Biology Heft 6 (2001) Datei: 266 Seite: 637 19.12.2001 ± 11:59 blackcyanmagentayellow 7 63 , ; ) ). to y- or an [2] 8] Øn, ec- are the the the att, the [26] and ens, [1 This lim- Dig- con- than late- 1 . often ; l a of pollen ard are 984 on within -open- on Ehrl located 98 of (Wy 1 988 is pollina- ariation that Guitiµn, effectsº, ces Whelan, ts [32] 1 ly ; archit 1 v in for Hitch ; Thomson, 5] uantity ers er forw set [1 susceptible q ; importance ear Specifically Guitiµn attributable patterns competition [30] 992 ximal/earl (Sutherland, 1 ebb, 8] ; shoo therein) and 1 and which (Lee, so [1 d of and 3] thesis and/or resour flow W 99 ce Spain flow put are the pro ectural [1 989 1 fruit elopmenta positions al ly 1 not ariation v 988 olfe, ypo a, ed postulates v ela, ering limitations 1 for ences h per 994 and period. ear ) W the more tephenson, 1 fruiting ªdev been ; to S distally a observe [5] ªnon-uniform ªresour ªarchit certain thus inflorescence remo e ariations flow w alº) Lee, insufficient Ashman refer than patterns [30] v ve Goldingay Herrer of ; erm an ; ering 995 the Ba seeds (Liliaceae). different are ; t Spain The to vestigat The ; their Compost 1 the ha effects uester which erm the mor Thomson, development ; ers t [29] of 989 and sensu [22] in [3] in of Guitiµn, [24] ; ( initiated 1 , ). of de 1 sets al (1) in in by (2) within-inflorescence itectur flow ; [26] 8] seq that odoratum [7] [3] 7] atum 1 [1 985 the ). s. the we 996 99 flow of ers 1 which 988 [1 1 Sevilla, aries 1 8] 1 observed 1 98 attributable v [1 of located 995 ectur seed 99 fruits 1 988 o esworth, odor 1 (ªarch 1 1 992 and causes flow analogous effects ention vo, used be the number 1 studies or ypotheses 1 Santiago o, 988 succes affected , arro, attributable h the , Thomson, 1 morphological of herein, y of v e nutrients Cal C.S.I.C., archit ; the Lee, on Charl 2 patterns 200 e postulates prev uence has the , and/or that 8] ) be Calv , not ; may of Na 1 ed ) fruit ) [1 1 1] sources; (Diggle, (Thomson, inflorescence 3 (Lee, (Solomon, ; is [8] Karol [32] ximate [7] [2 and and The intrinsic w types the 4] re 7 ephenson, ; such among and later t Santiago clusiv 988 [1 lo oductiv may based 0] o success olygonatum x 1 gonatum ers pro the conseq ers 99 t of Doæana, 992 describe 995 (S [1 or 986 report ober P and/or y for source 1 de e is 1 (1 , (1 inflorescence, k 996 pollen de repr patterns to thesisº distal/late-opening Berry 1 vel a, Oct Lee, ver Berry [7] flow 993 Brunet postulates flow the Medrano ers none set the o 1 ; ; ; of ) ; ). the , wor different plant olfe sidad o for 3] 1] ypo t initiated Poly t M. 995 [1] ted: [30] [1 [1 [33] [9] thesisº thesis h [28] er of amount W flow oductiv relati 1 0 inflorescence arro, voidable er Diggle 7 adjustment. fruit the v the female 0 competition Biológica ypo ypo uality in arious 98 989 992 994 982 993 xplain o o Univ and Paper the 1 clonal of ture inflorescence tion gle, in 1 the q fruits (3) opening ing In of responsible receip t close una opening 1 20 e Nakamur and t low Na h 1 h observed 1 attributable 1 ited repr straintsº, V Accep , 1 e in of of in or egetal, 2000; al., Estación the dis- V y fruit fruit spe- 2, com- elop- et shoot mean set 1 of distal) Guitiµn icantly an similar in within roduc- wering in er ephen- located Original (Liliaceae) . t er resource lo utiva, oductiv proximal between dev s P S branches the or set f at ano rep and amount , low ariation er fruit against probability 1 and ering Biología of within-sea- signif on experiments Evol see levels repr ary en ), V , the fruit set the this, de low adjustment or low competition the Medr f [7] of ov f xample, ferences to ximal Decemb that ws and