GlobalGlobal RegionalRegional ClimatesClimates

 OLLIOLLI

 LoudounLoudoun CampusCampus

 JanuaryJanuary 2828 -- FebruaryFebruary 1818 20102010

 BarryBarry HaackHaack

 GMUGMU GeographyGeography RegionalRegional ClimatologyClimatology

 AverageAverage weatherweather conditionsconditions

 VariationVariation overover spacespace ratherrather thanthan timetime

 InformsInforms onon environmentalenvironmental andand economiceconomic conditionsconditions andand opportunitiesopportunities

 ManyMany classificationclassification systemssystems

 OriginallyOriginally basedbased onon naturalnatural vegetationvegetation

 StatisticallyStatistically basedbased todaytoday ClimateClimate ControlsControls

 LatitudeLatitude

 GlobalGlobal windwind andand pressurepressure beltsbelts

 DistributionDistribution ofof landland andand waterwater

 AltitudeAltitude

 Mountain/topographicMountain/topographic barriersbarriers

 OceanOcean currentscurrents

 Man?Man?

ClimateClimate ClassClass ParametersParameters

 KoppenKoppen symbolssymbols andand namename

 CausesCauses andand controlscontrols

 TempTemp characteristicscharacteristics

 PrecipitationPrecipitation characteristicscharacteristics

 SoilsSoils

 NaturalNatural vegetationvegetation

 ManMan ’’ss utilizationutilization

 LocationLocation SoilSoil PhysicalPhysical andand ChemicalChemical PropertiesProperties

 TextureTexture

 StructureStructure

 ConsistencyConsistency

 PorosityPorosity

 PermeabilityPermeability

 ColorColor

 ChemicalChemical compositioncomposition SoilSoil ChangeChange FactorsFactors

 ParentParent materialmaterial

 ClimateClimate

 TopographyTopography

 TimeTime

 BiosphereBiosphere ComprehensiveComprehensive SoilSoil ClassificationClassification SystemSystem

 GlobalGlobal

 HierarchicalHierarchical

 1111 OrdersOrders

 4747 suborderssuborders

 230230 GreatGreat SoilSoil GroupsGroups

 ThreeThree lowerlower levelslevels

 (Fairfax(Fairfax Co.Co. 1955,1955, ~75~75 soilsoil classes)classes) SoilSoil FormingForming ProcessesProcesses

 LaterizationLaterization

 PodsolizationPodsolization

 CalcificationCalcification

 SalinizationSalinization

 GleizationGleization NaturalNatural VegetationVegetation BiomesBiomes

 ForestsForests

 GrasslandsGrasslands

 SavannaSavanna

 TundraTundra

 DesertDesert PhysicalPhysical DescriptorsDescriptors ofof VegetationVegetation

 LifeLife formform

 PlantPlant sizesize andand stratificationstratification

 PercentPercent covercover

 PeriodicityPeriodicity

 LeafLeaf sizesize andand shapeshape

 LeafLeaf TextureTexture VegetationVegetation ChangeChange FactorsFactors

 ClimateClimate

 TopographyTopography

 SoilSoil

 BioticBiotic

 TimeTime WorldWorld ClimateClimate ClassificationClassification ModifiedModified KK ööppenppen SystemSystem A.A. TropicalTropical HumidHumid C. Mild Midlatitude TropicalTropical wetwet Humid subtropical TropicalTropical savannasavanna Marine west coast TropicalTropical monsoonmonsoon Mediterranean B.B. DryDry D. Severe Midlatitude DesertDesert Humid continental warmwarm andand coolcool Subarctic SteppeSteppe E. Polar warmwarm andand coolcool Tundra Ice cap H. Highland ClimateClimate ZonesZones andand TypesTypes A.A. TropicalTropical HumidHumid TropicalTropical rainforestrainforest AfAf TropicalTropical monsoonmonsoon AmAm TropicalTropical savannasavanna AwAw TropicalTropical RainforestRainforest AfAf

LowLow LatitudeLatitude EquatorialEquatorial LowLow Hot,Hot, lowlow annualannual range,range, highhigh diurnaldiurnal WetWet 8080 --100100 inchesinches Laterization,Laterization, OxisolsOxisols BroadleafBroadleaf evergreenevergreen forest,forest, epiphytes,epiphytes, lianaslianas LowLow population,population, slashslash andand burn,burn, forestryforestry AmazonAmazon Basin,Basin, ZaireZaire Basin,Basin, IndonesiaIndonesia

TropicalTropical MonsoonMonsoon AmAm

MonsoonMonsoon CirculationCirculation SystemSystem Hot,Hot, lowlow annualannual range,range, highhigh diurnaldiurnal WetWet andand dry,dry, veryvery wetwet 100100 --500500 inchesinches Laterization,Laterization, inceptisolsinceptisols onon floodplainsfloodplains BroadleafBroadleaf evergreen,evergreen, somesome deciduousdeciduous SlashSlash andand burn,burn, timber,timber, rice*,rice*, densedense populationspopulations alongalong riversrivers SouthSouth AsiaAsia Coasts,Coasts, Philipines,Philipines, WestWest ,Africa, AmazonAmazon Coast,Coast, Tropical (Am) IG4e_07_11 TropicalTropical SavannaSavanna AwAw

TransitionTransition climateclimate SubtropicalSubtropical high,high, winterwinter EquatorialEquatorial low,low, summersummer WetWet andand dry,dry, 3030 --5050 inchesinches OxisolsOxisols andand vertisolsvertisols SavannaSavanna LowLow population,population, grazing,grazing, agricultureagriculture Africa,Africa, No.No. ,Australia, Llanos,Llanos, CamposCampos ,India, extensiveextensive

