DOCSLIB.ORG

Geologic Atlas of Blue Earth County, Minnesota

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Prepared and Published with the Support of COUNTY ATLAS SERIES THE BLUE EARTH COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS AND ATLAS C-26, PART A MINNESOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY the Minnesota ENVironment and Natural Resources Trust Fund Blue Earth County Harvey Thorleifson, Director as recommended by the LEGislatiVE-CitiZen Commission on Minnesota Resources Plate 2—Bedrock Geology NIC OLL ET COU NTY 7 Minnesota B BEDROCK GEOLOGY Ka 44°15' N. 285 300 R. 29 W. Kd m STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN River 285 By 240 s 94° W. e i Lithostratigraphic r Composite natural gamma log 255 NICOLLET LE SUEUR COUNTY R. 26 W. COUNTY R. 25 W. e unit S 270 - e 315 Increasing count 330 Era m Lithology Kd e T. 109 N. sl Os 315 Julia R. Steenberg t Group, 0 100 s 24 Map symbol 19 y 300 300 24 24 Formation 270 lr 19 S API-G units Oo Thickness (in feet) 300 River 285 LIME JAMESTOWN 345 94°15' W. 255 Kd Wita Kd Creek 315 2012 315 )68 j Kd Lake j Dakota Kd 5-90 m.y.) Upper Formation Os Y 300 (99.6-93.5 T Duck Cretaceous 300 lr Morgan Os Lake N T. 109 N. CAMBRIA U 315 O 300 Minnesota 240 Ballantyne C LOCATION DIAGRAM Oo 300 Lake R 270 Madison MESOZOIC R. 28 W. U 31 Kd 300 31 Oo Unnamed Ka Os E Kd 30-90 36 31 Eagle Lake lr lr 36 315 36 U 36 S Cretaceous 300 ) 31 300 22 (112-93.5 m.y.) (112-93.5 Gilfillin 315 E Lower to Upper Lake L Judson Lake 315 300 lr 240 1 6 Y 6 240 Os Platteville Formation 255 315 T Opg 6 Madison 5-20 1 1 N 6 Glenwood Formation Ph 1 255 U sl 255 1 CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS O )60 Upper 315 315 C Lake A j (450 m.y.) 315 C ? E Kd Upper Cretaceous 285 14 Kd S Lithology Key 315 A St. Peter Osp W unconformity MESOZOIC Sandstone Mankato Mud Os 90-100 Lake Limestone Ka Lower to Upper Cretaceous? w j R. 27 W. Armstrong 300 )68 315 Lake Os 315 unconformity Lieberg Middle (458 m.y.) 315 Dolostone Lake Eagle Os T. 108 N. 300 300 Opg Lake Upper Ordovician n a Oo 255 Kd i c Sandy dolostone i sl v 255 o j 315 T. 108 N. Osp 169 Middle Ordovician d 255 j )83 r Ops Sandstone A 285 A' O Oo unconformity Very fine- to fine-grained Minneopa 300 Oo Oo Shakopee 300 300 Oo j 300 Os 300 300 315 Os Formation Creek 80-140 Fine- to medium-grained Kd 300 300 300 Y 315 300 Kd Born T unconformity 240 Kd N Lower Ordovician BUTTERNUT VALLEY MANKATO Lake U JUDSON SOUTH BEND Kd 300 LERAY Medium- to coarse-grained 300 315 O Oo j 300 285 C Kd N Oo 315 unconformity Kd 315 Lower (488-478 m.y.) Shaly Prairie du Chien Group W 31 300 j PALEOZOIC O 36 31 285 300 R Lily 270 Kd B Lake 300 36 31 31 Oneota 300 Oo36 31 300 300 36 36 sl sl Kd Dolomite Oo Siltstone Crystal 300 300Oo 60-100 Le Sueur Upper Cambrian Lake 300 270 315 lr Shale 300 1 6 6 1 6 Kd 1 Loon 1 6 unconformity 255 6 315 Lake Crystal Lake 300 1 w Chert 300 j Kd 315 Kd 300 e Oolites )60 lr