giv o was er ; in e in ve s a exhibit dif [4] study 995 adjusted fruit si ed: limitation, the arguing with Guitiµn size (pro ed) low er Biología 1 removal For Set revie J. 996 ved be buds tament (1) relationships this 1 low the set. (4) eceiv Dp. resource f lopment, R (for within er ork succes In pollen within (Liliaceae), variations Y indicating can and/or typically shoots, . , Diggle, that entire obser production, Depar ruit and fruit position later w low deve studies). f (2) late) distal F in ally that, er Brunet, with Ne accordance er of the address: whether ´ ; (see or th nica, estigated shoot position-relat decline this In fects, [7] rt y found control limitation, of flow set bo number most flow estment ef other er odoratum inv in opening, e odoratum Botµ 1 ), of proxim nces in 995 4 (i.e., 8] W (earl position; ering inv 1 of 6 Current tion. explain er the tuttga [1 ve low de fruit and 2 f estigate S ± pollen cited postulated 7 hypothesis. ha of associated low inflorescence low stages: not f inv 988 f rnal the 63 to per 1 torio fects. distal flowers e located spatial gonatum erlag resource-limited; set be to has do matura 1) ef V s ariations fects (Diggle, d the infloresce opening ) to 0 y is ences removal v success due Causes Lee, 9] er architectural mate ef estment. Poly s of ; [1 e y studies fruit early (20 al Labora is before ma ovules fruit b er 1 In s: 3 inv low s acropetal refer [26] f of : formed of 980 Thieme 1 increased ; within the er time observe low received just s consecutiv (1 f and 435-8603 98 multiple proximal per biol. [20] season, 1 word 1 with er (3) oductiv tempor low 0 than f those e 0 Georg umerous ey low ment to cies N three structures repr Lloyd tiv tal from increased shoot and/or number set were these f distally ISSN Plant Introduction K Abstract  with 20 monly maternal architectural competition, set; son inflorescences pollen son, ªarchitecturalº Plant Biology Heft 6 (2001) Datei: 266 Seite: 638 19.12.2001 ± 12:00 blackcyanmagentayellow - - - a a It in v- tic on se- cm the not un- ter The Sor Pro- in 1 most y e flow study natum experi- pollen decid- before shoots applied cluded tments remo show asl. . x Medrano 30 and the e th wer the ts The er m ariation ovules (Lugo just M. e about trea and Polygo Morocco. v bo ts not 0 Bombus This of commenced diagramma ering forming appeared study ( located and of within-shoot ther . alba of of randoml al in in flow 30 wer and ers, supplementary er 1 did and shoo tion flow to es wing Ano first we Caurel at treatmen area ed mov ering er Habit berry ember flow flow present 32 Betula re plants cterize The eiv occurs , follo del Cantµbrica. shoots 1 counting Guitiµn, 996, ruits flow a flow er a the . F 1 rec P within-shoot substrat black bumblebees the distal for also mental in Fig. representa odoratum, ximal s. chara ogueira, robur a subjected y of ers R ering o Sierr Flow b of Another t is population. pro re day . distal ved y hundred ugust/Sept and da A most A Cordiller flow the Guitiµn, flow we mountainous 30 one al estigate stigma. ). fruit mid-May ariety the J. in e used esa 1 in most remo population, a v Quercus study tition. largel the two to d inv e ts a In Fiv is The o of sever Dev the t out are the supplementation. (Fig. about shoots ). the on in wer and/or as in compe shoo study woodlands. es remaining because Spain), mature The used but set sit assigned e the aries style een lasted ariation. Pollen sis carried the species all v xtension ering and y between ov e design source known In B. hortorum Pollination wer 5 as comprises of fruit . re and 1 al treatment) B. w er; tree shady flow analy distributed eomicroscope. evergr al in 5 while eloped area