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~. m. ~i, "'",Cf~ Slm"fiflfi "' .. 1 f~ ar;rtTVr.lT ""~ sr~ 1981 CENSUS-PUBLICATION! PLAN ~ p'
(/981 Census Publications, Series 11 in All India Series will be published in the following paru)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS
Part I-A Ad ministration Re po rt~ Enumera tion
Part I-B Administration Report-Tabulation
Part II~A General Population Tables
Part II-B Primary Census Abstract
Part III General Ecor.omic Tables
Part IV Social and Cultural Tables
Part V Migration Tables
Part VI Fertility Tables
Part VII T'ables on Houses and Disabled Population
P.lrt VIII Hmlsehold Tables
Part IX Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Part X-A Town Directory
Part X-B Survey Reports OJ} selected Towns
Part x-C Survey Re pO,rts on selec ted V iUages \ ::-
Part Xl Ethlilographic Notes and special studies On Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Paft XII • Census Atlas
Paper 1 of 1982 Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
Paper 1 of 1984 Household Population by Religion of Head of Household
STATE GOVERNME NT PUBLICATIONS
Part XIll-A&~ District Census Hand book for each of the 45 districts in the State. (Village and Town Directory and Primary Censul Abstract) CONTENTS I{"O Pages
Foreword i-iv
Preface v-vi
Djstrict Map vii
Important Statistics vii
Analytical Note ix-xxxiv
(llfTlSlfTcli Tahsi] Maps A lphabetical List of Vil1age 1-61 (i) ~-.:W ('j'~m~ 1-9 (ji) ef'?r ~~m 9-14 ( iii) ~TlTt ('j'~~T~ 14-21 (iv) ~~m ~~T~ 22-31 (i) Khurai Tahsil 32-39 (ii) Banda Tahsil 39-44 (iii) Sagar Tahsil 44-52 (iv) Rehli Tahsil 5"!-61 7 ~l'T1Jf.,T ~T sn~f~lf> ~n:';~ PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 62-199 mfl<: f,,~ 'fiT ~l~hT Sagar District Abstract 62-69 (i) ~<:,g: ('j'~~ft~ (~r~Tor Khurai Tahsil (Rural) 70-97 ( APPENDIX-Urban primary 200-227 Census Abstract Primary Census Abstract of 228-235 Scheduled Castes Primary Census A bstract of 236-243 Sch.d uled Tribes APPBNDIX-Development Blockwise Primary Census Abstract 244-247 ~;rr ~~oo:r n~T ,{T~lJ ~ \ifiilTlIT'iT m~flTfllt I >rTmlT~ :jJ'IifllTiiT ij'T<:: q<: ~mTTf~a ~~ fCf!l~q-11fT~1iiif> f~qli ffi~ ~r111 if; "TIt it ~T(.f:r '~T~ ITIt ~ I i'JlTt f'l'~fllT'¥iT ~ It'¥i Ji~~er'luf fceq-I1fT ~T rrf ~ fJftrif ferf'll;:'I' {i'J~ mf~fllflTt ~fJ:l!f<:?ff ~ qf~crffi'J ij''IlT ~TaT fcrer<:l1fT if 1981 "fiT :orrrlTlJli'fT fi 'q'ft IT'{ o~f'ffi;YCf qfqlTT if; q'ff~iJi !:f~ 5I''flTU';{ 'tT'ilt ~,if,r<: t{R ~., ;tJ f~~T 'I). q~if;:rT'" 26 ri<:1, 1982 ",no t ~Ttf~'in: FOREWORD The district census handbook (DCH), compiled by the census organisation on behalf of the State governments, is one of the most valuable products of the Census. The DCR is constantly referred to by planners, administrators, academicians and researchers. It is inter-alia used for delimi tation 01 constituencies, formulation of local ltvel and regional plans and as an aid to District administration. The district census handbook is the only publication which provides PrimalY Census Abstract (peA) data upto village level for the rural areas and wardwise for each city or town. It also provides data on infrastructure and amenities in villages and towns etc. The district census handbook series was initiated during the 1951 Census. It contained important census tables and PCA for each village and town of the district. During 1961 Census the scope of the DCR was enlarged and it contained a descriptive account of the district.· administrative statistics, census tables, village and town directory, including PCA. The 1971 DCR ~eries was planned in three parts. Part-A related to village and town directory, Part-B to village and town PCA and Part-C comprised analytical report, administrative statistics, district census tables and certain anal) tical tables based on peA and amenity data in respect of villages. However, in some states it was confined to district census tables and in a few cases altogether given up due to delay in compilation and printing. While designing the format of 1981 DCR series some new features along with the restrllcturing of the formats of village and lown directory have been attempted. At the same time, comparability with the 1971 data has also been kept in view. All the ame!1ities except power supply in the village have been brought together in the village directory with the instruction that in case an amenity is not available in the referrent village the distance in broad ranges from the nearest pla~e where the arnenity is available may be given. The restructuring of the formal of the village directory and incorporating more exhaustive data on infrastructure aspect particularly in relation to amenities and land-use panern is expected to further meet the need of micro level planning for rural areas. It is expected to help not only in local area planning but regul ating the provision of goods and services as well so as to minimise the regional imbalances in the process of development. A few new items of information have also been introduced to meet some of the requirements of the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Such new items of in formation as adult literacy centres, primary health sub-centres, and community heaJth workers in the village have been introduced in the village directory with this objective in mind. The new item on approach to the village is to have an idea about the villages in tbe district which are inaccessible. A new column, "total popUlation and number of households" has been introduced to examine ,be correlation of the amenities with the population and number of households they serve. Addition of two more appendices listing the villages where no amenities are available and according to the proportion of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes popUlation to the total population has also been made witb lhlS view in mind. The forma I s of the town directory have also been modified to meet tbe requirements of the Minimum Needs Programme by providing information on a few new items. A new statement on civic and other amenities in slums in c1ass-I and Class-II towns (Statement IV-A) has been introduced with this objective ir. mind. It is expected that this will help the planners to chalk out programmes on provision of civic amenities for the improvement of SluDlS. The columns On Scheduled Castes and Scbed uled Tribes population in statement IV relating to civic and other amenities and ad ult literacy classes/centres under edu('ational facilities in statement V arc alsO addeJ inter-alia with this iv view. A significant addition is class of town in all the seven statements oftbe town directory. The infrastructure of amenities in urban areas of the country can ,be best analysed by taking the class of towns into consideration. The addition of the columns on civic administration status and population in a few statements also serves this pnrpose. The format of the primary cemus abstr~ct for the viUages and towns has been formulated in the ligh t of changes in the economic and other questions canvassed through'the individ ual slip of 1981 census. In order to avoid delay in publication of 1981 DCH series it has been so designed that Part_;,A of the volume contains village and town directory and Part-B the peA of villages and towns including the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes peA upto Tahsil/Town levels. At tbe beginning of the DCH a d~tailed analytical note supported by a number of inset tables based on PCA and non-census data in relation to the infrafstructure has been introduced to enhance its value. The district and tahsil/police station(C D Block etc. level maps depicting the boundaries and other important features have been inserted at appropriate places, to further enbance the value of the publication. This publication is a joint venture of the State Government and the Census Organisation. The data have been collected and compiled in the State under the direction of Sbri K. C. Dubey, the Director of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh on behalf of the State Government which has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and coordination of this publication was carried out by Shri N. G. Nag. Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) of my office. Dr.8. K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) provided the tecbnical guidance in the preparation of the maps. Data received from ce'llsus Directorates have been scrutinised in the Social Studies Division at the headquarters under the guidance of Shri M. M. Dua, Senior Research Officer. I am thankful to all who have conld buted in the project. P. PADMANABHA REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA New Delhi the 26th April, 1982. PREFACE One of the most important pUblications of the Census are the District Census Handbooks. This publication was begun in this caption since 1951 Census. But prior to this, a similar publication was released in the Census earlier than 1951. That publication was on the title of Village Statistics and it contains only village names and total population thereof. The 1951 Census could, therefore, be said to represent a significant step in the process of making detailed Census statistics available down up to the village level. In fact the District Census Handbook is the most important publication at the Census and is also perhaps the most widely used. Also perhaps this is the only publication used at the micro-level down upto the tahsil and development block. The form of the District Census Handbook has gone considerable change since ]951. This is basicalJy due to the growing demand for more information. For the purpose of convenience as well as with a view of making the basic statistics availa hIe with the data users as early as possible the District Census Handbooks have been split into 2 parts, Part-A contains the Introductory Note on the district and Town/Village Directory. This volume will be found useful to get almost all the non-Census statistics available at one place. Part-B contains the Primary Census Abstract. Ofie of the innovation of the present Census has been in terms of allotment of Location Code numbers to the villages. ]n the earlier Censuses the location code system was such that the villages of a Patwari Circle were found at different serial numbers. Since the Patwari Circle still remains an important administrative unit the location code numbers have been so given in the present Census that it may be possible to locate all the villages of a particular Patwari Circle at One place one below the other. When the planning for the present census was started in 1979 the tahsils were still revivable as an important unit of the administration, the whole planning was, therefore, done taking tahsil as the unit. It was during the course of the census that some requests were informally received for making blo\:kwise data available. Since these requests were received very late and were also received only in an infotma! manner, it has not been possible to disturb the original planning of villages arranged according to the location code numbers taking tahsil as one unit. However, additional exercise has been done and in addition to the tahsil figures blockwise figures have also been indicated. It is hoped that the availability of these blockwise data will enhance the utility of this publication. It is hoped that this handbook will provide the basic statistical support to executive and developmental administration. It is needless to state that the proper implementation of policy depends on the ability of the administration authorities concerned. It may be remembered that the villagewise area figures given in the Primary Census Abstract and the 'village Directory are those based On the village papers while the tahsil totals given in PCA are obtained from