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تحقیقات منابع آب ايران Volume 16, No سال شانزدهم، شماره 0، بهار 0366 تحقیقات منابع آب ايران Volume 16, No. 1, Spring 2020 (IR-WRR) Iran-Water Resources Research 261-274 پتانسیليابی منابع آب برای تخصیص به آبزیپروری از The Potential for Allocating Water Resources to Aquaculture from an بودجه آبی به حساب نیامده Unaccounted Water Budget 0 *0 علیرضا شکوهی و امید بهمنی A.R. Shokoohi * and O. Bahmani 22 چکیده Abstract این تحقیق با تمرکز بر مسأله صرفهجویی در استفاده از منابع آب شیرین در مناطق This research, based on the belief that modern aquaculture گرم و خشک با معرفی الگوریتمی ساده به پتانسیلیابی آبهای سطحی و زیرزمینی technologies in the form of intensive and super-intensive aquaculture methods can use water resources of low quality for غیر قابل تخصیص به بخشهای کشاورزی، شرب و صنعت پرداخته و با این پیش utilizing in other sectors, aims to focus on saving freshwater فرض که به کمک روشهای نوین آبزیپروری میتوان از این آبهای به ظاهر resources in arid and semi-arid areas. By introducing an نامرغوب استفاده کرد، مناطق مستعد از نظر تأمین آب برای آبزیپروری را شناسایی intelligent algorithm, this study tries to find the potential of مینماید. منطقه مورد مطالعه دراین پژوهش حوضههای آبریز 5 گانه واقع در مرزهای .non-allocated water for agriculture, industry, and drinking The study area includes Karun, Dez, Karkheh, Maroon-Jarahi سیاسی استان خوزستان شامل کارون، دز، کرخه، مارون- جراحی و زهره است که and Hendijan basins/plains located in Khuzestan province, for به کمک الگوریتم توسعه داده شده مناطق مستعد برای آبزیپروری در آنها تعیین و which the areas suitable for allocating water to aquaculture به صورت نقشه در محیط GIS ارائه گردید. برای دستیابی به اهداف ذکر شده، در were identified and mapped in GIS. Using the IRWQIsc مرحله اول کیفیت آب از نظر سﻻمت اکولوژیکی و کاربری عمومی ارزیابی شد و در method, water quality was firstly evaluated in terms of ecological health and general use and then based on the criteria مراحل بعد کیفیت آن از نظر شرب، کشاورزی و صنعت تعیین و مناطق فاقد پتانسیل of water quality for drinking, agriculture and industrial use the بهرهبرداری برای مصارف مزبور ولی مناسب برای آبزیپروری تعیین گردیدند. potential areas were investigated. The results showed that براساس نتایج بدست آمده بجز حوضه دز، در دیگر رودخانههای خوزستان میتوان except Dez River, up to 35% of the available water in other بطور متوسط تا 25 درصد حجم موجود را به بخش آبزیپروری تخصیص داد. این Khuzestan rivers can be allocated to the aquaculture sector on average. The suitable parts of the four Karun, Karkheh, حجم از جریان عموماً در بخش سفﻻی همه حوضههای چهارگانه کارون، کرخه، Maroon-Jarahi and Zohre-Hendijan Rivers are generally مارون- جراحی و زهره قرار داشته و میتواند در صورت تخصیص و البته با در نظر located in the lower parts of the basins. The achievements of گرفتن عوامل اقتصادی و اجتماعی، تراکم مزارع آبزیپروری را که بیشتر در سرآب the research allow decision-makers to redistribute the dense و میانه این حوضهها تجمع یافتهاند به این قسمتها منتقل و از بار عظیمی که بر aquaculture farms, mostly located in the upper and middle