DOCSLIB.ORG

How to Download File Using Libcurl Libcurl - Small Example Snippets

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How to Download File Using Libcurl Libcurl - Small Example Snippets how to download file using libcurl libcurl - small example snippets. These files are intended as examples only. In the interest of simplicity and clarity, they might not include proper error handling and might produce compiler warnings on some platforms. Real-world applications should pay more attention to these issues. Download allexamples.zip, it contains all the example sources listed here. All examples are written in C, unless specifically mentioned. The examples. You also find these examples in the distribution archive, in docs/examples. Download Files in C++ Using LibCurl and Indicators Progress Bars. Downloading files and showing the download progress in Python is simple. However, sometimes we would like to do the same thing in a C++ program. In this blog post, I would like to show how to download files using the LibCurl library and the indicators progress bar library in C++. Download C++ Application. Download Dependencies. We have to install the following dependencies. Alternatively, we could also use Docker container created from the following Dockerfile. To display a progress bar for downloading the file, we could use the indicators header-only library. Just download the header file and compile the download application with the header file. Implement Application. The simple download application was implemented as follows. Build Application. Run Application. We could use the download application to download a common machine learning dataset. References. Lei Mao. Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science. Download Files in C++ Using LibCurl and Indicators Progress Bars was published on July 06, 2021 and last modified on July 06, 2021 by Lei Mao. libcurl - the multiprotocol file transfer library. libcurl is a free and easy-to-use client-side URL transfer library, supporting DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET and TFTP. libcurl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, HTTP/2, HTTP/3, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, Kerberos), file transfer resume, http proxy tunneling and more! libcurl is highly portable, it builds and works identically on numerous platforms, including Solaris, NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Darwin, HPUX, IRIX, AIX, Tru64, Linux, UnixWare, HURD, Windows, Amiga, OS/2, BeOs, Mac OS X, Ultrix, QNX, OpenVMS, RISC OS, Novell NetWare, DOS and more. Go to the regular curl download page and get the latest curl package, or one of the specific libcurl packages listed. You use libcurl with the provided C API. The curl team works hard to keep the API and ABI stable. If you prefer using libcurl from your other favorite language, chances are there's already a binding written for it. Check out our using libcurl page for general hints and advice, the free HTTP client library comparison. or read the comparisons against libwww and WinInet. libcurl is probably the most portable, most powerful and most often used network transfer library on this planet. How to download file using libcurl. Considering you are in the linux/unix section. The *nix sort command makes use of an external merge sorting algorithm. What it means is, that it will use less memory than is available regardless of the size the file might be that is being sorted. This has not been properly documented in wikipedia but here are some articles. You could use the source of "sort" or you call the command when needed. It will affect your code portability outside of the *nix family OSes. sort unsorted_file > sorted_file. Use a memory mapped file That'll use the whole machine. But 2G on a machine is nothing these days, so it's probably the best method. However, if the file is larger than the address space, you will need to use a different method though. use this idea(called merged sort) first divide it into small parts(like 1000 :D ) then just start sorting each of them. now select two small file, load the first of both. compare those, call the smaller one tmp(or anything else) now write tmp to answer file now read next line from file who had tmp, and repeat until you reach EOF. how to install curl and libcurl. Lots of people download binary distributions of curl and libcurl. This document does not describe how to install curl