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About Women on Campus. 1994. Volume 3. Numbers 1-4 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 377 804 HE 027 988 AUTHOR Sandler, Bernice Resnick, Ed. TITLE About Women on Campus. 1994. Volume 3. Numbers 1-4. INSTITUTION Center for Women Policy Studies, Washington, D.C.; National Association for Women in Education, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY Marriott Corp., Bethesda, MD. Education Services Div. REPORT NO ISSN-1061-768x PUB DATE 94 NOTE 82p. AVAILABLE FROM National Association for Women in Education, 1325 18th St., N.W., Suite 210, Washington, DC 20036-6511 ($20 annual subscription). PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT About Women on Campus; v3 n1-4 1994 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC04 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Campuses; College Administration; College Faculty; College Students; Court Litigation; Equal Opportunities (Jobs); *Females; *Higher Education; Legal Problems; Sex Discrimination; Sex Fairness; Sexual Abuse; Sexual Harassment; Women Administrators; Women Faculty; Womens Athletics; Work Environment IDENTIFIERS Academic Community; Supreme Court ABSTRACT Four issues of a quarterly newsletter address programs, issues, and concerns of women students, faculty and administrators in higher education. Each issue contains many brief reports on events, news, litigation, legislation, and campus programs on the following topics: sexual harassment, working in academe, news from around the campus, sexual assault, women in athletics, and resources (conferences, new programs, publications). Final pages contain Job Line listings of positions open at colleges and universities around the nation. The Winter issue leads with a report on a Supreme Court ruling that makes sexual harassment easier to prove. The Spring issue includes a chronology of important events in the history of sexual harassment education, a section reporting on campus violence, and introduction of a new regular feature on the . National Identification Program which identifies and supports women with the potential to advance in higher education administration. The Summer issue includes an article on the Center for Women Policy Studies. The Fall issue contains a money watch section with several reports on damages and legal costs to several institutions in sexual harassment cases. It also contains sections on women in science and women in academe overseas. (JB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. *********************************************************************** A OUT BEST COPY AVAILABLE \i U 8 DEPARTMENT OFEDUCATION and improvement Utirce of EducattOnal Research "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS INFORMATION EDUCATIONAL RESOUR MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY CENTERERIC)SOURCES Thos document hasbeen reproduced as reserved Icorn the person Oforgentzatron National Assoc for ortginatmg ,1 C1)vat<or changes nave been made totmotove eo,ocluct.on owthty _Women in Education stated In this Oocu Po.rtis of vew or op.ntortsrepresent 0111c.al rnent do not neCeSsartly TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES OE RI POSMOn Or policy INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." ABOUT 145 from advancing in their careers." SEXUAL HARASSMENT Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from Justice O'Connor also wrote discrimination on the basis of race,that the courts should look at a num- SUPREME COURT MAKES color, religion, national origin andber of factors to determine whether SEXUAL HARASSMENT sex. All educational institutions areharassment occurred: frequency, EASIER TO PROVE severity, whether the behavior was In a unanimous decisioncovered. threatening or humiliating, and made only 27 days after hearing a The court noted that while a whether it unreasonably interfered case, the U.S. Supreme Court hasmerely offensive remark may not with the person's work, adding, ruled that a person who claimsbe sufficient to create a hostile or "But while psychological harm, sexual harassment on the job needabusive environment, a discrimina- like any other factor may be taken not prove that she (or he) was psy-tory environment that a reasonable into account, no single factor is re- chologically damaged or unable toperson would find hostile or abu- quired." do her job in order to prove sexualsive "can and often will detract The decision makes it easier for harassment. In the first case to ex-from employees' job performance, employees to prove discrimination, pand upon the court's 1986 rulingdiscourage employees from re- to reduce the number of cases in on workplace sexual harassmentmaining on the job, or keep them which defendants raise the psycho- and the definition of a "hostile envi- ((All \is logical damage issue and where ronment," Justice Sandra Day courts allow extensive information