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Diversity and Structure of Bird and Mammal Communities in the Semiarid Chaco Region: Response to Agricultural Practices and Landscape Alterations
Diversity and structure of bird and mammal communities in the Semiarid Chaco Region: response to agricultural practices and landscape alterations Julieta Decarre March 2015 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Division of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London 2 Imperial College London Department of Life Sciences Diversity and structure of bird and mammal communities in the Semiarid Chaco Region: response to agricultural practices and landscape alterations Supervised by Dr. Chris Carbone Dr. Cristina Banks-Leite Dr. Marcus Rowcliffe Imperial College London Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London 3 Declaration of Originality I herewith certify that the work presented in this thesis is my own and all else is referenced appropriately. I have used the first-person plural in recognition of my supervisors’ contribution. People who provided less formal advice are named in the acknowledgments. Julieta Decarre 4 Copyright Declaration The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives licence. Researchers are free to copy, distribute or transmit the thesis on the condition that they attribute it, that they do not use it for commercial purposes and that they do not alter, transform or build upon it. For any reuse or redistribution, researchers must make clear to others the licence terms of this work 5 “ …and we wandered for about four hours across the dense forest…Along the path I could see several footprints of wild animals, peccaries, giant anteaters, lions, and the footprint of a tiger, that is the first one I saw.” - Emilio Budin, 19061 I dedicate this thesis To my mother and my father to Virginia, Juan Martin and Alejandro, for being there through space and time 1 Book: “Viajes de Emilio Budin: La Expedición al Chaco, 1906-1907”. -
Darwin Initiative Action Plan for the Coastal Biodiversity of Anegada, British Virgin Islands
Darwin Initiative Action Plan for the Coastal Biodiversity of Anegada, British Virgin Islands Darwin Anegada BAP 2006 Page We dedicate this document to the people of Anegada; the stewards of Anegada’s biodiversity and to Raymond Walker of the BVI National Parks Trust who tragically died after a very short illness during the course of this project. This report should be cited as: McGowan A., A.C.Broderick, C.Clubbe, S.Gore, B.J.Godley, M.Hamilton, B.Lettsome, J.Smith-Abbott, N.K.Woodfield. 2006. Darwin Initiative Action Plan for the Coastal Biodiversity of Anegada, British Virgin Islands. 13 pp. Available online at: http://www.seaturtle.org/mtrg/projects/anegada/ Darwin Anegada BAP 2006 Page 2 1. Introduction It well known that Anegada has globally important biodiversity. Indeed, biodiversity is the basis for most livelihoods; supporting fisheries and leading to the attractiveness that is such a draw to visitors. Over the last three years (2003-2006), a project was undertaken on Anegada with a wide range of activities focussing towards this Biodiversity Action Plan. From the outset it was known that the island hosts a globally important coral reef system, regionally significant populations of marine turtles, is of regional importance to birds and supports globally important endemic plants. The project arose following the encouragement of Anegada community members and subsequent extensive consultation between Dr. Godley (University of Exeter) and heads of BVI Conservation and Fisheries Department (CFD) and BVI National Parks Trust (NPT) who requested that funding be sourced for a project which: 1. Allowed the coastal biodiversity of Anegada to be assessed; 2. -
List of and Notes on the Birds of the Iles Des Saintes, French West Indies