or libcurl using such a binary package. This document describes how to compile, build and install curl and libcurl from source code. Building using vcpkg. You can download and install curl and libcurl using the vcpkg dependency manager: The curl port in vcpkg is kept up to date by Microsoft team members and community contributors. If the version is out of date, please create an issue or pull request on the vcpkg repository. Building from git. If you get your code off a git repository instead of a release tarball, see the GIT-INFO file in the root directory for specific instructions on how to proceed. A normal Unix installation is made in three or four steps (after you've unpacked the source archive): (Adjust the configure line accordingly to use the TLS library you want.) You probably need to be root when doing the last command. Get a full listing of all available configure options by invoking it like: If you want to install curl in a different file hierarchy than /usr/local , specify that when running configure: If you have write permission in that directory, you can do 'make install' without being root. An example of this would be to make a local install in your own home directory: The configure script always tries to find a working SSL library unless explicitly told not to. If you have OpenSSL installed in the default search path for your compiler/linker, you don't need to do anything special. If you have OpenSSL installed in /usr/local/ssl , you can run configure like: If you have OpenSSL installed somewhere else (for example, /opt/OpenSSL ) and you have pkg-config installed, set the pkg-config path first, like this: Without pkg-config installed, use this: If you insist on forcing a build without SSL support, even though you may have OpenSSL installed in your system, you can run configure like this: If you have OpenSSL installed, but with the libraries in one place and the header files somewhere else, you have to set the LDFLAGS and CPPFLAGS environment variables prior to running configure. Something like this should work: If you have shared SSL libs installed in a directory where your run-time linker doesn't find them (which usually causes configure failures), you can provide this option to gcc to set a hard-coded path to the run-time linker: More Options. To force a static library compile, disable the shared library creation by running configure like: To tell the configure script to skip searching for thread-safe functions, add an option like: If you're a curl developer and use gcc, you might want to enable more debug options with the --enable-debug option. curl can be built to use a whole range of libraries to provide various useful services, and configure will try to auto-detect a decent default. But if you want to alter it, you can select how to deal with each individual library. Select TLS backend. These options are provided to select TLS backend to use. AmiSSL: --with-amissl BearSSL: --with-bearssl GnuTLS: --with-gnutls . mbedTLS: --with-mbedtls MesaLink: --with-mesalink NSS: --with-nss OpenSSL: --with-openssl (also for BoringSSL and libressl) rustls: --with-rustls schannel: --with-schannel secure transport: --with-secure-transport wolfSSL: --with-wolfssl. Windows. Building Windows DLLs and C run-time (CRT) linkage issues. As a general rule, building a DLL with static CRT linkage is highly discouraged, and intermixing CRTs in the same app is something to avoid at any cost. Reading and comprehending Microsoft Knowledge Base articles KB94248 and KB140584 is a must for any Windows developer. Especially important is full understanding if you are not going to follow the advice given above. If your app is misbehaving in some strange way, or it is suffering from memory corruption, before asking for further help, please try first to rebuild every single library your app uses as well as your app using the debug multithreaded dynamic C runtime. If you get linkage errors read section 5.7 of the FAQ document. MingW32. Make sure that MinGW32's bin dir is in the search path, for example: then run mingw32-make mingw32 in the root dir. There are other make targets available to build libcurl with more features, use: mingw32-make mingw32-zlib to build with Zlib support; mingw32-make mingw32-ssl-zlib to build with SSL and Zlib enabled; mingw32-make mingw32-ssh2-ssl-zlib to build with SSH2, SSL, Zlib; mingw32-make mingw32-ssh2-ssl-sspi-zlib to build with SSH2, SSL, Zlib and SSPI support. If you have any problems linking libraries or finding header files, be sure to verify that the provided Makefile.m32 files use the proper paths, and adjust as necessary. It is also possible to override these paths with environment variables, for example: It is also possible to build with other LDAP SDKs than MS LDAP; currently it is possible to build with native Win32 OpenLDAP, or with the Novell CLDAP SDK. If you want to use these you need to set these vars: or for using the Novell SDK: If you want to enable LDAPS support then set LDAPS=1. Cygwin. Almost identical to the unix installation. Run the configure script in the curl source tree root with sh configure .