Navigation on the Upper Potomac and Its Tributaries Published online by WHILBR – Western Maryland Regional Library WHILBR 101 Tandy Drive Hagerstown, MD 21740. 301-739-3250 email:
[email protected] http://www.whilbr.org/ © Dan Guzy 2011 This book is in copyright. No republication of any text or graphics may be made without permission of the author, Dan Guzy (e-mail:
[email protected]). Title page photo: The sluice at House Falls, on the Potomac River, five miles upstream from the mouth of the Shenandoah River. John Semple built a navigational sluice here in 1769 to enable transport of pig iron from his Keep Triste Furnace to the forge at Antietam Creek. The Potomac Company later maintained and likely improved the sluice as part of its overall river navigation system. The House Falls sluice is among the oldest river navigational structures still in use in the United States, if not indeed the oldest. Except as noted, all photographs and graphics in this book were made by the author, Dan Guzy. ii Navigation on the Upper Potomac and Its Tributaries Contents i Title page v Foreword vi Acknowledgements Chapters: 1 Colonial Navigational Schemes 9 The Potomac Company and Potomac River Surveys 22 Canals, Locks, Sluices and Fish Weirs 27 Boats, Cargos and Tolls 38 The North Branch 44 Between the South Branch and the Shenandoah River 53 Tributaries and the South Branch 69 Between the Shenandoah River and Tidewater 87 Conclusion Appendices: 90 I. Report of Thomas Moore’s 1820 Potomac River Survey 96 II. Potomac Navigation as Described in the Joint Commissioners’ Report of their 1822 Survey 107 III.