LIST OF 100

MOST

ENDANGERED

SITES

1996

A World Monuments Fund program. Founding sponsor, American Express Company ® CONTENTS

HE WORLD MONUMENTS FUND IS A PRIVATE 5 Acknowledgments nonprofit organization founded in 1965 by T individuals concerned about the accelerating 6 A Salute from the Chairman destruction of important artistic treasures through­ out the world. In over 30 years of activity, WMF has Dr. Marilyn Perry, Chairman, World Monuments Fund orchestrated over 135 major projects in 32 countries. Today, with affiliate organizations established in 7 Why Preservation Matters to Us Europe-in Britain, France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain-the World Monuments Fund sponsors an Harvey Golub, Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, ongoing program for the conservation of cultural heritage worldwide. The World Monuments Watch, American Express Company a global program launched in 1995 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the World Monuments Fund, 8 Foreword aims to enhance the organization's unique capacity to identify imperiled cultural heritage sites and leverage Bonnie Burnham, Executive Director, World Monuments Fund financial and technical support for their preservation. 10 World Monuments Watch International Committee of Honor

and 1996 Selection Panel

11 1996 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites

(listed alphabetically by country)

32 Map

35 1996 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites

(continued)

64 World Monuments Fund Offices

Copyright ©1996 World Monuments Fund All rights reserved.

World Monuments Fund 949 Park Avenue New York, NY 10028

ISBN 0-9627931-7-5 Printed in the United States of America

3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

All site photographs reproduced herein arc courtesy of the nomi­ 49 Archivio Soprintindenza B.A. e A - Bologna The World Monuments Watch and this first List of100 Most Endangered Sites are the products of extensive nators to the 1996 World Monuments Watch and are not to be 50 Soprintendenza Archeologiche per il Veneto collaboration, both within and outside World Monuments Fund. WMF expresses its gratitude to the many reproduced. Photos credits are as follows (numbers correspond to 51 Arciconfraternita SS. Ambrogio E Carlo individuals and groups that have cooperated to make this work possible: map site numbers): 52 Archivio Fotografico S.AR 53 A.A. W. ]oukowsky 1 The Butrint Foundation 54 Ministry of Information and Culture, Laos The Board of Trustees of World Monuments Fund, especially its chairman Dr. Marilyn Perry. 2 Carlos Pernaut 55 Ojars A. Feldbergs 3 Austrian Society for Historical Gardens 56 Veronique Dauge/ UNESCO American Express Company and the staff of the Philanthropic Program-Mary Beth Salerno, Connie 4 Bundesdenkmalamt-Wien 57 R. McIntosh Higginson, and Anne Wickham. 5 William Cummins/Barbados Nat'l Trust 58 Adopte una Obra de Arte 6AIRPRINT 59 N. Sapieha 7 BRASS/EI Pilar Program - Francia Gaunt 60 Carlos Cano The World Heritage Center of UNESCO and its director Berndt von Droste. 8 Joffroy Thierry-CRATerre-EAG 61 Miguel A. BretOs 9 University of Sarajevo 62 Museum of Bogd Khaan ICOMOS, through its Paris headquarters and its U.s. Committee. Special thanks to Jean Louis Luxen, 10 FUMDHAM 63 Clemson University President of ICOMOS. 11 N.I.M.C. - Sofia 64 Isaiah WynerlWMF 12 N.I.M.C. - Sofia 65 National Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Mozambique 13 Douglas C. Comer 66 Phillip Lieberman The World Monuments Watch selection panel, listed separately, and the outside specialist readers: Miguel 14 Fundaci6n Cultural Amigos de las Iglesias de Chiloe 67 J. Sanday Angel Corso of The Getty Conservation Institute; Gael de Guichen of ICCROM; Corneille Jest of the 15 J. Migone/CONPAI-Chile 68 Norwegian Heritage Foundation Centre National de Recherche Scientifique in Paris; Ann Webster Smith of US/ICOMOS; and Marilyn 16WMF 69 Dr. Monique Kervran Perry. 17 State Bureau of Cultural Relics 70 Roberto Samanez 18 Shalu Association 71 Luis Castro and Rocio Menendez The team that worked diligently to translate and transcribe the 253 applications submitted for the World 19 State Bureau of Cultural Relics 72 National Museum of the Philippines 20 Sylvia Gottwald-Thapar 73 Mary Borley Monuments Watch database; many were graduate students and alumni of the architectural conservation pro­ 21 Mediterranean Centre for Built Heritage 74 ICOMOS Poland gram at Columbia University: Naji al-Hasani; Joakim Aspegren; Paola Badia; Jennifer Baldwin; Jon Calame; 22 Agency for the Historic Core of Split 75 unknown; Courtesy of Ronald S. Lauder Foundation Roberto Consales; Hilary Dunne; Mary Patricia Feitelberg; Paul Fitzpatrick, Jr.; Annie Gagnier; Frank 23 State Agency for Protection of Culture 761PPAR Garcia-Montes; Emily Gunzburger; Emma Guest; Helio Gutierrez; James Hicks; Pauline Hubert; !vonne 24 K. Randall 77 Christian Crampont / Courtesy Dr. Radu Varia Ibarra; Janine Jones; Michael Kelleher; Carolyn Kiernat; Miriam B. Kranis; Lorraine Mainelli; Kelly Moody; 25 Historical Monuments of Ceske Budejovice 78 Biroul de Arcli'itectura Atelier M srl 26 Pamatkovy Ustav (Institute of Historic Buildings and 79WMF Danielle Nittenberg; Darnell Preaus; Michele Risdal; Katherine Rodway; Elizabeth Rogers; Maria V. Monuments) 80 Johan Mattsson Rondeau; Lauren S. Stahl; Marisa Tempone; Providencia Velazquez; Phyllis Wollman; Jeffrey Young. 27 Luis Sanchez 81 Markku Nieminen 28 Centre for Conservation & Preservation, Cairo 82 Carlos Sanchez WMF is pleased to acknowledge the consultants who participated in the development of the program: 29 Chateau Aqueduct 83 Ministry of Education, Suriname Advanced Solutions, Brooklyn, N.Y. (computer infrastructure); The Center for Historic Preservation, 30 Commune of Saint-Emilion 84 Department of Antiquities, Tanzania 31 Georgian Restoration Institute 85 Thailand Fine Arts Department University of Florida, Gainesville (scanning the images); Computer Power, Inc., Needham, Mass. (designing 32 Jim Webster 86WMF the World Monuments Watch database); The Kreisberg Group, New York, N.Y. (public-relations planning); 33 Sally Magid 87 American Express International Inc., Turkey George Trescher, Inc. (special-event planning); Jessica Weber Design, Inc., New York, N.Y. (design and pro­ 34 Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology 88 Ministry of Culture, Istanbul duction of print materials). 35 Laszlo Vegh/Palatium 89 ChristOpher Williams 36 Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage 90 Apostol Santiago Church, Maes, Jim Gautier Members of WMF's international staff and consultants worked many extra hours to coordinate this effort. 37 Bombay Development Authority 91 Southwest Parks & Monuments Association 38 Douglas C. Comer 92 Courtesy City of Philadelphia To them, and to others unnamed who have assisted in this process, special thanks. 39 Office of Public Works, Ireland 93 National Park Service 40 Haifa Municipality 94 Deanna Brinkman 41 Zionist Archive 95 Alaska Regional Office, National Park Service 42 Soprintendenza Archeologica Pompei 96 Elizabeth D. Calvit 43 Giovanni Morigi 97WMF 44 Soprintendenza per i Beni Ambienrali e Architettonici di 98WMF Firenze, Pistoia, e Prato 99 Ruth Ellen Gruber 45 Archivio Soprintindenza B.A.A.ASalerno 100 National Museums and Monuments, Zimbabwe 46 Archivio FotOgrafico S.A.R 47 Archivio Fotografico S.A.R 48 Soprintendenza Archeological della Liguria

4 5 A SALUTE FROM THE CHAIRMAN WHY PRESERVATION MATTERS TO Us

o CELEBRATE OUR THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY IN By 1985, it had become clear that the complicated over­ NE OF THE KEY ELEMENTS THAT DEFINES THE 1992 the book Trails to Tropical Treasures about the 1995, the World Monuments Fund undertook a all issues of the preservation field would benefit most American Express Company in the eyes of need to protect the cultural heritage of Brunei Treview of its three decades of activity on behalf from aprofessional international preservation organiza­ O our customers is travel and tourism. And Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and of architectural and artistic heritage around the world. tion with the capacity to meet emerging needs. what are tourism's greatest assets? Well-trained people, Singapore-the five countries that then constituted the With great pride we surveyed more than 135 sites in the Changing our name to World Monuments Fund historic sites, culrurallandscapes, and the environment. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 33 countries where our work has promoted the preser­ reflected the trustees' commitment to this vision and to No industry has a greater stake than ours in preserving vation of unique and precious man-made creations that expanded activities that today include such concerns as history and tradition, diverse cultures, and the environ­ Preservation projects that we have supported outside standards of practice, work-force training, documenta­ the context of the World Monuments Fund include might otherwise have been lost, an impressive and ment. These precious resources are critical to the qual­ tion, strategic planning, technical surveys, fundraising, major sites such as the Taj Mahal, the Sphinx, and the deeply gratifying record for a private sector preserva­ ity of life worldwide. They are also prime motivators public-private partnerships, education, and advocacy. Statue of Liberty. Lesser-known sites that we have tion organization. Nonetheless, the reality of the com­ for international travel-and they are increasingly at helped to preserve are New Mexico's adobe churches, pelling need far outdistances our successful efforts. Our risk. A decade later, projects and programs have proliferated the Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires, the Stradun in war­ response has been the development of a worldwide pro­ and WMF has become a leader in international preser­ damaged Dubrovnik, the stained-glass windows of St. gram, the World Monuments Watch. American Express felt that it had to assume a leader­ vation. Our head office in New York is supported by Mary's in Cracow, and the Van Mieu temple in Hanoi. ship role in the preservation of the world's endangered small offices in Paris and Venice. National affiliates of The heart of the WMF achievement to date is Our work sites and monuments, for the good of our communities World Monuments Fund are registered and active in The World Monuments Watch presents an opportuni­ in the field-an unmatched record of international pro­ around the world and for the good of our own indus­ France, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. In the ty to raise the company's involvement in historic jects of astonishing variety and beauty. Ancient Roman try. The World Monuments Fund's ambitious new pro­ field, new partnerships with funders, governments, and preservation to a higher level. We have every confi­ ruins in Asia Minor, rock-hewn Coptic churches in gram is addressing an enormous problem, and this private-sector groups have steadily leveraged project dence that the selection panel for the World Ethiopia, Cambodia's jungle temples, a mudejar foun­ grant offers an unprecedented opportunity to reach the support at impressive levels. In addition, we have pio­ Monuments Watch has done its job wisely. All of the tain house and garden in Spain, a Gothic stair tower in many other potential contributors who would under­ neered pre-planning for buildings and landscape preser­ sites on the 1996 List of100 Most Endangered Sites are Venice, adobe churches in New Mexico, the dome of stand the magnitude of the global challenge and vation, initiated on-site training programs, tackled fiscal important, and all of them are urgently in need of help. the Invalides in Paris, the Tempel synagogue in Cracow respond accordingly. and educational issues, supported promising research, By funding the twenty recipients of 1996 American are representative. OUf goal-and reward-is their Rro­ a';d published t~chnical reports and popular surveys. Express World Monuments Watch grants, we have longed existence. Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world tried to support projects in different parts of the world, as well as its major employer. According to the World to bring home the point that this is a global initiative. World Monuments Fund, born in the mid-1960s as the Travel & Tourism Council, our industry now generates ~'r7~ Some of the sites have a high profile, some do not. All International Fund for Monuments, came to life in about ten percent of global gross domestic product and Marilyn Perry J of them are either tourist sites or show potential for response to the increasing degradation of great monu­ employs 212 million people worldwide. We can look Chairman tourism-and for several of them, insensitive tourism ments inflicted by the chemical and physical hazards of ahead to an even more productive future. But if we World Monuments Fund presents a threat that needs to be better managed. our twentieth-century environment. Following the dis­ want to achieve and sustain it, we will have to address astrous floods of 1966, the organization was one of the critical issues such as protecting our environment­ Now more than ever our industry faces the challenge first to respond to the international appeal for Venice­ natural and man-made-and preserving the very cul­ of safeguarding its major assets-people and places. We working on such familiar monuments as the Scuola tures and traditions upon which tourism depends. believe the World Monuments Watch is a rallying point Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista, Tintoretto's mas­ for our colleagues in the industry to join with us in terpieces in the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, the ceiling We have put so much support behind the World helping to preserve sites that can be saved through and the paintings in the Sala del Gran Consiglio in the Monuments Fund because we know that WMF will timely intervention. We are proud to be at the forefront Palazzo Ducale, and dozens of other projects. These make the most of every dollar we contribute to the of this effort. efforts were also the origin of Save Venice, Inc. Other World Monuments Watch. We have already worked projects were simultaneously undertaken in other parts with WMF on a number of significant projects. iJCUA/~~ of Italy, in Easter Island, Ethiopia, Nepal, and Western American Express was among the initial funders of Harvey Golub Europe. WMF's conservation of the great Preah Khan temple Chairman and Chief Executive Officer complex at Angkor in Cambodia. With WMF and the American Express Company u.s. Committee of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (US/ICOMOS) we produced in

