LIST OF 100 MOST ENDANGERED SITES 1996 A World Monuments Fund program. Founding sponsor, American Express Company ® CONTENTS HE WORLD MONUMENTS FUND IS A PRIVATE 5 Acknowledgments nonprofit organization founded in 1965 by T individuals concerned about the accelerating 6 A Salute from the Chairman destruction of important artistic treasures through­ out the world. In over 30 years of activity, WMF has Dr. Marilyn Perry, Chairman, World Monuments Fund orchestrated over 135 major projects in 32 countries. Today, with affiliate organizations established in 7 Why Preservation Matters to Us Europe-in Britain, France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain-the World Monuments Fund sponsors an Harvey Golub, Chairman and ChiefExecutive Officer, ongoing program for the conservation of cultural heritage worldwide. The World Monuments Watch, American Express Company a global program launched in 1995 on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the World Monuments Fund, 8 Foreword aims to enhance the organization's unique capacity to identify imperiled cultural heritage sites and leverage Bonnie Burnham, Executive Director, World Monuments Fund financial and technical support for their preservation. 10 World Monuments Watch International Committee of Honor and 1996 Selection Panel 11 1996 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites (listed alphabetically by country) 32 Map 35 1996 List of 100 Most Endangered Sites (continued) 64 World Monuments Fund Offices Copyright ©1996 World Monuments Fund All rights reserved. World Monuments Fund 949 Park Avenue New York, NY 10028 ISBN 0-9627931-7-5 Printed in the United States of America 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All site photographs reproduced herein arc courtesy of the nomi­ 49 Archivio Soprintindenza B.A. e A - Bologna The World Monuments Watch and this first List of100 Most Endangered Sites are the products of extensive nators to the 1996 World Monuments Watch and are not to be 50 Soprintendenza Archeologiche per il Veneto collaboration, both within and outside World Monuments Fund. WMF expresses its gratitude to the many reproduced. Photos credits are as follows (numbers correspond to 51 Arciconfraternita SS. Ambrogio E Carlo individuals and groups that have cooperated to make this work possible: map site numbers): 52 Archivio Fotografico S.AR 53 A.A. W. ]oukowsky 1 The Butrint Foundation 54 Ministry of Information and Culture, Laos The Board of Trustees of World Monuments Fund, especially its chairman Dr. Marilyn Perry. 2 Carlos Pernaut 55 Ojars A. Feldbergs 3 Austrian Society for Historical Gardens 56 Veronique Dauge/ UNESCO American Express Company and the staff of the Philanthropic Program-Mary Beth Salerno, Connie 4 Bundesdenkmalamt-Wien 57 R. McIntosh Higginson, and Anne Wickham. 5 William Cummins/Barbados Nat'l Trust 58 Adopte una Obra de Arte 6AIRPRINT 59 N. Sapieha 7 BRASS/EI Pilar Program - Francia Gaunt 60 Carlos Cano The World Heritage Center of UNESCO and its director Berndt von Droste. 8 Joffroy Thierry-CRATerre-EAG 61 Miguel A. BretOs 9 University of Sarajevo 62 Museum of Bogd Khaan ICOMOS, through its Paris headquarters and its U.s. Committee. Special thanks to Jean Louis Luxen, 10 FUMDHAM 63 Clemson University President of ICOMOS. 11 N.I.M.C. - Sofia 64 Isaiah WynerlWMF 12 N.I.M.C. - Sofia 65 National Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Mozambique 13 Douglas C. Comer 66 Phillip Lieberman The World Monuments Watch selection panel, listed separately, and the outside specialist readers: Miguel 14 Fundaci6n Cultural Amigos de las Iglesias de Chiloe 67 J. Sanday Angel Corso of The Getty Conservation Institute; Gael de Guichen of ICCROM; Corneille Jest of the 15 J. Migone/CONPAI-Chile 68 Norwegian Heritage Foundation Centre National de Recherche Scientifique in Paris; Ann Webster Smith of US/ICOMOS; and Marilyn 16WMF 69 Dr. Monique Kervran Perry. 17 State Bureau of Cultural Relics 70 Roberto Samanez 18 Shalu Association 71 Luis Castro and Rocio Menendez The team that worked diligently to translate and transcribe the 253 applications submitted for the World 19 State Bureau of Cultural Relics 72 National Museum of the Philippines 20 Sylvia Gottwald-Thapar 73 Mary Borley Monuments Watch database; many were graduate students and alumni of the architectural conservation pro­ 21 Mediterranean Centre for Built Heritage 74 ICOMOS Poland gram at Columbia University: Naji al-Hasani; Joakim Aspegren; Paola Badia; Jennifer Baldwin; Jon Calame; 22 Agency for the Historic Core of Split 75 unknown; Courtesy of Ronald S. Lauder Foundation Roberto Consales; Hilary Dunne; Mary Patricia Feitelberg; Paul Fitzpatrick, Jr.; Annie Gagnier; Frank 23 State Agency for Protection of Culture 761PPAR Garcia-Montes; Emily Gunzburger; Emma Guest; Helio Gutierrez; James Hicks; Pauline Hubert; !vonne 24 K. Randall 77 Christian Crampont / Courtesy Dr. Radu Varia Ibarra; Janine Jones; Michael Kelleher; Carolyn Kiernat; Miriam B. Kranis; Lorraine Mainelli; Kelly Moody; 25 Historical Monuments of Ceske Budejovice 78 Biroul de Arcli'itectura Atelier M srl 26 Pamatkovy Ustav (Institute of Historic Buildings and 79WMF Danielle Nittenberg; Darnell Preaus; Michele Risdal; Katherine Rodway; Elizabeth Rogers; Maria V. Monuments) 80 Johan Mattsson Rondeau; Lauren S. Stahl; Marisa Tempone; Providencia Velazquez; Phyllis Wollman; Jeffrey Young. 