Executive Summary Uap Fieldwork, Pune 2017 Pune 2017
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY UAP FIELDWORK, PUNE 2017 PUNE 2017 Fieldwork in Pune, India – Fall 2017 AAR4525 - Urban Action Planning Department of Architecture and Planning Faculty of Architecture and Design FIELDWORK SUPERVISORS Marcin Sliwa Hilde Refstie Rolee Aranya Photo: Julianti Putri Setiawan This executive summary summarizes the outcome of identify opportunities and challenges in each of the one-semester fieldwork in Pune and Delhi (India), the areas, something that would be impossible to conducted by students at the Faculty of Architecture achieve by applying more traditional technocratic and Design at the Norwegian University of Science and purely quantitative planning methods. and Technology (NTNU) in collaboration with the School of Planning and Architecture (SPA) New A particular focus of this fieldwork was on issues Delhi. The fieldwork was part of a research project related to land, housing, water, sanitation and “Smart Sustainable City Regions in India” (SSCRI) livelihoods. Students were also tasked to put financed by the Norwegian Centre for International their areas and proposals in the perspective of Cooperation in Education (SIU). The fieldwork is an the Smart Cities Mission, which is the largest PR EFACE integral part of the 2-year International Master of urban development fund and initiative currently Science Program in Urban Ecological Planning (UEP) implemented by the Government of India. at NTNU established in 1997. Similar fieldtrips have Marcin Sliwa been undertaken previously in Nepal, Uganda and The outcome of the student projects has been Hilde Refstie India. described in more details in three reports (each Rolee Aranya corresponding to one study area). Hard copies The 22 NTNU students participating in the 2017 of these reports are available at the Faculty of Fieldwork Supervisors fieldwork have been divided into six smaller groups Architecture and Design at NTNU, while digital Department of Architecture and Planning and were given the task to focus their further files can be download from the Urban Ecological NTNU investigation on three different settlements in central Planning page at the NTNU website. Pune. In their project work, they practiced what we call the “Urban Ecological Planning” approach, which We would like to give our special thanks to our focuses on integrated area-based (as opposed to project partners: the Norwegian Centre for sectorial) situation analysis and proposal making International Cooperation in Education (SIU), using participatory and strategic planning methods. faculty and students at the SPA New Delhi as well By spending one month in the assigned areas as the Dept. of Town Planning at the College of and engaging with local communities as well as Engineering, Pune (COEP), the Maharashtra Social relevant stakeholders, students gained an in-depth Housing and Action League (MASHAL) and the understanding of the local context, which allowed Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage them to discover strengths and weaknesses and (INTACH) Pune Chapter. 4 Photo: Marcin Sliwa INDEX PREFACE 4 INDEX 7 INTRODUCTION 8 SHIROLE VASTI GROUP 1 & 2 12 KASBA PETH GROUP 3 & 4 18 Group 3 19 Group 4 22 RAVIWAR PETH GROUP 5 & 6 26 Group 5 27 Group 6 30 CONCLUSION & REFLECTION 33 Conclusion 34 Reflection 35 UAP STUDENTS 36 6 Photo: Cinthia Stecchini INTRODUCTION With a population of over 5 million inhabitants, Pune of the East”. The employment and education Metropolitan Region is the eighth largest in India opportunities in Pune attract migrants from all states and second largest in the state of Maharashtra, of India, putting enormous pressure on land and after Mumbai (approx. 20 million). Similarly to most infrastructure. other cities in the region, Pune experiences an unprecedented rate of growth: it is expected that In order to facilitate a more planned development the city’s population will double by 2030. Despite of the city, stimulate economic growth and ensure its proximity to Mumbai, which is considered India’s high quality of life of the growing population, financial capital, Pune developed a strong local Pune has been chosen by the Indian federal economy, based primarily on the automobile industry government as one of the main cities to receive and a strong information technology (IT) sector. funds through the Smart Cities Mission. This Pune is also a hub for plentiful higher education initiative provides direct financing to local and Photo: Marcin Sliwa institutions, which gave the city a nickname “Oxford city-wide infrastructure and construction projects, documenting and mapping slums in Pune was made Nonetheless, Pune is not only about the new such as water, sanitation, power supply, solid waste by a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) industry, IT districts, universities and slums. The city INDIA: management, transportation, mobility, digitalization MASHAL. According to the information published –and particularly its central area– has a rich cultural and technology solutions, security and safety, by MASHAL in the “Pune Slum Atlas”, in 