DOCSLIB.ORG

Assembly, Gene Annotation and Marker Development Using 454 Floral Transcriptome Sequences in Ziziphus Celata (Rhamnaceae), a Highly Endangered, Florida Endemic Plant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assembly, Gene Annotation and Marker Development Using 454 Floral Transcriptome Sequences in Ziziphus Celata (Rhamnaceae), a Highly Endangered, Florida Endemic Plant DNA Research Advance Access published October 27, 2011 DNA RESEARCH pp. 1–9, (2011) doi:10.1093/dnares/dsr037 Assembly, Gene Annotation and Marker Development Using 454 Floral Transcriptome Sequences in Ziziphus Celata (Rhamnaceae), a Highly Endangered, Florida Endemic Plant CHRISTINE E. Edwards1,*,†,THOMAS L. Parchman2,†, and CARL W. Weekley3 USACE ERDC, Environmental Laboratory, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA1; Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA2 and Archbold Biological Station, PO Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862, USA3 *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email [email protected] (C.E.E.); [email protected] (T.L.P.). Downloaded from Edited by Satoshi Tabata (Received 27 July 2011; accepted 26 September 2011) Abstract http://dnaresearch.oxfordjournals.org/ Large-scale DNA sequence data may enable development of genetic resources in endangered species, thereby facilitating conservation efforts. Ziziphus celata, a federally endangered, self-incompatible plant species occurring in Florida, USA, is one species for which genetic resources are necessary to facilitate new introductions and augmentations essential for recovery of the species. We used 454 pyrosequencing of a Z. celata normalized floral cDNA library to create a genomic resource for gene and marker discovery. A half-plate GS-FLX Titanium run yielded 655 337 reads averaging 250 bp. A total of 474 025 reads were assembled de novo into 84 645 contigs averaging 408 bp, while 181 312 reads remained unassembled. Forty-seven and 43% of contig consensus sequences had BLAST matches to known proteins in the Uniref50 and TAIR9 annotated protein databases, respectively; many contigs fully represented ortholo- gous proteins in TAIR9. A total of 22 707 unique genes were sequenced, indicating substantial coverage by guest on November 22, 2011 of the Z. celata transcriptome. We detected single-nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and developed thousands of SSR primers for use in future genetic studies. As a first step towards understanding self-incompatibility in Z. celata, we identified sequences belonging to the gene family encoding self-incompatibility. This study demonstrates the efficacy of 454 transcriptome sequen- cing for rapid gene and marker discovery in an endangered plant. Key words: transcriptome; conservation genetics; microsatellites; S-locus; Ziziphus 1. Introduction quantify levels of genetic diversity and identify factors such as founder effects, genetic drift, genetic While genetic information is just one of many tools bottlenecks, and inbreeding that may threaten that may be used to conserve endangered species, the endangered species.4 – 6 However, because of the use of such information is often valuable to facilitate difficulty of isolating genetic markers and the recovery efforts and the management of surviving considerable cost and time associated with extensive populations.1 Genetic data from endangered species genotyping of individuals in populations, many con- have been used for multiple conservation appli- servation-genetic studies have employed relatively cations, e.g. to carry out parentage analysis in ex situ small numbers of genetic loci, such as RFLPs, AFLPs, breeding and translocation programmes,2,3 and to and SSRs (simple sequence repeats, or microsatellites). Increasing the number of sampled loci may increase the precision and accuracy of estimates of genetic † These authors contributed equally to this work structure and population genetic parameters such as # The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Page 2 of 9 Transcriptome Sequencing and Assembly in Ziziphus Celata levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients.7 markers, e.g. as of April 2011, only six DNA sequences Furthermore, large numbers of genetic loci are had been deposited at NCBI for Z. celata, and none of necessary to unequivocally assign parentage, which these represented expressed genes. Furthermore, the may be very useful for establishing genetically entire Rhamnaceae family, which contains 900 diverse populations of endangered species through species,27 was represented by fewer than 2000 the augmentation of existing genetically depauperate sequences at NCBI. The development of a genome- populations or the creation of new