Checklist All applicants/developers for schemes with archaeological aspects, or affecting gardens and designed landscapes are required to have regard to this SPG and should utilise the checklist below.
Carry out early pre application consultation with the Local Planning Authority’s Development Management service and Dyfed Archaeological Trust.
Be aware of how development proposals could affect archaeological resources and the heritage environment (including Gardens and Designed Landscapes)
Consult the Historic Environment Register (HER), held and maintained by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust, to determine if heritage or archaeological resources are present on potential development sites.
If considering archaeological work in support of a planning application, ensure that you select competent and skilled expert consultants.
Ensure all archaeological work in support of the planning process conforms to legislative requirements and follows the guidance set out in this SPG. C1. Intorodunction tents Appendix 1 Development Management - Archaeology within the 2. The Historic Environment of Carmarthenshire Planning Application Process
3. National and Local Policy Contacts 4. Archaeology and the Planning Process
5. Procedures for Undertaking Archaeological Work
6. Carmarthen Town 1 1.1 This Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) 1.4 As applicants/developers will be expected to Ielabnorates tandr deovelops don theu policcies antd iomeet n the costs of archaeological work, this provisions of the Adopted Carmarthenshire Local document will assist in guiding non-specialists Development Plan (LDP). In so doing it seeks to through the planning procedures and protect the archaeological heritage of the County, archaeological work that may be involved. and its setting, by advising how development Information on professional archaeological proposals can best take account of archaeological contractors may be obtained from the Chartered issues. Whilst the presence of archaeological Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) or the British remains does not necessarily preclude Archaeological Jobs Resource (BAJR). development it is recognised that they represent an important finite source of information about the past. 1.5 In recognition of Carmarthen Town’s special Consequently their investigation and, where historic significance and high archaeological appropriate, preservation is important in its own potential, this guidance provides additional specific right and can provide an invaluable educational and information in relation the procedures and tourism resource. requirements of the planning process.
1.2 This SPG will provide detailed information and 1.6 It is an offence, punishable by fine, to do works guidance on the handling of archaeology in the to a scheduled monument without first obtaining planning process. It will also identify national scheduled monument consent. It is also an offence policies as contained within Planning Policy Wales to damage or destroy a scheduled monument. The and Technical Advice Note (TAN) 24: The Historic maximum penalty for this is an unlimited fine and/or Environment, as well as local policy considerations. a period of two years' imprisonment.
1.3 It also provides further detailed information on the Authority’s development management requirements and procedures and will upon adoption be a material consideration in the determination of planning applications.
1 The Historic Environment of Carmarthenshire 2 2.1 Carmarthenshire is recognised as an area 2.3 In definition the historic environment has communication. The County is studded with of special historic significance. Its landscape is been described as follows: important archaeological sites of all periods, diverse, extending from the coastal plains in ranging from Palaeolithic cave sites, funerary the south through gently rolling hills, which rise The past is all around us. We live our lives, and ritual monuments and hill-forts of the up to the Brecon Beacons and Cambrian whether consciously or not, against a rich prehistoric periods, to Roman forts, roads and Mountains in the north-east. This ancient backdrop formed by historic buildings, settlements (including the important town of landscape of natural geological formation has landscapes and other physical survivals of our Carmarthen), and to the castles, monastic sites been crafted and exploited over thousands of past. But the historic environment is more than and nucleated settlements of the Anglo- years by human activity, which has left its just a matter of material remains. It is central to Normans and post-medieval and industrial and indelible signature on the County. All this how we see ourselves and to our identity as military remains. landscape is therefore historic and significant individuals, communities and as a nation. It is though some areas, such as the Tywi Valley, a physical record of what our country is, how it 2.5 Through the land-use planning system, and have been identified as having special historic came to be, its successes and failures. It is a in accordance with national policy and value and have been included in the national collective memory, containing an infinity of legislation, the Council will seek to safeguard Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in stories, some ancient, some recent: stories our historic environment and ensure that sites Wales, Part 2.1 Landscapes of Outstanding written in stone, brick, wood, glass, steel; of historic and archaeological significance are Historic Interest. stories inscribed in field patterns, hedgerows, not needlessly destroyed or damaged. designed landscapes and other features of the 2.2 Carmarthenshire County Council considers landscape. [The Historic Environment: A Force that the historic environment of the County has for Our Future, DCMS 2001] high value not just in its rich historic and archaeological inheritance but also in the 2.4 The historical and archaeological benefits it can bring to the present and future. inheritance of Carmarthenshire is exceptional. It contributes significantly to our modern lives Within the landscape evidence survives for giving us a sense of place and identity. It also early farming and forestry practices, offers significant economic benefit attracting settlements and dispersed farmsteads, mineral visitors to the County. exploitation, military conquest, religion and
