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Osteuropaforschung soFid - Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst 01/2008 Osteuropaforschung GESIS-IZ Bonn 2008 Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst soFid Osteuropaforschung Band 2008/1 bearbeitet von Natalija Schleinstein mit einem Beitrag von Carmen Schmidt GESIS-IZ Sozialwissenschaften Bonn 2008 ISSN: 0942-2498 Herausgeber GESIS-IZ Sozialwissenschaften, Bonn bearbeitet von: Natalija Schleinstein Programmierung: Udo Riege, Siegfried Schomisch Druck u. Vertrieb: GESIS-IZ Sozialwissenschaften Lennéstr. 30, 53113 Bonn, Tel.: (0228)2281-0 Printed in Germany Die Mittel für diese Veröffentlichung wurden im Rahmen der institutionellen Förderung der Ge- sellschaft Sozialwissenschaftlicher Infrastruktureinrichtungen e.V. (GESIS) vom Bund und den Ländern gemeinsam bereitgestellt. Das GESIS-IZ ist eine Abteilung der Gesellschaft Sozialwis- senschaftlicher Infrastruktureinrichtungen e.V. (GESIS). Die GESIS ist ein Institut der Leibniz- Gemeinschaft. © 2008 GESIS-IZ Sozialwissenschaften, Bonn. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Insbesondere ist die Überführung in maschinenlesbare Form sowie das Speichern in Informationssystemen, auch aus- zugsweise, nur mit schriftlicher Einwilligung des Herausgebers gestattet. Inhalt Vorwort .............................................................................................................................................7 Carmen Schmidt Die Ostrechtsforschung in Deutschland ............................................................................................9 Sachgebiete 1 Beziehungen zwischen Ost- und Westeuropa, einschließlich USA / europäische Integrationsprozesse........................................................................................................17 2 Allgemeine Aspekte der Transformation innerhalb der osteuropäischen Länder...........40 3 Russland / Gemeinschaft Unabhängiger Staaten 3.1 Internationale Beziehungen.............................................................................................71 3.2 Politische Transformation und ihre Folgen .....................................................................79 3.3 Geschichte.......................................................................................................................94 3.4 Wirtschaft / Recht..........................................................................................................104 3.5 Kunst / Kultur / Medien ................................................................................................110 3.6 Nationalitätenpolitik / Migration...................................................................................115 3.7 Verschiedenes ...............................................................................................................117 4 Balkanländer .................................................................................................................128 5 Baltische Länder............................................................................................................146 6 Polen..............................................................................................................................156 7 Rumänien ......................................................................................................................176 8 Tschechische Republik / Slowakische Republik...........................................................183 9 Ungarn...........................................................................................................................192 Register Hinweise zur Registerbenutzung...................................................................................................197 Personenregister ............................................................................................................................199 Sachregister...................................................................................................................................205 Institutionenregister.......................................................................................................................223 Anhang Hinweise zur Originalbeschaffung von Literatur..........................................................................229 Zur Benutzung der Forschungsnachweise.....................................................................................229 soFid Osteuropaforschung 2008/1 7 Vorwort Vorwort zum soFid „Osteuropaforschung“ Das GESIS-IZ bietet mit dem „Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fachinformationsdienst“ (soFid) zweimal jährlich aktuelle Informationen zu einer großen Zahl spezieller Themenstellungen an. Jeder soFid hat sein eigenes, meist pragmatisch festgelegtes Profil. Gewisse Überschneidungen sind deshalb nicht zu vermeiden. Quelle der im jeweiligen soFid enthaltenen Informationen sind die vom GESIS-IZ produzierten Datenbanken