IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 Version

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

1 International Wastewater Services Flushability Group

2 IWSFG Part 3C: 2017 – Disintegration Test Methods – Flask and Shaker Table

4 PUBLIC COMMENT VERSION

5 Copyright Notice

6 This document is copyright‐protected by the International Wastewater Services Flushability Group. 7 While the reproduction of working drafts in any form for use by participants in the standards 8 development process is permitted without prior permission, neither this document nor any extract from 9 it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written 10 permission from the IWSFG.

11 Once finalized, the IWSFG will permit the downloading and use of the documents without charge for 12 the purposes of determining whether a product is likely to be considered flushable and to be so 13 identified. 14

Forward

The International Wastewater Services Flushability Group (IWSFG) is a worldwide coalition of national and regional wastewater services’ associations and organizations and individual wastewater services.

The work of preparing the standards is carried out by various drafting groups comprising volunteers designated by the principal and the supporting participants of the group. They participate on a voluntary basis, without remuneration of any kind.

The criteria for flushability and the test methods are the product of a global consensus of the coalition members and reflect the hydraulic, mechanical and environmental conditions of drain lines, various onsite treatment wastewater collection and treatment systems as well as those of the receiving waters for treatment plant effluents.

The task of the group was to prepare standards reflecting the above purpose.

Wastewater services are organizations acting for the public good as a public service. The group expects manufacturers and distributers of their products to act in a socially responsible and environmentally sustainable manner by adhering to the established standards.

A i id h ibili h fh l fhid b h bj 15

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

17 Contents 18 1. Introduction ...... 4 19 2. Purpose ...... 4 20 3. Scope ...... 4 21 4. References ...... 5 22 4.1 Normative References ...... 5 23 4.2 Informative Reference or Relevant Annexes ...... 5 24 5. Terms and Definitions ...... 5 25 5.1 Unit dose – dry tissues ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 26 5.2 Unit Size – toilet paper ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 27 5.3 Unit Size – moist tissues ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 28 5.4 Unit Size – other products ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 29 6. Principles ...... 5 30 7. Apparatus ...... 5 31 8. Preparation ...... 6 32 8.1 Sample Acquisition ...... 6 33 8.2 Number of Test Pieces ...... 6 34 8.3 Sample Preparation ...... 6 35 8.3.1 Dry tissues: ...... 6 36 8.3.2 Moist Tissues: ...... 7 37 8.3.3 Other Products ...... 7 38 8.4 Apparatus Preparation ...... 7 39 9. Storage and Conditioning ...... 7 40 9.1 Storage of Samples ...... 7 41 9.2 Conditioning for the Test ...... 8 42 10. Procedure ...... 8 43 10.1 Summary ...... 8 44 10.2 Test procedure ...... 8 45 10.3 Test Termination ...... 9 46 10.4 Test Results ...... 9 47 10.5 Calculations ...... 9

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

48 11. Acceptance Criteria ...... 10 49 12. Test Report ...... 10 50 13. Precision ...... 11 51 Bibliography ...... 11 52 Annex 1– Sources of Apparatus ...... 11 53 Annex 2 ‐ Test Report Template ...... 15 54 Annex 3 ‐ Procedure for Pre‐rinsing Test Products for Determining Initial Dry Mass ...... 16 55 A.3.1 Introduction ...... 16 56 A.3.2 Test Product Selection ...... 16 57 A.3.4 Toilet and Drain Line Method ...... 16 58 A.3.4.1 Equipment ...... 16 59 A.3.4.2 Procedure ...... 17 60 A.3.5 Alternative Method ...... 17 61 A.3.5.1 Equipment ...... 17 62 A.3.5.2 Procedure ...... 17 63 Annex 4 ‐ Sieving and Recovery of Product Residues ...... 18 64 A.4.1 Introduction ...... 18 65 A.4.2 Equipment ...... 18 66 A.4.3 Procedure ...... 19 67 Annex 5 – Drying and Weighing of Products and Product Residues ...... 20 68 A.5.1 Equipment ...... 20 69 A.5.2 Procedure ...... 20 70 A.5.2.1 Loss of Mass Calculation Procedure ...... 20 71 A.5.3.2 Initial Dry Mass Calculation Procedure ...... 20 72 A.5.4 Example of a Loss of Mass Calculation Worksheet ...... 21 73 74