2 National and Local Policy 3 3.1 In the United Kingdom, the protection of 3.3 For certain types of development (listed in sustainable management of the historic monuments and archaeological remains of Schedules 1 and 2 to the Town and Country environment, and introduces greater national importance is statutorily governed Planning (Environmental Impact transparency and accountability into decisions under the provisions of the Ancient Assessment) (England and Wales) taken on the historic environment. Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act Regulations 1999) formal environmental 1979 . In Wales Cadw, on behalf of Welsh impact assessment (EIA) may be necessary. Government, maintains a schedule of Where EIA is required, the developer must nationally important sites, which meet strict provide an environmental assessment setting criteria for inclusion and protection. It is an out the information specified in Schedule 3 to offence under law to demolish, damage, alter the Regulations about the site and the likely or fly-tip on these scheduled sites without the significant effects of the proposed development written consent of Welsh Government through on the environment. This should include Cadw, the Welsh Historic Monuments information relating to any significant effects on Directorate of the Welsh Government. material assets and the cultural heritage, such as archaeological features and other human 3.2 The protection of other non-scheduled artefacts, and the measures envisaged to monuments or archaeological remains, which avoid, reduce or remedy such adverse effects. may have national or regional significance, is required by Government legislation, notably the 3.4 It is noted that the Historic Environment provisions of the Town and Country Planning (Wales) Bill is now in place and forms part of Acts and the national planning policy a suite of legislation, policy, advice and framework in Wales. In Carmarthenshire these guidance that seek to make important historic sites are officially identified in the improvements to the existing systems for the databases of the regional Historic Environment protection and sustainable management of the Record (HER), held and maintained by Dyfed Welsh historic environment. In broad terms, the Archaeological Trust (DAT) and have been Bill gives more effective protection to listed adopted by resolution of Carmarthenshire buildings and scheduled monuments, County Council in fulfilling its statutory planning enhances existing mechanisms for the function.
3 Planning Policy Wales • contribute to the knowledge and will only be in exceptional circumstances that (Edition 9, November 2016), understanding of the past by making an planning permission will be granted if appropriate record when parts of a historic development would result in an adverse impact 3.5 Planning Policy Wales (PPW) provides the asset are affected by a proposed change, on a scheduled monument (or an overarching context for sustainable land use and ensuring that this record or the results of archaeological site shown to be of national planning policy in Wales and states that: any investigation are securely archived and importance) or has a significantly damaging made publicly available; effect upon its setting. In cases involving less 6.2.1 It is important that the historic significant archaeological remains, local environment is protected, managed and and specifically to: planning authorities will need to weigh the conserved. The Welsh Government’s relative importance of the archaeological objectives in this field [specific to archaeology] • conserve archaeological remains, both for remains and their settings against other are to: their own sake and for their role in education, factors, including the need for the proposed leisure and the economy; development. • conserve and enhance the historic environment, which is a finite and non- 6.2.2 Local planning authorities and other Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic renewable resource and a vital and integral public bodies have an important role in Environment part of the historical and cultural identity of protecting and conserving the historic Wales; environment while helping it accommodate and 3.6 Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic remain responsive to present-day needs. Environment was published by the Welsh • recognise its contribution to economic vitality Government in 2017 and replaced Welsh and culture, civic pride, local distinctiveness 6.5.5 The conservation of archaeological Office Circulars 60/96 – Planning and the and the quality of Welsh life, and its remains is a material consideration in Historic Environment: Archaeology; 61/96 - importance as a resource to be maintained determining a planning application, whether Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic for future generations; those remains are a scheduled monument or Buildings and conservation Areas; and 1/98 not. Where nationally important archaeological Planning and the Historic Environment: • base decisions on an understanding of the remains, whether scheduled or not, and their Directions by the Secretary of State for Wales. significance of Wales’ historic assets; settings are likely to be affected by proposed development, there should be a presumption 3.7 Its purpose is to provide guidance on how in favour of their physical protection in situ. It the planning system considers the historic
4 Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan 3.10 The LDP contains the following policies in (LDP) relation to the protection of the historic environment of the County: 3.8 The LDP is the statutory development plan for the County (excluding that area covered by SP13 Protection and Enhancement of the the Brecon Beacons National Park) and Built and Historic Environment provides the local policy framework against Development proposals should preserve or which proposals for development will be enhance the built and historic environment considered. The importance of the built and of the County, its cultural, townscape and historic environment is a central theme within landscape assets (outlined below), and, the LDP running through from the Plan’s Vision where appropriate, their setting. Proposals and Strategic Objectives into the strategic and relating to the following will be considered specific polices. in accordance with national guidance and legislation. 3.9 The LDP provides a policy framework a) Sites and features of recognised which seeks to reconcile the need for Historical and Cultural Importance; development with the interests of conservation, b) Listed buildings and their setting; environment during development plan including the historic environment. In this c) Conservation Areas and their setting; preparation and decision making on planning strategic aim it provides key policies for the d) Scheduled Ancient Monuments and and Listed Building (LBC) applications (TAN understanding, protection, enhancement and other sites of recognised archaeological 24, 1.4). For further information, refer to preservation of sites of archaeological interest importance. TAN24 on the WG website: and their settings. The LDP does not seek to https://gov.wales/topics/planning/policy/tans/ta unduly repeat national policy statements. The Proposals will be expected to promote high n-24/?lang=en Council will therefore where applicable utilise quality design that reinforces local primary legislation and national policy to assist character and respects and enhances the in determining development proposals. Such local setting and the cultural and historic policies also underpin the implementation of qualities of the plan area. this SPG.
