IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 Version

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 Version International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version 1 International Wastewater Services Flushability Group 2 IWSFG Part 3C: 2017 – Disintegration Test Methods – Flask and Shaker Table 3 Copyright 2017 4 PUBLIC COMMENT VERSION 5 Copyright Notice 6 This document is copyright‐protected by the International Wastewater Services Flushability Group. 7 While the reproduction of working drafts in any form for use by participants in the standards 8 development process is permitted without prior permission, neither this document nor any extract from 9 it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written 10 permission from the IWSFG. 11 Once finalized, the IWSFG will permit the downloading and use of the documents without charge for 12 the purposes of determining whether a product is likely to be considered flushable and to be so 13 identified. 14 Forward The International Wastewater Services Flushability Group (IWSFG) is a worldwide coalition of national and regional wastewater services’ associations and organizations and individual wastewater services. The work of preparing the standards is carried out by various drafting groups comprising volunteers designated by the principal and the supporting participants of the group. They participate on a voluntary basis, without remuneration of any kind. The criteria for flushability and the test methods are the product of a global consensus of the coalition members and reflect the hydraulic, mechanical and environmental conditions of drain lines, various onsite treatment wastewater collection and treatment systems as well as those of the receiving waters for treatment plant effluents. The task of the group was to prepare standards reflecting the above purpose. Wastewater services are organizations acting for the public good as a public service. The group expects manufacturers and distributers of their products to act in a socially responsible and environmentally sustainable manner by adhering to the established standards. A i id h ibili h fh l fhid b h bj 15 Copyright 2017 IWSFG Page 1 of 21 International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version 16 17 Contents 18 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 4 19 2. Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 4 20 3. Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 21 4. References ............................................................................................................................................ 5 22 4.1 Normative References .................................................................................................................. 5 23 4.2 Informative Reference or Relevant Annexes ................................................................................ 5 24 5. Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 5 25 5.1 Unit dose – dry tissues ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 26 5.2 Unit Size – toilet paper ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 27 5.3 Unit Size – moist tissues ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 28 5.4 Unit Size – other products ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 29 6. Principles ............................................................................................................................................... 5 30 7. Apparatus ............................................................................................................................................. 5 31 8. Preparation ........................................................................................................................................... 6 32 8.1 Sample Acquisition ........................................................................................................................ 6 33 8.2 Number of Test Pieces .................................................................................................................. 6 34 8.3 Sample Preparation ...................................................................................................................... 6 35 8.3.1 Dry tissues: ............................................................................................................................ 6 36 8.3.2 Moist Tissues: ........................................................................................................................ 7 37 8.3.3 Other Products ...................................................................................................................... 7 38 8.4 Apparatus Preparation .................................................................................................................. 7 39 9. Storage and Conditioning ..................................................................................................................... 7 40 9.1 Storage of Samples ....................................................................................................................... 7 41 9.2 Conditioning for the Test .............................................................................................................. 8 42 10. Procedure .......................................................................................................................................... 8 43 10.1 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 8 44 10.2 Test procedure .............................................................................................................................. 8 45 10.3 Test Termination ........................................................................................................................... 9 46 10.4 Test Results ................................................................................................................................... 