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

75 1 Introduction 76 Wastewater process systems are designed to receive, treat, and convey sanitary discharges1 that, after 77 treatment, are subsequently disposed of as: 78 a. liquid effluents to the aquatic environments of the lakes, rivers, and oceans 79 b. solid residuals (biosolids) through applications to land for their inherent nutrient values 80 c. solids residuals incinerated or anaerobically digested for energy recovery 81 d. solid residuals sent to a landfill site 82 Typical waste streams include toilet paper, human waste, food waste, detergents and cleaning agents. In 83 recent years, new products such as moist wipes and toilet bowl cleaning products have been introduced 84 worldwide ‐ many of these are identified as “flushable” products. Other products such as tampons, and 85 condoms, facial tissue are commonly and inappropriately flushed. Moreover, the physically adverse 86 effects of the introduction of such products on wastewater systems have not been studied 87 systematically. For example, various flushed products may comprise materials and chemicals that can 88 be harmful to the environment; hence, such products should not be identified as “flushable”. 89 Accordingly, the purpose of the flushability test along with others presented in this IWSFG series aims to 90 define the qualities and characteristics of those products that may truly be identified as “flushable”. By 91 adhering to these test methods and providing the appropriate advice to the product users regarding the 92 after use disposal of such products will ultimately lead to the long‐term sustainability of wastewater 93 systems, and the minimization of potential problems such as pipe blockages and equipment failures in 94 sewer networks. 95 The goal of the IWSFG is not to ban the production and/or use of these products, but to encourage 96 manufacturers to identify those products that do not meet the established IWSFG standards as being 97 not “flushable” and to encourage users to dispose of the products after use in a more appropriate 98 manner. 99

100 2 Purpose 101 The purpose of the flushability test is to assess the degree of disintegration of a product when it is 102 subjected to the hydraulic forces typically found under the flow conditions in wastewater transport 103 systems, i.e. forces equivalent to a Reynolds number of 20,000. 104

105 3 Scope 106 The scope of this PAS includes all products that a manufacturer or distributer may wish to identify as 107 flushable, and all products, which by the location of their use and likely contamination by human

1 In some instances, by agreement with a commercial or industrial client, a wastewater utility may agree to accept discharges containing chemicals or other contaminants not normally found in sanitary discharges. Acceptance is by specific agreement that such chemicals or contaminants can be safely treated within the treatment processes of the wastewater utility. Otherwise pretreatment by the commercial or industrial organization is required to bring the discharge into conformity with the established acceptable standards.

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

108 excreta, are likely to be flushed through a toilet into a drain line and hence into a wastewater 109 conveyance and treatment system.

110 4 References 111 112 4.1 Normative References 113 IWSFG PAS 0:2017 Terms and Definitions for Determination of Flushability. 114 IWSFG PAS 2A:2017 Toilet Clearance Test

115 4.2 Informative Reference or Relevant Annexes 116 Annex 1 – Sources of Apparatus 117 Annex 2 – Test Report Template 118 Annex 3 ‐ Procedure for Pre‐rinsing Test Products for Determining Initial Dry Mass 119 Annex 4 ‐ Sieving and Recovery of Product Residues 120 Annex 5 ‐ Drying and Weighing of Products and Product Residues

121 5 Terms and Definitions 122 (See: IWSFG PAS 0:2017 Terms and Definitions for Determination of Flushability)

123 6 Principles 124 The flushability test is used to demonstrate a product’s potential to disintegrate in water when 125 subjected to the hydraulic forces normally found in gravity wastewater transport systems. 126 127 Note: The test is undertaken in potable water, as opposed to wastewater because: 128 1. It avoids the health and safety issues associated with wastewater. 129 2. It avoids the inconsistencies that would inevitably be found between two or more 130 samples of wastewater. 131

132 7 Apparatus 133 The items required for the test method are:

134  an orbital shaker with a 2.5 cm (1 in) orbit, and capable of rotating at 50 to 300 rpm 135  a platform/tray for the orbital shaker 136  two 8 L Fernbach flasks with baffles at the bottom 137  clamps, screws, and other apparatus to hold the flasks in place 138  a perforated plate screen with round holes, compliant with ISO 3310‐2 with apertures of 6.3 mm 139