6 7 FOREWORD

HE WORLD MOl\'UMENTS WATCH IS THE FIRST During the three-month interval before the deadline in sites have been neglected since the political upheavals tored by many people around the world. Frequently, it is program ever established to list comprehen­ January, WMF developed computer-database and that followed World War II. Former monasteries and possible to intervene in time, when it is clear that serious Tsively the world's monuments and cultural sites photo-storage and -retrieval systems to help with the aristocratic estates, which played meaningful roles in danger lies ahead. that are in imminent danger. This publication of the management of incoming information. Interviews were society until after the war, are now derelict and on the first annual List of100 Most Endangered Sites is a land­ conducted over international radio outlets such as Voice verge of destruction. New uses must be established for The members of the World Monuments Watch class of mark in itself; but like all landmarks, it can best be ofAmerica, and members of the WMF staff attended key them in order to ensure their preservation. 1996 have in common the fact that they are in grave dan­ understood within the context in which, and for which, professional gatherings to further explain our goals. With ger but can still be saved. Some need only recognition it was created. all this preparation, however, we did not know how the REAT SITES IN FRIGHTFUL CIRCUMSTANCES AS A from outside their community in order to galvanize local preservation community would respond to such a bold result of pollution and urban expansion are a support. Some are threatened by incompatible develop­ The World Monuments Watch program was established and sweeping program, announced without fanfare, Gdisturbing conunentary on the lack of intelli­ ment projects Others need complex and expensive engi­ in 1995 by the World Monuments Fund (WMF), a pri­ whose support-though generous-was still unlikely to gence that has characterized development in our century. neering solutions. Many have simply been neglected for vate worldwide preservation organization celebrating its be adequate to the task at hand. The rapid deterioration of the Taj Mabal, Hagia Sophia, too long. 30th year of work in the field. For WMF, the World or the famous Verrocchio bronze statue of Colleoni in Monuments Watch is an effort to assess priorities for the The magnitude of the response confirmed the validity of Venice are evidence of the gravity of the worldwide Many entries in the List of 100 Most Endangered Sites future, in order to focus efforts where the needs are our concern for the world's built environment. A total of problem of industrial pollution and the pressures of have been recognized by UNESCO on the World greatest and most urgent. American Express Company 253 applications were accepted for consideration in the increasing population. Heritage List, because their "protection is the responsi­ joined the program as its founding sponsor with a finan­ first year of the program. The nominators represented 70 bility of all mankind." Most of these sites need money, cial commitment of $5 million over the years 1996 to countries over a broad geographic spectrum-from Some sites are candidates for imminent loss through fire, and in general much more money is needed than has 200D-ninety percent of which will be granted as con­ Alaska eastward to Mongolia, with numerous points hurricane, or earthquake. These, including the exquisite been available in the past. An aggregate $150-to-$200 servation funding for sites on the annual List of100 Most between. The respondents were recognized experts as Kizhi Pogost in Russia, the Morgan Lewis Sugar Mill in million was requested to help save the 100 sites on this Endangered Sites. For American Express, the World well as ordinary citizens who were as concerned as we Barbados, the Vaga wooden church in Norway, and the year's list. Monuments Watch offers an opportunity to demon­ were about t~e future and who lacked the resources to Namseling Manor Palace in Tibet, will be saved only strate its commitment to preserving the resources that are carry out their important missions. They needed help, through preventative conservation now. Within a few This fact cries out for a much more effective worldwide primary tourism generators and to helping to encourage immediately, before it was too late. years, it will be too late. partnership for heritage preservation. These resources forms of tourism that are supportive of, and not detri­ -$200 million-represent no more than the cost ofjust mental to, important sites. Within a month the nominations had been abstracted to Some of the sites on the list are among the world's one of the many building projects going on today a standard format, ready for review and eventually for oldest human constructions-the Stone Age city of worldwide, or the revenues from a highly successful Through this collaboration, WMF and American public access through the Internet. At the end of <:;:atal Hiiyiik in Turkey and the recently excavated San Hollywood film. What is lacking is a clear commitment Express give further expression to conunon goals: to February 1996, an eight-memberpanel met to choose the Xing Dui site in Sichuan Province, China. Others are on the part of many to share this burden-and a clear focus public concern on the precarious situation of many 100 endangered sites that would be the focus of world­ recent industrial constructions, such as the Eastern State idea of who should play what part, and why. of the world's greatest cultural sites; to spur government wide promotion. Penitentiary in Philadelphia, the transport hub of Tour action to save these sites through the catalytic effects of and Taxis in Brussels, and the elevator system of This list puts in motion the process offinding answers to recognition and seed funding; and to help attract more The list of 100 sites that follows is the result of their Valparaiso, Chile. These might not seem worthy to be these critical questions. By advocating public concern, by money, from both the public and the private sectors, for efforts. The 100 sites listed represent not necessarily considered among the world's greatest building achieve­ challenging governments to address these sites as priori­ conservation of historic buildings and sites. the most important places that were nominated but ments. Yet they represent significant architectural solu­ ties, and by recruiting more private sponsors for the those offering the best opportunities, in the view of the tions to the social needs of their times. They should be World Monuments Watch, we can hope to expand our The program was announced in August 1995; in selection panel, to obtain significant results through preserved, even ifnew and entirely different uses must be base of support. One year from now, we will be able to October, nomination forms were distributed throughout prompt action. found for them. measure the effects of inaugurating the World the world to government agencies, national preservation Monuments Watch. There should be quite a lot to report. organizations, and private support groups. Nomination The sites on the list are plagued by a range of problems. There is no precise way to judge when works of art and packages were also made available through United States Some have been victims of recent conflicts-as in the architecture are in great danger. Indeed, loss of these embassies and American Express offices abroad. Balkans, Vietnam, Cambodia, or the former Soviet works is often a matter of circumstance--a flood, an Bonnie Burnham Georgia, where communities are struggling to recon­ arbitrary decision, war-which cannot be controlled. Executive Director struct themselves and resettle refugees. Many other great But the conditions of significant works are being moni- World Monuments Fund

8 9 WORLD MONUMENTS WATCH INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF HONOR

RE. Javier Perez de Cuellar Co-Chairman

The Hon. Cyrus R. Vance Co-Chairman

BUTRINT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE SAN IGNACIO MINI 1996 SELECTION PANEL SARANDE, ALBANIA SAN IGNACIO, ARGENTINA 8TH C. B.C. -15TH C. A.D. MAP SITE NO.1 17TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO.2 Colin Amery Trustee, The Prince of Wales's Foundation for Architecture Architecture Critic, Financial Times MAJOR GRECO-ROMAN-BYZANTINE HE MISSION COMPLEX, COMBINING archaeological site occupies Albania's Spanish baroque architectural style and Gustavo Araoz Executive Director, US/ICOMOS Xunspoiled Adriatic coastline, in a setting T native sculpture and dwellings, reflects the replete with rare flora and fauna. blending of the Jesuit and indigenous Lester Borley Secretary General, Europa Nostra Uncontrolled encroachment of vegetation, GuaranI cultures. Missions such as San ground-water infiltration, and flooding due Ignacio protected natives from war and Vishakha Desai Vice-President for Program Coordination and Director of Galleries, to poor drainage threaten the site's stability. conquerors. Printing presses at the mission The Asia Society U.s.A. Since the collapse of the Communist produced prayer books and other texts in regime in 1991, Burrint has received no the Guarani language. The multiplicity of Jeanne Epping President, American Society of Travel Agents financial support. The absence of an overall activities at the site fostered the religious site-management structure and the poten­ mission while sustaining the local culture. Giora Solar Director of Special Programs, The Getty Conservation Institute tial for speculative development imperil the The hazardous condition of the ruins has site's survival. A ten-year master plan for caused their indefinite closure to visitors. John Stubbs Director of Programs, World Monuments Fund tourism development was put forward in Rain and wind erosion, as well as damage Adjunct Associate Professor, Columbia University 1992, but since that time a private large­ from encroaching roots, have already Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation scale tourism resort has been tentatively caused the collapse of some building approved, which could irreversibly damage facades. Delay in implementing a conserva­ James Wiseman Chairman, Department of Archaeology, Boston University the natural and cultural environment as tion program will lead to the destruction of Former President, Archaeological Institute of America well as compromise future economic the entire monument due to deterioration. opportunities. Listing is to encourage the An action plan is needed to address unsta­ development of a non-invasive tourism ble structures and protect the fabric from program that will sustain continued efforts the effects of rain, uncontrolled vegetation, at excavation, preservation, and presenta­ and increased sewage drainage from the tion, as well as proper maintenance of the growing local population. San Ignacio Mini surrounding woodlands. Butrint is on the is on the World Heritage List. World Heritage List.

10 11 BELVEDERE GARDENS FRANCISCAN CHURCH MORGAN LEWIS SUGAR MILL TOUR AND TAXIS (TRANSPORT HUB) VIENNA, AUSTRIA VIENNA, AUSTRIA ST. ANDREW, BARBADOS BRUSSELS, BELGIUM 1700 - 21 MAP SITE NO.3 1603 -1742 MAP SITE NO.4 18TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO.5 1897 1907 MAP SITE NO.6

HE MOST IMPORTANT EXAMPLE OF FRENCH N 1589, ARCHDUKE ERNST GAVE THE HE LARGEST SURVIVING WIND-POWERED SUGAR­ OUR AND TAXIS IS THE WORLD'S MOST baroque landscaping in Austria, Vienna's Franciscan Order a Gothic church, St. cane crushing mill in the Caribbean, with all unusual example of a multifunctional trans­ T Belvedere Gardens are a popular tourist I Jerome in Vienna. The Franciscans adapted T its original working parts intact, testifies to T portation network. Built as a railroad, cus­ destination. Consisting of buildings, an existing structure, and a new church, in the importance of tbe industry that arose in toms, and maritime hub, it once played a squares, grand staircases, fountains, and the Southern German Renaissance style the seventeenth century. Since the sugar-pro­ vital role in boosting the urban and rural plantings of great richness and beauty, with (with pronounced Gothic elements) was ducing economies created huge fortunes and economy of the country. Constructed a view overlooking historic downtown consecrated in 1611. A baroque porch was prospered due to slave labor, the preservation according to rationalist design theories, Vienna, the complex was built for Prince added in 1742; the high altar was designed and interpretation of the mill offers an the site's buildings exploited cast iron, rein­ Eugene of Savoy by Dominique Girard, by Andrea Pozzo. The Franciscan Church opportunity for profound historical and forced concrete, and glass to their fullest with sculptures by Giovanni Stanetti. is among the foremost religious monu­ cultural reflection. The mill occupies a com­ potential. Following the establishment of Despite the garden's fame, its impressive ments in Austria. War damage led to an manding location overlooking some of the the European Community, changes in cus­ fountains and water displays are in urgent unsatisfactory restoration, leaving the most magnificent scenery on the island's east toms practices and in the treatment of need of repair. Leaking pipes mean that the facade, the roof and its metal cladding, and coast, which is part of the proposed National immobilized stock brought about the fountains can be used only rarely. Pollution the supporting structure in need of an Park of Barbados. Accelerating deterioration decline of industry in the areas surround­ and vandalism threaten the survival of the overhaul. The interior of the church, of the fabric of the mill, caused by a conflu­ ing Tour and Taxis. Although the site marble sculptures. Urgent work includes including its paintings and frescoes and ence of agents-rain, wind-blown salt water, remains intact, the absence of an overall reconstruction of the western staircase, wooden furnishings, is gradually being infiltration of ground water, vegetation en­ plan for reuse will lead to deterioration, replacement of the water system, and damaged by dampness. Emergency repairs croachment, and termites-could bring about vulnerability to inappropriate real-estate restoration of the extant sculptures. It is are needed to the roof, windows, gutters, its disappearance in the absence of large-scale development, or eventual demolition. hoped that media attention focused on this and electrical system, followed by a com­ repair and restoration. Barbados at present Implementation of a viable adaptive-use site will arouse interest from the private prehensive long-term conservation plan. has no internationally listed historic sites. plan would provide a valuable example of sector for rescue of this urban masterpiece. Lack of funds prevents repair and conser­ Recognition now will optimize the efforts reuse on a large scale. vation work from proceeding. undertaken to date by the Barbados National Trust, which bas already launched appeals to the business community, the public, and the government for increased support.

12 13 EL PILAR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESERVE ROYAL PALACES OF BENIN VILLAGE OF POCITELJ SERRA DA CAPIVARA NATIONAL PARK BELIZE RIVER AREA, BELIZE ABOMEY AND PORTO-Novo, BENIN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SAo RAIMUNDO NONATO, PIAUI, BRAZIL 5TH c. B.C. -10TH C. A.D. MAP SITE NO.7 1645 -1906 MAP SITE No.8 1444 - PRESENT MAP SITE NO.9 STONE AGE MAP SITE NO. 10

EATHER, PLANT ENCROACHMEN1; AND FRICAN KINGS IN THE COUNTRY KNOWN N ARCHITECTURALLY RICH TRADITIONAL ATURAL AND HUMAN FACTORS HAVE looting of antiquities threaten El Pilar, the today as Benin maintained elaborate royal Herzegovinian hilltop town, PoCitelj is caused prehistoric Stone Age paintings, W largest ancient Maya city in the Belize A complexes from the seventeenth century A emblematic of the situation facing commu­ N which survive in more than 360 archaeo­ River area. Recent excavations have until the end of colonial rule in the early nities throughout th~ region in th~ after- logical areas of the national park, to deteri- revealed some twenty-five plazas, intricate twentieth century. The Abomey palace math of the Balkan war. Losses sustained orate and have brought some to the brink palaces, and temples rising as high as the remains as an important testament to tradi­ by the town encompass both its ethnically of destruction. Expanding insect popula­ forest cover. Rare examples of corbel tional African life, while the Gbekon palace diverse community and its architectural tions have built nests on the walls; a layer vaults, excavated intact in 1993, were documents the transition to modern Africa. fabric. Situated some twenty-five kilome­ of lime, caused by climatic factors, covers assessed as being in partial ruin after only Many of the nearly two hundred structures ters from Mostar, Poi'itelj existed in 1444 as the paintings; minimal park staff is assigned two years. Trenches made by looters have at Abomey, richly decorated with bas­ a fortress supported by Hungary; Turks to protecting the archaeological sites; and exposed plastered masonry rooms, lofty reliefs, mural paintings, and sculptural took it over in 1471 and it became an hunters light fires, particularly at night. vaults, and monumental stairways. El Pilar scenes, are on the verge of collapse. Most important part of the Ottoman Empire. Its To save the site requires a three-pronged straddles the border between Belize and of the complex is abandoned, except for characteristic buildings are in the Ottoman approach involving a computerized inven­ Guatemala, and a bilateral peace park has buildings used as the national museum and style. A seventeenth-century enclosing wall tory of the paintings; conservation and been proposed. A multinational program to a wing occupied by royal widow queens marks the height of the town's growth. preservation; and the education of the local preserve and interpret the site, aimed at and princesses. Temporary metal roofs have With the Austrian conquest, it lost its community about the importance of the illustrating ancient Maya life and its rela­ been installed as emergency measures. The strategic importance and declined. Only in cultural heritage. The area has been inhab­ tionship to nature, will be a valuable palace of Gbekon was built by Toffa, the the 1960s did it begin to grow again, as a ited continuously for over fifty thousand demonstration project and resource for the last sovereign of Porto Novo. It, too, is tourist center. Today it lies in shambles, its years. The narrative paintings are particu­ economies of local villages on both sides of abandoned, and modern buildings are population displaced. A plan to restore the larly interesting because they represent the border. Funding cutbacks, however, beginning to intrude on its site. Outside town and make it habitable again for its scenes from daily life and from ancient cer­ threaten not only to halt documentation support, both professional and financial, is people might serve as a prototype for many emonies. The Serra da Capivara National and conservation work but to leave areas of needed to spur a major conservation cam­ communities that have suffered a similar Park is on the World Heritage List. the site unguarded and prey to looters. paign. The Royal Palace ofAbomey is on fate. the List ofthe World Heritage in Danger.

14 15 IVANOVO ROCK CHAPELS MADARA HORSEMAN ANGKOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISTRICT CHURCHES OF CHILO£. ROUSSE REGION, BULGARIA KASPICHAN, BULGARIA SIEM REAP, CAMBODIA CHILO£. ARCHIPELAGO, CHILE 13TH -14TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 11 8TH - 9TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 12 9TH -13TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 13 17TH - 20TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 14

XCEPTIONAL WALL PAINTINGS FROM THE EDIEVAL CARAVAN ROUTES ACROSS OCIAL TURMOIL FOR THE PAST THREE AILORS USED, AND CONTINUE TO USE, thirteenth to the fourteenth century sur­ central Europe were emblazoned with decades has left the archaeological ruins of the church towers on the archipelago of Evive in the rock-hewn churches at the M carvings in rock outcrops and cliffs along SAngkor in peril. An international campaign SChiloi' in navigating the coast. The seventy Ivanovo monastic complex. Their composi- the way. The Madara Plateau in northeast- to save Angkor has gained momentum in churches still extant are the most important tional sophistication and color suggest the ern Bulgaria is bounded by a massif, with the past three years, though additional con­ ensemble of wooden religious buildings in best artists of the time, working in the a sheer, one-hundred-meter-high vertical servation work is needed urgently. Dating Latin America. Eight are national monu­ Eastern Orthodox tradition. The complex rock face. Carved in relief on this natural from the ninth to the thirteenth century, ments and represent, with other churches of churches, chapels, and monastic cells wall some twenty-five meters above the the ruins of Angkor consist of temples, not yet nominated, the original architectur­ stretches for more than five kilometers road is a life-size horseman followed by a walls, gateways, causeways, and the al style that dates from the arrival in the along the cliffs of the river Rousenski Lorn. dog, with a speared lion beneath the horse's remains of a vast hydrologic control sys­ mid-eighteenth century of Franciscan and The paintings have been restored, but mon­ hooves. The inscriptions in Greek describe tem. Angkor comprises over seventy signif­ Jesuit missionaries. This style fused local itoring has documented an increasing rate events in the early history of the Bulgarian icant structures spread over 160 square building-craft traditions with a Spanish of deterioration in recent years from mois­ state, which was established in 681. The kilometers. Five international teams are at architectural vocabulary. Features include ture infiltration, seismic activity, and wind­ legibility of both the relief sculpture and work conserving the ruins while others are the large horizontal Spanish basilica plan, blown sand. Polluted air and water from the inscriptions is being compromised by conducting related research. Collapse, in most cases including barrel-vaulted cen­ the nearby industrial town of Rouse intro­ exposure to the elements, biological attack, theft, and unstructured tourism neverthe­ tral naves, and the central placement of sin­ duce contaminants that have a destructive and pollution from industry nearby. In less remain threats. The most critical needs gle towers above the porticos. Building in effect on the rock structures and the paint­ addition, the massif is riddled with large are a survey of endangered building ele­ the style continued through the early twen­ ings. Drainage and stabilization measures cracks from seismic activity which is caus­ ments, including sculpture, and conserva­ tieth century. High rainfall and humidity, would alleviate the decay, but funds are ing slabs as much as thirty meters thick to tion proposals for each that is determined fire, insect damage, and earthquakes pose unavailable at present for these undertak­ split away from the rock walls. The Madara to be imperiled. With a comprehensive constant threats. Communities are aban­ ings. The Ivanovo Rock Chapels are a carvings need to be cleaned and stabilized, analysis of architectural challenges in hand, doning the surviving churches at a rate of World Heritage Site. and a strategy devised to shield the site priorities can be set and emergency treat­ approximately two per year. Recognition from exposure. The Madara Horseman ment can be carried out. Angkor is on the will encourage the modest investment in is on the World Heritage List. List ofthe World Heritage in Danger. preservation required to stem the incre­ mentalloss of this cultural resource.

