MOZAMBIQUE Decem Ber 2020
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Where Crime Compounds Conflict
WHERE CRIME COMPOUNDS CONFLICT Understanding northern Mozambique’s vulnerabilities SIMONE HAYSOM October 2018 WHERE CRIME COMPOUNDS CONFLICT Understanding northern Mozambique’s vulnerabilities Simone Haysom October 2018 Cover photo: iStock/Katiekk2 Pemba, Mozambique: ranger with a gun looking at feet of elephants after poachers had killed the animals for illegal ivory trade © 2018 Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Global Initiative. Please direct inquiries to: The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime WMO Building, 2nd Floor 7bis, Avenue de la Paix CH-1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland www.GlobalInitiative.net Contents Summary and key findings ..............................................................................................................................................1 Background .........................................................................................................................................................................................2 The militants and funding from the illicit economy .......................................................................................4 Methodology .....................................................................................................................................................................................5 Corrosion, grievance and opportunity: A detailed picture -
Update – East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region
Update – East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region Executive Committee of the 18 February 2020 High Commissioner’s Programme English Original: English and French Standing Committee 77th meeting Update on UNHCR’s operations in the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region A. Situational analysis including new developments Throughout 2019, countries of the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region of Africa continued to face large scale forced displacement. While most refugees and asylum-seekers in the region were from South Sudan, there were also significant numbers from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Somalia and Sudan. Some 220,000 people were granted international protection in the region during the year, bringing the total number of refugees and asylum-seekers to some 4.6 million. The region hosts some 67 per cent of the refugees on the continent and 20 per cent of the global refugee population. Governments have generally maintained an open-door asylum policy and embraced the Global Compact on Refugees by adopting progressive national frameworks and promoting the inclusion of refugees into national health, education and social protection systems. In 2020, UNHCR will continue to seek to broaden international support and partnerships to ease pressure on refugee- hosting countries, enhance the inclusion of refugees and their self-reliance, and redouble efforts to pursue comprehensive solutions for all forcibly displaced populations in the region. Responses to internal displacement will also be strengthened, with three of the nine countries included in the High Commissioner’s new Initiative on Internal Displacement being located in the East and Horn of Africa and the Great Lakes Region (Ethiopia, South Sudan and Sudan). -
Joint Communiqué by the African Commission on Human and People’S Rights (ACHPR), the Special Rapporteur on Refugees, Asylum-Seekers, Migrants in Africa, Ms
Joint Communiqué by the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR), the Special Rapporteur on refugees, asylum-seekers, migrants in Africa, Ms. Maya Sahli Fadel, and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) on Mozambique's displacement crisis and forced returns from Tanzania (1) Situation of IDPs in Mozambique - The total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Cabo Delgado Province has reached more than 732,000 according to humanitarian estimates. Approximately 46% are children. The conflict in northern Mozambique has left tens of thousands of people dead or injured. Civilians have been exposed to a variety of protection concerns, including physical assault, kidnappings, murder of family members, and gender-based violence (GBV). Moreover, the conflict has resulted in families being separated, and in many cases being displaced multiple times as they seek safety. - The situation, which has become a protection crisis, substantially worsened after attacks by non-state armed groups in the city of Palma on 24 March this year. Humanitarian actors are seeing an escalating rate of displacement, along with an increase in the proportion of displaced people having directly experienced human rights violations. There is also a growing number of particularly vulnerable persons among the IDPs, such as elderly, unaccompanied and separated children, pregnant women as well as those with urgent need for shelter, food and access to health structures. - Ongoing insecurity has forced thousands of families to seek refuge mostly in the south of Cabo Delgado and Nampula Provinces, as well as in Niassa and Zambezia provinces. Cabo Delgado’s districts of Ancuabe, Balama, Chiure, Ibo, Mecufi, Metuge, Montepuez, Mueda, Namuno, Nangade and Pemba continue to register new arrivals every day. -
Internal Displacement and the Kampala Convention: an Opportunity for Development Actors
Internal displacement and the Kampala Convention: an opportunity for development actors Analytical Paper on the Relevance of Human Rights Approaches for Development Activities Targeting Conflict- and Disaster-Induced Displacement in Africa Acknowledgements This report was produced by IDMC under an initiative by the Global Program on Forced Displacement of the World Bank. The report is researched and written by Walter Kälin and Nina Schrepfer. The report was financed by the Nordic Trust Fund (NTF). The NTF is a knowledge and learning initiative to help the World Bank develop a more informed view on human rights. Financial and staff support for the NTF is provided by Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Authors Walter Kälin, Dr. iur., professor of constitutional and international law at the University of Bern; Non-resident Senior Fellow Brookings Institution; former Representative of the UN Secretary General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons. Nina Schrepfer, MLaw (European and International Law), former legal advisor to the Representative of the UN Sec- retary-General on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons; Advisor in Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs at the University of Bern, MPI Fellow. Disclaimer The content of this report does not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. Cover photo: Madwani is one of the two transit sites in Aweil town, South Sudan. Although it is supposed to shelter people for only a few days before they are moved to their permanent homes, some of the returnees stay in Madwani for months because of slow plot allocation and because they want to stay in the proximity of town, where some services are available. -