5 Policy EQ1 Protection of Buildings, b) There is clear evidence that all other Landscapes and Features of Historic options have been proven not to be Importance viable, including availability of financial Proposals for development affecting subsidy; landscapes, townscapes buildings and c) It does not materially harm the building or sites or features of historic or feature it is seeking to assist or its setting archaeological interest which by virtue of or the area in which it lies; their historic importance, character or d) The amount of enabling development and significance within a group of features its scale is kept to the minimum make an important contribution to the local necessary. character and the interests of the area will only be permitted where it preserves or Proposals will be subject to an agreed enhances the built and historic programme of works. The condition or state environment. of restoration of the building or feature must be in accordance with the programme Policy EQ2 Enabling Development of works prior to the enabling Proposals for enabling development that developments occupation. are essential to securing the long term future of a historic feature or building will only be permitted where:
a) The benefit to the community from the continued existence of that building or feature outweighs the disadvantages of allowing permission;
6 Archaeology and the Planning Process 4 Local Planning Authorities (LPA) Role The Role of Dyfed Archaeological Trust Scheduled Monuments and Cadw
4.1 LPAs have a number of key responsibilities 4.4 Dyfed Archaeological Trust is one of the 4.6 A small proportion of the archaeological in relation to archaeological sites and four Welsh Archaeological Trusts. The Trust is sites and monuments in Carmarthenshire have monuments within their areas. For instance, both a Limited Company (No.1198990) and a statutory protection as Scheduled Monuments they may have major remains, buildings or Registered Charity (No 504616). The Trust is under the Ancient Monuments and sites in their care; they may acquire ancient established to advance the education of the Archaeological Areas Act, 1979. Any works that monuments and grant aid their preservation public in archaeology. It is committed to affect these monuments will require scheduled and can help to present and manage historic working to help protect, record and interpret all monument consent from Welsh Government. sites which contribute to the local landscape, aspects of the historic environment. Dyfed The setting of a Scheduled Monument and its amenities and economy of their area; finally Archaeological Trust Development physical preservation are material they have a crucial role in safeguarding the Management (DAT DM) provides considerations in the determination of any archaeological heritage through their comprehensive archaeological planning planning application. development control functions. services on behalf of four Authorities (including Carmarthenshire County Council) and others 4.7 Scheduled monument consent is separate 4.2 Carmarthenshire County Council work engaged in development and land-use change, from planning permission, and any work closely with Dyfed Archaeological Trust, who in both the private and public sectors. carried out to a scheduled monument without maintain the regional Historic Environment consent is a criminal offence and is liable to Record (HER) and provide archaeological 4.5 It provides comprehensive archaeological prosecution under the 1979 Act. The granting advice within the planning process. services including information and advice as of planning permission does not confer part of the planning process. DAT DM uses scheduled monument consent nor vice versa. 4.3 Where planning applications affect information from the HER to provide guidance For a site which is both scheduled and listed, scheduled monuments, or their setting, the on whether there is an identified archaeological scheduled monument legislation takes Council will consult with the Welsh Government dimension and constraint to development. precedence over listed building requirements. through Cadw (Para. 6.3.1 PPW). Advice on the course of action required to In most cases the LPA would expect a planning protect archaeological interests is also application which affects a scheduled provided. DAT DM will liaise with the LPA officers and applicants/developers, monitoring archaeological work required as part of the planning process.
