Searchable PDF Format

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Searchable PDF Format Milovan Djilas was born in 1911 in Montenegro, which he describes in his autobiography, Land without Justice. He was already known for his poetry and his revolutionary views at Belgrade University and joined the illegal Communist Party in 1932. Although arrested, tortured, and imprisoned for three years, he joined the party’s Central Committee in 1938 and became a member of its Politburo in 1940. When Germany occupied Yugoslavia in 1941 he joined the Partisans and in 1944 headed a military mission to Moscow, which he visited again the next year. In 1947 he helped to establish the Comin- form in Belgrade and in 1948 headed his last mission to Moscow, a few months before the break between Tito and Stalin. As a result of growing disagreements, on account of critical articles written by Djilas, he was expelled from the Central Committee in 1954 and thereupon wrote The New Class, his famous exposure of bureaucracy and the Communist oligarchy. His life was now a procession of trials. Sentenced to a sus­ pended sentence of three years for an interview he gave to the New York Times, he was later tried for criticizing the Yugo­ slavian inaction against Russian brutality in Hungary and imprisoned for three years. For The New Class a further seven years was added at a third trial, but he was conditionally released in 1961. In prison Djilas had been writing consistently, mainly about Montenegro, and Conversations with Stalin was written after his release. In April 1962 he was re-arrested and imprisoned for nine years for the publication of this book. Cover design by Germano Facetti For a complete list of books available please write to Penguin Books whose address can be found on the back of the title page PENGUIN BOOKS 1 9 6 7 CONVERSATIONS WITH STALIN MILOVAN DJILAS MILOVAN DJILAS CONVERSATIONS WITH STALIN Translated from the Serbo-Croat by Michael B. Petrovich PENGUIN BOOKS Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, Middlesex AUSTRALIA: Penguin Books Pty Ltd, 76a Whitehorse Road, Mitcham, Victoria First published in the U.S.A. 1963 Published in Great .Britain by Rupert Hart-Davis 1962 Published in Penguin Books 1963 Copyright © Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., 1962 Made and printed in Great Britain by Hazell W atson & Viney L td Aylesbury and Slough Set in Monotype Imprint This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise disposed of without the publisher’s consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published To the memory of ANEURIN BEVAN Contents FOREWORD 9 1 Raptures n 2 Doubts 70 3 Disappointments 99 Conclusion 145 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 149 INDEX 165 Note on the Spelling and Pronunciation of Serbo-Croat Words and Names s = s as in sink s = sh as in shift c = ts as in mats c = ch as in charge 6 = similar to, but lighter than, c - as in arch z = j as in French jour z = z as in zodiac j = y as in yell nj = n as in neutral g = g as in go dj = g as in George lj = li as in million Foreword It is in the nature of the human memory to rid itself of the superfluous, to retain only what has proved to be most im­ portant in the light of later events. Yet that is also its weak side. Being biased it cannot help adjusting past reality to fit present needs and future hopes. Aware of this, I have endeavoured to present the facts as exactly as possible. If this book is still not free from my views of today, this should be attributed neither to malice nor to the bias of one who took part in those events, but rather to the nature of memory itself and to my effort to elucidate past en­ counters and events in the light of what I know now. There is not much in this book that the well-versed reader will not already know from published memoirs and other literature. However, since an event becomes more compre­ hensible and tangible if explained in greater detail and from several vantage points, it may be useful if I, too, have my say. I hold that humans and human relationships are more im­ portant than dry facts, and so I have paid greater attention to them. And if the book contains anything that might be called literary, this too should be ascribed less to my style of expres­ sion than to my desire to make the subject as interesting, clear, and true as I can. In 1955 or 1956, when I was working on my autobiography, the idea occurred to me to set apart my meetings with Stalin in a separate book which could be published first. However, I landed in jail, and while I was imprisoned I could not very well write a book of this kind, even though it would deal with the past, for it could not but touch on current political relations. Only upon my release from