DOCSLIB.ORG

New Strain of Influenza a Virus (H5N1), Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Strain of Influenza a Virus (H5N1), Thailand LETTERS New Strain of lows: A/chicken/Thailand/PC-168/ was clustered into the same group 2006 (DQ999879–86) and A/chicken/ with viruses isolated from southeast Influenza A Virus Thailand/PC-170/2006 (DQ999887– People’s Republic of China, including (H5N1), Thailand 94) from Phichit and A/chicken/ Zhejiang, Shantou, Hunan, Fujian, Thailand/NP-172/2006 (DQ999871– Guangxi, and Lao People’s To the Editor: During 2004– 8) from Nakhon Phanom. Democratic Republic (7) with the dif- 2005, 3 major waves of avian influen- Whole genome analysis showed ferences in the cleavage site, SPLR- za outbreaks occurred in Thailand (1). that all 3 samples had undergone ERRRK-R/G (underline and dash The first wave was reported in early minor mutations that are typical of indicate differences), which had never January 2004, the second in July circulating influenza A viruses. been found in Thailand. The N-link 2004, and the third in October– Unexpectedly, this outbreak was asso- glycosylation sites (positions December 2005. In total, 22 persons ciated with 2 strains of the virus. The 154–156) of the Pichit isolates were were infected and 14 died. Recently, a 2 samples from Phichit closely resem- NST residues, whereas in the Nakhon fourth wave began on July 23, 2006. bled H5N1 strains that had circulated Phanom isolate, NNT residues were The Thai Ministry of Public Health in Thailand during 2004 and 2005. observed. However, the receptor- reported that avian influenza A The sample from Nakhon Phanom binding site of HA (positions 222 and (H5N1) virus killed 2 infected per- was newly observed in Thailand and 224) was unchanged. sons. The first patient, a 17-year-old more closely related to H5N1 strains In the neuraminidase (NA) gene, man in Phichit Province, began to that had been circulating since 2005 in the new isolates contain 20 amino experience symptoms on July 15, southeast People’s Republic of China. acid deletions within the stalk region, 2006, and died on July 24, 2006 (2). The whole genome phylogenetic the same as previously described (1). The second patient, a 27-year-old man analysis also showed that the viruses The ESEV residues in the C-terminal in Uthai Thani Province, began to isolated from Phichit belonged to and Asp92 of NS1 were observed in experience symptoms on July 24, genotype Z, whereas virus isolated the 2006 isolates and in viruses that 2006, and died on August 3, 2006 (3). from Nakhon Phanom belonged to have been isolated from Thailand, The fourth wave of these out- genotype V, which differs from geno- Vietnam, and People’s Republic of breaks involved chickens and encom- type Z in the PA gene (6) (Figure, China. This finding indicates that the passed 2 distinct areas: Phichit panel A). new isolates were highly virulent but Province, identified on July 23, 2006 The phylogenetic tree of the sensitive to treatment with interferon (4), and Nakhon Phanom Province, hemagglutinin (HA) gene (Figure, and tumor necrosis factor-α (8). The identified on July 28, 2006 (5). We panel B) showed that the Phichit sam- 2006 isolates contain Glu627 of PB2, sequenced all 8 gene segments of the 2 ples were similar to the cluster of identical to the previous isolates from viruses isolated from Phichit and 1 samples isolated during 2004 and Thailand and Indonesia, which may virus isolated from Nakhon Phanom 2005 in Thailand and Vietnam. In indicate that the new isolates had less and then submitted to GenBank as fol- contrast, the Nakhon Phanom sample efficient replication capability in Figure. A) Phylogenetic rela- tionships of the polymerase acid protein gene comparing genotype Z, Z+, and V. B) Hemagglutinin gene of influenza A (H5N1) viruses in Thailand 2006 compared with several other strains worldwide. For a larger reproduction of the phyloge- netic relationships, see online figure available at www.cdc.gov/EID/content/ 13/3/506-G. htm 506 Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 13, No. 3, March 2007 LETTERS mammalian hosts (9). Drug resistance Acknowledgment influenza outbreaks in Japan. Virology. or sensitivity is based on sequences of We thank the Division of Research 2005;332:167–76. 