Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Culture Volume 7 Part 1 The Leichhardt diaries Early travels in Australia during 1842-1844 Edited by Thomas A. Darragh and Roderick J. Fensham © Queensland Museum PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone: +61 (0) 7 3840 7555 Fax: +61 (0) 7 3846 1226 Web: qm.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 1440-4788 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Editor in Chief. A Guide to Authors is displayed on the Queensland Museum website qm.qld.gov.au A Queensland Government Project 30 June 2013 The Leichhardt diaries. Early travels in Australia during 1842–1844 Appendix One ROCK AND MINERAL NAMES USED BY LEICHHARDT Amygdaloid rock. Volcanic rock, usually Domite. An old name for trachyte usually basalt or andesite with numerous gas applied to the plug or neck of a volcano cavities (vesicles) filled with later minerals = when the surrounding volcano has been vesicular. eroded away. The name is derived from the Puy-de-Dome in France. Anagenetic rocks. A French term used by Leichhardt to mean a conglomerate formed Feldspar porphyry. A porphyritic rock with from weathered granite, schist or gneiss. large feldspar crystals. Arkose. Sandstone with a large quantity of Fullers Earth. A clay that absorbs water, feldspar, usually derived from weathering of grease, colouring matter and other impurities granitic or volcanic rocks. used to whiten textiles. It is not a plastic clay Augite. A black prismatic silicate mineral but crumbles to form mud in water. found in basalt and dolerite. Gneiss. A coarse-grained metamorphic rock Basalt. A dark-coloured, fine-grained with bands of granular minerals alternating volcanic rock. with bands of schistose minerals. Bituminous clay. Clay with a high degree of Geode. A globular hollow body usually of carbonaceous or organic matter present. silica forming a lining in rock cavities, and with inward projecting crystals. Calcsinter. A calcareous incrustation deposited from lime-rich water. Synonym of travertine. Granite. A plutonic rock composed principally of quartz, feldspar and mica. Calcspar. Crystalline calcium carbonate (calcite). Hornblende. A black, dark-brown or green silicate mineral common in granite. Chitter. A local name for bituminous clay or inferior coal. Hornstone. A hard dense quartz-rich rock. A name often applied to chert or flint. Clay-shale. A shale that contains mostly clay Leichhardt seems to have used the term for and weathers to clay. a hard altered clayey rock. Claystone. Mudstone. Clay or mud that has Jasper. A reddish variety of chert. been hardened into rock. Lignite. A type of brown coal in which Conglomerate. A rock composed of the process of coalification has proceeded irregular-sized, usually rounded particles beyond peat, but not as far as hard black coal. such as coarse sand, gravel and pebbles or even boulders. Mesotype. A name applied to various minerals in the zeolite group. Diorite. A plutonic rock usually composed of feldspar and hornblende with some mica Mica-schist. A schist in which the main and little or no quartz. components are mica and quartz. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Culture 7(1) 2013 | 463 Darragh and Fensham Mimosite. A French term for a dark-coloured Schist. A strongly foliated, medium to coarse- diorite. grained micaceous metamorphic rock. Olivine. A green mineral present in basalt, Silex. Fine-grained massive quartz or silica. It often forming large translucent crystals. can also mean flint. Pegmatite. A very coarse-grained igneous Slate. A hard, fine-grained, fissile rock rock, usually rich in feldspar and with the formed by metamorphism of mudstone. composition of granite. Syenite. A course-grained igneous rock, Peridot. A pale green or yellow transparent similar to granite, but with little or no quartz. variety of olivine, often used as a gemstone. Talc. A soft mineral with a greasy feel. Phyllade. French word for phyllite, a Talcose schist. A schist in which talc is the metamorphic rock with a silky appearance dominant schistose mineral. intermediate between slate and schist. Talcose slate. A hard talcose slaty rock. Phonolite. Volcanic rock rich in alkaline feldspar. The fine-grained volcanic equivalent Thermantide. Leichhardt seems to have used of the plutonic syenite. this term to apply to baked clay rocks. It is a synonym of porcellanite, a rock formed by Pipeclay. A white clay originally used for the metamorphism of clayey rocks, usually making pipes. by contact with lava. Porphyry. An igneous rock with conspicuous Tourmaline. A group of silicate minerals. crystals of minerals in a fine-grained groundmass. Leichhardt mostly used this Trachyte. A volcanic rock, the extrusive term for rocks that are now called rhyolite. equivalent of syenite. Primitive