MidMid LatitudeLatitude CC ClimatesClimates

HumidHumid subtropicalsubtropical CfaCfa MediterraneanMediterranean CsaCsa (b)(b) MarineMarine westwest coastcoast CfbCfb HumidHumid SubtropicalSubtropical CfaCfa

MidMid Lat,Lat, 2525 --4040 degrees,degrees, extensiveextensive PolewardPoleward sideside ofof marinemarine subtropicalsubtropical highhigh MildMild ,winter, hothot summersummer 3030 --100100 in,in, convectiveconvective andand cycloniccyclonic OxisolsOxisols andand alfisolsalfisols MixedMixed vegetationvegetation HighHigh pop,pop, forestry,forestry, agricultureagriculture SEUS,SEUS, Pampas,Pampas, China,China, Japan,Japan, SESE AustraliaAustralia

MediterraneanMediterranean CsaCsa (b)(b)

MidMid Lat,Lat, 3030 --4040 degrees,degrees, limitedlimited EquatorialEquatorial sideside ofof marinemarine subtropicalsubtropical highhigh Westerlies,Westerlies, coolcool oceanocean currentcurrent MildMild winter,winter, warmwarm summersummer SeasonalSeasonal (s),(s), 1515 --3030 inchesinches OxisolsOxisols andand alfisolsalfisols Chapparal,Chapparal, schlerophylousschlerophylous HighHigh pop,pop, agriculture,agriculture, tourismtourism WestWest sideside ofof continents,continents, California,California, CentralCentral Chile,Chile, MediterraneanMediterranean BasinBasin

MarineMarine WestWest CoastCoast CfbCfb

MidMid Lat,Lat, 4040 --6565 degrees,degrees, westwest sideside continentscontinents Westerlies,Westerlies, warmwarm oceanocean currentcurrent MildMild winterswinters andand summerssummers forfor latitudelatitude 2020 --3535 in.in. Europe,Europe, 100100 --200200 inin NWUS,NWUS, fogfog SpodosolsSpodosols US,US, AlfisolsAlfisols EuropeEurope Forests,Forests, NeedleleafNeedleleaf US,US, BroadleafBroadleaf EuropeEurope Lumbering,Lumbering, agricultureagriculture PolewardPoleward Csa,Csa, NWUS,NWUS, Europe,Europe, So.So. ChileChile So.So. Australia,Australia, NewNew ZealandZealand

HumidHumid ContinentalContinental DfaDfa (b)(b)

HighHigh middlemiddle latitude,latitude, landland controlledcontrolled SevereSevere ,winters, hothot summersummer daysdays 2525 --3535 inches,inches, f,f, convectiveconvective andand cycloniccyclonic BroadleafBroadleaf deciduousdeciduous forestforest AlfisolsAlfisols HighHigh population,population, agriculture,agriculture, forestryforestry industrialindustrial No.No. Hemisphere,Hemisphere, GreatGreat lakes,lakes, RussiaRussia

SubarcticSubarctic DfcDfc (d)(d)

HighHigh latitude,latitude, polarpolar airair mass,mass, continentalcontinental SevereSevere winter,winter, hothot summersummer days,days, greatestgreatest annualannual rangerange >100>100 degreesdegrees 1515 --2525 in,in, f,f, cyclonic,cyclonic, effectiveeffective NeedleleafNeedleleaf evergreenevergreen forestforest Spodosols,Spodosols, podsolizationpodsolization inceptisolsinceptisols onon permafrostpermafrost LowLow pop,pop, hunting,hunting, fishing,fishing, lumber,lumber, minesmines No.No. Hemi,Hemi, Canada,Canada, No.No. EurasiaEurasia

TundraTundra ETET

HighHigh latitude,latitude, polarpolar airair massesmasses ColdCold winter,winter, shortshort ,summer, nearnear oceanocean 1010 --1212 in,in, cyclonic,cyclonic, summersummer TundraTundra vegetationvegetation Inceptisols,Inceptisols, permafrost,permafrost, gleizationgleization LowLow pop.pop. Eskimos,Eskimos, Inuit,Inuit, miningmining No.No. Canada,Canada, No.No. Eurasia,Eurasia, AntarcticAntarctic fringefringe

IcecapIcecap EFEF

HighHigh latitude,latitude, polarpolar airair massmass Cold,Cold, allall meanmean momo temptemp <32<32 degreesdegrees LowLow percipitation,percipitation, snowsnow NoNo soilsoil NoNo vegveg NoNo utilization,utilization, explorationexploration Greenland,Greenland, interiorinterior AntarcticaAntarctica

HighlandHighland HH

SameSame asas ETET oror EFEF ElevatedElevated MajorMajor mountainmountain areas,areas, Rockies,Rockies, Andes,Andes, Alps,Alps, TibetianTibetian plateauplateau

SteppeSteppe BShBSh (k)(k)

TransitionTransition climateclimate VariedVaried temp,temp, functionfunction ofof latitudelatitude UnderUnder 2020 inches,inches, erraticerratic ShortShort grassesgrasses Mollisols,Mollisols, calcificationcalcification LowLow population,population, agriculture,agriculture, livestocklivestock Extensive,Extensive, nearnear allall desertsdeserts

DesertDesert BWhBWh (k)(k)

ThreeThree types,types, lowlow lat,lat, westwest coast,coast, interiorinterior TempTemp functionfunction ofof latitude,latitude, highhigh diurnaldiurnal Dry,Dry, <10<10 inches,inches, erraticerratic DesertDesert shrubshrub Aridisols,Aridisols, desertificationdesertification LowLow pop.,pop., nomaticnomatic herding,herding, retirementretirement 2525 %% landland surface,surface, manymany locationslocations

Thank you!