International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 116 No. 13 2017, 277-283 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN MADURAVOYAL, CHENNAI
1A.Ambica,2B.Saritha, 3R. Anbarasan Assistant Professor 1,2 Student 3,4 Department of Civil Engineering, BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai. [email protected]
Abstract : Natural resources are essential for human turbidity, total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved beings for the secured and healthy living. One among oxygen, total alkalinity, sodium, chlorides and iron are them is the groundwater. Nowadays the groundwater is most important to determine the quality of the water. The contaminated by different reasons like urbanization and increase or decrease in the groundwater parameters from industrialization. The aim of this study is to determine the the standard limits will drastically lead to the health water quality by collecting several groundwater samples problems in mankind. Therefore, the goal of this study to from different locations around the study area from bore analyse the water quality in the study area to create wells and open wells at different depths. In this study awareness on the drinking water quality by using eight parameters of the groundwater are considered for standard methods [3-7]. analyzing the water quality in the study area to create about the awareness of drinking water quality. 2. Study Area
1. Introduction The samples were collected at Maduravoyal it is located at west of Chennai, India. Maduravoyal is at latitude of In the recent days, the growth rate of metropolitan cities 13°3'40"N and Longitude of 80°9'50“E. According to is very fast in both urbanization and industrialization. census 2011, Maduravoyal had the population of 86,195 This will lead to demand of many natural resources. and it is situated about 12.87 kilometers from Chennai Groundwater is one of the most important resource harbor and 3 Km from the west of Koyambedu area in affected by the increasing rate due to these effects and Chennai city. The neighbouring areas include depletion occurs [1-2]. The pollution keeps on increasing Nerkundram, Mogappair,Vanagaram,Valasaravakkam, day by day and proportional to the increase in population Alapakkam and Porur.[8-12] rate. The parameters like pH, electrical conductivity,
3. In-situ data (APHA, 1994). Ten parameters of groundwater were analyzed for pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, The water samples were collected from fifteen different total alkalinity, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, phosphate locations throughout the study area during the year 2014. and iron to determine the water quality in the study area Intense care was taken while collecting the samples as [13-17]. prescribed in the standard measurement protocols
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4. Results and are greater than the existing allowable limit (250 mg/l). The stations 5 and 15 are falls under normal and The frequently used most important parameter to whereas the other stations vary from 290 to 500 mg/l. determine the water quality is the pH. The anlaysed The figure 5 shows the different levels of chlorides in the samples in the study are indicated the value of pH varies study area. The desirable limit of iron content as per the from 6.5 to 7.5. Also it was noticed the pH is not only the drinking water standard is 0.3 mg/l. The study region is parameter to fix the quality of the drinking water, many having very low amount of iron content and all the other parameters also taken into an account to fix the stations except 7 and 8, they are on the verge limit of 0.3 water quality for drinking purpose. The figure 3 shows mg/l. The desirable limit of nitrate content in the drinking the different concentrations of pH in the study area. The water study are in the within limit and the station 6 have analyzed samples show the hardness ranges from 220 high value of nitrate value greater than the permissible mg/l to 800 mg/l. All other stations are in the moderate limit. The fluoride concentration ranges between 1 to 2 range of 590, 670, 700, 600, 470, 650, 550, 750, 380, mg/l. Stations 5, 7 and 10 exceeded the desirable amount 400, 450 and 350 mg/l respectively. The figure 4 shows of fluoride for drinking purposes. the different ranges of hardness in the study area. The desirable limit of TDS as per Indian standard is 500 mg/l 5. Conclusion [18-21]. TDS in the study are falling in the range of 948 to 2112 mg/l. All Stations has the high TDS content that The study says that some of the parameters analysed in are not within the range. In this current study the the study area are higher and abnormal exceeding its alkalinity varies from 190 to 540 mg/l whereas the permissible limit. The exceeding permissible limit may stations 2, 3, 8 and are found with high alkalinity. The cause severe water quality problems within the study stations 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 10 are moderate area. It shows that the water quality in the Maduravoyal and ranges between 190 to 390 mg/l. It is noticed from area is very poor and completely unfit for drinking the study that the chlorides too have high range of values purpose and needs strong treatment before use.
Table 1. Indian standard protocols for drinking water parameters
Desirable Permissible S. NO Parameter limit limits
1 pH 6.5-8.5 No relaxation
Total hardness 2 300 600 (mg/l) 3 Chlorides (mg/l) 250 1000 4 TDS (mg/l) 500 1000 5 Nitrate (mg/l) 45 100 Total alkaline 6 200 350 (mg/l) 7 Fluorides (mg/l) 0.6 to 1.2 1.5 8 Iron (mg/l) 0.3 1
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Table 2. Physico-chemical analysis of Ground water in Maduravoyal, Chennai (2014)
Sample pH Total Total Chlorides TDS Nitrate Iron Fluoride Phosphat stations Alkalinity Hardnes s e s 1 7 360 590 310 1512 20 0 1.5 1 2 7 540 670 400 1932 45 0 1 2 3 7.5 500 700 400 1920 45 0.3 1.5 0 4 7 250 600 280 1356 45 0.3 1 1 5 7 270 470 250 1188 45 0 2 0.5 6 7 400 650 290 1608 75 0 1.5 2 7 7.5 190 550 360 1320 20 2 2 0.5 8 7.5 590 750 420 2112 45 1 1.5 2 9 7 340 220 320 1056 20 0 1 0.5 10 7.5 350 380 370 1320 45 0 2 0.5 11 7 500 800 500 2160 45 0 1 5 12 7 390 400 310 1320 20 0 1.5 2 13 7 350 400 330 1926 20 0.3 1 2 14 7 330 450 310 1188 20 0.3 1.5 0.5 15 6.5 200 350 240 948 45 0 1 0
pH -No Unit, and rest of the other parameters are mg/l
Figure 1. Alkalinity at different stations
Figure 2. pH concentration at different stations
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Figure 3. Levels of Chlorides at different stations
Figure 4. Total Dissolved Solids at different stations
Figure 5 . Iron Level at different stations
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