DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Ecology Progress Series 382:265

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Ecology Progress Series 382:265 Vol. 382: 265–278, 2009 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 30 doi: 10.3354/meps07955 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN Contribution to the Theme Section ‘Large-scale studies of the European benthos: the MacroBen database’ ACCESSCCESS Biological geography of the European seas: results from the MacroBen database C. Arvanitidis1,*, P. J. Somerfield, H. Rumohr, S. Faulwetter, V. Valavanis, A. Vasileiadou, G. Chatzigeorgiou, E. Vanden Berghe, J. Vanaverbeke, C. Labrune, A.Grémare, M. L. Zettler, M. Ke˛dra, M. W8odarska-Kowalczuk, I. F. Aleffi, J. M. Amouroux, N. Anisimova, G. Bachelet, M. Büntzow, S. J. Cochrane, M. J. Costello, J. Craeymeersch, S. Dahle, S. Degraer, S. Denisenko, C. Dounas, G. Duineveld, C. Emblow, V. Escavarage, M. C. Fabri, D. Fleischer, J. S. Gray, C. H. R. Heip, M. Herrmann, H. Hummel, U. Janas, I. Karakassis, M. A. Kendall, P. Kingston, L. Kotwicki, J. Laudien, A. S. Y. Mackie, E. L. Nevrova, A. Occhipinti-Ambrogi, P. G. Oliver, F. Olsgard, R. Palerud, A. Petrov, E. Rachor, N. K. Revkov, A. Rose, R. Sardá, W. C. H. Sistermans, J. Speybroeck, G. Van Hoey, M. Vincx, P. Whomersley, W. Willems, A. Zenetos 1Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics, and Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, PO Box 2214, Heraklion 71003, Greece ABSTRACT: This study examines whether or not biogeographical and/or managerial divisions across the European seas can be validated using soft-bottom macrobenthic community data. The faunal groups used were: all macrobenthos groups, polychaetes, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, sipun- culans and the last 5 groups combined. In order to test the discriminating power of these groups, 3 criteria were used: (1) proximity, which refers to the expected closer faunal resemblance of adjacent areas relative to more distant ones; (2) randomness, which in the present context is a measure of the degree to which the inventories of the various sectors, provinces or regions may in each case be con- sidered as a random sample of the inventory of the next largest province or region in a hierarchy of geographic scales; and (3) differentiation, which provides a measure of the uniqueness of the pattern. Results show that only polychaetes fulfill all 3 criteria and that the only marine biogeographic system supported by the analyses is the one proposed by Longhurst (1998). Energy fluxes and other interac- tions between the planktonic and benthic domains, acting over evolutionary time scales, can be asso- ciated with the multivariate pattern derived from the macrobenthos datasets. Third-stage multi- dimensional scaling ordination reveals that polychaetes produce a unique pattern when all systems are under consideration. Average island distance from the nearest coast, number of islands and the island surface area were the geographic variables best correlated with the community patterns pro- duced by polychaetes. Biogeographic patterns suggest a vicariance model dominating over the founder-dispersal model except for the semi-closed regional seas, where a model substantially mod- ified from the second option could be supported. KEY WORDS: Marine biodiversity · Biogeography · Macrobenthos · Polychaetes · Europe Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION (e.g. Croizat 1958, MacArthur & Wilson 1967, Heads 2005). By integrating knowledge from the disciplines Biogeography is useful for identifying patterns of of ecology and taxonomy, biogeography is equipped to biological diversity and mechanisms (e.g. vicariance play a central role in exploring the relationship vs. founder-dispersal), determining their occurrence between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning on many scales, from local to continental or even larger through identifying large-scale background patterns *Email: [email protected] © Inter-Research 2009 · www.int-res.com Addresses for other authors are given in the Electronic Appen- dix at www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/m382p221_app.pdf 266 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 382: 265–278, 2009 against which some of the hypotheses formulated in safeguarding of human health and for the sustainable the context of the proposed relationships (e.g. Solan et use of resources. Into this category fall the systems sug- al. 2004, Raffaelli 2006) can be tested. Large-scale gested by the Oslo-Paris Commission (OSPAR 2003) for approaches are particularly useful for European Union the European seas and by the Helsinki Commission policies, which usually have to be implemented on (www.helcom.fi, HELCOM 2007), for the Baltic Sea. On scales larger than the ecosystem. Examples include the a larger scale, the International Council for the Explo- Common Fisheries Policy (Berg 1999) and the Com- ration of the Seas (ICES) (www.ices.dk/abouts/icesareas. mon Environmental Policy (McCormick 2001). asp, Rozwadowski 2002) has adopted a grid of rectangles Large-scale biodiversity patterns are the central for the reporting of the catch data of commercially im- issue in Theme 1 of the European Network of Excel- portant species. Finally, the International Hydrographic lence on marine biodiversity, Marine Biodiversity and Organization (IHO 1953), actively engaging all inter- Ecosystem Functioning (MarBEF) (www.marbef.org). ested states to improve maritime safety and efficiency A suite of (bio)geographic systems dividing the seas of in support of the protection and sustainable use of the globe into sectors, regions and provinces has been the marine environment, divides the world seas into proposed by various scientists and by several regula- sectors according to their physical characteristics. tory organizations. These systems can be divided into 2 Until recently, most scientific efforts to explain pat- broad categories if one takes into account the basis on terns of multi-species distributions were, with very few which they have been proposed. exceptions — such as Ekman (1967), Fredj (1974), Por (1) Systems proposed largely on the basis of empiri- (1989), and Longhurst (1998) — directed towards the cal relationships between the distribution of taxa and experts’ favoured taxon. For example, the provinces of environmental (geological, hydrographical, physical) Briggs (1995) were primarily defined using fish species variables. Into this category fall systems such as those distributions, those of Pierrot-Bults & Nair (1991) using proposed by Ekman (1967) and by Fredj (1974). Ekman chaetognaths, whereas Van Soest & Hajdu (1997) used (1967) summarized the knowledge on the distribution sponges, Glasby (2005) used polychaetes, and Deprez and reproductive physiology of individual species and (2006) used hyperbenthic mysids. However, even in tried to integrate this information with the hydro- the studies using multi-taxon distributions, rigorous graphy of the regions. The study used information on hypothesis testing to validate findings has rarely been both planktonic and benthic species, such as cnidari- attempted. ans, crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, echinoderms, The objective of the present study was to test the chordates, nemerteans, rotifers and bryozoans, and validity of the proposed systems for the division of the considered that temperature was the main factor in European seas based on soft-bottom macrobenthic influencing multi-species distributions, in association community data, an important component of the ben- with salinity and depth. Nevertheless, he did not at- thic ecosystem, against pre-determined criteria. The tempt to set the limits of the provinces and sectors he patterns so derived can serve as background informa- proposed. Fredj (1974) focused on the influence of tion for further testing of hypotheses concerning links depth on benthic communities, rather than individual between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. species, and set geographic limits to the provinces defined by Ekman (1967). The large marine eco- systems (LME) concept of Sherman (1992), which DATA AND METHODS divides the oceans into relatively large regions (ca. 200 000 km2) characterized by bathymetry, hydrogra- Biogeographic systems. The system of Longhurst phy, productivity, and trophic groups, is another exam- (1998) was tested both as originally defined and in a ple of the systems included in this category. In addi- slightly modified version by excluding the Baltic and tion, Longhurst (1998) suggested a division of the seas Black Seas from their corresponding provinces of the based on the oceanographic characteristics of large Northeast Atlantic continental shelves and the Medi- water masses and their associated plankton com- terranean Sea, respectively, and treating them as sep- munities. Finally, Por (1989) proposed a division of the arate regional seas. The same modification was also Mediterranean and Black Sea region into sectors followed in the case of the systems used by OSPAR, based on relationships between geological formations, while in the case of the ICES rectangles, the Mediter- hydrographic and physical/chemical variables and ranean and the Black Seas were taken as separate faunal distributions. provinces, since ICES does not include these 2 regional (2) Systems that, at least implicitly, acknowledge a seas. This modification to the biogeographic provinces political as well as a scientific dimension to the setting of was made in order to emphasize the distinctive nature geographical boundaries aimed at promoting the conser- of the above sea areas when characterized, for exam- vation and protection of the marine environment, for the ple, according to salinity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (2012)
    FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee Federal Geographic Data Committee June, 2012 Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Need ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Application ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Relationship to Previous FGDC Standards .............................................................. 4 1.6 Development Procedures ......................................................................................... 5 1.7 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................... 7 1.7.1 Build a Scientifically Sound Ecological Classification .................................... 7 1.7.2 Meet the Needs of a Wide Range of Users ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ctenophore Relationships and Their Placement As the Sister Group to All Other Animals
    ARTICLES DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3 Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals Nathan V. Whelan 1,2*, Kevin M. Kocot3, Tatiana P. Moroz4, Krishanu Mukherjee4, Peter Williams4, Gustav Paulay5, Leonid L. Moroz 4,6* and Kenneth M. Halanych 1* Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propul- sion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved. Here, using 27 newly sequenced ctenophore transcriptomes, publicly available data and methods to control systematic error, we establish the placement of Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and refine the phylogenetic relationships within ctenophores. Molecular clock analyses suggest modern ctenophore diversity originated approximately 350 million years ago ± 88 million years, conflicting with previous hypotheses, which suggest it originated approximately 65 million years ago. We recover Euplokamis dunlapae—a species with striated muscles—as the sister lineage to other sampled ctenophores. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that the most recent common ancestor of extant ctenophores was pelagic, possessed tentacles, was bio- luminescent and did not have separate sexes. Our results imply at least two transitions from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle within Ctenophora, suggesting that such transitions were more common in animal diversification than previously thought. tenophores, or comb jellies, have successfully colonized from species across most of the known phylogenetic diversity of nearly every marine environment and can be key species in Ctenophora.
