The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos Pdf
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The Multiverse: Conjecture, Proof, and Science
The multiverse: conjecture, proof, and science George Ellis Talk at Nicolai Fest Golm 2012 Does the Multiverse Really Exist ? Scientific American: July 2011 1 The idea The idea of a multiverse -- an ensemble of universes or of universe domains – has received increasing attention in cosmology - separate places [Vilenkin, Linde, Guth] - separate times [Smolin, cyclic universes] - the Everett quantum multi-universe: other branches of the wavefunction [Deutsch] - the cosmic landscape of string theory, imbedded in a chaotic cosmology [Susskind] - totally disjoint [Sciama, Tegmark] 2 Our Cosmic Habitat Martin Rees Rees explores the notion that our universe is just a part of a vast ''multiverse,'' or ensemble of universes, in which most of the other universes are lifeless. What we call the laws of nature would then be no more than local bylaws, imposed in the aftermath of our own Big Bang. In this scenario, our cosmic habitat would be a special, possibly unique universe where the prevailing laws of physics allowed life to emerge. 3 Scientific American May 2003 issue COSMOLOGY “Parallel Universes: Not just a staple of science fiction, other universes are a direct implication of cosmological observations” By Max Tegmark 4 Brian Greene: The Hidden Reality Parallel Universes and The Deep Laws of the Cosmos 5 Varieties of Multiverse Brian Greene (The Hidden Reality) advocates nine different types of multiverse: 1. Invisible parts of our universe 2. Chaotic inflation 3. Brane worlds 4. Cyclic universes 5. Landscape of string theory 6. Branches of the Quantum mechanics wave function 7. Holographic projections 8. Computer simulations 9. All that can exist must exist – “grandest of all multiverses” They can’t all be true! – they conflict with each other. -
Multiverse Assumptions and Philosophy
Multiverse Assumptions and Philosophy James R. Johnson1 MBA, BS I. E. Retired (Dallas, Texas, USA) E-mail: [email protected] Multiverses are predictions based on theories. Focusing on each theory’s assumptions is key to evaluating a proposed multiverse. Although accepted theories of particle physics and cosmology contain non-intuitive features, multiverse theories entertain a host of “strange” assumptions classified as metaphysical (outside objective experience, concerned with fundamental nature of reality, ideas that cannot be proven right or wrong) topics such as: infinity, duplicate yous, hypothetical fields, more than three space dimensions, Hilbert space, advanced civilizations, and reality established by mathematical relationships. It is easy to confuse multiverse proposals because many divergent models exist. This overview defines the characteristics of eleven popular multiverse proposals. The characteristics compared are: initial conditions, values of constants, laws of nature, number of space dimensions, number of universes, and fine tuning explanations. Future scientific experiments may validate selected assumptions; but until they do, proposals by philosophers may be as valid as theoretical scientific theories. Keywords: multiverse, metaphysics, philosophy, inflation, string theory, cyclic universe, Loop Quantum Gravity, simulated universe, ultimate universe, fine tuning, infinity Received 15 January 2017; accepted 20 March 2017 Philosophy and Cosmology, Volume 20, 2018: 8-17 DOI: 10.29202/phil-cosm/20/1 Introduction A multiverse (many universes) is a prediction based on a theory or hypothesis. The theory in turn, is predicated on assumptions. However, it is convenient to gloss over the assumptions when contemplating the bizarre ramifications envisioned, such as an infinite number of duplicate yous living in alternate universes. -
Multiverse Discourse As a Scene of Response
“Why These Laws?”— Multiverse Discourse as a Scene of Response Jacob Pearce University of Melbourne This paper traces the emergence of “why” questions in modern cosmology and the responding proliferation of multiverse discourse in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Critics who see speculative theorizing as delving into the metaphysical are not hard to find. George Ellis’ concern that we are entering a new era of ‘cosmological myth’ resonates with the 1937 debate re- garding “cosmythology” and the shifting boundary between physics and meta- physics. However, the charge that multiverse proposals are nothing but speculative metaphysics can be considered in terms other than criteria relating to empirical testability. A historicist reading of what metaphysics represents in this context is presented in order to emphasize that “metaphysical” as a pejo- rative term in science discourse is a fluid and historically contingent concept. It appears that proposals are being considered metaphysical precisely when there is no consensus on what constitutes empirical testability. Drawing on the work of Nicholas Jardine, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger and Christopher Hookway, I argue that in cosmology during this period, particularly in relation to multiverse proposals, there appears a well-defined “scene of response”, rather than of fully-fledged inquiry. Thus, intelligible questions may be considered meta- physical, but not timelessly so. 1. Introduction By the end of the twentieth century, many prominent cosmologists were fascinated by the questions why is the universe the way it is, and why does the universe appear to be just right for life to emerge.1 Indeed, the shift to 1. -