LIST OF AND NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF THE ILES DES SAINTES, FRENCH WEST INDIES CHARLES VAURIE LES Saintes,a small archipelagothat lies south of Guadeloupe,has seldolnbeen visited by ornithologists.No list of its birdsseems to have beenpublished, although, to besure, 25 specieshave been mentioned froin theseislands by Noble (1916), Bond (1936, 1956), Danforth(1939), or Pinchonand Bon Saint-Come(1951). Three of thesewere recorded on doubtfulevidence and, pendingconfirmation, should be deletedfrom the list. Nineteen of the remaining 22 and an additional five were observedby me on 2-5 July 1960,when Mrs. Vaurie and I visitedthe FrenchWest Indiesfor the AmericanMuseum of Natural History. The speciesmentioned by Noble and Danforth were incorporatedin their reportson the birdsof Guadeloupe,those cited by Bondor Pinchonand Bon Saint-Comein generalworks on the birds of the West Indies. The birds reportedso far are listedbelow with a few notes. I aln grateful to James Bond for his very helpful advice, Eugene Eisenmannfor readingthe manuscript,and to the Gendarmerieof Basse Terre and Terre-de-haut for arranging our visit as there is no hotel in Les Saintes. Les Saintesare of volcanicorigin and are separatedfrom the Basse Terre in Guadeloupeby a stormychannel seven miles wide. They con- sist of two relativelylarge islandscalled Terre-de-bas and Terre-de-haut, the only islandsinhabited, and of six small islandsor islets, some of which appear to be the sites of sea-bird colonies. One of these, called La Redonde,lies only 300 metersoff Terre-de-hautbut, unfortunately, is quite inaccessibleas it risesperpendicularly out of the sea to a height of 46 metersand is poundedby huge waves that rise to nearly half its height. -
Hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) Research: Welfare-Conscious Study Techniques for Live Hummingbirds and Processing of Hummingbird Specimens
Special Publications Museum of Texas Tech University Number xx76 19xx January XXXX 20212010 Hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) Research: Welfare-conscious Study Techniques for Live Hummingbirds and Processing of Hummingbird Specimens Lisa A. Tell, Jenny A. Hazlehurst, Ruta R. Bandivadekar, Jennifer C. Brown, Austin R. Spence, Donald R. Powers, Dalen W. Agnew, Leslie W. Woods, and Andrew Engilis, Jr. Dedications To Sandra Ogletree, who was an exceptional friend and colleague. Her love for family, friends, and birds inspired us all. May her smile and laughter leave a lasting impression of time spent with her and an indelible footprint in our hearts. To my parents, sister, husband, and children. Thank you for all of your love and unconditional support. To my friends and mentors, Drs. Mitchell Bush, Scott Citino, John Pascoe and Bill Lasley. Thank you for your endless encouragement and for always believing in me. ~ Lisa A. Tell Front cover: Photographic images illustrating various aspects of hummingbird research. Images provided courtesy of Don M. Preisler with the exception of the top right image (courtesy of Dr. Lynda Goff). SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS Museum of Texas Tech University Number 76 Hummingbird (Family Trochilidae) Research: Welfare- conscious Study Techniques for Live Hummingbirds and Processing of Hummingbird Specimens Lisa A. Tell, Jenny A. Hazlehurst, Ruta R. Bandivadekar, Jennifer C. Brown, Austin R. Spence, Donald R. Powers, Dalen W. Agnew, Leslie W. Woods, and Andrew Engilis, Jr. Layout and Design: Lisa Bradley Cover Design: Lisa A. Tell and Don M. Preisler Production Editor: Lisa Bradley Copyright 2021, Museum of Texas Tech University This publication is available free of charge in PDF format from the website of the Natural Sciences Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University (www.depts.ttu.edu/nsrl). -
The Journal of Caribbean Ornithology
THE J OURNAL OF CARIBBEAN ORNITHOLOGY SOCIETY FOR THE C ONSERVATION AND S TUDY OF C ARIBBEAN B IRDS S OCIEDAD PARA LA C ONSERVACIÓN Y E STUDIO DE LAS A VES C ARIBEÑAS ASSOCIATION POUR LA C ONSERVATION ET L’ E TUDE DES O ISEAUX DE LA C ARAÏBE 2005 Vol. 18, No. 1 (ISSN 1527-7151) Formerly EL P ITIRRE CONTENTS RECUPERACIÓN DE A VES M IGRATORIAS N EÁRTICAS DEL O RDEN A NSERIFORMES EN C UBA . Pedro Blanco y Bárbara Sánchez ………………....................................................................................................................................................... 1 INVENTARIO DE LA A VIFAUNA DE T OPES DE C OLLANTES , S ANCTI S PÍRITUS , C UBA . Bárbara Sánchez ……..................... 