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Body Size and Biomass Distributions of Carrion Visiting Beetles: Do Cities Host Smaller Species?
Ecol Res (2008) 23: 241–248 DOI 10.1007/s11284-007-0369-9 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Werner Ulrich Æ Karol Komosin´ski Æ Marcin Zalewski Body size and biomass distributions of carrion visiting beetles: do cities host smaller species? Received: 15 November 2006 / Accepted: 14 February 2007 / Published online: 28 March 2007 Ó The Ecological Society of Japan 2007 Abstract The question how animal body size changes Introduction along urban–rural gradients has received much attention from carabidologists, who noticed that cities harbour Animal and plant body size is correlated with many smaller species than natural sites. For Carabidae this aspects of life history traits and species interactions pattern is frequently connected with increasing distur- (dispersal, reproduction, energy intake, competition; bance regimes towards cities, which favour smaller Brown et al. 2004; Brose et al. 2006). Therefore, species winged species of higher dispersal ability. However, body size distributions (here understood as the fre- whether changes in body size distributions can be gen- quency distribution of log body size classes, SSDs) are eralised and whether common patterns exist are largely often used to infer patterns of species assembly and unknown. Here we report on body size distributions of energy use (Peters 1983; Calder 1984; Holling 1992; carcass-visiting beetles along an urban–rural gradient in Gotelli and Graves 1996; Etienne and Olff 2004; Ulrich northern Poland. Based on samplings of 58 necrophages 2005a, 2006). and 43 predatory beetle species, mainly of the families Many of the studies on local SSDs focused on the Catopidae, Silphidae, and Staphylinidae, we found number of modes and the shape. -
Disturbance and Recovery of Litter Fauna: a Contribution to Environmental Conservation
Disturbance and recovery of litter fauna: a contribution to environmental conservation Vincent Comor Disturbance and recovery of litter fauna: a contribution to environmental conservation Vincent Comor Thesis committee PhD promotors Prof. dr. Herbert H.T. Prins Professor of Resource Ecology Wageningen University Prof. dr. Steven de Bie Professor of Sustainable Use of Living Resources Wageningen University PhD supervisor Dr. Frank van Langevelde Assistant Professor, Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. Lijbert Brussaard, Wageningen University Prof. dr. Peter C. de Ruiter, Wageningen University Prof. dr. Nico M. van Straalen, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Prof. dr. Wim H. van der Putten, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen This research was conducted under the auspices of the C.T. de Wit Graduate School of Production Ecology & Resource Conservation Disturbance and recovery of litter fauna: a contribution to environmental conservation Vincent Comor Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 21 October 2013 at 11 a.m. in the Aula Vincent Comor Disturbance and recovery of litter fauna: a contribution to environmental conservation 114 pages Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (2013) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN 978-94-6173-749-6 Propositions 1. The environmental filters created by constraining environmental conditions may influence a species assembly to be driven by deterministic processes rather than stochastic ones. (this thesis) 2. High species richness promotes the resistance of communities to disturbance, but high species abundance does not. -
Homicide Studies: Ten Years After Its Inception
Homicide Studies: Ten Years After Its Inception Proceedings of the 2007 Homicide Research Working Group Annual Symposium Minneapolis, Minnesota June 7-10 Edited by Katharina Gruenberg Lancaster University And C. Gabrielle Salfati John Jay College of Criminal Justice 1 Acknowledgements 2 The Homicide Research Working Group (HRWG) is an international and interdisciplinary organization of volunteers dedicated to cooperation among researchers and practitioners who are trying to understand and limit lethal violence. The HRWG has the following goals: to forge links between research, epidemiology and practical programs to reduce levels of mortality from violence; to promote improved data quality and the linking of diverse homicide data sources; to foster collaborative, interdisciplinary research on lethal and non-lethal violence; to encourage more efficient sharing of techniques for measuring and analyzing homicide; to create and maintain a communication network among those collecting, maintaining and analyzing homicide data sets; and to generate a stronger working relationship among homicide researchers. Homicide Research Working Group publications, which include the Proceedings of each annual Intensive Workshop (beginning in 1992), the HRWG Newsletter, and the contents of issues of the journal Homicide Studies (beginning in 1997), may be downloaded from the HRWG web site, which is maintained by the Inter-University Consortium of Political and Social Research, at the following address: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/HRWG/ Suggested citation: Lin Huff-Corzine Katharina Gruenberg, Gabrielle Salfati (Eds.) (2007). Homicide Studies: Ten Years After Its Inception. Proceedings of the 2007 Meeting of the Homicide Research Working Group. Minneapolis, MN : Homicide Research Working Group. The views expressed in these Proceedings are those of the authors and speakers, and not necessarily those of the Homicide Research Working Group or the editor of this volume. -