The Multiverse • Mariusz P
The The Multiverse • Mariusz P. Dąbrowski, Ana Alonso-Serrano • Mariusz P. and Thomas Naumann The Multiverse Edited by Mariusz P. Dąbrowski, Ana Alonso-Serrano and Thomas Naumann Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Universe www.mdpi.com/journal/universe The Multiverse The Multiverse Special Issue Editors Mariusz P. D¸abrowski Ana Alonso-Serrano Thomas Naumann MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Mariusz P. Da¸browski Ana Alonso-Serrano Thomas Naumann Institute of Physics, Max-Planck Institute for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron University of Szczecin Gravitational Physics, DESY Poland Albert Einstein Institute Germany Germany Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Universe (ISSN 2218-1997) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/universe/special issues/ the multiverse). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03928-867-0 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03928-868-7 (PDF) c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. -
The Hidden Reality Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos / by Brian Greene.—1St Ed
ALSO BY BRIAN GREENE Icarus at the Edge of Time The Fabric of the Cosmos The Elegant Universe THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF Copyright © 2011 Brian Greene All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. www.aaknopf.com Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greene, B. (Brian), [date] The hidden reality parallel universes and the deep laws of the cosmos / by Brian Greene.—1st ed. p. cm. eISBN: 978-0-307-59525-6 1. Physics—Philosophy. 2. Quantum theory. 3. General relativity (Physics) 4. Cosmology. I. Title. QC6.G6885 2011 530.12—dc22 2010042710 Jacket design by Peter Mendelsund v3.1 To Alec and Sophia Contents 1. The Bounds of Reality On Parallel Worlds 2. Endless Doppelgängers The Quilted Multiverse 3. Eternity and Infinity The Inflationary Multiverse 4. Unifying Nature’s Laws On the Road to String Theory 5. Hovering Universes in Nearby Dimensions The Brane and Cyclic Multiverses 6. New Thinking About an Old Constant The Landscape Multiverse 7. Science and the Multiverse On Inference, Explanation, and Prediction 8. The Many Worlds of Quantum Measurement The Quantum Multiverse 9. Black Holes and Holograms The Holographic Multiverse 10. Universes, Computers, and Mathematical Reality The Simulated and Ultimate Multiverses 11. The Limits of Inquiry Multiverses and the Future Notes Suggestions for Further Reading About the Author Preface If there was any doubt at the turn of the twentieth century, by the turn of the twenty-first, it was a foregone conclusion: when it comes to revealing the true nature of reality, common experience is deceptive. -
Multiverse Sanjaya Baral and Dhurba Chhetri St
Multiverse Sanjaya Baral and Dhurba Chhetri St. Xavier’s College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract: Multiverse scenarios in cosmology assume that other universes exist "beyond" our own universe. They are an exciting challenge both for empirical and theoretical research as well as for philosophy of science. They could be necessary to understand why the big bang occurred, why (some of) the laws of nature and the values of certain physical constants are the way they are, and why there is an arrow of time. This essay clarifies competing notions of "universe" and "multiverse"; it proposes a classification of different multiverse types according to various aspects how the universes are or are not separated from each other; it reviews the main reasons for assuming the existence of other universes: empirical evidence, theoretical explanation, and philosophical arguments. Keywords: Big bang, universe, multiverse, cosmic inflation, time, quantum gravity, string theory, laws of nature, physical constants, fine- tuning, anthropic principle, philosophy of science, metaphysics, falsifications 1. INTRODUCTION include Stephen Hawking, Steven Weinberg, Brian The multiverse (or meta-universe) is the hypothetical Greene, Max Tegmark, Alan Guth, Andrei Linde, set of infinite or finite possible universes (including Michio Kaku, David Deutsch, Leonard Susskind, the universe we consistently experience) that Raj Pathria, Sean Carroll, Alex Vilenkin,Laura together comprise everything that exists: the Mersini-Houghton, and Neil deGrasse Tyson. In entirety -
Introduction