9 47 10.5 Calculations ................................................................................................................................... 9 Copyright 2017 IWSFG Page 2 of 21 International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version 48 11. Acceptance Criteria ......................................................................................................................... 10 49 12. Test Report ...................................................................................................................................... 10 50 13. Precision .......................................................................................................................................... 11 51 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 11 52 Annex 1– Sources of Apparatus .................................................................................................................. 11 53 Annex 2 ‐ Test Report Template ................................................................................................................. 15 54 Annex 3 ‐ Procedure for Pre‐rinsing Test Products for Determining Initial Dry Mass ................................ 16 55 A.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 16 56 A.3.2 Test Product Selection ............................................................................................................ 16 57 A.3.4 Toilet and Drain Line Method ................................................................................................. 16 58 A.3.4.1 Equipment ........................................................................................................................... 16 59 A.3.4.2 Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 17 60 A.3.5 Alternative Method ................................................................................................................ 17 61 A.3.5.1 Equipment ........................................................................................................................... 17 62 A.3.5.2 Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 17 63 Annex 4 ‐ Sieving and Recovery of Product Residues ................................................................................. 18 64 A.4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 18 65 A.4.2 Equipment ............................................................................................................................... 18 66 A.4.3 Procedure
Recommended publications
  • PP003: Large Scale Growth of M. Tuberculosis
    SOP: PP003.2 Modified: 6/10/2010 Large-scale growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Materials and Reagents: 1. Biosafety cabinet (BSC) 2. Three 100 ml frozen stocks of M. tuberculosis (see SOP PP002) 3. Eight 2.8 L glass fernbach flasks containing 900 ml sterile GAS medium, capped with cotton and cheesecloth plugs wrapped in aluminum foil 4. Orbital platform shaker 5. Four 50 ml disposable pipets 6. Electric pipetter 7. Bunsen burner 8. Pipet boat 9. 10% Lysol I. C. solution 10. Autoclave 11. Forty 1 liter rollerbottles containing 400 ml sterile GAS medium 12. Two 25 ml disposable pipets 13. Rollerbottle apparatus 14. Rubbermaid transport cart 15. Vacuum pump 16. Five 4 liter Winchester bottles, sterile 17. Five 0.2 um Zap Cap S plus bottle filtration units 18. 225 ml Falcon centrifuge bottle 19. 225 ml centrifuge bottle rack 20. Harvard trip balance 21. Sorvall benchtop centrifuge 22. Sorvall benchtop centrifuge rotor, containing 225 ml centrifuge bottle hanging buckets 23. Sterile Milli-Q water 24. 4oC cold room (BHRB Molecular Biology room 101) 25. –80oC freezer (option, note 17) Upscale protocol: (note 1) 1. _____ Inside a biosafety cabinet in a BSL-3 facility, thaw three “100 ml” stocks of M. tuberculosis. 2. _____ Carefully pour the contents of one stock into one 2.8 L fernbach flask containing GAS medium. 3. _____ Flame opening and aseptically replace foil and cotton plug in mouth of the fernbach flask. 4. _____ Repeat for two remaining “100 ml” stocks. 5. _____ Place the inoculated fernbach flasks on an orbital platform shaker at 37oC for two weeks (notes 2 and 3).
    [Show full text]
  • 7. Heating and Cooling Technology Contents
    GENERAL CATALOGUE EDITION 18 7. Heating and cooling technology Contents Cooling 730 Refrigerators and Freezers ex protected 730 Refrigerators and Freezers 733 Low and Ultra low temperature freezers 737 Ice machines 744 Cryogenic tubes 746 Cryogenic boxes 749 Cryogenic racks 756 Cryogenic accessories 757 Transport boxes 759 Dewar flasks 760 Cryogenic storage tanks 763 Liquid nitrogen-Accessories 766 Temperature regulators 767 Heating-Thermostats 767 Cooling-Thermostats 779 Circulator baths 787 Dynamic Temperature Control Systems 791 Temperature Control Accessories 794 Heating 798 Water baths 798 Shaking water baths 805 Heating baths 810 Microwaves 814 Universal, Heating and Drying incubators 815 Vacuum drying incubators 819 Incubators 821 Cooling incubators 825 CO2-Incubators 829 Shaking incubators 833 Test incubators 847 Ovens, Furnaces 854 Hotplates 858 Incubation hoods 863 Temperature controllers, thermostats 868 729 www.wenk-labtec.com 7. Heating and cooling technology GENERAL CATALOGUE EDITION 18 Cooling/Refrigerators and Freezers ex protected 1 Spark-free laboratory refrigerators The BGR 120 laboratory guidelines state that interiors of refrigerators in which AQUALYTIC dangerous, explosive atmospheres can develop, must be spark-free. Such explosive atmospheres can be created by stored flammable liquids, for example. The laboratory refrigerators by Aqualytic® meet these requirements. The interiors are free from sparking sources and are therefore explosion-proof. With glass shelves. Variable temperature control from +2°C to +10°C. Temperature is continuously controlled by thermostat. Capacity External Internal Weight Power Temp. PK Cat. No. dimensions dimensions range (W x D x H) (W x D x H) LmmmmkgW°C 150 602 x 600 x 885 515 x 443 x 700 37.00 120 +2 ..