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

140 8 Preparation 141 142 8.1 Sample acquisition 143 For products that are already in the market, the testing laboratory will acquire sample 144 products from retail outlets (e.g., grocery stores or pharmacies). 145 For products that are in the development stage as new or improved products, the 146 testing laboratory may receive samples from their manufacturers or intended 147 distributors. 148 The test report shall clearly indicate the applicable method of the sample acquisition or 149 purpose. 150 151 8.2 Number of test pieces 152 Five specimens are required for each complete testing.2 Specimens should be obtained 153 from at least two distinct packages of a product. To obtain 5 specimens, the rolls of toilet 154 paper, or a bundle of moist tissues in its original package should be divided into 5 equal 155 sections. Then, one specimen from each section will be used for testing. 156 For toilet papers, the starting point, as well as the end point of a toilet paper roll, should 157 be avoided due to the effect of glues. 158 To obtain moist tissue specimens, it will be convenient to cut their packaging on its side 159 to see the whole bundle of moist tissues. Then, package will be divided into 5 equal 160 sections, and a specimen will be removed from each part. 161 Caution is necessary not to damage the delicate specimens when removing them from 162 the package. Specimens must be removed from their packaging just before the testing 163 starts. 164 8.3 Sample preparation and Unit Dose 165 The following requirements apply to products to be tested. 166 167 8.3.1 Dry tissues: 168 The specimen size shall be either one (1) or two (2) sheets of toilet paper 169 depending on the dimensions so that the total area is approximately 180‐300 170 cm2. . Take the specimen of dry toilet tissue from the roll’s interior to avoid the 171 possible presence of glue at the roll ends. 172 The dry facial tissue specimens shall be taken from the package and the unit size 173 shall be one sheet.

2 Note: In order to allow for the possibility that a dry mass test verification is needed, 5 additional specimens should be acquired.

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

174 The specimen should be inserted into the flask as loosely as possible. The sheet 175 must move along with the rotational movement of the water in the flask. 176 177 8.3.2 Moist tissues: 178 The specimen size shall be one sheet, or if the wipe exceeds 300 cm2, a piece 179 measuring 13 cm X 20 cm or 260 cm2 that is taken from the center of the 180 product according to Sections 8.1 and 8.2. The specimen should be inserted into 181 the flask as loosely as possible. The sheet must move along with the rotation of 182 the water in the flask. 183 Moist products must be tested as soon as they are removed from the packaging 184 to minimize the evaporation of the moisturizing chemicals from the specimen. No 185 attempt to remove the lotion should be undertaken and the removed tissue 186 should tested immediately, to prevent the lotion from evaporating. 187 188 8.3.3 Other products: 189 For other products, if the specimen is large and thereby cannot be inserted into 190 the flask, then a representative specimen should be obtained by cutting a 191 specimen suitably. The test specimen should have a volume from 2 to 4 cm3 192 and a mass of 1 to 3 grams. 193 194 8.4 Apparatus preparation 195 Place 1 L of tap water into a Fernbach flask with baffles at the bottom; fasten it onto the 196 orbital shaker, and set the rotational speed to 100 rpm. Start the shaker, and confirm 197 that it rotates at a constant speed. 198

199 9 Storage and Conditioning 200 201 9.1 Storage of samples 202 Samples shall be stored under ambient laboratory conditions in the manufacturer’s 203 original packaging. 204 If the samples have been removed from the manufacturer’s original packaging, the 205 samples shall be identified and stored as follows: 206 1. Dry products should be returned to their original packaging, and should be 207 double‐bagged with resealable plastic bags. 208 2. Moist products should be returned to their original packages, e.g., hard‐plastic 209 containers or soft‐plastic packages. 210 3. In case of hard‐plastic containers, the box should be re‐closed, and then 211 should be double‐bagged with resealable plastic bags to minimize any

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212 exposure to ambient air. 213 4. Soft‐plastic packages should be closed tightly while squeezing air out of the 214 package, and then should be double‐bagged with resealable plastic bags to 215 minimize the potential of exposure to the ambient air. 216 5. Samples should be stored in secured laboratory cabinets. 217 218 9.2 Conditioning for the Test 219 There are no conditioning requirements. The test specimens should be removed from 220 their packagings and used directly in the test procedure. 221

222 10 Procedure 223 10.1 Summary 224 Test specimens are placed in the flasks, which will be rotated on the shaker table at the 225 designated speed for the designated duration, the flasks are emptied onto a 6.3 mm 226 perforated screen and the upper surface of the screen is rinsed at the designated flow 227 and duration, and the upper and lower surfaces of the screen are examined visually for 228 snagged residuals. Photographs of the upper and lower screens surfaces are taken.