7 NUEVO R EGISTRO Y C OMENTARIOS A DICIONALES S OBRE LA A VOCETA ( RECURVIROSTRA AMERICANA ) EN C UBA . Omar Labrada, Pedro Blanco, Elizabet S. Delgado, y Jarreton P. Rivero............................................................................... 13 AVES DE C AYO C ARENAS , C IÉNAGA DE B IRAMA , C UBA . Omar Labrada y Gabriel Cisneros ……………........................ 16 FORAGING B EHAVIOR OF T WO T YRANT F LYCATCHERS IN T RINIDAD : THE G REAT K ISKADEE ( PITANGUS SULPHURATUS ) AND T ROPICAL K INGBIRD ( TYRANNUS MELANCHOLICUS ). Nadira Mathura, Shawn O´Garro, Diane Thompson, Floyd E. Hayes, and Urmila S. Nandy........................................................................................................................................ 18 APPARENT N ESTING OF S OUTHERN L APWING ON A RUBA . Steven G. Mlodinow................................................................ -
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut Und Museum Alexander
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Bonn zoological Bulletin - früher Bonner Zoologische Beiträge. Jahr/Year: 1984 Band/Volume: 35 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schuchmann Karl-Ludwig, Schuchmann-Wegert G Artikel/Article: Notes on the displays and mounting behaviour in the Purple-throated Carib Hummingbird (Eulampis jugularis) 327-334 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Bonn. zool. Beitr. 327 35 (1984), Heft 4 Notes on the displays and mounting behaviour in the Purple-throated Carib Hummingbird (Eulampis jugularis) by K.-L. SCHUCHMANN and G. SCHUCHMANN-WEGERT Since 1975 we have been studying the population dynamics, foraging strate- gies and reproduction biology of hummingbirds living on several islands in the Lesser Antilles, West Indies. Here, we summarize our observations made on Guadeloupe (Riflet), Dominica (Freshwater Lake, Morne Trois Pitons) and on St. Lucia (Edmond Forest Reserve, Mt. Gimie) of the displays and mounting be- haviour of the Purple-throated Carib Hummingbird {Eulampis jugularis), the largest species in the guild of Lesser Antillean trochilids (average body mass: 8.7 g, n = 19). Behavioral observations were also made on captive Eulampis jug- ularis kept in Bonn. Although some details on the displays and nesting habits of this species have been described (Bond 1941, Schuchmann 1977, Wolf 1975, Wolf & Wolf 1971) we will augment this published information and present some ideas on the adaptiveness of certain behaviours. The reproduction period The reproduction cycle of Eulampis jugularis falls into the months of January (earliest nesting date 3rd January 1978, Micoud, St. -
British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands Clive Petrovic, Esther Georges and Nancy Woodfield Andy McGowan Great Tobago General introduction The British Virgin Islands comprise more than 60 islands, and the Virgin Islands. These include the globally cays and rocks, with a total land area of approximately 58 threatened Cordia rupicola (CR), Maytenus cymosa (EN) and square miles (150 square km). This archipelago is located Acacia anegadensis (CR). on the Puerto Rican Bank in the north-east Caribbean at A quarter of the 24 reptiles and amphibians identified are approximately 18˚N and 64˚W. The islands once formed a endemic, including the Anegada Rock Iguana Cyclura continuous land mass with the US Virgin Islands and pinguis (CR), which is now restricted to Anegada. Other Puerto Rico, and were isolated only in relatively recent endemics include Anolis ernestwilliamsii, Eleutherodactylus geologic time. With the exception of the limestone island of schwartzi, the Anegada Ground Snake Alsophis portoricensis Anegada, the islands are volcanic in origin and are mostly anegadae, the Virgin Gorda Gecko Sphaerodactylus steep-sided with rugged topographic features and little flat parthenopian, the Virgin Gorda Worm Snake Typlops richardi land, surrounded by coral reefs. naugus, and the Anegada Worm Snake Typlops richardi Situated at the eastern end of the Greater Antilles chain, the catapontus. Other globally threatened reptiles within the islands experience a dry sub-tropical climate dominated by BVI include the Anolis roosevelti (CR) and Epicrates monensis the prevailing north-east trade winds. Maximum summer granti (EN). temperatures reach 31˚C; minimum winter temperatures Habitat alteration during the plantation era and the are 19˚C, and there is an average rainfall of 700 mm per introduction of invasive alien species has had major year with seasonal hurricane events. -