    [Show full text]
  • Structural and Functional Studies of Membrane Remodeling Machines
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE HHS Public Access provided by CDC Stacks Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Methods Manuscript Author Cell Biol. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 August 13. Published in final edited form as: Methods Cell Biol. 2015 ; 128: 165–200. doi:10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.02.007. Structural and Functional Studies of Membrane Remodeling Machines Raghav Kalia#1,2, Nathaniel Talledge#1,2, and Adam Frost1,2 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 2Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 # These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract Building cells from their component parts will hinge upon our ability to reconstitute biochemical compartmentalization and exchange between membrane-delimited organelles. By contrast with our understanding of other cellular events, the mechanisms that govern membrane trafficking has lagged because the presence of phospholipid bilayers complicates the use of standard methods. This chapter describes in vitro methods for purifying, reconstituting and visualizing membrane remodeling activities directly by electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM). Keywords Membrane remodeling; electron cryomicroscopy; cryoEM; endocytosis; mitochondria; dynamin; endophilin; bilayer; lipid-binding Introduction to membrane remodeling Chemical compartmentalization was as critical in the evolution of life as was the realization of self-replicating molecules. Robert Hooke’s use of the metaphorical “cell” draws our attention to the inhabitants of the “small rooms” he observed with his microscope; but also to the walls that outline a room, distinguish it from its neighbors, and that segregate inside from outside activities (1).
    [Show full text]
  • New Brunswick Shakers Eppendorf and New Brunswick
    Eppendorf is your source for New Brunswick products New Brunswick Shakers Eppendorf and New Brunswick “In Touch with Life” Gets “A Culture of Innovation” New Brunswick’s world renowned Shakers, CO2 Incubators, Energy-efficient –86 °C ULT freezers are available in upright ULT Freezers and Fermentors/Bioreactors are now sold or chest configurations and feature two model ranges and through Eppendorf North America, in the US and Canada. 12 different sizes. Innova series freezers utilize space-saving vacuum insulation panels for increased internal capacity with The New Brunswick product line perfectly complements the a small footprint and Excella series utilize traditional insulation. Eppendorf product range of liquid handling, centrifugation, PCR, A standard feature found on all New Brunswick freezers is the sample prep, detection and cell biology instrumentation and built-in heated vent port to release vacuum after the door is shut consumables. to gain easy access to samples. New Brunswick Shakers With 3 product lines to choose from, Innova, I-Series or Excella series, there’s a shaker suited to your exact needs and budget. The world famous, reliable, triple-eccentric drive mechanism with cast iron top plate, found in the Innova and I-series, provides decades worth of durability. Shakers sold in the 1950’s are still going strong today. Every New Brunswick shaker drive is individually CAM’d for precise tolerances and dependability for years of trouble free service. State-of-the-art bioreactors and fermentors handle volumes from scale-up 1L, all the way up to 3000 L. Configurations are available with single-use vessels, autoclavable vessels, up to sterilize in place (SIP) systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Supplies and Equipment