7 monument to be accompanied by the With this early information both the interests of planning applications. One of the main necessary scheduled monument consent from archaeology and development can normally be outcomes of these changes is the need to Cadw. Where the provisions of the 1979 Act reconciled through appropriate consideration ensure that any submitted application is “clean” apply, their effect should also not be duplicated and mitigation. before it can be formally registered and go out by planning conditions, although LPAs granting to consultation. In order to achieve this, the planning permission in such circumstances are 4.11 This information is available through the LPA will seek to identify all issues before the advised to draw the attention of the applicant HER, which is maintained by the DAT. These formal registration of the application e.g. to the relevant provisions of the 1979 Act. records currently contain over 55,000 sites of whether the scheme is acceptable or not, known archaeological and historical interest whether more information is required and 4.8 It should be noted that the LPA is required across South West Wales. whether there are any inaccuracies in the by law to consult with Cadw on any application details applicants submit. Applicants are not likely to affect a Scheduled Monument or its Getting Early Planning Advice required to agree to this approach, setting. consequently applications which do not reflect 4.12 Applicants/developers are advised to the benefits of “front loading” will be registered, 4.9 Further information on these protected sites obtain early historic environment advice by but are at risk of refusal early in the can be obtained from Cadw or DAT. consulting with the LPA and the DAT DM. determination period. Applicants/developers who do not consider The Historic Environment Record - historic environment issues at an early stage Requirements prior to the determination of Obtaining Early Information can be faced with unexpected and applications unnecessary delays and financial expense 4.10 Prospective applicants and developers during the course of development. Managing 4.14 Early consultations will provide are encouraged within TAN 24 (section 4) to this risk by obtaining early advice is considered prospective applicants with advance warning seek early information and advice on their vital to all parties concerned in the planning of the archaeological sensitivity of their site. proposals prior to drawing up detailed designs. process. However, there will be occasions when In their own interests developers should make insufficient information is available on the an initial appraisal of whether a site is known 4.13 Applicants/developers should also be potential archaeological resource and the LPA or likely to contain archaeological remains. aware that the LPA has commenced a new way will require further information before the of working in relation to the processing of application can be properly considered. Where
8 insufficient information has been provided, the Requirements following the determination Mitigation LPA may decide not to register a planning of applications application, defer determination or can refuse 4.19 In certain circumstances, the Planning to grant planning consent. 4.17 When the LPA is satisfied that it has Authority may require appropriate mitigation to sufficient information on the historic be agreed in order to ensure the preservation 4.15 Planning Policy Wales, paragraph 6.5.6 environment, a planning application can in situ of significant archaeological remains. and TAN 24, paragraphs 4.7 and 4.8 set out proceed to determination. At this stage the Applicants may therefore consider forms of that, where important remains are thought to LPA, with advice from DAT DM, can weigh the mitigation designed to protect archaeology in exist at a development site, applicants should relative importance of the archaeological situ whilst enabling their development. TAN24 provide further information on the resource against other factors, including the paragraph 4.11 highlights measures that can archaeological resource prior to the need for the proposed development be taken to minimise the impact of a determination of the application. This is development proposal on identified required to ensure the LPA is fully informed of Preservation of Archaeological Remains in archaeological remains and allow their the archaeological potential and that situ preservation in situ. appropriate mitigation to protect significant archaeological interests has been formulated 4.18 Where nationally important archaeological and agreed in determining any application for remains, whether scheduled or not, and their 4.20 Appropriate design solutions and planning permission. settings are affected by proposed development construction techniques may allow there will be a presumption in favour of their archaeological remains to be sealed beneath 4.16 The type of pre-determination physical preservation in situ , i.e. a presumption buildings or through careful landscape design archaeological work that may be required is against proposals which would involve within development areas. Although the varied ranging from desk-based archaeological significant alteration or cause damage, or remains may remain inaccessible for the time assessment through to a field evaluation or a which would have a significant impact on the being, they are effectively preserved for the combination of many techniques. These setting of visible remains. In these instances it future. In these instances, the LPA may seek methodologies are elaborated on in Appendix may be appropriate for the LPA to refuse assurances that buried archaeological material 1. planning applications which would have a will remain secure after development and that significant adverse impact on the historic the development can be removed at a future environment. date without additional impacts upon the buried remains.
