Language and Power
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Enotes.Com Inc
1984 by George Orwell Copyright Notice ©2011 eNotes.com Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. All or part of the content in these eNotes comes from MAXnotes® for 1984, and is copyrighted by Research and Education Association (REA). No part of this content may be reproduced in any form without the permission of REA. ©1998-2002; ©2002 by Gale Cengage. Gale is a division of Cengage Learning. Gale and Gale Cengage are trademarks used herein under license. For complete copyright information on these eNotes please visit: http://www.enotes.com/1984/copyright eNotes: Table of Contents 1. 1984: Introduction 2. 1984: The Principles of Newspeak 3. 1984: Overview 4. 1984: George Orwell Biography 5. 1984: Summary 6. 1984: Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 1, Chapters 4 and 5 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 1, Chapters 6 and 7 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 1 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 2 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 3 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 6 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 7 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 8 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 9 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 2, Chapter 10 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary and Analysis 1984 1 ♦ Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 3, Chapters 4 and 5 Summary and Analysis ♦ Part 3, Chapter 6 Summary and Analysis 7. -
Art: NEWSPEAK
Communication NEWSPEAK - is not all that new! A couple of years ago, I went along to see Headlong’s 1 stage adaptation of George Orwell’s masterpiece ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ (at the Melbourne Festival); which started me thinking………. The way words shape people’s thinking can be very powerful. This power can be used for both good and bad and is an important element in effective communication. Oratory and rhetoric are generally seen as positive motivational and persuasive skills; propaganda as the ‘flip side’ focused on misleading and creating ‘false truths’. The question is, can project professionals learn to use these skills to enhance their stakeholder engagement activities; and is this ethical? My feeling is that the ability to persuade stakeholders to help you be successful is a positive skill and is ethical provided the skill is used for the greater good. Therefore, we can learn from the black arts of propaganda showcased in 1984 and turn them into assets to enhance our communication and stakeholder engagement activities; but only as long as the ‘dark side’ of this powerful capability is understood and avoided as well. Orwell is famous for two novels, Animal Farm published in 1945 and Nineteen Eighty-Four published in 1949. Both were focused on the evil of totalitarian regimes, but 1984 goes beyond politics to look at the process of manipulating the way people think, or more precisely, how to use language to stop people thinking. Paradoxically, ‘The Principles of Newspeak’ are defined in an appendix to 1984 (and therefore few people read it), but reading the appendix reframes the whole book 2. -
Newspeak’ in Polish Translations of British and American Press Articles Under Communist Rule
Research in Language, 2017, vol. 15:1 DOI: 10.1515/rela-2017-0003 PRINCIPLES OF ‘NEWSPEAK’ IN POLISH TRANSLATIONS OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN PRESS ARTICLES UNDER COMMUNIST RULE EDYTA ŹRAŁKA University of Silesia [email protected] Abstract The paper analyses selected Polish translations of British and American press articles published in the magazine Forum in the years 1965 – 1989. In communist Poland, all such texts were censored before publication, which forced the translators to avoid content and language that could be banned by censors and to adopt a specific style of expression known as Newspeak. The paper lists the linguistic phenomena in the target language that represent features typical of Newspeak and identifies manipulative procedures which led to their occurrence, using a corpus of 25 English texts and their Polish translations. Keywords: translation, manipulation, Newspeak, censorship, communist Poland 1. Introduction When the topic of Newspeak is raised in the context of the Polish language of speeches, slogans and publications of the communist times, what primarily comes to mind is ideological texts promoted in the mass media, praising the communist rule and socialist model of society. We normally ascribe the features of Newspeak to texts written in order to promote the communist authorities and their system of ruling by the followers of the system or according to imposed requirements, but in either case by authors living under the communist rule. We rarely realize that the language of Newspeak constituted an established system that had a considerable impact on the commonly used language, not only in texts originally written by authors who were following the requirements of the communist rule to allow publication of their works, but also – through translation – on contents coming from abroad and originally written by authors who had totally different attitudes and used a neutral, not ideologically- motivated, language. -