    Laboratory Supplies and Equipment Beakers: 9 - 12 • Beakers with Handles • Printed Square Ratio Beakers • Griffin Style Molded Beakers • Tapered PP, PMP & PTFE Beakers • Heatable PTFE Beakers Bottles: 17 - 32 • Plastic Laboratory Bottles • Rectangular & Square Bottles Heatable PTFE Beakers Page 12 • Tamper Evident Plastic Bottles • Concertina Collapsible Bottle • Plastic Dispensing Bottles NEW Straight-Side Containers • Plastic Wash Bottles PETE with White PP Closures • PTFE Bottle Pourers Page 39 Containers: 38 - 42 • Screw Cap Plastic Jars & Containers • Snap Cap Plastic Jars & Containers • Hinged Lid Plastic Containers • Dispensing Plastic Containers • Graduated Plastic Containers • Disposable Plastic Containers Cylinders: 45 - 48 • Clear Plastic Cylinder, PMP • Translucent Plastic Cylinder, PP • Short Form Plastic Cylinder, PP • Four Liter Plastic Cylinder, PP NEW Polycarbonate Graduated Bottles with PP Closures Page 21 • Certified Plastic Cylinder, PMP • Hydrometer Jar, PP • Conical Shape Plastic Cylinder, PP Disposal Boxes: 54 - 55 • Bio-bin Waste Disposal Containers • Glass Disposal Boxes • Burn-upTM Bins • Plastic Recycling Boxes • Non-Hazardous Disposal Boxes Printed Cylinders Page 47 Drying Racks: 55 - 56 • Kartell Plastic Drying Rack, High Impact PS • Dynalon Mega-Peg Plastic Drying Rack • Azlon Epoxy Coated Drying Rack • Plastic Draining Baskets • Custom Size Drying Racks Available Burn-upTM Bins Page 54 Dynalon® Labware Table of Contents and Introduction ® Dynalon Labware, a leading wholesaler of plastic lab supplies throughout
    [Show full text]
  • Growth in Motion
    Growth in Motion The next evolution in biological shakers – the Innova® S44i 2 Innova® S44i »Make your cells shine in the newest Innova shaker from Eppendorf. The Innova S44i combines the reliable performance of Innova shakers with the latest precision engineering from Eppendorf.« Innova® S44i 3 »The future is what you make it – Eppendorf makes it reliable.« Eppendorf has helped scientists achieve better results for over 70 years. Now, we want to move your lab forward by moving shaker technology forward; we want to grow your lab by growing better cultures. Eppendorf has been a trusted partner to the life science community, and the new Innova S44i Biological Shaker is the next great addition to our renowned portfolio of life science solutions. Expand the potential of your lab and reap the benefits of the exceptional performance and reliability that come with every Eppendorf product. Reliable shaking Exceeding demands Exceptionally convenient > The new Eppendorf X-Drive > Highest fl ask capacity in a > Optimize your space with provides smooth and uniform smaller footprint – grow more double- and triple-stacked agitation cells in less space confi gurations > Intelligent counterbalance > Ethernet connectivity for easy > Easily reach all your samples mechanism for vibration-free integration with building alarm using the slide-out platform motion and longevity systems or monitoring software > Glide-up door for convenient > Equally robust for shaking heavy > Intuitive touchscreen with user and eff ortless access and uneven loads management capabilities
    [Show full text]
  • I. Designing Brighter Fluorophores: a Computational and Spectroscopic Approach to Predicting Photophysical Properties of Hydrazone-Based Dyes Ii
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM Graduate College Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 2017 I. Designing Brighter Fluorophores: A Computational And Spectroscopic Approach To Predicting Photophysical Properties Of Hydrazone-Based Dyes Ii. Developing Spectroscopic Methods To Better Understand The Cofactors Of Metalloproteins Morgan Cousins University of Vermont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Cousins, Morgan, "I. Designing Brighter Fluorophores: A Computational And Spectroscopic Approach To Predicting Photophysical Properties Of Hydrazone-Based Dyes Ii. Developing Spectroscopic Methods To Better Understand The ofaC ctors Of Metalloproteins" (2017). Graduate College Dissertations and Theses. 787. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/787 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate College Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I. DESIGNING BRIGHTER FLUOROPHORES: A COMPUTATIONAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC APPROACH TO PREDICTING PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDRAZONE-BASED DYES II. DEVELOPING SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE COFACTORS OF METALLOPROTEINS A Dissertation Presented by Morgan E. Cousins to The Faculty of the Graduate College of The University of Vermont In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Specializing in Chemistry October, 2017 Defense Date: August 7, 2017 Dissertation Examination Committee: Matthew D. Liptak, Ph.D., Advisor Adrian Del Maestro, Ph.D., Chairperson Rory Waterman, Ph.D. Matthias Brewer, Ph.D. Cynthia J. Forehand, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College ABSTRACT Luminogens are molecules that emit light upon exposure to high-energy light, and fluorophores are one class of luminogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Maxq Shakers