9 4.21 Applicants intending to minimise the archaeological standards as laid down by the brief, strip map, record methodology or impact of their development on a known Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA). archaeological investigation through evaluation archaeological resource through mitigation or excavation. proposals are advised in the first instance to Planning Conditions seek the advice of DAT DM. 4.27 Only when it is demonstrated that the 4.25 Where a planning permission is granted conditions have been properly and fully met will Recording of Archaeological Evidence for development which might affect land which the LPA consider discharging planning is in an area considered to be of archaeological conditions. In cases where it is clear that 4.22 Where remains of lesser importance are interest, the LPA may wish to impose applicants have not implemented the known to exist, the LPA may decide that the conditions designed to protect the requirements of planning conditions, the significance of the archaeological remains is archaeological resource or ensure that Authority will consider the need for not sufficient, when weighed against all other reasonable access is provided to an enforcement action. material considerations, including the need for archaeologist. TAN 24 paragraph 4.13 development, to justify their physical addresses the use of planning conditions in Monitoring preservation in situ and that the proposed respect of archaeology. Planning conditions development can proceed. will normally require the applicant to 4.28 DAT DM on behalf of the LPA will normally commission a qualified and competent expert monitor archaeological work to ensure 4.23 In such cases, the attachment of an to submit a written scheme of archaeological compliance with planning requirements and the appropriate planning condition may require the investigation (WSI) which describes the maintenance of high archaeological standards developer to make satisfactory arrangements different stages of the work and demonstrates in the county. All archaeological work will be for the excavation, recording, archiving and that it has been fully resourced and given subject to monitoring from inception and project publication of the archaeological resource. adequate time. design, through fieldwork and the post– excavation processes, to the deposition of the 4.24 DAT DM on behalf of the LPA will consider 4.26 DAT DM will be able to offer advice to the resulting archive in an agreed repository and the applicant’s submitted archaeological LPA with regards to the location and extent of final publication. scheme and advise the Authority. Where the known resource and make suggestions to archaeological work is allowed to commence, reduce the potential conflict between 4.29 The LPA will be advised by DAT DM on DAT DM will monitor all the stages of the work development and preservation of whether conditions can be discharged either in to ensure compliance with planning conditions archaeological remains. Standard conditions full or partially as the successive stages of the and the maintenance of appropriate include requirement for archaeological agreed archaeological programme of work are monitoring of ground works through a watching satisfactorily completed.
10 Procedures for Undertaking Archaeological Work 5 Responsibility for Costs Quality Control appropriate professional indemnity or other insurances. 5.1 Archaeological work, particularly intensive 5.3 It is the responsibility of applicants or excavation, can be time-consuming and developers, or their agents, to commission Human Remains expensive and meeting these costs is solely archaeological contractors to carry out work on the responsibility of the developer. As part of a their behalf and they will need to satisfy 5.6 Where human remains are encountered as planning requirement, this work can involve not themselves of the ability of their chosen the result of archaeological work, developers just fieldwork but also post excavation analysis, archaeological contractor to undertake this must adhere to legislation and best-practice archiving and publication. There may also be work. procedures for handling this sensitive material. costs relating to the conservation of artefacts, When discovered, human remains must archiving and the storage of excavated 5.4 The archaeological work must be always be left in situ, covered and protected archaeological finds. undertaken by the staff of a competent and sensitively. professional body. Appointed archaeological 5.2 Because of these potential costs, it is contractors should have appropriate 5.7 No further investigation should be recommended that applicants for planning experience, and should be managed by a undertaken. If removal of the remains is permission should seek early archaeological Member of the CIfA (MCIfA), who is essential, a licence must be obtained from the advice by discussing their proposals with appropriately validated. The archaeological Ministry of Justice in accordance with Section relevant officers of the Authority and DAT DM. contractor must adhere to the CIfA’s Code of 25 of the Burial Act 1857. With good information on historic environment Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for issues and constraints at an early stage in the the Regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Historic Parks and Gardens formation of development proposals, Field Archaeology and to the relevant applicants may be able to lessen the likely Standards and Guidance. 5.8 Carmarthenshire contains a large number financial impact of their development through Link to CIfA Standards and Guidelines : of important historic gardens and parklands, mitigation and avoidance of sensitive https://www.archaeologists.net/codes/cifa many of which are contained within the archaeological material. Carmarthenshire section of the Register of 5.5 It is also recommended that, in the best interest of those commissioning archaeological work, that they ensure that contractors have
