^r^<$^r?rwWff^n?rr f^f^[ %» . ?rqRqf^qirRr[^]2flq^q^^riq«qt^rRr«fi 3. Read ?rqi%^ 8 . Read 4. Read :^wr»TT 9. Read 10. Read 5. Read «I^»rrf^R' 11. Read 5fl%®f 134 Inscription of Saka'Samvat, 1608. 10 11 12 13 11 15 16 17 SCALE O. 5. T. A. G opinatha R ao . Half*Tone by Photo-Engraving Co., Madras. AN INSCRIPTION OP SAKA SAMVAT 1608. (9T0 SECOND SIDE. K S. %JT^[frr]ji^ ^0 . [^r]?i^ W R gjRi% ^ ^%q[3 q[r%]»T^- ftqrr ^ qjDOTR^^® \\. ^Tfi^ q s g ^ q?:qRR ^ ^ nrq[^]^ ^v. • 5 ^ qjisJTt^ ^ i % ^K \ 3?f^^ ^[3T]3if 3Tf^?TJTr- ^vs. 3 ^ %1% 5FRTRR f^I%fir5 II «(r r ii-sft [\ ^Rqr^jpTt^ ^ [?rr]|qr^’gqf^ ^RR^jmr- TR?rEi^ qq:^® ll R^=^[fi:]9 0 T goq q^f^®- 14. Bead 18. Read 'TlWq- 15. Read =#i% =53cT 'Tqqc 16. Read ^srorr^ 19. Read f gar goij- 17. Read =e^ 135 ^Rt ^ANEARAOHARYA MAJHA INSCRIPTIONS. ^ II II ABSTRACT OF CONTENTS.i ^ri Mahadeva Sarasvati, the disciple of §ri Chandrasekhara Sarasvati, who was an ornament of the world; who belonged to the ^arada matha, which is situated in the divine (city of) Kanchi, in which are the temples of Bkamranatha and KamakShi who is adored by the thirty-three crores of gods and of Hastigirinatha and Mahadevi; who was delighting the crowd of learned men with his nectar-like words, which was sweet as the honey that flows from the wreath of jasmine flowers which adorns the crown of Sarasvati; who was ever interested in the Advaita-vidya; who was charac terised by tranquility and self-control; who, having removed the thorns, namely, the heretic faiths, had established the religion of the Vedas and Vedanta; who was consecrated to the seat of the 'paramahamsa and 'parimajah^chatya, —(Mahadeva Sarasvati) granted a copper-plate deed to Hama ^astri, of the Hoysana Karnataka sect, belonging (l) The document is not wholly intelligible. 136 Insoriptiion of Saka Samvat, 1608. Ib SCALE O. 5. T. A, G opinatha R ao . Half-Tone by Pboto-Engraving Co., Madras. AN INSCBIPTION OP SAKA SAMVAT 1608; to the ASvalayana sutra and the Yamakayana- Visvamitra-gQtra, thereby granting an agrahara in Melupaka, the freehold village given to the svUmi by Akkanna and Madanna of Gblkopda, near Chahgalpattu; the boundaries of the agrahara are: on the south, the village of Melupaka, and on the north and the west, the lake. The lands be longing to the agrahara were to be irrigated (?) with the water flowing from the first channel (Jcannaru); two house-sites and an antiual grant of two varahas were given (to Rama ^astri ?); three mara (kals) per Tcalam ipi paddy etc.) for the Jcanukoyi and the dehamuTihi and some other in comes to the god Ohandramaulisvara (were ordered to be given ?) After this the name of the god, Sri Rama, is invoked and the record ends with the usual hlohas extolling the merits of gift and its protection and invoking the protection to the present grant of the god Chandramaulisvara. FBINIED AT THB LAW FBIMTINa BOUSB, MADBAS—1916- 00081765 00081765 Digitized with financial assistance from the Government of Maharashtra on 02 July, 2018