27 Luis Sanchez 81 Markku Nieminen 28 Centre for Conservation & Preservation, Cairo 82 Carlos Sanchez WMF is pleased to acknowledge the consultants who participated in the development of the program: 29 Chateau Aqueduct 83 Ministry of Education, Suriname Advanced Solutions, Brooklyn, N.Y. (computer infrastructure); The Center for Historic Preservation, 30 Commune of Saint-Emilion 84 Department of Antiquities, Tanzania 31 Georgian Restoration Institute 85 Thailand Fine Arts Department University of Florida, Gainesville (scanning the images); Computer Power, Inc., Needham, Mass. (designing 32 Jim Webster 86WMF the World Monuments Watch database); The Kreisberg Group, New York, N.Y. (public-relations planning); 33 Sally Magid 87 American Express International Inc., Turkey George Trescher, Inc. (special-event planning); Jessica Weber Design, Inc., New York, N.Y. (design and pro­ 34 Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology 88 Ministry of Culture, Istanbul duction of print materials). 35 Laszlo Vegh/Palatium 89 ChristOpher Williams 36 Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage 90 Apostol Santiago Church, Maes, Jim Gautier Members of WMF's international staff and consultants worked many extra hours to coordinate this effort. 37 Bombay Development Authority 91 Southwest Parks & Monuments Association 38 Douglas C. Comer 92 Courtesy City of Philadelphia To them, and to others unnamed who have assisted in this process, special thanks. 39 Office of Public Works, Ireland 93 National Park Service 40 Haifa Municipality 94 Deanna Brinkman 41 Zionist Archive 95 Alaska Regional Office, National Park Service 42 Soprintendenza Archeologica Pompei 96 Elizabeth D. Calvit 43 Giovanni Morigi 97WMF 44 Soprintendenza per i Beni Ambienrali e Architettonici di 98WMF Firenze, Pistoia, e Prato 99 Ruth Ellen Gruber 45 Archivio Soprintindenza B.A.A.ASalerno 100 National Museums and Monuments, Zimbabwe 46 Archivio FotOgrafico S.A.R 47 Archivio Fotografico S.A.R 48 Soprintendenza Archeological della Liguria 4 5 A SALUTE FROM THE CHAIRMAN WHY PRESERVATION MATTERS TO Us o CELEBRATE OUR THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY IN By 1985, it had become clear that the complicated over­ NE OF THE KEY ELEMENTS THAT DEFINES THE 1992 the book Trails to Tropical Treasures about the 1995, the World Monuments Fund undertook a all issues of the preservation field would benefit most American Express Company in the eyes of need to protect the cultural heritage of Brunei Treview of its three decades of activity on behalf from aprofessional international preservation organiza­ O our customers is travel and tourism. And Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and of architectural and artistic heritage around the world. tion with the capacity to meet emerging needs. what are tourism's greatest assets? Well-trained people, Singapore-the five countries that then constituted the With great pride we surveyed more than 135 sites in the Changing our name to World Monuments Fund historic sites, culrurallandscapes, and the environment. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. 33 countries where our work has promoted the preser­ reflected the trustees' commitment to this vision and to No industry has a greater stake than ours in preserving vation of unique and precious man-made creations that expanded activities that today include such concerns as history and tradition, diverse cultures, and the environ­ Preservation projects that we have supported outside standards of practice, work-force training, documenta­ the context of the World Monuments Fund include might otherwise have been lost, an impressive and ment. These precious resources are critical to the qual­ tion, strategic planning, technical surveys, fundraising, major sites such as the Taj Mahal, the Sphinx, and the deeply gratifying record for a private sector preserva­ ity of life worldwide. They are also prime motivators public-private partnerships, education, and advocacy. Statue of Liberty. Lesser-known sites that we have tion organization. Nonetheless, the reality of the com­ for international travel-and they are increasingly at helped to preserve are New Mexico's adobe churches, pelling need far outdistances our successful efforts. Our risk. A decade later, projects and programs have proliferated the Teatro Colon in