the Land Records department, which in many cases exclude forest area. vi The statistics that nre contained in the district census handbooks are tl)e result of a massive and marathon exercise in the compilation and tabulation of volufninous statistics. The compilation of the statistics contained in this volume was carried 01lt by 9 Regional Tabuhtion Offices each under a Regional Deputy Director of Census Operations. These Regional Offices were run with the help of purely temporary staff-roughly about ].500 Tabulators. about 250 Checkers and about 80 Supervisors. I am grateful to my colleagues, the Regional Deputy Directors and those temporary staff for the speed and accuracy in the editing and basic compilation of more than nearly 522 lakh slips and nearly J Jakh of household schedules. The compilation of village directory was taken up at the· headq uarters and . I am equally grateful to the officers and staff who have worked whole heartedly on the job in a collec tive and co-operative venture. It is not possible nor fair to name in this. The maps contained in the handbook have been prepared in the Cartographic Section of my office. However, the analytical note has been prepared by Shri Ram Sil'lgh, Deputy Director of Census Operations. I am thankful to all who have contributed to bring this publication possible. The census organisation is also grateful to the Go vernment of Madhya Pradesh for havirg been so kind as to undertake the rublication of these handbooks and to the Controller. Printing and Stationery, Madbya Pradesh, Bhopal and his staff for the printing arrangements made. The inspiration behind this ambitious venture is that of our indefatigable Registrar General, Shri P. Padmanabha to whom we are all deeply grateful. Our thanks are also due to Shri N. G. Nag, Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) for all the help that we received from him and his section. K. C. DUBEY Director of Cerisus Operations, Madhya Prad esh. Bhopal Janmashtami, 31 Aug. 198~. vii IMPORTANT STATISTIC MADHYA PARDESH Sagar District Populltloa Total Persons 52,178,844 J,323,132 Males 26,886,305 699,570 Femds 25,191,539 623.562 Rural Persons 41,592,3&5 954.527 Males 21,266.321 502.553 Females 20.326, .... 64 451,974 Urban Persons ~0,586,459 368.605 Males 5,619,984 197,017 F(ma,les 4,966,475 171,588 Decennia) Population Growth Rate 1971-81 25.27 24.55 Area (Sq. Kms.) 443.446.04 ~O.252.0 Density of population (Per Sq. Km.) 118 129 Sex-Ratio (Number of Females per 1000 males) 941 891 Literacy Rate Persons 27.87 34.26 Males 39.45 45.98 Females 15.53 21.11 Percentage of tlrb:1O population to tQtaJ popuJatiun 20.29 27.86 Percentage to total population ( j ) Main Workers Persom 38.41 34.75 Males 53.52 51.15 Females 22.35 16.34 (i i ) Marginal Workers Persons 4.52 4.91 Males 0.96 0.98 Females 8.30 9.32 (i ii) Non- Workers Persons 57.01 60.34 Males 45.52 .f7.87 Females 69.35 74· 34 Brea1l:·up of Main workers: ( percentage among main workers) ( i ) Cult ivators Persons 51.96 35.95 Ma·les 2:1.81 41. 84 Females 47.28 15.25 (ii ) AgricultUral Labourers Persons 24.24 18.27 Males 17.81 15.72 Females 40.61 "27 • 20 (iii) HOllseholp Industry Persons 3.52 22.69 Ma:es 3.36 15.46 Females 3.93 48.09 (iv) Other Wo kery Persona 20.~8 23.09 Males 25.02 26.98 Females 8.18 9.46 Percent~ge of Scheduled Caste~ Persons 14.10 20.84 population to total population Males 14.16 20.80 Females 14.04 20.89 Percentage of Schduleu Tribec Persons. 22.97 8.68 population to lotal popula1 ion Males 22.33 8.46 Femai~s 23.66 8.93 Number of occupied resident houses 8.929.190 225,882 Number of villages Total 76,603 2,O~6 inhabited 71,429* 1.874+ IJninhahited :5,1740 212 Number of Towns 327 11 * Includeds 77 inhabited villages \\hich have been treated wllOlly as urban outgrowth of near by city/town o Includedes 58 Uninhabited villages of which Abadl area have been merged in near by city Towrt. +Includcs 6 inhabited villaies whicll have been treated Wholly as urban outgrowth of near by City Town. m~qGf'~"~ fettfvft ANALYTICAL NOTE NOTES AND EXPLANATIONS Tbis note gives tbe meadiDgl and etplanation could be ensured and which would provide basis or terms and concepts used in this handbook. This for analysing of figures and urbanisation in tbe is necessary because, without a proper arasp -of the country •. But it has to be remembered that the meanings of such simple concepts as building,house. urban criterion of 1961 and ] 971 censuses is that household, workers etc., it is not possible to appre the males working in activities such as fishing. ciate the data presented in the handbook. Thus logging, etc. Were treated as engaged in non-agri- one wbo does not know that an unpretentious hut cultural activity and therefore contributed to the in the thick of Bastar forests with unplastered bam 75% criterion in 1961 and 1971 censuses, whereas boo walJs and a thatcb roof and witb space hardly in the 1981 census these activities are treated as on enough for two cots is not a bit less of a building par with cultivation and agricultural labour lor the than the Indian versions or the sky scrapers in one purpose of this criterion. of the metropolitan cities, or that a central jail household as the household of the most pious and Applying the criteria described above, a list of god-fearing citizen in the State. may not be able 327 towns was finalised and it is these 327 town. to appreciate what exactly the figures represent. which are treated as urban areas for the purpose of 1981 census. The additional Secretary to the Govt. Concepts and Dofinitions of India in the Ministry of Home Affairs sent a letter to the Chief Secretaries of tbe State Govern Rural/Urban: ments as back as lOth May, 1979, requesting them It has been the tradition of the Indian Census to ensure that no changes are made in jutisd iction to present the census data for rural and urban areas and boundaries of municipalities and revenue separately. In fact, in all the Censuses through villages, tahsils, sub-divisions and districts during out the world this classification of census data into the period from 1-1-1980 to 30-6-1981. However, rural and urban units is generally recognized. How subsequent to our finalization of rural and urban ever. distinction between rural and urban is not yet frame the State Government in the Local Govern amenable to a single definition which would be ment Department notified many places as notified applicable to all countries. areas and municipalities. Such places have not been treated as towns for the purpose of census and the secretary to Government in the Local Govern The definition of an urban unit at the 1971 ment Department had agreed to this arrangements. Census was as follows - Similarly, the State Government raised the status of (a) All places with a munioipality, corporation I) municipal committees to that of municipal corpo cantonment hoard or notified town area; rations. These new municipal corporations are also treated as municipal committees. (b) All other places which satisfied the follow ing criteria. While d eating with the subject of rural and urban (i) A minimum population of 5,000 : break up mention may be made of the area under (ii) At least 75 per cent of male working the Special Area Df've}opment Authority. The populatil.)n engaged in nOD-agricultural Special Area Development Authority have been pursuits; and constituted under the Madhya Pradesh Nagar Tatha (iii) A density of population of at least Gram Nivesh Adhiniyam. J973 and they enjoy the 400 per sq. km. (1,000 per sq. miles). power to function as a municipality so far as the municipal management of that area is concerned The same criteria is retained at the 1981 census The limits of these Special Areas include large por 80 tbat comparability with tbe previous census tions of rural areas comprising number of villages situated around the core town or village or such 0) it should have a core town of a minimum Special area. For example, Orchha is a SADA population of 50,000, (ii) the contiguous areas area in Tikamgarh district but there is no town in made up of other urban as well as rural administra this area. Similarly, Maianjkband in BaJagbat tive units should have mutual socio-economic links district, Bheraghat in Jabalpur district, Mandav in with the core town and (iii) in all probability this Dhar district and similar other cases are SADA entire area sbould gel fully urbanised in a period of areas but there is no urban area within tbat. The two or three decades. Certain Standard Urban objective of the SADA areas perhaps is to control Areas were determined on this basis in 197 and the future development or these areas in a planned some basic data were presented for 1951, 1961 and manner and that is all. It was, therefore, not con 1971 for such areas and their components. Similar sidered desirable to treat sucb SADA areas at par data have been presented for the Standard Urban with other urban bodies like municipal corpora Areas in 1981 also. The idea is to present basic tions, municipal committees etc., and only that part data for those areas for four to five decades so thal of it is treated as urban which is really ~O. As such the urbanisation process in tbese areas can be in the Korba SADA area only Korba town has been studied. However, there have been minimum changes treated as urban and rest of the area remains in tbe in the constituent units of the Standard Urban rural frame. Areas of 1981 Census as compared to tbose of 1971. but the list of SUA remained unchanged. Urban Agglomeration: Size Class of Towns : Apart from town/city the 1971 concept of The urban areas are classified into 6 classes urban agglomeration is also adopted for the 1981 referred to as towns of Class 1 to VI. The classi census. Very often large railway colonies, university fication is shown below- campuses, port areas, military camps etc. , come up outiidc the statutory limits of the city Or town but Class I towns 100,000 and obove adjoining it. Such areas may not by themselves Class II towns 50,000 to 99,999 qualify to be treated as towns but if they form a Class III towns 20,000 to 49,999 contiguous spread with the town, they are out Class IV towns 10,000 to 19,999 growths of the town and deierve to be treated as Class V towns 5,000 to 9,999 urban. Such towns together with their outgrowths Class VI towns Less than 5,000 have been treated as One urban unit and called 'urban agglomeration'. An urban agglomeration It is customary to treat a town having a popu may constitute ;- lation of 1 lac and above as a city. (a) A city with continuous outgrowth, (the Census House; part of outgrowth being outside the statu A Census House is a building or part of a build tory limits but falling within the bound ing having a separate entrance from the road . aries of the adjoining village or villages); mai~ or common courtyard Or staircase, etc;, used or (b) One town with similar outgrowth or two recognised as a separate unit. It may be occupied Or more adjoining towns with their out or vacant. It may be used for a residential or non growths as in (a) ; residential pUTl'0se or both. Cc) A city and one or more. adjoining towns If a building had a number of fiats or blocks with their outgrowths all of which form a which were independant of one another having continuous spread. separate entrances of their own from the road or a common staircase or a common courtyard leading Standard Urban Area: to a main gate, they have been considered as separate census houses. A new concept of Standard Urban Area intro duced in 1971 census will also be followed for the In some cases, bow ever, it was difficult to 1981 Census. The essential requirements ror the apply the definition strictly. For example, in an constitution of a Standard Urban Area are- urban area, a flat has five rooms, each having direc' " t entrance to the ~ommon