16 17 ELEVATORS OF VALPARAISO ORONGO LIAO DYNASTY SITE, CHI FENG CITY NAMSELING MANOR VALPARAISO, CHILE EASTER ISLAND, CHILE INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA DRACHI, TIBET, CHINA 1883 -1915 MAP SITE NO. 15 15TH - 18TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 16 916 -1125 MAP SITE NO. 17 14TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 18

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EFFORT TO REVIVE HE ORONGO CEREMONIAL VILLAGE ON INCE 1989, IMPORTANT FINDS HAVE BEEN RECENTLY AS 1959, NAMSELING MANOR, the port city through new investments in Easter Island traditionally observed the made in the southeastern an':a of Inner an estate of rare historical importance, was A infrastructure threatens the twenty-four T annual celebration of the Birdman ritual, a SMongolia, once hon;e to the Hong Shan­ A'n use by the Namseling family. Founded elevators (funiculars) that constitute the grueling athletic competition held upon the a Bronze Age prairie culture, and later the in the fourteenth century, the seven-story defining characteristic of the city as well as return of migratory birds. Orongo occu­ first site of the Liao culture. Liao Dynasty building retains many of the original fea­ one of Chile's most important industrial­ pies one of the most spectacular sites on tomb sites have been excavated and found tures. The surrounding lands include intact heritage sites. Nowhere else in the world Rapa Nui-a narrow tongue of rock over­ to contain extensive human and material the village, gardens, orchards, farmland, do public conveyance elevators of this type looking the Rano Kau volcano on one side remains, elaborately crafted metal and pot­ and stables. There are no modern buildings exist in such concentration or with as and cliffs descending three hundred meters tery artifacts, and elements of Liao tomb to intrude on its feeling of timelessness. broad a cultural and historical significance. to the sea on the other. The village is com­ and graveyard architecture. One section of Namseling is especially important because The elevators symbolize Valparaiso's pre­ posed of stone houses built into the hill­ these newly discovered graveyards was the noble estates of Tibet have been all but eminence as a maritime center, a position it side. Mara Ngaru, an area at the southern destroyed in June 1991 by seasonal floods, forgotten. In 1991, heavy rains brought lost after the opening of the Panama Canal end, features seven small houses arranged calling attention to the need to protect the down the already weakened roof. Extreme in 1914. Because they are still used to facili­ around a courtyard, the rocks of which are area. The ancient city wall has also been winters extended the destruction to the tate pedestrian traffic, they foster social richly carved with petroglyphs. Soil erO­ destroyed by flooding. A ten-kilometer three top stories. Large cracks in the east interaction among the inhabitants. Many sion is rapidly undermining these precious dike has been constructed to address the wing may be due to earth tremors. Appeals elevators could be lost forever due to their stone carvings and causing increasing insta­ situation, and a plan has been prepared and to save the site have gone unheeded advanced state of deterioration. The bility. Erosion has already occurred under­ approved that calls for the construction of because, as a former noble fief, it does not absence of a plan unifying community, neath the stone platform on which the pet­ two additional dikes and the conservation come under the protection of the religious municipal, and private entities in the effort roglyphs and the houses stand. This of the site's architectural features. Any community. However, the Paris-based to appreciate, conserve, and protect the ele­ process is due in part to foot traffic from delays in the implementation of this plan Shalu Association, in cooperation with a vators threatens their survival. visitors, but also to geological defects. If will result in further destruction of the site. local agency, is preparing plans to rebuild untreated, the entire area of Mara Ngaru the internal structure and roof. Only mod­ will soon slide into the sea. Rapa Nui est funding is needed to carry out this pro­ National Park is on the World Heritage ject. List.

18 19 SAN XING Dur SITE, GUANG HAN CITY LOPUD FRANCISCAN MONASTERY OLD CITY HARBOR SPLIT HISTORIC CENTER SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA DUBROVNIK-NERETVA COUNTY, CROATIA DUBROVNIK, CROATIA SPLIT, CROATIA 5TH - 3RD MILLENNIUM B.G. MAP SITE NO. 19 1400 - 30 MAP SITE NO. 20 13TH 19TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 21 A.D. 295 - PRESENT MAP SITE NO. 22

HE SURVIVAL OF A RARE EARLY SHANG CITY HE ISLANDS DOTTING THE DALMATIAN ORE THAN TWO THOUSAND MISSILES STRUCK IOCLETIAN'S SPLENDID PALACE AT SPLIT is at tisk in this increasingly populated, shoreline form one of the most beautiful Dubrovnik during the siege in 1991 and stood alone until the seventh century, when T industrialized area, and pollution and topo­ T scenic areas of the Adriatic coast. Inhabited M1992. The Old City !'Iarbor, part pf the fif­ O refugees fleeing the destruction of nearby graphical risks will no douht escalate in the since Roman times, this picturesque region teenth-century fortress wall that protected Salona, the capital of the Roman province near future. San Xing Dui (Three Stars is now largely abandoned. With Croatia's the city from military attacks over the cen­ of Dalmatia, transformed it into a town. Mound) is one of the most famous primi­ economy in shambles, these islands hold an turies, sustained numerous direct hits. Even Some twelve centuries of continuous urban tive tribal ruins in Guang Han, which is immediate potential for economic growth. before this, the wall's stability had been life have created a rich and multilayered located at the northeastern corner of the Lopud Monastery is an example of the weakened by earthquakes in 1979 and architectural identity. The historic center of Sichuan plain. Excavations in 1976 revealed many fine structures throughout the area 1995. Any delay in attention to the state of Split is today the cultural heart of the mod­ a significant early Shang Dynasty city, circa that could be reused as tourist destinations. the harbor may result in the collapse of ern city, as well as the link to a past extend­ 5000 to 3000 B.C. Beautiful gilded lion The Republic of Dubrovnik purchased these walls into the sea, placing the founda­ ing back to Roman times. Yet from the masks and sculpted representations of for­ Lopud in the eleventh century. The tions of the surrounding historic buildings moment the town exceeded the palace eign people, as well as metal vessels and monastery still has a functioning church in jeopardy. While the government allocat­ boundaries the historic nucleus began to pottery, were found. River flooding amidst ruined buildings, former gardens, an ed funds to support reconstruction after decay, as new buildings were built adjacent destroyed large sections of the ancient city unused fortress and vacant land. Because of the 1979 earthquake, only twenty-five per­ to older structures. Poor maintenance has wall. Pollution and lack of conservation the island's prominent strategic siting, it cent of the work had been finished when brought the structures to the point of col­ efforts contrihute to further degradation of became a seat for the republic's governor in war erupted. Today, available funding falls lapse. Endangered buildings comprise some the cultural relics found in the many layers 1459, and many noble families built sum­ short of what is needed to preserve the city twenty thousand square meters. In 1994 of the site. Actions to save the site would mer estates there. Earthquakes, fire, and fabric properly. Sponsorship of a conserva­ the Municipality of Split assumed responsi­ develop in three phases-site stabilization, abandonment-plus the recent war-have tion plan for the harbor, including a bility for conserving the historic core, to construction of a dike and two roads, and undermined the site's survival. Conservation detailed conditions assessment, is a high maintain the function of the historic center finally, conservation of excavated artifacts. and adaptive reuse would provide a valu­ priority for international assistance. The with its characteristic multifunctional able demonstration project. Old City ofDubrovnik is on the List ofthe aspects. Yet the municipality lacks the World Heritage in Danger. funding required for the decade-long pro­ gram that is needed. The historical complex ofsplit is on the World Heritage List.

20 21 VILLAGE OF TVRDA CONVENT OF SANTA CLARA OF ASSISI CESKY KRUMLOV GARDEN KLADRUBY BENEDICTINE MONASTERY OSIJEK, CROATIA HAVANA, CUBA CESKY KRUMLOV, CZECH REPUBLIC TACHOV DISTRICT, CZECH REPUBLIC 1730 - PRESENT MAP SITE NO. 23 1638 - 44 MAP SITE NO. 24 1550 -75 MAP SITE NO. 25 1115 - 1775 MAP SITE NO. 26

VER NINETY PERCENT OF THE BUILDINGS HE WHOLE OF HISTORIC HAVANA IS IN DIRE NKNOWN TO MOST OF THE WORLD DURING .B. SANTINI-AICHL WAS ONE OF THE in Tvrda were damaged in the Yugoslav need of conservation. Restoration and the Communist era, the town of CeskY greatest architects of baroque Europe. But O war. The historic center of the town of T reuse of the abandoned third cloister of U Krumlov, home of the Schwarzenberg his name is little known outside Central Osijek, Tvrda contains traces of a medieval Santa Clara of Assisi, the city's first con- princes, is today one of the popular tourist JEurope. From 1712 to 1726 Santini rebuilt town conquered and destroyed by the vent; will be instrumental in catalyzing an destinations of Central Europe. Its terraced the church of the Benedictine monastery at Turks in 152, as well as the Turkish town effort to conserve the old city. The cloister garden provides an essential counterpoint Kladruby-one of Central Europe's largest built on its location. At the beginning of is in a near ruinous state due to structural to the castle, one of Central Europe's most Romanesque basilicas-as a baroque edifice the eighteenth century, the Austrian failure, infiltration of water through the important architectural monuments. It con­ with Gothic highlights. Another important Empire constructed at Osijek-which it roof and up from the ground, and insect nects the castle visually and physically to architect of the era, K. 1. Dientzenhofer, had taken over in 1687-the largest fortress attack. Because the Centro N acional de the town below through its elaborate archi­ contributed to the extensive baroque on the border of the Ottoman Empire. Conservaci6n occupies the other two clois­ tecture-a cascade fountain, staircases, and rebuilding. After monastic function ceased Tvrda has survived as a unique example of ters, which have already been restored, this balustrades. The style of the garden is in 1785, subsequent incompatible uses led to an eighteenth-century baroque military, demonstration project will add to the eclectic-French-style plantings, Italianate steady deterioration. The cloister church administrative, and commercial urban cen­ resources already established at the convent rococo and neoclassical terraces, and archi­ and parts of the new convent have been ter. The recent war brought about structur­ for conservation of the Cuban heritage. tectonic forms influenced by Hapsburg open to the public since 1978. Following al damage from collapsing roofs, walls, and Except for a brief interval as a hospital dur­ Vienna. After decades of neglect, the gar­ completion of a major highway from floors. These, in turn, threaten the plaster, ing the British occupation in 1762, the den is structurally unstable and will suffer Germany to the Czech Republic, the monu­ sculpture, and murals that lack proper pro­ building served as a convent through 1921. irreversible damage without immediate ment's public profile and number of visitors tection and are subject to continuing decay. The government bought the buildings in attention. The water-distribution system are expected to increase. But the magnitude Witb an assessment of the destruction 1923, and since then, they have housed must be rebuilt, which requires dismantling of the deterioration and a lack of sufficient already in hand, funding is needed to begin government offices and storage facilities. and reassembling the fountain itself. Due to government funds delay emergency repair a reconstruction program. The Croatian Old Havana is on the World Heritage List. intractable air pollution, the sculpture and prolong public inaccessibility to the government is in the process ofproposing should be moved indoors and replaced other structures at the site. Kladruby is only Tvrda to the World Heritage List. with replicas. The historic center ofCesky one of the many enormous and important Krumlov is on the World Heritage List. baroque structures that the Czech govern­ ment currently lists as endangered.

22 23 CHURCH OF THE COMPANIA QA'ITBAY SEBIi (FOUNTAIN HOUSE) CHATEAU AQUEDUCT SAINT-EMILION MONOLITHIC CHURCH QUITO, ECUADOR CAIRO, EGYPT CASTELNAU-PEGAYROLLES, FRANCE SAINT-EMILION, FRANCE 1605 -1765 MAP SITE NO. 27 1477 78 MAP SITE NO. 28 11TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 29 11TH - 15TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 30

HE JESUIT CHURCH IN QUITO IS ONE OF ARE VERNACULAR SURVIVOR OF THE HE AQUEDUCT SYSTEM IS A RARE EXAMPLE HE SUBTERRANEAN CHURCH OF SAINT­ the most significant baroque structures of }Jfifteenth-century sultanate stands near the of medieval water architecture, which Emilion, more commonly known as the T South America. Portions of the church zhar mosque in historic Cairo. The poly­ T survived through the 1960s in essentially T (Monolith," is divided into three naves were destroyed by fire during conservation chromed ashlar-stone building housed the working order. Consisting of an aqueduct, dug into a steep rocky slope. Its bell tower, work in early 1996. The disaster calls atten­ source of water for the area. The interior cistern, irrigation system, and four rare some fifty-three meters in height, domi­ tion to the potential risks posed by the contained stone troughs, water channels, hydraulic water mills (which produced nates the town. A hermit living in the restoration process itself. Features of the and Spouts. Despite its utilitarian function, flour and oil for the community), the sys­ eighth century, the future Saint Emilion, church include a magnificent golden dome, the structure was richly decorated with an tem was central to chateau life, serving is credited with the Christian occupation an altarpiece of carved wood, and a collec­ ornate stone ceiling, wooden beams with various military, civil, agricultural, and of the area. At the end of the eleventh cen­ tion of precious objects of bronze, gold, floral patterns and sultan's emblems, metal­ industrial uses. For the past thirty years, tury, a small monastic community united and silver. Even before the fire, there were lattice windows, and an overhanging, rak­ the castle and aqueduct have been restored around Saint Emilion's tomb. The arch­ serious threats to the building-its location ing roof supported by wooden corbels. The and maintained as a historical and cultural bishop of Bordeaux reformed it in 1110, in an active seismic zone, atmospheric pol­ structure is one of the many Islamic struc­ site. But water infiltration has severely and the church was dug at this time. The lution, ground-water infiltration, past over­ tures of old Cairo that is in trouble. Rented compromised the outer layer of one of tower's three-thousand-ton weight is off cleaning of metal objects and surfaces, and to a commercial tenant and used as a store­ the castle walls, causing some large rocks center from the pillars of the church below. wood deterioration all posed problems. room, the structure has also suffered the to fall into the aqueduct. There is now a The unbalanced transfer of weight threat­ Part of a religious complex built by the ravages of time-pollution damage to the three-meter gap at the base, endangering ens the stability of the bell tower. Water Jesuits, the church sits within the educa­ stone, salt formation, biological growth on both the structure of the wall and the infiltration has aggravated the situation. tional, cultural, and spiritual center of the wooden roof, and dirt accumulation on integrity of the aqueduct. The weakened The town ofSaint-Emilion is being consid­ Quito. The city ofQuito is on the World the wall and ceiling finishes. To reclaim this wall, which forms part of the entrance ered for inscription on the World Heritage Heritage List. small architectural gem, the Cairo preserva­ path to the castle, is subjected to continu­ List. tion movement needs to act qnickly. ous stress and poses a hazard to visitors. Islamic Cairo is on the World Heritage List. In 1995, water infiltration caused another wall on the opposite side of the castle to collapse. Help is needed to stabilize this rapidly deteriorating situation.