populations. level resource for Z. celata stands to improve conserva- Recently, however, the number of genomic-scale tion-genetic approaches in Z. celata and to provide a sequence collections has increased, enabling rapid future basis for comparative genomic studies in the gene and marker discovery for an increased number Rhamnaceae, which contains economically important of taxa.8 Previously, the development of such crop and ornamental tree and shrub species. genomic resources was largely limited to model Given the small numbers of populations and geno- organisms; however, recent advances in DNA sequen- types of Z. celata, its recovery relies on the augmenta- cing technology have reduced the cost and time tion of uniclonal populations and the introduction of required for the development of genomic resources, multiple genotypes to publicly protected sites contain- 28,29 resulting in a rapid growth in the availability of such ing appropriate habitat; however, the ability to Downloaded from data, particularly in non-model organisms.9– 11 establish self-sustaining, sexually reproducing, translo- Transcriptome sequencing, which is DNA sequencing cated populations has been complicated by the repro- of the mRNA pool of a given tissue, has allowed ductive failure of most experimental crosses. Such sequencing efforts to focus on the protein-coding reproductive failure has been attributed to self-incom- portion of the genome, and has become a valuable patibility in Z. celata. Self-incompatibility has been http://dnaresearch.oxfordjournals.org/ approach for developing genomic-level resources of documented or proposed in at least five genera in the the transcribed portion of the genome.8 Next-gener- Rhamnaceae, including Colletia,30 Discaria,31,32 ation sequencing technologies, such as 454 pyrose- Frangula,33 Trevoa,34 and Ziziphus.25,35,36 quencing, remove many time-consuming steps Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) has been involved in Sanger sequencing and now facilitate tran- proposed as the system of self-incompatibility in scriptome sequencing at a minute fraction of the pre- Z. celata based on results from hundreds of exper- viously required time and cost.10 – 15 A single-plate imental hand pollinations, analysis of RAPD data, run on the 454 GS-FLX titanium pyrosequencing plat- and studies of pollen tube inhibition.25,35,37 GSI is a form typically produces around a million reads aver- system whereby pollen is rejected when its S-haplo- aging 400 bp in length, often resulting in near type is the same as either of the S-haplotypes by guest on November 22, 2011 complete transcriptome coverage.11,16,17 The gener- present in the pistil.38,39 In four of the five plant ation of such large-scale sequence data is enabling families with well-characterized GSI systems, GSI is gene discovery, molecular marker development, and mediated by the S-RNase gene.38,39 Previous research comparative analyses in ecologically important, non- suggests that a S-RNase-based system of GSI likely model plant taxa,11,18 – 22 including those of conser- evolved only once in Angiosperms,38,39 and the pres- vation concern.23 ence of S-RNase-based GSI in the Rosaceae, a plant One species for which conservation efforts family which is closely related to the Rhamnaceae, would be greatly assisted by the establishment of a suggests that this is the most likely mechanism genome-level resource is Ziziphus celata causing GSI in Rhamnaceae. (Rhamnaceae), a federally endangered, diploid shrub An understanding of the genetic basis of self- endemic to central Florida, which is currently known incompatibility and the ability to assess mating from only 14 populations along the Lake Wales types in Z. celata would greatly facilitate recovery Ridge in Polk and Highlands Counties. The species is efforts. Previous research has shown that as few as highly clonal and previous genetic analyses using allo- two mating types may be present in Z. celata wild zymes,24 RAPDs,25 AFLPs, and SSRs26 found that 9 of populations,25,35 the minimum necessary to main- the 14 extant wild populations are uniclonal (i.e. tain sexual reproduction in a GSI species; however, each population comprises a single genetic individ- more mating types may exist, as the compatibility of ual). Depending on the method of determining the most genotypes has not yet been tested. The most number of genotypes, the remaining five populations efficient approach to determine cross-compatibility comprise between 22 and 32 genotypes;26 however, is to directly sequence the genes that encode the unambiguous quantification of the number of geno- GSI reaction. Another efficient approach is parentage types in these populations will require the employ- analysis of progeny to provide indirect evidence of ment of a larger number of genetic markers. Very compatible mating types; however, more genetic little genetic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Testing Testing