parts of the rivers, and to reduce the high pressure on those رودخانههای منطقه و بخصوص کارون وجود دارد، بکاهد. با توجه به دو عامل کیفیت parts of the rivers, especially on Karun River. Regarding both و افت سفرههای 32 گانه استان خوزستان تنها سه سفره اوان، هفتگل و زیدون برای factors of quality and critical condition of the water table, just استفاده در آبزیپروری قابل توصیه میباشند. الگوریتم ارائه شده و مفروضات مورد out of 23 aquifers of the Khuzestan province were 3 استفاده در توسعه آن برای اولین بار ارائه میگردد و دارای قابلیت عمومیسازی برای recommended for aquaculture development. The proposed algorithm and the assumptions used in its development, کاربرد در هر حوضه آبریز دیگر را داشته و ابزار ﻻزم برای چانهزنی در سطح کﻻن presented for the first time, have the capability of being برای گرفتن تخصیص برای آبزیپروری را فراهم مینماید. generalized for use in any other catchment and provide the necessary tools for large-scale negotiation to obtain optimum كلمات كلیدی: آبزیپروری، پتانسیلیابی، تخصیص، ارزیابی کیفی، .aquaculture allocation Keywords: Aquaculture, Potential Finding, Water Allocation, خوزستان. .Water Quality Assessment, Khuzestan Province تاریخ دریافت مقاله: 42/11/33 Received: February 11, 2020 تاریخ پذیرش مقاله: 44/3/32 Accepted: May 12, 2020 1- استاد دانشگاه بینالمللی امام خمینی )ره(، گروه مهندسی آب، قزوین، ایران. کد پستی: Professor of Water Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International 1- University, Qazvin, Iran. Email: [email protected] 2- Head of Natural Resources of Jihad Tahghighat Ab&Energy Company, 2919246212 3- مدیرگروه منابع طبیعی شرکت جهاد تحقیقات آب و انرژی، تهران، ایران. .Tehran, Iran *- نویسنده مسئول Corresponding Author -* بحث و مناظره (Discussion) در مورد این مقاله تا پایان تابستان 1244 امکانپذیر است. 261 0- مقدمه در خصوص ارزیابی کلی بدنه آبی بدون توجه به نوع مصرف، دو روش مرسوم NSFWQI2 که توسط US National Sanitation در سالیان اخیر آبزیپروری در بسیاری از مناطق دنیا هم از نظر Foundation توسعه یافته است )NSF, 2006( و روش IRWQIsc3 اشتغالزایی و هم از نظر تأمین امنیت غذایی مورد توجه قرار گرفته که توسط جمعی از محققین ایرانی توسعه یافته است، مورد استفاده است. این صنعت در کشورهای درحال توسعه به علت استفاده از قرار میگیرند )Hashemi et al., 2012(. شایان ذکر است که استفاده روشهای سنتی که به مفهوم استفاده از حجم زیادی از آب و سپس از هر دو روش در ادبیات مربوط به این موضوع در سطح کشور گزارش تخلیه مواد درون استخر پرورش ماهی به داخل آب رودخانه است، با شده و در سطح وسیعی از بدنههای آبی سطحی از رودخانه تا دریاچه چالشهای زیادی از نظر تأمین آب و سپس ایجاد مسائل زیست و تاﻻب از آنها استفاده شده است ) ,Shokoohi and Modaberi محیطی روبرو شده است. با توجه به محدودیت بهرهبرداری از آبهای 2019(. گزارشهایی در خصوص استفاده از این شاخص در ارزیابی شیرین، علیالخصوص در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک، اخیراً کیفیت منابع آبهای سطحی ایران در سالهای اخیر گزارش شده آبزیپروری در آبهای لبشور و شور مورد توجه قرار گرفته و گسترش است. (Mohseni Bandpey et al. (2014 در بررسی کیفیت رودخانه قابل توجهی داشته است، به طوریکه عمﻻً نیمی از تولیدات آبزیپروری گل گل ایﻻم از شاخص NSFWQI استفاده نمودند و با ذکر