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Inscriptions from Western Cilicia. 225 Inscriptions From

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Inscriptions from Western Cilicia. 225 Inscriptions From INSCRIPTIONS FROM WESTERN CILICIA. 225 INSCRIPTIONS FROM WESTERN CILICIA. Alb Kai TOVS fxeTa (nrovdfjs btaypdyjravras fjniv ipos TOVOU (pvaiv T) fiias o~\rjiia 7r6XeG>s rj ffOTafiov fieyedos rj opovs KaXKos,—old rives iyfiij neiroir]Kaat, (ppatfivres ol piv TT)V "O<T<rav ol Se Trjv NuW, oi 8e TO KapvKiov avrpov, ol b~' onovv eTv\f Tav iiri p.epovs,—oiKTio-eiev av TIS Trjs ntKpo\jfvxias, ra rvx&vra eWejrAj/y/ieVous Kai fieya (ppovovvras eir\ dewpia fUKpa.—[ARISTOTLE], De Mundo Ad Alexandrum, 1. THERE is little danger of any reader nowadays sharing the sentiments of the Pseudo-Aristotle which I have placed at the head of this paper, or of being other than grateful to Mr. Bent for the remarkable discoveries made by him in Cilicia last year. Of the inscriptions which he brought home, either in copies or in squeezes, I have already published those from Eastern Cilicia in the last number of this Journal. Those that here follow are from Cilicia Tracheia. Shortly after Mr. Bent had been through these regions, Mr. Ramsay in company with Messrs. Hogarth and Headlam passed through the upper part of the Olban district, and made an excursion down to the coast expressly to re-copy the long temple-inscription, No. 27 infra. The heat of the lowlands prevented their doing more. They have rendered me all the help they could in editing these documents; several of them are from copies made only by Mr. Ramsay, and the long list of names from the temple over the Corycian Cave is here given from the careful copy of Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Hogarth. Since I began to prepare these inscriptions for the Journal, Mr. Ramsay's remarkable work has appeared on The Historical Geography of Asia Minor. This makes it unnecessary for me to preface these documents (as I had intended to do) with a sketch of the history of Western Cilicia. It will suffice for me to refer to Mr. Ramsay's work, especially pp. 371 foil., where he has laid out with great care the history of Cilicia Tracheia. On p. 22 and p. 460 of his book, he has paid a valuable tribute to Mr. Bent's discoveries, and the task of preparing these texts for the printer has been lightened by the recollec- tion of delightful days spent last September with Mr. Ramsay and Mr. Bent (both fresh from their Cilician travels) under the hospitable roof of Mr. W. R. Paton, himself no mean authority on the antiquities of Asia Minor.1 1 I have to thank Mr. Kamsay and Mr. To them are due the plans which accompany Hogarth for the trouble they have taken in Mr. Bent's and my papers, and also some addi- reading my proofs, and for valuable suggestions. tions to Mr. Bent's map. H.S.