    Testing…testing… Background information Summary Students perform an experiment Most weeds have a variety of natural to determine the feeding enemies. Not all of these enemies make preferences of yellow admiral good biocontrol agents. A good biocontrol caterpillars. agent should feed only on the target weed. It should not harm crops, natives, Learning Objectives or other desirable plants, and it must not Students will be able to: become a pest itself. With this in mind, • Explain why biocontrol agents when scientists look for biocontrol agents, are tested before release. they look for “picky eaters”. • Describe how biocontrol agents are tested before Ideally, a biocontrol agent will be release. monophagous—eating only the target weed. Sometimes, however, an organism Suggested prior lessons that is oligophagous—eating a small What is a weed? number of related plants—is also a good Cultivating weeds agent, particularly when the closely related plants are also weeds. Curriculum Connections Science Levels 5 & 6 In order to test the safety of a potential biocontrol agent, scientists offer a variety Vocabulary/concepts of plants to the agent in the laboratory Choice test, no choice test, and/or in the field. They choose plants repeated trials, control, economic that are closely related to the target threshold weed, as these are the most likely plants to be attacked. The non-target plants Time tested may be crops, native plants, 30-45 minutes pre-experiment ornamentals, or even other weeds. The discussion and set-up tests are designed to answer two main 30-45 minutes data collection questions: and discussion 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Habitats, Rare Plants and Root Traits
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Novel Habitats, Rare Plants and Roots Traits A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at Lincoln University by Paula Ann Greer Lincoln University 2017 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science. Abstract Novel habitats, rare plants and root traits. by Paula Ann Greer The loss of native plant species through habitat loss has been happening in NZ since the arrival of humans. This is especially true in Canterbury where less than 1% of the lowland plains are believed to be covered in remnant native vegetation. Rural land uses are changing and farm intensification is creating novel habitats, including farm irrigation earth dams. Dam engineers prefer not to have plants growing on dams. Earth dams are consented for 100 years, they could be used to support threatened native plants. Within the farm conversion of the present study dams have created an average of 1.7 hectares of ‘new land’ on their outside slope alone, which is the area of my research.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns of Flammability Across the Vascular Plant Phylogeny, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Dracophyllum
    Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy at Lincoln University by Xinglei Cui Lincoln University 2020 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. Abstract Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum by Xinglei Cui Fire has been part of the environment for the entire history of terrestrial plants and is a common disturbance agent in many ecosystems across the world. Fire has a significant role in influencing the structure, pattern and function of many ecosystems. Plant flammability, which is the ability of a plant to burn and sustain a flame, is an important driver of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and thus has a fundamental role in ecosystem dynamics and species evolution. However, the factors that have influenced the evolution of flammability remain unclear.
    [Show full text]
  • Set 3 Plains Plant List AA
    Food for native birds: AKEAKE – riroriro – ngaio, F = Fruit S = Bird Seed N = Nectar old dune ecosystem B = Bud/foliage I = Insects For lizards: L = fruit Plant Tolerances ■ = tolerates or needs □ = intolerant ½ = tolerant of some * = to establish, protect from frost t = toxic for toddlers Plants keyed to landform units, as shown in diagram: (F) = Foredune; (M) = Mid-dune; (B) = Back dune; (S) = Sand flats/plains; (H) = Swampy hollow; (E) / (O) = edge plants of back and old dunes PLANT LISTS Selected from vegetation natural to these droughty Waikuku soils Tolerances TREES & TALL SHRUBS Food sun shade wet dry wind Coprosma robusta karamu (B, O) F ■ ■ ■ ½ ½ Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree (B, S, H, O) F,N,I ■ ½ ■ ■ ■ Discaria toumatou matagouri (M, B, S, O) I ■ □ □ ■ ■ Dodonaea viscosa akeake (M, B, O)* ■ ½ □ ■ ■ Griselinia littoralis broadleaf, kapuka (B, O) F,N,I ■ ■ ½ ■ ■ Hoheria angustifolia houhere, narrow-leaved lacebark (O) I ■ ½ ½ ■ ■ Kunzea ericoides kanuka (O) N,I ■ □ □ ■ ■ Leptospermum scoparium manuka, tea tree (B, S, H) N,I ■ □ ■ ■ ■ Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe, whiteywood (B, O)* N,B,I ½ ■ ½ ½ ½ Myoporum laetum ngaio (M, B, O)* F,N ■ ½ □ ■ ■ t Myrsine australis mapau, red matipo (B, O)* F,L,I ■ ■ □ ½ ½ Olearia avicenniifolia akiraho, a tree daisy (B,O) S,I ■ ½ □ ■ ■ Olearia paniculata akiraho, golden akeake (B,O) S,I ■ ½ □ ■ ■ Pittosporum eugenioides tarata, lemonwood (O) F,I ■ ■ ½ ■ ½ Pittosporum tenuifolium kohuhu, black matipo, tawhari (B, O) F,I ■ ■ ½ ■ ■ Pseudopanax crassifolius lancewood, horoeka (O) F,N,I
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Systems and Reproduction of Indigenous Shrubs in Fragmented
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Breeding systems and reproduction of indigenous shrubs in fragmented ecosystems A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy III Plant Ecology at Massey University by Merilyn F Merrett .. � ... : -- �. � Massey University Palrnerston North, New Zealand 2006 Abstract Sixteen native shrub species with various breeding systems and pollination syndromes were investigated in geographically separated populations to determine breeding systems, reproductive success, population structure, and habitat characteristics. Of the sixteen species, seven are hermaphroditic, seven dioecious, and two gynodioecious. Two of the dioecious species are cryptically dioecious, producing what appear to be perfect, hermaphroditic flowers,but that functionas either male or female. One of the study species, Raukauaanomalus, was thought to be dioecious, but proved to be hermaphroditic. Teucridium parvifolium, was thought to be hermaphroditic, but some populations are gynodioecious. There was variation in self-compatibility among the fo ur AIseuosmia species; two are self-compatible and two are self-incompatible. Self­ incompatibility was consistent amongst individuals only in A. quercifolia at both study sites, whereas individuals in A. macrophylia ranged from highly self-incompatible to self-compatible amongst fo ur study sites. The remainder of the hermaphroditic study species are self-compatible. Five of the species appear to have dual pollination syndromes, e.g., bird-moth, wind-insect, wind-animal. High levels of pollen limitation were identified in three species at fo ur of the 34 study sites.
    [Show full text]
  • They Come in Teams
    GBE Frankia-Enriched Metagenomes from the Earliest Diverging Symbiotic Frankia Cluster: They Come in Teams Thanh Van Nguyen1, Daniel Wibberg2, Theoden Vigil-Stenman1,FedeBerckx1, Kai Battenberg3, Kirill N. Demchenko4,5, Jochen Blom6, Maria P. Fernandez7, Takashi Yamanaka8, Alison M. Berry3, Jo¨ rn Kalinowski2, Andreas Brachmann9, and Katharina Pawlowski 1,* 1Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden 2Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Germany 3Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis 4Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia 5Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russia 6Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany 7Ecologie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5557, Universite Lyon I, Villeurbanne Cedex, France 8Forest and Forestry Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan 9Biocenter, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: July 10, 2019 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ under the accession PRJEB19438 - PRJEB19449. Abstract Frankia strains induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of actinorhizal plants. Phylogenetically, Frankia strains can be grouped in four clusters. The earliest divergent cluster, cluster-2, has a particularly wide host range. The analysis of cluster-2 strains has been hampered by the fact that with two exceptions, they could never be cultured. In this study, 12 Frankia-enriched meta- genomes of Frankia cluster-2 strains or strain assemblages were sequenced based on seven inoculum sources. Sequences obtained via DNA isolated from whole nodules were compared with those of DNA isolated from fractionated preparations enhanced in the Frankia symbiotic structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of the Hoverfly Cheilosia Urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae)