prison, in January of 1961, did I return to my old idea. To be sure, this time, in view of changed conditions and the evolution of my own views, I had to approach this subject rather differently. For one thing, I now devoted greater attention to the psychological, the human 1 0 FOREWORD aspects of these historical events. Moreover, accounts of Stalin are still so contradictory, and his image is still so vivid, that I have also felt it necessary to present at the end, on the basis of personal knowledge and experience, my own conclusions about this truly enigmatic personality. Above all else, I am driven by an inner compulsion to leave nothing unsaid that might be of significance to those who write history, and especially to those who strive for a freer human existence. In any case, both the reader and I should be satisfied if the truth is left unscathed, even if it is enveloped in my own emotions and judgements. For we must realize that the truth, however complete, about people and human relations can never be anything but the truth about particular persons, persons in a given time. Belgrade November ig 6i 1 Raptures i The first foreign military mission to come to the Supreme Command of the Army of People’s Liberation and Partisan Units of Yugoslavia was the British. It parachuted in during May 1943. The Soviet Mission arrived nine months later - in February 1944. Soon after the arrival of the Soviet Mission the question arose of sending a Yugoslav military mission to Moscow, especially since a mission of this kind had already been assigned to the corresponding British Command. In the Supreme Command, that is, among the members of the Central Com­ mittee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia who were work­ ing at headquarters at the time, there developed a fervent desire to send a mission to Moscow. I believe that Tito spoke about it to the Chief of the Soviet Mission, General Korneyev; however, it is quite certain that the matter was settled by a telegram from the Soviet Government. The sending of a mis­ sion to Moscow was of manifold significance to the Yugoslavs, and the mission itself was of a different character and had quite a different purpose from the one assigned to the British Command. As is well known, it was the Communist Party of Yugoslavia that organized the Partisan and insurgent movement against the German and Italian forces of occupation in Yugoslavia and their domestic collaborators. While solving its national prob­ lems through the most ruthless kind of warfare, it continued to regard itself as a member of the world Communist movement, as something inseparable from the Soviet Union - ‘the home­ land of socialism’. Throughout the entire war the innermost agency of the Party, the Political Bureau, more popularly known by the abbreviated name Politburo, managed to keep 12 CONVERSATIONS WITH STALIN a connexion with Moscow by radio. Strictly speaking this con­ nexion was with the Communist International - the Comin­ tern - but at the same time it meant a connexion with the Soviet Government as well. The special conditions brought on by war and the revolu­ tionary movement’s struggle for survival had already, on several occasions, led to misunderstandings with Moscow. Among the most significant I would mention the following. Moscow could never quite understand the realities of the revolution in Yugoslavia, that is, the fact that in Yugoslavia simultaneously with the resistance to the forces of occupation a domestic revolution was also going on. The basis for this misconception was the Soviet Government’s fear that the Western Allies, primarily Great Britain, might resent its taking advantage of the misfortunes of war in the occupied countries to spread revolution and its Communist influence. Like many other new phenomena, the struggle of the Yugoslav Com­ munists was not in line with the settled views and indisputable interests of the Soviet Government and state. Nor did Moscow understand the peculiarities of warfare in Yugoslavia. No matter how much the struggle of the Yugo­ slavs encouraged not only the military - who were fighting to preserve the Russian nation from the Nazi German invasion - but official Soviet circles as well, the latter nevertheless under­ rated it, if only because they compared it with their own Partisans and their own methods of warfare. The Partisans in the Soviet Union were an auxiliary, quite incidental force of the Red Army, and they never grew into a regular army. Because of their own experience, the Soviet leaders could not realize that the Yugoslav Partisans were capable of turning into an army and a government, and that in time they would develop an identity and interests which differed from the Soviet - in short, their own pattern of life.