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ebook - Informations About Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download
    eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org AIX Internet: AIX AmigaOS Internet: AmigaOS AtheOS Internet: AtheOS BeIA Internet: BeIA BeOS Internet: BeOS BSDi Internet: BSDi CP/M Internet: CP/M Darwin Internet: Darwin EPOC Internet: EPOC FreeBSD Internet: FreeBSD HP-UX Internet: HP-UX Hurd Internet: Hurd Inferno Internet: Inferno IRIX Internet: IRIX JavaOS Internet: JavaOS LFS Internet: LFS Linspire Internet: Linspire Linux Internet: Linux MacOS Internet: MacOS Minix Internet: Minix MorphOS Internet: MorphOS MS-DOS Internet: MS-DOS MVS Internet: MVS NetBSD Internet: NetBSD NetWare Internet: NetWare Newdeal Internet: Newdeal NEXTSTEP Internet: NEXTSTEP OpenBSD Internet: OpenBSD OS/2 Internet: OS/2 Further operating systems Internet: Further operating systems PalmOS Internet: PalmOS Plan9 Internet: Plan9 QNX Internet: QNX RiscOS Internet: RiscOS Solaris Internet: Solaris SuSE Linux Internet: SuSE Linux Unicos Internet: Unicos Unix Internet: Unix Unixware Internet: Unixware Windows 2000 Internet: Windows 2000 Windows 3.11 Internet: Windows 3.11 Windows 95 Internet: Windows 95 Windows 98 Internet: Windows 98 Windows CE Internet: Windows CE Windows Family Internet: Windows Family Windows ME Internet: Windows ME Seite 1 von 138 eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org Windows NT 3.1 Internet: Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 4.0 Internet: Windows NT 4.0 Windows Server 2003 Internet: Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista Internet: Windows Vista Windows XP Internet: Windows XP Apple - Company Internet: Apple - Company AT&T - Company Internet: AT&T - Company Be Inc. - Company Internet: Be Inc. - Company BSD Family Internet: BSD Family Cray Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Lettera Dell'alfabeto Turco, La Quale Si Usa Anche Con Gli Accenti Aggiuntivi Per Comporre Ì, Í, Ï
    I ı senza punto [ ı ]. Lettera dell’alfabeto turco, la quale si usa anche con gli accenti aggiuntivi per comporre ì, í, ï, ĩ. i.e. → id est ialografia [dal gr. hýalos, «vetro», e grafia, dal gr. -graphía, der. di gráphō, «scrivere»]. Incisione su vetro. Si può anche impiegare come fototipo* per ottenere una forma di stampa. ialotipia [dal gr. hýalos, «vetro», e tipia, da tipo- dal lat. typus, gr. týpos, «impronta, carattere»]. Procedimento di stampa che utilizza lastre di zinco su cui sono riportate incisioni fatte su lastre di vetro. iato [dal lat. hiatus -us, der. di hiare, «aprirsi»]. Indica l’incontro di vocali non solo nel corpo d’una stessa parola, ma anche in fine e principio di due parole consecutive. (v. anche elisione). ib., ibid. → ibidem ibidem [it. in quello stesso luogo]. Termine latino, spesso abbreviato ib., che significa nello stesso luogo. Utilizzato nelle note a piè di pagina, consente di evitare di ripetere il titolo dell’opera citata subito prima. IBN → Index bio-bibliographicus notorum hominum (IBN). ibrida [ingl. hibrid; dal lat. hybrĭda «bastardo», di etimo incerto]. Termine utilizzato per definire una scrittura che mostra elementi di scritture diverse. ICA Acronimo di International Council of Archive (<www.ica.org>). icnografia [dal gr. ichnographía, comp. di íchnos, «traccia» e -graphía «-grafia»]. Rappresentazione grafica, in proiezione ortogonale, della sezione orizzontale di un edificio. Sinonimo di pianta. icòna [dal gr. biz. eikóna, gr. class. eikṓn -ónos, «immagine»]. 1. Immagine sacra, rappresentante il Cristo, la Vergine, uno o più santi, dipinta su tavoletta di legno o lastra di metallo, spesso decorata d’oro, argento e pietre preziose, tipica dell’arte bizantina e, in seguito, di quella russa e balcanica.