University of Groningen Homicide
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Groningen University of Groningen Homicide – Suicide in the Netherlands. An epidemiology. Liem, M; Postulart, M.; Nieuwbeerta, P. Published in: Homicide Studies DOI: 10.1177/1088767908330833 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2009 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Liem, M., Postulart, M., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2009). Homicide – Suicide in the Netherlands. An epidemiology. Homicide Studies, 13, 99-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767908330833 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-11-2019 Homicide Studies http://hsx.sagepub.com/ Homicide-Suicide -
A Current Absence of Neonaticide in Norway
VOLUME 18 - No 2 - 2012 - Page 155-163 - doi: 10.2478/v10278-012-0005-2 Scandinavian journal of FORENSIC SCIENCE Nordisk rettsmedisin A current absence of neonaticide in Norway Vibeke Ottesen Centre for Evolutionary and Ecological Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study is the first attempt to explore the rate, characteristics and legal reactions to neonaticide in Norway during the years 1990 – 2009. Potential incidents of neonaticide were identified through the national homicide index held by the National Criminal Investigation Service and the national police registers for all recorded crime in Norway held by the National Police Computing and Material Services. The study uncovers that no clear incident of neonaticide has been recorded in the respective registers during the study’s time period. There was however recorded one case of a discarded stillborn and one case of an abandoned neonate that died through exposure. The paper discusses whether the study’s findings are congruent with an evolutionary psychological understanding of filicide and current knowledge of risk factors and rates for neonaticide. Keywords: Evolutionary psychology, Filicide, Neonaticide INtrODUctiON hypothesis concerning alternative probabilities for risk factors for every recognised category of homicide, including filicide, successfully identifying Neonaticide, defined as the killing of a newborn within the first 24 hours after significant risk factors [15-27]. its birth, was first recognised as a distinct type of caretaker perpetrated child The present study is the first attempt to explore the rate and homicide (filicide) in a seminal paper by the psychiatrist Phillip J. -
HOMICIDE STUDIES an Interdisciplinary & International Journal
HOMICIDE STUDIES An Interdisciplinary & International Journal Editor M. Dwayne Smith, Criminology, University of South Florida Associate Editors Carolyn Rebecca Block, Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, Cofounder of Homicide Research Working Group Richard Block, Sociology, Loyola University, Cofounder of Homicide Research Working Group Jay Corzine, Sociology, University of Central Florida Editorial Board Allan F.Abrahamse, RAND Corporation Leigh Buchanan Bienen, Law, Northwestern University Paul H. Blackman, National Rifle Association Alfred Blumstein, Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University Jacquelyn Campbell, Nursing, Johns Hopkins University David Canter, Psychology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom Derral Cheatwood, Social and Policy Sciences, University of Texas–San Antonio Martin Daly, Psychology, McMaster University, Canada Chris Dunn, ICPSR, University of Michigan Michael Finnegan, Anthropology, Kansas State University James Alan Fox, Criminal Justice, Northeastern University Kenneth C. Haas, Criminal Justice, University of Delaware Darnell F.Hawkins, African American Studies, University of Illinois–Chicago Kathleen M. Heide, Criminology, University of South Florida Ronald M. Holmes, Justice Administration, University of Louisville Lin Huff-Corzine, Sociology, University of Central Florida John P.Jarvis, Federal Bureau of Investigation Academy Simha F.Landau, Criminology & Law, Hebrew University, Israel Pamela K. Lattimore, Research Triangle Institute Cheryl Maxson, Law & Society, University -
Pedro Giovâni Da Silva EFEITO AMBIENTAL, ESPACIAL E