—VOL. XII. Q 226 INSCRIPTIONS FROM WESTERN CIL1CIA. Several features of this region which have been remarked by travellers will find illustration in these documents: (1) the frequency of important ruins, testifying to a large and industrious population; (2) the rarity of in- scriptions, indicating a low level of culture ; (3) connected with this, the difficulty of assigning its name to each site. It will be observed also that the inscriptions discovered by Mr. Bent cover a wide area of country and a long period of time. Some are pie-Roman, and belong to the prosperous days of the Gilician pirates. Others are of the earlier or of the later Roman period ; and some are Byzantine. In the oldest documents we find proof that the territory of the priest-kings of Olba reached down to the coast. After the suppression of piracy the power of Olba shrank, and the cities on the coast, e.g. Elaeussa-Sebaste, increased in wealth and importance. I.—INSCRIPTIONS FROM KANYGELLEIS, three miles from the coast at Ayash (Elaeussa-Sebaste), on the first mountain-heights, between Kizil-Oren and Kizil-Bagh. 1. ' On a fortress of polygonal masonry standing on the S. edge of a large depression similar to the Corycian Cave: on the fortress is carved the triskelis ^vx .' Squeeze by Mr. Bent. AIIOABini At IEPEY1TEYKPOS lepeix; Tev/cpo<; TAPKYAPIOS Tap/cvdpios (i.e. son of Tarcuaris). The letters are rather over 2 in. in height, and beautifully cut. They can hardly be later than 200 B.C.; compare No. 45. This inscription worthily heads our series, being the oldest Cilician document yet known. When this fortress was built, this district belonged to the territory of the priest-kings of Olba. The name Teucer is very important in connexion with Strabo, p. 672 : "ETJ 8' virepdev TOVTOV re icai TWV ~2,6Xa>v bpeivr\ icrnv, iv fj "OX/3r) Ato? lepbv e%ovaa, A'tavros iBpvfia TOV Tev/cpov xal 6 lepeix; iyivero T?7? Tpa^eocoTiSo^- etT* iiriOevTo TTJ %&>/»« rvpavvoi noWol, KOL aweary) TO, XrjaTijpia. fiera Se TOVTCOV /caraXvaiv e<p' r/fiwv i]Btj TTJV TOV Tev/cpov hvvaaTeiav Tavrrjv i/cd\ovv, rrjv S' aiirrjv KCU lepacrvvqv icai ol •7r\elo~To£ ye TSDV lepaaafieva>v mvofkaXpvro Tev/cpot rj 2. ' From the same fortress, on a lower stone.' Squeeze by Mr. Bent: cf. No. 1. EniSTATEONTOS T1AEISTAPXOY TOYriAEISTAPXOYOABEnS TOV UXeiaTap^ov 'OX/3ea>?. Rather smaller letters than in No. 1, but apparently of the same date. INSCRIPTIONS FROM WESTERN CILICIA. 227 3. On the face of the rock within the depression which Mr. Bent has called the Olbian Cave, but which I prefer to speak of as the Canygellian Cave. Above a bas-relief with six figures; the first part of the inscription is obliterated, and it was impossible to take a squeeze. It is given in a still less perfect form in Le Bas-Waddington, No. 1457. The following is Mr. Bent's copy. NE.C® . TH8EEPMAI0 . AP . MAPflONZANTONi/\l . TOYFTATEPANKAirYNAlKA I . YKAITABAYTHNKAIAIAMHTICAAIKHOTATOC 5 ... FTECANE . NENKAl . ® . ElCToNAPAXMAZXXXX Line 5 threatens a fine. I can make out only a word or two besides. 4. ' From the inside wall of a large heroon, 200 yards from the Olbian Cave; squeeze taken with difficulty on a ladder.' From the impression made by Mr. Bent. ABAKAAAirONOYTOYKAlKATTAIOYKAHPONOMOC OYCAAYAOYNlKANOPOCTOYAPIOYTOYANAPOC AYTHCKAINIfcANOPOCKAIAPIOYTWNTEKNWN AYTHCKATeNTOAHNKAIAIAGHKHNAPIOYTOY 5 ANAPOCeNTeAAOMAlKAlKeAeYlOKAIAIATAC COMAlMHA€NAeTePONTeeHNAieiCTOMN MATOAPIOYTTAeONAYTHCTHCABACKAlMeTA AYTHNAAAONMHAeNAHOnAPATAYTAnOI HCACHTWHCeBHkWCeiCTeTOYCKATAXGONIOYC 10 eeOYCezWAHCT6KAinANWAHCAYTOCTeonAPATA