11 Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Landscapes Register 5.12 Paragraph 6.5.26 of PPW states that: Historic Interest in Wales , published by Cadw. “Local planning authorities should protect and The Register provides information, to help 5.10 Parts 2.1 and 2.2 of the non-statutory conserve parks and gardens and their settings ensure that the historic character of the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in included in the register of historic parks and landscape is sustained, and that where change Wales contain information on historic gardens in Wales. Cadw must be consulted on is contemplated, it is well-informed. Reference landscapes of outstanding or special historic all planning applications where development is should be made to the companion good interest. These landscapes have been likely to affect the site of a registered historic practice guide which explains how the Register recognised as areas of “the nation’s most park or garden or its setting. The effect of a should be used in assessing the effect of major valuable cultural assets, and as special, often proposed development on a registered park or developments on the historic landscape. fragile and irreplaceable parts of our heritage” . garden or its setting should be a material consideration in the determination of a planning 5.9 For planning applications that may 5.11 In Carmarthenshire seven historic application.” affect sites of Grades I and II*, and their landscape areas have been recognised and essential settings, the Council will actively seek registered namely: 5.13 To assist applicants for planning the advice of Cadw when assessing the permission, Cadw, Natural Resources Wales suitability of proposals. For Grade II sites and Part 2.1 of the Register, Landscapes of (NRW) and the four Welsh Archaeological other non-registered sites of local interest, the Outstanding Historic Interest Trusts have prepared the Guide to Good views of DAT DM, the Garden History Society Practice on Using the Register of Landscapes and the Welsh Historic Gardens Trust will • Tywi Valley of Historic Interest in Wales in the Planning and nd where appropriate be considered. • Taf and Tywi Estuary Development Process Revised (2 ) Edition, • Dolaucothi 2007. This document includes a Technical Cadw's guidance can be accessed at the • Preseli (part) Annex - Assessment of the Significance of the following link: • Black Mountain and Mynydd Myddfai Impact of Development on Historic http://cadw.gov.wales/docs/cadw/publications/ Landscapes Areas , otherwise known as the historicenvironment/20170531Managing%20C Part 2.2 of the Register, Landscapes of Special ASIDOHL2 methodology. hange%20to%20Registered%20Historic%20P Historic Interest arks%20&%20Gardens%20in%20Wales%202 5.14 ASIDOHL2 provides guidance on the 6922%20EN.pdf • Drefach and Felindre application of the process and on the technical • Lower Teifi Valley (part) steps involved in assessing the impact of development on Carmarthenshire’s historic
12 landscapes. In the first instance it is assessment of the impact of the proposed recommended that applicants should seek the development on the historic landscape. This advice of DAT DM on whether their requirement is established through the Town development is of such a scale to warrant an and Country Planning (Environmental Impact ASIDOHL2 assessment and on what steps Assessment) (England and Wales) they should take in preparing their Regulations 1999 [SI 1999 No 293] as documentation for the purposes of the planning amended, and as set out within TAN 24 process. (paragraphs 7.6 & 7.7)
Cadw's guidance can be accessed at the 5.17 In the first instance applicants are following link: recommended to consult with DAT DM on http://cadw.gov.wales/docs/cadw/publications/ whether their development is likely to impact LandscapesRegisterGoodPractice_EN.pdf on a non-registered historic landscape and what course of action may be required to Historic Landscapes of Regional or assess and mitigate this impact. Local Importance Other Environmental Considerations 5.15 Not all historic landscapes in Wales are considered to be of national importance or are 5.18 Archaeological site work, which has been currently contained within the Register of commissioned by an applicant prior to the Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales . Many determination of an application or as part of a other, discrete landscapes of regional or local consented development, may impact on other importance exist and are significant for the environmental interests, such as habitat, historical, archaeological, cultural or intrinsic hedgerow, ground water, fauna and flora, etc. value they bring to their communities. It is the responsibility of both those commissioning intrusive archaeological work 5.16 Where such historic landscapes are and those carrying out the work that they recognised and an Environmental Impact consider whether there may be other Assessment is necessary, applicants/ environmental impacts resulting from their developers will be required to undertake an activities. Further advice should be sought from the LPA and DAT DM.
13 Carmarthen Town 6 6.1 In terms of its historical and archaeological structures, including the main administrative, Cadw, commissioned the Carmarthen Historic importance, Carmarthen, as the oldest civic and religious buildings of the early town. Town Survey (2004) , a report that draws continually inhabited town in Wales, has together current information on the historical exceptional value. Since its foundation by the 6.3 Although little is known about the period development of the town and provides a st Roman military in the 1 century AD, following the collapse of the Western Roman framework for sustainable development within Carmarthen has been continuously occupied Empire, it is highly probable that some form of the planning process. This report provides up to the present time. Each period of the occupation continued at Carmarthen between guidance for applicants seeking planning th th town’s past has left its own distinct legacy or the 5 and 11 centuries during the period of permission. Consequently potential imprint, which survives in the layered record of the emergence of a distinct Welsh language developers in Carmarthen are recommended archaeological remains. Excavations over the and culture. The archaeological information, to consult this document before drawing up any past 40 plus years have demonstrated the which will illuminate this largely unknown proposals. excellent survival and richness of this valuable period of Carmarthen’s history, may survive in resource, which, in most instances, is the only specific areas in and around the former Roman 6.5 Derived from the 'Urban Historic Character information now available to us to understand town, such as on the cult site of Llanteulyddog, Areas', Planning Advice Zones have been the origins and complicated development of the later occupied by the medieval Priory. The defined. These are intended for everyday use town and the lives of its former inhabitants. Norman Conquest of West Wales