7. Boltz DA, Douangngeun B, Sinthasak S, M2 and NA. Substitution within Affairs of the Chulalongkorn University Phommachanh P, Rolston S, Chen H, et al. residues including L26I, V27A/I, Faculty of Medicine for manuscript H5N1 influenza viruses in Lao People’s A30S, and S31N of the M2 ion chan- review. Democratic Republic. Emerg Infect Dis. nel protein was used to predict aman- 2006;12:1593–5. This study was supported by Thailand 8. Krug RM. Virology. Clues to the virulence tadine-resistant mutants, and H274Y Research Fund (Senior Research Scholar); of H5N1 viruses in humans. Science. of the NA was used to predict for Royal Golden Jubilee PhD Program; 2006;311:1562–3. oseltamivir resistance (10). The virus 9. Shinya K, Hamm S, Hatta M, Ito H, Ito T, Center of Excellence in Viral Hepatitis observed in 2006 isolates from Phi- Kawaoka Y. PB2 amino acid at position 627 Research, Chulalongkorn University; and affects replicative efficiency, but not cell chit was resistant to amantadine but National Research Council. tropism, of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A sensitive to oseltamivir, whereas the viruses in mice. Virology. 2004;320: isolate from Nakhon Phanom was 258–66. sensitive to amantadine and Salin Chutinimitkul,* 10. Scholtissek C, Quack G, Klenk HD, Thaweesak Songserm,† Webster RG. How to overcome resistance oseltamivir, which implies that infect- of influenza A viruses against adamantane ed patients received different antiviral Alongkorn Amonsin,* derivatives. Antiviral Res. 1998;37:83–95. drugs. Sunchai Payungporn,* 11. World Health Organization Global According to previous World Kamol Suwannakarn,* Influenza Program Surveillance Network. Sudarat Damrongwatanapokin,‡ Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses Health Organization reports, the HA in Asia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11: sequences of most influenza (H5N1) Arunee Chaisingh,‡ 1515–21. viruses that circulated in avian species Bandit Nuansrichay,‡ during the past 3 years are separated Thaweesak Chieochansin,* Address for correspondence: Yong into 2 distinct phylogenetic clades. Apiradee Theamboonlers,* Poovorawan, Center of Excellence in Viral Clade 1 viruses that circulated in and Yong Poovorawan* Hepatitis Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam *Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn were responsible for human infections Thailand; †Kasetsart University, Nakorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; email: Pathom, Thailand; and ‡National Institute [email protected] in those countries during 2004 and of Animal Health, Bangkok, Thailand 2005. Clade 2 viruses that circulated in birds in People’s Republic of China References and Indonesia during 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 spread westward to the 1. Amonsin A, Chutinimitkul S, Pariyothorn N, Songserm T, Damrongwantanapokin S, Middle East, Europe, and Africa. This Puranaveja S, et al. Genetic characteriza- latter genetic group of viruses has tion of influenza A viruses (H5N1) isolated been principally responsible for from 3rd wave of Thailand AI outbreaks. human infections during late 2005 Virus Res. 2006;122:194–9. 2. Hopp M. Avian influenza situation in and 2006 (11). The latest wave of the Thailand. ProMed. July 26, 2006. Accessed Kala-azar Control, outbreaks in Thailand was caused by at http://www.promedmail.org, archive viruses closely related to those that number: 20060726.2056. Uganda caused outbreaks in Thailand in 3. Gale J. Avian influenza, human (112): Thailand. ProMed. August 6, 2006. To the Editor: Much of the leish- 2004–2005 and to viruses recently Accessed at http://www.promedmail.org, maniasis in Africa is concentrated in circulating in southeast People’s archive number: 20060806.2180. East Africa. In this region, visceral Republic of China and other South- 4. Dudley JP. Avian flu disease returns after 8 leishmaniasis (kala-azar) is caused by east Asian countries. This finding months H5N1 virus outbreak confirmed in Phichit. ProMed. July 24, 2006. Accessed Leishmania donovani and is endemic raises concern for development of at http://www.promedmail.org, archive in remote parts of Somalia, Sudan, new candidate influenza (H5N1) vac- number: 20060724.2042. Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda (1). cine strains. Geographic spreading, 5. Marshall M. New bird flu outbreak con- In Uganda, kala-azar is transmit- epidemiology, and genetic properties firmed along Thai-Lao border. ProMed. July 30, 2006. Accessed at http://www. ted by the sandfly Phlebotomus marti- of recently circulating influenza promedmail.org, archive number: ni, and transmission is thought to be (H5N1) viruses should be considered 20060730.2104. anthroponotic. Studies in Sudan and when developing candidate H5N1 6. Mase M, Tsukamoto K, Imada T, Imai K, Kenya have detected L. donovani in strains of influenza vaccine. Tanimura N, Nakamura K, et al. Characterization of H5N1 influenza A domestic animals (2,3), but whether viruses isolated during the 2003–2004 these play a role in Uganda is Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 13, No. 3, March 2007 507.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thailand's Progress on the Elimination of The
    Thailand’s Progress on the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor: 2015 1) Prevalence and Sectoral Distribution of Child Labor 1.1 In what sectors or activities were children involved in hazardous activities or other worst forms of child labor? For all sectors, please describe the work activities undertaken by children. In particular, if children were engaged in forestry, manufacturing, construction, fishing, agriculture, and street work, please provide information on the specific activities (within the sector) children engage in. Please also explain the hazards for any sector in which the dangerous nature of the work activities may otherwise be unclear to the lay person (four further explanation, please HAZADOUS ACTIVITIES and WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR in the Definitions section). Answer: According to the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board Thailand witnessed a reduction in the population of children ages 0-17 years from the years 2010-2015. In 2015 there were roughly 14.48 million children between 0-17 years, a reduction compared to 15.42 million in 2010 and 14.86 million in 2013. On the other hand, Thailand found an increase in the number of students enrolled in the national education system, from 4.99 million students enrolled in 2000 up to 5.33 million students in 2013. These factors have contributed to a reduction of working children in the labor force. In this regard, the Department of Labour Protection and Welfare (DLPW) examined quarterly data of Thailand’s labor force status survey1. In the 3rd quarter of 2015, there were 38.77 million people in the labor force or available for work.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Thailand in 2008
    2008 Minerals Yearbook THAILAND U.S. Department of the Interior August 2010 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUS T RY OF THAILAND By Lin Shi In 2008, Thailand was one of the world’s leading producers by 46% to 17,811 t from 32,921 t in 2007. Production of iron of cement, feldspar, gypsum, and tin. The country’s mineral ore and Fe content (pig iron and semimanufactured products) production encompassed metals, industrial minerals, and each increased by about 10% to 1,709,750 t and 855,000 t, mineral fuels (table 1; Carlin, 2009; Crangle, 2009; Potter, 2009; respectively; manganese output increased by more than 10 times van Oss, 2009). to 52,700 t from 4,550 t in 2007, and tungsten output increased by 52% to 778 t from 512 t in 2007 (table 1). Minerals in the National Economy Among the industrial minerals, production of sand, silica, and glass decreased by 41%; that of marble, dimension stone, and Thailand’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2008 was fragment, by 22%; and pyrophyllite, by 74%. Production of ball valued at $274 billion, and the annual GDP growth rate was clay increased by 166% to 1,499,993 t from 563,353 t in 2007; 2.6%. The growth rate of the mining sector’s portion of the calcite and dolomite increased by 22% each; crude petroleum GDP increased by 0.6% compared with that of 2007, and that oil increased by 9% to 53,151 barrels (bbl) from 48,745 bbl in of the manufacturing sector increased by 3.9%.