    USDA iiillllllllll United States Department of Field release of the hoverfly Agriculture Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Marketing and Regulatory Syrphidae) for biological Programs control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Field release of the hoverfly Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae) for biological control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]
  • Absence of Cospeciation Between the Uncultured Frankia Microsymbionts and the Disjunct Actinorhizal Coriaria Species Imen Nouioui, Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari, Maria P
    Absence of Cospeciation between the Uncultured Frankia Microsymbionts and the Disjunct Actinorhizal Coriaria Species Imen Nouioui, Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari, Maria P. Fernandez, Abdellatif Boudabous, Philippe Normand, Maher Gtari To cite this version: Imen Nouioui, Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari, Maria P. Fernandez, Abdellatif Boudabous, Philippe Nor- mand, et al.. Absence of Cospeciation between the Uncultured Frankia Microsymbionts and the Disjunct Actinorhizal Coriaria Species. BioMed Research International , Hindawi Publishing Corpo- ration, 2014, 2014, pp.1-9. 10.1155/2014/924235. hal-01130714 HAL Id: hal-01130714 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01130714 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2014, Article ID 924235, 9 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/924235 Research Article Absence of Cospeciation between the Uncultured Frankia Microsymbionts and the Disjunct Actinorhizal Coriaria Species Imen Nouioui,1 Faten Ghodhbane-Gtari,1 Maria P. Fernandez,2
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14. Wildlife and Forest Communities 341
    chapteR 14. Wildlife and Forest Communities 341 Chapter 14. Wildlife and Forest communities Margaret Trani Griep and Beverly Collins1 key FindingS • Hotspot areas for plants of concern are Big Bend National Park; the Apalachicola area of the Southern Gulf Coast; • The South has 1,076 native terrestrial vertebrates: 179 Lake Wales Ridge and the area south of Lake Okeechobee amphibians, 525 birds, 176 mammals, and 196 reptiles. in Peninsular Florida; and coastal counties of North Species richness is highest in the Mid-South (856) and Carolina in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The Appalachian- Coastal Plain (733), reflecting both the large area of these Cumberland highlands also contain plants identified by subregions and the diversity of habitats within them. States as species of concern. • The geography of species richness varies by taxa. • Species, including those of conservation concern, are Amphibians flourish in portions of the Piedmont and imperiled by habitat alteration, isolation, introduction of Appalachian-Cumberland highlands and across the Coastal invasive species, environmental pollutants, commercial Plain. Bird richness is highest along the coastal wetlands of development, human disturbance, and exploitation. the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, mammal richness Conditions predicted by the forecasts will magnify these is highest in the Mid-South and Appalachian-Cumberland stressors. Each species varies in its vulnerability to highlands, and reptile richness is highest across the forecasted threats, and these threats vary by subregion. Key southern portion of the region. areas of concern arise where hotspots of vulnerable species • The South has 142 terrestrial vertebrate species coincide with forecasted stressors. considered to be of conservation concern (e.g., global • There are 614 species that are presumed extirpated from conservation status rank of critically imperiled, imperiled, selected States in the South; 64 are terrestrial vertebrates or vulnerable), 77 of which are listed as threatened or and 550 are vascular plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhamnaceae) in Australia Jürgen Kellermanna,B & Frank Udovicicc
    Swainsona 33: 149–159 (2020) © 2020 Board of the Botanic Gardens & State Herbarium (Adelaide, South Australia) A review of Colletieae and Discaria (Rhamnaceae) in Australia Jürgen Kellermanna,b & Frank Udovicicc a State Herbarium of South Australia, Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Hackney Road, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Email: [email protected] b The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia 5005 c National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens of Victoria, Birdwood Avenue, South Yarra, Victoria 3141 Email: [email protected] Abstract: The tribe Colletieae (Rhamnaceae) is reviewed for Australia. It is primarily South American, but two species of Discaria Hook., D. pubescens (Brongn.) Druce and D. nitida Tortosa, occur in south-eastern Australia and Tasmania. The two species are described and illustrated. A hybrid taxon sometimes occurs in areas