Recommended publications
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Memorial of the Republic of Croatia
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE (CROATIA v. YUGOSLAVIA) MEMORIAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA APPENDICES VOLUME 5 1 MARCH 2001 II III Contents Page Appendix 1 Chronology of Events, 1980-2000 1 Appendix 2 Video Tape Transcript 37 Appendix 3 Hate Speech: The Stimulation of Serbian Discontent and Eventual Incitement to Commit Genocide 45 Appendix 4 Testimonies of the Actors (Books and Memoirs) 73 4.1 Veljko Kadijević: “As I see the disintegration – An Army without a State” 4.2 Stipe Mesić: “How Yugoslavia was Brought Down” 4.3 Borisav Jović: “Last Days of the SFRY (Excerpts from a Diary)” Appendix 5a Serb Paramilitary Groups Active in Croatia (1991-95) 119 5b The “21st Volunteer Commando Task Force” of the “RSK Army” 129 Appendix 6 Prison Camps 141 Appendix 7 Damage to Cultural Monuments on Croatian Territory 163 Appendix 8 Personal Continuity, 1991-2001 363 IV APPENDIX 1 CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS1 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CHRONOLOGY BH Bosnia and Herzegovina CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe CK SKJ Centralni komitet Saveza komunista Jugoslavije (Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia) EC European Community EU European Union FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia HDZ Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (Croatian Democratic Union) HV Hrvatska vojska (Croatian Army) IMF International Monetary Fund JNA Jugoslavenska narodna armija (Yugoslav People’s Army) NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
    [Show full text]
  • Yugoslav Destruction After the Cold War
    STASIS AMONG POWERS: YUGOSLAV DESTRUCTION AFTER THE COLD WAR A dissertation presented by Mladen Stevan Mrdalj to The Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of Political Science Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts December 2015 STASIS AMONG POWERS: YUGOSLAV DESTRUCTION AFTER THE COLD WAR by Mladen Stevan Mrdalj ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University December 2015 2 Abstract This research investigates the causes of Yugoslavia’s violent destruction in the 1990’s. It builds its argument on the interaction of international and domestic factors. In doing so, it details the origins of Yugoslav ideology as a fluid concept rooted in the early 19th century Croatian national movement. Tracing the evolving nationalist competition among Serbs and Croats, it demonstrates inherent contradictions of the Yugoslav project. These contradictions resulted in ethnic outbidding among Croatian nationalists and communists against the perceived Serbian hegemony. This dynamic drove the gradual erosion of Yugoslav state capacity during Cold War. The end of Cold War coincided with the height of internal Yugoslav conflict. Managing the collapse of Soviet Union and communism imposed both strategic and normative imperatives on the Western allies. These imperatives largely determined external policy toward Yugoslavia. They incentivized and inhibited domestic actors in pursuit of their goals. The result was the collapse of the country with varying degrees of violence. The findings support further research on international causes of civil wars.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Tito-Stalin Split to Yugoslavia's Finnish Connection: Neutralism Before Non-Alignment, 1948-1958
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: FROM THE TITO-STALIN SPLIT TO YUGOSLAVIA'S FINNISH CONNECTION: NEUTRALISM BEFORE NON-ALIGNMENT, 1948-1958. Rinna Elina Kullaa, Doctor of Philosophy 2008 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe Department of History After the Second World War the European continent stood divided between two clearly defined and competing systems of government, economic and social progress. Historians have repeatedly analyzed the formation of the Soviet bloc in the east, the subsequent superpower confrontation, and the resulting rise of Euro-Atlantic interconnection in the west. This dissertation provides a new view of how two borderlands steered clear of absorption into the Soviet bloc. It addresses the foreign relations of Yugoslavia and Finland with the Soviet Union and with each other between 1948 and 1958. Narrated here are their separate yet comparable and, to some extent, coordinated contests with the Soviet Union. Ending the presumed partnership with the Soviet Union, the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 launched Yugoslavia on a search for an alternative foreign policy, one that previously began before the split and helped to provoke it. After the split that search turned to avoiding violent conflict with the Soviet Union while creating alternative international partnerships to help the Communist state to survive in difficult postwar conditions. Finnish-Soviet relations between 1944 and 1948 showed the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry that in order to avoid invasion, it would have to demonstrate a commitment to minimizing security risks to the Soviet Union along its European political border and to not interfering in the Soviet domination of domestic politics elsewhere in Eastern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3A
