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Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity SMITHIANA Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity Bulletin 1 January 2003 A Review of the Cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Rea Sea Ofer Gon and John E. Randall Published by the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity Margaret Mary Smith (1916 - 1987), James Leonard Brierley Smith (1897 - 1968) with their dog, Marlin The publication series (Monographs, Bulletins & Special Publications) of the SAIAB (formerly the JLB Smith Insitute of Ichthyology), in its new format honors James Leonard Brierley Smith and Margaret Mary Smith with the name Smithiana, in rec- ognition of their many years of devoted service to African aquatic biology. Their life’s work, a team effort, established modern ichthyology in southern Africa and laid the groundwork for the expansion of aquatic biology throughout the region. © 2002, The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa Front cover photograph: Scales of a preserved coelacanth specimen by James Stapley. © James Stapley, 2002 A Review of the Cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Rea Sea Ofer Gon1 & John E. Randall2 ABSTRACT Twelve genera and 54 species of cardinalfishes are reported from the Red Sea. The Red Sea cardinalfishes include: Apogon annularis Rüppell, A. apogonides (Bleeker), Apogon bryx Fraser, A. campbelli Smith, A. coccineus Rüppell, A. cookii Macleay, A. cyanosoma Bleeker, A. erythrosoma n. sp., A. exostigma (Jordan & Starks), A. fleurieu (LacepPde), A. fraenatus Valenciennes, A. guamensis Valenciennes, A. gularis Fraser & Lachner, A. heptastygma Cuvier, A. isus Randall & Böhlke, A. kallopterus Bleeker, A. leptacanthus Bleeker, A. multitaeniatus Cuvier, A. nigrofasciatus Lachner, A. pharaonis Bellotti, A. pselion Randall, Fraser & Lachner, A. pseudotaeniatus Gon, A. quadrifasciatus Cuvier, A. queketti Gilchrist, A. semiornatus Peters, A. smithi (Kotthaus), A. spilurus Regan, A. taeniatus Cuvier, A. talboti Smith, A. timorensis Bleeker, A. zebrinus Fraser, Randall & Lachner, Apogonichthys perdix Bleeker, Archamia bilineata Gon & Randall, Archamia fucata (Cantor), Archamia lineolata (Cuvier), Cercamia eremia (Allen), Cheilodipterus lachneri Klausewitz, C. lineatus (ForsskDl), C. macrodon LacepPde, C. novemstriatus (Rüppell), C. pygmaios Gon, C. quinquelineatus Cuvier, Foa fo Jordan & Seale, Fowleria aurita (Valenciennes), F. marmorata (Alleyne & Macleay), F. vaiulae (Jordan & Seale), F. variegata (Valenciennes), Neamia octospina Smith & Radcliffe, Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, Rhabdamia cypselura Weber, R. nigrimentum (Smith), R. spilota Allen & Kuiter, Siphamia permutata Klausewitz, and Sphaeramia orbicularis (Cuvier). Twelve (22%) of the apogonid species are endemic. Seven species, i.e. Apogon apogonides, A. campbelli, A. erythrosoma, A. talboti, Foa fo, Rhabdamia spilota and Sphaeramia orbicularis, are new to the Red Sea. Apogon coccineus of previous authors is a complex of three species, including campbelli Smith and erythrosoma n. sp. The dark-striped species of Apogon of the Red Sea previously identified as angustatus, endekataenia, fasciatus, or novemfasciatus are cookii and nigrofasciatus. Red Sea apogonids identified by previous authors as Apogon bandanensis, monochrous, nubilus and savayensis, are guamensis and zebrinus. Apogon micromaculatus Kotthaus is A. spilurus Regan. The specimen of Apogon kiensis reported by Smith (1961) from the Red Sea is A. bryx, recently described from the Philippines. In the genus Fowleria, polystigma (Bleeker) and punctulata (Rüppell) are junior synonyms of variegata (Valenciennes). F. abocellata Goren & Karplus is a junior synonym of vaiulae (Jordan & Seale), and isostigma (Jordan & Seale) does not occur in the Red Sea. Apogon cupreus and A. latus, both of Cuvier, are unidentifiable. A. hyalosoma and A. taeniophorus are doubtful records. 1 South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown, 6140 South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St., Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] A Review of the Cardinalfishes (Perciformes: Apogonidae) of the Rea Sea Ofer Gon & John E. Randall INTRODUCTION (Klausewitz, 1959), were described in the 1950s. Smith (1961) described Rhabdamia nigrimentum from fish The first apogonid to be reported from the Red Sea, collected in Eritrea. In 1962 the Israel South Red Sea a species of Cheilodipterus, was described by Peter Expedition made collections at the Dahlak Archipelago. ForsskDl (1775). It was one of 146 species comprising Some apogonids obtained during this expedition were the earliest known collection of Red Sea fishes, made sent to J.L.B. Smith in South Africa, resulting in the by members of a Danish expedition, the Arabiske Rejse, description of Apogon spongicolus (Smith, 1965). in 1762-63 (Klausewitz 1964). In the 19th