24 25 PITARETI MONASTIC COMPLEX FESTSPIELHAUS HELLERAU ETZ HAYIM SYNAGOGUE MORUKA-WAINI CULTURAL LANDSCAPE TETRITSKARO DISTRICT, GEORGIA DRESDEN HELLERAU, GERMANY HANIA, CRETE, GREECE WARAO SETTLEMENTS, GUYANA 1216 - 22 MAP SITE NO. 31 1911 MAP SITE NO. 32 15TH -19TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 33 5TH MILLENNIUM B.C. MAP SITE NO. 34

HE TWELFTH-CENTURY KING GEORGE LED HE FESTSPlELHAUS HELLERAU IS ONE OF HIS SYNAGOGUE IS THE ONLY SURVIVING OREST EXPLOITATION IS DAMAGING THE his namesake country into a golden age of the birthplaces of modernism as well as an Jewish monument on the island of Crete. ancient heartland of the Warao, one of the political unification and artistic flowering. important artifact of European architectural T T T It was originally constructed. as a-.,church Foldest cultures of the region. The Warao The Pitareti Church of the Holy Virgin is and cultural history. Designed by Heinrich in the fifteenth century, during Venetian have occupied the various shell mounds a foremost example of Georgian domed Tessenow to house the Rhythmic Dance rule. In the late seventeenth century it was between the Orinoco Delta and the mouth ecclesiastical architecture at the height of School of Jacques Da1croze and the innova­ converted to Jewish use, and numerous of the Amazon dating back about 7000 his reign. A preeminent monastery through tive stage designs of Adolphe Appia, the inscriptions document its subsequent his­ years. These coastal shell mounds represent the early eighteenth century, it was closed Festspielhaus introduced new concepts tory. Jews played a vital role in the Cretan a system of reciprocal exchange that led to permanently in 1731 after numerous inva­ regarding the unity of the arts-architec­ community, particularly during the period the development of the dugout canoe and sions. The building then fell into gradual ture, music, dance, and theater. The institute of Ottoman rule beginning in 1669. The consequent colonization of the Antilles. decay. Earthquakes and the uneven subsi­ rapidly gained worldwide attention until Ottomans formally left in 1896, and Greece Excavation of the prehistoric Warao settle­ dence of the foundations have caused Da1croze's departure from Germany during annexed Crete in 1913. During this time ments has helped scientists to understand destruction of masonry and of important World War 1. In 1938 it became a police Jews emigrated steadily, and by 1941 there coastal evolution and to identify episodes fifteenth-century murals, which are vulner­ academy and then an SS barracks. Under were only 376 remaining. The Germans of climatic change. It also presents a unique able to leaks. A devastating earthquake in Communism the Soviet Army occupied the deported them in 1944 and they died after opportunity to educate surviving Warao 1988 damaged the dome, the monolithic Festspielhaus, which deteriorated due to their transport ship was bombed and sunk groups about their heritage. Approximately roof construction, and the fOOf'S stone neglect. Germans were forbidden to enter by the Allies. Only recently have efforts half of the known mounds have been exca­ plaques. Political upheaval in the 1990s and only occasional maintenance took been made to reclaim and restore the struc­ vated, and key aspects of Warao cultural forced the abandonment of the village and place. Liberated in 1990, the building can ture, which was damaged by a bomb in history have been reconstructed. Now, the loss of a continuous human presence. now be returned to appropriate use and its 1941. The building is prominent within the with increasing development pressures in Now, the Georgian government hopes to rich history preserved. Recognition by the fabric of the historic old Venetian port, and the region, international recognition is resettle Pitareti. The World Monuments international community is key to ensuring will be lost within ten years in the absence needed to catalyze an effort to develop a Watch spotlight on the church is meant to the survival of the Festspielhaus as a of treatment. A full building survey and tourism- and conservation-management reinforce this process and ensure that the dynamic center for culture in Europe. preservation plan must be prepared, fol­ program. Interpretive exhibits installed in resettlement program respects the essential lowed by repair and conservation. kiosks will help raise awareness of the area qualities of the site. and the need to conserve it.

26 27 ROYAL GARDEN PAVILIONS JAISALMER FORT TAJ MAHAL BOROBUDUR BUDAPEST, HUNGARY JAISALMER, RAJASTHAN, INDIA AGRA, INDIA CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA 1875 - 82 MAP SITE NO. 35 12TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 36 1632-43 MAP SITE NO. 37 9TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 38

HE BELl.E EPOQUE ARCHITECTURE OF AISALMER IS A WALLED COMPl.EX OF HE TAl MAHAL, MARBLE TOMB FOR HE POPULARITY OF A RELIGIOUS SITE CAN Budapest evokes a feeling of prosperity and palaces, temples, and houses located in the Mumtaz Mahal, wife of emperor Shah threaten both its spiritual quality and its elan in this great European capital. Miklos Thar desert in West Rajasthan. The city of Jahan, is considered the epitome of Mughal physical fabric. Unless ways can be identi­ T T o ' T Ybl's Royal Garden Pavilions, lying along JJaisalmer was founded in A.D. 1156 by monumental domed tombs set in a garden. fied to provide for an improved presenta- the Danube riverfront, are an exemplary Rao Jaisalji as a military fort on the east- The environment of Agra is today beset tion of Borobudur, serious compromise of landmark of this period. The pavilions west caravan route. Jaisalmer is built of with problems relating to the inadequacy the visitor experience and deterioration of were constructed after the unification of golden-colored sandstone, adorned with of its urban infrastructure for transporta­ the monument will continue. For centuries, Buda, Obuda, and Pest as one city­ exquisite carvings. Today, Jaisalmer is the tion, water, and electricity. The densest pol­ pilgrims have traveled from throughout the Budapest. Visually, they unify Buda's only fortress in India that continues to lution near the Taj Mahal is caused by resi­ region to experience the majestic expres­ Castle Hill and the Danube banks as a sin­ function as a living and working commu­ dential fuel combustion, diesel trains and sion of the serene Mahayana Buddhist gle tableau. The neglected gardens are in a nity. Until about twenty years ago, it buses, and back-up generators. Construction world view, expressed in the temple's state of decay. There is not sufficient pro­ remained relatively untouched by tourism. of the proposed Agra Ring Road and «(stairway to enlightenment" layout and tection from vandalism, automobile pollu­ Over the past few years it has become a Bypass that would divert the estimated illustrated in the carved panels that encircle tion, and traffic vibration-all of which are major tourist destination. Jaisalmer faces daily 650,000 tons of trans-India truck it. Tourism- and site-management plans, eroding the architectural elements, the serious pressures from its population and traffic awaits financing. Strict controls which are the last phase of the UNESCO sculpture, and the mosaics. The pavilions' from tourists. Demands for increased water on industrial pollution established in 1982 restoration launched in 1972, have not yet survival is in danger. Collapse could occur supply have not been matcbed with are being intensively enforced following a been fully realized, but efforts continue to within three to five years. In spite of the drainage facilities. Sewage dumped in the 1993 Supreme Court order. The Asian address the questions of uncontrolled immense size of the structure, a modest streets is seeping below the buildings and Development Bank's proposed $300 mil­ spread of vendors on site and the growth of pilot project would serve as a catalyst to disrupting the foundations. Of the 469 his­ lion loan to the Indian government to visitor facilities. A site-management strate­ encourage authorities to assume the legal toric buildings, 87 have collapsed and many finance infrastructure improvements gy that addresses both short-term and and financial responsibility needed to more are in poor condition. A formal con­ would provide the opportunity to solve long-term preservation and economic con­ ensure the site 1s proper protection. servation plan and program is needed for the chronic problems. Agra contains three cerns, proposed in January 1995, is desper­ Budapest-including the banks ofthe the city of Jaisalmer. Efforts to raise funds World Heritage Sites, including the Taj ately needed. The Borobudur Temple Danube with the district ofthe Buda in India need to be supplemented with Mahal. Compounds are on the World Heritage Castle-is on the World Heritage List. funding from outside the country. List.

28 29 CLONMACNOISE NEW GRAVEYARD GEMEINDEHAUS, GERMAN COLONY THE WHITE CITY ANCIENT POMPEII COUNTY OFFALY, IRELAND HAIFA, ISRAEL TEL AVIV, ISRAEL POMPEII (NAPLES), ITALY 6TH - 13TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 39 1869 MAP SITE NO. 40 1930-39 MAP SITE NO. 41 1ST c. B.C. -1ST C. A.D. MAP SITE NO. 42

LONMACNOISE IS A BEAUTIFUL COMPLEX OF N 1868 A SMALL BAND OF SCHISMATIC HE WHITE CITY PROVIDES A CAPSULE OMPEII, BURIED BY THE ERUPTION OF ruins-churches, towers) a castle, three German Lutherans-called the Templars­ history of international modern archi­ Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79, is one of the C high crosses, and hundreds of Early I established a colony in Haifa. Characteris­ T tecture. Influenced by the Bauhaus, Le Pworld's most important archaeological Christian cross slabs. Until recently no one tically German architecture bespeaks the Corbusier, and Erich Mendelsohn, archi- inheritances. Covering approximately sixty- knew the breadth of the archaeological immrgrants' abiding nationalism in their tects who fled Europe in the 1930s created six hectares (163 acres), Pompeii is an open­ wealth within the grounds adjacent to the new home and gives their former neighbor­ an architectural idiom to address climatic, air museum of fifteen hundred buildings, sixth-century monastery. This is one of the hood in Haifa a distinctly European flavor. regional, and traditional building issues. comprising one million square meters of most intact and scenic early monastic sites The Gemeindehaus was built to accommo­ The construction boom that they led walls adorned with twenty thousand square in Ireland. The monastery flourished for date the Templar community school and a shaped the identity of the emerging city of meters of frescoes. Pompeii desperately seven centuries and withstood numerous house of prayer. At the beginning of World Tel Aviv. Although one thousand buildings needs repair. Not only is the area unstable incidents of fire and plunder. In 1214, War II, the British authorities in Palestine in the historic center have been designated geologically, but the ruins have been Norman conquerors built a castle at the expelled the Templars, and they were repa­ for preservation, neglect and lack of knowl­ exposed to the weather for nearly 250 years. site. Gaelic control resumed later in the triated. Today the Gemeindehaus stands edge of appropriate restoration techniques Like living cities, ancient Pompeii requires century, but the monastery never regained abandoned; the loss of its roof to vandalism have prevented appropriate maintenance. continuing public works and surveillance. its importance. Shortly after attack and and fire leaves it exposed to the elements, Plans for the revitalization of the city Excavated since 1748, it has never had a devastation in 1552 by the English, the dio­ hastening deterioration. Lack of funds pre­ would allow stories to be added to the concerted conservation effort commensu­ cese was absorbed by its larger neighbor, vents the undertaking of repairs and con­ buildings, including those designated for rate with its scale. A general plan of restora­ Meath. Since the 1950s, the grounds adja­ servation. Only if a new use is found for preservation. The result would be disas­ tion and interpretation of ancient Pompeii cent to the monastery walls have served as the Gemeindehaus will its continued exis­ trous-an alteration of scale through the needs to begin in earnest. As a start, the a graveyard. Its planned expansion will tence be assured. destruction of the architects' minimalist lan­ World Monuments Watch has been asked to threaten newly discovered ancient remains guage. World Monuments Watch listing sponsor the emergency conservation of the that lie below it. Use of the adjacent fields supports the efforts of preservationists to tomb of Vestorio Prisco, whose frescoes should be stopped to preserve the integrity document key examples of twentieth-centu­ celebrate the generosity of this young mag­ of the site. ry architecture such as the White City and istrate who died only a few years before the raise public awareness regarding their very city's tragic end. urgent conservation needs.

30 31 WORLD MONUMENTS WATCH 100 MOST ENDANGERED SITES ~ 1996

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32 33 SITE NAME, CITY, 23 Village of Tvrda, 43 Bartolomeo 65 Mozambique 85 Ayuttaya & Other COUNTRY Osijck, Croatia Colleoni Monument, Island, Nampula Flooded Sites along 1 Burrint 24 Convent of Santa Venice, Italy Province, Mozambique Chao Praya River, Archaeological Site, Clara of Assisi, Havana, 44 Garden of Villa 66 Gombas of Upper Thailand Sarande, Albania Cuba Medici at Castello, Mustang, Lo Manthang, 86 Ani Archaeological 2 San Ignacio Mini, 25 Cesky Krumlov Florence, Italy Upper Mustang, Nepal Site, Ocarli Koyil, Kars, San Ignacio, Argentina Garden, Cesky 45 Grottos of San 67 Teku Thapatali Turkey 3 Belvedere Gardens, Krumlov, Czech Michele, Salerno, Italy Monument Zone, 87 <;:atal Hiiyiik, Vienna, Austria Republic 46 Neopitagorica Bagmati River, Kii,iikkoy, Turkey 4 Franciscan Church, 26 Kladruby Basilica at Porta Kathmandu, Nepal 66 Hagia Sophia, Vienna, Austria Benedictine Monastery, Maggiore, Rome, Italy 68 Vaga Old Church, Istanbul, Turkey 5 Morgan Lewis Kladruby, Tachov 47 Nero's Palace­ Vagamo, Oppland 89 Ancient Sugar Mill, St, Andrew, District, Czech Republic Domus Aurea, Rome, County, Norway Chersonesos, Sevastopol, Barbados 27 Church of the Italy 69 Tamba Wari, Indus Crimea, Ukraine 6 Tour and Taxis Compania, Quito, 48 Ruins on the River River Delta, Sindh, 90 Adobe Missions, (transport hub), Ecuador Centa, Albenga Pakistan New Mexico, United Bmssels, Belgium 28 Qa'itbay Sebil (Savona), Italy 70 Historic Center of States of America 7 El Pilar (Fountain House), 49 San Giacomo Cusco, Cusco, Peru 91 Chaco Culture Archaeological Reserve, Cairo, Egypt Maggiore Portico, 71 Murals of the National Historic Park, Belize River Area, 29 Chateau Aqueduct, Bologna, Italy Allauca Church, McKinley County, New Belize Castelnau-Pegayrolles, 50 Santa Maria in Rapaz, Peru Mexico, United States of France 8 Royal Palaces of Stelle, Verona, Italy 72 Angono America BARTOLOMEO COLLEONI MONUMENT GARDEN OF VILLA MEDICI AT CASTELLO Benin, Abomey and 30 Saint-Emilion 51 Sts. Ambrogio and Petroglyphs, Rizal, 92 Eastern State Porto-Novo, Benin Monolithic Church, Carlo al Corso, Rome, Philippines Penitentiary, Phila­ VENICE, ITALY FLORENCE, ITALY 9 Village of PoCitelj, Saint-Ernilion, France Italy 73 Debno Parish delphia, Pennsylvania, 1488 - 96 MAP SITE NO, 43 1500 - 1799 MAP SITE NO, 44 PoCitelj, Bosnia and 31 Pitareti Monastic 52 Temple of Hercules, Church, Nowy Targ, United States of America Herzegovina Complex, Tetritskaro Forum Boarium, Rome, Poland 93 Ellis Island, Statue 10 Serra da Capivara District, Georgia Italy 74 Our Lady's of Liberty National HE EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF BARTOLOMEO HE GARDEN OF THE VILLA MEDICI AT National Park, Sao 32 Festspielhaus 53 Southern Temple, Assumption Basilica, Monument, New York, Raimundo Narrato, Hellerau, Dresden Wadi Mousa, Petra, Cracow, Poland New York, United Colleoni, sculpted by Andrea del Castello is the prototype for sixteenth-cen­ Hellerau, Germany States of America Piaui, Brazil Jordan 75 Prozna Street, Verrocchio and cast by Alessandro tury Italian gardens, Nicolo Tribolo devel­ 11 Ivanovo Rock 33 Etz Hayim Warsaw, Poland 94 Golden Gate Park T T 54 Vat Sisaket, Leopardi, is one of the great colossal oped an iconographic program honoring Chapels, Rousse Region, Synagogue, Hania, Vientiane, Laos 76 Coa Valley Conservatory, San Francisco, California, Bulgaria Crete, Greece 55 Abava Valley Petroglyphs, Vila Nova bronzes of the fifteenth century, which the illustrious dominion of Tuscany under United States of 12 Madara Horseman, 34 Monlka-Waini Cultural Landscape, de Foz Coa, Portugal America began an Italian revival of the Roman tradi­ the new government of Cosimo I de Kaspichan, Bulgaria Cultural Landscape, Kurzeme District, 77 Brancusi's Endless Medici, Highlights include the great foun­ 13 Angkor Warao Settlements, Latvia Column, Targu-Jiu, 95 Holy Ascension tion of equestrian monuments. Riding high Russian Ortbodox Archaeological District, Guyana 56 Ancient Tyre, Romania above the Campo San Giovanni e Paolo, tain of Hercules and Antaeus (by Tribolo Church, Unalaska, Siem Reap, Cambodia 35 Royal Garden Tyre, Lebanon 78 Romano Catholic Alaska, United States of General Colleoni and his horse form one and Pierino da Vinci, surmounted by the 14 Churches of Chiloe, Pavilions, Budapest, 57 Djenne-Djeno Church, Ghelinta, America of Venice's most striking urban composi­ bronze statue group by Ammannati) and Chiloe Archipelago, Hungaty Archaeological Site, Romania 96 Lafayette Ceme­ Chile 36 Jaisalmer Fort, Djenne, Mali 79 Alexander Palace, tions, The statue was last restored in 1919. Ammannati's grotto which was once ani­ tery No.1, New Orleans, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, Tsarskoje Selo, St. 15 Elevators of 58 Church of]esus Louisiana, United States Exposed to the elements, it has fallen prey mated by spectacular waterworks. Today India Petersburg, Russia Valparafso, Valparaiso, Nazareno, Atotonilco, of America Chile 37 Taj Mahal, Guanajuato, Mexico to the aggressive environment of the the garden provides the area with recre­ 80 Kizhi Pogost, Kizhi 97 Minh Mang Tomb, Agra, India Island, Lake Onega, Veneto region, where salt from the lagoon ational space, Air pollution has caused the 16 Orango, Easter 59 Modern Mural Hue City, Vietnam Island, Chile 38 Borobudur, Paintings, Various build­ Russia 98 My Son Temple and pollutants mix with the humid air, stonework and sculptures to deteriorate. Central Java, Indonesia ings, Mexico 81 Paanajarvi Village, 17 Liao Dynasty Site, District, Duy Xuyen 39 Clonmacnoise New Kemi Province, Russia Active corrosion is eroding the surface of Attention is needed to return this great site Chi Feng City, Inner 60 San Juan de Ulua District, Vietnam Mongolia, China Graveyard, County Fort, Veracruz, Mexico the sculpture and, if left unchecked, may to a condition of optimum protection and 82 Moorish Houses of 99 Subotica Syna­ 18 Offaly, Ireland Granada, Granada, N amseling Manor, 61 Yucatin Indian gogue, Subotica, weaken the iron armature. Conservation maintenance. A master plan is being devel­ 40 Gemeindehaus, Spain Drachi, Tibet, China Chapels, Yucatan Yugoslavia German Colony, Peninsula, Mexico will begin with a diagnostic survey of the oped to replicate endangered sculpture and 19 San Xing Dui Site, 83 Jodensavanne, 100 Khami National Haifa, Israel ]odensavanne, Suriname state of decay, The problems of the display the originals indoors. Restoration Sichuan Province, China 62 Bogd Khaan Palace Monument, Bulawayo, 41 The White City, 20 Lopud Franciscan Museum, Ulaanbaatar 84 Kilwa Kisiwani Zimbabwe Colleoni statue are emblematic of those of a niche and replication of its sculpture Monastery, Dubrovnik­ Tel Aviv, Israel Town, Mongolia Portuguese Fort, facing bronze sculptures in urban environ­ have been proposed as a demonstration Neretva County, 42 Ancient Pompeii, 63 Medieval Sijilmassa, Lindi Region, Tanzania Croatia Pompeii (Naples), Italy Rissani, Morocco ments, Venice is on the World Heritage project to raise public awareness and 21 Old City Harbor, 64 Rabbi Shlomo Ibn List, encourage further support. Dubrovnik, Croatia Danan and Mansano 22 Split Historic Synagogues, Fez, Center, Split, Croatia Morocco