SOLIS (Sozialwissenschaftliches Literaturinformationssystem) sowie SOFIS (For- schungsinformationssystem Sozialwissenschaften - bisher FORIS). Die Datenbank SOLIS stützt sich vorwiegend auf deutschsprachige Veröffentlichungen, d.h. Zeit- schriftenaufsätze, Monographien, Beiträge in Sammelwerken sowie auf Graue Literatur in den zentralen sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen. In SOLIS ist bei einigen Hinweisen unter „Stand- ort“ eine Internet-Adresse eingetragen. Wenn Sie mit dieser Adresse im Internet suchen, finden Sie hier den vollständigen Text des Dokuments. Wesentliche Quellen zur Informationsgewinnung für SOFIS sind Erhebungen in den deutschspra- chigen Ländern bei Institutionen, die sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung betreiben. Der Fragebo- gen zur Meldung neuer Projekte steht permanent im Internet unter http://www.gesis.org/IZ zur Verfügung. Literaturhinweise sind durch ein "-L" nach der laufenden Nummer gekennzeichnet, Forschungs- nachweise durch ein "-F". Im Gegensatz zu Literaturhinweisen, die jeweils nur einmal gegeben werden, kann es vorkommen, dass ein Forschungsnachweis in mehreren aufeinander folgenden Diensten erscheint. Dies ist gerechtfertigt, weil Forschungsprojekte häufig ihren Zuschnitt verän- dern, sei es, dass das Projekt eingeengt, erweitert, auf ein anderes Thema verlagert oder ganz ab- gebrochen wird. Es handelt sich also bei einem erneuten Nachweis in jedem Falle um eine aktuali- sierte Fassung, die Rückschlüsse auf den Fortgang der Arbeiten an einem Projekt zulässt. * * * Der soFid „Osteuropaforschung“ ist eine regional ausgerichtete Sammlung von Forschungsprojek- ten und Literatur der Sozialwissenschaften. Er bietet dem Leser einen Überblick über das breite Spektrum des politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Wandels in den osteuropäischen Staaten. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln des soFid „Osteuropaforschung“ sind Nachweise zusammengestellt, in denen sich die gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen in Europa widerspiegeln. Darüber hinaus wird die Entwicklung der Ost-West-Beziehungen dokumentiert, wie sie sich in Europa, aber auch in der übrigen Welt zur Geltung bringt. Die historische Aufarbeitung der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Prozesse in der ehema- ligen Sowjetunion bzw. die Transformation in den heutigen GUS-Staaten stellt sich innerhalb der 8 soFid Osteuropaforschung 2008/1 Vorwort Osteuropaforschung als besonderer Schwerpunkt dar. Diese Tatsache findet auch in den Daten- banken SOFIS und SOLIS durch eine große Anzahl von Nachweisen ihren Niederschlag. Um dem Leser das Auffinden der Informationen in diesem soFid zu erleichtern, werden die Nach- weise dieser Ländergruppe nach inhaltlichen Schwerpunkten wie Internationale Beziehungen, Politische Transformation und ihre Folgen, Geschichte, Wirtschaft, Recht, Kultur sowie Nationali- tätenpolitik und Migration weiter untergegliedert. In den nachfolgenden Kapiteln werden die Nachweise alphabetisch nach Ländernamen bzw. - gruppen aufgelistet. In dieser Ausgabe des soFids veröffentlichen wir den Beitrag „Die Ostrechtsforschung in Deutsch- land". Er wurde verfasst von Dr. Carmen Schmidt, Institut für Ostrecht an der Rechtswissenschaft- lichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln. Wir bedanken uns für die gute Kooperation. Die Ostrechtsforschung in Deutschland Carmen Schmidt Einleitung Die Ostrechtsforschung in Deutschland kann heute auf eine relativ lange und wechselvolle Ge- schichte zurückblicken. Entstanden ist sie im Wesentlichen nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg als ein Zweig der allgemeinen Osteuropaforschung. Die revolutionären Umwälzungen in Russland, in deren Folge das zaristische Recht aufgehoben und zunächst allenfalls punktuell und rudimentär durch eine neue Ordnung ersetzt wurde, sowie die Folgen des Zerfalls des Russischen und des Habsburger Reichs brachten, warfen nicht nur allgemeinpolitische und Wirtschaftsprobleme auf, sondern rückten auch Rechtsfragen in den Vordergrund. Es entstanden erste Forschungseinrichtungen1 mit dem Schwer- punkt Recht; spezielle Fachzeitschriften2 informierten über die neue Ordnung Sowjetrusslands, spä- ter der UdSSR und die Rechtsordnung der nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in Nordost-, Ost- und Südost- europa neu entstandenen Staaten. Zusammen mit den im Zuge dieser Ereignisse aus Osteuropa emi- grierten Rechtswissenschaftlern standen dabei genügend Fachleute zur Verfügung, die über die er- forderlichen Rechts- und Sprachkenntnisse verfügten und der deutschen Ostrechtswissenschaft zu einer ersten Blüte verhalfen. Diese Periode fand indes spätestens mit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ein Ende, sofern Institutionen und Zeitschriften nicht bereits im Zuge des Machtantritts der Nationalso- zialisten wieder abgeschafft wurden. Schon bald nach Kriegsende
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