    [Show full text]
  • Bothnian Bay Coastal Meadows Management Project
    EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION LANDSCAPE AWARD OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 7th Session – 2020-2021 APPLICATION FORM Council of Europe – European Landscape Convention Presentation The European Landscape Convention aims to promote the protection, management and planning of landscapes and to bring together European co-operation in this field. It is the first international treaty exclusively devoted to all dimensions of European landscape. Taking into account the landscape, natural and cultural values of the territory, it contributes to promoting the quality of life and well-being of Europeans. The Resolution on the Rules governing the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe, adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 20 February 2008 at the 1018th meeting of the Ministers’ Deputies, draws attention to the fact that Article 11 of the Convention institutes the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe and that it is in keeping with the work carried out by the Council of Europe concerning human rights, democracy and sustainable development. It effectively promotes the territorial dimension of human rights and democracy by acknowledging the importance of measures taken to improve the landscape for people’s living conditions. Opened to the Parties to the Convention, the Award is intended to raise civil society’s awareness of the value of landscapes, of their role and of changes to them. Its objective is to reward exemplary practical initiatives aimed at successful landscape quality objectives on the territories of the Parties to the Convention. The Award is conferred every two years and the files presenting applications must reach the Secretariat General of the Council of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Features of Formation of Reefs and Macrobenthos Communities in the an Thoi Archipelago the Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea)
    id7363687 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com EEnnvviirroonnImSmSN : e0e97nn4 - 7tt45aa1 ll SSccViioleeumnne 8 Iccssuee 8 An Indian Journal Current Research Paper ESAIJ, 8(8), 2013 [297-307] Features of formation of reefs and macrobenthos communities in the An Thoi archipelago the Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea) Yuri Ya.Latypov A.V.Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern BranchRussian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690059, (RUSSIA) E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Macrobenthos communities studied on fringing reefs of the AnThoj Coral; archipelago using SCUBA-diving equipment. The islands are located in Reef; the turbid and highly eutrophic waters of the eastern Gulf of Thailand. We Macrobenthos; researched species composition and settlements densities and biomasses Community; in common species of algae, coelenterates, mollusks and echinoderms, as AnThoi archipelago; well as the degree of substrate coverage by macrophytes and coral. Clear Vietnam. vertical zonation identified in the change of the various communities in macrobenthos. The dominance of massive Porites on almost all reefs of the Gulf of Thailand is due to their ability to survive in stressful for many corals. They predominate over other scleractinian for the productivity of organic matter, the degree of substrate coverage and species diversity. They also constitute the reef skeleton and play a significant role of the expansion of its area in themuddy bottom of the Gulf of Thailand. 2013 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION phological zoning and developed powerful reef depos- its, common in structural reefs of the Indo- Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of the Fish and Macrobenthos Along the Sand Island Ocean Outfall Using Remote Video: Vi