Jordan River Oo Os 300 Kd 255 Middle Cambrian Sandstone j )66 St. Clair G Glauconite m 60-100 WATONWAN COUNTY WATONWAN Mills 255 Oo Lake Oo Oo unconformity Ph Phosphate grains 300 300 lr j Kd Le Sueur Phs Algal domes; stromatolites Blue j 300 unconformity MESOPROTEROZOIC j T. 107 N. LINCOLN 285 G Fossils (not used in limestone or GARDEN CITY Oo 315 dolostone units) Earth RAPIDAN DECORIA St. Lawrence C River MCPHERSON sl G Burrowed T. 107 N. Formation sl G 45-80 River PALEOZOIC Pebbles (gravel in unconsolidated units) j 315 G 300 G River Flat-pebble conglomerate Cobb G Garden Kd Rice Cross-bedded (festoon) Lake G City 285 300 River 300 285 300 315 MAP SYMBOLS Cross-bedded (planar to tangential) Lone Rock G lr G Upper Cambrian (501-488 m.y.) Formation Geologic contact—Approximately located. G Ripple cross-laminations Oo 100-130 31 36 31 300 Bedrock outcrop. 36 31 315 G 36 31 31 City Group Tunnel Dolomitic 36 Osp Location of geologic cross section. G 36 A A' 300 315 G G Calcareous 300 G Os Contact marks a major erosional surface 6 1 285 285 300 sl 6 285 1 6 1 6 300 Cobb Wonewoc 300 Watonwan 1 6 )83 1 w Facies change Maple Sandstone 315 50-80 River Good River 285 Kd Thunder 315 93°45' N. This gamma log is a compilation of five borehole Little Os geophysical logs collected from water wells in Blue 315 Pemberton G G 93°45' N. 800 Earth and Nicollet Counties; unique numbers 270341, sl 300 770449, 213694, 213696, and 209876. G G M Eau Claire 300 315 e G M 60-80 Formation G sl Severson315 300 Perch Lake F Kd Perch Lake T. 106 N. sl 300 Creek VERNON CENTER F sl LYRA BEAUFORD 285 MEDO 315 CERESCO T. 106 N. j M Oo Figure 1. Elevation of the stratigraphic lr 315 Vernon Cobb F tops of the Jordan and Wonewoc 285 j Center Kd 315 315 300 315 Sandstones in Blue Earth County, 315 River 800 F 800 315 315 showing the geologic structure of 750 Paleozoic bedrock. Contour interval is M Mt. Simon F 50 feet (15 meters), scale 1:450,000. In m 315 Sandstone 300 315 areas where some or all of the Jordan 31 Oo Cottonwood Middle Cambrian (504-501 m.y.) 36 31 36 31 Lake 700 and Wonewoc Sandstones are missing 650 approximately 150-350 315 36 31 36 36 31 650 because of erosion, the contours are 700 300 315 300 inferred from projection vertically 315 315 315 from other formation contacts, using 6 Kd 6 315 1 1 F 6 169 1 6 the estimated full thickness of the 1 6 1 900 Willow eroded formations, and shown with Mapleton Os 600 315 800 315 850 dashed line. The inferred traces of Creek 315 315 750 Ida Maple folds are shown. MESOPROTEROZOIC Lake Phs Perch (1200-900 M.Y. AGO) EXPLANATION thousands j 315 Knights Top of the Jordan Sandstone PLEASANT River sl Lake Osp 315 Os Top of the Wonewoc Sandstone Creek Blue 315 Osp Axial trace, syncline MOUND 315 SHELBY Oo STERLING MAPLETON DANVILLE MF 315 Axial trace, anticline T. 105 N. 315 )30 )30 Earth )30 T. 105 N. S N Amboy Rice 315 River Y 330 Lura T 315 N Lake U 315 Maple 315 O Kd 315 C Slough Y Kd Creek