v 1 northwest on 20 and per June flow number ster randoml the shoots and ernmost study 8 a aucuparia. e a-shoot May diameter = (remo widely vule ariation wooded v well-dev in Experiment vince, on uous dominant lected o der Intr wer (n opening, pollination). production). west population bus Among- about is occurs distal ering al supplementation. from restris The , , - - a a n it 1 is w to as xi- ac- 6. the po- The The The w t? 1 fruit fruit as flow flow sho = clonal pro t. out w ts with shoots and/or First, height, certai in ers 1). success Second, for number (t and a shoot opetally 0 shoo the a e not the on in stem. set 0 is shoo shoo acr develop most ers. flow the at 2) there 0.0 a 1 cm the we visits vules bear does < ering ering ± along ers o the reasons. flow lopment, p ailability on ariations 8 50 oductiv 2 ering ving v v of e of a wering flow from and flow or to flow develop atum repr arri deve 1 main shoots, between the flow significantly ce (Liliaceae) 0.88, distal results), up the (rang of per = a size pollinator ves odor are two of position. .0 (r non-flo arising 1 (see number depending ering Lea most tubular pollen female resour er differ  (1) for Druce on uced ers within elimination cymes ves of needs acropetal ary do the s the the certain 0.2 flow v flow in shoots it correlation 1 lea ves shoot a buds. of used gonatum white prod flow becoming e on all lea means as allow fruit both (Miller) of xtent (i.e., Poly ers with w The uestions: e amount ering distal) positions y q versus showing ). ng reach o 1 influence positiv 1). that t yte before that opening flow 1 7), the area These atum flow atum cauline ± ± what Fig. ogam wing 4 of 3 1) must Methods number on ves of o depending short-stalked shoots t e and produci odor e the ximal uence geoph aut odor effects from different Considering before lea ered. (see follo of (200 and t at and (2) seq 3 very aries (pro ous of significant shoot (rang 1). ers ering (rang v confirmed the y 0 flow arise y ers number within number 0 species .2 ves shoo ectural and biol. 1 2.3 set the ering with flow flow dependent   0.0 lea ving flow udy < rhizomat p St strongl spontaneous 5.6 of flow and number mean ropetall Polygonatum ers?, Ha sition archit of shoots answer Plant Materials ering mean probability Polygonatum and 6.8 has mal set fruit which 638 Plant Biology Heft 6 (2001) Datei: 266 Seite: 639 19.12.2001 ± 12:00 blackcyanmagentayellow 639 - y g, 1) er er ef- in- ers ers ing de- i.e., 7 our un- sig- ant, dis- pol- that her vel uni- fruit sup- con- 3 view open a distal distal distal when in ximal 1 (200 In re the there- xplain flow flow and/or an studies ve 0. In e flow flow 0.496 p 0.017 0.803 0.323 3 d pollina- probabil- and all of t relev for we only pro bear of includ ha had g, fruit methodo- indicators set. o ws significant than gate % t opetal, no the pollination, 4 olygonatum set respecti biol. a 0 P set we without vious ors non-manipu- distal distal also 75 open 1 sho shoot. , on with ximal neither erences two only groupe (acr vesti did fruit ther fecundity: day 0. plants probability fruit or of of of uence in o square in pre will tary had ref fact fruit Plant rn, are pro in the and First maintained pollination ers that ts ved to ether (possibly set seq set nder the ers that supplementary % 5.73 0.06 0.46 0.98 Chi atum e of but plants U atum with the xperiments w and two every some with , both e tog patte 86 female on flow ors weight setting the shoo recei al, pollination wer flow fruit fruit mind. of odor [20] sho %, v eme the of 1). y odoratum decline odor . 