    [Show full text]
  • PHICHIT TOURIST MAP Information By: TAT Phitsanulok Tourist Information Division (Tel
    แผนที่ทองเทยวจี่ งหวั ดพั ิจิตร PHICHIT TOURIST MAP Information by: TAT Phitsanulok Tourist Information Division (Tel. 0 2250 5500 ext. 2141-5) Designed & Printed by: Promotional Material Production Division, ไป จ.พิษณโลกุ จ.พิษณุโลก Marketing Services Department. To Phitsanulok Phitsanulok The contents of this publication are subject to change without notice. ไป อ.บางกระทุม 2012 Copyright. No commercial reprinting of this material allowed. To Amphoe Bang Krathum ไป อ.วังทอง March 2012 To Amphoe Wang Thong Free Copy Phichit ไป อ.เนินมะปราง To Amphoe Noen Maprang อ.วชิรบารมี UV1312 UV1221 H p¤ 1115 Wachirabarami H ¬ UV n H อ.สากเหล็ก 115 a 1 N UV Ì Sak Lek ไป จ.กําแพงเพชร m a n อ.สามงาม 115 e 111 To Kamphaeng Phet UV a UV สถานที่ทองเทยวี่ Tourist Attraction Sam Ngam M 117 1 ศาลเจาแมทับทิมทาฬ อ UV H5¬ m ¬ o Ì 11 Y 2 UV ¬ Chaomae Thapthim Tha Lo Shrine m ̬ ¬ a 6 n 3 ¬ 7 e Ì a M Ì4 Ì Ì H 2 วัดโรงชาง Wat Rong Chang อ.เมืองพิจิตร Mueang Phichit อ.วังทรายพูน 3 อุทยานเมืองเกาพิจิตร The Old City Park UV1276 ¬ Ì8 Wang Sai Phun ไป อ.วังโปง UV1068 ¬ 4 วัดนครชุม Wat Nakhon Chum อ.โพธิ์ประทบชั าง UV1304 Ì11 To Amphoe Wang Pong ¬H Pho Prathap Chang 9 ¬ UV1300 12¬ 5 วัดทาหลวง Wat Tha Luang Ì 10 Ì 1301 Ì 113 UV จ.กําแพงเพชร UV 6 บึงสีไฟ Bueng Si Fai พิจิตร Kamphaeng Phet UV1070 Phichit 7 วัดเขารูปชาง Wat Khao Rup Chang ¬ กรุงเทพมหานคร 1070 14 Bangkok UV 13¬ p¤ Ì 8 วัดหัวดง Wat Hua Dong ÌH จ.เพชรบูรณ UV1289 อ.ตะพานหิน 9 สวนสาธารณะเจาพอเสือ Chao Po Sua Park 15¬ Phetchabun H Taphan Hin UV113 Ì 1118 H 10 วัดโพธิ์ประทับชาง Wat Pho Prathap Chang ไป จ.กําแพงเพชร
    [Show full text]
  • 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide
    No. 13/2011, Tuesday, September 6, 2011, 11:00 AM 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide DATE: Tuesday, September 6, 2011 TIME: 09.00 LOCATION: Meeting Room 2, Ministry of Interior CHAIRPERSON: Mr. Panu Yamsri Director of Disaster Mitigation Directing Center, Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 1. CURRENT SITUATION 1.1 Current flooded provinces: there are 10 recent flooded provinces: Sukhothai, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Chai Nat, Ubon Ratchathani, Sing Buri, and Chon Buri. The total of 50 Districts, 343 Sub-Districts, 2,038 Villages, 122,485 families and/or 393,808 people are affected by the flood. The total fatalities are 66 deaths and 1 missing. (Fatalities : 1 in Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Uttaradit, Phetchabun; 2 in Tak, Nakhon Phanom, Roi Et, and Phang-Nga; 3 in Chiang Mai; 4 in Prachin Buri, Nakhon Sawan; 5 in Phitsanulok; 6 in Sukhothai; 7 in Mae Hong Son; 8 in Phrae; and 17 in Phichit: Missing : 1 in Mae Hong Son due to landslide) 1.2 Weather Condition: The monsoon trough lies across the North and the Northeast and the southwest monsoon over the Andaman Sea, Thailand and the Gulf of Thailand are intensifying. Increasing rainfall and isolated heavy fall is likely over upper the North and the Northeast and the East. People in the areas should beware of heavy rain during 1-2 days. (Thai Meteorological Department : TMD) 1.3 Amount of Rainfall: The heaviest rainfall in the past 24 hours is at Khaisi District of Bungkan Province at 163.0 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Phichit Water Treatment Plant Phichit Province, Thailand
    Phichit Water Treatment Plant Phichit Province, Thailand 1. Background information of the water treatment plant Phichit Water Treatment Plant (PWTP) is situated in the Phichit Province which is located in the northern part of Thailand. PWTP is owned and operated by Provincial Waterworks Authority (PWA) of Thailand, a state-owned company established in 1979. This water treatment plant is one of the 233 water treatment plants under PWA. PWTP has two treatment unit. 1st water treatment plant (1st WTP) has the capacity of 4,800 m3/d and was built in 2001 and 2nd water treatment plant (2nd WTP) has the capacity of 9,600 m3/d and was built in 2007. Table 1 Overall information of Phichit water treatment plant Constructed Year 2001/2007 Water Source Nan River Number of connections 14,388 Peak Operating Flow (m3/h) 853 Design capacity (m3/h) 600 No. of operators working at the plant 4 Treated water standard Royal Thai Government Gazette (1978) Automation No Date of access of the source information 2015 Reference Ratchanet (2013) In 2014 Phichit water treatment plant supplied 12,262 m3/d of tap water to 14,388 households of Phichit province. Water source for PWTP is Nan River which flows adjacent to water treatment plant. Main characteristics of treatment process are hydraulic mixing, mechanical sludge collector system, fine sand, and water backwash with surface washing. 