Unlocking the Potential of the Internet a Scoping Study in the Mozambique Regional Corridors of Beira and Nacala
Unlocking the Potential of the Internet A Scoping Study in the Mozambique Regional Corridors of Beira and Nacala Study Commissioned By Executive Summary Mozambique, located in the Southern Machipanda border and to Malawi and people) and is again concentrated in Internet penetration, with market support the Universal Access Fund to African region, attained its independence Zambia via the Villa Fronteira border with large urban areas like Maputo. stakeholders reporting critical challenges effectively deploy its resources to provide from Portugal in 1975. A 16-year civil Malawi and from Malawi to Zambia via the in speed, lack of common Internet affordable internet access in rural areas. war, which ended with the signing of Mchinji border post. The Nacala corridor As one considers approaches to application standards and poor service Awareness the Rome Peace Accord in October 1992, is linking the port of Nacala to Malawi stimulating and promoting Internet quality. This has hampered business There is a significant gap in skills to left Mozambique one of the poorest through the Chiponde border post and the development, we need to recognise the operations to effectively expand outside of operate internet-enabled devices. countries in the world with virtually no Mchinji border post to Zambia. This scoping full scope of the challenges that must be major cities like Maputo, Beira and Nacala. Online commerce is limited and there is infrastructure, including roads, schools study is focused on the Mozambican addressed from both a demand and supply general mistrust of using the Internet for and health facilities. Communication components of these two corridors from the side. -
South Sudan Building Consensus on the Drafting of a National Law on Internal Displacement
Working Together Better to Prevent, Address and Find Durable Solutions to Internal Displacement South Sudan. Consultations with IDPs for drafting law on internal displacement. © UNHCR | 2018 South Sudan Building Consensus on the Drafting of a National Law on Internal Displacement In 2018, the Government of South Sudan Sudan was collecting and including IDPs’ undertook a process to domesticate the views given conflicting political interests African Union Convention for the Protection surrounding the ultimate formation of the and Assistance of Internally Displaced Transitional National Unity Government in Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention), which February 2020, and the lack of tools to culminated in “The Protection and Assistance effectively consult IDPs countrywide. to Internally Displaced Persons Act 2019.” Consultation sessions with IDPs included The draft IDP law was pending review by the presentations on existing normative Ministry of Justice at the time of writing. frameworks on internal displacement, which One of the most difficult challenges in also helped inform their contributions during developing the draft IDP law in South the process. Consequently, the process to develop the draft law also enabled support by the Return and Rehabilitation IDP participants to share new information Commission and two parliamentary with their respective communities. IDPs committees. participating in the process to develop South As in Niger, the South Sudan process showed Sudan’s IDP law focused on the need to the importance of establishing a foundation prevent and respond to sexual and gender- for the process, with an exhaustive legal based violence, and to protect IDPs’ housing, review being performed early in the process land and property rights, particularly for and creating an inter-ministerial coordination women. -
Part 4: Regional Development Plan
PART 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chapter 1 Overall Conditions of the Study Area The Study on Upgrading of Nampula – Cuamba Road FINAL REPORT in the Republic of Mozambique November 2007 PART 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Chapter 1 Overall Conditions of the Study Area 1.1 Existing Conditions of the Study Area The Study area consists of the two provinces of Niassa and Nampula. The total length of the Study road is approximately 350 km. In this chapter, overall conditions of the study area are described in order to prepare a regional development plan and to analyze economic, social and financial viability. The Nacala Corridor, which extends to Malawi through the Nampula and Niassa Provinces of Mozambique from Nacala Port, serves as a trucking route that connects northern agricultural zones with important cities and/or towns. In the rainy season, which is from November to April, the region has a high rainfall ranging from 1,200 to 2,000 mm. As the Study road is an unpaved road, it is frequently impassable during the rainy season, affecting the transportation of crops during this period. Looking at the 3 regions in Mozambique, results of the economic performance study conducted by UNDP over the period under analysis continue to show heavy economic concentration in the southern region of the country, with an average of about 47% of real production as can be seen in Figure 1.1.1. Within the southern region, Maputo City stands out with a contribution in real terms of about 20.8%. The central region follows, with a contribution of 32%, and finally, the northern region with only 21% of national production. -
New Hopes and Challenges for the Protection of Idps in Africa: the Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa
Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 39 Number 2 Spring Article 5 April 2020 New Hopes and Challenges for the Protection of IDPs in Africa: The Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa Flavia Zorzi Guistiniani Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Flavia Zorzi Guistiniani, New Hopes and Challenges for the Protection of IDPs in Africa: The Kampala Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, 39 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 347 (2011). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. NEW HOPES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE PROTECTION OF IDPs IN AFRICA: THE KAMPALA CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION AND ASSISTANCE OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN AFRICA FLAVIA ZORZI GIUSTINIANI* I witnessed the historic moment of the adoption of the Convention on the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa. The importance of this Convention cannot be underestimated. Building on the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement it is the first legally binding IDP- specific treaty covering an entire continent. The Convention is a tremendous achievement and a beacon of hope for the almost 12 million people in Africa internally displacedby conflict and the many more internally displacedby natural disasters, and hopefully serves as a model for other regions, too. -