staircase or courtyard Scheduled Castes and Scbeduled Tribes which by definition had to be treated as five census houses. If all thes.e five rooms were found Scheduled Castes and Seheduled Tribes are Occupied by single household entire fiat was treated those found in the Notification of Sched uled Castesl as ont census house. In such cases singleness of Scheduled Tribes Order (Amendment) Act, 1976 us~ was· taken inib .consideration to avoid undue (l08 of 1976). By this amendment, area restrictions Pr0liferation of th~ number of cenlUS houses. for most of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have been removed. However, the area An occupied residential census house means a restriction still remains in respect of Dhobi (in cenSus !:louse whicb is actually used fol' residential Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts)! Kotwal and purposest either wholly or partly by one or more Pa rd hi (in Bhind, Dhar Dewas, Guna, GwaIior, househ~ids. Indore, Jhabua, Khargone, Mandsaur, Morena, Raigarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Ujjain and Household: Vidisha Districts) and Kumhar (in ~hhatarpur, The term household in census is defined" as a Datia, Panna, Rewa, Satna. Sbahdol, Sidhi and group of persons who commonly live together and Tikamgarb districts) Scheduled Castes. Likewise would take their meals from a common kitchen Kee-r and Pardhi Scheduled Tribes are still restrict unless tbe exigencies of work pr.evented anyone of ed only in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts; them from doing so. There may be a. household of Mina in Sironj sub-division of Vidisha district ~ persons related by blood or: a hO'Psehold 9f un- . Panika in Chhatarpur, Datia, Pal1na, Rewa, Satna, related persons or,having a mix of both. Examples Shahdol, Sidbi, and Tikamgarh districts; Pardhi, of unrelated households are· boarding houses, mes Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita ParJhi, Langoli Pardhi, sess, hostels, resid ential hote Is, rescue homes, jails, Phanse Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia in (I) "Ashrams" etc., These are called institutional Bastar, Chhindwara, Mandla, Raigarh, Seonl and households. There may be one member households Surguja districts, (2) Baihar tahsil ~f BaJagbat two member households or multi - member district, (3) Betul and Bhainsdehi tahsils of BeLu] houseboJds. ,For census purposes, each one of these district, (4) Bilaspur and Katghora tahsils of Bilas-, types is regarded as a 'household'. pur 'district, (5) Durg and Balod tahsils ofDurg. district, (6) Chowki, Manpur and Mohala Reven ue There are three types of households viz, normal, Ins pector's Circles of Rajnand gaon district. (7) institutional and houseless households. A houseless Murwara, Patan and Sihora tahsil of Jabalpur household is that which is normally found to be district, (8) Hoshangabi.ld and Sohagpur tahsils of residing on the road side, pavements, in hume pipes Hoshanga bad and Narsimhpur district, (9) Har under staircases, or in open, temple. mandaps, sud tahsil of Khandwa district, (10) Bindra-Nawa platforms and the like. Institutional housellOlds garh, Dhamtari and Mahasamund tahsils ofRaipur have been explained above. Those households which district. do not fall in the category of institutional household and houseless household have ,been categorised as Persons belonging to the castes/tribes mention normal households, The enumerator was required ed above found in the districts other than those to indic~te in the Household Schedule whether the where Scheduled have not been treated as schedul household belonged to 'Institutional household' or ed castes Or scheduled tribes as the case may be. 'Houseless household'. For institut~onal 'I' was lt may be mentioned here that scheduled castes can written against the question 'Type of househw~' belong to the Hindu or the Sikh religion only. and '0' was indicated in tile case of bouseless while the scheduled tribes belong to any religion. household. For normal household, no entry was The list of Scaeduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes required to be made. relating to Madhya Pradesh relevant to 198J census The enumeration of institutional households has been given immediately after this note as was done in the manner the normal households were Annexure-I. enumerated during the enumeration period from TAterates and Educated Person!'ol : 9th February to 28th February, 1981. The house less households were enumerated on the night of A person who can both read and write with 28th February. 1981. understanding in any language is treated as literate. xiv A person who can merely read but cannot write, is Censusel, tbe economic question. were baled on not literate. It is not necessary that a person different approaches, namely, usual status and who is literate should have received any formal current status, were adopted with reference period education or should have passed any minimum of one year and one week for seasonal and for ed ucational standard. regular work, respectively. Current status approach was thought to be irrelevant in the context of our The test for literacy was necessary only when country where usual status of a worker is consider the enumerator had any doubt about any person ed to be more appropriate. returning as 'literate'. The test for literacy was abilitY to read any portion of the Enumerator's The above questions; are iB three parts and Instruction Booklet and to write a simple letter. have been designed in such a way, that first of all Ability merely to sign one's name was not consider· it attempts to divide the population into two broad ed adequate to qualify a person as being able to groups viz., write with understanding. If a person claimed to be literate in some other language with which the (1) those who have worked any time at all enumerator was not familiar, the respondent's word during the last year, (2) those Who have not work ed at all. was taken as correct. The latter group consist of the non-workers. All children of the age of 4 years or less were This information is obtained in 14·A. Having treated as illiterate even if they might be going to Q. Ichool and had picked up reading and writing a classified the population into two groups, the next few words .. attempt has been to clalsify those who have worked any time into Main workers and Marginal workers. Classification gf workers by Industrial Category; on the basis or time spent on work as well as secondary work, ifany, of the Main workers. If At the 1981 Census, the questions which were a person had worked for six months or more (180 canvassed in the lnd ividual slip to elicit informa days or more) he was treated as Main worker and tion on economic characteristics of the population and if the period of work was less than six months were as follows:- he was regarded as a Marginal worker. In Q. 15B details of secondary work or marginal work are (j) Q. 14A Worked any time at all last Year? obtained. Finally an attempt· bas been made to --_-Yes----- determine whether those who are non-workers or (H/ST/D/R/B/I/O) No. margina1 workers are seeking or are available for work. Q. 14B If yes in 14A, did you work for major part of last year? Yes(l)jNo (2) It will thus be seen that these questions on economic aspects have been so de$igned as to ii Q. 1SA Main activity last year? identify all workers, full time workers or seasonal Yes in 148 (C/AL/HHI/OW) workers or marginal workers and non-workers wjth No in 14B (H/ST/D/R/B/I/O) reference to the activities during the last one year period prior to the date of enumeration. 15B Q. JSB Yes-Any other work any time last year? Q. 14B No-Work done any time last year? The various terms and definitions used in collecting the economic data have been explained Yes (C/AL/HHIIOW)/No briefly in tbe following paragraphs. C/AL/HHf/OW Definition of work ; iii Q. 16-If No in 14A or 14B, seeking/available for work? Yes (I )/No (2). Work has been defined as participation in any economically productive activity. Such participa The:- above questions were formulated after tion may be physical or mental in nature. Work detailed discussion at the Data User's Conference involves not only actual work but also effective and technical ,roup. At the 1961 and 1971 supervision and direction of work. xv For persons on regular employment or engaged dependents, retired persons or rentiers, beggan, in regular typ~ of work, temporary absence during inmates of institutions, unemployed persons etc. the reference period on account of illness, holiday, They are persolls Who have not worked any time at temporary' closure, strike etc., was not a dis all in the year preceeding the enumeration. qualification for treating them as workers. Persons under training, such as apprentices, Main activity of workers : ~ith or without stipends or wages were also treated The main actiVity of workers has been classified as workers. In the case of a person who bad been into four categories Viz., cultivator, agricultural offered work but had not actually joined, he was labourer, household industry and other work in the not treated as a worker. Rent receil'ers, pensioners PCA at the 198] census. A significant departure etc., were not treated as economically active unle~s has, therefore, been made while presenting the they also engaged themselves in some economIC data on economic activity which relate to only four activity. broad categories indicated above as against nine ind ustrial categories of the 1961 and the 1971 In all these questions, the reference period is the one year; preceeding the date of enumeration. censuses. The nine categories of the 1971 census were-(i) Cultivator, (ii) Agricultural labourer, Certain types of work such as agriculture, house (iii) Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and hold industry like gur making etc., carried on either Plantations, Orchards and allied activities, (iv) throughout the year or only during certain seasons Mining,. (v) Manufacturing, Processing and servic or part of the year, depending on the local ~ircum ing with sub-categories-(a) At Household Industry stance. In all such cases the reference pertod has and (b) Other than Household Industry, (vi) Con been the broad time span of the agricultural sea struction, (vii) Trade and C;::ommerce, (viii) Trans sons preceeding the enumeration. port, Storage and Communications, and (ix) Other Main Workers : services. The correspondence between the cate gories of 1981 and 1971 are as under- The main workers are those who have worked for a major part of the year prcceeding the enume 1981 Category 1971 Category ration. ,Main activity was reckoned in terms of time disposition. For example, if a person had I I worked as daily wage labourer for 4 months, as an II II agricultural labourer for 1 month and as cultivator III Veal for 2 months, he was treated as a Main worker on IV IlI,IV,V(b),VI,VII,VIH & IX the basis of total time spent on work and his main activity have been reckoned as Daily Wage Labourer Cultivator: since he spent major part of his time on work in this activity than as cultiva tor or agricultural For purposes of census a person is working as labourer. cultivator jf he or she is engaged·either as employer, single worker or family worker in cultivation of Marginal Workers: land owned or held from Government Or held from Marginal workers are those who have worked private persons or institutions for payment in any time at all in the year preceed ing the enumera money, kind or share. tion but have not worked for a maior part of the Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing: and year. For example, if a person who is mostly harvesting and production of cereals and millet doing household duties, or is mainly a student, or crops such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajra, ragi, a