T N 330 N A Opg Big U W 315 )22 O N Os Cobb River C O 31 315 T 36 36 31 A A 31 36 31 C Hagar City Member 31 River E W 315 36 36 S Figure 2. Map of the first vertical derivative 315 Opg A MARTIN COUNTY R. 29 W. W F Oneota FARIBAULT COUNTY R. 28 W. magnetic anomaly data of Blue Earth County 94°15' W. R. 27 W. R. 26 W. Dolomite 94° W. R. 25 W. FARIBAULT COUNTY (Chandler and Lively, 2007). Lighter colors Digital base modified from the Minnesota Department of B' 800 Transportation BaseMap data; digital base annotation by indicate more magnetic. The structure contours GIS compilation by Julia Steenberg 750 the Minnesota Geological Survey. SCALE 1:100 000 of the stratigraphic top of the Wonewoc Sandstone Edited by Lori Robinson 775 M 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 MILES Elevation contours were derived from the U.S. Geological F 500 are overlain on this image showing a prominent Survey 30-meter Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by the anticline feature in the western portion of the map Blue Earth 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 KILOMETERS F siltstone Minnesota Geological Survey. area, based on the current well coverage. There is a Universal Transverse Mercator Projection, grid zone 15 550 Coon Valley subtle contrast in trends of the magnetic anomalies Member 1983 North American Datum CONTOUR INTERVAL 15 METERS Kasota ? from southwest–northeast in the southwestern sandstone ? 725 portion of the map area to southeast–northwest G G ORDOVICIAN 700 in the west-central part of the map area, possibly ? ? CAMBRIAN 600 reflecting a deep basement fold or fault structure. Jordan 650 This trend appears to coincide with the structural Sandstone cross section B-B' A A' grain of the Wonewoc Sandstone, suggesting that 1 meter 1,000 1,000 Paleozoic bedrock was displaced by reactivation unconsolidated Quaternary sediment Oo Oo Kd Oo unconsolidated Quaternary sediment Kd Os of the deep basement structural feature. Black 800 sl j Oo Os 800 Figure 3. Schematic stratigraphic section through the Late Cambrian Jordan Sandstone and the Oo line shows county boundary and pink lines show lr j Early Ordovician Oneota Dolomite depicting the stratigraphic relationships within the Hager City 600 w sl 600 structure contours. Inferred folds are also shown e and Coon Valley Members of the Oneota Dolomite from the Mankato area (N) to southeast Blue lr in black; scale 1:500,000. 400 m 400 Earth County (S). The Kasota sandstone, though equivalent in age to the lower part of the Coon ? w e Valley Member (Early Ordovician), was mapped as Jordan Sandstone (Late Cambrian) because 200 ? Archean and Paleoproterozoic rocks, undivided m 200 ? Phs the units cannot be distinguished from each other based on subsurface data.
Recommended publications
  • A Hydrogeologic and Mapping Investigation of the St. Lawrence Formation in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area Executive Summary T