2. Water treatment process flow The major water treatment unit processes are presented as below (Figure 1): Raw water extraction (Nan river) → Raw water pumping → Hydraulic mixing (alum) → Flocculation (baffled channel type) → Sedimentation (rectangular, mechanical sludge collection) → Rapid sand filters → Disinfection (chlorine) → Clear Well → High lift pump building Sludge treatment: Sludge generated from sedimentation and backwashing are drained to pond (lagoon) 1 Figure 1 Water Treatment Process 2.1 Chemical used Two kinds of chemical are mainly used for water treatment: powder poly aluminium chloride PAC (used as coagulant) and liquid chlorine (used for pre-and-post chlorination).
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment on Economic, Socialand Cultural Rights in Thailand
    ASSESSMENT ON ECONOMIC, SOCIALAND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN THAILAND FOCUSING ON NATURAL RESOURCES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS AND CASES OF TRANS-BOUNDARY IMPACT Joint Submission to the United Nations Committee on International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 55th Session 01 - 19 By Community Resource Centre Northern Development Foundation Thai Sea Watch Association E-Sarn Human Rights and Peace Information Centre Project for Campaign for Public Policy on Mineral Resources. Submitted by May 8, 2015 1 Preamble This report is created by a NGO network consisting of the Community Resource Centre, the Northern Development Foundation, the Thai Sea Watch Association, the E-Sarn Human Rights and Peace Information Centre and the Project for Campaign for Public Policy on Mineral Resources. The information presented in this report is based on the work of the civil society organizations mentioned above, all of which work with supporting communities affected by human rights violations, and with protecting natural resources and the environment. Issues relating to the general provisions of the Covenant The collective experience of the NGOs in the network is that violations of the rights derived from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights occur in Thailand. The violations especially arise in relation to the exploitation of natural resources and the environment, including natural resource management, but also in most of the on-going development projects, which affect not only the country’s environment and the natural resources, but also its people and communities. The network would like to present the situation in Thailand according to its experience in relation to the Covenant as follows.
    [Show full text]
  • 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide
    No. 17/2011, Sunday September 11, 2011, 11:00 AM 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide DATE: Saturday, September 11, 2011 TIME: 09.00 LOCATION: Meeting Room 2, Ministry of Interior CHAIRPERSON: Mr. Panu Yamsri Director of Disaster Mitigation Center, Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 1. CURRENT SITUATION 1.1 Current flooded provinces: there are 16 recent flooded provinces: Sukhothai, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Chai Nat, Ubon Ratchathani, Sing Buri, Nakhon Pathom,, Suphan Buri, Nonthaburi, Uthai Thani, Chacheongsao, Chantha Buri, and Sara Buri. The total of 69 Districts, 516 Sub-Districts, 2,820 Villages, 202,760 families and/or 519,844 people are affected by the flood. The total fatalities are 80 deaths and 5 missing. (Fatalities: 1 in Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Phetchabun, and Suphan Buri; 2 in Tak, Nakhon Phanom, Roi Et, and Phang-Nga; 3 in Chiang Mai; 4 in Prachin Buri, and Uttaradit; 5 in Phitsanulok, and Nakhon Sawan; 7 in Mae Hong Son; 8 in Phrae; 9 in Sukhothai and 23 in Phichit: Missing: 1 in Mae Hong Son, and 4 in Uttaradit due to landslide) 1.2 Weather Condition: During 11-12 September, the intense monsoon trough lies across the Central, the East and the lower Northeast of Thailand. The strong southwest monsoon prevails over the Andaman Sea, southern Thailand and the Gulf of Thailand. Torrential rain and isolated heavy to very heavy falls are likely much of the country. People in risky areas along foothills and waterways are warned of possible flash flood.