century, Red Smith (1961) did the last review of Red Sea Sea exploration was dominated by German naturalists cardinalfishes, including 27 species. From the 1960s to who made significant collections. Christian G. the present, ichthyologists using SCUBA and rotenone Ehrenberg and Friedrich W. Hemprich of the German steadily increased the number of apogonid species from Academy of Sciences, Berlin, collected over 500 species the region. Ben-Tuvia (1976) reported 36 species of the of fishes during 1820-1826 (Klausewitz 1964), including family in the collection of the Hebrew University, six new cardinalfishes which were placed by Cuvier Jerusalem. Randall (1983) estimated “over 35 species”, (1828) in the genus Apogon (i.e. cupreus, latus, and Dor (1984) recorded 41 species of apogonids in his multitaeniatus, taeniatus, heptastygma, and lineolatus). Checklist of Fishes of the Red Sea. In the decade that Eduard Rüppell of the Senckenberg Society of Natural followed Dor’s work, the number of species increased History, Frankfurt, went on two expeditions to the Red to 51, making the Apogonidae the third largest of 157 Sea region (1822 and 1831-33) and described the fishes families of Red Sea fishes (Goren & Dor, 1994). he collected in two series of well-illustrated publications In the present paper we report seven species (Rüppell 1828-30; 1835-38). Of the eight species of previously unknown from the Red Sea, resurrect one Apogon listed in these series, six were described as new species previously included in the synonymy of Apogon (i.e. annularis in 1829; novemstriatus, bifasciatus, coccineus and describe a new species in the coccineus enneastigma, punctulatus and coccineus in 1838). species group, thus bringing the total of apogonid The next naturalist to work in the Red Sea was Carl species in the Red Sea to 54. Twelve (22%) of these B. Klunzinger, a German doctor who lived in the small species are considered endemic to the sea, although Egyptian town of Quseir during 1864-69 and 1873-76. some of these may eventually be found in the western In the interim between Rüppell (1838) and Klunzinger’s Indian Ocean. (1870) synopsis of Red Sea fishes, numerous new apogonid species were described from elsewhere in the MATERIALS AND METHODS Indo-Pacific region, particularly by the Dutch naturalist Pieter Bleeker. Consequently, Klunzinger (1870) was Acronyms of the following institutions are used in the able to identify several apogonids not found by his text: Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS); Academy of predecessors, and he increased the number of Red Sea Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP); Museum of species to 15. Klunzinger (1884) found two undescribed Natural History, London (BMNH); Bernice P. Bishop apogonids in the Zoological Museum, Berlin, that had Museum, Honolulu (BPBM); California Academy of been collected by Ehrenberg and named them Apogon Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); Hebrew University, igneus and A. sphenurus. Jerusalem (HUJ); Museum of Comparative Zoology, The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 made the Red Harvard University (MCZ); Muséum National Sea easily accessible for ship-based European scientists d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN); Museo Civico di and naturalists. Consequently, numerous expeditions, Storia Naturale, Milano (MSNM); Lembaga Oseanologi particularly by Germans and Italians, collected fishes Nasional, Jakarta (NCIP); Naturhistorisches Museum, there (Klausewitz 1964). A survey of published results Vienna (NMW); Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM); of these later efforts shows that 1-4 apogonid species Nationaal Natuurhistorische Museum, Leiden were collected per expedition, and only two new species (RMNH); J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, were described: Apogon pharaonis Bellotti, 1874, and A. Grahamstown (RUSI); South African Museum, Cape suezii Sauvage, 1883. Town (SAM); Natur-Museum und Forschungsinstitut SCUBA diving for scientific research in this area was Senckenberg, Frankfurt (SMF); Staatliches Museum für probably first used by J.-Y. Cousteau’s Calypso Naturkunde, Stuttgart (SMNS); Tel-Aviv University, expedition in 1951-52. Dynamite was used for fish Ramat-Aviv (TAU); U.S. National Museum of Natural collecting, and of the six apogonid species collected, History, Washington D.C. (USNM); Western Australian Apogon infuscus was described as new (Roux-EstPve and Museum, Perth (WAM); Zoological Museum, Fourmanoir, 1955). Two other species, i.e. Apogon Amsterdam (ZMA); Museum für Naturkunde, erdmani (Lachner, 1951) and Cheilodipterus lachneri Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (ZMB); Zoological 1 Institute and Museum, University of Hamburg (ZMH); The size of the smallest mature specimens is based on Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen
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