High-Speed Rail Investment Background Data
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High-Speed Rail Investment Background Data February 1, 2011 American Public Transportation Association 1666 K Street, N.W., Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20006 TELEPHONE: (202) 496-4800 E-MAIL: [email protected] www.apta.com APTA’s Vision Statement Be the leading force in advancing public transportation. APTA’s Mission Statement APTA serves and leads its diverse membership through advocacy, innovation, and information sharing to strengthen and expand public transportation. Prepared by John Neff, Senior Policy Researcher [email protected] (202) 496-4812 High-Speed Rail Investment Background Data American Public Transportation Association Washington, DC February 1, 2011 Material produced by APTA from High-Speed Rail Investment Background Data, excluding material cited from non-APTA publications, may be quoted or reproduced, with appropriate attribution, without obtaining the permission of the American Public Transportation Association. Suggested Identification: American Public Transportation Association. High-Speed Rail Investment Background Data. Washington, DC, February 1, 2011. High Speed Rail Investment Background Data | 3 Table of Contents I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 6 I.a. Intercity Passenger Railroad Service Contrasted to Commuter Railroad Service ...................................................................................................................... 6 I.b. Definition of High-Speed Rail ............................................................................................ 6 II. State of the Intercity and High-Speed Passenger Railroad Industry .......................... 7 II.a. Amtrak Created by Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 ................................................. 7 Figure 1: Amtrak Annual Ridership Trend II.b. First Federal Investment in High-Speed Passenger Rail Technology ............................. 9 II.c. Amtrak Improvement and High-Speed Service Laws ...................................................... 9 II.d. High-Speed Rail Corridor Designations ............................................................................ 10 Figure 2: High-Speed Rail Corridors as Illustrated by the Federal Railroad Administration Table 1: Designation and Extension of Federal Railroad Administration and Other High- Speed Rail Corridors II.e. Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 ............................................... 12 Table 2: 49 USC 26106 High-Speed Rail Corridor Development Program Funding Levels II.f. On-Going High-Speed Rail Funding Programs .................................................................. 13 Table 3: 49 USC 26101 High-Speed Rail Corridor Planning Program and 49 USC 26102 High-Speed Rail Technology Improvements Program Authorization Levels II.g. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) ............................................. 14 Table 4: High-Speed Rail Corridors Funded by ARRA by Miles of Track and Funding Amount III. Projected Growth in the Total Rail Vehicle Market and Total Rail Travel Market and Dispersion of the Rail Vehicle Manufacturing Sector ................................................. 15 III.a. Projected Growth in the Total Rail Vehicle Market and Total Rail Travel Market ............. 15 Figure 3: Increase in Number of Rail Transit Vehicles Figure 4: Increase in Number of Intercity Rail Passenger Vehicles Figure 5: Increase in Number of Rail Transit Systems Figure 6: Increase in Rail Transit Passenger Trips Figure 7: Increase in Intercity Rail Passenger Trips III.b. Duke University Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness Rail Passenger Vehicle Value Chain Analysis ................................................................................ 18 IV. High-Speed Rail Plans and Funding Needs ................................................................... 19 IV.a. U.S. DOT High-Speed Ground Transportation for America ............................................. 15 High Speed Rail Investment Background Data | 4 IV.b. APTA High-Speed Rail Funding, Advocacy, and Policy Proposals ................................. 19 IV.c. Amtrak Northeast Corridor High-Speed Rail Proposal ..................................................... 22 IV.d. Amtrak Fleet Strategy ....................................................................................................... 23 IV.e National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission ........................ 23 Table 5: National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission, Passenger Rail Working Group (PRWG) Funding Proposal for Intercity Passenger Rail through 2050 V. United States High-Speed Rail Compared to Other Nations ........................................ 24 Table 6: Miles of High-Speed Rail Lines by Country Figure 8: Miles of High-Speed Rail in Operation May 2010 Figure 9: High-Speed Train Sets in Operation as of January 2008 VI. Travel Mode Share Impact of High-Speed Rail ................................................................ 26 Table 7: Rail Use Change After Introduction of High-Speed Rail in Two Corridors VII. The Benefits of High-Speed Rail ..................................................................................... 27 VII.a. Land Use and Value Benefits ........................................................................................... 28 VII.a.1. University of Pennsylvania Design Studio, Connecting for Global Competitiveness: Florida's Super Region, 2010 ............................................................................................. 28 Figure 10: Projected Savings in New Road Construction Costs from Central Florida High-Speed Rail Investment Scenarios VII.a.2. International Union of Railways High Speed Rail: Fast Track to Sustainable Mobility, 2008 ................................................................................................. 29 VII.b. Energy Savings and Emissions Reduction Benefits ........................................................ 29 VII.b.1. Chester, Life-cycle Environmental Inventory of Passenger Transportation in the United States, 2008 ........................................................................................................... 29 Table 8: Values Reported in Mikhail Chester PhD Dissertation Figure 11: Life-Cycle Energy Use Figure 12: Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions VII.b.2. Center for Neighborhood Technology, “High Speed Rail and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S.,” 2006 ...................................................................................... 31 Table 9: Center for Neighborhood Technology Greenhouse Gas Emissions Comparison by Mode Table 10: Emission Savings by Source from All Planned U.S. Corridors High Speed Rail Investment Background Data | 5 VII.b.3. International Union of Railways, High Speed Rail: Fast Track to Sustainable Mobility, 2008 .................................................................................................................... 33 Figure 13: Energy Efficiency: Passenger Kilometers per Kilowatt Hour Figure 14: Kilograms of Carbon Dioxide per 100 Passenger Kilometers VII.b.4. Dutzik and Steva, Next Stop: California, The Benefits of High-Speed Rail Around the World and What’s in Store for California, 2010 .............................................. 34 VII.b.5. Alvarez, "Energy Consumption and Emissions of High-Speed Trains," 2010 ..................................................................................................................... 35 Figure 15: Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Intercity Travel in Spain VII.c. Economic Benefits .......................................................................................................... 36 VII.c.1. U.S. Conference of Mayors, The Economic Impacts of High-Speed Rail on Cities and Their Metropolitan Areas, 2010 ................................................................................. 36 Table 11: Calculated Impacts for the Four Urban Regions Studies by U.S. Conference of Mayors VII.c.2. Ahlfeldt and Feddersen, "From Periphery to Core: Economic Adjustments to High Speed Rail," 2010 ................................................................................................... 36 VII.c.3. Urban Land Institute, Infrastructure 2010: Investment Imperative, 2010 ............ 37 VII.c.4. World Bank, High-Speed Rail: The Fast Track to Economic Development, 2010 ......................................................................................................... 37 VII.c.5. Buchanan and Volterra, Economic Impact of High Speed 1, 2008 ..................... 37 VI.c.6. Florida Department of Transportation, Florida Intercity Passenger Rail "Vision Plan," 2006 ......................................................................................................... 38 VII.c.7. Centre for Cities, On Track: Why Rail Matters, 2010 ......................................... 38 Table 12: Travel Time Savings Benefits for Trips Between City Pairs (Intermediate Destination Travel Not Included) for Passenger Rail Improvements in On Track: Why Rail Matters Table 13: Wage and Productivity Benefits from Passenger Rail Improvements in On Track: Why Rail Matters VIII. References and Resources ........................................................................................... 40 VIII.a. Reference Materials ..................................................................................................... 40 VIII.b. Directory of