    A Hydrogeologic and Mapping Investigation of the St. Lawrence Formation in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area Executive Summary T

    Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS) Open File Report 06-04 (Open File Reports are not subjected to conventional MGS editorial standards) A HYDROGEOLOGIC AND MAPPING INVESTIGATION OF THE ST. LAWRENCE FORMATION IN THE TWIN CITIES METROPOLITAN AREA Runkel, A.C., Mossler, J.H., Tipping, R.G., and Bauer, E.J. Minnesota Geological Survey 2642 University Ave W., St. Paul, Minnesota 55114-1057 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report summarizes the results of a two year project conducted by the Minnesota Geological Survey to map the Upper Cambrian St. Lawrence Formation and investigate its hydrologic properties in the Twin Cities Metropolitan area (TCMA). Funding was provided by the Minnesota Department of Health. Final products are a map delivered in electronic format that can be used with Arcview 3.2 GIS software, and this informal report. Our hydrogeologic study indicates that the St. Lawrence Formation commonly has a moderate to high horizontal hydraulic conductivity across all of the study area. In conditions of shallow burial beneath younger bedrock it is most similar in the development of secondary pores and measured hydraulic properties to fractured carbonate rock aquifers. Discrete intervals with secondary pores have a high horizontal hydraulic conductivity whereas rock between these intervals are orders of magnitude lower in conductivity. The properties of the St. Lawrence Formation in a vertical direction are not as well- understood, but available data are consistent with the traditional classification of the formation as an aquitard. However, the integrity of the formation as an aquitard in a vertical direction, particularly under conditions of shallow burial such as where it is uppermost bedrock, has not been rigorously tested, and may be markedly variable across the TCMA.
  • Hydrogeology and Stratigraphy of the Dakota Formation in Northwest Iowa

    Hydrogeology and Stratigraphy of the Dakota Formation in Northwest Iowa

    WATER SUPPLY HYDROGEOLOGY AND J.A. MUNTER BULLETIN G.A. LUDVIGSON NUMBER 13 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE B.J. BUNKER 1983 DAKOTA FORMATION IN NORTHWEST IOWA Iowa Geological Survey Donald L. Koch State Geologist and Director 123 North Capitol Street Iowa City, Iowa 52242 IOWA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY BULLETIN NO. 13 1983 HYDROGEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE DAKOTA FORMATION IN NORTHWEST IOWA J. A. Munter G. A. Ludvigson B. J. Bunker Iowa Geological Survey Iowa Geological Survey Donald L. Koch Director and State Geologist 123 North Capitol Street Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Foreword An assessment of the quantity and quality of water available from the Dakota (Sandstone) Formation 1n northwest Iowa is presented in this report. The as sessment was undertaken to provide quantitative information on the hydrology of the Dakota aquifer system to the Iowa Natural Resources Council for alloca tion of water for irrigation, largely as a consequence of the 1976-77 drought. Most area wells for domestic, livestock, and irrigation purposes only partial ly penetrated the Dakota Formation. Consequently, the long-term effects of significant increases in water withdrawals could not be assessed on the basis of existing wells. Acquisition of new data was based upon a drilling program designed to penetrate the entire sequence of Dakota sediments at key loca tions, after a thorough inventory and analysis of existing data. Definition of the distribution, thickness, and lateral and vertical changes in composition of the Dakota Formation has permitted the recognition of two mem bers. Additionally, Identification of the rock units that underlie the Dakota Formation has contributed greatly to our knowledge of the regional geology of northwest Iowa and the upper midwest.
  • Minnesota's Mineral Heritage

    Minnesota's Mineral Heritage

    MINNESOTA'S MINERAL HERITAGE CONSERVATION BULLETIN NUMBER TWELVE MINNESOTA OF CONSERVATION This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp (Funding for document digitization was provided, in part, by a grant from the Minnesota Historical & Cultural Heritage Program.) Author's Foreword Our natural resources constitute the foundations· of our well-being. the means of our protection, the hope of our future. The resources of any region determine to a marked degree .the activity of its inhabitants. Minnesota, though known as an agricultural state, has great mineral wealth and many of its citizens are engaged in mineral industries. Only ten states exceed Minnesota in the value of their annual mineral output. Of these ten, six are the great oil-producing states, three are the coal-producting states of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Illinois, and one is California with its oil and gold. All of the mineral substances produced from the rocks of the states may be considered industrial minerals. Some are metals and others are non-metals. Metal mining· is restricted to the iron ranges, but the non-metals include a great variety of materials, such as limestone, agricultural lime, dolomite, marl, sand and gravel, clays and shales, wool rock, structural and architectural stone, etc., which are excavated and processed at many different places in the state. In the preparation of the articles in this bulletin, the main objective of the author was to acquaint the citizens of the state with the nature and extent of our mineral heritage.
  • Limestone & Dolomite