229 10.2 Test procedure 230 1. Place 1 L of tap water into the flask. 231 2. Loosely roll a specimen and insert it into the flask. 232 3. Make sure that the specimen lays flat in the water. This can be achieved by 233 slightly swirling the flask manually until the sample lays flat in the water. 234 4. Place the flask into a flask‐holder on the shaker table. 235 5. Initiate the movement of the shaker table at the rotational speed of 100 236 rpm. 237 6. Monitor the flask for any irregular movement of the specimen such as 238 twisting, or rolling around itself. If this happens, stop the shaker and re‐start 239 the procedure using a new specimen. 240 7. Run the shaker for 120 minutes, during which time take pictures at 30 minute 241 Intervals, or when the specimen disintegrates completely. 242 8. Remove the flask from the shaker table and pour the contents onto the 243 surface of a 6.3 mm perforated sieve. 244 9. Take photographs of the upper and lower sieve surfaces. 245 10. Take up the shower head, turn on the faucet and adjust the regulator to a flow 246 rate of 4 L per minute. 247 11. With the handheld showerhead spray nozzle held approximately 10‐15 cm 248 above the top surface of the sieve, gently rinse the sieve by constantly 249 moving the spray over the entire surface for 1 minute without concentrating 250 the spray on any specific areas. Do not force the passage of any material 251 through the sieve. 252 12. Stop the rinsing after 1 minute.

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253 13. Observe if there are any remains of the specimen on the upper and lower 254 surfaces of the sieve. 255 14. Take photographs of the upper and lower sieve surfaces. 256 a. If there are no residuals remaining on the sieve, the test 257 is complete and the product has passed. 258 b. If there are residuals remaining visually and quantitatively, 259 recover all the retained materials from both sides of the 260 sieve using forceps or by backwashing the material into 261 a smaller sieve and then using forceps. (See Annex 4). 262 Transfer these materials into labeled drying pans or 263 tared weigh boats to determine their dry weight (See 264 Annex 5). 265

266 10.3 Test Termination 267 Upon completion of a test, the flask and sieve shall be cleared of any residues from the 268 test articles. 269 270 In cases where specimens contain fiber‐binding chemicals that are likely to remain on 271 the walls of the flasks or the sieve surfaces, the flasks and sieve surfaces shall be washed 272 using solvents such as ethanol and methanol, soap and water. 273 274 10.4 Test Results 275 The test must be repeated with 5 specimens. 276 a. If 4 or more of the 5 tested specimens show no residual fragments 277 remaining on the 6.3 mm sieve after rinsing, the product will pass. 278 b. Record the test results for each one of the 5 specimens. Collect any residual 279 fragments that remained on 6.3 mm sieve during each test. Quantify the 280 dry‐mass of all residual fragments from 5 specimens by drying the 281 fragments at 103 °C for 4 to 8 hours. For a product to pass, total dry‐mass 282 of all residual fragments (>6.3 mm solids) must be less than 5 % of the initial 283 dry mass of 5 samples. 284 . 285 (See Annexes 3, 4, and 5 for the procedure to be followed) 286 287 10.5 Calculations 288 The following calculations are required: 289 290 a. The number of flasks for which residual fragments remained on the 6.3 291 mm sieve after rinsing. 292 293 and 294 295 b. The disintegration ratio (as a percentage) should be

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296 computed for by using the following equation is calculated 297 using the following equation: 298 299 300

total dry mass of retained fraction in sieve (g) % Disintegration = 1 ‐ x 100 [ total initial dry mass of sample (g)) ] 301 302 303 304 (See Annexes 3, 4, and 5.)

305 306 11 Acceptance Criteria 307 To be acceptable: 308 a. The fragments from four (4) of the five (5) test specimens at the end of the 120‐ 309 minutes of shaking at 100 rpm must clear completely (100%) pass through the 6.3 310 mm sieve after the 1 minute rinse per Annex 3, i.e., there should be no fragments 311 on the sieve to be observed; this result must be supported with visual examination 312 and pictures of solids on the sieve. 313 314 OR: 315 316 b. If there is material left on the 6.3 mm sieve after the 1 minute rinse as per Annex 3, the 317 percentage of the total initial dry mass of the five (5) test specimens (as computed in step b 318 of section 10.5) passing through the 6.3 mm sieve after 120 minutes of testing must be 319 greater than 95%. This result must be supported with visual examination and pictures of 320 solids on the sieve.