0 only of weight) nor show between in P analysis fact this set 0 a neither 40 supplemen the thesis. xtr which that The affects with These effect e of 0.70 20 ering set eement by e remo ximal in pollen us indicator supplied tments used = to fruit o ved fruit ers Degrees freedom 1 1 1 1 ariance , p hypo al., er borne of agr pollen ces). v gonatum , as ession pr while flow we between supplementary indicator 1 vers fruit trea gonatum Second, distal et w in be of differences different causes = of species regression flow Poly %, in of probability (S) Flow supplementar ). regr an impro y to df the sis Poly fruit, b of (mean are ). resour , 20 significant number the study as cases). paralleled ely 1 both ints). 7 xpression, ers amount and competition. at demonstrat a important subjected of e 4 pollen those as set up is ximal eraction 1 all need logistic x ults set ce whether pollination val or w analy higher ers. Medrano possible 0. the ers to flower ectiv able seed flow int se in had of logistic pro a and = res verned , weight will (T (R) in al pollination % the of constra present al the differences eeing v supplementary remo of fruit flow results (see of go ve (G because y 0 shoots flow shoots the v er resp distal) pollination, fr resour distal of val 0 of plants assess al o outcross ha 1 tar y g, basal esults a the fruit t be v variation similar on hermaphroditic nor R ent on These ± useful nor effect ers, only (b remo flow y to t in number remo 09 limitations 0 flower male of remo a al on 1 pattern ectural that the 1 shoots e v ariations results of ma ers. ers ers er er atum pres non-uniform 0. results remo is V observed flow a-shoot ximal control S other (p) levels this, xual distal cts * able o florescences flow (rang set archit fe Discussion (ovule of tal maphroditic on nificant plementary t lated remo pro discussion logical usual tion, abundant and and in). Intr signed the flow flow flow flow lination effect Source ity Flower Intercep Supplemen R odor of opening se the a sidered The The The The T - - e n % G In to as en sis er er re- set es- are be- 2.3, 3.6, last ven set- sin- w log- t d sub- con- ana- 1 ights wer aried  tech- well- these gi giv distal shoot a 38.9 elimi- e e v = ªint no regr tments flow ers a on present supple- supple- 2  ruit in using thir we analy position possible (the er betwee 2.4 F constant c statistics re plants. as e of set 1 of er mean wer wer This wed possibility did means o er trea ay than the = 4 t ers flow ved we dry ers. shoots 88.6 ). eiv independent the two on liest set In sho test. ers supplementa- xt, the ruit (% flow plants logistic 1-flow [23] F flow rec treatments in ation t pollination te distal flow 1 ear flow The constructs ªdistalº recei the nearby outcomes), on shoots x all their two-w from by per riedman shoot al with flow %). fruit ovules 996 compared an v ers, not or D) the (F 1 0 shoot ). ers number for 9]; by and e (the 0 The ± probability on and 1 ªpollen from in distal ariables. 1 distal In d), [34] er did v ven-drying ± each flow 1). per (A consider ± times xperimental al. 3 remo event flow tudents o wer xperiment more 0 9 Control. e the v possible S for e ranging contained 0 methods, thir of of 25 996 and and e set analyzed flow er er % all an D. and 1 e of fruitº), e ximalº , position remaining pollen e 0.0 Institute, three allow after ers uares). position this remo t as alº estigated al, = calculated collected supplementation) more of , o Supplementary alues v flow set fruit flow v using and and [rang 24.4 sq t p e (Zar the ªpro v er e ession wer number in ximal (rang  inv ed SAS or middle flow ory wer different al, of treatments % e as per numbers .8 ers er 24, v the wer independent but set, pro 2.6, 2, wer procedur test ªnot period, natum remo regr 1 remo flow = 1 Flo Mean pollen