    Limestone & Dolomite

    Issue Number: 20 Limestone & Dolomite Date: March 2009 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE / PREPARATION AND Both materials may contain trace OF THE COMPANY / UNDERTAKING quantities of other minerals, metal salts, halides. 1.1 Identification of the substance or preparation This datasheet applies to the following products: 3.1.1 Limestone Composition 1.1.1 Limestone: Limestone Aggregates, Granules and Powders Calcium Carbonate Substance Tradenames: Superlon, Longcal and Longcliffe CaCO3 Trivial Chemical Description: Natural Calcium Carbonate Limestone Name 1.1.2 Dolomite: Magnesium Limestone Aggregates, Granules and Powders CAS 1317-65-3 Tradenames: Golconda Number EINECS Chemical Description: Natural Calcium Magnesium Carbonate 215-279-6 Number 1.2 Use of the substance/preparation Powders and granules typically used as inert filler material in applications such 3.1.2 Dolomite Composition as plastics and rubber and building products. Also used in soil stabilization, Calcium Magnesium animal and pet feeds, and glass manufacture. Aggregates used in concrete, Substance Carbonate construction and landscaping. CaMg(CO3)2 Trivial Dolomite 1.3 Company identification Name Longcliffe Quarries Ltd CAS 16389-88-1 Brassington, Matlock, Derbyshire, DE4 4BZ Number EINECS Telephone : +44 (0)1629 540284 Fax :+44 (0)1629 540569 240-440-2 Number E-mail: [email protected] 3.2 Components presenting a 1.4 Emergency telephone health hazard Emergency telephone number available during office hours: 01629 540284 The products contain no Emergency telephone number available outside office hours: No components classified as dangerous according to EC 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION directive 1999/45/EC. The products contain no substances classified as being hazardous to health according to EC directive 1999/45/EC.
  • Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms

    Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms

    Title 430 – National Soil Survey Handbook Part 629 – Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms Subpart A – General Information 629.0 Definition and Purpose This glossary provides the NCSS soil survey program, soil scientists, and natural resource specialists with landform, geologic, and related terms and their definitions to— (1) Improve soil landscape description with a standard, single source landform and geologic glossary. (2) Enhance geomorphic content and clarity of soil map unit descriptions by use of accurate, defined terms. (3) Establish consistent geomorphic term usage in soil science and the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS). (4) Provide standard geomorphic definitions for databases and soil survey technical publications. (5) Train soil scientists and related professionals in soils as landscape and geomorphic entities. 629.1 Responsibilities This glossary serves as the official NCSS reference for landform, geologic, and related terms. The staff of the National Soil Survey Center, located in Lincoln, NE, is responsible for maintaining and updating this glossary. Soil Science Division staff and NCSS participants are encouraged to propose additions and changes to the glossary for use in pedon descriptions, soil map unit descriptions, and soil survey publications. The Glossary of Geology (GG, 2005) serves as a major source for many glossary terms. The American Geologic Institute (AGI) granted the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) permission (in letters dated September 11, 1985, and September 22, 1993) to use existing definitions. Sources of, and modifications to, original definitions are explained immediately below. 629.2 Definitions A. Reference Codes Sources from which definitions were taken, whole or in part, are identified by a code (e.g., GG) following each definition.
  • The Condition of Minnesota's Groundwater, 2007-2011