تواناییهای جهان به محیط آبهای لبشور و شور اختصاص دارد )FAO, 2012(. شاخص مورد استفاده، وضعیت رودخانه مذکور را در همه ایستگاهها و یکی از فعالیتهای مرتبط با صنعت آبزیپروری در آبهای داخلی، بهره در همه دورههای زمانی، خوب تا متوسط ارزیابی کردند. Sharifdini برداری اقتصادی از آبهای زیرزمینی در مناطقی است که تحت تأثیر (et al. (2014 در بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانه دوهزار در تنکابن، شوری قرار گرفتهاند. این مسأله از نقطه نظر اقتصادی، اجتماعی و شاخص NSFWQI را در بررسی کیفیت آب سطحی روشی مناسب زیست محیطی دارای اهمیت زیادی است ) Alizadeh and Bamani ارزیابی نمودند. (Sadeghi et al. (2015 با استفاده از دو شاخص Kharanagh, 2017(. این مشکل در کشورهایی نظیر ایران که در NSFWQI و IRWQISC به ارزیابی کیفیت آب رودخانه زرین گل در کمربند خشک دنیا قرار گرفتهاند، به علت اولویت رقیبانی همچون استان گلستان پرداخته و نتیجهگیری کردند که شاخص NSFWQI شرب، صنعت و کشاورزی برای تخصیص منابع آب شیرین و اندک در کیفیت آب رودخانه را متوسط ولی شاخص IRWQISC کیفیت همین دسترس، حادتر بوده و مانعی اساسی برای رشد صنعت شیﻻت شده رودخانه را متوسط تا نسبتاً خوب برآورد میکند. براساس نتایج حاصله، است. این تحقیق بر این باور شکل گرفته است که استفاده از روشهای محققین مذکور آب رودخانه را برای کشاورزی مناسب ولی برای شرب مدرن آبزیپروری به صورت متراکم و نیمه متراکم، میتواند از آبهایی نیازمند تصفیه تشخیص دادند. (Samadi (2016 با استفاده از شاخص که به علت مسائل کیفی در سایر بخشها غیرقابل استفاده قلمداد IRWQI به بررسی آلودگی تاﻻب چغاخور در استان چهارمحال و میشوند، بهرهبرداری نماید. براین اساس تحقیق حاضر قصد دارد با بختیاری با تحلیل تأثیرات کمی و کیفی پسابهای اراضی از دو بعد تمرکز بر مسأله صرفهجویی در استفاده از منابع آب شیرین در مناطق مکانی و زمانی بر کیفیت آب این تاﻻب پرداخت. .Alizadeh et al گرم و خشک با معرفی یک الگوریتم، به پتانسیلیابی آبهای غیر قابل (2017) با استفاده از شاخصهای IRWQISC ،NSFWQI و WQI تخصیص به دیگر مصرفکنندگان بپردازد و با یافتن منابع آبهای به بررسی کیفیت آب رودخانههای کرج و کن پرداختند. شاخص سطحی و زیرزمینی ظاهراً نامرغوب، با افزایش بهرهوری آب به کمک NSFWQI کیفیت آب رودخانههای تحت مطالعه را بد تا متوسط، روشهای نوین آبزیپروری، به اشتغالزایی و همچنین افزایش امنیت شاخص IRWQISC آنها را دارای کیفیت بسیار بد تا نسبتاً خوب و غذایی کشور کمک نماید. منطقه مورد مطالعه دراین پژوهش استان باﻻخره شاخص WQI کیفیت رودخانههای مذکور را خوب تشخیص خوزستان است که به کمک الگوریتم توسعه داده شده، مناطق فاقد دادند. براساس برآورد محققین مزبور از نتایج حاصل، آب این دو پتانسیل برای مصارف شرب، صنعت و کشاورزی در حوضه های آبریز رودخانه برای شرب و کشاورزی مناسب میباشند. همانطور که 5 گانه استان شامل کارون، دز، کرخه، مارون- جراحی و زهره شناسایی مﻻحظه میگردد محققین در استفاده از دو روش NSFWQI و شده و بر این اساس مناطق مستعد برای آبزیپروری تعیین و به صورت IRWQIsc بدون آنکه به صراحت توصیهای در خصوص استفاده از نقشه در محیط GIS1 ارائه میگردند. برای دستیابی به اهداف ذکر نتایج برای تجویز منبع آبی در صنعت، شرب یا کشاورزی داشته باشند، شده، در مرحله اول کیفیت آب از نظر سﻻمت اکولوژیکی و کاربری بیشتر به سﻻمت منبع آبهای سطحی از منظر حفظ شرایط اکولوژیکی عمومی ارزیابی شده و در مراحل بعد کیفیت آن از نظر شرب، کشاورزی توجه داشتهاند.
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