    [Show full text]
  • Amigaos 3.2 FAQ 47.1 (09.04.2021) English
    $VER: AmigaOS 3.2 FAQ 47.1 (09.04.2021) English Please note: This file contains a list of frequently asked questions along with answers, sorted by topics. Before trying to contact support, please read through this FAQ to determine whether or not it answers your question(s). Whilst this FAQ is focused on AmigaOS 3.2, it contains information regarding previous AmigaOS versions. Index of topics covered in this FAQ: 1. Installation 1.1 * What are the minimum hardware requirements for AmigaOS 3.2? 1.2 * Why won't AmigaOS 3.2 boot with 512 KB of RAM? 1.3 * Ok, I get it; 512 KB is not enough anymore, but can I get my way with less than 2 MB of RAM? 1.4 * How can I verify whether I correctly installed AmigaOS 3.2? 1.5 * Do you have any tips that can help me with 3.2 using my current hardware and software combination? 1.6 * The Help subsystem fails, it seems it is not available anymore. What happened? 1.7 * What are GlowIcons? Should I choose to install them? 1.8 * How can I verify the integrity of my AmigaOS 3.2 CD-ROM? 1.9 * My Greek/Russian/Polish/Turkish fonts are not being properly displayed. How can I fix this? 1.10 * When I boot from my AmigaOS 3.2 CD-ROM, I am being welcomed to the "AmigaOS Preinstallation Environment". What does this mean? 1.11 * What is the optimal ADF images/floppy disk ordering for a full AmigaOS 3.2 installation? 1.12 * LoadModule fails for some unknown reason when trying to update my ROM modules.
    [Show full text]
  • Dualbooting Amigaos 4 and Amigaos 3.5/3.9
    Dualbooting AmigaOS 4 and AmigaOS 3.5/3.9 By Christoph Gutjahr. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License This tutorial explains how to turn a classic Amiga into a dualboot system that lets you choose the desired operating system - AmigaOS 4 or AmigaOS 3.5/3.9 - at every cold start. A "cold start" happens when... 1. the computer has just been switched on 2. you press the key combination Control-Amiga-Amiga for more than ten seconds while running AmigaOS 3 3. you press Control-Alt-Alt (instead of Control-Amiga-Amiga) under AmigaOS 4 During a "warm reboot" (e.g. by shortly pressing Control-Amiga-Amiga), the operating system that is currently used will be booted again. Requirements This tutorial is only useful for people using AmigaOS 3.5 or 3.9 in addition to AmigaOS 4. If you're using an older version of OS 3, you can not use the scripts described below. The Amiga in question should have two boot partitions - one for AmigaOS 4 and one for AmigaOS 3.5/3.9, both should be below the famous 4 GB barrier. The OS 4 partition must have a higher boot priority. Two different solutions There are two different approaches for dualbooting: the first one described below will display a simple 'boot menu' at every cold boot, asking the user to select the OS he wants to boot. The other solution explained afterwards will always boot into AmigaOS 4, unless the user enters the "Early Startup Menu" and selects the OS 3 partition as the boot drive.
    [Show full text]
  • Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
    Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • All Computer Applications Need to Store and Retrieve Information
    MyFS: An Enhanced File System for MINIX A Dissertation Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF ENGINEERING ( COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY & APPLICATIONS ) By ASHISH BHAWSAR College Roll No. 05/CTA/03 Delhi University Roll No. 3005 Under the guidance of Prof. Asok De Department Of Computer Engineering Delhi College Of Engineering, New Delhi-110042 (University of Delhi) July-2005 1 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “MyFS: An Enhanced File System for MINIX” submitted by Ashish Bhawsar in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Engineering in Computer Technology and Application, Delhi College of Engineering is an account of his work carried out under my guidance and supervision. Professor D. Roy Choudhury Professor Asok De Head of Department Head of Department Department of Computer Engineering Department of Information Technology Delhi College of Engineering Delhi College of Engineering Delhi Delhi 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a great pleasure to have the opportunity to extent my heartiest felt gratitude to everybody who helped me throughout the course of this project. I would like to express my heartiest felt regards to Dr. Asok De, Head of the Department, Department of Information Technology for the constant motivation and support during the duration of this project. It is my privilege and owner to have worked under the supervision. His invaluable guidance and helpful discussions in every stage of this thesis really helped me in materializing this project. It is indeed difficult to put his contribution in few words. I would also like to take this opportunity to present my most sincere regards to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Microkernel Construction Introduction