rentier or a ~ggar and the like who is basically etc., and other crops such as sugarcane,groundnuts a non-worker had done some work at some time tapioca, etc. and pulses, raw jute and kindered durmg the reference period, he was treated as a fibre crop, cotton etc., and 'does not' include fruit marginal worker. groWing, vegetable growing or k,;:eping orchards or Non-Workers: groves or WOl king of plantation like tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, opium and other medicinal plan Non-workers conititut~ of householders, students, tations. xvi Agricultural Labour.r : processing, serVIcIng, repaIrlog or making and .eUing (but not merely selling) ot goods such as Persons working in another' person's land for handloom weaving, dyeing, carpentry, bidi rolling, wages in money, kind or share have been treated a. pottery manufacture, bicycle repairing, blacksmith agricultural labourers. An agricultural labourer ing, tailoring etc. It does not include professions has nO risk in the cultivation and he has no right. of such as a pleader .or doctor or barber or 'dhobi' lease or contract on land on which be works. even if such professions are run at home by mem bers of the household. Household Industry: Household Industry is defined as an industry Otber workers :' conducted by the head of the household himselfl herself and or by the members of the households at All workers, i.e. those who have been engaged bome or within the viHage in rural areas and only in some economic activity during the last one year, within the precincts of the house where the house who are not cultiVators or agricultural labourers hold lives in urban areas. The larger proportion or in household industry are 'other workers'. The of workers in a household industry should consist type of workers that come under this category of members of the household including the head. include factory workers, plantation workers, The industry should not be run on the scale of trade, COJJ1merc., business, transport, mining, coo- registered factory which would qualify and has to ~ struction. political or social work, all government under the Indian Factories Act. b~registered servants, municipal eruployees, teachers, priests,. Household IndustJY relates to production, entertainment artists etc. ANNEXURE I MADHYA PRADESH [ The Sebeduled Castes and Scbeduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976] Daled the 18tb September, 1976 ScWuled Castes . 1 AudbeIia. 35 Kumhar (in Cbhatarpur, Datia, Panna, Rewa, 2 Bagri, Bagdi. Satna, Shahdol, Sidhi and Tikamgarh d ialricts) 3 Bahna, Babana. 36 Mahar, Mehra., Mehar. 4 Balabi, Balai. 37 Mang, Mang Garodi, Mang Garudi. Dankhni 5 Bancbada. Mang, Mang Mabasi. Madari, Garudi. Radhc 6 Barahar, Basod. Mang .. 7 Bargunda. 38 Meghwal. 8 Basor. Burud. Dansor. Bansodi. Bansphor. 39 Mogbia. Basar. 40 Muskhan. 9 Bedia. 41 Nat, Kalbelia, Sapera. Navdigar, Kubutar. 10 Beldar, Sunkar. 42 Pardhi (in Bhind, Dhar, Dewas, Guna, Gwa 11 Bhangi. Mehtar, Balrnik. Lalbegi. Dbarkar. liar, Indore, Jhabua, Khargone. Mandsaur, 11 Bhanumati. Morena, Rajgarh, Ratlam, Shajapur, Shivpuri 13 Chadar. Ujjain and Vidisha Districts). 14 Chamar. Chamari, Bairwa. Bhambi, Jatav, 43 Pasi. Mochi, Regar. Nona, Rohidas. Ramnami. 44 Rujjbar. Satnami, Surjyabanshi. Surjyaramnami, Ahir- 4S Sansi, Sansia, war, Chamar Mangan. Raidas. . 46 SHawat. 15 Chidar. 47 ZamraI. J 6 Chikwa. Chikvi. 17 Chitar. Scbeduled Tribes 18 Dahait, Dahayat. Dahat. 19 Dewar. 1 Agariya. 20 Dhanuk. 2 Andh. 21 Dhed, Dher. 3 Baiga. 22 Dhobi (in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore dis- 4 Bhaina. tricts). 5 Bharia Bhumia, Bhiunhar Bbumia, Bhumiya, 23 Dohor. Bharia, Paliha, Pando. . 24 Dom, Durnar, Dome, Domar, Doris. 6 Bhattra. 25 Gand a, Gand i. 7 Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patelia·. 26 Ghasi, Ghasia. 8 Bhil Mina. 27 Holiya. 9 Bhunjia. 28 Kanjar. 10 Biar. Biyar. 29 Katia, Patharia. 11 Binjhwar. 30 Khatik. ] 2 Birhul, Birhor. 31 Koli. KorL }3 Damor, Damaria. 32 Kotwal (in Bhind, Dhar, Dewas, Guna, 14 Dhanwar. Gwalior, Indore, Jhabua, Khargone,Mandsaur 15 Gadaba, Gadba. Morena, Rajgharh, Ratlam, Shajapur. Shiv. 16 Gond: Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria. Asur, Badi puri, Ujjain. and Vidisha districts). Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, Bhuta 33 Khangar, Kanera, Mirdha. Koilabhuta, Koliabbuti. Bhar, Bisonhorn 34 Kuchbandhia. Maria, Chota Maria, Danoami ~ xviii Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Dorla, Gaiki, Gatta 35 Oraon, Dbanka. Dhangad. Gatti, Gaita, Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kan .3.6 Panika (in Chhatarpur, Datia, Panna, Rewa, dra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar Khirwara, Kueha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, Satna,Shahdol, Sidhi and Tikarngarb districts.) Madia, Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, 37 Pao: .Mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muri~, Nagan;hi, 38 Patdhdn, Pathari, Saroti . NlIgwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria, Vade Maria, 39 Pardhi (in Bhopal,Raisen and Sehore district'S) DaroL 40 Pardhi, Bahelia, BaheIlia, Chita Pardhi, Lan. 17 Halba, Halbi. goli Pardhi, Phanse Pard hi, Shikari, Takankar 18 Kamar. Takia [in (1) Bastar, Chhindwara, Mandla , Raigarh, Seoni and Surguja districts, (2) Baihar 19 Karku. tahsil of Balaghat district. (3) Betul and 20 Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia, Tan- Bhainsdehi tahsils of Betul district, (4) Bilaspur war, Chattri and Katghora tahsils of Bilaspur district• 21 Keer (in Bhopal, Raisen and Sehore districts). (5) Durg and Balod tahsils of Durg district, 22 Khairwar, Kondar. (6) Chowki, Manpur and Mohla Revenue Jnspectors' Circles of Rajnandgaon d istr ict, (7) 2.3 Kharia. Murwara, Patan and Sihora tahsils ofJabalpur 24 Kondh, Khond, Kandh. district, (8) Boshangabad and Sohagpur 25 KoL tahsils of Hoshangabad district and Narsimha 26 Kolam. pur district, (9) Harsud tahsil of Khandwa 27 Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi. Nihal, Nahul, Bondhi district, (lO)Bindra-Nawag_arh, Dhamtari and Mahasamund tahsils of Raipur district. Bondeya. 28 Korwa, Kodaku. 41 Parja. 29 Majhi. 42 Sabariya, Saharia, Sehada, Schria, Sosia, Sor. 30 Majhwar. 43 Saonta, Saunta. 31 Mawasi. 32 Mina (in Sironj sub-d ivlsion ofVid isha:d istrict) 44 Sauro 33 Munda. 45 Sawar, Sawara. 34 Nagesia, Nagasia. _.. 46 Sonr. xix HISTORY AND SCOPE OF DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK The History of the District Census Handbook Thus the present series of District Census Hand could be traced from the 'Village lists' brought OUt book consists of two volumes viz. , DCHB Part A Cor every district in 1901 and 'village statistics' for a~d DCHB Part B. Part A contains the village/Town every district 1911. But this was discontinued DIrectory and Part B contains the Town/ViI1agewise in 1921 and 1931. In 1941, however 'village statis Primary Census Abstract of the concerned district. tics' were brought out by then Central Pr~vinces and Berar Government. It was for the first time in Part A-Vi1Jage Directory contains information 1951 the practice of bringing out a single volume about the name of village, total area of village, known as the District Census Handbook. giving total popUlation and number of households in the villagewise statistics and other census tables for village, amenities like education, medical, drinking the district at the cost of the State Government wa~er, post and telegraphs, market day. communi was initiated and is continuing since then. catIons, approach to village, distance from the nearest town, power supply, staple food. land use. The District Census Handbook, compiled by places of religious, historical and archaeological the Census Organisation on behalf of the State interest etc. Government is one of the most important pu blica In addition there are four appendices to the tions of the census and is widely used by planners. Village Directory as under- administrators. acadomicians and researchers. (l) Tahsilwise abstract of educatio·nal, medical and other amenities. The scope of the District Census Hand book has gone considerable change since 1951. In 1951 (2) Land utilization data in respect of census the District Census Handbook contained only the towns. Primary Census Abstract and the Census tables. (3) Tahsilwise list of villages where no ameni In view of the usefulness of this publication. ties are available. and improvements were made in 1961 by including non (4) Tahsilwise list of villages according to the census data like climate, agriculture, co-operation proportion of Scheduled Castes/Sched uled industry, education, health etc., as also an'Intro. Tribes population by ranges. ductory Note' for each district. Unfortunately. the desire to make the district census handbook more The last two appendices have been included for comprehensive delayed its publication. Therefore. the first time in 1981 ceasus. Appendix III wjll be in 1971, it was decided to publish the district cen helpful for planning input in areas/villages where sus handbook in three parts in order to release the basic infrastructure is lacking and Appendix IV will maximum data as and when finalised. Part A con be helpful for planning welfare programmes for tained the Village Directoty which gives viJIagewise Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes at micro level, non-census statistics of land use. area and amenities particularly in relation to area development available within the village. Part B contained the orientation programmes. village wise Primary Census Ahstract and Part C Similarly the Town Directory contains seven contained various administrative statistics. Part A statem.ents as below- and B were, however. published in one volume since Statement I-Status and growth history. it was economical to do so as data for both the Statement II-Physical aspects and location parts became available early. Parts A and B were of towns .. published separately in Hindi and English versions. • Statement III-Municipal Finance. Collection of data for Part C was cumbursome and it took unduly long time in its finalisation. and Statement IV-Civic and other amenities. ultimately this publication had to be abondoned in Statement lVA-Civic and other Ame~ities in view of the enormous delay in its printing. Notified Slums. Statement V-Medical, educational, recreatio In 1981 census, with a viow to avoid delay in nal and cultural facilities. bringing out of DCH series, the part containing Statement Vl-Trade, Commerce & Industry and ~he administrative statistics has been dropped. Banking. An additional statement IV-A is meant only industrial categories \'iZ~., cultivators, agricultUral for Class-! and Class-II towns giving the civic and _ labourers, household industry and other workers. other amenities in notified slums. This statement marginal workers a,nd non-workers. has been introduced for the first time in 1981 census. The inclusion of 'Primary Census Abstiact relating to the Sch~duled Ca§tes aJ:!.d Sched_llkd Part B-The t()wn/viHagewise Primary Census Tribes at the tahsil/town feveUs ~notbei impor Abstract gives the basic data like area of the village. • tant (eat~~e 6t tll'eUCHB series "of 1981 cens.