fruit  5 significantly two treat pollinated. n the prediction (the mean al, the In 6. ximalº wer or of pollination. er stigma. mixture er df 20.9 e C. flow v sum flow sets to remo as fruit of 4.4 set vules laborat a  more of Polygo included within-shoo 1 fruits o had 5-day the w III ªpro TMOD of wer er 1 defined ers 4.3, different flow er = or and in logistic ruit deviations. and/or different 2.2 ªflow remo of 1/4 fruitº a riedman = all F betwee among the er 1), 7 CA ers ariation. as F ximal effects t with to ers al 0 ers e ses v the er (release allowing C. weights with flow v flow one flow in 8 ximal s, xample, as ver (type l ther effects and e style pro cases 8]; of the with flow o the 0.0 o ermediateº flow of w (ªset to pro The wer flow 1 45 wer pollination. flow ariation (from = pollination. dry flow ugust, SAS day ± analy (x V remo all p 2 A at o flo standard For 1/3 e ªint All 5 e ximal like The distal t 1 and mode numbers In supplementary with ts each analysis 1  e 9, er using in alues classified a compared Set fruit) ers 1 subjected effects ariance e shoots fruit v pro ximal ue, v = as as as sed ariables xperiments. ruit ests. otal, significantly third). Data outcomes ting flow sion (flow Among of performed e w that cited Mean t w determined tween distal outcome not subjected mentary jected F Resul w for linear case, [rang mediateº. packag the v tionº. gle df secutiv ly niq Pro ceiv mentary nated. developed During weight ing t open), The Plant Biology Heft 6 (2001) Datei: 266 Seite: 640 19.12.2001 ± 12:00 blackcyanmagentayellow , , . ; - - - a y d 7 P of in of of of in x- as or be all 8 77 [5] se- ar re- ers the G.), and ers. The and as v fruit pol- o se in may the al posi- . poly t of ering in flow num- , ojects set, plants in of 995 of orman (P absent of Bot. flow 1 of M.). Medrano Guitiµn, flow pr that N ersity but causes and showing and, different 6 mov observe J. ; , . flow 1 pollinat abortion 1 ually Ecology 7] amme seem re nce M. ce fruit Myrosmodes uestions niv paternal at mean xplanations authors [1 (M. attributable the competition q ers 75 Department. U e nality Instead Guy sex production distal Am. of of ± distal . and studies show ariation 7-05 1) not seed under study allocation and 1 v applicable ers the xiste 992 o, a xplain supply not y progr in 0 manuscript. the 36 wer x rn the e pollination 1 e flow which 1 esworth, the , 7 which orchid 79. sometimes PB9 342 and be se , ± arr these y in ent y ± 1 and are 1 fourth does v more of flow dependen dichogamous in is in 3 this the directio wer study 7 effects. 93 n since Biology turn patte 70 specialization ise Dissecting from of Na lo Guitiµn, Charl pollen In earl evolution M.), present fruit osaceae). to 4, previous . , and 9, Karol in Floral 7 0) P ved Bot. (R 4 1-35 ; 1 vernm er style Andean and the set 0 dichogam in ed M. J. the 0 6] atum shoots the xual atum, success among-flo causes (Ranunculaceae). and Luis likew estigaciónº go among [1 Plant to with e likewise o ectural se may (20 manuscript present allocatio 995) in the for third Pollinator estigating t Flow Evol. and Am. high limited funding fruit wn), esults). impro relat Inv and (1 S. odor odor consistent 985 1) affect R a Guitiµn, ering (EX20 . giniana inv may supplementary the y . ers 1 the ons la the D. P The G. P M. lated 99 J. sho the Evolution the 984) y archit if xpect Syst. a vir ested Brunet Diggle, oductiv significantly caerulea which of and with (1 e not t uence, of re ultimate wers of (1 Spanish study of (see (J. in flow flow escence to Pl. set. is uires J. not ens, fecundity N. orth, ved out like patterns. wship repr seq 1) out can xplanation C. set er (see ers The or R. yuda the e