34 35 GROTTOS OF SAN MICHELE NEOPITAGORICA BASILICA AT NERO'S PALACE - DOMUS AUREA RUINS ON THE RIVER CENTA SALERNO, ITALY PORTA MAGGIORE, ROME, ITALY ROME, ITALY ALBENGA (SAVONA), ITALY 8TH - 9TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 45 1ST CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 46 A.D. 64 MAP SITE NO. 47 1ST c. S.c. -1ST C. A.D. MAP SITE NO. 48

RIENTAL INFLUENCES FROM THE OMAN ARISTOCRATS IN THE FIRST CENTURY ISCOVERED ABOUT 1480, THE DOMUS LBlNGAUNUM, THE WEALTHY ROMAN CITY monastic communities that settled A.D. who were dedicated to the doctrines Aurea, Nero's Golden Palace, was the along the River Centa, was important both O along the southern Italian coast can R of Neo-Pythagoreanism commissioned this D major source of info~mationabOln ancient A strategically and commercially because of be found in these large and complex deco- basilica, a structure whose layout of three Roman painting and decoration for its position as a gateway to the fertile plains rated granos, which comprise seven naves and a central apse provides a critical Renaissance artists. Although much has of Northern Italy and Gaul, and as a major chapels in an extensive natural cavern. The link to traditional Christian churches. The been lost, the rooms occupied by the port with access to the Mediterranean Sea. site retains traces of settlements dating stucco decorations and wall paintings arc emperor himself, covering approximately Today the Ligurian region, including the from the neolithic period. The chapels are perhaps the most extensive and best-pre­ ten thousand square meters, remain largely modern town of Albenga, is plagued by of rustic construction. The largest is deco­ served cycle to survive from this period. intact, serving as the substructure of the chronic flooding. To relieve this problem, rated with a fresco cycle from the eighth The basilica lies twenty meters below a Baths of Trajan. Salt crystallization, calci­ widening the riverbed has been proposed. and ninth centuries, an epoch otherwise nearby railroad and suffers from constant um deposits, pollutant crusts, and biologi­ In the dredging process, though, significant poorly documented in this part of Italy. vibrations. Water permeates the basilica cal growth obscure the beauty of the deco­ and as-yet-unexcavated ancient Roman Their decoration is comparable with the and the plaster surfaces are peeling. The rations and threaten their survival. Lack of ruins would be destroyed, including an better-known examples at San Vincenzo in Italian government and the State Railways knowledge regarding the degree of deterio­ aqueduct, a bath complex, a burial ground, Volturno. High humidity has caused on­ Corporation have funded an action plan ration increases of the frescoes increases the and stretches of the ancient city walls. A going deterioration of the frescoes, and the that calls for draining, waterproofing and real risk of their loss. A detailed analytical court order blocking the project is under poor construction materials of the chapels ventilating the structure; funds are still study of the frescoes and stuccoes in all the appeal and may be overturned. A timely require extensive maintenance. The works needed to conserve the decorative plaster rooms in the palace is urgently needed in evaluation, jointly conducted by engineers are vulnerable to vandalism and theft. To work and the frescoes, the key attributes of order to elaborate an appropriate conserva­ and archaeologists, of the impacts and be saved, these isolated works of archaeo­ this remarkable monument. The historic tion strategy. The historic center ofRome is alternatives is needed to forestall the pro­ logical importance must be thoroughly center ofRome is on the World Heritage on the World Heritage List. posed dredging. An expression of concern monitored, and visitor access strictly con­ List. from outside the region will bolster local trolled. preservation efforts. Focusing broader attention on the importance of studying alternative solutions is the purpose of this listing.

36 37 SAN GIACOMO MAGGIORE PORTICO SANTA MARIA IN STELLE STS. AMBROGIO AND CARLO AL CORSO TEMPLE OF HERCULES, FORUM BOARIUM BOLOGNA, ITALY VERONA, ITALY ROME, ITALY ROME, ITALY 1477 - 81 MAP SITE NO. 49 2ND - 5TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 50 1612 -1685 MAP SITE NO. 51 179 -142 E.C. MAP SITE NO. 52

AN GIACOMO MAGGIORE BOASTS AN ANTA MARIA IN STELLE, A GROTTO CUT HE BASILICA IS A HIGHLIGHT OF THE LATE HE TEMPLE OF HERCUl.ES, ONE OF ROME'S elegant portico-the only one of into a hillside along a stream near Verona, baroque in Rome. In 1471 Pope Sixtus IV most famous ancient monuments, is crum­ SRenaissance style in Bologna-along its Sdates from the second century A.D. T granted the Lombard Archconfraternity a T bling. For nearly twenty-two hundred northern side. The portico connects the Originally used as a site for the worship of small medieval church. The old church was years the circular temple, which is also church to the smaller church of Santa wooclland nymphs, it was converted in the demolished and reconstructed in 1513. In known as the Temple of Vesta, has stood Cecilia, providing both structures with a fifth century to a church and decorated 1610 a new and larger church was con­ near the Tiber River in the Forum unifying architectural element of excep­ with Christian frescoes and mosaic floors, ceived to honor St. Carlo Borromeo's can­ Boarium. Today, the foundation is serious­ tional merit. Its Ornate frieze of poly­ which are among the earliest examples of onization. While many architects were ly eroded, its finely carved Pentellic marble chromed terra-cotta grotesques-coated to their type to survive today. Moisture prob­ involved in the design of the ornate interi­ columns lean out of plumb, and rusting look like marble-is an early example of lems from precipitation and an adjacent or, Onorio and Martino Longhi and Pietro iron clamps inserted in an 1810 restoration the use of one material to imitate another. stream have resulted in the weakening of cia Cortona were its primary authors. have caused the marble to splinter with Neglect has undermined the structure. wall structures and finishes. Large sections Cartana is renowned for his dome, one of great frequency. A minor earthquake could Decaying stone threatens the stability of of the wall frescoes are peeling away, and the most striking of the city skyline. topple the fragile structure. Conservation the thirty-six columns supporting the discoloration from staining and calcium Damaged lead on the six side cupolas will involve strengthening the structure arcade, and some sections of the crowning carbonate deposits reduces the legibility of exposes them to the elements. Water enter­ through a noninvasive treatment that will frieze have in fact collapsed. Air pollution these rare Early Christian paintings. ing through the roof is damaging the build­ not alter the ancient marbles. Conservation and leaking roofs are not the only prob­ Humidity levels must be controlled at the ing,s wooden frame. Marble slabs lining the plans also call for preserving the early lems; students from the nearby university site in order to save the surviving frescoes walls have loosened; pollution and dirt twelfth century Christian frescoes on the are responsible for acts of ongoing vandal­ and mosaics. A preliminary study to now threaten the plaster. Frescoes, stuc­ interior, completing necessary excavations, ism. Public advocacy and private support understand the causes of the deterioration coes, rich decorative work, and the crypt and restoring the original ground level are needed to spur a conservation project and to develop a method to stem the dam­ are in a serious state of decay. Although around the temple's repaired foundation. that includes consolidation of areas threat­ age is the first step toward planning the significant funding is required to restore The historic center ofRome is on the World ened with unrecoverable loss, cleaning of safest way to permit public access. the church, its listing will focus attention Heritage List. the surfaces) and restoration of deteriorated on completing the effort to save a signifi­ elements and flaking surfaces. cant baroque monument. The historic cen­ ter ofRome is on the World Heritage List.

38 39 SOUTHERN TEMPLE, WADI MOUSA VAT SISAKET ABAVA VALLEY CULTURAL LANDSCAPE ANCIENT TYRE PETRA, JORDAN VIENTIANE, LAOS KURZEME DISTRICT, LATVIA TYRE, LEBANON 1ST- 6TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 53 1819-25 MAP SITE NO. 54 13TH -19TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 55 3RD MILLENNIUM B.G. - PRESENT MAP SITE NO. 56

HE DECAY 01' PETRA IS ALMOST AS FAMED AS AT SISAKET IS THE ONLY REMNANT OF PIO PRIVATIZATION THREATENS A TYPICAL OWN FOR ITS BEAUTY AND ITS STRATEGIC its delicate beauty. Petra is constantly Buddhist architecture of its time. Built rural landscape complete with historic ~position on the Mediterranean, the ancient Tthreatened by flash floods and earthquakes. Vshortly before the Siamese invasion of Itowns, wildlife preseryes, and the 'j'orld's hoenician city of Tyre possesses a rich, In January 1996 the Petra area suffered two 1828, it is the only monastery that they northernmost medieval vineyards. Since long history. Tyre's achievements include substantial earthquakes; the extent of dam­ spared. That the complex survived might 1991 an area near Pedvale has been an the founding of its eventual rival, Carthage; age is uncertain. Petra is in large part cut be explained by the Siamese stylistic influ­ open-air art museum for works made there major contribution to the building of the into the red sandstone hillside. Located in ences that can be traced back to its founder, by Latvian and foreign artists. The region Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem; and inven­ the center of Petra, the massive Southern King Chao Anou, who was raised and edu­ developed in the Middle Ages along the tion of the famous purple pigment. The Temple, more than twenty meters high, cated in Siam. The future king of Laos road to Germany that followed the course Babylonians laid siege to Tyre in the sixth was once white-stuccoed, which must have drew inspiration from the monasteries that of the Abava River. Natural features century B.c.; Alexander the Great con­ produced a dramatic effect when set against surrounded him in his childhood, which include rapids and waterfalls, caves and quered the city in 332 B.C. and joined the its rose red backdrop. After millennia of included interpretations of the ceilings of ledges, and over eight hundred species of island of Tyre to the mainland, creating the erosion, water intrusion, and seismic vibra­ seventeenth-century Loire chateaux. plants and animals. The architectural her­ present landscape. In A.D. 636 the Roman tions, Petra's freestanding wall construc­ Threats include deteriorating roof tiles, itage includes the medieval center of city fell and remained under Arab domina­ tions and cliff structures are very fragile. rafters, and lintels; termite attack; and Kandava, Sabile's abandoned vineyards, the tion until taken by the Crusaders in 1124. Pot hunters are an additional problem. A sculptural degradation due to lack of pro­ country estate of Pedvale, and many other The Mamelukes nearly destroyed Tyre in holistic study of Petra's conservation needs tection and maintenance. The monuments eighteenth- and nineteenth-century build­ the thirteenth century. Today, develop­ is proposed by the Jordanian government. must be protected from water penetration. ings. Insensitive development, in the face of ment-urban, industrial, and commercial­ A, permanent, well-equipped on-site con­ One stupa is in a critical state of deteriora­ the pressures of rapid privatization, may threatens the monumental ruins. A master servation laboratory and an artifact storage tion; the absence of a proper coating has lead to the subdivision of lots and to con­ plan is needed to prevent the catastrophic facility are needed, including equipment, left the masonry unprotected from the ele­ struction that would irreversibly change loss of extant portions of ancient Tyre by such as trucks and front loaders. ments and has caused severe water damage. the historic rural landscape. International ensuring that contemporary growth pro­ Scaffolding and consolidation materials are Eventually, restoration of exposed wood­ recognition will catalyze the effort to vides for the survival of the ancient city. needed to carry out archaeological first aid. work will also be necessary. establish a conservation area and to imple­ Tyre is on the World Heritage List and its Petra is on the World Heritage List. ment a legal framework for development. preservation is foreseen as a UNESCO International Safeguarding Campaign.