    Tomislav Haraminčić and Dragan Frlan from Croatia, Jan van den Heuvel from Holland, Antonio Inguscio, Roberto Gentilli and Giancarlo Garello from Italy, Eddie Creek and Samir Karabašić from United Kingdom, Gerhard Stemmer, Chapter 1 Peter Petrick, Sven Carlsen, Jochen Prien, Ingo Möbius, Robert Fabry, Phillip Hilt and Christian Kirsch from Germany, György Punka, Csaba Stenge and Dénes Bernád from Hungary, Lucian Dobrovicescu from Romania, Čedomir Janić (+), Petar Bosnić (+), Vojislav Mikić (+), Zoran Miler (+), Šime Oštrić, Đorđe Nikolić, Aleksandar Kolo, Aleksandar Ognjević, Royal Emils Ognjan Petrović, Aleksandar Radić, Vuk Lončarević, Mario Hrelja, Dejan Vukmirović, Miodrag Savić and Aleksandar Stošović from Serbia, Marko Ličina, Marko Malec and Sašo Rebrica from Slovenia, and Russel Fahey, Mark O’Boyle, Craig Busby and Carl Molesworth from the United States. There are not enough words to describe our gratitude to them. Sincere thanks are also extended to Barbara and Colin Huston for reviewing our English text. We would especially like to thank the late Yugoslav, German and US aviators and their families, both those that we had the privilege to meet or contact in person as well as those known by our friends and colleagues, foremost Dušan Božović, Boris Cijan, Pavle Crnjanski, Mile Ćurgus, Milan Delić, Zlatko Dimčović, Stanislav Džodžović, Franc Godec, Milutin Grozdanović, Josip Helebrant, Aleksandar Janković, Vukadin Jelić, Bruno Južnić, Tomislav Kauzlarić, Đorđe Kešeljević, Božidar Kostić, Dragoslav Krstić, Otmar Lajh, Slavko Lampe, Kosta Lekić, Mihajlo Nikolić, Miloš Maksimović, Radenko Malešević, Ivan Masnec, Borivoje Marković, Borislav Milojević, Dobrivoje Milovanović, Dragoljub Milošević, The Land of the South Slavs 1929. Yet, at the same time on a broader perspective, the Ivan Padovan, Milutin Petrov, Svetozar Petrović, Miladin Romić, Josip Rupčić, Milisav Semiz, Milan Skendžić, Albin Starc, Kingdom became the key player in the Balkans.
    [Show full text]
  • From Ottawa to Sarajevo
    FROM OTTAWA TO SARAJEVO FROM OTTAWA TO SARAJEVO CANADIAN PEACEKEEPERS IN THE BALKANS Dawn M. Hewitt Centre for International Relations, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada 1998 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Hewitt, Dawn M. From Ottawa to Sarajevo : Canadian peacekeepers in the Balkans (Martello papers ; 18) ISBN 0-88911-788-8 1. United Nations – Armed Forces. 2. United Nations – Canada. 3. Canada – Armed Forces – Bosnia and Hercegovina. 4. Canada – Armed Forces – Croatia. 5. Canada – Armed Forces – Yugoslavia. I. Queen’s University (Kingston, Ont.). Centre for International Relations. II. Title. III. Series. JX1981.P7H49 1997 355.3’57’0971 C97-932224-3 © Copyright 1998 Dedication To my parents, Msgt (ret) Norman E. Hewitt and Mrs Ruth Kane Hewitt The way of arms and arts as the way of the warrior is a constant precept that needs no detailing. Keep arts at your left side, arms by your right, the two must complement each other, without one the other can not be. Hojo Code The Martello Papers This is the eighteenth in a series of security studies published over the past several years by the Queen’s University Centre for International Relations (QCIR), under the general title of the Martello Papers. “From Ottawa to Sarajevo” is a detailed, empirical examination of Canadian participation in UN peacekeeping efforts in the former Yugoslavia between 1992 and 1995, written by a US Air Force officer, Major Dawn Hewitt, who served as Visiting Defence Fellow at the Centre during the 1996-97 academic year. Peacekeeping, by all accounts, has become increasingly complex since the end- ing of the Cold War, and as Major Hewitt’s monograph reveals, nowhere have those complexities and frustrations been more apparent than in the former Yugo- slavia.
    [Show full text]
  • NATO Bombing of Yugoslavia
    “HENRI COANDA” “GENERAL M.R. STEFANIK” AIR FORCE ACADEMY ARMED FORCES ACADEMY ROMANIA SLOVAK REPUBLIC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE of SCIENTIFIC PAPER AFASES 2015 Brasov, 28-30 May 2015 NATO BOMBING IN THE FORMER REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA Diana Manolache*, Ciprian Chiş* *”Carol I” National Defense University, Bucharest, Romania Abstract: Within this work, we approached the bombing operation in Yugoslavia, named „Allied Force”, that was a part of the War which led to the establishment of Kosovo’s status. The development period of this operation, including bombardment operations, was 78 days, between 24th of March and 10th of June, 1999. In the conducted study, we chose to use the scientifique observation as method of scientifique research as well as we used the comparative-historical method and in terms of the techniques used, we focused mainly on documentary analysis, available with an extensive bibliography. In the conducted study, we have highlighted some dealt less aspects of the subject, and also, items related to the strategy used by combatants during the conflict emphasizing the pros and cons of strategic air power. From these elements can be formulated numerous lessons learned useful in future conflicts, and also, possible research directions. Keywords: Yugoslavia, NATO forces, bombing actions, aircraft. 1. INTRODUCTION The regulations, including the territorial ones, which took place during and after the The bombing operation in Yugoslavia was actions of all kinds from this conflict area, called „Allied Force” and was a part of the were framed within the provisions of United War led to the establishment of Kosovo’s Nations Security Council Resolution no. 1244.