    Thermo Scientific MaxQ Shakers Reliability. Simplicity. Flexibility. Thermo Scientific MaxQ Shaker Product Selector Guide MaxQ 2000 MaxQ 3000 MaxQ 4450 MaxQ 4000 Model Incubated temperatures in Spacious chamber holds Choice of 3 platform sizes Choice of 2 platform sizes a compact footprint 6 x 2L flasks Benchtop, floor or stackable Benchtop Benchtop Benchtop Benchtop Motion Orbital Orbital Orbital Orbital 18 x 18 24 x 18 13 x 11 30 x 18 36 x 24 13 x 11 18 x 18 Platform size inches (cm) (45.7 x (60.9 x (33 x 28) (76 x 45.7) (91 x 60.9) (33 x 28) (45.7 x 45.7) 45.7) 45.7)1 250 ml flask capacity dedicated* platform 12 25 N/A 40 70 10 25 250 ml flask capacity universal* platform 9 16 24 24 40 9 16 Maximum capacity largest flask on a Platform 1 x 6L 2 x 6L 3 x 6L 3 x 6L 6 x 6L 4 x 1L 6 x 2L Orbit diameter reciprocating 0.75 1.0 0.75 0.75 Motion Inches (cm) (1.9) (2.54) (1.9) (1.9) MaxQ Orbital Shakers RPM range Digital: 15–500 Digital: 15–500 Digital: 15–500 Digital: 15–500 Temperature range °C TA +10°C TA +10°C TA -15°C N/A N/A TA +5°C to 80°C (TA=ambient temperature) to 60°C to 80°C to 60°C 35 50 35 50 Maximum load lb. (kg) (15.9) (22.7) (15.9) (22.7) Refrigeration • Gassing manifold • Page 8–10 8–10 13–14 15–16 *See page 7 for a complete description of platform types 1Universal platform only; 2Fixed reciprocating stroke length and orbital motion; 3Adjustable reciprocating stroke length: 4Achievable maximum speeds may be dependent on load 1 MaxQ 5000 MaxQ 6000 MaxQ 8000 MaxQ 7000 Model Maximum flexibility, Large capacity applications Stackable,
    [Show full text]
  • Polypropylene
    CELLTREAT® Scientific Products is dedicated to manufacturing unique, high-quality laboratory plastic consumables at significant savings compared to alternative brands. User-friendly features are incorporated into the CELLTREAT product line to improve research efficiency with easier handling and outstanding performance. We provide high levels of personalized service and regularly challenge everything we do to improve and exceed customer expectations. Experience the CELLTREAT difference. CELLTREAT Table of Contents Accessories (Bag Cutter & Timer) .............................. 9 Flasks, Erlenmeyer - PETG ......................................... 43 Beakers ...................................................................... 9 Flasks, Erlenmeyer & Fernbach - Polycarbonate ....... 42 Bio-reaction Tubes .................................................... 19 Flasks, Non-Treated Suspension Culture ................... 29 Vent Control Labels .......................................... 19 Flasks, Tissue Culture Treated ................................... 28 Bottles, Centrifuge .................................................. 21 Flasks, Caps Only ....................................................... 29 Bottles, Media ........................................................... 44 Glass Fiber Filter Disks .............................................. 45 Bottles, Roller ........................................................... 41 Lab Grab Multi-Use Extension Grabber .................... 37 Bottles, Solution .....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CELLTREAT Cell and Tissue Culture Labware
    Table of Contents Table of Contents Tissue and Suspension Culture Flasks .................................................. 1 Flask Caps and Cell Strainers ............................................................... 2 Tissue Culture Dishes ............................................................................. 3 Multiwell Plates, Treated and Non-Treated .....................................4-5 Chambered Cell Culture Slides ........................................................... 6 Bio-reaction Tubes .............................................................................6-7 Fernbach and Erlenmeyer Culture Flasks ........................................... 8 Roller Bottles and Square Media Bottles ............................................ 9 Cell Scrapers and Lifters ..................................................................... 