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Efecto De La Estructura Del Paisaje En La Polilla Del Olivo De “Prays Oleae (Lepidoptera: Praydidae)”

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Efecto De La Estructura Del Paisaje En La Polilla Del Olivo De “Prays Oleae (Lepidoptera: Praydidae)” Efecto de la estructura del paisaje en la polilla del olivo de “Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Praydidae)” Damián Mauricio Sáenz Posada Tutores: Susana Pascual Marta Ortega Javier Gutiérrez Puebla Máster en Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica Universidad Complutense de Madrid Junio 2013 Efecto de la estructura del paisaje en la polilla del olivo de “Prays oleae (Lepidoptera: Praydidae)” Damián Mauricio Sáenz Posada1 Tutores: Susana Pascual2 Marta Ortega3 Javier Gutiérrez Puebla4 Trabajo realizado en el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) para optar al título de M.Sc. en Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica (TIG). Máster en Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica Universidad Complutense de Madrid Junio 2013 1 Ingeniero de Montes. M.Sc. Gestión Ambiental en la Empresa. (Estudiante de M.Sc. TIG) 2 Departamento de Protección Forestal. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria. 3 Departamento de Ecología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 4 Departamento de Geografía Humana. Facultad de Geografía en historia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Efecto de la estructura del paisaje en la población de “Prays oleae”. Tabla de contenido 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................... 6 2. OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Objetivo General .................................................................................................................... 10 2.2. Objetivos específicos ........................................................................................................... 10 3. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ..................................................................................... 11 3.1. Área de estudio....................................................................................................................... 11 3.2. Material Cartográfico (SIOSE, PNOA, SIGPAC) ........................................................ 12 3.3. Información biológica (RAIF) .......................................................................................... 13 3.4. Caracterización de la estructura del paisaje en la zona de estudio .............. 16 3.4.1. Elaboración de la capa base .................................................................................... 16 3.4.2. Análisis espacial e índices de composición y configuración del paisaje 21 3.5. Análisis estadístico ............................................................................................................... 23 4. RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................. 26 4.1. Análisis de la curva de vuelo y daños de P. oleae. .................................................. 26 4.2. Análisis de correlación entre los índices de paisaje y los parámetros de población y daño del P. oleae. ....................................................................................................... 28 4.2.1. Índice de diversidad de Shannon (SDI) ............................................................. 28 4.2.2. Índice de forma (MSI) ................................................................................................ 32 4.2.3. Índice de borde (TE)................................................................................................... 36 5. DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................................................. 42 6. CONCLUSIONES Y FUTURAS LÍNEAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN .............................. 45 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................................. 47 ANEXOS .............................................................................................................................. 50 2 Efecto de la estructura del paisaje en la población de “Prays oleae”. Índice de Tablas y Figuras Tablas Tabla 1: Cantidad de puntos de control empleados según los distintos radios de influencia. .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Tabla 2: Número de muestras por variable que contuvieron un mínimo de 10 datos por semana. ................................................................................................................................... 26 Tabla 3: Correlación entre el índice de diversidad de Shannon (SDI) y la población de P. oleae (número de adultos capturados por trampa y día) a lo largo de los tres años de estudio. Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). .................................................................................... 29 Tabla 4: Correlación entre el índice de diversidad de Shannon (SDI) y los daños de la generación filófaga del P. oleae (hojas atacadas). Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Se observan dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. ....................................................................................................... 30 Tabla 5: Correlación entre el índice de diversidad de Shannon (SDI) y los daños de la generación antófaga del P. oleae (flores atacadas). Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Se observan dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. ....................................................................................................... 31 Tabla 6: Correlación entre el índice de diversidad de Shannon (SDI) y los daños causados por la generación carpófaga (frutos atacados). ) Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Se presentaron dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. ...................................................................................... 32 Tabla 7: Correlación entre el índice de forma media (MSI) y la población de P. oleae (número de adultos capturados por trampa y día) a lo largo de los tres años de estudio. Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (P). Se observan dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. .................... 33 Tabla 8: Correlación entre el índice de forma media (MSI) y el daño de la generación filófaga. (Hojas atacadas). Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de 3 Efecto de la estructura del paisaje en la población de “Prays oleae”. Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Los niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. ................................................................................................................................................... 35 Tabla 9: Correlación entre el índice de forma media (MSI) y los daños causados por la generación antófaga (flores atacadas). Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Se ilustraron dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. ....................................................................................................... 35 Tabla 10: Correlación entre el índice de forma media (MSI) y los daños causados por la generación carpófaga (frutos atacados). Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Se presentan dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. ....................................................................................................... 36 Tabla 11: Correlación el índice de longitud de borde (TE) y la población de P. oleae (número de adultos capturados por trampa y día) a lo largo de los tres años de estudio. Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). La tabla presenta dos niveles de significación estadística, p=0,05 (resaltado en rojo) y p=0,1 (resaltado en violeta). Las siglas SDC significan que no se cumplió el criterio de mínimo 10 datos semanales. .................... 38 Tabla 12: Correlación entre el índice de longitud de bordes (TE) y daños de la generación filófaga (hojas atacadas). Los datos son el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r) y la significación estadística de la misma (p). Se observó dos niveles de significación estadística,
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