~s'- occupied residential houses, total nurober of house holds, population by sex, as also the sexwise popu An appendix containing Development Block lation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, wise-'Vikas Khandwar' totals of peA figures has literacy and population by sex into four broad also been included. ANALYTICAL NOTE SpeJt as 'SAUGOR' during British period, the all more or less working under the general control of district of Sagar takes its name from the headquarters district collector. The division level offioes have also town which in turn derives its name from Hindi word been set up with its recent upgradation 10 division 'Si1gar' meaning lake or sea, apparently because of headquarters. the large and once beautiful lake around which the town of Sagar has been built. The district having Sagar bas recently been upgraded to the division truly central location in the country, lies between by carving out 5 districts, Sagar, Damoh, Tikam 23° 101 and 24.27 1 north latitudes and 78°4' and 79·2' garh, Chhatarpur and Panna of erstwhile Jabalpur east longitude. The Tropic of Cancer passes through and Rewa divhions. Sagar, being the headquarters of the southern pal t ofthe district. It is bounded on the division, district and tahsil, has a rounicipatityand west and east by Vidisha and Darooh respectively, on also a Cantonment Board. The collector and commi the north by Jhansi district of U. P. and the south by ssioners offices are situated on top of a hillock. Being Raisen and Narsimhapur districts. Chhatarpur district the divisional headquarters. the Regional Tabulation fL'rms tbe north-east boundary and Guna district comes Office was also set up in 1980 whicb continued upto to the north-west. 31-8-1984 for editing and coding of Census data. The history of Sagar town dates back to about In its outline the district is shaped roughly like 1660 A. D. when Udan Shah, a descendent of Nihal a triangle with its base to the north and vertex to the Shah. built a small fort and founded a village Par south-east. Within its territory of 10,525 sq.kms. Sagar kota in its close vicinity which is nOw part of the town. district comprises 2.32%of state's area. Being the 16th During British period, the position of Sagar and the district, is slightly bigger than the average size neighbouring territories underwent frequen t changes. (9654.36 sq. klU) of a district in the state. By way of Sagar which was the headquarters of Sagar Commissio· compari~ion, it may be observ_ed that Bastar, the nary for a short period ceased to be so in 1863-64, biggest district in the state is about 4 'times as large When this was incorporated with Jabalpur Revenue as Sagar district which in its turn is more than 5 times division. Before the reorganisation of states Damoh as big as Datia, the smallest district in the state. The was also a part of Sagar District. Again in 1981 greatest length (105 km.) of the district is Crom north Census, it has emerged as the separate revenue west to south-east while greatest width (75 km.) from division. east to west is ill the north which forms the base of the inverted traingle. Administratively. Sagar district is divided into four tahsils viz. Khurai, Sagar, Rehli and Banda, Sagar As far as po pulation is concerned, Sagar is placed tahsil being in middle is surrounded by Khurai in at 11th position in the state, having interchanged its the west, Rehli in the south and Banda in the north. 1971 rank to. It contains 2.53% population of the In the year 1932, the two tahsils of the present Damoh state, which is 163,602 more than district average. district, Damoh and Hatta were added to the district We may also mention that Raipur, the most populous which again separated in 1956 to form a separate disrtict. district in the state, contains more than double the All the four tahsils have their respective headquarters inhabitants as Sagar while Sagar is little less than 5 jn the towns of same name. Sagar is biggest tahsil times as populous as Datia, the least populous district in both area and population. It is also most thickly pop ulated of all the tahsils. in the state. The Administrative pattern of Sagar district is The following table gives the population total, similar to other districts with the usual district rural and urban further classified by persons, males level offices and the hierarchy of subordinate office of and females in each tahsil of tbe district. This table xxii also presents the total and inhabited number of villages and towns in each tahsil of the district. Table 1 Population, Number of Villages and Towns, 1981 ---....------_ .... _- _---.__ . ------POPULATION ,--_-______. ___..A.. ______~ No.ofVillages No. Name Total Rural Urban r---..A.----..., of Sl. of r----.A..----~ , ____ --A._ ___--..., ,------"-----, Total Inha- Towns No. Tahsil P M F P M 'F P M F bited ;_..--_------._--_------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ------_.. _------ Khurai 301.796 159,645 142,151 235,260 124,354 110,906 66,536 35,291 31,245 559 502 2 Tahsir 2 Banda 182.984 96,6~7 86,347 161,917 85,332 76,585 21,067 11 ,305 9,762 306 271 2 Tahsil 3 Sagar 528 842 281,613 247,229 300,901 159,002 141,899 227,941 122,611 105,330 530 497 4 Tahsil 4 Rehli 309,510 161 675 147,835 ;:56,449 133,865 122,584 53,061 27,810 25,251 691 598 3 Tahsil ------_------,._ - _____: -L- ____. __ Total District ],323,]32 699,570 623,562 954,527 502,,55: 451,974 368,605 197,017 ] 7],588 2,086 1,818 11 ------_....------_,.... As was revealed earlier, Sagar tabsil having 5.29 There have been certain changes in the total num lak h population stands on first rank. This is app· ber of villages in two tahsils. Sagar and Rebli. With arently because of headquarters city Sagar with a the upgradation of Dhana village (L.C.85/ 1971 Census) population of 2.071akhs. Banda Tahsil with 1.83 lakhs to the 1981 Census town, there has been a declllle is in the end. The other two tahsils Khurai and Rehli of one village. Madba L. C. No-451 (1971 Census) fall in between baving about 3 lakhs population each.- Was merged in Rahatgarh Municipality vide Govt. Notification No. 45/28/2/78 dt. 6. 1.79. Gaur Nagar There are 2086 villages in the district. The com· which is now an outgrowth of Sagar U. A. was a part parative tahsilwise position of total nO. of villages ofresecved forest at 1971 Census. This village was enum'erated at the two Censuses is given below. transferred to the university and a L. C. No. 530 was alloted to it at 1981 census. Thus, overall decrease of 1 village in Sagar tahsil. Consequent upon the Tahsil I971 Difference merger of 3 villages viz Khamaria (L. C. No. 68) -----___,.._ ... _------Bamura Jaisingh (L. C. No. 70) and Patna kakri (L. C. No. 72) in Rehli municipality vide Govt. Khurai 559 559 notification No. 218/18/1 dt. 1-7-74, there has been Randa 306 306 ad ecrease of 3 villag;;!s in Rehl i tahsil. There has been addition of two towns Dhana and Shahgarh. They Sagar 531 53C qualified the specific cdteria to be declared as Cen. sus towns. raising the number of towns in the district Rehli 694 691 3 to 11. Of these, one (Sagar) is class I, three (Sagar 1------.. ---- Cantt, Bina-Etawa, Khurai) are class III, five (Garb· akota, Deori RehIi, Rahatgarh, Banda) are ClaiS IV Total 2,090 2,oa6 -4 and (Shagarh & Dhana) two are class V, There t______-_.______--- xxiii IS none in class H and class VI, It is observed that urban population of the district is about 3,48% of about one - fourth of the district population live in state urban. urban area and remaining in the country side. Hav ing an urban component of 24.5% Sagar is more According to number of villages, Rehli tahsil urbanised than the state as a whole since whose popu· ha ving 691 villages ranks first whi Ie Danda having 306 lation includes urban component of 20.29%. Among comes at the end of the scale. Kburai and Sagar fall tahsils, Banda is least urbanised. Sag'ar tahsil having at number two and three respectively. The similar two largest towns, Sagar U. A. and Sagar Conton· ranking holds good as far as the Dumber of deserted m.:nt has the largest urban population (65.29%). The (uninha'>ited) villages in each tahsil_ are concerned. Table 2 Decadal Cbange in Distribution of Population ------~------_---. ------~---.~.------.------.---- Population r------.------A-______...... Percentage decadal 1971 In 1 Variation ( 1971-81 ) r------""""'\ r- ____..A.. __. _____ """"'\ SI. Name of A r----A ------"'\ Rued Urban Total Rural Urban Total Runl Urban ------_ ~-- .-~------... ------.~ ------_. -_------_-_- :L 3 4 5 fi 7 8 9 10 II --- .-.-~--- _._-_-_------.--~-- - --.. ------ Khura' Tallsil 264,g76 211,656 53,220 ~Ol ,796 235,260 fi6,536 +13.94 +11.15 +25.02 ., 11-:'1l1.( Tahsil 1-l,U)72 1 }(i,4.+2 7, () 3l} I R2,984 1 (,1,9 i 7 21,067 -+--27,01 ·[-IRo('7 +176,11 3 Sagar Tnh'il 40R,9-l9 245,987 162,962 51R,~42 300,901 227,94 ] +29',32 +22.32 +39.87 4 Rehli Tahsil 244,3 94 207,948 36,446 309,510 256,44') 53,061 +26.64 +23.32 +45.59 ------"-.----"__ ._ ------_ Total: District 1,062,':91 802,033 260,258 1,323,132 954,527 368,605 +24,55 +19.01 +41.63 ------.-. ---~ ------,------Sagar dfstrict registered the highest ever growth Banda (27.01 %). and Rehli (26.64%), Khurai tahsil rate of24.55%during the decade 1971·81. The decade registered the least (13.94%) growth rate in the dis ajded 260,841 persons to the 1971 population of the trict. The highest urbanisation of population took district. Tbe growth rate of population in Sagar dis place in Banda tahsil which bas comparatively least trict is, however, slightly less than that of Madhya urban population. The faster growth of urban popu Pradesh state (25.27%). The rural and urban lation in the tahsil appears to be the result of adding growth rate of population is 19.01% and 41.63% of Shahgarh town. In respect of rural popUlation, respectively. Sagar Tahsil experienced the highest percentage d ecad al variation of the district is least growth rate (29.32%) within the district followed by in Khurai tahsil. uiv The decadal growth rate of population in the district as compared to the different censuses is given below- Table 2.1 Decadal growth of population since 1951 ------__.--~-~------_.,_,--.._...-- District State r-~----..A..------~, r------..A..------, Census Total Decadal Density Sex ratio (No. Tota! Dec'ldal Dens ity Sex ratio (No. year Popu. Percentage (Population of Females popu- PopulatIOn (Popul!ltion of Females tion variation per Km') per 1,000 lation V:lriutlon per Km2) per 1,000 males) males) ------,-.. ----_.--__....-_._- 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 ------~------.----_...------1951 636,191 + 6.56 42 934 26,071,637 + 6.67 967 1961 796,547 +25.21 80 920 32,372,408 +24.17 11 953 1971 1,062,291 +33.36 104 892 41,654,119 +28. 67 94 941 1981 1,323,132 +24.55 129 89~ 52,178,844 +25.27 118 941 --~--~------The following table provides villages by population ranges and their percentage to the total inhabited villages in the district. Table 3 Distribution of Villages by Population Ranges -----~------_------__ . Ta.hsil r-----~------~------~~ Sagar District K ::rurai Banda Sagar Rehli _..A... __--") r--- r-- . ...A-_--") ,-_,..A..._--., ;---"----.. r- - _.A --,. Range of No. of Percen- No. of &rcen- No. of Percen- No. of Percen- No.of Percen- Population villages tage villages tage vi II ages tage villages tage vi llages tage in each in ea.ch in each in each in each range range range range range ------~------_.__ ___.!------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ...... --.------""------ Less thaD 200 522 21.94 124 24.70 64 23,62 }08 21.73 226 37.79 200-499 71t 38.06 223 44.42 86 31. 73 181. 36.42 221 36.96 500-1,999 58\ 31.1 () 144 28.69 110 40. S9 190 38.23 \37 22.91 2,000-4.999 49 2.62 10 1.99 11 4.06 15 3.02 13 2.11 5,000.... 9.999 5' 0.28 1 0.20 :3 0.60 1 0.12 10,000+ ------_¥ ------;-~.------Total 1,868 100.00 SOl 100.00 271 100.00 497 100.00 598 100.00 ------:------_-- xxv The average size of a village by population is 5 J 1 BUhara ( L. C. 122) in Sagar tahsil, Mandi Bamora persons. More than 1/4 th (522) of total inhabited (L. C. (22) in Khurai tahsil and Gaur Zhamar (L.C. villages are small siz.ed with a population of below 302) in Rehli. We find that Sagar and Banda tahsils 200. 