TAnOIHCACKAITOreNOCAYTOYKAIAnOAOTWTW TAMeiWTOYKYPIOYKAICAPOCX/nKAITHC€BACTHN nOACIX-fiKAITWAHMWkANYrHAAeWN*^* vacant KAITAKeA6YCeeKTAKAIAIATAreNTAYn 15 TOYANAPOCAYTHC 11 AqSeNTAEIN AlKYP NAIWNATOYAIWNOCKAIMHA6NI6ZON NlCACHKATAZeCACeCTAIYnCY NO €10 vacant After much study most of tlie letters have been recovered from the impression with tolerable certainty. The stone is much worn or weathered towards the bottom, especially at the beginnings of the lines. Certain portions of letters are visible in the last line, but they are too faint to warrant any safe suggestion. From line 11 onwards the lapidary left less margin becoming afraid lest he should be short of room on the slab. Q2 228 INSCRIPTIONS FROM WESTERN CILICIA. A/3a KaXKiyovov TOV xal Kairaiov, K\r)pov6fio<; ovcra AvKov Niiedvopos TOV 'Apiov TOV avhpbs TJs zeal NtArai/opo? /cat 'Apiov rap TeKvtov ^?, /car' ivToXrjv ical BiaOijicrjv 'Apiov TOV 5 avSpos ivreWofiai ical tceXevu) teal Biardcr- crofiai [i/qBeva erepov Tedrjvai els TO fiv[rj- fia TO 'Apiov ifXeov avTrjs Tij? vA/3a? ical fieTa avTT)v dWov firjBeva, r/ 6 irapa TavTa TTOI- rjcrat f/TO) rjae^rjKW'i 6i? T€ TOIK; KaTaj(6oviov<; 10 6eov<i e^ooXjjs Te ical TravcoXt)? avTOf re 6 irapa TO[V- TU 7roirjo-as Kai TO yevos CLVTOV, ical airoZoTCo TO5 TOV Kvpiov Kat'<ra/9O9 X f/,v(pia), ical TTJ 2,ef3ao-Tr)v[a>v X, ^, ical TOO Sij/J,(p 'K.avvyrjWefov $$,/3<f). Hov\o[j,ai ? Be] ical TO Ke\evo~8ei>Ta ical SiaTayevTa UTT[O 15 'Apiov] TOV avSpbs avT>j<; [ical yp\a<f>evTa elvai icvp[ia irdvTa et? TO\V alwva TOV alwvos, ical f/.rj8evl e£bv [elvai aSitceiv, 6 Be a<j>a]vi'aa<; fj KaTa^eaa^ eo-Tai VTrev[6v- vo[s K.T.X. The name Aba was borne by a daughter of Zenophanes, who obtained for herself the monarchy of Olba from Antony and Cleopatra (Strabo, xiv. p. 672). The present document is not earlier than the second century A.D. At this time the little town, whose ruins Mr. Bent discovered near the ' Olbian' Cave, was evidently subject to Sebaste (line 12), and no longer formed part of the territory of Olba (see on No. 1). Its name was 6 Bfjfios KavwyrfWitov (line 13). Sebaste was a very important town (Strabo, xiv. 671): it was built by Archelaus, king of Cappadocia, B.C. 36—A.D. 17 (Head, Hist. N. p. 633), to whom Augustus committed-the charge of Cilicia Tracheia, as needing the constant pressure of a strong government to keep piracy in check. The city was named "2,ej3ao-Trj after Augustus. The form rjTW, line 9, is worth noting; and the phrase et? TO]V al&va TOV alwvo<;, line 16. Et<? Toil1; alwvas TCOV al<ova>v is common in the LXX. and N. T.; the singular form is not uncommon in the Psalms (LXX.) and occurs once in the N. T., Heb. i. 8. We may perhaps attribute the phrase to Jewish influence. The site appears to be the spot described by V. Langlois, Rapport sur I'exploration archtologique de la Gilicie et de la petite Arminie pendant les annAes 1852—3, Paris; 1854, p. 10: 'Kannidali (ancienne ville ruinee). Sur l'un des nombreux rameaux de la chaine taurienne, et a deux heures environ d'Aiasch, se trouve une ville en ruines comme celle-ci, et dont les debris couvrent tout un plateau de la montagne.
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