321

322 12 Test Report 323 The test report should include the following information: 324 1. a reference to the test procedure 325 2. an overview of the experimental setup and operational conditions 326 3. the date and location of the testing 327 4. the complete identification of the tested product 328 5. a statement as to the sample acquisition process followed and purpose of the testing 329 6. any departure during and/or at the end of each testing and any circumstances that may 330 have affected the results along with an explanation 331 7. copies of photographs taken during the procedure

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332 8. the test results, including: 333 a. The percentage of dry‐mass that passed through the 6.3 mm sieve after 1 334 minute of rinsing should be stated. 335 b. The outcome of each test must be clearly stated in terms of disintegration. For 336 example, complete disintegration (100 %) in xx minutes. Alternatively, YY % of 337 the product disintegrated within the test duration (e.g., 120 minutes. 338 c. A final statement indicating whether the product passed or failed the test. 339 340

341 13 Precision 342 The shaker table should be checked periodically for correct operation; if necessary, adjustments should 343 be made to assure a rotation of 100 rpm. 344 There may be some variation in the quality of the products being tested, which is why 5 separate 345 specimens shall be acquired, according to Sections 8.1 and 8.2.

346 Bibliography 347 348 Karadagli, F., B. E. Rittmann, D. C. McAvoy, J. E. Richardson. 2012. Effect of turbulence on disintegration 349 rate of flushable consumer products. Water Environment Research, 84(5), 424‐433. 350 351 Eren, B. and Karadagli F. 2012. Physical Disintegration of Toilet Papers in Wastewater Systems: 352 Experimental Analysis and Mathematical Modeling. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 2870 – 353 2876. 354 ISO 3310‐2:2013 Test sieves ‐‐ Technical requirements and testing ‐‐ Part 2: Test sieves of perforated 355 metal plate 356 357

358 Annex 1– Sources of Apparatus 359 (Informative) 360 361 The following tables provide examples and basic information about suitable items, e.g., shakers, clamps, 362 etc., that are offered by various suppliers. Other suppliers should be consulted for compatible items. 363 1- Orbital Shaker 364 The orbital shaker shall have an orbit of 2.54 cm (1 inch) and with the rotational speed range of 50 – 300 365 rpm at a precision of approximately 1-2 rpm is needed for this test. Below are a few examples of such 366 shaker tables. 367

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

368 Part No. / Distributor / Catalogue Name Additional Information Manufacturer No. Thomas Scientific 8290F87 MaxQ 3000 Platform Shaker 120 V Thomas Scientific 8290F89 MaxQ 3000 Platform Shaker 230 V

VWR 89032-104 Model 5000 Advanced Shaker 120 V VWR 89032-106 Model 5000 Advanced Shaker 230 V

Model OS-4000 with Orbit Orbital Shaker with Digital Lab Companion AAH3D1365U Size of 25.4 mm (1”) Control Panel (120 V) Model OS-4000 with Orbit Orbital Shaker with Digital Lab Companion AAH3D1315K Size of 25.4 mm (1”) Control Panel (230 V) Orbital Shaker with Digital Lab Companion AAH3D1465U Model OS-7100 Control Panel (120 V) Orbital Shaker with Digital Lab Companion AAH3D1415K Model OS-7100 Control Panel (230 V)

369 370 371 2- Platform/Tray for the Orbital Shaker 372 Suppliers may offer a standard platform along with the orbital shaker, and the cost of the platform may be 373 included in the total price. However, some suppliers offer platforms separately. In any case, a universal 374 platform that allows for the mounting of the flask clamps must be selected for the shaker. This type of 375 platform will have pre-drilled holes to mount the flask clamps onto the platform. A standard platform may 376 be of the dimensions of 18 x 24 inches (45.7 x 61 cm), while alternative sizes such as 24 x 24 inches or 24 377 x 36 inches are also available and suitable. The platform should be large enough to house 5 flasks to 378 accommodate the 5 test samples. A list of the platforms offered by the shaker suppliers listed in Table 1 is 379 provided below: 380