Pedro Giovâni da Silva EFEITO AMBIENTAL, ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL NA ESTRUTURAÇÃO DAS ASSEMBLEIAS DE SCARABAEINAE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) NA MATA ATLÂNTICA DO SUL DO BRASIL Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ecologia. Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Malva Isabel Medina Hernández Florianópolis 2015 2 Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC. 4 Este trabalho é dedicado à minha esposa, pais e irmãs. 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradecer a todos que de alguma forma contribuíram com este trabalho é uma tarefa difícil e espero não esquecer ninguém. Agradeço o apoio e companheirismo de minha esposa, Franciéle, que me ajudou inclusive na realização das coletas quando possível – subir os morros da Mata Atlântica no verão nunca é fácil! Agradeço a meus pais, Pedro e Leni, e minhas irmãs, Carla, Fabiana, Tatiane e Daniele, pelo suporte de sempre durante o caminho que escolhi seguir. Não posso deixar de incluir na lista de familiares minha cunhada, Dirnele, que também quase morreu ajudou nas coletas. Enorme e sincero agradecimento à minha orientadora, Profa. Malva Isabel Medina Hernández, pela aprendizagem e oportunidade de continuar meu aperfeiçoamento acadêmico-profissional junto a um espetacular time de colegas-amigos do Laboratório de Ecologia Terrestre Animal (LECOTA), com os quais tive a alegria de compartilhar horas de experiências de aprendizado e troca de ideias (e scripts de R!), e muita ajuda de campo. Cito aqui Renata, Juliano, Moacyr, Patrícia, Victor, Andros, Cássio, Alexandre, Mari Niero, Mariah, Camila, Júlia, Malu, Mari Dalva, Clisten, Aline, Anderson e Talita. -
Obe2005a.Pdf
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 323 (2005) 100–117 www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Response of oxidative stress parameters and sunscreening compounds in Arctic amphipods during experimental exposure to maximal natural UVB radiation B. Obermu¨llera, U. Karstenb, D. Abelea,* aAlfred-Wegener–Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Animal Ecophysiology, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany bDepartment of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, 18057 Rostock, Germany Received 29 October 2004; received in revised form 19 February 2005; accepted 22 March 2005 Abstract The paper investigates tolerance to UV radiation (UVR) in 3 amphipod species from the Arctic Kongsfjord, Spitsbergen: the herbivore Gammarellus homari (0- to 5-m water depth), the strictly carnivore scavenger Anonyx nugax (2- to 5-m water depth) and the detritivore/carnivore Onisimus edwardsi (2- to 5-m water depth). In previous radiation exposure experiments, both carnivore species displayed elevated mortality rates already at moderate UVR levels. Therefore, the concentrations of sunscreening compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs, and carotenoids) and two antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase) were studied in the animals under control conditions and following moderate as well as high UVR exposure. In both carnivore amphipods elevated sensitivity to experimental UVR exposure went along with a degradation of the tissue carotenoid and MAAs and a decrease of the enzymatic antioxidant defence, which resulted in increased lipid peroxidation in exposed animals. In contrast, the herbivore G. homari seems well protected by high concentrations of MAAs absorbed from its algal diet, and no oxidative stress occurred under experimental UVR. -
Antarctic Amphipods Feeding Habits Inferred by Gut Contents and Mandible Morphology
CHAPTER 4: ANTARCTIC AMPHIPODS FEEDING HABITS INFERRED BY GUT CONTENTS AND MANDIBLE MORPHOLOGY To be submitted Amphipods feeding habits inferred by gut contents and mandible morphology ABSTRACT In this work, we have investigated the possibility to infer amphipod feeding type from morphology of amphipod mandible combined to the gut content composition. Ten species mouthparts have been dissected and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From gut content composition, four main trophic categories were distinguished: (micro- and macro-) herbivores, opportunistic predator, specialist carnivore and opportunistic scavenger. Macro-herbivores (Djerboa furcipes, Oradarea n. sp., Oradarea walkeri) show a rather similar mandible morphology which does not differ very much from the amphipod mandible basic plan. Their diet essentially composed of macroalgae required strong and well toothed incisors to cut fragments of thallus. The suspension-feeder (Ampelisca richardsoni) shows few molar ridges and poorly developed, the small phytoplanktonic components requiring less triturating process to be ingestible compared to tough algae. The opportunistic predator (Eusirus perdentatus) shows mandible morphology close to the basic model excepted for the molar which is tall, narrow and topped by a reduced triturative area. This could facilitate a fast ingestion. The species revealed as specialised carnivores (Epimeria similis and Iphimediella cyclogena) have been compared with other Antarctic species which also feed exclusively on the same item and the mandible morphology presented numerous dissimilarities. Finally, the molar development of scavenger species (Tryphosella murrayi and Parschisturella carinata) suggests that these animals rely on a broader dietary regime than carrion only. In any case, the smooth and sharp incisor of these lysianassoids seems adapted for feeding on meat. -
Avian Scavengers, but Not Conspecifics, Feeding on the Carcasses of Storm-Killed Turkey Vultures on the Falkland Islands