2011 there history reflected in extraordinary tangible and affordable housing, etc. However, as we have seen were 477 slums in the city of different sizes, ranging intangible heritage worth preserving. This heritage during the fieldwork, projects financed from the from under 20 to over 2,500 building structures. resulted from the convergence of influences from Smart City Mission initiative are concentrated in These slums are also very different in terms of land different nations, religions and traditions that at the peripheral and more affluent areas of the Pune ownership situation (public and private), legal status some point of history came to Pune, not only from Metropolitan Region, which further contributes to (declared and undeclared) and location in the other parts of the Indian sub-continent, but also increasing socio-spatial inequalities. city (central and peripheral). The Pune Municipal from the British Empire, which ruled over India Corporation (PMC), which is responsible for for almost 100 years. The narrow streets lined up It is estimated that close to 45% of Pune’s population spatial planning in the city, attempts to deal with with decorated traditional buildings called Wadas, lives in slums, that is to say, settlements which suffer the slum problem by redeveloping slums through which are typical to the historic centre of Pune, from overcrowding, unsanitary living conditions, Maharashtra: a scheme established by the Slum Rehabilitation where many families are still engaged in traditional lack of access to basic services such as water Mumbai: Authority (SRA), but the rate of growth of informal crafts and professions, as well as other architectural and sanitation, exposure to flooding and other Pune: settlements is much higher than the progress of slum wonders such as forts and temples, provide a sharp natural hazards, lack of security of tenure, or a redevelopment, resulting in a steady increase of contrast the newly developed areas, where the combination of these. A big contribution towards population living in slum-like conditions. urban landscape is dominated by wide streets 8 9 (engineered to facilitate the movement of cars) somehow forgotten or left out of the official planning as well as monotonous high-rise buildings housing framework, which gave us an impression that they Kasba an anonymous crowd of the newly emerged are “frozen in time”. Pet h middle-class. Preservation of the cultural and built Shirole heritage is a complex and challenging task, primarily Our work focused on documenting the complexity Vasti due to a combination of such issues as unsupportive of the current situation in these areas, taking into policy frameworks, development pressures and the consideration the strengths and weaknesses of the processes of socio-economic transformation of the social, human, physical and financial capitals. Based city. INTACH Pune Chapter, with whom we had a on the analysis of the identified issues, we proposed pleasure to cooperate, is one of the organizations a number of realistic solutions and interventions which attempts to save and cultivate this heritage that would represent alternative approaches to for the benefit of the current and future generations development, or compromises between the often of people living in the city. conflicting interests of the different stakeholders Raviwar involved in the process. Pet h Our further in-depth analysis focused on three selected settlements in central Pune: one being a notified slum known as Shirole Vasti and two Group 1: being old-city residential and marketplace areas: Group 2: Kasba Peth and Raviwar Peth. Each of the areas Group 3: were assigned two student groups. Due to their Group 4: larger sizes, Kasba Peth and Raviwar Peth have Group 5: been further subdivided into two smaller areas. In Group 6: all the studied settlements, interesting dynamics of formalizing-informal and informalizing-formal can be observed. Because of their prime location, they are attractive for private investors who are willing to redevelop them –in parts or entirely– which will likely result in a drastic change in their character and living conditions. At the same time, we discovered small pockets of settlement in between that seem 10 0 200 400 600 800 1000m SHIROLE VASTI INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY Shirole Vasti slum is located on Shirole Road in the Vijay Shirole Deccan Gymkhana area of Pune. It started as a mi- grant settlement in the early 1940s. It is named af- PMC ter the wealthy Shirole family, who owned the plot Sudhil Mandke where the occupation was initiated. It was declared PMC a slum in 1984, and is currently comprised of 283 Sudhil Mandke structures, 250 families, and 1400 residents with a Kedar assciates (previously density of 510 people per ha. Khone Patil) SHIROLE VASTI Sudhil Mandke METHODOLOGY GROUP 1 & 2 Over a period of one month, we visited the area in order to understand the livelihood strategies. We did participatory activities with the assistance of Hindi and Marathi interpreters. We also gathered information from lectures with specialists and intervi- GH Patil Path ews with stakeholders.