    Microkernel Construction Introduction Nils Asmussen 04/09/2020 1 / 32 Normal Organization Thursday, 4th DS, 2 SWS Slides: www.tudos.org ! Studies ! Lectures ! MKC Subscribe to our mailing list: www.tudos.org/mailman/listinfo/mkc2020 In winter term: Microkernel-based operating systems (MOS) Various labs 2 / 32 Organization due to COVID-19 Slides and video recordings of lectures will be published Questions can be asked on the mailing list Subscribe to the mailing list! Practical exercises are planed for the end of the semester Depending on how COVID-19 continues, exercises are in person or we use some video-conferencing tool 3 / 32 Goals 1 Provide deeper understanding of OS mechanisms 2 Look at the implementation details of microkernels 3 Make you become enthusiastic microkernel hackers 4 Propaganda for OS research done at TU Dresden and Barkhausen Institut 4 / 32 Outline Organization Monolithic vs. Microkernel Kernel design comparison Examples for microkernel-based systems Vision vs. Reality Challenges Overview About L4/NOVA 5 / 32 Monolithic Kernel System Design u s Application Application Application e r k Kernel e r File Network n e Systems Stacks l m Memory Process o Drivers Management Management d e Hardware 6 / 32 Monolithic Kernel OS (Propaganda) System components run in privileged mode No protection between system components Faulty driver can crash the whole system Malicious app could exploit bug in faulty driver More than 2=3 of today's OS code are drivers No need for good system design Direct access to data structures Undocumented
    [Show full text]
  • Virtualization Technologies Overview Course: CS 490 by Mendel
    Virtualization technologies overview Course: CS 490 by Mendel Rosenblum Name Can boot USB GUI Live 3D Snaps Live an OS on mem acceleration hot of migration another ory runnin disk alloc g partition ation system as guest Bochs partially partially Yes No Container s Cooperati Yes[1] Yes No No ve Linux (supporte d through X11 over networkin g) Denali DOSBox Partial (the Yes No No host OS can provide DOSBox services with USB devices) DOSEMU No No No FreeVPS GXemul No No Hercules Hyper-V iCore Yes Yes No Yes No Virtual Accounts Imperas Yes Yes Yes Yes OVP (Eclipse) Tools Integrity Yes No Yes Yes No Yes (HP-UX Virtual (Integrity guests only, Machines Virtual Linux and Machine Windows 2K3 Manager in near future) (add-on) Jail No Yes partially Yes No No No KVM Yes [3] Yes Yes [4] Yes Supported Yes [5] with VMGL [6] Linux- VServer LynxSec ure Mac-on- Yes Yes No No Linux Mac-on- No No Mac OpenVZ Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes (using Xvnc and/or XDMCP) Oracle Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes VM (manage d by Oracle VM Manager) OVPsim Yes Yes Yes Yes (Eclipse) Padded Yes Yes Yes Cell for x86 (Green Hills Software) Padded Yes Yes Yes No Cell for PowerPC (Green Hills Software) Parallels Yes, if Boot Yes Yes Yes DirectX 9 Desktop Camp is and for Mac installed OpenGL 2.0 Parallels No Yes Yes No partially Workstati on PearPC POWER Yes Yes No Yes No Yes (on Hypervis POWER 6- or (PHYP) based systems, requires PowerVM Enterprise Licensing) QEMU Yes Yes Yes [4] Some code Yes done [7]; Also supported with VMGL [6] QEMU w/ Yes Yes Yes Some code Yes kqemu done [7]; Also module supported
    [Show full text]
  • Can Microkernels Mitigate Microarchitectural Attacks?⋆