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

381 Part No. / Distributor / Additional Catalogue Name Manufacturer Information No. Universal Platform for MaxQ 3000 Platform Manufacturer Code: Thomas Scientific 8291L10 Shakers (size: 30 x 18 inches) 30115BI

Universal Platform for 5000-Advanced VWR 97003-594 Not Available (N/A) Shaker (size: 18 x 24 inches)

Universal Platform for Model OS-4000 Lab Companion AAA31502-V1 (N/A) with orbit of 25.4 mm (size: 45 x 45 cm) Universal Platform for Model OS-7100 Lab Companion AAA23504 (N/A) (size: 75.5 x 52 cm)

382 383 384 3- Flask Clamps 385 Several clamps will be necessary to fix the flasks to the platform during testing. A list of clamps that fit 2.8- 386 L Fernbach flasks, and are offered by the shaker suppliers listed in Tables 1 and 2 is provided below: Part No. / Distributor / Additional Catalogue Name Manufacturer Information No. Thomas Manufacturer 0522G90 Stainless steel clamps for 2.8 L Fernbach Flask Scientific Code: 30162

VWR 14215-228 Stainless steel clamps for 2.8 L Fernbach Flask N/A

Lab Companion AAA23557 Stainless steel clamps for 2.8 L Fernbach Flask N/A

387 4- 2.8-L Fernbach Flask with Baffles at the Bottom 388 A 2.8-L Fernbach glass flask with 3 evenly spaced baffles at the bottom is needed for this testing. This flask 389 has a bottom diameter of 15.3 cm, from which it expands outward to reach a diameter of 20.3 cm at a height 390 approximately 4.1 cm from the bottom. The flask has a total height of 25 cm, a neck height of approximately 391 5.5 cm, and a neck diameter of 38 mm. The flask has three evenly spaced elliptical baffles (1.5 x 4.5 cm) 392 cut into its bottom. The table below provides a list of the 2.8-L Fernbach flasks offered by various suppliers:

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

Part No. / Distributor / Additional Catalogue Name Manufacturer Information No. Manufacturer Code: ThomasScientific 1203K91 2.8 L Fernbach Flask with 3 baffles Bellco 2554-02800

2.8 L Fernbach Flask with Plain Neck and Manufacturer Code: VWR 71000-350 with 3 Baffles 3875-31

2.8 L Fernbach Flask with DeLong Neck BellCo 2554-02800 N/A and with 3 Baffles

393 394 Below is a Picture of the Fernbach Flask for Reference.

395 396 Source: IWSFG Member. 397 Screws and Screwdriver: Screws will be necessary to fasten the flask clamps onto shaker platform. Such 398 items may be readily available in a laboratory, or they can be purchased along with the flask clamps. Please 399 check with your supplier to identify the type of screws that will be needed to fasten the flask clamps onto 400 the orbital shaker. 401 Construction of the Shaker-Flask System: The shaker-flask system is constructed by fastening the 402 platform onto the shaker; then, by fixing the flask clamps onto the platform, and finally, by fitting a 2.8-L 403 Fernbach flask into the clamps. The platform should be large enoubh to accomodate up to 5 flasks. 404 Standard Wire Mesh Sieve of 6.3 mm Size to be Used for the Wet Seperation of Solids: It is 405 recommended to have a few more sieves with sizes such as 12.6 mm, and 25.4 mm. The disintegration 406 behaviour of a product can be studied in further detail by using these sieves. For instance, the amount of 407 time that is needed for small pieces to be < 25.4 mm, or < 12.6 mm, and < 6.3 mm. 408 Spray-nozzle Head: Should be available for rinsing sieves. Otherwise, it should be constructed by using 409 a 1 m long soft plastic hose, a small shower head, and clamps.