    [Show full text]
  • Significance of the War in Kosovo for China and Russia
    Significance of the War in Kosovo for China and Russia SAKAGUCHI Yoshiaki MAYAMA Katsuhiko Introduction China and Russia were remarkably offended by the air campaign against Yugoslavia executed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from March till June in 1999. China and Russia considered the war in Kosovo as an aggressive war against Yugoslavia, a sovereign state which is out of NATO’s area, perpetrated by NATO under the leadership of the United States, and the two countries also perceived by this aggression the reinforcement of the unipolar world order with only superpower U.S. The political and military leaderships of the two countries started to review their defense policies because they recognized the U.S. policy of pursuing its global supremacy as an increasing military threat to them. And the war in Kosovo strongly affected the East Asian strategic environment because it gave China and Russia a chance to reinforce the strategic partnership between them. The reinforcement of China-Russian strategic partnership will have a serious influence on the security of Japan, and so we have to keep watch over its prospects. In this paper, we will analyze the following points. First is what China and Russia thought about the characters of the war in Kosovo. Second is what lessons they learned from this war for review of their defense policies. Third is what impact this war had on China- Russian strategic partnership and its prospects. And final point is what impact the reinforcement of their strategic partnership will have on the East Asian strategic environment and on the security of Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995
    The War and War-Games in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 The main events, disagreements and arguments, resulting in a “de facto” divided country Magnus Bjarnason (This page intentionally blank.) 2 The War and War-Games in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 The main events, disagreements and arguments, resulting in a “de facto” divided country Magnus Bjarnason 3 Anonymous cover photo: Media images make world politics and one picture is worth a thousand “facts”. Published by author. 2001 ISBN 9979-60-669-x Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. This book is intended for academic purposes and for those wishing to study the different aspects of the Yugoslav War of Disintegration. This book is not intended for sale. Extra copies can be obtained from “http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/f99-01.htm” as of 2002. The author wishes to thank the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) for supporting the research and publication of this book. The views expressed are those of the author and may diverge from current NATO policy in the Balkans. 4 The author expresses his sorrow over how politicians have caused such enormous unnecessary suffering to so many individuals. 5 Contents Chapter title: Page: Summary. 9 I. GENERAL BACKGROUND TO THE YUGOSLAV CIVIL WAR OF THE EARLY 1990s. 10 1. Introduction. 10 2. Background. 11 II. THE YUGOSLAV WAR OF DISINTEGRATION BETWEEN 1991-1995 AS SEEN FROM INSIDE THE CONFLICT AREA. THE WAR IN THE FIELD. 19 3. The Republic of Serbian Krajina, 1991-1995. 19 4. The Bosnian War in 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    MGZ 75/1 (2016): 94–122 OLDENBOURG Aufsatz Gaj Trifković Carnage in the Land of Three Rivers: The Syrmian Front 1944–1945 DOI 10.1515/mgzs-2016-0004 Abstract: The aim of this article will be to examine the operations of the Yugoslav Partisans and German armed forces in northern parts of Yugoslavia in late 1944 and early 1945. Since the summer of 1941, the communist-led guerrilla movement had conducted a massive guerrilla campaign against Axis forces, at the same time striving to build a regular army and thus gain recognition as a full-time member of the anti-Hitler coalition. The arrival of the Red Army and liberation of country’s eastern parts in September and October 1944 secured material foundations for a creation of a regular field force. Whether this nascent army would be capable of defeating its retreating, but still dangerous German foe remained to be seen. Keywords: Yugoslavia, Syrmia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Second World War, Parti- sans, Wehrmacht, front, operations, NOVJ The fierce fighting in the flat, open terrain of the province of Syrmia1 counted among the bloodiest of the whole war and left a lasting controversy about whether the Yugoslav Partisans should have pursued an active campaign on the so-called »Syrmian Front« in the first place. In the socialist Yugoslavia prior to the late 1970s, descriptions of operations on the Syrmian Front could usually be found in either general war histories or in unit histories; relevant Partisan docu- ments were published in several volumes of the massive »Zbornik dokumenata i 1 Syrmia (Serbian: Srem; Croatian: Srijem) is the geographical region between the rivers Danube and Sava, stretching from Belgrade in the east to the line north of Vukovar-Bosna estuary in the west.