    [Show full text]
  • 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storms and Landslide
    No. 67/2011, Tuesday, November 1, 2011, 11:00 AM 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storms and Landslide DATE: Monday, November 1, 2011 TIME: 09.00 LOCATION: Disaster Relief Operation Center at Energy Complex CHAIRPERSON: Mr.Pracha Taerat, Deputy Permanent Secretary for Interior 1. CURRENT SITUATION 1.1 Current flooded provinces: there are 26 recent flooded provinces: North; (Phichit, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan, and Uthai Thani); Central (Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Lopburi, Saraburi, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, Pathumthani, Nonthaburi, Samutsakhon and Bangkok) Northeast ; (Ubon Ratchathani, Khon Kaen, Srisaket, Roi-et, Surin, Mahasarakham and Kalasin); Eastern (Chacheongsao, Nakhon Nayok and Prachinburi) The total of 147 Districts, 1,132 Sub-Districts, 8,319 Villages, 718,607 families and/or 2,110,152 people are affected by the flood. The total fatalities are 384 deaths and 2 missing. (Missing: 1 in Mae Hong Son, and 1 in Uttaradit) 1.2 Amount of Rainfall: The heaviest rainfall in the past 24 hours is in Chumpol Sub-District, Sa Ting Pra District, Song Khla Province at 109.0 mm. 1.3 Estimate Losses and Damages: 1.3.1 Agricultural impact : Farming areas which would be affected are estimated at 10,986,252 rai; 194,012 rai of fish/shrimp ponds and over 13.28 million livestock (source: Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives). 1.3.2 Transportation Routes : Highway: 70 main highways in 13 provinces are flooded and cannot be passed. For more information, contact 1568 or DDPM Hotline 1784. Rural roads: 223 rural roads in 30 provinces are not passable.
    [Show full text]
  • Thailand's Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1
    1 Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development Volume 1 Thailand’s Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Development 1 Foreword Thailand has made remarkable progress in the fields of social and economic development in recent decades, which enabled Thailand to become a middle-income country. According to the first Thailand Millennium Development Goals Report, 2004, Thailand has already reached almost all targets set in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Therefore, Thailand has set more ambitious targets, called MDG Plus, that go well beyond the internationally agreed MDG targets. The development examples of many innovative projects under the royal patronage of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej are particularly valuable, and His Majesty’s philosophy on “Sufficiency Economy” has become a key principle in Thailand’s national development plan and practices. As Thailand succeeded in its development during the past four decades, The Royal Thai Government has shared its knowledge and experiences with other developing countries, especially its neighbors in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region (GMS), through technical cooperation and human resource development. Helping the development of neighboring countries is among the highest priorities of Thai foreign policy. This has led to Thailand becoming a training and resource center for development, especially for scholars and practitioners from other developing countries. The Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency (TICA) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the main Government’s coordinating body for technical and development assistance, including managing Thailand’s Official Development Assistance (ODA). Working closely with TICA and supporting Thailand as an active donor of the South is the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand.