Where Are We, Really? Parallel Universes, Fact or Fiction Lecture 1: A Film – Parallel Worlds, Parallel Lives Lecture 2: The Plurality of Worlds in Religion, Philosophy and Fiction – from Ancient Scriptures to Today’s Sci-Fi Lecture 3: Science’s Parallel Worlds – the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Reality Lecture 4: Science’s Parallel Worlds – the Multiverses of Big Bang and Inflation Theory, String Theory and M-Theory listen, there’s a hell of a good universe next door – let’s go -- e.e. cummings What’s a Parallel Universe? - A hypothetical separate or alternate reality … Coexists with one’s own reality What’s a Parallel Universe? - A hypothetical separate or alternate reality … Coexists with one’s own reality - What is reality? … Subjective vs. objective views … “Objective” view evolves throughout human history Pre-Copernican View of the Universe “Island Universe” c. 1880 The Modern View of the Universe Sloan Digital Sky Survey Composite Image (each point of light represents a galaxy) Max Tegmark - Professor of Physics at MIT - Classified parallel universe theories into 4 major categories or “levels” Max Tegmark (1967 - ) Tegmark’s Parallel Universe Levels Level Description Assumptions 1 Regions beyond our Infinite space, same laws of physics cosmic horizon 2 Multiple post-Big Bang Inflation, possibly different physical “bubbles” constants or dimensions in different “bubbles” 3 The “many worlds” of Quantum physics, quantum quantum physics computing; can coexist with Level 1 or Level 2 4 Other mathematical String theory and M-theory; whatever structures is mathematically possible is physically realizable Bibliography Deutsch, David. The Fabric of Reality (Penguin, 1998) Greene, Brian. -
The Elegant Universe by Brian Greene Review by Richard Rusczyk
The Elegant Universe by Brian Greene Review by Richard Rusczyk, If you've ever wondered what's the fuss with string theory or what the theory's all about and you're not willing to go through six years of postgraduate education to get the details, this is the book for you. In The Elegant Universe Brian Greene conveys the basics of the theory without delving into high level mathematics or physics, as well as describing the state of research today and the possible impact of string theory on cosmology (particularly black holes and the 'beginning' of the universe). Greene starts with brief descriptions of relativity and quantum mechanics. Don't be daunted by the words 'quantum mechanics' and 'relativity' - Greene's presentation of these topics is understandable without anything more than basic high school math and physical science. His book is fine for these topics, though if you're really interested in them, look elsewhere (for quantum mechanics, particularly In Search of Schrodinger's Cat and its sequel, Schrodinger's Kittens, by John Gribbin). Greene's quarry is string theory, not quantum mechanics or relativity. Greene then describes how quantum mechanics and relativity don't work and play well together - we don't yet have a neat theory to unify them. String theory is many physicists' current effort to come up with so-called Theory of Everything Einstein sought in vain during the final thirty years of his life. Greene presents the rudiments of string theory, doing a pretty good job introducing concepts such as rolled-up dimensions to the lay reader. -
DOES the MULTIVERSE REALLY EXIST? Proof of Parallel Universes Radically Di Erent from Our Own May Still Lie Beyond the Domain of Science by George F
COSMOLOGY DOES THE MULTIVERSE REALLY EXIST? Proof of parallel universes radically di erent from our own may still lie beyond the domain of science By George F. R. Ellis : universe we see around us is not the only one; that billions of other universes are out there, too. There is not one universe—there is a multiverse. In Scientifi c American articles and books such as Brian Greene’s latest, The Hidden Reality, leading scientists have spoken of a super-Copernican revolution. In this view, not only is our planet one among many, but even Iour entire universe is insignifi cant on the cosmic scale of things. It is just one of countless uni- verses, each doing its own thing. The word “multiverse” has di erent meanings. Astronomers are able to see out to a distance of about 42 billion light-years, our cosmic visual horizon. We have no reason to suspect the uni- verse stops there. Beyond it could be many—even infi nitely many—domains much like the one we see. Each has a di erent initial distribution of matter, but the same laws of physics operate in all. Nearly all cosmologists today (including me) accept this type of multiverse, which Max Tegmark calls “level 1.” Yet some go further. They suggest completely di erent kinds of univers- es, with di erent physics, di erent histories, maybe di erent numbers of spatial dimensions. Most will be sterile, although some will be teeming with life. A chief proponent of this “level 2” 38 Scientifi c American, August 2011 Photograph by Levi Brown sad0811Elli4p.indd 38 6/21/11 4:34 PM George F. -
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Until the End of Time Mind Matter and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe by Brian Greene Barb's Book Reviews
