RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE Tesis Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Menyelesaikan Pendi

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RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE Tesis Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Menyelesaikan Pendi RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE Tesis Disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan menyelesaikan Pendidikan Strata 2 Kebijakan Media Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Diponegoro RUTH MEI ULINA MALAU NIM : 14030111400007 MAGISTER ILMU KOMUNIKASI UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2013 SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Ruth Mei Ulina Malau Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 14030111400007 Tempat/Tanggal Lahir : Pematangsiantar/30 Mei 1988 Program Studi : Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Konsentrasi : Kebijakan Media Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa Tesis yang saya susun dengan judul: Resistensi Sang Liyan: Performa Perempuan dalam K-Pop MV di YouTube Adalah benar-benar hasil karya saya sendiri, dan bukan merupakan plagiat dan tesis atau karya ilmiah orang lain. Apabila di kemudian hari pernyataan saya tidak benar, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi akademis yang berlaku (dicabut predikat dan gelar magisternya). Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya, untuk dapat dipergunakan bilamana diperlukan. Semarang, 15 Juli 2013 Pembuat Pernyataan, Ruth Mei Ulina Malau ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TESIS RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE DISUSUN OLEH: RUTH MEI ULINA MALAU NIM : 14030111400007 Telah disetujui di depan Tim Penguji Semarang, Juli 2013 Pembimbing Dr. Sunarto NIP. 19660727 199203 1 001 iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TESIS NAMA : RUTH MEI ULINA MALAU NIM : 14030111400007 PROGRAM STUDI : KEBIJAKAN MEDIA JUDUL TESIS : RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE Pembimbing Tesis Dr. Sunarto NIP. 19660727 199203 1 001 Ketua Program Studi Dr. Sunarto NIP. 19660727 199203 1 001 iv HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TESIS NAMA : RUTH MEI ULINA MALAU NIM : 14030111400007 PROGRAM STUDI : KEBIJAKAN MEDIA JUDUL TESIS : RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE Telah dipertahankan dalam sidang ujian tesis Program Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Diponegoro, pada: Hari : Senin Tanggal : 15 Juli 2013 Pukul : 13.00 WIB Dan dinyatakan : LULUS PANITIA PENGUJI TESIS Pembimbing : Dr. Sunarto ( ) Ketua Sidang : Dr. Turnomo Rahardjo ( ) Sekretaris Sidang : Triyono Lukmantoro, S.Sos, M.Si ( ) Reader : Suzie Handajani, Phd ( ) v “When my soul was embittered, when I was pricked in heart, I was stupid and ignorant, I was like a beast toward thee. Nevertheless I am continually with thee; thou dost hold my right hand.” (Psalm 73:21-23, 1952 version) ● ● ● to my family, and to all young people suffering from a sense of inferiority. ● ● ● vi RESISTENSI SANG LIYAN: PERFORMA PEREMPUAN DALAM K-POP MV DI YOUTUBE Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah kajian performa, yang memperlihatkan persoalan ideologis berupa resistensi perempuan Timur yang disebut-sebut sebagai sang Liyan—sebuah istilah yang ditujukan untuk menandai inferioritas perempuan terhadap Barat. Persoalan ini muncul karena tingginya tingkat konsumsi terhadap video musik K-Pop melalui YouTube, dengan perempuan sebagai jualan utama dalam produk K-Pop. Penelitian ini kemudian mempertanyakan bagaimana performa perempuan dalam K-Pop MV di YouTube menghadirkan ideologi resistensi sang Liyan?. Penelitian ini merupakan manifestasi kajian budaya feminis yang mencoba mengkritisi relasi kesenjangan yang dialami oleh perempuan Timur. Dengan menggunakan teori komunikasi poststrukturalis mengenai performa sebagai pendekatan teoritis utama serta teknik analisis semiotika Roland Barthes, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membongkar dan menguraikan ideologi resistensi sang Liyan dalam dua unit analisis yaitu: video musik Girls’ Generation versi “The Boys” dan Kara versi “Pandora”. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya kecenderungan resistensi perempuan melalui mimikri yang terpola dalam “passing”. Perempuan memanfaatkan tiga instrumen yaitu, relasi gender, mitologi, dan kecantikan, sebagai usaha untuk melakukan resistensi terhadap Barat. Akhirnya, penelitian ini berefleksi pada realitas kebudayaan di Indonesia dan mengharapkan adanya usaha untuk mempertimbangkan jaringan kebijakan untuk mengontrol dan menjaga keseimbangan antar produk kultural yang muncul di ruang publik. Keywords: Resistensi, Sang Liyan, Performa, K-Pop MV, Mimikri vii RESISTANCE OF THE OTHER: WOMEN’S PERFORMANCE IN K-POP MV IN YOUTUBE Abstract This research is a performance studies, which marks ideological problems of the Eastern women in order to do resistance towards their identities as the Other—a term used to describe inferiority