in the late by planning officers to provide information and th 11 century brought with it the erection of a support, particularly during discussions relating 6.2 The buried remains of Roman Carmarthen, strategically important Royal castle at to pre-planning applications with potential a town some 33 acres in extent, are nationally Carmarthen around which developed a developers. Where applicable, developers will important, as is the evidence for later substantial town and inland port. The post- be expected to provide the results of occupation in the early medieval period, medieval period witnessed an extension of the archaeological field evaluation and information th medieval and post-medieval periods. Where town’s defences during the 17 century Civil on foundation design in support of their Roman military and urban deposits have been War and the phased enlargement of the planning applications. encountered in Carmarthen, the quality of the residential and commercial areas of the town. surviving archaeological material, protected beneath later deposits, has proved to be 6.4 Because of Carmarthen’s known extremely high. Much still needs to be historical and archaeological significance, understood about the Roman street plan and Carmarthenshire County Council, together with
14 1 ADeveloppmepnt Maenagenmentd - ix work undertaken meets the precise Desk-based assessment requirements of the planning process. These Archaeology within the Planning briefs can assist applicants in commissioning A1.5 In order to understand the archaeological Application Process archaeological work and providing detailed potential of a site, developers should seek to specifications or written schemes of undertake a desk top study in advance of A1.1 The following sets out the main types of investigation (WSIs) for the Authority’s submitting a planning application. Alternatively, archaeological work which may be required as approval. such a study may in appropriate circumstances part of the planning process. The Council may be a condition of planning approval. require applicants to provide information in the Appraisal form of an archaeological evaluation before A1.6 A desk-based assessment should identify determining any application. This evaluation A1.3 An appraisal may be utilised as a lesser the known or potential archaeological resource may be limited to a desk based study, or may form of desk-based assessment (see below) within a specified area or site on land, inter- require intrusive investigation of the application having the single objective of providing an tidal zone or underwater. It consists of a site. Failure on the part of the applicant to informed answer to the question of whether collation of existing written, graphic, provide information to the council’s satisfaction there is an archaeological dimension to be photographic and electronic information in may result in any planning application being considered in the determination of an order to identify the likely character, extent, refused. The required archaeological work application, and whether this needs to be quality, and worth of the known or potential may need to be carried out prior to the clarified through further investigation. archaeological resource in a local, regional, determination of a planning application, or to national or international context as appropriate. meet the requirements of post-consent A1.4 The work normally involves the rapid A walkover survey is considered an essential planning conditions. All archaeological work consultation and professional interrogation of element of any desk-based assessment. must be carried out by professional readily available information, including early archaeologists to the relevant Standard and maps and aerial photographs, held in the A1.7 The desk top study should assess the site Guidance of the Chartered Institute of Field regional HER. An essential element of the for the type, extent, likely date, nature and Archaeologists. appraisal is a walkover survey of the site and depth of archaeological remains and if the examining available geotechnical data. DAT A1.2 DAT DM on behalf of the Council will, DM will provide a generic brief for an appraisal, when requested, provide a brief for which can be tailored to prepare a archaeological work in order to ensure that the specification. archaeology extends off site. It should also Field Investigation – On site trenches must be agreed with DAT DM prior to assess the potential visual impact of the the commencement of the work. The development on archaeological sites within A1.10 A field investigation or evaluation should evaluation areas must be cleaned to an agreed search areas. be conducted by a professionally qualified appropriate standard to prove the presence, or archaeologist or organisation with TAN 24 absence, of archaeological features and to A1.8 The desk-based assessment should lead paragraph 4.7, footnote 56 making reference determine their significance. In each area the to one or more of the following options: to the Chartered Institute of Archaeologists’ excavation of the minimum number of (CIfA) standards and guidance. The LPA will archaeological features, to elucidate the • The formulation of a strategy to ensure the request a field evaluation where it has good character, distribution, extent, date and recording, preservation or management of reason to consider that a significant importance of the archaeological remains is the resource. archaeological resource is present on an undertaken. In each area sufficient excavation • The formulation of a strategy for further application site. will be undertaken to ensure that the natural investigation, whether or not intrusive, where horizons are reached and proven. If safety the character and value of the resource is not A1.11 An evaluation may take the form of a reasons preclude manual excavation, hand sufficiently defined to permit a mitigation limited programme of intrusive fieldwork which auguring may be used to try to assess the total strategy or other response to be devised determines the presence or absence of depth of stratified deposits within each area. • The formulation of a proposal for further archaeological features and enables an archaeological investigation within a assessment of their relative worth in a local, A1.13 The resulting report should be presented programme of research. regional, national or international context as to the LPA as further information to inform the appropriate. The programme of work will result determination of any planning application. A1.9 For