40 41 DJENNE-DJENO ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE CHURCH OF JESUS NAZARENO MODERN MURAL PAINTINGS SAN JUAN DE ULUA FORT DJENNE, MALI ATOTONILCO, GUANAJUATO, MEXICO VARIOUS CITIES, MEXICO VERACRUZ, MEXICO 3RD c. H.C. - 13TH C. A.D. MAP SITE NO. 57 1740 -76 MAP SITE NO. 58 1920 - 50 MAP SITE NO. 59 1535-1786 MAP SITE NO. 60

EALERS SEARCHING FOR THE EVOCATIVE OR MORE THAN TWO HUNDRED YEARS ARLY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY THE AN JUAN DE ULUA MARKS THE SITE OF THE ancient terra-cotta figurines that have Atotonilco has been the destination for post-revolutionary government of Mexico beginning and end of Spanish domination in D made Djenne famous are undermining the Freligious pilgrimages that annually bring Ecommissioned artists to portray the new SMexico. The island was discovered in 1518 equally important architectural fabric of tens of thousands of people to worship social and political ideas of the era. by the adventurer Juan de Grijalva, and con- what is considered the most beautiful at the richly decorated altars of Jesus Combining European and indigenous struction of the fort began in 1535. It was ancient city of sub-Saharan Africa. Djenne N azareno. Constructed between 1740 and techniques, artists such as Diego Rivera, the first port in America and served both as is the oldest site of its kind, having flour­ 1776, the Church of Jesus Nazareno of Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro the entrance point for missionaries and as an ished as a commercial city between 250 Atotonilco is famous for its murals, which Siqueiros left a wealth of eloquent and his­ important link in the coastal defense system. B.C. and A.D. 500. It was occupied until embody a syncretic iconography mixing torically significant murals that are still on In the eighteenth century, the fort contained the thirteenth century, when inhabitants traditional Biblical imagery with represen­ display in public buildings throughout the greatest concentration of riches in the moved three kilometers to the north to the tations of native religious beliefs. Just Mexico. Due to Mexico's position along an Americas and was at the vanguard of mili­ modern Djenne. In the mid-1980s strict outside the prosperous tourist center of active fault, though, these buildings are tary engineering and design. Its capture in laws were enacted to stem the loss of arti­ San Miguel de Allende, the village of continually subjected to earthquakes. 1825 by Sainz de Baranda marked the end of facts from looting and illicit trade. Erosion Atotonilco is also an important historical Tremors and settling cause cracks, damag­ Spanish rule. Almost three-quarters of the and unstable topography also pose threats site and lacks an adequate infrastructure to ing the murals and allowing water penetra­ surviving structure has deteriorated. Because to the region. To stabilize the situation, the handle its many visitors. Time and neglect tion, leading to further destruction. To pre­ it was built on sand, settling has led to frac­ site needs to be replanted, and barriers and have caused the deterioration of the serve the murals for the future, massive tures and cJUmbling of the architectural ele­ windbreaks need to be constructed to slow church, where rainwater infiltration, foundation reinforcements are needed, at ments. Capillary action within the walls soil erosion. An on-site museum would extremes of temperature, and smoke from very significant cost. This work has not makes repair problematic. Located in the improve visitor understanding and discour­ votive candles over many years have threat­ been carried out, in part because of the heart of the city's port, the fort is exposed to age villagers from participating in the pil­ ened the rich collection of murals. A pri­ division of responsibilities for the struc­ humidity and air and water pollution, and lage of antiquities. Without reforestation vate Mexican conservation group, Adopte tures among different Mexican national and access is difficult. Despite these problems, and other measures, the site will collapse. una Obra de Arte, has chosen Atotonilco local authorities. In the absence of overall San Juan de Ulua offers an extraordinary Djenne is on the World Heritage List. for a long-term preservation campaign, but coordination for conservation and adequate opportunity to present the history of one of it needs assistance from San Miguel de funds to support the work, these key cul­ Europe's first encounters with the Americas. Allende's many international visitors. tural assets remain at risk.

42 43 YUCATAN INDIAN CHAPELS BOGD KHAAN PALACE MUSEUM MEDIEVAL SIJILMASSA RABBI SHLOMO IBN DANAN AND YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO ULAANBAATAR TOWN, MONGOLIA RISSANI, MOROCCO MANSANO SYNAGOGUES, FEZ, MOROCCO 16TH -18TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 61 1893 -1903 MAP SITE NO. 62 757 -1393 MAP SITE NO. 63 17TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 64

ACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE MISMATCH ACH BOGD KHAAN (HEAD OF THE STATE SING ON THE BANKS OF THE OVED ZIZ HE MEDINA OF FEZ HAS TRADITIONALLY between modern materials and traditional and religion) had his own temple-palace in River, Sijilmassa grew wealthy as a gold­ supported a diverse culture, including a Lconstruction techniques is resulting in the Ewhich he lived and prayed. This site was R: rade-route city in the Middle Ages. The T substantial Jewish population. In the last complete destruction or severe scarring of built for the last Khaan VIII Bogd of entire city is constructed of mud brick, fifty years, Jews have abandoned Morocco over one hundred ecclesiastical buildings­ Mongolia. The temple, constructed of which requires constant maintenance and and the other Arab countries of North formerly known as "Indian chapels" (capil­ wood without the use of nails and with renewal in order to survive. Although the Africa, leaving behind a rich legacy of las de indios)-scattered throughout the notched joinery, is colorfully decorated, great mosque is intact and was last rebuilt buildings that are increasingly falling into Yucatan Peninsula. The chapels arose as and now serves as a museum housing cul­ in 1796, many of the other structures are in decline as the Jewish community diminish­ early as the sixteenth century to provide tural artifacts. Sacred to Mongolians, the decline. The outlines of the city have been es. The synagogues of Fez are located in sacred spaces for congregations lacking res­ Bogd Khaan Palace Museum is unique and determined through archaeological excava­ the heart of the commercial center. Their ident priests. These chapels-vaulted sanc­ irreplaceable. It is one of the. only cultural tions begun in 1988. With the completion noble proportions and rich interiors make tuaries with bell towers, parapets, and buildings to survive the Soviet regime in of these excavations in 1996, the long-term them worthy of preservation and public other elements-were generally decorated Mongolia. The wood buildings have sur­ conservation of the site must be addressed. use. The Ibn Danan synagogue, still pri­ with murals painted by Maya artists under vived but have deteriorated over time due This program would necessarily involve vately owned, contains perhaps the only the supervision of Spanish missionaries. to the harsh environment. The main build­ the local population, providing jobs and an complete set of Moroccan synagogue fit­ Some of the chapels are still in use, often as ing suffers from subsidence of the founda­ impetus for people to remain in the area, tings in existence, including the reader's the community's spiritual and cultural cen­ tions. International funds are needed to helping to enliven and conserve the town. platform and the ark for the Torah, bench­ ter. Inappropriate alterations using incom­ finance the restoration and protection of Without such a program, the opportunity es, chairs, and embroidered hangings. The patible materials are occurring throughout this complex under the supervision of out­ to understand and interpret Sijilmassa's Mansano synagogue, in an advanced state the peninsula. At least two of the chapels side technical advisors. ancient remains will be lost within a of deterioration, still boasts a genuine should be properly restored as models to decade. decor. The Jewish communities of Fez and follow, and the clergy and parishioners Casablanca are struggling to preserve these need to be informed about affordable, buildings as an essential part of the her­ appropriate rebuilding methods. The itage. The Medina ofFez is on the World University of Yucatan is prepared to over­ Heritage List and is the site ofa UNESCO see such a program. Campaign.

44 45 MOZAMBIQUE ISLAND GOMBAS OF UPPER MUSTANG TEKU THAPATALI MONUMENT ZONE VAGA OLD CHURCH NAMPULA PROVINCE, MOZAMBIQUE Lo MANTHANG, MUSTANG, NEPAL BAGMATI RIVER, KATHMANDU, NEPAL VAGAMO, OPPLAND COUNTY, NORWAY 16TH CENTURY - PRESENT MAP SITE NO. 65 15TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 66 18TH - 19TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 67 12TH CENTURY, 1625-30 MAP SITE NO. 68

YPHOON NADIA IN 1994 AND AN INFLUX HE GOMBAS OF UPPER MUSTANG ARE OR CEN1URIES, THE BAGMATI RIVER HAS RSON HAS CLAIMED TWENTY OF THE of refugees escaping civil war on the main­ extraordinary examples of classical Tibetan been a sacred lifeline through the Kathmandu historic wooden churches of Norway in T land have strained the already stressed Tmonastic architecture. The two surviving FValley. The Teku Thapatali ghats and temples A the last three years alone. This fact casts a architectural environment of Mozambique gombas are imposing earthen structures built along the river's edge have been impor- spotlight on the Vaga church, a foremost Island, a coral-reef barrier island in the decor"ated with ornamental and icono­ tant for Hindu and Buddhist funeral rites. example of Norwegian wooden architec­ Indian Ocean off the African coast. graphic wall paintings considered to be the The sick were regularly brought to be near ture. Situated along a main highway, it is Collectively known as the City of Straw, finest Buddhist murals in Nepal. Jamba the curative powers of the Bagmati River. particularly vulnerable. The Vaga church village societies around the island linked by Gomba houses a collection of nearly 1,500 Kathmandu has undergone dramatic change was rebuilt in 1625-30 by Werner Olssen, small boat transport retain the traditional mandalas, the only Tibetan temple to be over the past several decades. Population who incorporated the historic fabric of the way of life, including building techniques. entirely painted with mandalas. Both gom­ growth has soared. The river has been medieval church that it replaced, which is In the sixteenth century, the Portuguese bas are in an extremely precarious state and tapped for increased irrigation, and sand has believed to have been the second oldest built a trading center in the European style unsafe for use. Snowmelt, strong winds, been removed from it for building purposes. such structure in Norway. Threats to the at the north end of the island, the City of and age have caused deterioration of the These activities have reduced its flow and church are on the increase. It has no ade­ Stone. Today Mozambique is the world's walls; cracks are visible at spots where shifted its course away from the river banks quate systems for security or for detecting poorest country, and its architectural fabric structural failure is imminent. An interna­ and temples. Families have abandoned the and extinguishing fires. The recent severe has suffered decline. Eighty percent of the tional program is being planned to develop sacred riverbanks, and the temples have fall­ reduction of financial support from the island's housing stock and public buildings sound) practical conservation strategies. Of en into disrepair. Temple areas are mostly government has left the local parish dis­ needs major repair and reconstruction. In equal importance is the need to record tra­ vacant except for itinerant inhabitants. couraged and divided abour the ongoing parallel, a comprehensive social program ditional building materials and technology Recent monsoons caused the neglected roofs care of the church. Timely international that allows the local population to enhance to ensure continuity in the replacement and to collapse. Emergency repairs are urgently recognition will encourage local efforts for the island's economic base is needed. With repair of missing elements. Preservation needed if the temples are to survive another proper conservation treatment) site protec­ a peace agreement now in place and a new will permit continued use by local inhabi­ monsoon. While the government and the tion, and the installation of fire and securi­ government sympathetic to revitalization, tants' thus helping to preserve traditions local community are keenly interested in ty systems. there is hope that this can begin. that would otherwise perish. preserving the area, delay may dilute their Mozambique Island is on the World enthusiasm. The Kathmandu Valley is on the Heritage List. World Heritage List.

46 47 TAMBA WARI, INDUS RIVER DELTA HISTORIC CENTER OF CUSCO MURALS OF THE ALLAUCA CHURCH ANGONO PETROGLYPHS SINDH, PAKISTAN CUSCO, PERU RAPAZ, PERU RIZAL, PHILIPPINES 11TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 69 13TH 17TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 70 17TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 71 3RD MILLENNIUM B.C. MAP SITE NO. 72

HE MEANDERING COURSE OF THE INDUS NCE THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE INCA HE VILLAGE OF RAPAZ, HIGH IN THE ANDES HE ANGONO PETROGLYPHS, THE OLDEST River in Pakistan brought an end to the life empire, Cusco became in 1534 a major of eastern Peru, was a center of communi­ known artworks in the Philippines, consti­ T of a richly populated area that centuries O bastion of Spanish colonial power. A thriv­ T cations, commerce, and cultural exchange T tute 127 carvings in the form of animated ago thrived on maritime trade. The remains ing economy sustained by mining and agri- before and after colonization in 1600. Its figures, generally circular heads on top of of the mosque of Tamba Wari in Sindh lie culture afforded the city great luxury and prosperity continued under Spanish rule, "v"-shaped bodies, engraved on the back approximately fifty kilometers southeast of noble grandeur. Palaces, churches, cloisters, and its churches were richly decorated with wall of a shallow cave on a volcanic tuff Karachi. The mosque is one of the earliest and private homes were built atop the fabric, furniture, and-notably-elaborate layer above an original floor of fine­ and best examples of a synthesis of Islamic ancient stone walls of the Inca epoch, cre­ murals. The eventual decline of Rapaz grained volcanic ash. The site was discov­ and Hindu art. The remaining stone foun­ ating the historic center of one of the most resulted in the neglect of its legacy; today ered in 1965 by the late muralist Carlos dations, walls, columns, and decorative ancient and original cities in the Americas. the Allauca church is one of the last sur­ Botong Francisco and listed in 1985 in the details stand in a salty flood plain. Frequent Of note is the baroque architecture, which vivors of Rapaz's rich past. The murals that World Inventory of Rock Art. The site is flooding undermines the foundations' sta­ flourished in the reconstruction of the city dominate the walls and ceiling of the located near Manila, three kilometers bility and causes additional decay of fallen after the 1650 earthquake. Tourism and the Allauca church-enchanting, exuberant tes­ southeast of the town of Angono. stone building elements. In addition, pressures of a constantly growing popula­ timony to cultural cross-pollination-are Destruction of rock carvings is occurring neglect has encouraged vandalism, includ­ tion now endanger Cusco's historic fabric. deteriorating and, without intervention, due to intense sunlight, rainwater, and ing unauthorized excavation. The French Private real-estate interests and the hotel will be lost forever. Threats include mois­ weathering of the rock caused by environ­ Archaeological Mission in Sindh, in coop­ industry are able to circumvent protective ture and biological growth, while recent mental factors. Vandalism has damaged the eration with various local organizations, regulations that are currently insufficient to layers of painting conceal some of the original carvings and visitor traffic has proposes to carefully document each stone protect the city. A master plan for the pro­ murals' original iconography. A modest eroded the cave floor. The deterioration of Tamba Wari and relocate the remains. In tection of the historic center of Cusco conservation effort, including structural and loss of the petroglyphs can be averted this instance, the controversial approach of should be developed and implemented as a assessment and a mural-conservation plan, through careful cleaning, construction of a moving a historic structure is considered to first step to ensure its survival. The city of will ensure the survival of this unique cul­ shelter, and creation of a viewing platform be the only viable means of saving the Cusco is on the World Heritage List. tural site. to accommodate visitors without permit­ rums. ting the delicate works to be touched.

48 49 DEBNO PARISH CHURCH OUR LADY'S ASSUMPTION BASILICA PROZNA STREET COA VALLEY PETROGLYPHS NoWY TARG, POLAND CRACOW, POLAND WARSAW, POLAND VILLA NOVA DE Foz COA, PORTUGAL 15TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 73 13TH -14TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 74 1881 -1912 MAP SITE NO. 75 STONE ACE MAP SITE NO. 76

ONSTRUCTION OF A LARGE RESERVOIR IN HE POPULARITY OF THIS HIGH GOTHIC HE BEST-PRESERVED REMNANT OF WARSAW'S N ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY IN PREPARATION southern Poland's Podhale region will church is one of the sources of its peril. once densely populated Jewish district con­ for construction of a dam on the Coa River C cause the water table to rise. This change T Dominating the city's skyline and standing T sists of four large tenement buildings near A revealed a surprising discovery-Paleolithic will endanger the structural and artistic on the corner of the midtown Market Grzybowski Square. Once these buildings rock art on outcroppings along some sev- integrity of the pristinely preserved historic Place', the church receives several hundred housed shops with proprietors' residences enteen kilometers on both sides of the val­ church of Dehno, which still supports an visitors a day. These visits, plus the city's upstairs. Under Nazi occupation, the area ley. The unprecedented find was recog­ active community life. The village church is massive industrial-, air-, and water-pollu­ was part of the ghetto. After World War II nized internationally and received signifi­ one of the five oldest wooden churches of tion problems and the neglect of the the buildings became city property. As the cant media attention. As a result, the darn the Podhale region. On the exterior, the church's infrastructure, have resulted in a city of Warsaw rebuilt, those buildings not project was canceled. Now an effort is in original late-medieval structure remains situation of constant decline. Although a demolished to make way for ambitious progress to conserve the artwork in a visible; inside, Gotbic wall paintings exhib­ restoration effort was begun in 1987 and Communist-sponsored urban-renewal national park, which, properly managed, it Oriental influences, reflecting the loca­ continued through the next several years, it projects were left to deteriorate as architec­ will benefit the local economy. The greatest tion of the church on the cultural and trade is stalled today for lack of funds. The areas tural evidence of the so-called decadent, threats to the survival of the site are ero­ routes. A panel painting dating from the of immediate concern are the sixteenth­ capitalist way of life. Lack of maintenance sion due to atmospheric conditions and late thirteenth century is believed to be the century Franckowicz and Lodwig sepul­ has rendered the buildings structurally vandalism-the by-product of publicity oldest in Poland. Measures can be taken to chral chapel in the presbytery and the unsound, and the government erected about the find. Delay will lead to further insulate the base of the church from water west-facade, where the main portal and scaffolding around them in 1985 to protect deterioration and destruction of the rock, penetration; for that to occur, an engineer­ eighteenth-century vestibule are used by pedestrians. Looting of the interior fittings as well as to a weakening of the informal ing study is urgently required. Recognition visitors. An outside stimulus is needed to poses a constant threat. But the buildings, coalition of local and national governments of the international importance of this bring the project to completion and thus and the essential quality of the area, can and private businesses supporting the landmark is essential to help the local preserve a religious community resource still be saved. Complete surveys are the establishment of the park. church administration convince national and popular tourist attraction. The historic first step in determining the extent of authorities to protect the church as part of center ofCracow is on the World Heritage work required to ensure the viability of the regional development program. List. the buildings. A preservation plan may then be formulated for the entire street.