towards the West. This problem based on the high consumption of K-Pop MV through YouTube, where woman is being offered as the main comodity of the K-Pop product. A problematical question raised is: How the women’s performance in K-Pop MV in YouTube claim an ideological resistance of the Other? This research is a manifestation of feminist cultural studies that try to criticize the unequal relationship experienced by the Eastern women. Using the poststructuralist communication theories of performance as the main teoritical framework and Roland Barthes semiotics analysis, this research aims to disclose and explain the ideological resistance of the Other based on two analysis units: Girls’ Generation “The Boys” dan Kara “Pandora”. The result highlight the resistance of the Other established from the process of mimicry which constituted a figure named “passing”. There are three instruments used: gender relationship, mitology, and beauty. Finally, the research draws a reflections towards cultural realities in Indonesia, therefore considering a cultural policy as a strategy to control and maintain an equality between various cultural product in the public space. Keywords: Resistance, The Other, Performance, K-Pop MV, Mimicry viii KATA PENGANTAR Tesis berjudul “Resistensi Sang Liyan: Performa Perempuan dalam K-Pop MV di YouTube” ini merupakan penelitian yang mengkaji usaha perempuan non-Barat (baca: Timur) untuk menegosiasikan identitasnya sebagai ‘Sang Liyan’. Perempuan dinamai ‘sang Liyan’ untuk memperlihatkan adanya kompleksitas relasi inferior perempuan Timur terhadap Barat. Isu krusial yang muncul untuk mempertanyakan kembali relasi ini adalah hadirnya sebuah ruang performa yang memungkinkan sang Liyan untuk menolak inferioritasnya dan mengekspresikan Diri dalam permainan kultural yaitu mimikri. Penelitian ini didasari oleh perkembangan pesat industri kebudayaan Korea Selatan yang memenuhi ruang multikultural Indonesia, terutama melalui situs YouTube. Penelitian ini membongkar makna di balik makna, untuk menemukan sebuah persoalan ideologis yang memperlihatkan bahwa sesungguhnya perempuan Timur tidak selamanya menjadi Liyan. Performa perempuan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini merupakan sebuah wujud realitas multikultural yang menciptakan dikotomi di antara perempuan sendiri: Barat dan Timur. Penulis mengucap syukur pada Tuhan Yesus Kristus, atas anugrah yang membuat mengerti bahwa segala sesuatu indah pada waktu-Nya. Lord, You are always more than enough for me. Dengan segala kerendahan hati Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada berbagai pihak yang telah membantu dalam proses penelitian ini: ix 1. Dr. Sunarto selaku Ketua Program Studi Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Diponegoro, sekaligus sebagai dosen pembimbing tesis. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih atas ilmu yang telah diberikan. 2. Dr. Turnomo Rahardjo selaku Ketua Konsentrasi Kebijakan Media Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Undip, sekaligus sebagai ketua sidang tesis. 3. Suzie Handajani, Phd. selaku reader tesis. 4. Triyono Lukmantoro, S.Sos, M.Si selaku sekretaris sidang tesis. 5. Papa dan mama, Drs. L. Malau, M.Pd. dan Dra. H. Tampubolon, M.Pd, yang merupakan esensi dari dunia kecil bernama keluarga, penulis berterima kasih atas kesempatan yang diberikan untuk mencapai cita. 6. Abang, kakak dan adik, Antoni Ronald M. Malau, ST. (alm); Natalia Artha Kristine Malau, M.Si, dan keluarga; Anne Rumondang Malau, M.Sc; Johan Saut M. Malau, SE; dan Bambang Parada Nugraha Malau. Penulis berterima kasih atas cinta dan ego yang membuat hidup lebih berwarna. 7. Teman-teman Kebijakan Media dan Komunikasi Strategis angkatan IV, Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. 8. Sahabat, yang telah membuat hidup ini selalu layak untuk disyukuri. Penulis menyadari penyusunan tesis ini jauh dari kesempurnaan dan banyak kekurangan, namun Penulis berharap agar tesis ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca. Semarang, Juli 2013 Ruth Mei Ulina Malau x DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ...........................................................................................i SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...............................................................ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TESIS .................................................................iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ..........................................................................iv ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ viii KATA PENGANTAR .........................................................................................ix DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................xi DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xvi DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xviii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................
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