Doublespeak? Sustainability in the Arctic—A Text Mining Analysis of Norwegian Parliamentary Speeches
sustainability Article Doublespeak? Sustainability in the Arctic—A Text Mining Analysis of Norwegian Parliamentary Speeches Mikko Moilanen * and Stein Østbye School of Business and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This paper contributes to the recent literature on sustainability in the Arctic as a political concept. Parliamentary proceedings have increasingly been recognized as an important source of information for eliciting political issues. In this paper, we use unsupervised text mining techniques to analyze parliamentary speeches for Norway from the period from 2009 to 2016 to answer whether political coalitions talk differently about sustainability in the Arctic depending on being in opposition or government. We find that the difference between being in government and opposition, controlling for political label (left-right), is far more important than the difference between left and right, con- trolling for role (opposition-government). The results suggest that in the trade-off between political preferences and election success, the balance is tilted in favour of the latter. Our interpretation is that opportunistic behavior seems to dominate partisan behavior in the politics related to sustainability in the Arctic. Keywords: text mining: sustainability; arctic; partisan theory Citation: Moilanen, M.; Østbye, S. Doublespeak? Sustainability in the 1. Introduction Arctic—A Text Mining Analysis of Do political parties talk differently about sustainability in the Arctic and differently Norwegian Parliamentary Speeches. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9397. https:// depending on being in opposition or government? In this paper we throw some light doi.org/10.3390/su13169397 on these questions using text-based quantitative analysis of parliamentary speeches for Norway from the period 2009 to 2016. -
Nineteen Eighty-Four
MGiordano Lingua Inglese II Nineteen Eighty-Four Adapted from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by George Orwell published in 1949. The novel is set in Airstrip One (formerly known as Great Britain), a province of the superstate Oceania in a world of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, and public manipulation, dictated by a political system euphemistically named English Socialism (or Ingsoc in the government's invented language, Newspeak) under the control of a privileged Inner Party elite that persecutes all individualism and independent thinking as "thoughtcrimes". The tyranny is epitomised by Big Brother, the quasi-divine Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of personality, but who may not even exist. The Party "seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power." The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party who works for the Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue), which is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism. His job is to rewrite past newspaper articles so that the historical record always supports the current party line. Smith is a diligent and skillful worker, but he secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. As literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot, and style. Many of its terms and concepts, such as Big Brother, doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak, Room 101, Telescreen, 2 + 2 = 5, and memory hole, have entered everyday use since its publication in 1949. -
Year 8 English Extract Pack
Year 8 English Extract Pack Extract 1- for Task 1 George Orwell George Orwell was the pen name of a man called Eric Blair. A pen name is a name used by a writer instead of their own name. Even though his real name was Eric Blair, he is known as his pen name, George Orwell. Early Life George Orwell was born in India in 1903. At the time, India was still one of Britain’s colonies. You may remember from The Tempest that a colony is a country that is controlled by a different country. At the time, India was a British colony, so many British people lived and worked in India. Orwell’s father worked as a civil servant in India. Even though he was helping to run India, he was employed by the British government as India was a part of the British Empire. When he was one, Orwell moved back to live in England with his mother. He did not see his father again until 1912, as his father had to stay in India for work. The young Orwell was very intelligent. He went to exclusive boarding schools as he was growing up. He only had to pay half the fees for his education because he was so smart. At these exclusive schools, Orwell spent a lot of time around the richest people in the country. But when he read the newspapers he saw that the majority of people around the world were not rich. He wanted to find out more about these people and their lives. -
Social Justice Sampler
