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Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr. Director National Science Foundation US Dr. Arden L. Bement, Jr. Director National Science Foundation US National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Keck Center of the National Academies Washington, DC April 24, 2009 Chairman Hughes, Professor Herakovich, members of the United States National Committee on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, and guests: thank you for this opportunity to talk with you today about issues that the Theoretical and Applied Mechanics community and National Science Foundation share. In 1783 in France, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were among thousands of witnesses to the first successful flight of humans, in a Montgolfier balloon. When one of Benjamin Franklin’s compatriots asked, “But what good is it?”, Franklin famously responded “What good is a newborn baby?” The Montgolfier balloon was made of paper and silk and lifted by hot air. Two weeks later, Jacques Charles and Nicolas Robert made the second flight—but this time it was a balloon made of silk coated with rubber and filled with hydrogen. In the 226 years since, the newborn baby has grown into aviation. Mechanicians today continue the quest for better materials, mathematics and models that can give flight to human ingenuity. 1 Across 15 orders of magnitude, from the nanometer to the kilometer, you build structures, analyze materials, simulate complex phenomena, derive algorithms and drive multi-scale modeling. Across a spectrum of fields, you create and investigate shape-memory alloys as well as bendable concrete; you explore mechanical self-assembly and the mechanics of biological tissues; you probe the behavior of thin films and the workings of the Earth’s crust. In the tradition of Galileo and Newton, you hitch together the empirical and the mathematical. Through your work over the last four decades, experiment and theory are now joined by computation to give mechanicians, scientists and engineers of the future three pillars on which to base their explorations into how nature works and how nature can be put to work. NSF can help speed this work in several ways. One is by funding research and education in the broad areas of mechanics. Another is by catalyzing the creation of new fields by bringing together pioneers from many disciplines. I’d like to cite one example. In May 2006 an NSF Blue Ribbon Panel published a report entitled “Simulation- Based Engineering Science: Revolutionizing Engineering Science through Simulation.” In April of 2008 NSF co- sponsored a workshop to review the world-wide trends and research using an even broader term for the field: “Simulation-Based Engineering & Science” or SBE&S. 2 And on Wednesday and yesterday {April 22-23, 2009} NSF co-sponsored a Research Directions Workshop to develop a community-driven agenda for research and education in SBE&S. This agenda can in turn help guide our priorities at NSF to keep the work of mechanicians at the forefront of innovation in fields ranging from bioengineering and nanotechnology to more energy-efficient buildings and transportation. Many of you made a long journey to be here today, and your presence underscores the value you place on moving this important work forward. I know that the goal of this session with government and university representatives is to “divine the new administration’s approach to science and engineering, and its implications with respect to funding.” I am pleased to contribute to this happy work, but I would like to note that I went to engineering school, rather than divinity school. Here in Washington, in this spring of 2009, science and engineering are enjoying a renewed mission in framing public policy and in fueling the national economy. President Obama has called upon scientists and engineers to contribute our intellectual energy and our creativity to speed research and education in vital areas ranging from the environment and energy, to health and transportation. On March 9 the President signed two documents that exemplify his views on science and engineering. 3 Through an Executive Order he permitted broader federal funding of human embryonic stem cell research, removing restrictions that prevented federal funding of research using human embryonic stem cell lines derived after August 9, 2001. Then through a Presidential Memorandum, he assigned “to the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy the responsibility for ensuring the highest level of integrity in all aspects of the executive branch’s involvement with scientific and technologic processes.” In addition, the President said: “Promoting science isn’t just about providing resources – it is also about protecting free and open inquiry. It is about letting scientists…do their jobs, free from manipulation or coercion, and listening to what they tell us, even when it’s inconvenient – especially when it’s inconvenient. “It is about ensuring that scientific data is never distorted or concealed to serve a political agenda – and that we make scientific decisions based on facts, not ideology.” Moving from the place of science in forming policy to the roles of science and engineering in expanding the economy, let me mention two key appropriation bills made into law by the Congress and the President: 1) The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act includes $3 billion for NSF. 2 ) The FY 2009 appropriation for NSF is $6.49 billion, up 7% from our $6.07 billion appropriation for FY 2008. In addition, the President’s FY 2010 budget plan proposes $7 billion for NSF. 4 Let me put it this way: Congress and the President are asking NSF—are challenging NSF—to do what we do well: use merit review to distribute money to fuel discovery in science and engineering, through research and education. Clearly the contribution of fundamental research and education to the nation’s economic vigor and intellectual vitality has new resonance in the public debate. Both industry and the business community have spoken out forcefully as well, providing an effective and distinct perspective on the value of the science and engineering enterprise. Despite our serious economic challenges, there is broad agreement that investments in research and education at our universities and colleges are critical to solving national and global problems and planting the seeds of future prosperity. For example, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, said in March to the Coalition for National Science Funding that “substantial new investments in science… are critical to spurring innovation and new jobs.” The Speaker continued: “If you want to know the agenda for this Congress, think of four words: science, science, science, science….Investment in research and development is just that, an investment -- in the future strength of our nation.” Furthermore, a bipartisan “Dear Colleague” letter circulated among House members in late March states “Advances in science and technology underpin our ability to meet many of the challenges that America faces 5 today….NSF investments are aimed at the frontiers of science and engineering, where advances in fundamental knowledge drive innovation, progress, and productivity.” Today it is once again time for the science and engineering community to be clear that its priorities align with the nation’s priorities. We have much to offer. And this can be made more apparent through deeper engagement with policy makers at every level, and broader dialogue with the public. As always, we look to you, to your colleagues, and to the ingenuity of the science and engineering community to bring us the fresh directions and bold ideas needed to make rapid progress. These are tough times, with many competing demands. But we can’t afford to diminish one iota of our efforts as a nation to stay at the forefront of discovery and innovation. Great commitments require all the requisite components, including sustained investment. We need a ramp—not a roller coaster. This spring is a remarkable time in the funding history of the National Science Foundation. As I mentioned earlier, we have had in play three major items: the Recovery Act, the NSF FY 2009 appropriation and the NSF FY 2010 budget. Let me comment on all three, and then I hope we can have a lively discussion. First, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. 6 We are very grateful, and indeed honored to be included in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The additional resources for NSF—totaling $3 billion dollars— will help ensure that America remains a leader in science and engineering research and education. That investment of $3 billion dollars will have an immediate impact on investigators, post-docs, graduate and undergraduate students, and teachers throughout the nation. NSF funding now helps to support nearly 200,000 individuals every year. To put that number into perspective, that’s almost twice the number of people that Hewlett Packard employs in the U.S. And this $3 billion dollars will also continue to produce returns to the American people for years to come. We know that pursuing new knowledge and innovation is the best path toward economic prosperity and solving persistent societal problems, from energy security to climate change and national security. In each of the past five years, due to lack of funds NSF has had to decline about $2 billion dollars worth of proposals that were highly rated in NSF’s merit review process. This amounted to over 3,000 proposals in FY 2008 alone, and represents a great long-term loss to the nation. $2 billion is also approximately the amount in R&RA available in the recovery act for expanding research opportunities in fundamental science and engineering to meet national needs and to improve global economic competitiveness. 7 As you know, funding rates at NSF have decreased substantially over the past few years. The Recovery Act will provide a good start in bringing them back to historic levels.
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