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kosovo Campaign: Aerospace Power Made It Work a US Air Force F-16 USAF Photo by Sra
    An Air Force Association Special Report The Kosovo Campaign: Aerospace Power Made It Work A US Air Force F-16 USAF photo by SrA. Stan Parker pilot from the 23rd Fighter Squadron, Spangdahlem AB, Germany, shows the fl ag just before a mission over Yugoslavia on May 3. The NATO airstrikes began March 24 and ended June 9. Sponsored by The Air Force Association The Air Force Association is an independent veterans’ organization whose objective is to promote greater public understanding of aerospace and national defense issues. AFA publishes Air Force Magazine and conducts programs directed at Congress, the news media, and the public. It has 287 local chapters in the United States and overseas. It was incorporated in 1946. The Aerospace Education Foundation The Aerospace Education is AFA’s educational affi liate, established in 1956. It conducts a range of educational programs for public school students, teachers, and the general public. AEF awards scholarships and study grants. Its programs include the “Visions of Exploration” program, a joint effort with USA Today newspaper and local AFA chapters to promote science and math in elementary school classrooms. The Eaker Institute for Aerospace Concepts The Eaker Institute is the Aerospace Education Foundation’s public policy and research arm, established in 1996 to expand on AEF’s existing educational and publishing efforts in aerospace and national security policy. It is named after Gen. Ira C. Eaker, commander of the Eighth Air Force in World War II and a notable writer, lecturer, and thinker on aerospace issues. An Air Force Association Special Report 1 The Kosovo Campaign: Aerospace Power Made It Work September 1999 By Rebecca Grant Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Nellis Air Show Ph
    Aviation Photography and Spotting 28 25th malta air show nellis air show ph. Rob Hendriks ph. slododa 2017 www.spottersmag.com ph.remo guidi #contents #10 slododa 2017 ph.ennio varani #22 339 mira disbands #30 25th malta int. air show #46 f-22 at raf lakenhath again! #56 l. berendsen photogallery #66 nellis air show #76 blue flag photogallery #86 rjaf’s falcons #94 A2A with the CAC Winjeel photo cover by Rob Hendriks Copyright 2013-2017 Massimo Pieranunzi Editore No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the prior written consent of the publisher. Views and opinions expressed in this publication are strictly those of the writers, photographers and contributors, and are not necessarily those of the publisher. The publisher and editorial staff accept no responsibility for any effect arising from errors. Every effort has been made to trace and request permission to use copyright materials in this electronic magazine, this has been impossible in some case. All copyrights are retained by their creators and originators and there is no intended infringement on those rights. Materials used in the magazine are solely for informational purposes. If notified, we will be pleased to rectify any omissions. 4 Spotters e-Magazine Spotters e-Magazine 5 #Contributors Rob Hendriks, Remo Guidi, Ennio Varani, Markus Altmann, ph.markus altmann Mirco Bonato, Paul van den Hurk, Hans Looijmans, Ray Biagio Pace, Maria Chiara Pace, Danny Reijnen, Lidie Berendsen, George Karavantos, Patrice Dochain, Giampaolo Tonello, Darren Crick #Staff Massimo Pieranunzi (Publisher) Carlo Dedoni (Chief editor) 6 Spotters e-Magazine Spotters e-Magazine 7 8 Spotters e-Magazine Spotters e-Magazine 9 editors’pick ph.mirco bonato #report TJ-2 SLOBODA 2017 Batajnica AB by Rob Hendriks/www.fly-by.nl 10 Spotters e-Magazine Spotters e-Magazine 11 This year on Friday October 20th a big military exhibition, called 2xJ-2, 3x TJ-2 “Sloboda 2017” was held at Batajnica Airbase, near the Serbian capital Belgrade.
    [Show full text]