    The Condition of Minnesota's Groundwater, 2007-2011

    The Condition of Minnesota’s Groundwater, 2007 - 2011 August 2013 Authors Sharon Kroening Mark Ferrey The MPCA is reducing printing and mailing costs by Acknowledgements using the Internet to distribute reports and information to wider audience. Visit our website for The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency thanks the more information. following individuals for their reviews of this report. MPCA reports are printed on 100% post-consumer Byron Adams, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency recycled content paper manufactured without chlorine or chlorine derivatives. Dr. Melinda Erickson, US Geological Survey John Hines, Minnesota Department of Agriculture Brennon Schaefer, Minnesota Department of Agriculture Andrew Streitz, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Bill VanRyswyk, Minnesota Department of Agriculture Dave Wall, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency also thanks the following for the long hours of sampling required for this study: David Duffey, Gerald Flom, Mark Lunda, Meghan McGinn, and Sophia Vaughan Project dollars provided by the Clean Water Fund (from the Clean Water, Land and Legacy Amendment). Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette Road North | Saint Paul, MN 55155-4194 | www.pca.state.mn.us | 651-296-6300 Toll free 800-657-3864 | TTY 651-282-5332 This report is available in alternative formats upon request, and online at www.pca.state.mn.us . Document number: wq-am1-06 Contents Contents .............................................................................................................................................
  • The Geology of the New Richmond Sandstone, Prairie Du Chien Group, Southeastern Minnesota

    The Geology of the New Richmond Sandstone, Prairie Du Chien Group, Southeastern Minnesota

    The Geology of the New Richmond Sandstone, Prairie du Chien Group, Southeastern Minnesota Cristina Robins Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2005 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, USA i The Geology of the New Richmond Sandstone, Prairie du Chien Group, Southeastern Minnesota Cristina Robins Carleton College Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2004 Advisor: Dr. Clint Cowan, Carleton College Abstract: This study examines the New Richmond Sandstone, a relatively unknown heterolithic assemblage of sandstone, carbonate, and shale that is commonly considered part of the Shakopee formation of the Prairie du Chien group. Stratigraphic columns constructed from seven outcrops of the New Richmond in southeastern Minnesota and northeastern Iowa show that it varies between 7 m and 20 m in thickness within the study area and consists of two facies: the Prairie Island and the Root Valley. Previous studies found that the New Richmond was deposited in part through eolian action. SEM studies of individual grains did not confirm this. Keywords: New Richmond, sandstone, Shakopee, Prairie du Chien, Ordovician, stratigraphy, SEM data, Minnesota ii Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Literature Review .................................................................................................. 1 The Prairie du Chien Group .................................................................................
  • The Influence of Karst Aquifer Mineralogy And

    The Influence of Karst Aquifer Mineralogy And

    water Article The Influence of Karst Aquifer Mineralogy and Geochemistry on Groundwater Characteristics: West Bank, Palestine Hassan Jebreen 1,* , Andre Banning 1 , Stefan Wohnlich 1, Andrea Niedermayr 1, Marwan Ghanem 2 and Frank Wisotzky 1 1 Hydrogeology Department, Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany; [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (F.W.) 2 Department of Geography, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, Palestine; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-234-322-5387 Received: 31 October 2018; Accepted: 7 December 2018; Published: 11 December 2018 Abstract: This work reports, for the first time, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of karst aquifers in the Central West Bank (CWB) catchment in Palestine. It provides an integrated study approach by correlating the geochemistry of the lithology and hydrochemical data of groundwater samples. Mineralogical analysis showed that all of the samples were dominantly composed of either calcite CaCO3 (5–100 wt. %) or dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 (4–100 wt. %), with minor amounts of quartz and feldspar, which is supported by the inorganic carbon content (9–13 wt. %) and hydrochemical composition of the spring water samples. The whole-rock geochemical data indicated that the samples have low contents of trace elements and transition metals. In contrast, the concentrations of alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and Mn were high in the rock and groundwater samples. Generally, the trace elements of rock samples with concentrations >10 ppm included Sr (17–330 ppm), Mn (17–367 ppm), Ba (2–32 ppm), W (5–37 ppm), Cr (3–23 ppm), Zn (1.7–28 ppm), V (4–23 ppm), and Zr (1–22 ppm), while the concentrations of all the other trace elements was below 10 ppm.
  • The Natural History of Pikes Peak State Park, Clayton County, Iowa ______