50 51 BRANCUSI'S ENDLESS COLUMN ROMANO CATHOLIC CHURCH ALEXANDER PALACE, TSARSKOJE SELO KIZHI POGOST, KIZHI ISLAND TARGU-JIU, ROMANIA GHELINTA, ROMANIA ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA LAKE ONEGA, RUSSIA 1937 - 8 MAP SITE NO. 77 13TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 78 1792 - 6 MAP SITE NO. 79 18TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 80

RANCUSI'S AMBITIOUS OUTDOOR WORK, ESPITE THE FRAGILE CONDITION OF THE HE RECENT OPENING OF RUSSIA PRESENTS F THE MANY MULTIDOMED WOODEN Endless Column, was conceived as a tribute building, the village Catholic community an exciting opportunity to restore the churches built during the reign of Peter the Bto young Romanians who died in World D still uses this extraordinary church, which T palace of Russia's last imperial family as a O Great, only the Church of the Transfiguration War I defending Tii.rgu-Jiu. It virtually retains its original thirteenth-century stone national museum for display of the family's (1713-14) survives. Together with the Church forms an ensemble with two other works, nave; Gothic mural paintings from c. 1300, rich collections. Despite severe damage of the Intercession (1764) and a nineteenth­ Table ofSilence and Gate ofthe Kiss. and a wooden ceiling with 104 panels fea­ from wartime bombing and years of century bell tower, it is located on remote Urban development and the construction turing Renaissance floral and heraldic weathering, the masterpiece of Italian the Kizhi Island. Wooden churches have occupied of a road later disrupted this grouping. A motifs. Frequent violent earthquake activi­ neoclassical architect Giacomo Quarenghi the pogost (country churchyard) there since valuable cultural artifact for the Romanian ty, however, has taken a toll on the struc­ has lost little of its majesty. Commissioned the thirteenth century. More vulnerable to people, the column has managed to with­ ture. A damaged roof allows snow and rain by Catherine the Great for her grandson deterioration than masonry stnlCtllreS, they stand vandalism, pollution, inclement to enter, while a faulty drainage system is Alexander I, it was remodeled at the end require constant care. Today, political turmoil weather, and an overt effort by the weakening the building's foundations. of the nineteenth century to serve as the within Russia, growing tourism-actively pro­ Communist government during the 1950s Moisture imperils both the building and residence of Tsar Nicholas II, Empress moted by the local museum administration­ to pull it down. Although the column sur­ the paintings. There is no comprehensive Alexandra, and their children. The family and increased development in the area threaten vived, it tilted and the metal cracked, conservation plan. A project drafted in spent its last years before the Bolshevik the site. The effects of past maintenance are exposing the interior to water. Accelerating 1994 considered only emergency work and coup of 1917 here, surrounded by acres of aggravating the decay. The problems in the corrosion and an unstable foundation now outlined the complex issues at the site. formal gardens and a vast collection of art­ older church are especially vexing. At present, threaten the monument's survival. Without Limited funding has permitted only partial works, many created for the family by Carl it is supported from within by structural scaf­ immediate disassembly, cleaning, and repairs of inconsistent quality. The ceiling Faberge and other European masters. The folding. Without appropriate treatment, the repair, the column that Brancusi created to has been dismantled for protection until naval institute that has occupied the structures-including the precious iconostasis "support the vault of heaven" may topple. the structure can be stabilized. Cracks Alexander Palace for forty-five years has and decorated altar elements inside the In this 1996 International Brancusi Year, opening in the walls and the vaults threaten recently indicated a willingness to vacate churches-will be lost within ten to fifteen World Monuments Watch listing is intend­ the building with imminent collapse. the complex. The original interior furnish­ years. Lack of funds is the primary obstacle ed to further the restoration effort already ings survive largely intact-stored along to managing public access and conserving the planned by The Constantin Brancusi with other royal possessions at Tsarskoje churches of Kizhi. Kizhi Pogost is on the International Foundation. Selo and awaiting return. World Heritage List.

52 53 PAANAJARVI VILLAGE MOORISH HOUSES OF GRANADA JODENSAVANNE KILWA KISIWANI PORTUGUESE FORT KEMI PROVINCE, RUSSIA GRANADA, SPAIN JODENSAVANNE, SURINAME LIND! REGION, TANZANIA 14TH CENTURY - PRESENT MAP SITE NO. 81 14TH -16TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 82 1652 -1832 MAP SITE NO. 83 13TH 15TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 84

HE LAST SURVIVING INTACT WOODEN N ENSEMBLE OF DOMESTIC BUILDINGS ETTLED IN 1652 BY DUTCH AND ITALIAN OR ALMOST ATHOUSAND YEARS, FROM THE village in the Viena Karelia district was survives as evidence of daily life in Granada Jewish immigrants, ]odensavanne became a ninth through the eighteenth centuries, the T established in the fourteenth century as a A during the medieval period, when the city Sprosperous community. Its brick syna­ FPortuguese controlled the eastern coast of trading post between the Vikings and the flourished as one of the great capitals of the gogue-the oldest in the Americas-was Africa through a series of fortresses, of Byzantine Empire. Paanajarvi offers a liv­ world. All are in a severe state of disrepair built in 1685 and destroyed by fire in 1832, which Kilwa Kisiwani was the key. In this ing link to the tradition that created the today. Granada was settled in the eleventh after which it was abandoned for over a century the coastline has retreated, under­ Kalevala, the Karelian-Finnish epic of oral century by Ziri Berbers, who built their century. The site, which includes a ceme­ cutting the foundations of the massive folk tradition. In the 1960s the Soviets seat on old Roman-Visigoth foundations. tery, was used as an internment camp in the masonry fort. The eastern towers and walls cleared many of the region's other villages In 1238 Muhammad Ibn al-Ahmar estab­ 1940s for members of the Dutch pro-Nazi have collapsed into the Indian Ocean and to make way for industrial agriculture. No lished the Nasrid kingdom there, building party. Excavation and preservation cam­ sand fills the remaining ruins. Vandalism ethnologists, scientists, or visitors were the walled city of Alhambra as a new paigns were carried out on the ruins of the and uncontrolled plant growth are further permitted to enter Viena Karelia. Scholars administrative center, initiating a glorious synagogue in the 1960s by the Dutch and undermining the once-powerful site. The were only allowed access in 1991. Now, period that would last for over two cen­ in the 1980s by the state of Suriname. situation needs to be investigated in detail, construction of a hydroelectric dam threat­ turies. In 1492 the city was conquered by Today's economic crisis in Suriname pre­ in order to evaluate the possibility of sav­ ens to completely submerge the village. Ferdinand and Isabella, and during an vents the funding of heritage conservation. ing this monument. Without technical International concern is needed in order to interval of about sixty years, the Morisco The ruins of Jodensavanne are in danger of assistance soon, its loss is imminent. Kilwa promote a consensus between the Russian population maintained its culture and way disappearance through neglect, vandalism, Kisiwani is on the World Heritage List. government and the Karelian Republic to of life under Christian rule. The buildings, and encroaching vegetation. support the preservation of the village and most of which date to this time, evidence the abandonment of the dam project. the symbiosis of Occidental and Finland has already expressed its willing­ Andalusian cultures in medieval Spain. ness to contribute financial support. The Fifteen of these buildings remain-unre­ site has been proposed for the World stored, some of them abandoned, and all Heritage List. desperately in need of assistance. The Alhambra and the historic district ofthe Albayzin are on the World Heritage List.

54 55 AYUTTAYA AND OTHER FLOODED SITES ANI ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE <;ATAL HDYDK HAGIA SOPHIA ALONG CHAO PRAYA RIVER, THAILAND OCARLI KOYU, KARS, TURKEY KU<;;UKKOY, TURKEY ISTANBUL, TURKEY 14TH -18TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 85 3RD -14TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 86 7TH - 6TH MILLENNIUM B. C. MAP SITE NO. 87 A.D. 532 - 563 MAP SITE NO. 88

YUTTAYA, THE CAPITAL OF THAILAND FROM NI, LOCATED IN NORTHEASTERN TURKEY, ATAL HDYDK DOCUMENTS THE ORIGINS OF AGIA SOPHIA, ERECTED IN A.D. 532,

1350 to 1767, is located in the rich central was a medieval capital of economic, cultur­ agriculture and settled urban.Iife. D.ating is the centerpiece of the Roman and A agricultural flatlands of the valley of the A al, and architectural importance on the Silk ~ from circa 9000 years,ago, <;;atal H!iyiik H Byzantine structures in Istanbul. A rivers Chao Praya and Pa Sak. Thirty-three Route. Continuous changes in rule from has yielded examples of the earliest known milestone in the history of domed build- kings of Siam reigned in Ayuttaya until it the seventh century enriched the architec­ pottery, metal, textiles, and wooden arti- ings, Hagia Sophia was the most eminent was conquered by the Burmese. During its ture of Ani with churches, palaces, crenel­ facts. Surviving wall murals at <;;atal H!iyiik ecclesiastical building in the city. Fire and heyday it was a magnet for commerce, lated defensive walls, bridges, and the mark the beginning of frescoes as an art earthquakes have damaged the building attracting merchants from as far as Europe, ancient equivalent of hotels. The most tur­ form. Archaeological evidence also reveals throughout its long history. By order of China, and]apan. In November 1995 the bulent era began in 1020 when a Byzantine that women had a leadership role in soci­ Emperor Justinian, the monumental dome Chao Praya River rose more than two attack destroyed many buildings. The city's ety. In the 1960s the Turkish government was restored in A.D. 563. The building's meters, inundating most of the historic population dwindled between 1239 and halted a concession to a foreign team of most acute problems today are water pene­ sites in the region. The city of Ayuttaya 1336 under Mongol rule. Afterwards, the archaeologists working at the site due to tration and tourist wear. The copper roof is was under water for two months. The 1995 city was never inhabited again. Construc­ looting and poor conservation methods, cracked, and roofing members have been instance of high water is the latest example tion features at Ani, in particular the and the site was left to erode. In 1993 a weakened. Roof leaks are increasingly of increased flooding resulting from over­ Gothic-style column clusters and ribbed permit was granted to the <;;atal H!iyiik damaging the extensive Byzantine frescoes cutting of forests to the north and and vaulting, seem to predate by some 125 Research Trust to begin a twenty-Jive-year and mosaics in the interior. Structural from lack of either adequate planning or years the appearance of such details in program to conserve and display parts of cracks are being monitored; however, sub­ flood control. The buildings most urgently Western Europe. Located along the former the site. This would include excavations soil movements need to be further investi­ in need of help inelude the Sala Tha Iron Curtain, near the Armenian border, and reconstruction, a conservation facility, gated. Another menacing threat is rising Vasugree, Wat Mai Chai Vichit, and Wat Ani has been essentially closed to outsiders a museum, and a visitor center. A priority dampness due to drainage problems. Plubplachai. Plans for both disaster-pre­ for over fifty years. Nearly all the standing conservation item which the Trust seeks to Finally, new construction that respects nei­ paredness and repair of the 1995 flood structures need immediate stabilization, address immediately is the imminent col­ ther the scale nor the traditional materials damage are desperately needed. Ayuttaya is especially against possible seismic damage. lapse of sections of a hundred-meter wall of the historic zone is encroaching upon on the World Heritage List. The primary obstacle to conservation is the which contains bas-reliefs and paintings. the site. The historic area ofIstanbul is on lack of both funding and site-preservation the World Heritage List. plans.

56 57 ANCIENT CHERSONESOS ADOBE MISSIONS OF NEW MEXICO CHACO CULTURE NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY SEVASTOPOL, CRIMEA, UKRAINE NEW MEXICO, U.S.A. MCKINLEY COUNTY, NEW MEXICO, U.S.A. PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, U.S.A. 5TH C. R.C. -15TH C. A.D. MAP SITE NO. 89 17TH - 20TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 90 900-1150 MAP SITE NO. 91 1822 - 36 MAP SITE NO. 92

XCAVATIONS OF ANCIENT CHERSONESOS IN EW TRADITIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS HE CHACO CULTURE NATIONAL HISTORIC HE SHEER SIZE OF A BUILDING CAN BE the late nineteenth century revealed rrea­ require as frequent maintenance as ,mucl­ Park contains the greatest concentration of an impediment to its reuse, despite architec­ Esures of Greek sculpture as well as Fbrick construction, known in the New T prehistoric ruins in the United States. The T tural and historical significance. Eastern State Byzantine ceramics, ivory, and bronzes. World as adobe. The adobe churches and Anasazi, who inhabited much of the south- Penitentiary, which institutionalized the con- For a century and a half the museum, missions of New Mexico embody the way west from A.D. 300 -1500, had their center cept of solitary confinement, has influenced housed in buildings of a former Orthodox of life of the people there and represent the at Chaco. The Chacoan system collapsed in prison design throughout the world. monastery built over the site, has enhanced most diverse assemblage of historic adobe the twelfth century, probably because a Designed by John Haviland, Eastern State academic and cultural life. Despite bud­ buildings in the u.s. Dating from the earli­ fifty-year drought created an environment consists of seven cell blocks symmetrically getary constraints, research continues, and est Spanish colonization of New Mexico in hostile to an agrarian economy. Today radiating from a single control point. This the museum maintains its scientific facili­ the mid-seventeenth century, some are still Chaco Canyon faces both natural and man­ feature, plus individual cells and exercise ties. During the Cold War the area was central to communities continuously occu­ made threats. Runoff from the region's fre­ yards, came to symbolize a new age of social restricted as a center of naval operations. pied since that time. Well-intentioned quent thunderstorms and from snowfall reform. Solitary confinement throughout a Today the rapid growth of the city of maintenance efforts have compromised the erodes the ruins. The accumulation of sand prisoner's sentence aimed to provide an Sevastopol threatens to engulf the last stability of over 125 of these churches. in masonry walls encourages the growth of atmosphere for reflection and penitence. intact ancient Greek colonial settlement Cement and concrete applied to adobe small plants, the roots of which break apart Eastern State has been abandoned since it under museum control. Lack of consensus walls cause moisture to be retained, accel­ masonry joints. Increased visitation also was last used as a state penitentiary in 1970. among politicians, the military, and the erating deterioration. Only recently have contributes to the deterioration of Chaco, Local citizens lobbied to preserve the prison Church still prevents the museum from efforts been made to reverse unfortunate and the development of better roads will which, since 1988, has drawn thousands of obtaining protected legal status, imple­ repairs. The World Monuments Watch list­ only exacerbate this threat. A large part of visitors when occasionally opened to the menting proper conservation measures, and ing highlights the efforts of the locally the problem faced by Chaco Canyon and public. Conservation of the site requires modernizing visitor facilities. The site has based group Cornerstones Community the outlying sites is the absence of a com­ waterproofing and the timely removal of great potential for tourism and archaeolo­ Partnerships, which is systematically docu­ prehensive strategic plan for presentation plants and saplings growing throughout the gy, which would generate recognition and menting the adobe buildings while encour­ and protection and a lack of full cooperation complex. Help is sought to implement emer­ revenue that would ensure its long-term aging the use of traditional repair tech­ among those organizations having jurisdic­ gency roof repairs among other stabilization maintenance. niques by the local congregations and com­ tion. Chaco Culture National Historic Park measures. The major threat to Eastern State is munities. is on the World Heritage List. lack of municipal funding maintenance