req turn plants. revie does in implicati case ering agaria A attributable amela fruit o, ª currentl atum ation we Hitch results P presumabl distal Fr in Fello (data (Holtsford, xplanation set ebb, Male Aquilegia ces. impro ruled position, present flow flow fruit e e the facilities in flow of al from W Calv the t are trees: spatial Charlesw plant ar odor in and the species carried oductive ). intra-inflor on specifically be in ers . ymous second the e per 22-C03-0 996) P L. . [4] higher prepar fruit as and 1 fifth and blooming the 1 . to ement, in ers set W partially the ariations and resour (1 ximal in y (Orchidaceae). repr species, T since 7 species w S. v . limitations xplanation E. on forest flow The of clear J. J. 4. es under been . 996 e anon 0-1 uential k 24 the on the P K. pro 1 ). detail. 0 an, a funding mov 20 flow , ± should use , dependen ovules seed 2] least y a, ± s net, net, not seq in er rphic [1 viour other found comments ers atum, two Post-doctor w 7 first ed of specialization, at depending limited ximal uentially applicable 9 ariation pollen conclusion, non-functional ve cess tion tropical 1 Berr Bru and 2458 Bru Ashm Ba maternal cochleare v mo q as cknowledgements 993 x o 4 3 5 2 1 linator patterns t and flow applicable with odor A Referenc w consistentl or are for e beha fieldwor Santiago During ceiv (BOS20 and observed positions ual result, ious 1 show pro Finally ber than Brunet, In made ers great be ha The The , ; ; ; - - - y y t, of to to 4) 0] 1] 7] ve er en b on in- set set ers es- , the the [1 [1 [3 flo- im- ved and (see that ther out- pro- visit wn), ha uced earl ed odor flow o alter giv Addi- be of shoo 2) ear o . in wev Brunet female similar t e species species 992 y 993 993 y P flow second, ers y not amount of sho fruit ers red possible fruit Charl we 1 ; 1 recei 1 s different ailability ho function) in causes seed , attracti ces. v [3] wth in damage al for ma hypothesis. y species, a among-po- at did maintained end 1 the man on v able flow the the ering not t and Øn, ther flow among clusiv and levels or consider whole, ers; o distal gro 99 unlikely and x in of male Goldingay the ers 1 suggesting a ers conditions. ). pollen ects ). to ven Karol resour Ehrl f vour be flow ; remo ces, some thesis with for 3) [8] gi ; loss distal flow ef as Although (data aughton, fa pollen) ; [20] [3] difference vo, ximal 7 phases ultimate fruit (i.e., flow ers V 0 more for sed, In flow [6] 1 ualityº non-e insects the increased o ). of differences ypo Brunet seems observed cause reduction 0 [28] n al minate 99 ; Cal ). to of h that ªq ers [4] and must and pr 99 7 nce to ariation 1 it 5] of 1) all to natural resour 1 , 20 limitations v 989 , flow fruits, [1 two distal [20] control ). the 1 98 ] o [7] 1 case (see 0 ximal increa 996 t 1 o, to uctio and al atum, tionally flow female obtained due al., this, o 1 0 that [27 rise obtained ed, atum 99 Possible in ximal ximate indeter the pollen hitectur effects compete 1 pr later 995 et that o ers 20 under . cep supply bumblebee-pollinated Calv 1 uality due onogamous t observed ualityº odor eiv prod indicate x patterns ailable are 992 include and in al of q pr of of a, arc pro . ers e with infloresce v 1 odor been Berry the first, Devlin, ªq distal P pollen al., a . be been rec giving ; possibility flow geit al hitectur P ; the Brunet, of or an and set set shoo ther v ve ers remaining In the 6] to et o nce ; o flow t [33] ve poor of male [1 the for arc of Diggle, pollen ascular ha for [5] ersus Herrer then this Sutherland, ailability significantly Medrano v ; ha in v hitectur main: observed of ariation v the flow findings fruit ; ; e possibility ers remo 982 v pollen a