    The Natural History of Pikes Peak State Park, Clayton County, Iowa ______

    THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PIKES PEAK STATE PARK, CLAYTON COUNTY, IOWA ___________________________________________________ edited by Raymond R. Anderson Geological Society of Iowa ______________________________________ November 4, 2000 Guidebook 70 Cover photograph: Photograph of a portion of the boardwalk trail near Bridal Veil Falls in Pikes Peak State Park. The water falls over a ledge of dolomite in the McGregor Member of the Platteville Formation that casts the dark shadow in the center of the photo. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PIKES PEAK STATE PARK CLAYTON COUNTY, IOWA Edited by: Raymond R. Anderson and Bill J. Bunker Iowa Department Natural Resources Geological Survey Bureau Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1319 with contributions by: Kim Bogenschutz William Green John Pearson Iowa Dept. Natural Resources Office of the State Archaeologist Parks, Rec. & Preserves Division Wildlife Research Station 700 Clinton Street Building Iowa Dept. Natural Resources 1436 255th Street Iowa City IA 52242-1030 Des Moines, IA 50319 Boone, IA 50036 Richard Langel Chris Schneider Scott Carpenter Iowa Dept. Natural Resources Dept. of Geological Sciences Department of Geoscience Geological Survey Bureau Univ. of Texas at Austin The University of Iowa Iowa City, IA 52242-1319 Austin, TX 78712 Iowa City, IA 52242-1379 John Lindell Elizabeth Smith Norlene Emerson U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Department of Geosciences Dept. of Geology & Geophysics Upper Mississippi Refuge University of Massachusetts University of Wisconsin- Madison McGregor District Office Amherst, MA 01003 Madison WI 53706 McGregor, IA 52157 Stephanie Tassier-Surine Jim Farnsworth Greg A. Ludvigson Iowa Dept. Natural Resources Parks, Rec. & Preserves Division Iowa Dept. Natural Resources Geological Survey Bureau Iowa Dept.
  • Paleozoic Stratigraphic Nomenclature for Wisconsin (Wisconsin

    Paleozoic Stratigraphic Nomenclature for Wisconsin (Wisconsin

    UNIVERSITY EXTENSION The University of Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Information Circular Number 8 Paleozoic Stratigraphic Nomenclature For Wisconsin By Meredith E. Ostrom"'" INTRODUCTION The Paleozoic stratigraphic nomenclature shown in the Oronto a Precambrian age and selected the basal contact column is a part of a broad program of the Wisconsin at the top of the uppermost volcanic bed. It is now known Geological and Natural History Survey to re-examine the that the Oronto is unconformable with older rocks in some Paleozoic rocks of Wisconsin and is a response to the needs areas as for example at Fond du Lac, Minnesota, where of geologists, hydrologists and the mineral industry. The the Outer Conglomerate and Nonesuch Shale are missing column was preceded by studies of pre-Cincinnatian cyclical and the younger Freda Sandstone rests on the Thompson sedimentation in the upper Mississippi valley area (Ostrom, Slate (Raasch, 1950; Goldich et ai, 1961). An unconformity 1964), Cambro-Ordovician stratigraphy of southwestern at the upper contact in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan Wisconsin (Ostrom, 1965) and Cambrian stratigraphy in has been postulated by Hamblin (1961) and in northwestern western Wisconsin (Ostrom, 1966). Wisconsin wlle're Atwater and Clement (1935) describe un­ A major problem of correlation is the tracing of outcrop conformities between flat-lying quartz sandstone (either formations into the subsurface. Outcrop definitions of Mt. Simon, Bayfield, or Hinckley) and older westward formations based chiefly on paleontology can rarely, if dipping Keweenawan volcanics and arkosic sandstone. ever, be extended into the subsurface of Wisconsin because From the above data it would appear that arkosic fossils are usually scarce or absent and their fragments cari rocks of the Oronto Group are unconformable with both seldom be recognized in drill cuttings.
  • Review & Evaluation of Groundwater Contamination & Proposed Remediation