58 59 ELLIS ISLAND - SOUTH END GOLDEN GATE PARK CONSERVATORY HOLY ASCENSION CHURCH LAFAYETTE CEMETERY No.1 NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U.S.A. SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. UNALASKA, ALASKA, U.S.A. NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, U.S.A. 1892 -1954 MAP SITE NO. 93 1876 - 8 MAP SITE NO. 94 1826 - 96 MAP SITE NO. 95 1833 PRESENT MAP SITE NO. 96

LLIS ISLAND IN NEW YORK HARBOR WAS LASS CONSERVATORY BUILDINGS ARE AMONG OMETIMES THE MOST WELL-INTENTIONED AINTENANCE OF CEMETERIES, ESPECIALLY the principal immigration station in the the most fragile of all building types, and efforts to conserve artistic patrimony can the older ones, is almost a universal prob­ EUnited States from 1892 to 1954. The main G their preservation is all the more important Sprove hazardous. The Holy Ascension M lem. Established in 1833, Lafayette No.1 is building for immigration inspection was because of the rare plant collections they Russian Orthodox Church houses a collec- often referred to as the first planned ceme- opened in 1900. Over the next half-century may contain. The Conservatory of Flowers tion of almost eight hundred liturgical arti­ tery in New Orleans. Designed by a for­ the island was enlarged to 27.5 acres, and was prefabricated in New York and trans­ facts collected by the Aleut people, includ­ mer engineer for Napoleon, it is a prime thirty-three structures were erected. The ported to California around Cape Horn. ing 252 Orthodox icons dating from the example of the city's above ground inter­ u.s. National Park Service today maintains Opened in 1879, the conservatory is the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. ment tradition. The cemeteries of the peri­ the island as part of Statue of Liberty park's oldest building. Its Victorian design While a majority of the icons are oil on 0d are known as "Cities of the Dead" National Monument. Most of the island's epitomizes the architectural style for which canvas, many are high-quality tempera on because of their axial access routes and sec­ northern half has been restored over the San Francisco is known. Earthquakes and wood. When the Aleutian Islands were ondary paths lined with tombs, mirroring past fifteen years. Due to the lack of a reuse normal weathering have weakened the evacuated by the u.s. military during then-popular styles of New Orleans city plan and funding, no buildings on the structure. A severe storm in December World War II, parishioners crated the icons planning and architecture. Insufficient southern half have been restored. The twen­ 1995 damaged large sections of glass, and and stored them in an unheated warehouse. maintenance, vandalism, and uncontrolled ty-eight interconnected buildings that com­ the plant collection has been closed to the For three years regular coatings of oil were tourism are the three major threats to prised the hospital and isolation wards have public since. The temporary protective used to retard mold, and since 1945 shellac Lafayette No.1. A lack of security allows stood abandoned for over forty years. covering can last for about two years. The has been applied to stabilize flaking sur­ scavengers to raid the structures for sou­ Unheated and exposed to the harsh ele­ Rose House has already been razed, and faces. Most of the icons today are suffering venirs. The cemetery is also plagued by ments, they arc now in fair-to-poor condi­ another section is slated for demolition for from discoloration, cracking, erosion of vegetation damage and the tropical coastal tion, and each year their situation worsens. safety reasons. Soon the central structure gesso background, and abrasion. The col­ climate. A local group seeks assistance for a The most urgent problems relate to protect­ will be beyond practical repair. Listing is lection can be saved by having each icon conservation plan and a public-education ing building exteriors. The u.s. National intended to encourage repair rather than properly conserved and by upgrading the program related to restoring and maintain­ Park Service seeks to implement an emer­ replacement of the original fabric of the climate-control system in the church. ing the site. gency plan to protect the unrestored build­ conservatory, using methods that might ings-at least the key structures-until serve as a model for other glass structures. viable new uses are determined.

60 61 MINH MANG TOMB My SON TEMPLE DISTRICT SUBOTICA SYNAGOGUE KHAMI NATIONAL MONUMENT HUE CITY, VIETNAM DUY XUYEN DISTRICT, VIETNAM SUBOTICA, YUGOSLAVIA BULAWAYO, ZIMBABWE 1840 MAP SITE NO. 97 3RD -12TH CENTURY MAP SITE NO. 98 1902 MAP SITE NO. 99 MID-15TH C. - MID-17TH C. MAP SITE NO. 100

HREE DECADES OF WAR LEFT THE CITY OF BOMBlNG RAID IN AUGUST 1969 DESTROYED HE LARGE, HANDSOME SYNAGOGUE IN THE reat Zimbabwe flourished as a center of Hue heavily damaged. The 1968 Tet the towers of My Son, the holy capital of town of Subotica near the Hungarian bor­ trade at the time of the Italian Renaissance. p.( Yugo~lavia T Offensive of the Vietnam War was particu­ the ancient kingdom of Champa in central T der in fractured is among the G Remains, including Spanish silver and larly destructive. Among the structures in Vietnam. My Son contains the oldest and finest early-twentieth-century buildings in Chinese and Portuguese porcelain, attest to an extreme state of deterioration as a result largest surviving collection of Champa the Balkans. It is an exceptional example of the city's extensive international trade con­ is the tomb of King Minh Mang, visited architecture. This heritage has undergone the eclectic Viennese Secession style-the tacts. The ancient city of Great Zimbabwe, each year by 100,000 Vietnamese and many hardships. Conquest in 982 greatly Central European expression of the Art whose ruins cover thirty-five-hectares, is 40,000 international tourists. Minh Mang damaged My Son, which was reconstructed Nouveau style, which flowered briefly the most important city of the fifty known was the second king of the Nguyen between 1074 and 1234. The site was per­ before World War I. Designed by the sites between the Zambezi and Limpopo Dynasty, reigning from 1820 to 1840. He manently abandoned towards the end of Hungarian Jewish architects Komor and Rivers. The inhabitants lived in hurs of cob was the most successful leader in unifying the thirteenth century. Today My Son Jakab, the building presents Byzantine­ work surrounded by granite walls. the Vietnamese people during this feudal attracts foreign tourists, who find it in Turkish architectural massing and Portions of many structures remain, but period. His tomb, constructed also as a ruins. Sculpture is scattered about, com­ Hungarian folk motifs. The synagogue also they are threatened by a nearby dam. The national park, comprises forty architectural pletely unprotected. Heavy rains and shows some of the earliest use of concrete­ terrain is unstable, and the walls have structures of brick and tile. Because of a runoff from the surrounding mountains, as and-steel construction, which did not cracked, bulged, and in some cases col­ lack of funding for nearly fifty years, the well as the resulting landslides, destroy become widespread until later in the centu­ lapsed. Burrowing animals and trespassers tomb has undergone no restoration. The tower foundations, causing them to topple. ry. Restoration began in the 1980s, but foraging for firewood and building stone foundation is subsiding, the supporting The site is overgrown with large trees and Yugoslavia's economic collapse, fragmenta­ are further destabilizing the site. A strategic wood frame is rotting, and a leaky roof has jungle vegetation. Preservation would tion, and war eliminated funding resources. conservation plan is needed, but at present left the artistic works heavily damaged. A begin with the isolation of the site from The structure and its interior fittings there is no expectation of financial or tech­ pilot project to focus attention on the need runoff, the clearance of vegetation, and a remain vulnerable. nical assistance to address this critical situa­ to conserve the forty-building tomb com­ survey of the state of the various struc­ tion. Khami Ruins National Monument is plex might begin with the restoration of tures. on the World Heritage List. one building, Minh Lau, as a prototype. The complex ofHue monuments is on the World Heritage List.

62 63 WORLD MONUMENTS FUND OFFICES

World Monuments Fund 949 Park Avenue 1996 GRANTS New York, N.Y. 10028 telephone: (212) 517-9367 telefax: (212) 517-9494

World Monuments Fund European Offices Argentina, San Hungary, Budapest. Mali, Djenne. Poland, Warsaw. Turkey, Kii<;iikkoy. Ignacio. San Ignacio Royal Garden Djenne-Djeno Prozna Street. <;:atal Hiiyfik. 34, avenue de New York Mini. Conservation Pavilions. Strategic Archaeological Site. Toward survey and Toward conserva- 75016 Paris, France planning for ruins of planning and Protection of project planning at tion of collapsing telephone: (33 1) 47 20 71 99 17th-century mis- fundraising cam- archaeological zone only remnant of the wall with bas-reliefs telefax: (33 1) 47 20 71 27 sian complex. paign for threatened against looting and Warsaw Ghetto that and paintings at pre- $20,000 belle-epoque land- environmental survived World War historic site. $25,000 Piazza San Marco 63 mark along the deterioration. II and post-war 30124 Venice, Italy Barbados, St. Danube riverfront. $40,000 rebuilding intact. United States, San telephone: (3941) 523 7614 Andrew. Morgan $50,000 $50,000 Francisco, CA. telefax: (39 41) 520 9988 Lewis Sugar Mill. Mexico, Atotonilco. Golden Gate Park Emergency repair India, Jaisalmer. Church of Jesus Russia, Tsarskoje Conservatory of World Monuments Fund Affiliates of last surviving Jaisalmer Fort. Nazareno. Initiation Selo. Alexander Flowers. Strategic wind-powered sugar Toward the restora- of conservation of Palace. Emergency plan and inaugura- World Monuments Fund France cane mill in the tion of the sand- one chapel of deteri- roof repair as part of tion of conservation 34, avenue de New York Caribbean. $20,000 stone fort and docu- orated 18th-century a proposed project following storm 75016 Paris, France mentation of the church. $20,000 to restore the 18th- damage to the park's telephone: (33 1) 47 20 71 99 Chile, Valparaiso. condition of the century palace for oldest building. telefax: (33 1) 47 20 71 27 Elevators (funicu- 12th-century walled Mexico, Yucatan use as a museum. $100,000 lars) of Valparaiso. city. $100,000 Peninsula. Yucatan $100,000 Associazione Comitato Italiano WMF Strategic plan and Indian Chapels. United States, New Contra del Monte 13 pilot project for dis- Italy, Pompeii Demonstration pro- Spain, Granada. Orleans, LA. 36100 Vicenza, Italy used industrial her- (Naples). Ancient jeer for restoration Moorish Houses. Lafayette Cemetery telephone: (39444) 323 688 itage site. $40,000 Pompeii. of Colonial vernacu- Demonstration pro- No.1. telefax: (39 444) 325 825 Conservation of lar structures, some ject to restore ten Conservation plan China, Sichuan Vestorio Prisco's of which are still in surviving houses to save earliest Associa>ao World Monuments Fund (Portugal) Province. San Xing tomb and pilot plan use. $20,000 from the period of example of the city's Mosteiro dos Jeronimos Dui Archaeological for conservation of the Alhambra. above ground inter- Pra>a do Imperio Site. Conservation one quadrant of the Poland, Cracow. $50,000 ment tradition from 1400 Lisbon, Portugal of rare and imper- ancient city. Our Lady's Assump- vegetation damage, telephone: (351 1) 362 0034 iled early Shang $100,000 tion Basilica. Toward Thailand, Ayuttaya. climatic effects, and telefax: (351 1) 363 9745 Dynasty city. ongoing restoration Ayuttaya and flood- vandalism. $20,000 $30,000 Italy, Rome. Temple program at High ed sites on Chao World Monuments Fund Espana of Hercules. Launch Gothic church, Praya River. Maria de Molina, 39 Egypt, Caito. of conservation where a critical Emergency protec- 28006 Madrid, Spain Qa'itbay Sebil. campaign for unsta- restoration effort tion of central telephone: (34 1) 441 23 63 Preliminary conser- ble Republican-peri- has been stalled due Thailand's temples telefax: (34 1) 562 26 59 vation phase at rare od temple, also to lack of funds. against flooding vernacular survivor known as the $25,000 caused by nearby World Monuments Fund in Britain of the 15th-century Temple of Vesta. deforestation. 27 St. James's Place sultanate. $40,000 $100,000 $50,000 (Continued on reverse) London, SWIA INR United Kingdom telephone: (44 171) 499 8254 telefax: (44 171) 4933982

64 Albania, Sarande. Georgia, Tetritskaro Norway, Vagamo. Romania, Targu-Jiu. Butrint Archaeologi- District. Pirareti Vaga Church. Poland, Warsaw. Brancusi's Endless cal Site. Stabilization Monastic Complex. Conservation and Prozna Street. Column. Seed fund- and signage at Emergency stabi- fire and vandalism Towards conserva- ing to help initiate Greco-Roman- lization of 12th-cen- prevention to tion planning. the project to stabi- Byzantine site along tury church and the encourage local $25,000 lize this pivotal an unspoiled strip of bell tower at a site efforts for proper work. $15,000 Adriatic coastline that fell into disuse conservation treat- threatened by in the early 18th ment and site pro- tourism develop- century. $20,000 recrion for historic The World ment. $40,000 wooden churches United States, New Monuments Fund is Greece, Bania threatened by arson. York, NY. Ellis pleased to acknowl- Bosnia & (Crete). Etz Hayim $15,000 Island-South End. edge the generosity Herzegovina, Synagogue. Towards Support for emer- ofdonors to the PoCitelj. Village of overall stabilization Russia, Kizhi Island. gency protection of World Monuments Pocitelj. of 18th-century Kizhi Pogost. the primary hospital Watch Fund. Development of synagogue-built as Conservation and buildings on the conservation plan a church in the 15th fire prevention for unrestored south Abercrombie & Kent for war-damaged century-and reuse vulnerable wooden half of the island. Group of historic town. as a Jewish ecclesiastical struc- $25,000 Companies $25,000 Museum. $40,000 tures surviving from Airbus Industrie of the reign of Peter North America Bulgaria, Rousse Jordan, Petra. the Great. $35,000 Avis, Inc Region. Ivanovo Southern Temple. The Dow Chemical Rock Chapels. Conservation plan- Turkey, Ocarli Company Support for emer- ning and treatment Koyu, Kars. Ani Chile, Easter Island. Foundation gency conservation for a site emblematic Archaeological Site. Orongo. Design of a The East India of 13th-14th centu- of the overall needs 1996 planning mis- terrace to support Hotels Limited ry monastic com- of the ancient city, sion to develop con- ceremonial village (The Oberoi plex and its painted the decay of which servation program and petroglyphs Group) chapels. $20,000 is almost as famed as at medieval Silk threatened by geo- R. H. B. Limited its haunting beauty. Route destination, logical instability Rosewood Hotels & Croatia, Dubrovnik- $10,000 abandoned after the and foot traffic. Resorts, Inc Neretva County. Mongol conquest in $30,000 The Search Charitable Lopud Monastery. Lebanon, Tyre. the 14th century. Foundation Ltd. Planning for Ancient Tyre. $15,000 Westdeutsche tourism seminar in Planning for protec- Landesbank 1996, for which this tion of the monu- Ukraine, Savastopol. GiroZentrale 15th-century land- mental ruins in the Ancient mark will serve as archaeological zone, Chersonesos. Travel Cambodia, Siem WMF extends special one case study for today threatened by costs for interna- Reap. Angkor thanks to the joseph alternative uses for commercial, indus- tional consultant Archaeological H Hazen Foundation disused cultural sites trial, and urban expert to develop a District. Support for for supporting the along the Dalmatian development. plan to preserve WMF student train- conception andplan- coast. $25,000 $25,000 Greek archaeologi- ing, to be applied to ning ofthe World cal site threatened the survey of Monuments Watch. by urban growth. Angkor sites to $6,000 identify emergency conditions. $50,000 August 1996