O'Connor, who wrote the leading 1 about a plaintiff's past and current opinion, stated, "When the work- Sexual Harassment psychological and medical records. piace is perme ted with 'discrimi- Working In Academe 3 Teresa Harris, a manager of a natory intimidation, ridicule and From Around the Campus 7 truck leasing firm, claimed sexual insult' that is 'sufficiently severe or Sexual Assault 9 harassment when the company's pervasive to alter the conditions of Women in Athletics 11 12 president made sexual remarks to the victim's employment and create Resources her (such as proposing to discuss an abusive environment,' Title VII her salary at a local motel). A lower is violated." NATIONAL LASSOCIATION F 0 R WOMEN INEDUC A TION N A W EJ 3 court agreed that the behavior wasconfirm the interpretation of Titleschool constituted a hostile envi- crude and vulgar but denied it wasIX by the Office for Civil Rights ofronment for them.The case. harassment, because there was nothe US Department of Education.Patricia H. v. Berkeley Unified evidence that Harris had been psy-OCR has been interpreting Title IXSchool District,was decided on chologically damaged. to cover hostile environment, bas-July 21, 1993, in the U.S. District The case, Harris v. Forklift Svs- ing this interpretation on the caseCourt for the Northern District of tents, is also important in determin- law involving sexual harassmentCalifornia. ing how sexual harassment and adeveloped under Title VII of the Bad News hostile environment affecting stu-Civil Rights Act, which prohibits The second case, in the same dents will be evaluated. Both theemployment discrimination on thedistrict, which involved a student courts and the U.S. Department ofbasis of race, color, national origin,who was subjected to harassment Education (which enforces Titlereligion, and sex. by other students in the seventh and IX, the law prohibiting sex dis- The first case involved a maleeighth grades, alleged that the crimination by educational institu-teacher in the Berkeley Unifiedschool did not respond to her nu- tions and which covers employeesSchool District who was accused ofmerous complaints about the be- and students) look to decisions andmolesting two female studentshavior. concepts developed under Titlewhile he lived with their mother. Although the court found that VII. The students are claiming that theTitle IX does prohibit hostile envi- teacher's continued presence in theronment sexual harassment, it also COURTS AFFIRM TITLE IX stated that in order "to obtain dam- COVERAGE OF HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT SEXUAL ABOUT WOMEN ON CAMPUS ages under Title IX (as opposed to declaratory or injunctive relief), HARASSMENT Women's Issues Project National Association for Women in Education one must allege and prove inten- Suite 210, 1325 18th Street NW Good News Washington, DC 20036-5511 tional discrimination on the basis of Two federal courts in Califor- Project Director: Patricia A. (arrant sex by an employee of the educa- Editor: Bernice Resnick Sandler nia have stated that Title IX, the law Business Manager: Patricia Rueckel tional institution. To obtain dam- that covers sex discrimination in The Women's Issues Project of the National Associa- ages, it is not enough that the insti- tion for Women in Education publishes the quarterly education, covers hostile environ- newsletter About Women on Campus in cooperation tution knew or should have known with the Center for Women Policy Studies to provi,le ment sexual harassment. Although information about programs, issues. and concerns of of the hostile environment and women students. faculty, and administrators. Asso- courts have affirmed that Title IX ciation members receive About Women on Campus failed to take appropriate action to as part of their S65 membership fee. Individual sub- covers harassment when faculty or scriptions are S20 for one year and S35 for two years. end it." Institutional subscriptions are $28 for one year and staff members have pressured stu- S50 for two years. Proving "intentional discrimi- dents for unwanted sexual activity, ISSN: 1061 768X nation" in instances of hostile envi- Application to mail 2nd class postage rate pending at these may be the first cases in which Washington. DC. Postmaster: Send address change ronment discrimination is more dif- to About Women on Campus, 1325 18th Street NW, the courts have stated that harass- Suite 210, Washington. DC 20036-6511 ficult than proving that the institu- ment which creates a hostile envi- Volume 3, Number 1, WINTER 1994 tion knew or should have known r(' 1994 by the National Association for Women in ronment for students is covered by Education about the problem and taken steps Title IX, which prohibits discrimi- The National Association for Women in Edut ation is to end it. If upheld by higher courts, an independent nonprofit professional
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