both appraisals and Desk-based in the preparation of a report and ordered Assessments, the archaeological contractor archive. In certain circumstances, this will be A1.14 Indications of buried human activity can will be required to agree search areas for the preceded by a programme of non-intrusive be detected by the non-intrusive means of a study with DAT DM before any request is made work such a fieldwalking, earthwork survey or variety of scientific methodologies and for a HER search. Specifications should also geophysics. equipment. The usual method of geophysical be submitted for the work. Similarly with survey currently being used is magnetometer. specifications and WSIs submitted for field A1.12 The work will normally involve rapid trial Resistivity surveys and ground-penetrating investigation - DAT DM will recommend the trenching by means of archaeologically radar are occasionally used. approval of the submitted documents to the supervised mechanical excavation. The LPA. number, location and rationale for these A1.15 Site-specific geological conditions can A1.18 Developers should consider the ahead of the commencement of the have a major bearing on the quality of the implications of watching brief work, which development programme. The excavation will results from such surveys and the type of results in the discovery of significant examine, record and interpret archaeological survey that is appropriate in each circumstance archaeological remains. Contingency deposits, features and structures and, as can only be determined after initial testing of measures should be put in place to meet such appropriate, retrieve artefacts, ecofacts and methodologies. unforeseen circumstances which can have other remains. The records made and objects delay and cost implications. Where unexpected gathered during fieldwork are studied and the A1.16 This work can often precede a field remains come to light, the watching results of that study are published in detail evaluation as the results of remote sensing can archaeologist will be required to contact DAT appropriate to the project design, as agreed assist in determining the rationale for the DM for further advice. Whilst this consultation with the LPA. number and location of trial trenches that might takes place the development work directly be required. It is unlikely that remote sensing impacting on the archaeological resource will Monitoring Arrangements on its own will provide the required information normally be required to cease until on an archaeological resource. Invariably, the arrangements have been put in place for A1.20 All archaeological work carried out results of these non-intrusive surveys will need appropriate archaeological recording. A report within the planning process will be monitored to be tested through the physical process of on the watching brief work, whether it has had from the inception of the project and fieldwork trial excavation. positive or negative results, should be through to the deposition of a resulting archive submitted to the LPA. and final publication. Watching Brief Full Excavation A1.21 In general the purposes of monitoring A1.17 An archaeological watching brief is by DAT DM on behalf of the LPA may be normally carried out during the course of A1.19 Full archaeological excavation or summarised as follows: - approved development for the purposes of ‘preservation by record’ is normally required observing, excavating and recording where no other form of mitigation has proved • To ensure the maintenance of high archaeological remains that come to light practicable. It entails detailed and careful archaeological standards and best practice during operations such as topsoil stripping or stratigraphic excavation and recording of based on the Standards and Guidance cutting foundation trenches. The work requires archaeological deposits by professional issued by the CIfA. the presence of a professional archaeologist archaeologists within a specified area. The on site to carry out either an intensive or work is carried out with defined research • To ensure compliance with planning intermittent watching brief. objectives and in a controlled manner normally regulations and requirements. • To ensure compliance with the brief provided A1.22 Where a pre-determination Standards and Guidelines: by the planning archaeologist and the archaeological field evaluation is required, DAT specifications submitted by the applicant for DM will visit the site to ensure that the work CIfA the approval of the LPA. being carried out is in accordance with the https://www.archaeologists.net/codes/cifa agreed specification and relevant to the on- • To ensure the relevance of the further going planning process. Notification of Cadw: information gained by the work to the on- commencement, a projected timetable and a http://cadw.gov.wales/historicenvironment/publi going planning process. copy of the Health and Safety Risk Assessment cations/?lang=en to be submitted to them no less than 5 working • To ensure that any recommendations made days prior to the commencement of the work. by the archaeological contractor are reasonable in planning terms. Hedgerow Regulations
• To ensure that any further recommendations A1.23 The Hedgerow Regulations (1997) aim resulting from the work are founded on to protect hedgerows which have been detailed knowledge and are reasonable in assessed as important in terms of criteria that planning terms. incorporate historical components, including its documented date and association with an • To help formulate, where required, an archaeological feature. Accordingly, archaeological mitigation strategy, which Carmarthenshire LPA consults with DAT DM for could protect the archaeological resource information regarding applications for whilst enabling the permitted development. hedgerow removal.
• To ensure compliance with planning conditions and their satisfactory discharging. CCarmarthoenshiren County Caouncil cts Mike Ings – Senior Development Management Forward Planning Section Archaeologist: 7/8 Spilman Street [email protected] Carmarthen Zoe Bevans-Rice – Development Management Carmarthenshire Archaeologist: SA31 1LQ [email protected]
01267 228812 [email protected] Cadw www.carmarthenshire.gov.uk Welsh Government Plas Carew Unit 5/7 Cefn Coed Dyfed Archaeological Trust - Development Parc Nantgarw Management Cardiff Corner House CF15 7QQ 6 Carmarthen Street Llandeilo 0300 0256000 Carmarthenshire [email protected] SA19 6AE
01558 823121 [email protected] www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk