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Global Regional Climates GlobalGlobal RegionalRegional ClimatesClimates OLLIOLLI LoudounLoudoun CampusCampus JanuaryJanuary 2828 -- FebruaryFebruary 1818 20102010 BarryBarry HaackHaack GMUGMU GeographyGeography RegionalRegional ClimatologyClimatology AverageAverage weatherweather conditionsconditions VariationVariation overover spacespace ratherrather thanthan timetime InformsInforms onon environmentalenvironmental andand economiceconomic conditionsconditions andand opportunitiesopportunities ManyMany classificationclassification systemssystems OriginallyOriginally basedbased onon naturalnatural vegetationvegetation StatisticallyStatistically basedbased todaytoday ClimateClimate ControlsControls LatitudeLatitude GlobalGlobal windwind andand pressurepressure beltsbelts DistributionDistribution ofof landland andand waterwater AltitudeAltitude Mountain/topographicMountain/topographic barriersbarriers OceanOcean currentscurrents Man?Man? ClimateClimate ClassClass ParametersParameters KoppenKoppen symbolssymbols andand namename CausesCauses andand controlscontrols TempTemp characteristicscharacteristics PrecipitationPrecipitation characteristicscharacteristics SoilsSoils NaturalNatural vegetationvegetation ManMan ’’ss utilizationutilization LocationLocation SoilSoil PhysicalPhysical andand ChemicalChemical PropertiesProperties TextureTexture StructureStructure ConsistencyConsistency PorosityPorosity PermeabilityPermeability ColorColor ChemicalChemical compositioncomposition SoilSoil ChangeChange FactorsFactors ParentParent materialmaterial ClimateClimate TopographyTopography TimeTime BiosphereBiosphere ComprehensiveComprehensive SoilSoil ClassificationClassification SystemSystem GlobalGlobal HierarchicalHierarchical 1111 OrdersOrders 4747 suborderssuborders 230230 GreatGreat SoilSoil GroupsGroups ThreeThree lowerlower levelslevels (Fairfax(Fairfax Co.Co. 1955,1955, ~75~75 soilsoil classes)classes) SoilSoil FormingForming ProcessesProcesses LaterizationLaterization PodsolizationPodsolization CalcificationCalcification SalinizationSalinization GleizationGleization NaturalNatural VegetationVegetation BiomesBiomes ForestsForests GrasslandsGrasslands SavannaSavanna TundraTundra DesertDesert PhysicalPhysical DescriptorsDescriptors ofof VegetationVegetation LifeLife formform PlantPlant sizesize andand stratificationstratification PercentPercent covercover PeriodicityPeriodicity LeafLeaf sizesize andand shapeshape LeafLeaf TextureTexture VegetationVegetation ChangeChange FactorsFactors ClimateClimate TopographyTopography SoilSoil BioticBiotic TimeTime WorldWorld ClimateClimate ClassificationClassification ModifiedModified KK ööppenppen SystemSystem A.A. TropicalTropical HumidHumid C. Mild Midlatitude TropicalTropical wetwet Humid subtropical TropicalTropical savannasavanna Marine west coast TropicalTropical monsoonmonsoon Mediterranean B.B. DryDry D. Severe Midlatitude DesertDesert Humid continental warmwarm andand coolcool Subarctic SteppeSteppe E. Polar warmwarm andand coolcool Tundra Ice cap H. Highland ClimateClimate ZonesZones andand TypesTypes A.A. TropicalTropical HumidHumid TropicalTropical rainforestrainforest AfAf TropicalTropical monsoonmonsoon AmAm TropicalTropical savannasavanna AwAw TropicalTropical RainforestRainforest AfAf LowLow LatitudeLatitude EquatorialEquatorial LowLow Hot,Hot, lowlow annualannual range,range, highhigh diurnaldiurnal WetWet 8080 --100100 inchesinches Laterization,Laterization, OxisolsOxisols BroadleafBroadleaf evergreenevergreen forest,forest, epiphytes,epiphytes, lianaslianas LowLow population,population, slashslash andand burn,burn, forestryforestry AmazonAmazon Basin,Basin, ZaireZaire Basin,Basin, IndonesiaIndonesia TropicalTropical MonsoonMonsoon AmAm MonsoonMonsoon CirculationCirculation SystemSystem Hot,Hot, lowlow annualannual range,range, highhigh diurnaldiurnal WetWet andand dry,dry, veryvery wetwet 100100 --500500 inchesinches Laterization,Laterization, inceptisolsinceptisols onon floodplainsfloodplains BroadleafBroadleaf evergreen,evergreen, somesome deciduousdeciduous SlashSlash andand burn,burn, timber,timber, rice*,rice*, densedense populationspopulations alongalong riversrivers SouthSouth AsiaAsia Coasts,Coasts, Philipines,Philipines, WestWest Africa,Africa, AmazonAmazon Coast,Coast, Tropical Monsoon Climate (Am) IG4e_07_11 TropicalTropical SavannaSavanna AwAw TransitionTransition climateclimate SubtropicalSubtropical high,high, winterwinter EquatorialEquatorial low,low, summersummer WetWet andand dry,dry, 3030 --5050 inchesinches OxisolsOxisols andand vertisolsvertisols SavannaSavanna LowLow population,population, grazing,grazing, agricultureagriculture Africa,Africa, No.No. Australia,Australia, Llanos,Llanos, CamposCampos