    Review & Evaluation of Groundwater Contamination & Proposed Remediation

    -1 r r n CONFIDENTIAL REVIEW AND EVALUATION r OF GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION AND PROPOSED REMEDIATION AT THE REILLY TAR SITE, ST. LOUIS PARK, MINNESOTA r. c Prepared by L Dr. James W. Mercer GeoTrans, inc. 209 Elden Street Herndon, Virginia 22070 [ Report to L U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region V, Remedial Response Branch (5HR-13) Chicago, Illinois 60604 December 1984 L ieoT L GEOTRANS, INC. lrran« s P.O. Box 2550 Reston.Virginia 22090 USA (703)435-4400 EPA Region 5 Recorcte Ctr. i inn minium iflBiniiiiiiiw L 234542 r. CONFIDENTIAL REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION AND PROPOSED REMEDIATION AT THE REILLY TAR SITE, ST. LOUIS PARK, MINNESOTA Prepared By Dr. James W. Mercer GeoTrans, Inc. 209 El den Street Herndon, Virginia 22070 Report To U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region V, Remedial Response Branch (5HR-13) Chicago, Illinois 60604 December 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1 1.2 SITE HISTORY 2 2.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4 2.1 CONCLUSIONS 4 2.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 6 3.0 SITE HYDROGEOLOGY 7 3.1 GEOLOGY 7 3.1.1 Stratigraphy 7 3.1.2 Geomorphic Features 14 3.2 GROUND-WATER HYDROLOGY 17 3.2.1 Flow Directions 17 3.2.1.1 Mount Simon-Hinckley Aquifer 17 3.2.1.2 Ironton-Galesville Aquifer 25 3.2.1.3 Prairie du Chien-Jordan Aquifer 25 3.2.1.4 St. Peter Aquifer 29 3.2.1.5 Drift-Platteville Aquifers 33 3.2.1.6 Vertical Gradients 35 3.2.2 Flow Properties 35 3.3 CHEMISTRY 39 4.0 GROUND-WATER MODELING 42 4.1 CODE SELECTED 42 4.2 GEOMETRY 43
  • Hydrothermal-Sedimentary Dolomite

    Hydrothermal-Sedimentary Dolomite

    Zhang et al. Journal of Palaeogeography (2020) 9:24 https://doi.org/10.1186/s42501-020-00070-0 Journal of Palaeogeography ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite — a case from the Middle Permian in eastern Junggar Basin, China Shuai Zhang1,2,3,4, Yi-Qun Liu1,2*, Hong Li1,2, Xin Jiao1,2 and Ding-Wu Zhou1,2 Abstract The Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag, eastern Junggar Basin, NW China, was deposited in a salt lake within an intracontinental rift basin with intense hydrothermal activity. Hydrothermal-sedimentary dolomite in the form of three types of dolostones, namely, analcime-feldspar dolostone (AFD), silicic dolostone (SD) and buddingtonite-albite dolostone (BAD), related to syn-sedimentary hydrothermal activity at lake bottom was discovered. The characteristics and formation mechanism of the dolomite were studied based on micron-scale petrographic and isotopic geochemical research. The syn-depositional formation of these dolostones was indicated by their rock-mineral features and syn-sedimentary deformation stage. The dolomite was composed of relatively poorly ordered proto-dolomite crystals with micron-sized spherical or sub-spherical morphology and coexisted with hydrothermal minerals, including analcime, buddingtonite, albite and chalcedony. Albite clasts were replaced by the dolomite, indicating high-temperature conditions during formation. The remarkably low strontium isotopic compositions of the dolostones (87Sr/86Sr with an average of 0.705687) indicated that mantle-derived materials 13 might have involved in the ore-forming fluid. The dolostones had positive δ CPDB values (with an average of 18 18 6.94‰) and negative δ OPDB values (with an average of − 8.12‰).