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Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust Ramanathapuram - 623 501, Tamilnadu

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Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust Ramanathapuram - 623 501, Tamilnadu Govt. of India Project on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve’s Coastal Biodiversity National Research and Monitoring Moderation Workshop Compilation of Research Papers Volume I V.K. Melkani V. Naganathan R. Uma Maheswari Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust Ramanathapuram - 623 501, Tamilnadu December 2006 Citation: V.K. Melkani, V. Naganathan and R. Uma maheswarai 2006. Compilation of Research papers, National Research & Monitoring Moderation Workshop, 15 - 16th, Dec. Madurai. This publication has no commercial value. It is for circulation only. December 2006 Sponsored by Global Environment Facility and United Nations Developmental Programme New Delhi Edited and Published by Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust Ramanathapuram - 623 501, Tamil nadu, India Editor’s Address V.K. Melkani, V. Naganathan, R. Uma maheswari Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust 366, Solaikili Towers, Vandikara Street, Ramanathapuram - 623 501, Tamil Nadu, India. Ph: 04567 – 226 335, Fax: 04567 - 229 228, E-mail: [email protected] Authors are exclusively responsible for the content of their manuscripts, including appropriate citations and for obtaining necessary prior permission from the original publisher for reproduc- tion of figures, tables and text (in whole or in part) from previous publications. Publishers and editors do not accept any legal responsibility for errors, omissions, and copyright violations of authors and claims of whatsoever. Cover page design by M. Mohamed Farook, GOMBRT. Front cover 1 2 34 1. Coral reef of Gulf of Mannar (Acropora spp.) - Photo credit SDMRI, Tuticorin 2. Green Turtle - Photo credit Mr. Karthik Shanker ATREE 3. Pamban boat yard - Photo credit V. Naganathan 4. Thermal Powerstation - - do - Back cover - Island view of Hare Island, Gulf of Mannar Typeset & Printed at Rehana Offset Printers, Srivilliputtur - 626 125, Virudhunagar District, Ph: 04563 – 260 383 CONTENTS 1. Bibliography of Gulf of Mannar – Executive summary A.K. Kumaraguru 1 2. Conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity of Gulf of Mannar region - research and monitoring issues, priorities and future perspectives V.K. Melkani 6 3. Status, Problem and management strategies in Gulf of Mannar Coral reefs S. Baskara Sanjeevi, S. Ajmal Khan & T. Balasubramanian. 11 4. Research Need for Gulf of Mannar. S. Ajmal Khan, N.Rajendran and T.Balasubramanian 22 5. Status of Gulf of Mannar Coral reefs, India. K.Venkataraman and K.P. Raghuram. 29 6. Coral mining – A Bygone threat to Gulf of Mannar V. Naganathan and S. Ramesh 36 7. Role of Mangroves In Coastal Protection, Fishery Productivity And Resilience of Reefs In The Gulf Of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve Dr. K. Kathiresan 43 8. Present Status on Conservation and management of mangrove habitats in the islands of Gulf of Mannar Region, Tamilnadu P.Nammalwar and Dr. R.Ramesh 48 9. An account on the marine sponges of Gulf of Mannar Anita G. Mary and S.Lazarus 56 10. Studies on Marine Reptiles, Shore Birds and Sustainable Tourism in Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve - A perspective V.Kalaiarasan, J.Murali, S.Anand 62 11. Conservation of Marine Ornamental Fishery Resources along Gulf of Mannar through Aquaculture, S. Rajagopal and Dhanya Sethunarayanan 64 12. Coastal ecosystem restoration and bio-resource conservation J.K. Patterson Edward 72 13. Sea Turtles in Gulf of Mannar A. Murugan 75 14. Seahorses in Gulf of Mannar A. Murugan 77 Contents continued... 15. Environmental quality assessment of Gulf of Mannar Coast A.K. Kumaraguru 79 16. Marine Resources used in Pharmaceutical and nutracuetical applications: Problems and Conservation needs A.P. Lipton 85 17. Conservation Neeeds for The Coastal Bird Habitats of Gulf of Mannar S. Balachandran 88 18. Monitoring Gulf of Mannar coastal ecosystem through Remote sensing and Gis withhigher resolution satellite data 92 R. Uma Maheswari 19. Marine resource management through people participation: V. Naganathan 97 20 Participatory management of biological resources for conservation and livelihood security of coastal fishers in the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve M. Vijayakumaran, G. Dharani, N. V. Vinith Kumar and R. Venkatesan 102 21. Biodiversity studies by ierse using underwater equipments S. Lazarus and Anita G. Mary 107 22. Potential Bird Habitats of Gulf of Mannar coast – A study report V. Naganathan, S. Chandrasekaran; Dr.G. Christopher 110 VISHWANATH SHEGAONKAR, I.A.S., Environment & Forests Department SECRETARY TO GOVERNMENT Secretariat, Chennai - 600 009 Ph. : (O) 044-25671511 Fax : 044-25670560 E-mail : [email protected] PREFACE Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust is co-coordinating implementation of GEF-UNDP project on “Conservation and Sustainable Use of Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve’s Coastal Bio-diversity”. This is a pioneering and unique initiative of the government of Tamil Nadu with objectives to integrate bio-diversity conservation and sustainable utilization of resources in the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve area through meaningful co-ordination and support from various stake holders and to secure local community support for conservation through awareness, capacity building and providing alternative livelihoods. The Gulf of Mannar is no doubt a biologically rich area. Today the threats to its richness are increasing at faster rates which need to be controlled through an integrated management approach with support from all the stakeholders. In order to understand the richness and the problem profile of the area the Trust has bought out a detailed bibliography on scientific information on the Gulf of Mannar through active involvement of the centre for marine and coastal studies, Madurai Kamaraj University recently. The research work done by various individuals and institutions in the area has now been well documented. Based on the outcome of this documentation the Trust is now organizing a National Research Monitoring and Moderation workshop on 15th - 16th Dec. ‘06 at Madurai where distinguished scientists, experts other stakeholders will gather to deliberate on various issues on Research and Monitoring in the Gulf of Mannar region and jointly develop programmes and activities for field action by next year. The Trust has also compiled some research papers as a publication for use in this workshop wherein the future perspective of research, monitoring and management of this area are covered. The Trust Director and his team deserve appreciation for this effort. I wish the workshop all success. (Vishwanath Shegaonkar) i C.K. SREEDHARAN, I.F.S. #1, Jeenis Road, Panagal Building Principal Chief Conservator of Forests Saidapet, Chennai – 600 015 Tel : 044 – 2434 8059 (O) : 044 – 2441 2062 (R) Fax : 044 – 2433 7307 Email : [email protected] MESSAGE Conservation and sustainable use of coastal and marine resources is very important for security and well being of coastal communities. Coastal and marine ecosystem are extremely diverse and complex as well as highly sensitive to disturbances and threats which are continuously on increase due to growing populations and their need clubbed with fast growing economies. The Gulf of Mannar Region in South east coast of Tamil Nadu is equally under threat as many other parts of the Country. A new initiative for integrated conservation of this area with full involvement of local communities is being made in a collaborative project of GEF, UNDP, GoI and GoTN. In order to minimize and control the threats it is necessary to understand about the richness of the resources and the profiles of the threats so that the management interventions can be developed and implemented for enhanced conservation and sustainable use of the resources. As a first step Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust has bought out a detailed bibliography on the scientific information on the Gulf of Mannar which is of much use to the scientists, researchers, managers and the other agencies involved in the Gulf of Mannar area. I am glad to learn that the Trust is organizing a two day workshop at Madurai in order to deliberate on various issues related to priority areas and options for research and monitoring activities in the area and releasing a publication on compilation of some research papers focusing on the future perspective of biological, ecological and environmental research and monitoring activities in this area. I hope that scientists, experts and other stake holders will utilize this opportunity and provide inputs towards developing workable, short term and long term programmes on research and monitoring aspects in the Gulf of Mannar Region. I wish to extend my greeting to all the participants and wish the workshop all success. (C.K. SREEDHARAN) ii Dr. SUKHDEV, IFS., #1, Jeenis Road, Panagal Building Principal Chief Conservator of Forests & Saidapet, Chief Wildlife Warden Chennai – 600 015 Tel : 044 – 2432 1738 (O) : 044 – 2230 1501 (R) MESSAGE Once a biological paradise, the Gulf of Mannar Region in south-east coast of Tamil Nadu is currently encountering a variety of threats which are robbing the richness of this area. Sincere and committed action on part of all the stakeholders and local communities is necessary to control and curb the threats and to use the resources judiciously so that the glamour, beauty and richness of the area is maintained on a sustainable basis. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve Trust has made sincere beginning under the GEF-UNDP Project to secure coordination, cooperation the support of all stake holders towards achieving conservation and sustainable utilization
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