SAA SAAMPLER SAA SAASAMPLER MPLER LAWSOCIAL & ETHICS LAW & LAW & 6” 11/16” LAW6” JU &S TICE6” ETHICS.78” 6” PRIVACY & CONFIDENTIALITY PERSPECTIVES MPLER “ Today, legal issues are pervading archival administration more intensively and in more areas ETHICS ETHICS than ever before. Fortunately, a superb new manual, Navigating Legal Issues in Archives, “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives brings together a diverse selection of thoughtful and provocative essays that explore the legal, ethical, written by Menzi Behrnd-Klodt and published by the Society of American Archivists, is now administrative, and institutional considerations that shape archival available to guide archivists in facing such problems. While its predecessor, Archives and debates concerning the administration of access to records containing Manuscripts: Law, by Gary and Trudy Peterson, served the last generation well, the current personal information. It is essential reading for archivists, records impact of the law on archives has changed in both detail and extent. The coverage of this new managers, archival educators and students who wish to gain a deeper under-standing of this difficult archival issue—and it is bound to stimu- book reflects these changes well—its presentation is clear, thorough, and well-documented. late broader reflection and debate.” 9” The organization, index, and notes make the book easy to use and give assurance to its quality. — Nadine Strossen Its author and publisher are to be commended for an outstanding aid to their profession.” President, American Civil Liberties Union, and ORRIS OHEN Professor of Law, New York Law School – M L. C 9” ARCHIVISTS & ARCHIVAL RECORDS Professor Emeritus of Law, and Librarian (Retired), Yale Law School “Privacy and Confidentiality Perspectives fills a crucial void in the corpus of archival literature. -
Topic Abstract When the Clocks Were Striking Thirteen: 1984
Topic Abstract When the Clocks Were Striking Thirteen: 1984 Non-Traditionals | Washington, D.C. | February 11-14, 2021 A Georgetown International Relations Association, Inc. Conference Dear Delegates and Advisors, Greetings from NAIMUN LVIII! The staff has been working hard to make the conference the most rewarding and educational experience yet, and we are excited to welcome you all to D.C. in February! This document is the topic abstract for When the Clocks Were Striking Thirteen: 1984. It contains three key elements to allow you to prepare well in advance for the committee: topic descriptions, questions to consider, and research avenues. This abstract will give you a better understanding of the committee’s content and procedures, and it can act as a starting point for further research. We hope to be of assistance to you in your preparation for NAIMUN LVIII. If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, please feel free to contact the Secretary- General, Director-General, or your Under-Secretaries-General. You may also contact your dais directly at [email protected]. We look forward to welcoming you to the NAIMUN family! Best, Alexander Chen Sanjna Jain Secretary-General Director-General [email protected] [email protected] Kate Reeves Hellen Kuang Under-Secretary-General, Under-Secretary-General, Non-Traditionals Non-Traditionals [email protected] [email protected] Topic Abstract | naimun.modelun.org | 2 What is a Crisis Committee? Crisis Committees are markedly different from both GAs and ECOSOCs. They tend to focus on specific issues, geographic areas, and historical periods. For example, the Court of Louis XIV, 1665 simulates the peak years of King Louis XIV in power, tackling issues from the international expansion of the French empire to developing domestic institutions. -
The Roles of Telescreen and Thought Police As the Surveillance Media to Sustain Totalitarian Power in George Orwell's Ninetee
THE ROLES OF TELESCREEN AND THOUGHT POLICE AS THE SURVEILLANCE MEDIA TO SUSTAIN TOTALITARIAN POWER IN GEORGE ORWELL’S NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR THESIS BY TRIAN SULAEMAN NIM 0911110269 STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, all praises are raised to Allah SWT for His blessings during the completion of this study. Special appreciation goes to the supervisor, Dyah Eko Hapsari M.Hum., for her supervision and support. Her invaluable help and guidance throughout the research and writing process have contributed to the success of this thesis. Appreciation is also expressed to the co-supervisor, Arcci Tusita, S.S, M. Hum., for her support during the research. Also, I would like to express my gratitude to the academic advisor of mine, Ni Wayan Swardhani M.A and the examiner M. Andhy Nurmansyah, M.Hum. And also thank to the Faculty of Cultural Studies including all lectures, employees, and friends in the class of 2009 of Study Program of English. I would like to thank my parents, Doddy Setya Rusmayadi and Entin Kartini for their endless support. And also, to my siblings, Reza Wibisana, Restu Prayogi, and Devi Agustini Rahayu who always support me to finish this research. Finally yet importantly, I would love to thank to Virda Andini Putri Diponegoro, Yuna Prajipta, Annisa Anindita, Vania Delicia, Ading Pradani, Adeline, Ayub Tobing, Fikri Haikal, Ahmad Haikal who directly and indirectly contributed in this research, your kindness means a lot to me. Malang, January 06, 2014 The Writer v ABSTRACT Sulaeman, Trian. -
Nineteen Eighty-Four