India,India, extensiveextensive MidMid LatitudeLatitude CC ClimatesClimates HumidHumid subtropicalsubtropical CfaCfa MediterraneanMediterranean CsaCsa (b)(b) MarineMarine westwest coastcoast CfbCfb HumidHumid SubtropicalSubtropical CfaCfa MidMid Lat,Lat, 2525 --4040 degrees,degrees, extensiveextensive PolewardPoleward sideside ofof marinemarine subtropicalsubtropical highhigh MildMild winter,winter, hothot summersummer 3030 --100100 in,in, convectiveconvective andand cycloniccyclonic OxisolsOxisols andand alfisolsalfisols MixedMixed vegetationvegetation HighHigh pop,pop, forestry,forestry, agricultureagriculture SEUS,SEUS, Pampas,Pampas, China,China, Japan,Japan, SESE AustraliaAustralia MediterraneanMediterranean CsaCsa (b)(b) MidMid Lat,Lat, 3030 --4040 degrees,degrees, limitedlimited EquatorialEquatorial sideside ofof marinemarine subtropicalsubtropical highhigh Westerlies,Westerlies, coolcool oceanocean currentcurrent MildMild winter,winter, warmwarm summersummer SeasonalSeasonal (s),(s), 1515 --3030 inchesinches OxisolsOxisols andand alfisolsalfisols Chapparal,Chapparal, schlerophylousschlerophylous HighHigh pop,pop, agriculture,agriculture, tourismtourism WestWest sideside ofof continents,continents, California,California, CentralCentral Chile,Chile, MediterraneanMediterranean BasinBasin MarineMarine WestWest CoastCoast CfbCfb MidMid Lat,Lat, 4040 --6565 degrees,degrees, westwest sideside continentscontinents Westerlies,Westerlies, warmwarm oceanocean currentcurrent MildMild winterswinters andand summerssummers forfor latitudelatitude 2020 --3535 in.in. Europe,Europe, 100100 --200200 inin NWUS,NWUS, fogfog SpodosolsSpodosols US,US, AlfisolsAlfisols EuropeEurope Forests,Forests, NeedleleafNeedleleaf US,US, BroadleafBroadleaf EuropeEurope Lumbering,Lumbering, agricultureagriculture PolewardPoleward Csa,Csa, NWUS,NWUS, Europe,Europe, So.So. ChileChile So.So. Australia,Australia, NewNew ZealandZealand HumidHumid ContinentalContinental DfaDfa (b)(b) HighHigh middlemiddle latitude,latitude, landland controlledcontrolled SevereSevere winters,winters, hothot summersummer daysdays 2525 --3535 inches,inches, f,f, convectiveconvective andand cycloniccyclonic BroadleafBroadleaf deciduousdeciduous forestforest AlfisolsAlfisols HighHigh population,population, agriculture,agriculture, forestryforestry industrialindustrial No.No. Hemisphere,Hemisphere, GreatGreat lakes,lakes, RussiaRussia SubarcticSubarctic DfcDfc (d)(d) HighHigh latitude,latitude, polarpolar airair mass,mass, continentalcontinental SevereSevere winter,winter, hothot summersummer days,days, greatestgreatest annualannual rangerange >100>100 degreesdegrees 1515 --2525 in,in, f,f, cyclonic,cyclonic, effectiveeffective NeedleleafNeedleleaf evergreenevergreen forestforest Spodosols,Spodosols, podsolizationpodsolization inceptisolsinceptisols onon permafrostpermafrost LowLow pop,pop, hunting,hunting, fishing,fishing, lumber,lumber, minesmines No.No. Hemi,Hemi, Canada,Canada, No.No. EurasiaEurasia TundraTundra ETET HighHigh latitude,latitude, polarpolar airair massesmasses ColdCold winter,winter, shortshort summer,summer, nearnear oceanocean 1010 --1212 in,in, cyclonic,cyclonic, summersummer TundraTundra vegetationvegetation Inceptisols,Inceptisols, permafrost,permafrost, gleizationgleization LowLow pop.pop. Eskimos,Eskimos, Inuit,Inuit, miningmining No.No. Canada,Canada, No.No. Eurasia,Eurasia, AntarcticAntarctic fringefringe IcecapIcecap EFEF HighHigh latitude,latitude, polarpolar airair massmass Cold,Cold, allall meanmean momo temptemp <32<32 degreesdegrees LowLow percipitation,percipitation, snowsnow NoNo soilsoil NoNo vegveg NoNo utilization,utilization, explorationexploration Greenland,Greenland, interiorinterior AntarcticaAntarctica HighlandHighland HH SameSame asas ETET oror EFEF ElevatedElevated MajorMajor mountainmountain areas,areas, Rockies,Rockies, Andes,Andes, Alps,Alps, TibetianTibetian plateauplateau SteppeSteppe BShBSh (k)(k) TransitionTransition climateclimate VariedVaried temp,temp, functionfunction ofof latitudelatitude UnderUnder 2020 inches,inches, erraticerratic ShortShort grassesgrasses Mollisols,Mollisols, calcificationcalcification LowLow population,population, agriculture,agriculture, livestocklivestock Extensive,Extensive, nearnear allall desertsdeserts DesertDesert BWhBWh (k)(k) ThreeThree types,types, lowlow lat,lat, westwest coast,coast, interiorinterior TempTemp functionfunction ofof latitude,latitude, highhigh diurnaldiurnal Dry,Dry, <10<10 inches,inches, erraticerratic DesertDesert shrubshrub Aridisols,Aridisols, desertificationdesertification LowLow pop.,pop., nomaticnomatic herding,herding, retirementretirement 2525 %% landland surface,surface, manymany locationslocations Thank you! .
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