    Can Microkernels Mitigate Microarchitectural Attacks?? Gunnar Grimsdal1, Patrik Lundgren2, Christian Vestlund3, Felipe Boeira1, and Mikael Asplund1[0000−0003−1916−3398] 1 Department of Computer and Information Science, Link¨oping University, Sweden ffelipe.boeira,[email protected] 2 Westermo Network Technologies [email protected] 3 Sectra AB, Link¨oping,Sweden Abstract. Microarchitectural attacks such as Meltdown and Spectre have attracted much attention recently. In this paper we study how effec- tive these attacks are on the Genode microkernel framework using three different kernels, Okl4, Nova, and Linux. We try to answer the question whether the strict process separation provided by Genode combined with security-oriented kernels such as Okl4 and Nova can mitigate microar- chitectural attacks. We evaluate the attack effectiveness by measuring the throughput of data transfer that violates the security properties of the system. Our results show that the underlying side-channel attack Flush+Reload used in both Meltdown and Spectre, is effective on all in- vestigated platforms. We were also able to achieve high throughput using the Spectre attack, but we were not able to show any effective Meltdown attack on Okl4 or Nova. Keywords: Genode, Meltdown, Spectre, Flush+Reload, Okl4, Nova 1 Introduction It used to be the case that general-purpose operating systems were mostly found in desktop computers and servers. However, as IoT devices are becoming in- creasingly more sophisticated, they tend more and more to require a powerful operating system such as Linux, since otherwise all basic services must be im- plemented and maintained by the device developers. At the same time, security has become a prime concern both in IoT and in the cloud domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Operating System Support for Run-Time Security with a Trusted Execution Environment
    Operating System Support for Run-Time Security with a Trusted Execution Environment - Usage Control and Trusted Storage for Linux-based Systems - by Javier Gonz´alez Ph.D Thesis IT University of Copenhagen Advisor: Philippe Bonnet Submitted: January 31, 2015 Last Revision: May 30, 2015 ITU DS-nummer: D-2015-107 ISSN: 1602-3536 ISBN: 978-87-7949-302-5 1 Contents Preface8 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Context....................................... 10 1.2 Problem....................................... 12 1.3 Approach...................................... 14 1.4 Contribution.................................... 15 1.5 Thesis Structure.................................. 16 I State of the Art 18 2 Trusted Execution Environments 20 2.1 Smart Cards.................................... 21 2.1.1 Secure Element............................... 23 2.2 Trusted Platform Module (TPM)......................... 23 2.3 Intel Security Extensions.............................. 26 2.3.1 Intel TXT.................................. 26 2.3.2 Intel SGX.................................. 27 2.4 ARM TrustZone.................................. 29 2.5 Other Techniques.................................. 32 2.5.1 Hardware Replication........................... 32 2.5.2 Hardware Virtualization.......................... 33 2.5.3 Only Software............................... 33 2.6 Discussion...................................... 33 3 Run-Time Security 36 3.1 Access and Usage Control............................. 36 3.2 Data Protection................................... 39 3.3 Reference
    [Show full text]
  • Installing Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 for Motorola 680X0 Bruce Perens Sven Rudolph Igor Grobman James Treacy Adam Di Carlo
    Installing Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 For Motorola 680x0 Bruce Perens Sven Rudolph Igor Grobman James Treacy Adam Di Carlo version 2.2.27, 14 October, 2001 Abstract This document contains installation instructions for the Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 system, for the Motorola 680x0 (“m68k”) architecture. It also contains pointers to more information and informa- tion on how to make the most of your new Debian system. The procedures in this document are not to be used for users upgrading existing systems; if you are upgrading, see the Release Notes for Debian 2.2 (http://www.debian.org/releases/2.2/m68k/release-notes/). Copyright Notice This document may be distributed and modified under the terms of the GNU General Public License. © 1996 Bruce Perens © 1996, 1997 Sven Rudolph © 1998 Igor Grobman, James Treacy © 1998–2001 Adam Di Carlo This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. A copy of the GNU General Public License is available as /usr/doc/copyright/GPL in the Debian GNU/Linux distribution or on the World Wide Web at the GNU website (http://www. gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html). You can also obtain it by writing to the Free Software Foun- dation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Architectures an Overview
    Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements.
    [Show full text]