711 (38.06%> in the size class 200-499, 581 have comparatively bigger villages (average 605 and (31.10%> in the size class 500-1999, 49 (2.62%> in the 597 respectively) whereas Rehli and Khurai have sma. lize class 2090-4999 and remaining in the size class Har villages. The average size of village for the state 5000-9999. There is no village with a population of as a whole is 583. If the distribution of villages is of 10,000 or more. For the sake of gen~ralisation. the examined in view of smaller <500 and higher ;> 500 village can be further grouped as a small sized poru· villages, the tahsllwise picture is emerged as follows. lation below 500. medium sized (500-1999). large sized (2000-4999) and exceptionally large sized Rebli 25.25 and 74.75 (5000+). About two-third of the total villages are Sagar 38.15 61.85 small sized whlle a little less than one third are Khurai 30.88 69.12 44.65 medium sized. And only 2.8% are large sized-There Banda 55.35 are OD ly 5 villages with a population (5000+) and Banda is the only tahsil where all the villages they are Karrapur (L.C, 12), Shahpur (L,C. 64) and are below 5,OCO population. TabJe 4 Distribution of Villages by Density ------... ------.------.,--~------Tahsil r---~------_..A.. -----. ______.. Sagar District Khurai Banda Sagar Rehli r---_-"------. ,--' ..A.__ ~ ,-__..A.._ - ---. ,-__ A __ ---. r--_-"-__~ Range of Total Percen- Total PerL'en- Total Percen- Total Percen- Total Percen- density No. of tage No. of tage No.of tage (per sq. vill"ges villages villages km.) in each in each in each range range range -..------.-___.-----.------.. ------~------2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 -~------ Less than-lO 68 3.64 14 2.79 5 1.84 12 2.42 37 6.19 11-20 4(} 2.62 7 I. 39 4 1.48 ]4 2.82 24 4.01 21-50 184 9.~5 34 6.77 28 10.33 37 7.44 85 14.21 51-100 562 ,30.09 176 35.06 79 29.15 143 28.77 J 64 27.42 JOI.-200 805 43.09 241 48.01 117 43.17 235 47.28 212 35.45 201-3eO 143 7.66 22 4.38 33 12.18 40 8.05 48 8.03 301-500 38 2.03 5 1. 00 5 1.85 II 2.21 17 2.85 501+ 19 ~. 02 3 0.60 5 1. 01 11 1. 84 Not known , . .c. ------.--.-~------....--~--- Total 1,868 100.00 502 100.00 271 100.00 497 100.00 598 100.00 ~------~------,__.------_._-..------~ ;uvi Tahle 4 shDws distribution of villages according to the state as a whole (941 females per 1000 males). range of density per sq.km. It is explained that the Broadly speaking the sex.ratio in the state ascends entire revenue area of the inhabited village has been from Morena district (834) in the north to Raipur taken into consideration fOT calculating density of district (1009) in the south. Within the district; the sex population. According to 1981 census Sagar district ratio in each tahsil falls below the state average. has 129 persons per sq. km. It maintained its However Rehli tahsil with a sex·ratio of 914 ranks at 18th rank of 1971 census among the districts of the top and Sagar tahsil (878)is at the bottom. The the state. The density of district is somewhat higher phenomenon could be primarily aSsociated with male than the state average (118). selective immigration to Sagar cantonment and The above table reveals that the model density of Dhana military area from other parts of the country. popUlation of the district lies between 101-200 per-- The following table gives the tabailwise sex-ratio aJong sons per sq. km. which accounts for more than 40% of with the district and state. the villages, in the district. About 90% of the inha- ______- ______r bited villages Lrtcorded d density up to 2 O persons Region Sex-ratio per sq. km~ In about one tenth (181) villages it r------..A------. varied between 201 and 500 and only) 9 villages reeo- Total Rural Urban rded a very high density of more 500 persons per sq. ______. ______kni. Irrespective of span of each density range as M'ldhylt Pradesh 941 956 884 stated above the highest number of vWages are in the l' Sagar District 891 899 871 d\!nsity ra nge 101-200 and the lowest in tbe. density Khurai Tahsil 890 892 885 range of 500+. The tahsil wise pattern is more or less Banda Tahsil 894 897 864 similar. As in case of population range, Banda tahsil Sagar Tahsil 878 892 859 has no village in the density range 500+. Rehli Tahsil 914 916 908 ~ex-ratjo ------1981 Census recorded a sex ratio of 891 females per The tahsil wise pattern of urban and rural sex ratio 1000 males in the district. This is lower than that of ig in accordance with the district pattern. Table 5 Proportion of Scheduled Castes Population to total Population in the Villages ---_ ------~~ --_--_------~------. --_. ----'--"_'------Tahsil ,------__ .. ______A ______-______--... Sagar Di strict Khurai Banda Sagar Rd1li ,-_ . ___ ....A... __~ , __ A __~ ,- --"-__ ~ ,-__A __ ~ ,- __ ---"-__ -~ Percentage No. of Percen- No.of Percen- No.of Pacen- No.of Pen.en- No.of Percen- range of S C. vi Jlag.es tage villages tag,e villages (age vi Jlage~ tage villages tage Populaiion to in each in each in each in eac!~ in each total Pomdatioll range '\ range range range range 2 3 4 5 6 7 s 9 10 J 1 - - .. -~- -"- -_._ .. _- __ -----~- .. --- _ -----~---.------.~---- .------, ~------Nil ~96 15.84 55 10.% 51 18.82 35 7.04 155 25.92 0-5 IH 8.24 26 5.18 16 5.90 24 4.83 88 14.72 6 -10 166 8.89 26 5. 18 27 9.96 39 7.85 74 12.37 11-15 21<; ! ! .51 50 9.96 22 8. 12 6):1 13.68 75 12.54 16-20 2.l3 13.01 60 11. 95 33 12. 18 77 15.49 73 12.21 21-30 313 19.97 107 21. 31 66 24.35 J 20 24.15 80 13.38 :,1 and above 421 72.54 178 35.46 S6 20.67 134 26.96 53 8.~6 ------~------_------....,.__------Total 1,868 100.00 502 ]00.00 271 100.00 497 100.00 598 100.00 ------~------xxvii One of the high lights of 1981 Census as that of sligbtly lesser than 1971 census when it was 20.88%. 1971 and 1961 Censuses was the collection of detailed However the proportion of SC population is signifi information on the socio -economic characteristics of cantly higher than state SC. Out of the total SC SC and ST population As per 1981 census; the SC population ~04.707 (80. 72%) live in the rural\and the population in Sagar district stands at 275765 consis- remaining 71,058 (19.28%) in the urban areas. There ting of 145,491 males and 130,274 females. They are 296 villages in the district which has no SC constitute 20.84% of the total population of district, population. Table 6 Proportion of Scheduled Tribes population to total population in the villages· ------Tahsil r------A ______....., _____ ------Sagar District Khurai Banda Sagar , __RehliA_--., r-----A---~ r---..A---. --., ,_A_-, r----"-~ Percentage No.of Perceo- No. of Percen. No. of Pen:en· No. of . Percen- No. of Percen- range of S.T. villages tage vi llages tage villages (age villages tage villages tage Population to in each in each in each in each in each total Population range range range range range ------~- ~------_._------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Nil 476 25.48 182 36 :26 63 23.25 135 27.16 96 16.05 0-5 374 :::0.02 84 16.73 48 17.71 147 28.57 100 1 S. 72 6-15 402 21' 52 113 24.50 68 25.09 99 19.92 I j 2 18.73 16-25 J 96 IV .~9 57 11.36 22 8.12 53 10.66 64 10.7IJ 2fi-35 98 5.25 23 4.58 15 5.53 22 4.43 38 6.36 36-50 94 5.03 11 2.19 24 8.86 15 3.02 44 7.36 51 and above 228 12.21 22 4.38 31 11.44 31 6.24 144 24.08 - --_ -----~------Total 1,868 100.00 502 100.00 271 100.00 497 100.00 598 100.00 ______.... _____ -L-____ ~---______. ______'. As the inset table shows, the share of SC The population of SC is highest in Khurai tahsil population is less than 5% in 154 (8.24?{) villages, 6 to and lowest in Rehli tahsil. The four tahsils Khurai, Banda, Sagar and Rehli have 55,51,35 and I5S villa 10% in 166 (8.89~{) villages, II to 15%in 215(11.51~~) ges respectively without SC population. Except in villages, 16 to 20% in 243 (l3.01) villages 21 to 30% Khurai tahsil, tbe proportion of SC population to the in 373 ( 19.97 %) villages, and 31 and above in 421 total population in 1981 Census has slightly declined (22.54%) villages of the district. as compared. to 1971 census. Among the four tahsils of the district, Khurai and Rehli tahsils have maintai Tahsilwise break up of SC and ST population is ned their first and last rank of 1911 Census. as follows :------Sudden spurt in the proportion of ST population Seheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes in the district is primarily the result of removal of area ------restriction for recognising the tnbal popUlation as ST Khurai 72,483 (24.02) 21,367 (7.08%) in the state. At the time in 1981 Census 114,856 (59198) males and 55,6'8 Females} persons bave been enu B;l.nda 40.757 (22.27%) 20,140 (11.01) merated as scheduled tribes in Sagar district. They Sagar 114,824 (21.71) 25,851 (4.89) comprise 8.68 %of the total population. Prior to 1981 Rehli 47,101. (15.41) 47,49S (15.35) Census, there was no ST population in district. The proportion of ST population in the district is far be hind the state average of ST population. In the dis Sagar Distrjct: 275,765 (20.84) 114.856 (8-68) trict 11 .62% of ST population is rural by residence and' 1.06% resides in urban areas. ------~------~------xxviii Out of 1868 inhabited villages in the district. 476 A cursory glance at the above table reveals that villages have no ST population. The ratio of the Bina-Etawa stands first closely followed by Sbah villages where the ST population is less than 15% garh, Garhakota, Khurai and Sagar as for as propor~ . above 15% is 2:1 Tahilwise percentage of villages ti on of SC population of Sagar district is concerned. without ST population are Khurai (36.26%) Banda In all these towns the concentration of SC popUlation (23.25%) Sagar (27.16%) & Rehli (16.05%>. In all is more than In the remaining towns the per there are 12.21% villages in the district where more 20%. than half of their population is ST. The higher centage of SC population is less than 20. The least concentration (15.35) of ST population is in Rehli proportion of SC po pulation is found in Dhana. tahsil and least (4.89%> is in Sagar Tahsil. Dhana and Deori towns have lower SC p@pulation The following table shows the proportion of SCj than state averaie. In other towns the percentage of ST population in urban areas of the district. In urban SC population is significantly higher than state urban areas the SC and ST c~mprises 19.28% and 1.06% of the total popUlation respectively. population of SC. Table 7 Proportion of Scbeduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes population in towns --_---,_.._ ------_._------Total Total Percentage of Percentage of Name of the Total SchedUled Scheduled Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Town PopUlation Castes Tribes population to total population to Population PopUlation population total population ------1 2 3 4 5 6 ------Banda 12,569 2,441 139 19.42 1 . 11 Bina·Etawa 41,831 8,7&7 314 21.01 0.75 Deo~i .17,129 2,332 433 13.61 2.53 Dhlm:! 7,107 736 185 10.36 2 60 Garhakota 19,589 4,080 154 20.83 0.79 Khurai 24,705 5,105 522 20 66 2.11 Rahatgarh 13,355 2,551 5 1910 0.04 Rehli 16,343 2,611 161 15.98 0.99 Sagar 174,770 35,188 1,537 20.13 0.88 Sagar Cantt. 32,709 5,442 168 16.64 0.51 Shahgarh 8.498 1,785 305 21.00 3.59 ------.------AI) Towns 368,605 71,055 19.28 1.06 ---.-_------_.. _-... ----... ------_._ Sagar is one of the districts where ST population is tion is found in Shahgarh t6wn except in Banda, Deori, far below the state level. This is more accute in case Dhalla & Khurai are the towns where S T populatIOn is of urban population. The proportion of ST popula more than 1%. In Rehli it is close to 1%. and in the tion is meagre in all the towns of the district. Rahat remaining towns. ST population is below 1%. garb bas very insiginificant proportion (U. 04%) of ST Literacy: Educational level in a population indicate population. The largest concentration of ST popula- ihe intrinsic quality of the population and according to Census, any person who is able to both read· true in case of both males and females. The gap bet and write with undeutanding in any language ween the state average and the district appears to be is recorded as literate. Sagar district is above pronounced in both rural and urban areas. The follo the sta t e average in respect of literacy. The fae t is wing table is given to facilitate comparision. - ----_.. ------_ ._------_._-----_.,------,---- Madhya Pradesh ,..