Vulture News 67 November 2014 vember 2013 Avian scavengers, but not conspecifics, feeding on the carcasses of storm-killed Turkey Vultures on the Falkland Islands Keith L. Bildstein1*, Micky Reeves2, Melissa M. Bobowski1 and Anna R. Autilio3 1Acopian Center for Conservation Learning, Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 410 Summer Valley Road, Orwigsburg, PA 17961, USA. 2 Falklands Conservation, Jubilee Villas, Stanley, Falkland Islands. 3 Department of Biology, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Introduction Fernandez-Arroyo (2001); two young Griffon Vultures feeding on the Cannibalism, which the Shorter carcass of a conspecific in an area Oxford English Dictionary defines as where poisoning had occurred “an animal that eats members of its (Camiña et al. 2002); and several own species” (Trumball & Stevenson Griffon Vultures pecking at, and 2002), is quite common among birds subsequently killing and eating, a of prey. However, it is thought to be conspecific that was trapped under a rare among both Old and New world rock while feeding on a sheep carcass vultures (Mundy et al. 1992, Clinton- (Martinez de Lecea 2011). In Africa, Eitniear & McGehee 1994). Mundy et al. (1992) report Gyps Examples of cannibalism from Spain vultures feeding on an African White- include an ambulatory nestling backed Vulture (G. africanus) that Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) feeding had been “caught by the wing in an upon an adult (presumably its dead elephant’s carcass and had died, or parent) at a nest (Fernandez & was killed, at the spot and eaten there by other vultures.” They also mention 53 Vulture News 67 November 2014 vember 2013 a report of Cape Vultures (G. -
A Current Absence of Neonaticide in Norway
VOLUME 18 - No 2 - 2012 - Page 155-163 - doi: 10.2478/v10278-012-0005-2 Scandinavian journal of FORENSIC SCIENCE Nordisk rettsmedisin A current absence of neonaticide in Norway Vibeke Ottesen Centre for Evolutionary and Ecological Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway [email protected] ABSTRACT The present study is the first attempt to explore the rate, characteristics and legal reactions to neonaticide in Norway during the years 1990 – 2009. Potential incidents of neonaticide were identified through the national homicide index held by the National Criminal Investigation Service and the national police registers for all recorded crime in Norway held by the National Police Computing and Material Services. The study uncovers that no clear incident of neonaticide has been recorded in the respective registers during the study’s time period. There was however recorded one case of a discarded stillborn and one case of an abandoned neonate that died through exposure. The paper discusses whether the study’s findings are congruent with an evolutionary psychological understanding of filicide and current knowledge of risk factors and rates for neonaticide. Keywords: Evolutionary psychology, Filicide, Neonaticide INtrODUctiON hypothesis concerning alternative probabilities for risk factors for every recognised category of homicide, including filicide, successfully identifying Neonaticide, defined as the killing of a newborn within the first 24 hours after significant risk factors [15-27]. its birth, was first recognised as a distinct type of caretaker perpetrated child The present study is the first attempt to explore the rate and homicide (filicide) in a seminal paper by the psychiatrist Phillip J. -
A Dual Process Architecture for Ontology-Based Systems
A Dual Process Architecture for Ontology-based Systems Antonio Lieto1,3, Andrea Minieri1, Alberto Piana1, Daniele P. Radicioni1 and Marcello Frixione2 1Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit`adi Torino, Torino, Italy 2DAFIST, Universit`adi Genova, Genova, Italy 3ICAR-CNR, Palermo, Italy Keywords: Knowledge Representation, Formal Ontologies, Conceptual Spaces, Common Sense Reasoning, Dual Process Theory, Prototypical Reasoning. Abstract: In this work we present an ontology-based system equipped with a hybrid architecture for the representation of conceptual information. The proposed system aims at extending the representational and reasoning capabilities of classical ontology-based systems towards more realistic and cognitively grounded scenarios, such as those envisioned by the prototype theory. The resulting system attempts to reconcile the heterogeneous approach to the concepts in Cognitive Science and the dual process theories of reasoning and rationality. The system has been experimentally assessed in a conceptual categorization task where common sense linguistic descriptions were given in input, and the corresponding target concepts had to be identified. The results show that the proposed solution substantially improves on the representational and reasoning “conceptual” capabilities of standard ontology-based systems. 1 INTRODUCTION prototypical terms. However, these systems were later sacrificed in fa- One of the main open problems in the field of on- vor of a class of formalisms stemmed from structured tology engineering is that formal ontologies do not inheritance semantic networks and based in a more allow –for technical convenience– neither the repre- rigorous semantics: the first system in this line of sentation of concepts in prototypical terms nor forms research was the KL-ONE system (Brachmann and of approximate, non monotonic, conceptual reason- Schmolze, 1985).