Nineteen Eighty-Four This article is about the Orwell novel. For other uses, see 1984 (disambiguation). Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English author George Orwell pub- lished in 1949.[1][2] The novel is set in Airstrip One (for- merly known as Great Britain), a province of the super- state Oceania in a world of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation, dic- tated by a political system euphemistically named English Socialism (or Ingsoc in the government’s invented lan- guage, Newspeak) under the control of a privileged Inner Party elite, that persecutes individualism and independent thinking as "thoughtcrimes".[3] The tyranny is epitomised by Big Brother, the quasi- divine Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of per- sonality but who may not even exist. The Party “seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power.”[4] The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue), which is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism. His job is to rewrite past newspa- per articles, so that the historical record always supports A 1947 draft manuscript of the first page of Nineteen Eighty- the party line.[5] Smith is a diligent and skillful worker Four, showing the editorial development. but he secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. As literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, his unforgiving novel” in 1944, the implications of divid- Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot ing the world up into Zones of influence that had been con- and style. -
The Long Arm of China: Exporting Authoritarianism with Chinese Characteristics
THE LONG ARM OF CHINA: EXPORTING AUTHORITARIANISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION DECEMBER 13, 2017 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available at www.cecc.gov or www.govinfo.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–385 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:36 Sep 16, 2018 Jkt 081003 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\USERS\DSHERMAN1\DESKTOP\28385 DAVID CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Senate House MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Chairman CHRIS SMITH, New Jersey, Cochairman TOM COTTON, Arkansas ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina STEVE DAINES, Montana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio TODD YOUNG, Indiana TIM WALZ, Minnesota DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TED LIEU, California JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon GARY PETERS, Michigan ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Not yet appointed ELYSE B. ANDERSON, Staff Director PAUL B. PROTIC, Deputy Staff Director (ii) VerDate Nov 24 2008 15:36 Sep 16, 2018 Jkt 081003 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\USERS\DSHERMAN1\DESKTOP\28385 DAVID C O N T E N T S STATEMENTS Page Opening Statement of Hon. Marco Rubio, a U.S. Senator from Florida; Chair- man, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ...................................... 1 Kalathil, Shanthi, Director of the International Forum for Democratic Studies at the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) ........................................... 4 Tiffert, Glenn, Ph.D., an expert in modern Chinese legal history and a visiting fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution ........................................... 6 Richardson, Sophie, Ph.D., Director of China Research at Human Rights Watch ................................................................................................................... -
Narrative Viewpoint and the Representation of Power in George Orwell’S Nineteen Eighty-Four
Narrative viewpoint and the representation of power in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four BRIGID ROONEY This essay considers how ‘perspective’ and ‘choice of language’ in George Orwell’s novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four, position the reader and contribute to the text’s representation of power, powerplay and people power.1 The aims of this essay can be restated in the form of two key questions. What specific features of the narrative in Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four construct the text’s representation of power, and of powerplay? How do those features position the responder to think and feel about political power and about whether there can be people power? Questions of medium, textual form, and genre It is important to distinguish, at the outset, between ‘narrative’, as a general term for story or the telling of story, and ‘the novel’, as a particular medium or form of narrative. Narratives are everywhere in culture. Not only are they integral to novels but they also permeate films, news reports, and even the everyday stories we use to make sense of life. Narratives always position the listener, reader, or responder in particular ways, expressing partial truths, and creating or constructing certain views of reality while minimizing or excluding others. The novel, on the other hand, is a specific textual form that developed, in the medium of print, during the last three hundred years or so in European societies. Not all cultures and societies have given rise to ‘novels’, though all have told stories, in visual, oral, or written forms. The European novel’s popularity peaked in the nineteenth century.