-_____Sagar...... ___ District _A._____ -'-___ """"\ j r------..A.------~ Total/Rural! Urban Persons Males Females Persons Males Females ------_. ---.------2 3 ------_._------_._------4 5 6 7 Total 27,87 39.49 15.53 34.26 45.98 2!.Jl Rural 21.22 32.91 8.99 25.42 37.52 11.97 Urban 54.02 64.41 42.26 57·l4 67.54 45.19 ..------. ------_._----. --_-- Within the district. the maximum literacy rate Sagar is divided by two tahsils on each side of the 23.37 il in Sagar tahsil and the mInImum state literacy rate. The following\ inset table shows 20.33% is in Banda Tahsil. Khurai and RebJi tahsils the literacy rates by population ranges of the are of the second and third position respectively. villages. Table 8 LiteracJ Rate by Population Range of Villagos Tahsil r---.------.. ---..A..---~------.__. Sagar District Khurai Banda SagJ.r Rehli , __.A- __, r---A --, ,.--.}>...--, r---__A..~~-~ r- __ A __ ~ ]Z .1nge of No.of Literacy No.of Literacy No.of Literacy No.of Liteacy No. of Literacy l)opul ation villages rate villages rate villages rate villages rate villages rate in each in each in each in each in each range range range range range ------~------~--.-~-----~---- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ------~------~------ Less thlln- 200 522 16.09 124 20.64 64 11.2 t 108 1 R . 51 221'\ 13.70 200-499 711 20.33 223 24.05 86 15.10 181 21. 1\3 221 17.51 500-1,999 581 25.33 144 27.21 110 20.94 190 78.02 137 24.24 2,000-4,999 49 33.81 10 36.95 1 t 25.56 15 37.26 l3 33,79 5,000-9,999 5 43.28 1 57.91 3 39.--12 43 27 10,000+ ------~------..------Total 1,868 25·42 502 27.77 271 20.33 497 28.37 598 23.20 ------xu The above table reveals tbat tbe literacy rate has the lowest literacy rate and Rehli tahsil inproves increases as we move frol11 the lower population range marginally upon Banda. In the population range to higher one. 'fhis is because of more 5chooling faci 2,000-4,999 Sagar tashi! shows the highest rate 37.26 lities in large villages as compared to smaJl villages. It with Khurai and Rehli following in that order. In is in the population range of 500-1S99 that the lite- case of large viJIages, Kburai tahsil has the highest racy rate approaches to the literacy rate of the district. rate followed by Rehli which is almost equal to Sagar Khurai tahsil shows the highest literacy rate in both district in the fan,t!e 5,000-9,999. In the rural areas the smallest population range and, largest one. In of the district it is Sagar tahsil which registrers tbe respect of ImaH and very small villages Banda tahsil hTgbelit literacy rate. . Table 9 Uteracy rates for 'Iowns. 1981 ~------SI. No. Name of Town Literacy rate ----...... -----_--_-----_._------.---- 1 2 3 --.------.--..-----.------ 1 Banda 53.37 2 Bina-Etawa 59.85 3 Deori 52.7':> 4 Dhana 58.35 5 Garhakota 49.10 6 Khurai 58.41 7 Rahatgarh 30.9& 8 RehIi 50.22' • 9 Sagar 60.20 10 Sagar Cantt. (Cantt.) 62.21 11 Shahgarh 44.08 ...--.... ----_.... _------__..,------,..._----- An towns 57.14 ------,_------_----_.. _--_.-- xxxi The above inset table reflects the literacy rate of have more than haJf of their respective population as an the I1 urban cenrers of Sagar district. A oursory literate though Shahgarh & Garhakota also have fairly glance reveals that Sagar cantt. ranks first in literacy good literacy rate than that for state urban. 0 having 62.21 ,. of its population as literates. Sagat· 60.20·'0 literacy is equally good. Rahatgarh town has The progress in literacy in the district during the the least literacy. It has even Jarger proportion of literates that the d'isttict as whole. Apart from this, span of 80 year (1901 to 1981) is recorded in the folIo- all other urban areas except Shahgarh and Garhakota wing table. ------..-.------Census year Percentage of Literates to total population r------.---: ...A- ______~ 'II Total Males Females -----__ ... _------2 3 4 ------_ ------ 1901 4.09 7.68 0.40 ]911 4.80 7;79 0.64 1921 5.74 10.12 1. 09 1931 6.29 11. 03 1. 27 1941 9 62 14.70 4.36 1951 13.86 21.70 5.46 1961 20.51 30.52 9.64 1972 27.84 . 38.79 15.6g 1981 34.26 45.98 21.11 ------_.. _ ------.. _------_-- It could be seen from the above table that literacy even wider difference in 1951 the ratio being 4 : 1. rate has improved upon the preceding census. Present There has been a disparity in rural and urban areas literacy rate at 1981 Census in case of both the sexes and this differentia! is larger in case of females than differ sharply the ratio being nearly 2: 1. This rate for roales. Sexwise literacy has been narrowing altho was in the rate of 3:1 in 1961' census. It had ugh it continues to wide in itself. xnii Table Literates, Workers, Non-Workers" Sc.bedoled Castes ------_,;__------PERCEN ,------:-..A-SC ST Total I Total Population Population Population Literates to total Population Name of the Rural! r----.A..-----.., to total to total r-----.A..-----, District ITahsil Urban Persons Males Females population popUlation P M F ------_-_... _------2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ------_.------_ ~------Sagar District T ]3,23,]32 699,570 623,562 20.84 8.68 34.26 45.98 21.11 R 954,527 502,553 451,974 21.45 11.62 25.42 37.52 11.97 U 368,605 197,017 171,588 19.28 1.06 57.14 67.54 45.19 1 Khurai Tahsil T 3Dl,796 159,645 142,151 24.02 7.08 34.72 47.55 20.31 R 235,260 124,354 110,906 24.90 8.73 27.77 41.13 12.78 U 66,536 32,291 31,245 20.88 1.26 59.31 70.17 47.05 2 Banda Tahsil T 182,984 96,63 i 86,347 22.27 11.01 23.70 34.90 11.17 R 161,9l7 85,332 76,585 22.56 12. J 6 20.33 31.66 7.70 U 21,067 11,305 9,762 20.06 2.11 49.62 59.34 38.37 3 . Sagar Tahsil T 528,842 281,613 247,229 21.11 4.89 41.45 53.16 28.11 R 300,901 159.002 141,899 23· 56 7.96 28.31 41.10 14.11 T'.} 227,941 122,611 105,330 19.27 0.83 58.72 68.79 46 98 4 Rehli Tahsi I T 309,510 161,675 147,835 15.41 15.35 27.75 38.52 15.98 R 256,449 133,865 122,584 15.08 18.23 23.02 33.64 11.43 U 53,061 27,810 25.251 1~.00 1. 41 50.63 62.05 38.05 ------xxdii 10, Sebedllied Tribes Popuilltion in tbe District ~r;------'------.------TAGE ------._---"\ Main workers to total Marginal workers to Total workers to Non-workers to ,.---population__A-_---, total populati(\n total population total population r~-~-~ r---:---..A.-~ r----- .A..-__ -, P M F P M p' P M F p ----_-_._-_---_------M _._---F 11 12 13 14 15 16 i7 18 19 10 21 22 _____.. ______.. ______o ______ 34.75 51.15 16.34 4.91 0.98 9.32 39.66 52.14 25.66 60.34 47.36 74.34 36.69 53.41 18.10 5.89 l.IZ 11. 19 42.58 54.54 29.28 57.42 45.46 10.72 29.71 45.38 1 I. 71 2.38 o 63 4.39 32.09 46.01 16.11 67.91 53.99 83.89 31. 8 8 50.69 10.74 3.63 0.99 6.60 35.51 51.69 17.34 64.49 48.31 82.66 33.78 53.19 12.01 4,32 1.14 7.89 10.35 65.05 19.90 61.90 45.66 80 10 25.15 41.89 6.23 1. 20 0.47 2.02 26.34 42.36 8.25 13.66 57.64 91. 75 39.16 5.3,5~ 23.05 7.43 I. 28 14.::11 46.58 54.83 37.36 53.42 45.17 62.64 40.19 54.4t; 24.25 7.99 1. 37 15.38 4g.18 55.86 39.63 51.82 44.14 60.37 31.21 46.43 13.59 3.07 (1.59 5.94 34.29 47.02 19.53 65.71 52.98 80.47 34.21 49.59 '16.68 3.71 0,83 7.00 37.92 50.42 23.68 62.08 49.58 76.32 37.09 52.32 20.03 4.66 0.93 8.74 4 t. 75 53.24 28.87 58.25 46.76 71.13 30.40 40.06 12.17 2.46 0.70 4.51 32.86 46.76 16.68 67.14 53.24 83.32 35.86 52.88 17.24 6.72 1.07 12.89 42.57 53.93 30.13 57.43 46.05 69.87 36.69 54:24 17.52 7.43 1.18 14.26 44.12 55.41 31.79 55.88 44.59 611.21 31. 85 46.36 15.88 3.25 0.55 6.23 35.11 46.91 22.11 64.89 53.09 77'89 ------.-.----~----.-. xniv The above inset table gives data for SC and ST and lowest in the Khurai tahsil. Male participation population of the district together with the propor rate is more than thre-e times than that of female jn tion of each to the total population, total and sex the district as a whole. Though this ratio is 5: 1 in wise proportion of literates main and marginal Khurai tahsil at 1931 Census, the work participation workers and non-workers. Data relating to SC,ST rate has slightly improved upon 1971 census. and literacy have widely been discussed earHer. We could concentrate now in work force and participa According to 1981 Census among the main workers tion rate. in the district, there are 35.95% cultivators, 18.26% agriculture labourers, 22.69% engaged in HHI and 23.09 Literally, work may be defined as participation in engaged in other services. Evidently more than half economically productive activity. There has been some of the workers in the district are directly engaged in conc::ptional change for defining the worker at the agriculture persuits. It may be Qbserved that in urban 1981 census. A trichotomy of main worker, marginal areas, highest proporHon of male worken are enga workers has been adopted instead of the dichotomy ged in non-agricultural persuits. of workers and non-workers In 1971 and 1961. In 1961 census even part time workers Were treated as Out of the total workers 87.62% are main workers whereas in 1971 Census the part time workers workers. The proportion of main workers to the total Were totally excluded from workers. The resull was workers in case of males and Cema les is 98.11 & 63.68 that data regarding working force and work partici respectively. About 4.91% of the persons in the pation rate for 1961 and 1971 census was not compar district Were recorded as marginal workers, 0.98 able, 1981 Census has made an effort to collect data among· males and 9.32 among females. The high which may be comparable both to the 1961 and 1971 incidence of marginal·workers among females as census data. The main workers of 1981 census should compared to males is due to their engagement in compare favourably with 1971 data where. some economically productive activity to lend supp as ,main worken plus marginal workers ort to their mal)! counterparts. should compare with 1961 data. Those who have worked in any economic activity for major part of According to 1981 census, Sagar district has the year (183 days or more) as fll]! time workers have occupied top mOst rank among the 45 districts of tbe been tre~ted as main workers and those who have state having 22.69- ( 15.46 males and 48.90-: worked for less than 183 days have been treated as females) of its main workers engaged in the. sector marginal workers. of HHJ. It is also evident that there is prepondernace of females engaged in HRI. The most common 198 I Census recroded 34.75% of district popu lation as main workers. 4.91 ~~ as marginal workers HHI in which the females are engaged is Bidi-rotling. and remaining 60.34% as non-workers. Thus about two fifth of the population of district is economically The important feature of work participation rate is acti ve. The corresponding figures for the state as such tbat there is a shift of worke!s engaged in agriculture are 38.41,4.52 and 57.07 respectively. Thus the work to other sector. This is clear from the data of 1961. participation rate in the district is lower than the 1971 and 1981 ceOSUi. Aoothor important feature state average. The work participation rate is higher is that, the marginal vJorkers in 1981 is largo;:r in rural area than in urban areas and in amongest females than males. It is quite natura) males than farnales within the c!istrict. Participation because males are either full time workers or main rate recorded at 1981 census is highest (39.16%) in workers and very few marginal workers. Banda tahsil in respect of persons, males and fa.cnJes u MADHYA PRAD ESH TAHSIL KHURAI DISTRICT SAGAR 2 25' 5 f.l ~ '""EII .' ~, , ,~ , IKILO~£TI\U v \ 20' 20' Q o o I~ z 10' -t J REFERENCE J: BOUNOARY, STITE DISTRICT ..... TAHSIL VILLAGE WITH LOC!TION CODE NUMBER IL. _____IU JI HEAonUARTEiS TAHSIL. VILLAGES WITH POPULITION SIZE BELOW 200; 0 •••• 200-499; 500-999; 1000-4999; 5000 IABOVE UNINHABITED VILLIGES. x URBAN AREA WITH LOCmON CODE. ~ D NATIONAL HIGHW.