Tesis Para Imprimir Hacer Cambios

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Tesis Para Imprimir Hacer Cambios Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela de Sistemas GUIA DE MIGRACIÓN DE ESTACIONES DE TRABAJO BASADAS EN SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO A ESTACIONES DE TRABAJO BASADAS EN SOFTWARE DE LIBRE DISTRIBUCIÓN. POR: Pedro Antonio Barzallo Enríquez. Quito, 2010 DEDICATORIA A Eliza Beltrán Torres, mi querida abuelita quien con todo su corazón me alentó y me ayudó a culminar la carrera a mi esposa e hijos que me han apoyado a mi padre quien ha estado pendiente todo este tiempo. EXTRACTO DE LA TESIS GUIA DE MIGRACIÓN DE ESTACIONES DE TRABAJO BASADAS EN SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO A ESTACIONES DE TRABAJO BASADAS EN SOFTWARE DE LIBRE DISTRIBUCIÓN En la actualidad la informática y la automatización de procesos a través de software ha tomado una importancia sin precedentes, tanto a nivel local como nacional e internacional. La informática, en todos los procesos que interviene, bien organizada, administrada y utilizada permite que las organizaciones logren alcanzar sus metas en los tiempos previstos, manteniendo también los presupuestos económicos dentro de niveles aceptables. Sin embargo, poco a poco, la posibilidad de acceder a software de buena calidad de manera legal sin que esto represente un alto grado de inversión se ha vuelto una verdadera pesadilla con la que más de un ingeniero de sistemas ha tenido que luchar. Este escenario se puede observar sobre todo en las pequeñas y medianas organizaciones de nuestro medio, que no están dispuestas a invertir altos porcentajes de su presupuesto en la adquisición de las respectivas licencias de software comercial o propietario. Muchos procesos de automatización y procesamiento de información que se realizan en nuestro medio se realizan con software que generalmente es de dudosa procedencia o que no han sido legalmente adquiridos. El poco conocimiento y uso a nivel local ya sea en pymes o gobierno de las posibilidades reales de trabajar eficientemente con software basado en GNU o de libre distribución hace que estas organizaciones sean poco competitivas y no logren por lo general alcanzar sus metas sin que de por medio exista una fuerte inversión en licenciamiento de software comercial o en su defecto de que se vulnere la ley. Existe una alternativa real basada en SOFTWARE DE LIBRE DISTRIBUCIÓN, en estos últimos años el software libre ha ganado terreno en su uso a nivel de instalación de servidores, sobre todo de comunicaciones (correo electrónico, Web Hosting, DNS, Base de datos, entre otros). Sin embargo la plataforma no ha logrado el mismo éxito en su uso como estación de trabajo o cliente, a pesar de que han existido interesantes cambios en la estructura de las aplicaciones para cliente final, su facilidad de uso y su alto nivel de distribución a través del internet y otros medios, aplicaciones como OpenOffice 3.1, Guimp, Firefox, Thunderbird, Ximian Evolution, Horde, entre otras, las cuales pueden ser instaladas bajo MS Windows o cualquier distribución de Linux. Es posible cambiar el paradigma de uso del software comercial como única solución a los problemas de tratamiento de información en las pymes, utilizando para esto la migración a software de libre de libre distribución mostrando la posibilidad de ahorrar dinero ya sea cambiando completamente de plataforma de sistema operativo o únicamente utilizando herramientas sujetas a licenciamiento del software de libre distribución sin perder desempeño. A través del presente documento se espera brindar una herramienta efectiva, para la migración desde plataformas de software de pago o privado, a herramientas de software libre. Índice 1. DEFINICIONES .............................................................................................................................7 1.1. ¿Qué es el software comercial o propietario?................................................................................7 Objeciones al término "propietario"...........................................................................................................8 Software privativo.....................................................................................................................................8 Objeciones al término "privativo"..............................................................................................................8 Software no libre.......................................................................................................................................9 Objeciones al término "no libre"................................................................................................................9 Software privado.......................................................................................................................................9 Objeciones al término "privado"...............................................................................................................9 Software con propietario.........................................................................................................................10 Objeciones al término "con propietario"..................................................................................................10 1.2. ¿Qué es software de libre distribución?........................................................................................10 Historia del software libre........................................................................................................................11 Libertades del Software Libre................................................................................................................12 Tipos de Licencias..................................................................................................................................14 Comparación con el software Open Source...........................................................................................16 Significancia política...............................................................................................................................18 Seguridad Relativa..................................................................................................................................19 Software libre en la administración pública.............................................................................................19 1.3. ¿Qué es piratería informática?.....................................................................................................22 1.4. ¿Qué es la Licencia GNU?...........................................................................................................23 Controversias legales.............................................................................................................................23 “No garantías”.........................................................................................................................................24 - 1 - GPL versión 3.........................................................................................................................................24 1.5. ¿Qué es la Free Software Foundation?........................................................................................25 2. CARACTERÍSTICAS GENERALES DEL SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO Y SUS EQUIVALENTES EN SOFTWARE DE LIBRE DISTRIBUCIÓN.........................................................................................26 2.1. Principales características de MS Windows en estaciones de trabajo.........................................26 La Interfaz de Usuario Windows............................................................................................................27 Características de licenciamiento..........................................................................................................29 2.2. Principales características de software libre para estaciones de trabajo......................................30 2.3. Cuadro comparativo de características .......................................................................................31 2.4. Herramientas comerciales más utilizadas en las PYMES............................................................34 2.4.1. Principales características de las soluciones comerciales analizadas.........................................35 2.4.2. Análisis comparativo de costos entre diferentes soluciones comerciales....................................35 2.5. Herramientas de libre distribución equivalentes a las comerciales generalmente utilizadas...........37 2.5.1. Prestaciones y beneficios.............................................................................................................38 2.5.2. Sistemas operativos, paquetes y software involucrados..............................................................39 2.5.3. Soporte.........................................................................................................................................39 3. MARCO LEGAL............................................................................................................................40 3.1. Ley de propiedad intelectual vigente en el Ecuador.....................................................................40 3.2. Uso de software libre como alternativa legal................................................................................41 4. GUÍA PARA LA MIGRACIÓN DE SOFTWARE PROPIETARIO A SOFTWARE LIBRE..............42 4.1. Análisis de factibilidad de la migración ........................................................................................42 4.1.1. Identificación
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