rocks. Basement rocks, probably Trap. A general term for a dark-coloured Silurian in age. igneous rock. Psammite. A term for sandstone. Travertine. Generally a hard limestone deposited by springs or percolating water Puddingstone or pudding (iron conglomerate). rich in lime.. Usually an alternative old fashioned name for a conglomerate. Leichhardt seems to have used Tufa. Generally a soft porous rock formed the term for a conglomerate with very large by the deposition of calcium carbonate from boulders present in it. lime-rich water. Quartzite. An almost completely siliceous rock, Wacke. A clay rock formed by the decomposition of basalt in situ. usually a pure quartz sandstone with quartz cementing the sand grains into a hard mass. Whinstone (basaltic rock). An obsolete term originally any hard dark rock, but usually Sandstone. A sedimentary rock composed of applied to basalt and diorite. sand-sized particles (usually quartz) with a fine-grained matrix of clay, iron oxide, mica Zeolite. A group of aluminium silicates, and other minerals. commonly of sodium, calcium or potassium. 464 | Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Culture 7(1) 2013 The Leichhardt Diaries. Early Travels in Australia during 1842–1844 Appendix Two People mentioned by Leichhardt in the five Anderson, James (c1796-1842), Superintendent diaries. of the Sydney Botanic Gardens from 1838 Brief biographical information is provided, until his death on 22 April 1842, aged 46, at where available, of the people mentioned by the Botanical Gardens (Sydney Gazette and name in the diaries. The names are listed as New South Wales Advertiser 23 April 1842, p. Leichhardt wrote them and then corrected in 3). 10 the entry. Abbreviations of references are as Archer, Charles (1813-1862). One of the follows: Archer brothers, who was not involved in ADB = Australian Dictionary of Biography. the day to day management of Durundur. DNB = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. ADB 1:22-3. 293, 305, 365-6, 388 DSB = Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Archer, David (1816-1900). One of the Archer MM = Maitland Mercury. brothers of Durundur, whom Leichhardt SMH = Sydney Morning Herald. first met at the German Mission, Brisbane. Jennifer Willetts’ website Free Settler or Felon David Archer took up Durundur in October is acknowledged for providing leads to many 1841. David and John Archer were the two brothers with whom Leichhardt was most of the persons mentioned by Leichhardt. closely associated when at Durundur. In a letter to his father William (7 January 1844), David, after mentioning Leichhardt’s activities, described him as ‘a most intelligent person and as he has a pleasing address and is not chary of his information, we find him a most agreeable inmate’. ADB 1:22-3. 285-6, 293, 305, 325, 366, 384, 393, 398, 457 Archer, John (1814-1857). One of the Archer brothers of Durundur, who accompanied A Leichhardt on some of his local excursions. Abel (Burbillo). An old Aboriginal man, One of Leichhardt’s last letters was sent to speaker of Karredo, whom Leichhardt met at him. ADB 1:22-3. 292, 305, 321-3, 378, 381, Durundur. 310, 313, 375, 390 384, 457 Aemiable. An Aborigine from Gosford area. 66 Archer, Thomas (1823-1905). One of the Archer brothers of Durundur. His Recollections Adams, partner of Pitts and Bonnivent on of a rambling life (Yokohama, 1897) painted a Canal Creek. Probably Thomas Adams, who flattering picture of Leichhardt. ADB 1:22-3. was later a solicitor in Brisbane. 236, 237 284, 299, 305, 387, 392 Agar, Mr. On Kongili station. 273, 275 Ashall, James (c1807- ?). An ex-convict, who Alford, Thomas (1817-1864). Storekeeper at managed a station about 58 miles south Cambooya and later at Drayton, who died of Rusden’s Europambella station for the on 9 January 1864 at Toowoomba, aged 47 Australian Agricultural Company. Possibly (Courier 16 January 1864, p. 3). 237-40. “Gloryvale”, Little Manning River. 450, 454 Memoirs of the Queensland Museum | Culture 7(1) 2013 | 465 Darragh and Fensham Barker, Thomas (1799-1875). A wealthy former flour miller from Sydney, who owned cattle at B Mackenzie’s Kilcoy station. ADB 1:57-8. 3, 333 Baker, a Newcastle resident. 74 Barkleay or Barclay. An Irishman living in Baker, who lived among the Blacks. John a hut on Fourmile Creek, who worked for Sterry Baker (1798-1860), a former convict, Captain David Scott. 168 who was born in Norfolk on 22 May 1798 and sentenced to life imprisonment in 1819. He Barnett. Accompanied Pringle as Leichhardt absconded on 8 January 1826 from Moreton was about to set off for Moreton Bay from Bay settlement and on the point of starvation Pringle’s station Rocky Creek. 224, 249 was rescued by Aborigines in the Lockyer Barney. An Aborigine Leichhardt met at Creek area. Given the name Boralchou, he Durundur.