>:f . .. -W!....,.. STITIHIGHWIY .. . . ____l!!_!!::_ s METALLED. ROAD. UNMETILLED ROIO. RAILWAY LINE WITH STITlON:BROID GAUGE ..... ~ RIVER AND STREAM . ....~ FOREST AREA. ... @ POST OFFICE/PoST AND TElEGRAPH oFm ... HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL Nm:t mm m~s SHOW~ ARE NOT CL~S5IFIED. POLICE STATION.. PS j VILLAG! WI)H lDUlI~N (CH HUMBER mil iKCLOOEDIHKHURAITm HOSPITAL, PRIMAR1 HEALTH CENTRE,DISPENSARV.. +,~,+ MARKET/HAT,MANDIES" • POSITION OF TAH~L BANDA IN DISTRICT SAGAR MADHYA PRADESH .~... j~ R (l \.,). /1, . je TAHSIL BANDA I: i )' \ ~'w s j KH!!l1 ~8~t DIS TRleT SAGAR ~J\ \' v' ~lf1t , I 0 , ,MILtS \f , • ,v , I', ~ mu 1'/ '\, V) ~ ~ \til ~ ~ ~m.n" \.1.1, .,."J. . 1.,'1 R!HII ) iJJ· I) ,J \ \, i 1. . ~'~'\..1..j () 14• o 24 MI~ES '-'-' I""!T""I" ~ ~I 2. 0 4' Kli.OMEl~es 'r 10 ~ ~ .4 i r y \) R .-¢ , '{ 0 ~ ~ " 10 : 10 ~ i(: REFERENCE J 10UNDARY, STlT£. . '''-,,_,,- Y DISTRICT. "._._,_ ill " 0 1A~SIL.,. .... -,_.- I " 7- " VILLAGE WITH LOCATION CODE NUMBER .. J~€~J ~ HEAoGUmERS. TAHSIL. .. @ I- .:i VILLAGES WITH POPULATION SIZE: BELOW 200, 0 200-499; 100-999; 1000-4999 ., ., UNINHABITED VILLAGES .. X \. URBAN AREA WITH LOCATION CODE \ 14• 0 STATE HIGHWAY... .. __SH_II_ I METALLED ROAD ... I "- _--- i ,A U UNMETAlLED ROAD .. ' .. , .::==:::::== RIVER AN~ STREAM . ... ~ \ FOREST AREA .. ~ e 1 '\ POST OFFICE I POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE pOlm S HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL Iy o\ POLICE STATION P5 PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE, DISPENSARY. . @.+ MATERNITV AND CHILO WELFARE CENTR!. $ .. MAIIKET IHAT, MANDI!I ... , &,6 ? MT[ \, foam Ams S~O~lI AR! NO! tlm~IEO ,/:, Viti t6~ lO(AlION (DDf NUMIER 111 IS NOT G ~ SKOWNIH1HIsm I © GOvr,OfINOIA COPVRIGHf,IG84 L MADHYA PRADE~H 24' 24' H 00' TAHSIL SAGAR 00' DISTRICT ~A~AR 2 I 0 2 4 eMllES ~.A ! D 2 I 0 2 4 6 B ~ILOM€TRES 50' o 50' J.. 'II U ~ REFERENCE 0I B~NOIRY 'OISTRICT, .... _,_,_,_ ~ TAH9L , , . IJILLAGE WITH LOCITION CODE NUMBER"" [~'~T_1 Hi,lDIlUAR1ERS: OISTRICT J TAHSIL", , @© VI(LAGES WITH POPULATION SIZE: BELOW 200, : 0 It" 2bo'499, 500'999, 1000'4999,5000 & ABOVE 40' UNINHABITEO VILLAGES", 40' URMN AREA WITH LOCATION CODE" rIf!j NAlIONAL HIGHWAY", ,.---liI:.l!..- " I POSITION OF TAHSIL SAGAilIN STllE HIGHWAY .. , __'H'_'_ DISTRICT SAGAR ~~jjUs D ME!lLLEO ROAD" ,...,..,...., Ii) .. KILot.IfTlU UNMETALLEO ROAD" ..... _------s RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION BROAD GAUGE '" ~" RIVERISTREItL ",::::::::::,..,< TANK §J FO~ES1 AREA, ~ PO IT OFFICE/POST AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE" ~/HO HIG~ER SECONDARY SCHOOL" I , POLICE STATION, , . NOrL;PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE; DISPENSARY, ~,i,+ N '111 I. VlllAGt lire llllliiN 1111 NU"BIRI 11,111,111 S E 1 AR! JR(mD ~! URIAN OU1·mm OF SAm IOWN MI RNltv AND CHILO WELFARE CENTRE""."", , I 23' R A I. VIII"1 1llllliH 1111 NU"BIAI mmllllRl '23' 30' "II INIIII" I"" "II, MAP,I£T! HAT; MINDIES, ,,!&,/::' 30' 1. FORm w~s mWH ARt Nor (lASSlfl!D ii I nil :1 It· • I • @ :::11 II LJ· ' III: • II a 0, 1 ------s------f1lTifl1f ifiTw ~l f1l0011 ifi'. if~iI. r---..A----.... ,----A--____ 197} 198) 1971 1981 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 ------._ --_----_----- iT'iiTt 437 437 2 areTt)~r 544 544 27 ~' 33 ;R;<'I"T ~ 292 292 34 lfi;;rifT~' 275 275 35 ifi' 22 ~(f~' 396 402 51 ~1'l~1: 281 200 23 '3'1'f~f 493 491 52 'Ii~;:r;;r,,~ 398 397 24 'Z3"1'ffl:lil 33 33 53 'Ii~lir ~<: 283 282 25 ~<:'tifl 271 271 54 ifi~1J1 1'lT'fif -534 535 26 '3'4Illf4T 559 559 55 "fi"~T~r 119 HI 2 I!(vj'lPfT~m~ '.1T,,1 ~1 ~I ------_._-----_------IA .,. Ij;f ;rl" ~,";fi~ 1!iTt ;rq1: !PI 11'11' 1!il ;;j1! f~ 'lift ;r1'i!1: ... , r-~-...A-----.. {{illl r---..A..---") 1971 1 ~81 1971 U81 _------_._--- --_._------1 2 3 4 2 3 4 ------~---- _- ---.,-----~-- 1Oil ~'f ~~T"" 56 if,i'£l.I3i'lJ 104 104 92 fl9'f<:'fT "{I'I'fiJ1T 2S8 287 57 1!iT'J!1:lIs! 554 554 9-' rl1If-l:!f! ;{litat 12 13 94 fig f~ eroi '" "T~flT1: V1J11 !fil 'it.' ------_------_----._- 'l!il{ VIIf IliT '"II f'll~rlf~)W ~ !IiIf liT'!' IIi1 iIT1I f'lr.i\'lr ifit. ~~ q.lI! ,.....--A--____ nlfl ,----.A--_____ 1971 198) 1971 1981 ------2 3 4 2 3 4 -----_------_------__ .... _------_------ J 011 ~~f "~,~ 353 128 rrl1, 357 158 W 163 "fIf ~ 186 ni~r 505 504 I 156 om; 3TTlTTl;f)~ 71 71 'l~or') 506 SOc. 157 ~i!i ~'1~T 391 387 187 4 qGlIJIi"T~ffn VT'" 'ii) 'Jlifl ------.----~------.--- ~ ~;ft!f !fiR ;w.r~ 'I!1r u(l;fil.r !fir. ;HeR .. "II IIa i'(lll Ii '" iii' ;:rIll ,--__ ..A.. __ --., Ii.. r---.A.._-..... 8ijfJ 1971 1981 1971 1981 ------_ -_ .. _------_._------I ) 3 4 2 3 4 _._ ... ------.... -- .-~------._- ._----_._-_.---- - 10/1 ~t ~~)\;J J26 126 tRR i:!" 91 91 221 !foHlU 222 !1'fTl:T 329 329 IR9 ~HT 46 45 223 ~'fTl:' 54 6t 190 ~tGf~' 486 486 224 !1'fRf 16S 166 191 fiiFT 225 22S 225 !PlT<:1 I23 123 192 ril1'{~i 507 502 226 !;T'fR' 330 330 1'9-3 ~1Rr.tt 59 53 234 221 'Il1J'fT 17 17 194 ~t~1!' 234 228 50 49 195 ilJTIr 314 220 er{ ,,!"[,Ii 169 170 25-5 Cl{r.~t 314 5 qui ~ "l~fil{ Vl'il ~1 't(~) ------.---~ .. ------.. -- IJIill" 111'1 If" ifni ~'lI 10/1 ~~f ll~~j~ 256 I{c:!jaTT 552 552 295 q.'rlf<: flifr!fT 422 423 257 qc,!,~ 56 56 296 qaj'li"T~"" '11,,1 ifi) ~.. ) ------a ~;ftll' m ~ II 'f;' ~TII Il'" "" ~'" 'I,'" 'If nll;fur 'fiT. il'l'iI~ !i~, r---..A- ---~ ~ill' r---...A...-----, 1971 1981 1971 USI ------2 3 4 2 3 4 ------._------_. lOp ~~f t'f~~'h=r 329 ;:;p::Tf~l1'r ifi"fl 498 498 368 ~o1!1f "~"11: Vl'il 'fiT ~'i1) ------_.---'"'------~------'lUl' 11"1''' ~, ~ ~,;:fTII~r. ;if~' !fill {jIll' .., iff1I ~r.t\'. m 1f~ Q,lll ,..---.A.--__, a'illl ,--__..A.. __--, 197 J 198 J 1971 1981 ------2 3 4 2 3 4 ----.--~ ------.. -_ --_------_- 1 Of 1 ~~~ (f~"'" 403 "ftRll'r 209 209 442 ,!f~l t&rT 88 i!8 404 IftP:T 440 44: 443 ,!f~T 'liTril" 469 4(i9 405 "'!.« 418 418 444 ,!<:QI1fT 87 84 406 "~1:r 515 511 445 tj"_f~!fT~~T 158 159 407 ~T 194 193 446 ,!i[~T ~ 410 q~1f 1fTl:J~ 431 431 449 '!.i.l:~T '!;"!;f 540 539 521 411 lf~1f'" qT~ 521 450 "W'lT ~~q 249 249 412 ".lIT 'fT'lit 428 427 451 ~~r 1!~if;Jf 216 215 285 413 'ff~ f~~'" 290 452 ~i[HfT 189 189 414 1ll{<:T 277 277 453 l{i[HfT 152 150 415 ~U 401 396 454 l!~ft 297 297 194 416 ~i{T ~iQr ... 192 455 1l~<:1 129 125 102 417 lfi{3i 103 456 Il~U 470 470 41X lI'fll({T 61 59 457 lfPI ,6'9 (,3 419 1lf<'l'ltT 9G 96 458 if1f 'f"'IIi':n~"T,{ Vl") Ifi) ~.) ------:------~------.--- .'1 .'11 Ifil ilJII t'lII1iflll ~ ~ 'l[ll II T" Ifil ;JIll nrr;RlI ~ ;nil"( ..A.. __""""'\ lim r---...A.. ----,., ~~, r-__ 1971 1981 1971 1981 -----_------~------2 3 4 2 3 4 ___- ______o ______._------_ ------ 1011 ~d R~l:l'T~ 479 ~~~r 20 29 511 ~r"!;~"{ 476 476 4RO ~Tf' 303 30~ 512 ful'JT[l: 325 324 481 ~T;r I(r~ 529 529 513 f!Jllf"{1fr ;rill 518 518 482 ~iti{ -('f6 528 528 514 fIJllf"1:lfr 'Eft;: 323 323 483 ~;:n 15t 152 515 f!Jllf"1:lfr 'ift 489 ;;r6:~'ml 30 30 5B fi)~f{Hr 374 381 490 i;fllG 505 f!i1!J~ 514 515 541 ~~'f;F') 233 2J~ 506 u<:~') 237 239 542 i1:~IfT 520 523 507 ~W<1) 5~ 57 543 ~1I';:r ~n:r 488 489 f!;;r)';:rr 50S 32 32 544 ll;r'lffi q&I~r 't!f<:f 489 490 509 ~flf);r') 536 534 545 i1:'flaT 495 494 SJ(} l:iTIi'!~ 13(; 140 546 iI'I)m 256 256 9 Iq-\ "''fl~~U~ Ql'fl It:! ~.; ----_ ------_.-_------_._. ----~ --_------'Ii~ ClTII' ~, ;rr1I Nf;f'II'~~ 'iiII' If'" ~ lIT11 f'fT;:ff1l m if;•• ",crl r---.A-----, flltf r----..A------, 1971 1981 1971 1981 ------2 4 2 3 4 '------_._------__ .. _------~ LO 11 ,!~f ~~~1{:1' 547 El:~'1'T 255 255 554 il:1~'n 49 51 548 ii:1:~1: 140 137 555 %;:;:ft~ 41 41 549 1I"1::~1Z 38 J 374 556 f~RtGT 494 496 550 ~;f~~ 240 238 557 f~1:lI f~'1f 362 362 551 ~~a; 191 191 558 f~1:if rnqT 165 160 552 55 ~ffi<;r,,~) 57 559 ~tf?:) 159 158 553 ~t~'l"f 117 117 1 0/2 .~T ~~"'"\=f if 15 lIiOf1:TH 150 150 iTlf':T -t{ 175 175 16 '!i1fT1:T 89 89 2 iT~T iif~ q~ 176 176 17 1Ii'~'I'T 2H 275 3 STGT!{if 143 143 18 ~~T'U 92 92 4 W 12 -:a-;;ril'it 122 122 13 ;n;~1I 63 63 35 ~1:r f~~T -66 66 36 V3(U 'Il~ 238 23& ~) 37 Ii:;r~r 278 278 14 1IfT"f~ 239 239 3R ~mT I!i{{T 230 236 10 l!foT'lIi"T~"Tt Vtil) /fil 'i{'if I ------._ ------~------Ilia If,a IIIif ;nlil ~I('t;ftlf m ;'{q'{ 'f,i! II fir !lIl ;;1l1 ,--__ A __-, f~;fi!l' "'1;1 ;;HI't ,--__ ".A_ __~ SM. ~1I1 1971 1981 1971 1981 ~------.------~------1 2 J 4 2 3 4 ------_. __ --.------. ------__ -----_.. 10/'2 tn~Jft;;r 31) "fi!I'l:f , 54 ,!'n\1~U 284 284 55 ~!f'T ~ 9'1 ::ifrit -{i:t(:f 34 ~4 60 Ilfe,~ 1 ~8 ~87 92 :ifl'f."FT 22 22 61 ,,{,Tel I 1 9J ;;rT;;rl'f~'1; 219 21'> 6'2 .{Jq·u 302 ::02 94 '3fTt11~ 139 139 95 ;;f'Tr<; 6-1 'if"~orn 65 65 "fiffi 'l),r'fi~1 1290 129 65 97 ~:ST;;r, 138 13& 66 'I"'!i'~"'Rf,!" 229- 229 98 IHI'T,r 246 246 'I'fif.r'frft, 298 298 67 'J9 m~t 3 ). liX 'q"ff,''I''tlo:rot 134 134 (i') "fiffi \lt7([1 ~IT T 75· 75 ~ 7(1. .;r"'fi~ 242 242 71 "f'f;Y;~~ 196 196 100 onflflfl 72 72 72 'lJrfrft fif;l'fil 58 58: rOl i~I"J 270 ::>70 11 Cfui""'~"H v,,,l 'fil ~.l ------_.. _------_------~ IITII iii' ------~-- 2 3 4 2 3 4 -----_------' ------ 1 (1 12 ;t~, "t!:fI'~ , 126 "1l'T1i~T lfrq:;T 226 226 127 ;rFrlf>~' 187 186 128 ijT~lf3i 267 102 ~lfT 140 140 267 129 fifcrr 107 ,i, 29 29 135 '1'T'T 281 281 136 'l~ I 4 ~ <{TG;r 78 73 116 a:or'«l'$' 225 225 149 qTG<:T 'freT 291 291 117 ~i'f"l'T~ 193 193 150 'l1G-a- 212 212 151 'll .tilfi~T~«n VTlI) 't:t ~~"T ------_------_... _,----_ --- tEll ,,,,;fill m .._------.-~------~-- ---_-- } :1 3 4 2 3 4 -----_._---_.-----_._ -.-- _--_ _ _ •• ______• _H __._ • __ •• __ •••• >._---_._--"_-_---_--- 10/2 0(&, "e!'!I'''' 20 0 nFrT'I'lil 77 77 163 q;~~<: lfror'l~r~.:) 11 11 201 f,p~I~I>:: 191 191 164 'fi<:f~111i ~'<;fc\n 12 12 202 filf<'T'l'fi 198 198 165 'li;;l'mr ] 82 H2 203 f ;f 204 fiT"')'H 2 6 256 205 .fr<'ffIJTIl 19() 19() Hili ;.r~~f 108 108 206 1 213 167 a:'TitU:f 135 135 ~ E'lG'f'llf "t~~t~ v"" 'fiT 'i1:a) ------.------.------.------'lIilf llllf llil ifnI ~lJ)lf!fiR ~1 Q liN 11>1 if"' t=v~ 1Ji). ;rJlf1 . rtlillf ,..----"-----, ~1I1 ,..---..1>-----, 1971 1981 1971 1981 -~- ~- ----.------.------~------2 3 4 2 3 4 ------.------.~.------__ ._------ 10/2 l~n ('f~1'~ 235 ~?TU ~;ft f~rfr 285 285 237 ,!f~T 113 113 ~ 238 ~<'fr 228 228 266 ~IfTtT 18 18 239 Ill'fi;;nrn; 271 271 267 ~)fuu 32 32 240 q:t~if~n 179 179 268 U"fq,!~T t 3 13 241 qf~T-a 1.95 195 269 ~<'fliT 'f1Oft 8 8 270 ~;;fljl ~ 296 ~2:T ~i ·05 s 297 ~1fTiH 'lG~ 93 93 298 lJ: ~;filf m ;:r;tf~ v nl ifil iflll ~1I(TifiIf "'~ if;41~ r---..J.----., r--_..A..---, 1971 1981 1971 1981 2 3 4 2 3 4 ------:-0.------ 300 ~~ 10/3 "'ltl"<: "~"'T~ t25 124 t -----_------.------~1;j"1~ ltiN 11;111 If,lI ~ __ ...A--_-.. r---..A..----.. 1971 198) 1971 1981 ------2 3 4 3 4 ------_-.. ------ 84 50 50 48 ~nft 325 323 .f~~T ~~ 190 >iTU 'lilir 176 174 49 'ti,!lllfiI 193 115 23 497 SO if;~T;j"T 23 !l6 li;;ru 'lrq;r 501 187 51 if; I!f"""r~~t~ 'lUfT If.T «-) ------1111 Itll IIir 11111 ",,;ftlJ .m ~ 'IfolI Uf1f If>f otTI! ~",,;fuJ ~ ;mr~ ftltJ r---..)....----.. \l~1 ,-----..)...._--. 1911 1981 1971 1981 ~------1 2 3 4 2 3 4 ------_---_- 10/3 mtT~ ~~~ffi tt2 ll~ 152 :;fa~<:l 465 463 us ~r'l' H9 I![T;jl 20S 203 153 ;;i"_~ 372 368 154 120. 'f!i~G:1 S3 53 :;f~ifT~r 341 337 155 i<:T 225 223 121 '_'Ef<: 167 16> 1 ')9 156 ~ ~~lfa:; 399 391 132. 257 179 163 1!"~<:T ~') 259 133 'ifi~T I!(ct'lf "1~~1~ Vlq'l ., ~l ------_------.... -- 'IIi1f liT" iii' ;:n1I ~l""tzr I!iR iI+., 'li1l Inll' ~ ifA ~..nll "fit. ,,~ .. !!',zrl r---.A.--","", Riff r---.A.-----... 1971 1981 1971 1981 ------.------2 3 4 2 3 4 ------_------._------_------ lO/3 ~nq~ ~i!al~ 178 6I<'Tl!Cfl;;T 102 101 179 6t<;f",') 160 157 180 f 234 'lr~"! 377 375 198 "I"{ 204 "Ir<::T~ 100 99 241 fqqf<:!ll' 164 162 205 f;:ra-,1 133 132 242 f'l