The Affect of Crafting Third Millennium BCE Copper Arrowheads from Ganeshwar,

Uzma Z. Rizvi

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Uzma Z Rizvi 2018

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Rizvi text.indd 2 24/09/2018 10:56:59 Table of Contents

8 List of Figures & Tables 10 Acknowledgements 13 Preface

Part One

Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four 16 Introduction to the 30 Contextualising 44 GJCC Material 58 The Affect of Affect of Crafting the Ganeshwar Culture and Crafting and Copper Corpus: Chronological Ancient Sociality 18 Crafting Theory: Archaeological Implications Thinking about the Practice and 59 Crafting Bodies Affect of Crafting 44 Material Culture of the Research 60 Labouring Places GJCC 18 The Affective Artefact: 31 Paleo-climate, Irrigation, 61 Crafting Complexity Objects of Colonial Desire 44 Ceramics and Subsistence and Objects of Science 62 Crafting Resonance Agriculture 47 Copper Artefacts 19 Technology and Crafting 64 Crafting Place 33 Ganeshwar Jodhpura 47 Arrowheads Style and Form: 65 Belonging in the GJCC 20 Cultural Complex: 49 Celts Thinking about the Archaeological Surveys 66 Many Forms of Function of Aesthetics 50 Fishhooks 33 Survey Methodology Belonging: in Archaeology 50 Bangles The Copper Hoards 35 GJCC Survey 21 Craft Specialization and 50 Miscellaneous Shapes 66 The Affect of Crafting and 38 Ganeshwar Complex/ Production Ancient Sociality Ladala Ki Dhani 50 Microliths 21 Distinguishing Crafts: Rituals, Aesthetics, 38 Jodhpura Complex 50 Small Finds and Metallurgy 38 Cheeplata/Neerja 50t Chronology 23 Contextualising Crafting: Complex 53 Comparison of Copper Materiality and New 39 Kilarli Complex Material: Regional Materialisms Context 39 Complex 24 On Crafting Resonance 53 Comparison of Copper 40 Archaeological Material: Bagor, 25 On Crafting Materials Excavations Rajasthan and Places at Ganeshwar A Short Note on the 26 The Copper Collection 54 Copper Arrowheads from Ganeshwar from Chichali 28 Chapter Summary and Chronological Introduction to Other 54 Comparisons with Early Chapters Harappan Material 56 Chronological Connections with Kayatha Culture 56 A Short Note on Painted Grey Ware (PGW) and Chronological Connections 56 Proposed Chronology for GJCC

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Catalogue of Images of All Appendix I Appendix II Arrowheads Artefact Sheets 128 List of all GJCC 146 Registry of Copper by Type from the Copper Collection of the Survey Sites Material from the 70 Type A Collection of the Rajasthan State 140 List of Sites with Vitrified State Department 78 Type B Department Waste Materials of Archaeology of Rajasthan 86 Type C and Museums 144 List of Metal Production Sites—2003 Survey 88 Type D 112 Bangles Results 90 Type E 113 Blades 145 List of Mining and Raw 92 Type F 114 Celts Material Sites—2003 94 Type G Survey Results 115 Chisels 98 Unclassified 116 Hairpins 117 Hooks 119 Rings 120 Rods 121 Sawpiece

122 Spearheads 166 Bibliography 123 Wires 174 Index 124 Miscellaneous 125 Museum

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Rivizi text.indd 7 20/09/2018 11:12:52 List of Figures & Tables

All figures and tables are the author’s unless otherwise noted on figure and table captions

Figures

Figure 1.1 Figure 2.1 Figure 3.1 Satellite map of Rajasthan Map of region with GJCC, GJCC ceramic sample from with explored GJCC sites Ahar Banas, and Harappan sites 2000 Survey marked Figure 1.2 Figure 3.2 Map of Rajasthan with district Figure 2.2 GJCC incised ware, lines and explored GJCC sites Satellite map of GJCC Survey Hawa Mahal Museum sites Figure 1.3 Figure 3.3 Satellite map of GJCC Survey Figure 2.3 GJCC reserved slip ware, sites based on 2003 Survey Sarpanj, Patwari and others Hawa Mahal Museum that document vitrified metal discussing mapping at Jodphura Figure 3.4 waste material. Figure 2.4 Copper artefacts from Figure 1.4 Ladala ki Dhani, vitrified metal Ganeshwar excavations Satellite map of GJCC Survey waste deposits Figure 3.5 sites with evidence of smelters Figure 2.5 Copper arrowhead from Figure 1.5 Section of mound covered in Ganeshwar excavations Satellite map of GJCC Survey vitrified metal waste, Singhana Figure 3.6 sites with evidence of raw Figure 2.6 Copper arrowhead from material procurement Satellite map of GJCC Survey Ganeshwar excavations, Type A sites based on 2003 Survey Figure 3.7 that document vitrified metal Copper arrowhead from waste material Ganeshwar excavations, Type B Figure 2.7 Figure 3.8 Satellite map of GJCC Survey Copper arrowhead from sites with evidence of smelters Ganeshwar excavations, Type C Figure 2.8 Figure 3.9 Metal production feature, Rasali Copper arrowhead from Figure 2.9 Ganeshwar excavations, Type D Metal production feature, Figure 3.10 Burjiwala Copper arrowhead from Figure 2.10 Ganeshwar excavations, Type E Satellite map of GJCC Survey Figure 3.11 sites with evidence of raw Copper arrowhead from material procurement Ganeshwar excavations, Type F Figure 2.11 Figure 3.12 Copper source, Dhowri ki Dongri Copper arrowhead from Figure 2.12 Ganeshwar excavations, Type G Map of site of Ganeshwar, drawing with community members

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Rivizi text.indd 8 20/09/2018 11:12:52 Tables

Figure 3.13 Table 2.1 Table 3.1 Copper celt from Summary of estimated dates Metallurgical analysis: Ganeshwar excavations and studies for paleo-climate percentage of copper in of Northern during artefact from Ganeshwar Figure 3.14 mid/late Holocene Copper fish hooks from Table 3.2 Ganeshwar excavations Table 2.2 Ganeshwar-Jodhpura periodisation Estimate of settled area for based on excavation reports Figure 3.15 the GJCC (in hectares) Copper bangle from Table 3.3 Ganeshwar excavations Table 2.3 Radiocarbon dates from Jodhpura— Percentage of types of sites Charcoal Samples Figure 3.16 (based on 2003 Survey) Copper floral piece from Table 3.4 Ganeshwar excavations Table 2.4 Projected dates for Ganeshwar Comparisons of number of GJCC and Jodhpura chronology Figure 3.17 multifunctional sites Copper half wheel piece Table 3.5 from Ganeshwar excavations Table 2.5 Chronological comparisons between Periodisation of Ganeshwar Ganeshwar and Bagor Figure 3.18 based on excavations Barrel shaped stone mottled Table 3.6 bead, Ganeshwar Calibrated dates and relative chronological markers for the Figure 3.19 GJCC Arrowheads from Bagor Table 3.7 Figure 3.20 GJCC chronological framework Copper tools from the site in regional context of Nal Table 3.8 Figure 3.21 Chronological comparisons with Copper tool from Ganeshwar examples used—GJCC in regional excavations context Figure 3.22 Copper material from Kalibangan

Figure 3.23 Copper arrowheads from Banawali

Figure 3.24 Copper celts from Kayatha

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