    [Show full text]
  • Sigma's 30Th International Nursing Research Congress Monk Volunteer Health Advocacy Project: a Multidisciplinary Collaboration F
    Sigma's 30th International Nursing Research Congress Monk Volunteer Health Advocacy Project: A Multidisciplinary Collaboration for Training and Capacity-Building for Buddhist Monks Benjamas Suksatit, RN, PhD, APMSN Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Phraratsittivetee Vasasiri, PhD Phichit Buddhist College, Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, Phichit, Thailand Chompunut Singmanee, MSN Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Rai College, Chiang Rai, Thailand Warodom Samerchua, MSN McCormick Faculty of Nursing, Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Purida Wientong, PhD Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Somboon Jeenapongsa, MD Phichit hospital, Phichit, Thailand Nipawan Waisayanand, MD Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are the major health problems worldwide. World health organization classifies NCDs into four main types, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. NCDs happen as a result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behaviors factors. NCDs place burden on people living with NCDs, family, and society. In Thailand, more than 70 percent of all deaths occurs as the result of NCDs. Buddhist monks are at the center of NCDs crisis. Prevalence of Buddhist monks living with NCDS are continuously increasing. Based on the data from the Priest hospital, the most common NCDS in Thai monks are hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and hypertension. In addition, the majority of priest patients are also found with overweight and obesity, which are the major risk factors for NCDs. lead to heart disease and artery. The reasons why Buddhist monk is at risk for NCDs might be due to the fact that Buddhist monk is an ordained male monastic in Buddhism whose life is governed by 227 rules of the Patimokkha, the basic code of monastic discipline.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Thailand in 2017-2018
    2017–2018 Minerals Yearbook THAILAND [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. Department of the Interior April 2021 U.S. Geological Survey The Mineral Industry of Thailand By Ji Won Moon Note: In this chapter, information for 2017 is followed by information for 2018. In 2017, Thailand was one of the world’s leading producers licenses, which vary depending on the type of license (Prior and of feldspar (ranking fifth in world production with 5.6% of the Summacarava, 2017; Poonsombudlert, Wechsuwanarux, and world total), gypsum (fifth-ranked producer with 6.0% of the Gulthawatvichai, 2019). world total), and rare earths (sixth-ranked producer with about 1% of the world total). Thailand’s mining industries produced Production such metallic minerals as manganese, tin, and tungsten. The In 2017, the most significant changes in metal production mining production of gold and silver were suspended in 2017 were that production of tin (mined, Sb content) was nearly six owing to negative environmental and health effects. In addition, times that of 2016; that of tungsten (mined, W content) nearly Thailand produced a variety of industrial minerals, such as doubled; and that of raw steel increased by 17%. Production of calcite, cement, clay, fluorspar, perlite, phosphate rock, quartz, zinc (mined, Zn content) decreased by 96%; that of zinc smelter salt, sand and gravel (construction and industrial), and stone and alloys, by 59% each; rare earths (mined, oxide equivalent), (crushed and dimension) (table 1; Chandran, 2018; Crangle, by 19%; and manganese (mined, Mn content), by 11%. No mine 2019; Gambogi, 2019; Tanner, 2019). production of antimony, gold, or silver was reported (table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide
    No. 21/2011, Thursday September 15, 2011, 11:00 AM 24/7 Emergency Operation Center for Flood, Storm and Landslide DATE: Thursday, September 15, 2011 TIME: 09.00 LOCATION: Meeting Room 2, Ministry of Interior CHAIRPERSON: Mr. Vichien Chawalit Permanent Secretary to Ministry of Interior 1. CURRENT SITUATION 1.1 Current flooded provinces: there are 30 recent flooded provinces: Sukhothai, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Nakhon Sawan, Uthai Thani, Chai Nat, Sing Buri, Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Lopburi, Sara Buri, Suphan Buri, Nakhon Pathom, Pathumthani, Nonthaburi, Ubon Ratchathani, Yasothorn, Loei, Khon Kaen, Sisakes, Chacheongsao, Chantha Buri, Trad, Nakhon Nayok, Trang, Satun, Tak, Sakaew, Prachinburi, and Surat Thani. The total of 166 Districts, 1,021 Sub-Districts, 5,626 Villages, 339,601 families and/or 1,204,358 people are affected by the flood. The total fatalities are 91 deaths and 2 missing. (Fatalities: 1 in Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Phetchabun, Singburi, Chainat, and Trad; 2 in Tak, Nakhon Phanom, Roi Et, Phang-Nga and Suphan Buri; 3 in Chiang Mai and Chonburi; 4 in Prachin Buri ; 5 in Phitsanulok, and Nakhon Sawan; 7 in Uttaradit and Mae Hong Son; 8 in Phrae; 9 in Sukhothai; and 24 in Phichit: Missing: 1 in Mae Hong Son, and 1 in Uttaradit due to landslide) 1.2 Weather Condition: The monsoon trough lies across the lower North, the Central and the Northeast of Thailand. The strong southwest monsoon prevails over the Andaman Sea, southern Thailand and the Gulf of Thailand. Decreasing rain and isolated heavy falls are likely over the country, especially in provinces of Tak, Kamphaeng Phet, Phichit, Phetchabun, Loei, Nong Khai, Amnat Charoen, Ubon Ratchathani, Lop Buri, Uthai Thani, Saraburi, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Nakhon Nayok, Prachin Buri, Sa Kaeo, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat, Ranong, Phang-nga and Phuket.
    [Show full text]