between fruit 985 plant the ering ers re cess uence , 1 [32] y 995 1 case (Berry arc x in see set is the production position, [25] 1 shown [26] opening of , e tephenson, first, of accorda plant, ce in the wer cause the 1 S in flow the w findings, results enogamous flow er 992 att, rd flow earl Medrano outcross ). er ; the positions. of In esent studied 1) intrinsic x 1 980 ved 98 o results 1] study ; a 2] ers lap set t fruit increased that 1 1 ). the ers of orth, out [1 conseq abortion been pr success [1 Wy observed [4] of uality the in flow revie [5] of weight flow resour e 5) (200 are ver q of distal as these olfe, ve ors recei on o flow competition 993 distal 3 within-inflorescence 993 flow of seed by our 996 uentially possible Similar 1 ratio W l of or ers 1 (Holtsfo ha against of xplanations 995 increases ariations 1 ruled production , and been e 1 v cess Similar present ce fruit ra different ailability x seq xample, biol. v e recent these set supply and xample the cess e ers ers. Charlesw e oductiv a flow specifically pattern in e x limited a ve ximal axis; pollen has those ving pollinat ephenson, ephenson, view the seed e reduced t t thers, empo o the that Resour repr ral tionally fruit o of is flow In fruit the Ha compete In arguing possibility of species (i.e., for that for duction t positions and not Another flow Brunet, contrast, worth, fluenced Plant (for (S pro be this nativ atum. of as with t (S or sition ers the amount pro Guitiµn, Whelan, 640 Plant Biology Heft 6 (2001) Datei: 266 Seite: 641 19.12.2001 ± 12:00 blackcyanmagentayellow 1 64 , , a 1) Am. ydro- (200 Jersey among (h Banksi number 3 w structures in limitation. er and Ne biol. fruit-set. ce set flow and within Plant oductive fruit resour Edition. how of 3. vs. repr 1 appendiculatum 3 etition Third of ± 6 ecture: pollination llum sis. 30 size y patterns comp l 54, archit the 1 constrainst analy ary affect dom egeta ov V Sci. armacia) Hydroph rger does (F y in inter 290. Nonran Plant 1 Wh ± J. Compostela phenology Biología Gottsbe time Inflorescence Biostatistical de all. Santiago 993) G. 594. Botµnica de Int. 286 992) developmental : and taceae): 1 ± (1 , de (1 s/n de 982) ?: 996) G. 79, (Pro (1 tice-H 585 M. [email protected] (1 Sur through b Editor orio R. L. Santiago D. Bot. 69, Pren losa ersidad J. J. llaceae) orescences. att, , y 782 olfe, Guitiµn Bot. niv aughton, 5 ph Departamento spinu arrangement J. Zar Am. infl J. Laborat Spain E-mail: Section 1 decline Campus USA: U W Wy V 1 3 32 33 34 - e y y J. l- J., of of in in e- e- a- 8. . y llis lo- r 26, 56. La- ary R 1 4 and and and chi- 3. ey osa- cau- ylla- ± 1 7 Calo- Plant eds.), more ov man in 83 ar Am. 9 ± (R 9 on among Lobelia J. 1 resour 4 autoga- herbac- Ecolog lonicera pollina- of ± 79. 8. L., . Syst. 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Lov e ± andiflor evidence Syst. maternal rodit 0 shrub production. rce production ory repr has (Bignoniac during wer Ann. 309. osaceae) the The 05 and ce abortion: and in Sy gr 1 Ecology est 79 . of 1 tium plants. ovules (R t flo Press, and non-fruiting ± 1 (20 1 are: sou in (Marshall, ± and osae). seed Pl. Amer weight Ecol. J. rends in seed stoec 9 seed of estment re 79. 50 of of . fruit J. T 993) pre- herbiv pp. oductiv 0 ential o 305 ± resour ancra 04 t 509. 1 ev ernus. (1 seed 1 and effects inv 3 P hermaph softw 1 iµn, Institute. estment v ersity speciosa of R and ustralian ± ± Allocation seed contingency J. and pot abortion  set, egies A repr of 1 3, 4 49 of Evol. mahaleb 80, etrocoptis and T 558. inv 86. 7 7 niv , R. er Press, andula regulation P 1 79. SAS A Guit of 0 Doust, 7 4 50 52. 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