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Until the End of Time Mind Matter and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe by Brian Greene Barb's Book Reviews. Mysteries, Fiction, Non-Fiction, Memoirs, Literary Novels, Humor. all kinds of books. Saturday, October 10, 2020. Review of "Until the End of Time: Mind, Matter, and Our Search for Meaning in an Evolving Universe" by Brian Greene. Brian Greene is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician, and string theorist who writes books about science for the general public. Author Brian Greene. In this tome, Greene contemplates the universe, from it's inception to it's inevitable demise. Greene writes, "Planets and stars and solar systems and galaxies and even black holes are transitory. The end of each is driven by its own distinctive combination of physical processes, spanning quantum mechanics through general relativity, ultimately yielding a mist of particles drifting through a cold and quiet cosmos." We don't need to worry much about the end of the universe because it probably won't happen for trillions and trillions of years. On the other hand, the end for an individual living creature - like a human being - is much closer. Greene suggests that the knowledge of inevitable death drives people to leave a mark, to accomplish something that lasts beyond themselves. This may be the impetus that inspires scientists, scholars, artists, musicians, writers, etc. In fact it's what drives Greene himself. He writes, "I've gone forward with an eye trained on the long view, on seeking to accomplish something that would last." The decay of the universe is driven by the second law of thermodynamics, which says that the production of waste is unavoidable. -
Kathleen Jordan PHY 311 the Hidden Reality Review 1 May 2011 The
Kathleen Jordan PHY 311 The Hidden Reality Review 1 May 2011 The Hidden Reality Review For my final project, I read The Hidden Reality by Brian Greene. This book was by far better than any of the four books we read in class, and not necessarily because of fascinating topic of parallel universes. Even though I believe the topic of multiple universes to be mind blowing and incredibly interesting, the topic of alien life on habitable planets could just as easily bring that same level of interest to me. But due to the incredible skills of Brian Greene as a writer at both explaining concepts and creating excitement in a topic, this book left the other four books in the dust, including any book’s I’ve read on alien life. With that said, I would like to go a little into what The Hidden Reality was about in order to better explain why I thought this book was such a good read. The book begins discussing how if the universe extends infinitely in all directions, then there must be infinite copies of you and me out there in other infinite universes experiencing the different versions of our reality, where Greene humorously adds that in some universes we might not want to meet our alternate selves in a dark alley. Greene also gives good background on Einstein’s work including with general relativity and the big bang model to bring the reader up to date with what he is discussing. He brings up the problem with the two that the known idea of gravity and general relativity leads to problems when explaining the big bang. -
Inflation and Multiverses
Ination and Multiverses Eduardo Silva Araújo Wilhelm Krüeger 1 Ination 1.1 Arguments for Ination There are certain observable properties of the universe, which can not be ex- plained by the standard Big-Bang model. A modication of the model is needed, to explain these properties, without making to detailed assumptions. Flatness Problem The curvature of the observable universe is too small to be explained by a linear accelerated model without making very detailed assumptions. This problem can be solved by an ination model, which predicts an expo- nential expansion of the universe for a certain time. An expansion model, which results in a huge expansion after a short time, will lead to the cur- rently observable at curvature of the universe right now. Horizon Problem The horizon problem occurs because dierent regions in the event horizon of the now observable universe have a highly homogeneous temperature. But these regions are too far away from each other, to be in a causal contact. This results in diculties in explaining why these areas are in thermal equilibrium, when they didn't have the time to "know",what tem- perature the other areas have. Figure 1: Graphical description how the universe would have evolved without ination,[2]. 1 Figure 2: Graphical explanation of the expansion of the universe with ination,[2]. This can be explained, if again an exponential expansion is assumed. This would mean, that the universe at some point, was small enough for the areas to be in causal contact and after that expanded so drastically, that the possibility of causal contact is now eliminated.