    HANAU-S-96-002 C2 AN ANALYSIS OF THE FISH AND MACROBENTHOS ALONG THE SAND ISLAND OCEAN OUTFALL USING REMOTE VIDEO: VI. 1995 DATA Richard E. Brock PROJECT REPORT PR-96-06 March 1996 WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER UNIlVERSlTY OF HAWAI'I AT MANOA Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 AUTHOR: Dr. Richard E. Brock AssociateResearcher and FisheriesSpecialist Sea Grant Extension Service Marine Science Building 204 University of Hawai'i at Mhtoa Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Tel.: 808/956-2859 FAX: 808/956-2858 $5.0O/copy Please make remittance in U.S. dollars fmm a U.S. bank or internationalmoney order to: ResearchCorporatha ot the Uaiverekyot Hawaii Mail to. Water Resources Research Center University of Hawai'i at Mmnoa 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 283 Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 ~ U.S.A. Attn: Publications Of6ce NOTE: Pleaseindicate PR-9646 on checkor moneyorder for our reference. AN ANALYSIS OF THE FISH AND MACROBKNTHOS ALONG THE SAND ISLAND OCEAN OUTFALL USING REMOTE VIDEO: VI. 1995 DATA Richard E. Brock Project Report PR-9644 March 1996 PREPARED FOR Departmentof WastewaterManagement City and County of Honolulu Project Report for "The Assessmentof the Impact of OceanSewer Outfalls on the Marine Environment off Oahu, Hawaii" ProjectNo.: C39805 ProjectPeriod: 1 January1995-31 August 1996 Principal Investigator: RogerS. Fujioka WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER University of Hawai'i at Minoa Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822 Any opinions.findings, and conclusions or recommendationsexpressed in thispublication are those of the author and do not necessarilyreflect the view of the Water ResourcesResearch Center, ABSTRACT Becausethe diffuser of theSand Island Ocean Outfall lies below safe diving depths, a remotely controlled video camerasystem was used to determinethe statusof the fish and diurnallyexposed macrobenthos resident to thediffuser.
    [Show full text]
  • Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive Summary: Assessment of Coastal fi Sh in the Baltic Sea
    Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 103 B Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive summary: Assessment of coastal fi sh in the Baltic Sea Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 103 B Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive summary: Assessment of coastal fi sh in the Baltic Sea Helsinki Commission Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission Editor: Janet Pawlak Authors: Kaj Ådjers (Co-ordination Organ for Baltic Reference Areas) Jan Andersson (Swedish Board of Fisheries) Magnus Appelberg (Swedish Board of Fisheries) Redik Eschbaum (Estonian Marine Institute) Ronald Fricke (State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany) Antti Lappalainen (Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute), Atis Minde (Latvian Fish Resources Agency) Henn Ojaveer (Estonian Marine Institute) Wojciech Pelczarski (Sea Fisheries Institute, Poland) Rimantas Repečka (Institute of Ecology, Lithuania). Photographers: Visa Hietalahti p. cover, 7 top, 8 bottom Johnny Jensen p. 3 top, 3 bottom, 4 middle, 4 bottom, 5 top, 8 top, 9 top, 9 bottom Lauri Urho p. 4 top, 5 bottom Juhani Vaittinen p. 7 bottom Markku Varjo / LKA p. 10 top For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as: HELCOM, 2006 Changing Communities of Baltic Coastal Fish Executive summary: Assessment of coastal fi sh in the Baltic Sea Balt. Sea Environ. Proc. No. 103 B Information included in this publication or extracts thereof is free for citing on the condition that the complete reference of the publication is given as stated above Copyright 2006 by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission - Helsinki Commission - Design and layout: Bitdesign, Vantaa, Finland Printed by: Erweko Painotuote Oy, Finland ISSN 0357-2994 Coastal fi sh – a combination of freshwater and marine species Coastal fish communities are important components of Baltic Sea ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls
    Review Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls Angelo F. Bernardino1*, Lisa A. Levin2, Andrew R. Thurber3, Craig R. Smith4 1 Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Espı´rito Santo, Goiabeiras, Vito´ ria, Esp´ı rito Santo, Brazil, 2 Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America,3 College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America,4 Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America communities. Sulfide is toxic to most metazoan taxa [1,2], Abstract: Sediments associated with hydrothermal vent- although some sediment-dwelling taxa have adapted to conditions ing, methane seepage and large organic falls such as of low oxygen and appear capable of tolerating the presence of whale, wood and plant detritus create deep-sea networks sulfide. Due to high local production, metazoans in reducing of soft-sediment habitats fueled, at least in part, by the sediments in the deep sea are often released from the extreme food oxidation of reduced chemicals. Biological studies at limitation prevalent in the background community (e.g. [3]). deep-sea vents, seeps and organic falls have looked at Instead, chemical toxicity may drive infaunal community macrofaunal taxa, but there has yet to be a systematic comparison of the community-level attributes of sedi- structure. In this meta-analysis we ask which taxa are common ment macrobenthos in various reducing ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Map of National and International River Basin Districts Version 29 October 2012
    Map of National and International River Basin Districts Version 29 October 2012 -30° W -20° W -10° W 0° 10° E 20° E 30° E 40° E 50° E 60° E Azores (PT) k ar FI nm in Teno, F RU Atlantic Ocean NO NO Naatamojoki, s 0 100 m FI Paatsjoki ro km T T or T R ne o i r ve n Madeira (PT) r i Madeira (PT) FI o K e m i j o k i WHITE n j SEA o RU k FI d i n a l Atlantic Ocean 60° N d r Bothnian Bay NORWEGIAN o 0 100 N SE Oulujoki SEA km NO FI a Canaries (ES) i Canaries (ES) N g 1. La Palma n a l 2. El Hierro NO h 1 7 Moere NO e t 4 60° N d 3. La Gomera A o A K 5 n G and r o B u K V u o k s i 4. Tenerife e B c k 6 h l o e f y 2 3 Romsdal f o i m r Bothnian t p m o FI 5. Gran Canaria E h T o e f i n a j l F o 6. Fuertaventura Atlantic Sea i a e f a i k g n n i RU l n o j l - 7. Lanzarote 0 100 Ocean o a C Sogn u S S k n km e e i- d and G a a Glomma SE - O Fjordane Guadeloupe (FR) NO d Guadeloupe (FR) NO lan in f F Hordaland f o ul Caribbean age West G ass C E Sea e P Bay t Aland a up k North West s lo a t de a Islands ua r g Baltic Estonia EE E G I r e s t e t t o 0 100 g Agder a EE n km a i T K k Gauja a Rogaland ak r S d LV er n Martinique (FR) Scotland ag K LV D RU Martinique (FR) k a a South LV RU N S V tt e LV a e Baltic Neagh g n u a SE t Lielupe g t a a North Bann BALTIC LT v Caribbean A NORTH SEA LT BY a Western IE Jutland SEA LT Sea Solway and N LT L Swieza UK UK North- Funen e Tweet d Zealand m 0 10 North s umbria RU u Western IE e Bornholm Jarft a km IE IE Vidaa-Krusaa ly n W RU T n Eastern o a o g PL Eastern h DK Schlei/Trave e s 50° N n
    [Show full text]
  • Marine and Coastal Biodiversity: Draft Summary Report on the Description of Areas Meeting the Scientific Criteria for Ecological
    CBD Distr. GENERAL CBD/SBSTTA/22/7/Add.1 3 April 2018 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH SUBSIDIARY BODY ON SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVICE Twenty-second meeting Montreal, Canada, 2-7 July 2018 Item 8 of the provisional agenda* MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY DRAFT SUMMARY REPORT ON THE DESCRIPTION OF AREAS MEETING THE SCIENTIFIC CRITERIA FOR ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS Note by the Executive Secretary Addendum BACKGROUND 1. Pursuant to decision X/29, paragraph 36, decision XI/17, paragraph 12, decision XII/22, paragraph 6 and decision XIII/12, paragraph 8, the following two additional regional workshops were convened by the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity: (a) Black Sea and Caspian Sea (Baku, 24 to 29 April 2017);1 (b) Baltic Sea (Helsinki, 19 to 24 February 2018).2 2. The description of marine areas meeting the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Nor does it have economic or legal implications; it is strictly a scientific and technical exercise. 3. Pursuant to decision XI/17, paragraph 12, summaries of the results of these regional workshops are provided in tables 1 and 2 below, respectively, while full descriptions of how the areas meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas (EBSAs) are provided in the annexes to the respective reports of the workshops. * CBD/SBSTTA/22/1/Add.1. 1 Report contained in CBD/EBSA/WS/2017/1/3.