where the two species are sympatric. The history and typification of the name D. pubescens and its synonyms is discussed and clarified. Keywords: Taxonomy, nomenclature, pre-1958 holotype, Rhamnaceae, Colletieae, Discaria, South America, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria Introduction therein; Gotelli et al. 2012a, 2012b, 2020; Medan & Devoto 2017 and references therein). The tribe Colletieae Reiss. ex Endl. is comprised of 23 species in seven genera: Adolphia Meisn., Colletia Monophyly has been corroborated by a morphological Comm. ex A.Juss., Discaria Hook., Kentrothamnus analysis of the tribe (Aagesen 1999), by molecular Suess. & Overkott, Ochetophila Poepp. ex Endl., analyses at family level (Richardson et al. 2000; Retanilla (DC.) Brongn. and Trevoa Miers ex Hook. Hauenschild et al. 2016, 2018), by analyses of nearly The maximal species diversity of the tribe is found all species of the tribe combining morphology with south of 30° S and most of the distributions are loosely trnL-F sequence data (Aagesen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Lewton's Polygala Is a Perennial Herb That Occurs In
    Lewton’s Polygala Polygala lewtonii Small ewtons polygala is a perennial herb that occurs in Federal Status: Endangered (April 27, 1993) oak scrub and in high pine, but is more common in Critical Habitat: None Designated Lthe transitional areas between these two community Florida Status: Endangered types. Oak scrub and high pine have been and continue to be destroyed for agriculture and residential housing Recovery Plan Status: Revision (May 18, 1999) construction. As with many other rare endemic plants, Geographic Coverage: Rangewide protection of this species must be achieved through habitat acquisition and implementation of appropriate land management measures to protect the structure and Figure 1. County distribution of Lewton’s polygala. composition of oak scrub and high pine communities. This account represents a revision of the existing recovery plan for Lewtons polygala (FWS 1996). Description Polygala lewtonii is a relatively short-lived (5 to 10 year) perennial herb. Each plant produces one to several annual stems, which are spreading, upward-curving or erect, and are often branched. The leaves are small, sessile, rather succulent, broader toward the tip, and are borne upright, tending to overlap along the stem, like shingles. The normally opening flowers are in erect, loosely flowered racemes about 1.5 cm (Wunderlin et al. 1981) or 3.3 cm (Weekley 1996) long. The flowers are about 0.5 cm long and bright pink (Wunderlin et al. 1981) or purplish-red (Ward and Godfrey 1979). Two of the five sepals are enlarged and wing-like, between which the largest of the three petals forms a keel that ends in a tuft of finger-like projections (Ward and Godfrey 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • The Jujube Genome Provides Insights Into Genome Evolution and the Domestication of Sweetness/Acidity Taste in Fruit Trees
    RESEARCH ARTICLE The Jujube Genome Provides Insights into Genome Evolution and the Domestication of Sweetness/Acidity Taste in Fruit Trees Jian Huang1,2☯, Chunmei Zhang1,2☯, Xing Zhao3☯, Zhangjun Fei4☯, KangKang Wan3, Zhong Zhang1,2, Xiaoming Pang5, Xiao Yin1, Yang Bai4, Xiaoqing Sun3, Lizhi Gao6, Ruiqiang Li3, Jinbo Zhang3*, Xingang Li1,2* 1 College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, 2 Center for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China, 3 Novogene a11111 Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China, 4 Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 5 College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 6 Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] (XL); [email protected] (JZ) OPEN ACCESS Citation: Huang J, Zhang C, Zhao X, Fei Z, Wan K, Abstract Zhang Z, et al. (2016) The Jujube Genome Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is a popular fruit tree Provides Insights into Genome Evolution and the Domestication of Sweetness/Acidity Taste in Fruit species with immense economic and nutritional value. Here, we report a draft genome of the Trees. PLoS Genet 12(12): e1006433. doi:10.1371/ dry jujube cultivar `Junzao' and the genome resequencing of 31 geographically diverse journal.pgen.1006433 accessions of cultivated and wild jujubes (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa). Comparative analy- Editor: Gregory P. Copenhaver, The University of sis revealed that the genome of `Dongzao', a fresh jujube, was ~86.5 Mb larger than that of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES the `Junzao', partially due to the recent insertions of transposable elements in the `Dongzao' Received: June 14, 2016 genome.
    [Show full text]