Norms and Practice for Addressing Cross-Border Displacement in Disaster Contexts
PROTECTION AND DISASTERS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA: NORMS AND PRACTICE FOR ADDRESSING CROSS-BORDER DISPLACEMENT IN DISASTER CONTEXTS TECHNICAL PAPER Tamara Wood, University of New South Wales DISASTERS CLIMATE CHANGE AND DISPLACEMENT EVIDENCE FOR ACTION NORWEGIAN NRC REFUGEE COUNCIL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared for the Nansen Initiative. The author may be contacted at: [email protected] January 2013 The project is funded by the European Union with the support of Norway and Switzerland Federal Department of Foreign Aairs FDFA TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...............................................................................................................................................7 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................................8 ACRONYMS ...............................................................................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................10 1. PREVENTING CROSS-BORDER DISPLACEMENT ....................................................................................................12 1.1 MIGRATION AND FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS .....................................................................................................13 1.1.1 Legal Frameworks..........................................................................................................................................................14 -
IOM Country Strategy for Mozambique: 2021-2023
IOM MOZAMBIQUE IOM COUNTRY STRATEGY FOR MOZAMBIQUE 2021 – 2023 IOM MOZAMBIQUE IOM COUNTRY STRATEGY FOR MOZAMBIQUE 2021 – 2023 The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration 139, Rua Joseph Kizerbo Maputo Mozambique Email: [email protected] Website: mozambique.iom.int This publication was issued without formal editing by IOM. Report design by We2 – www.we2.co Cover photo: IOM‘s DTM teams help local authorities in Paquitequete, Pemba, register internally displaced persons who fled insecurity in northern Cabo Delgado. From 16 October to 11 November 2020, over 14,400 internally displaced persons arrived at Pemba’s Paquitequete beach by boat. Boat arrivals to the provincial capital peaked with 29 in a single day in late October. © IOM 2021/Matteo THEUBET Required Citation: International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2021. IOM Country Strategy for Mozambique 2021-2023. -
Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions in Rural Mozambique
Report | no. 360 Report | no. Impact evaluation of drinking water supply and sanitation interventions in rural Mozambique Since 2006, the UNICEF–Netherlands Partnership evaluation office. It found evidence of a large Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation has increase in the use of improved water sources been supporting Water Supply and Sanitation and in the ownership and use of latrines. Much of programmes in Mozambique. The largest the increase can be attributed to an innovative programme, the ‘One Million Initiative’ aims to approach to sanitation. However, water from bring improved sanitation and clean water to improved sources and even more importantly, over one million people in rural Mozambique. stored water, are not always safe to drink. An Half-way through the programme, a joint impact element of subsidy will continue to be needed to evaluation was carried out by IOB and UNICEF’s sustain facilities and services. More than Water Published by: Ministry of Foreign Affairs Impact evaluation of drinking water supply and sanitation interventions in rural Mozambique Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (IOB) P.O. box 20061 | 2500 eb The Hague | The Netherlands www.minbuza.nl/iob © Ministry of Foreign Affairs | October 2011| ISBN 978-90-5328-414-8 11Buz283729 | E This project was a product of a cooperation between: Impact evaluation of drinking water supply and sanitation interventions in rural Mozambique More than Water Mid-term impact evaluation: UNICEF – Government of The Netherlands Partnership for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene ‘One Million Initiative’, Mozambique Impact evaluation of drinking water supply and sanitation interventions in rural Mozambique Preface Drinking water supply and basic sanitation has been a priority for the Netherlands’ development co-operation and for UNICEF for many years. -
Every Child Survives and Thrives
GOAL AREA 1 Every child survives and thrives Global Annual Results Report 2019 Cover image: © UNICEF/UN0317965/Frank Dejongh Expression of thanks: © UNICEF/UN0303648/Arcos A mother is washing and cuddling her baby, in the village of On 23 April 2019, in Cucuta in Colombia, a baby undergoes a health Tamroro, in the centre of Niger. check at the UNICEF-supported health centre. In Niger, only 13 percent of the population has access to basic sanitation services. Expression of thanks UNICEF is able to support the realization of children’s rights and change children’s lives by combining high-quality programmes at scale, harnessing innovation and collecting evidence, in partnership with governments, other United Nations organizations, civil society, the private sector, communities and children. It leverages wider change nationally and globally through advocacy, communications and campaigning. UNICEF also builds public support around the world, encouraging people to volunteer, advocate and mobilize resources for the rights and well-being of children, and works with a wide range of partners to achieve even greater impact. UNICEF’s work is funded entirely through the voluntary support of millions of people around the world and our partners in government, civil society and the private sector. Voluntary contributions enable UNICEF to deliver on its mandate to support the protection and fulfilment of children’s rights, to help meet their basic needs, and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. We wish to take this opportunity to express deeply felt appreciation to all our many and varied resource partners for support to Goal Area 1 in 2019, and particularly those that were able to provide thematic funding.