10 Vacuum Filter Systems ........................................................................ 11 Solution Bottles .................................................................................... 11 Filter Adapters & Centrifuge Tube Filters .......................................... 12 Syringe Filters ........................................................................................ 13 Petri-Dishes ........................................................................................... 14 Inoculating Loops, Needles and Cell Spreaders ............................. 15 Pipets and Reagent Reservoirs .....................................................16-21 Centrifuge Tubes
    [Show full text]
  • Innova® Laboratory Shakers
    Biological Shakers Innova® Laboratory Shakers Incubated, Refrigerated, Open Air and Water Bath Models for All Your Culture Needs Quality, Reliability & Convenience Innova® Shakers — The Lab Standard for Cell Growth in Shake Flasks and Tubes For over 60 years, New Brunswick Shakers have been L Numerous safety features protect you, your cultures synonymous with quality construction and long-term and your shaker durability. They have been used in more labs the world L Each shaker is individually inspected and over than any other shaker, and Innova shakers, our performance tested to ensure it meets our stringent top-of-the line models, continue to be the market specifi cations leaders. Here are just a few of the many reasons why: L Our comprehensive warranty covers parts and labor for the entire machine — backed by a support L Innovative design and unparalleled fabrication organization known for top-rated customer care provide worry-free operation, often over decades of L We offer the largest selection of shakers in the continuous use. industry to meet a diverse range of culture and L “Set it and forget it” programming in our incubated molecular biology requirements models enables you to store and recall multi- step, multiple parameter programs for unmatched convenience, automated operation and reproducible results Innova 40 Incubator Shakers & Innova 42 Incubator Shakers & Innova 43 Incubator Shakers & Innova 44 Incubator Shakers & 40R with added Refrigeration 42R with added Refrigeration 43R with added Refrigeration 44R with added Refrigeration Maximum fl ask size: 3 L Maximum fl ask size: 6 L Maximum fl ask size: 6 L Maximum fl ask size: 5 L Orbit: 1.9 or 2.54 cm (0.75 or 1 in) Orbit: 1.9 or 2.54 cm (0.75 or 1 in) Orbit: 2.5 or 5.1 cm (1 or 2 in) Orbit: 2.5 or 5.1 cm (1 or 2 in) For benchtop use On or under bench; double Console model for large capacity Large-capacity, triple-stackable stackable on the fl oor.
    [Show full text]
  • An Antibiotic Discovery Campaign Targeting Virf, the Main Transcriptional Regulator of Virulence in Shigella Flexneri
    An Antibiotic Discovery Campaign Targeting VirF, the Main Transcriptional Regulator of Virulence in Shigella flexneri By Anthony A. Emanuele A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Medicinal Chemistry) in the University of Michigan 2016 Doctoral Committee: Professor George A. Garcia, Chair Professor Gordon L. Amidon Professor Anna K. Mapp Professor Hollis D. Showalter Professor Ronald W. Woodard A piece of advice that helped me through my last year of graduate school: No amount of regret can change the past, and no amount of anxiety can change the future © Anthony A. Emanuele 2015 For my biggest fan, My Mother (who is more excited than I am about my graduation) ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would not be where I am today without the support of a lot of people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. George Garcia. I cannot thank you enough for all you have done for me over the years. You allowed a young undergraduate student, who had no idea how to do anything, into your lab and gave him a chance to prove himself. Throughout my time in your lab, you have provided me guidance, in science and in life, and have taught what it means to be a good scientist. I could not have asked for a better mentor, thank you for everything. I’d also like to thank the members of my committee for all the advice and support they provided me during the course of my dissertation research: Dr. Hollis Showalter, Dr. Ronald Woodard, Dr.
    [Show full text]