    [Show full text]
  • International Council for the Exploration of the Sea FINLAND J. Lassig Institute of Marine Research C. H. 1982/L: L/Corr. Admini
    \ International Council for C. H. 1982/L: l/Corr. the Exploration of the Sea Administrative Report Addendum 'BiologicalOceanography Committee FINLAND 6/0 J. Lassig Institute of Marine Research Phytoplankton, primary production, chlorophyll a and related parameters were studied every second week (twice during the ice period) at one station in the western part of the Gulf of Finland and at 15 stations in the entire Baltic Sea as stipula­ ted in theBaltic Monitoring Programme (Helsinki:Commission). Zooplankton was sampled (Hensen net) three times a month (once during the ice period) at two coastal stations in the Gulf of Finland, one station in the Archipelago Sea and one in the Bothnian Bay. Zooplankton was sampled (WP-2 net) at 26 stations in the entire Baltic Sea according to the Baltic Monitoring Programme·, I Benthic macrofauna communities were studied in the deep areas of the Baltic Sea. The stations of the Baltic Monitoring Pr~gramme were included in the survey. The produciton and decomposition of organie matter in the pela­ gial were studied in the Gulf of Finland in eooperation with Tvärminne Zoologieal Station of the University of Helsinki. Institute of Radiation Proteetion, Helsinki Benthos studies were carried out in the vieinity of two nuclear power plants, one in the Gulf of Finland and one in the Bothnian Bay. SampIes have been taken twiee at 9 stations at each plant. Phytoplankton, .ehlorophyll a and primary produetion studies were performed onee or twiee a month during the ice-free period around both plants. National Board of Waters, Water Research Office, Helsinki The influence of industrial pollution on the composition of th~ benthic macrofauna was studied in 4 areas in the Gulf of Finland, in 4 areas in~ the Bothnian Sea and in 3 areas in the Bothnian Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • The Structuring Role of Microhabitat Type in Coral Degradation Zones: a Case Study with Marine Nematodes from Kenya and Zanzibar
    Coral Reefs (2007) 26:113–126 DOI 10.1007/s00338-006-0184-8 REPORT The structuring role of microhabitat type in coral degradation zones: a case study with marine nematodes from Kenya and Zanzibar M. Raes · M. De Troch · S. G. M. Ndaro · A. Muthumbi · K. Guilini · A. Vanreusel Received: 31 July 2006 / Accepted: 20 November 2006 / Published online: 7 February 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract Nematode genus assemblages were identi- three-dimensional structure of coral fragments was Wed from four locations in coral degradation zones found. DiVerences between nematode assemblages in (CDZs) along the African east coast: Watamu and the coralline sediment and on coral fragments were Tiwi Beach (Kenya) and Matemwe and Makunduchi attributed to the exposed nature of the latter habitat, (Zanzibar). Three microhabitat types were distin- its large surface area and its microbial or algal cover. guished: coralline sediment, coral gravel and coral frag- DiVerences in available food sources were reXected in ments. Nematode community composition was nematode trophic composition. comparable to that of other studies dealing with the same habitat. The presence of a common genus pool in Keywords Coral degradation zones · Nematodes · CDZs was reXected in the considerable similarities Microhabitats · Spatial turnover · Indian Ocean between samples. The addition of coral fragments as a habitat for nematodes resulted in an increased impor- tance of taxa typical for coarse sediments and large Introduction substrata. Local and regional turnover were of the same order of magnitude. The structuring eVect of Numerous studies have investigated the major factors microhabitat type clearly overrode the eVect on a local that structure nematode community composition in and regional scale.
    [Show full text]
  • 20020011.Pdf
    Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 1144 PERSPECTIVE Geological and evolutionary underpinnings for the success of Ponto-Caspian species invasions in the Baltic Sea and North American Great Lakes David F. Reid and Marina I. Orlova1 Abstract: Between 1985 and 2000, ~70% of new species that invaded the North American Great Lakes were endemic to the Ponto-Caspian (Caspian, Azov, and Black seas) basins of eastern Europe. Sixteen Ponto-Caspian species were also established in the Baltic Sea as of 2000. Many Ponto-Caspian endemic species are characterized by wide environmental tolerances and high phenotypic variability. Ponto-Caspian fauna evolved over millions of years in a series of large lakes and seas with widely varying salinities and water levels and alternating periods of isolation and open connections between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea depressions and between these basins and the Mediterranean Basin and the World Ocean. These conditions probably resulted in selection of Ponto-Caspian endemic species for the broad environmental tolerances and euryhalinity many exhibit. Both the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes are geologi- cally young and present much lower levels of endemism. The high tolerance of Ponto-Caspian fauna to varying environmental conditions, their ability to survive exposure to a range of salinities, and the similarity in environmental conditions available in the Baltic Sea and Great Lakes probably contribute to the invasion success of these species. Human activities have dramatically increased the opportunities for transport and introduction and have played a cata- lytic role. Résumé : Entre 1985 et 2000, environ 70 % des espèces qui ont envahi pour la première fois les Grands-Lacs d’Amérique du Nord étaient endémiques aux bassins versants de la région pontocaspienne de l’Europe de l’Est, soit ceux de la mer Caspienne, de la mer d’Azov et de la mer Noire.
    [Show full text]