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410 Annex 2 ‐ Test Report Template 411 (informative) Section 1 – Test Information Physical Disintegration by Using Shaker-Flask Test Name and Method System Test Date/Time Test Location – Laboratory Name Test Conducted by Laboratory Supervisor

Operational Conditions and Reynold’s Number 100 rpm and Reynold’s Number = 20000

Notes

Section 2 – Product Information

Product and Packaging Information

Product Obtained by

Manufacturer & Distributor

Physical Dimensions of a Single Specimen

Other Information

Section 3 - Test Results

Pass or Fail Time Required for Complete Disintegration

(e.g., < 6 mm size range) Percentage of Product Causing fFilure (when

applicable)

Section 4- Photographic Results

Initial Specimen in the Flask Picture 1

Disintegration by 30 Minutes Picture 2

Disintegration by 60 Minute Picture 3

Picture of 6.3 mm Sieve after 90 Minutes Picture 4 412 413

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414 Annex 3 ‐ Procedure for Pre‐rinsing Test Products for Determining Initial 415 Dry Mass 416 (Informative) 417 418 A.3.1 Introduction 419 420 Two approaches to pre‐rinsing test products to remove water soluble 421 lotions or other additives from products before using them in the 422 determination of their initial dry mass are described in this annex. The first 423 method, which is recommended, involves flushing the products down a 424 toilet and through a drain line using tap water. This approach simulates 425 the actual rinsing process that occurs when a product is flushed on its way 426 to a wastewater conveyance system. When a toilet and drain line is not 427 available, an alternative method can be used that involves swirling 428 products in a container of tap water. 429 430 A.3.2 Test Product Selection 431 432  When conducting a test to support a flushable claim, the products used for 433 testing must be the same as those offered in the intended market. 434  Obtain a sufficient number of products (samples) to conduct the intended 435 test. 436  If there is a need to determine the average dry weight for the product, at 437 least five more samples will be required, and when samples exhibit high 438 variability in their weight, more may be required. 439 • Test specimens should be randomly obtained from different sections of 440 one or more packages to ensure that they are broadly representative. 441 Note: This is particularly important for products such 442 as wipes, which occur in a roll or stack. 443 444 445 A.3.3 Toilet and Drain Line Method 446 447 A.3.3.1 Equipment 448 449 • toilet and drain line as per IWSFG PAS 2A:2017, with catch 450 basket located before the drain 451

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452 453 • It is recommended to use a toilet with at least a 4.5 L ± 0.4 454 L flush volume. 455 456 457 A.3.3.2 Procedure 458 459 • Prior to adding any materials to the toilet bowl or initiating 460 a flush, ensure that the toilet has stopped running and that 461 the water in the bowl is at a normal level. 462 • When adding a product (e.g. hygienic wipe) place it in the 463 center of the toilet bowl and allow sufficient time, typically 464 15 seconds, for it to become fully saturated with water 465 before adding another product or flushing the toilet. 466 • No more than 2 wipes should be flushed at one time. 467 • Retrieve the products before they enter the basket or as 468 soon as practically possible to prevent any disintegration by 469 water flowing out of the pip. 470 • When necessary, use additional flushes without product to 471 move products out of the drain line for collection. 472 473 A.3.5 Alternative Method 474 475 A.3.5.1 Equipment 476 477 • containers with a capacity of approximately 20 L 478 (e.g. 5‐ g a l l o n plastic buckets) 479 480 A.3.5.2 Procedure 481 482  Fill the containers with tap water. 483  Submerge the specimens in the water and swirl them for 484 approximately 30 seconds, or longer if necessary, to 485 remove any perceptible lotion or additives. 486  To maintain the ratio of water to product existing in the 487 toilet and 6 specimens should be placed together at any 488 one time in a single container with 20 L of tap water. 489 490 491 492 493

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494

495 Annex 4 ‐ Sieving and Recovery of Product Residues 496 (Informative)

497 A.4.1 Introduction 498 499 This Annex describes the sieving, rinsing and recovery of the product 500 residues from the various disintegration tests. Once the samples are 501 transferred to a sieve in these tests, these procedures are then used to 502 rinse small materials through the sieve and recover the residues for 503 gravimetric analysis. 504 505 A.4.2 Equipment 506  Peerless shower head Model 507 76114WH with hose assembly 508 (pictured at right), or similar, 509 attached to a faucet (tap) with a 510 graduated flow regulator adjusted to 511 deliver 4L per minute 512  4 L beaker (recommended) 513  stopwatch or other timing device 514  fine mesh hand sieve 515  forceps 516  drying pans 517 518 519 Source: IWSFG Member 520

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

521 522 523 A.4.3 Procedure 524 525 1. Turn the faucet on and adjust the regulator to a flow rate of 4 L 526 per minute. 527 528 OR: 529 530 The flow rate can be determined by measuring the volume 531 delivered to a suitable container with graduations after a 532 specified time period. For example, it should take exactly 60 533 seconds to deliver 4 L of water to the 4 L mark on a beaker. Once 534 the flow is adjusted, this measurement should be repeated at 535 least three times and should vary less than 5%. 536 2. When transferring the contents from a disintegration test to the 537 sieve, pour the contents of the test vessels slowly while 538 distributing evenly them over the complete surface of the sieve. 539 3. With the handheld showerhead spray nozzle held approximately 540 10 to15cm (4 to 6”) above the top surface, gently rinse the 541 smaller materials through the sieve. Constantly move the spray 542 over the entire surface without concentrating the spray on any 543 specific areas. Do not force the passage of any material through 544 the sieve. 545 4. After 1 minute of rinsing, quantitatively recover all the retained 546 materials from both sides of the sieve using forceps or by f i r s t 547 backwashing the material into a smaller sieve and then using 548 forceps. 549 5. Transfer these materials into labeled drying pans or tared weigh 550 boats to determine their dry weight (see Annex 6). 551

Example of a Flow Regulator and Shower Head Rinse Apparatus 552 Source: ISWFG Member

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

553 Annex 5 – Drying and Weighing of Products and Product Residues 554 (Informative) 555 ‘ 556 A.5.1 Equipment 557 558 • oven capable of maintaining a constant temperature of between 40° 559 and 103°C 560 • weighing dishes 561 • forceps 562 • desiccator 563 • analytical Balance (reads to 4 decimal places) 564  specimens 565 566 A.5.2 Procedure 567 A.5.2.1 Loss of Mass Calculation Procedure 568 1. If there are residual fragments at the end of any of the 5 tests, collect them using the 569 procedures described in Annex 5 prior to determining their dry weight.. 570 2. Set the oven to a temperature appropriate for the chemical and physical properties of 571 the specimen – this is typically 103 °C.. 572 3. Place the specimens to be analyzed in an oven‐safe weighing dish or on a piece of foil. 573 4. In the case of difficult to handle specimen residues, it may be appropriate to place the 574 residues in a pre‐weighed (tared) aluminum weigh boats. 575 5. Dry the specimens in the oven for several hours or overnight. 576 6. Transfer the specimens from the oven to a desiccator and allow them to cool. 577 7. Weigh the specimens and record their weight. 578 8. Return the specimens to the oven for approximately 30 minutes and again allow them 579 to cool in the desiccator and determine their weigh. 580 9. Repeat this process as necessary until the specimens reach constant weights. 581 10. Record the total weight of residuals from tests 1‐5; 582 11. Calculate the loss of mass using the Loss of Mass worksheet set out in section A.5.4 583

584 A.5.3.2 Initial Dry Mass Calculation Procedure 585 1. Select 10 specimens in accordance with Annex 3, section A.3.3. 586 2. Pre‐rinse specimens with water soluble lotions or additives before using the 587 procedures described in Annex 3 prior to determining their dry weight. 588 3. Set the oven to a temperature appropriate for the chemical and physical 589 properties of the specimen – this is typically 103 °C. 590 4. Place the specimens to be analyzed in an oven‐safe weighing dish or on a piece of 591 foil. 592 5. Check that the residues of difficult to handle specimen residues need to be placed 593 in a pre‐weighed (tared) aluminum weigh boats.

International Wastewater Services Flushability IWSFG PAS 3C: 2017 – Flask and Shaker Table Group 2017‐07‐21 version

594 6. Dry the specimens in the oven for several hours or overnight. 595 7. Transfer the specimens from the oven to a desiccator and allow them to cool. 596 8. Weigh the specimens and record their total weight. 597 9. Return the specimens to the oven for approximately 30 minutes and again allow 598 them to cool in the desiccator and determine their weight. 599 10. Repeat this process as necessary until the specimens reach constant weights. 600 11. Record the total weight of the five (5) specimens. 601 12. Calculate the loss of mass using the Loss of Mass worksheet set out in A.5.4. 602

603 A.5.4 Example of a Loss of Mass Calculation Worksheet 604 Loss of Mass Calculation Worksheet Sample Number Initial Total Dry Dry Mass of Percent 95% Mass Loss Mass of 5 Retained Disintegration PASS/FAIL Specimens Specimens from Prepared in the 6.3 mm Sieve Accordance with for Test 1 ‐ 5 Annex 4 1 605 606