Preliminary Checklist of Extant Endemic Species and Subspecies of the Windward Dutch Caribbean (St
Preliminary checklist of extant endemic species and subspecies of the windward Dutch Caribbean (St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba and the Saba Bank) Authors: O.G. Bos, P.A.J. Bakker, R.J.H.G. Henkens, J. A. de Freitas, A.O. Debrot Wageningen University & Research rapport C067/18 Preliminary checklist of extant endemic species and subspecies of the windward Dutch Caribbean (St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba and the Saba Bank) Authors: O.G. Bos1, P.A.J. Bakker2, R.J.H.G. Henkens3, J. A. de Freitas4, A.O. Debrot1 1. Wageningen Marine Research 2. Naturalis Biodiversity Center 3. Wageningen Environmental Research 4. Carmabi Publication date: 18 October 2018 This research project was carried out by Wageningen Marine Research at the request of and with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality for the purposes of Policy Support Research Theme ‘Caribbean Netherlands' (project no. BO-43-021.04-012). Wageningen Marine Research Den Helder, October 2018 CONFIDENTIAL no Wageningen Marine Research report C067/18 Bos OG, Bakker PAJ, Henkens RJHG, De Freitas JA, Debrot AO (2018). Preliminary checklist of extant endemic species of St. Martin, St. Eustatius, Saba and Saba Bank. Wageningen, Wageningen Marine Research (University & Research centre), Wageningen Marine Research report C067/18 Keywords: endemic species, Caribbean, Saba, Saint Eustatius, Saint Marten, Saba Bank Cover photo: endemic Anolis schwartzi in de Quill crater, St Eustatius (photo: A.O. Debrot) Date: 18 th of October 2018 Client: Ministry of LNV Attn.: H. Haanstra PO Box 20401 2500 EK The Hague The Netherlands BAS code BO-43-021.04-012 (KD-2018-055) This report can be downloaded for free from https://doi.org/10.18174/460388 Wageningen Marine Research provides no printed copies of reports Wageningen Marine Research is ISO 9001:2008 certified. -
21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic
version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection. -
Foraging Behavior of Plain-Mantled Tit-Spinetail (Leptasthenura Aegithaloides) in Semiarid Matorral, North-Central Chile
ORNITOLOGIA NEOTROPICAL 22: 247–256, 2011 © The Neotropical Ornithological Society FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN-MANTLED TIT-SPINETAIL (LEPTASTHENURA AEGITHALOIDES) IN SEMIARID MATORRAL, NORTH-CENTRAL CHILE Andrew Engilis Jr. & Douglas A. Kelt Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology - University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Resumen. – Comportamiento de forrajeo del tijeral (Leptasthenura aegithaloides) en matorral semiárido, centro-norte de Chile. – Hemos estudiado el comportamiento de forrajeo del tijeral (Leptas- thenura aegithaloides) en el matorral del centro-norte de Chile. Se trata de una especie de la familia Fur- nariidae que es insectívora recolectora desde perchas. Frecuenta los arbustos más dominantes y busca presas y alimentos principalmente en el follaje, grupos de flores, pequeñas ramas y masas de líquenes. Los arbustos preferidos incluyen a Porlieria y Baccharis. Se alimentan desde alturas cercanas al suelo hasta arbustos superiores a dos metros de altura. Se los encuentra más frecuentemente en parejas o en grupos pequeños, posiblemente familias, de tres a cinco aves. Las densidades promedio en el matorral (1,49 - 1,69 aves por hectárea) son mayores que las reportadas para otros lugares. Los tijerales en el matorral forman grupos de especies mixtas con facilidad, especialmente en el invierno Austral. Su estrategia de forrajeo y su comportamiento son similares a las del Mito sastrecillo de América del Norte (Psaltriparus minimus) y del Mito común (Aegithalos caudatus), ambos de la familia Aegithalidae, sugir- iendo estrategias ecológicas convergentes en ambientes estructuralmente similares. Abstract. – We studied foraging behavior of Plain-mantled Tit-spinetail (Leptasthenura aegithaloides) in matorral (scrubland) habitat of north-central Chile. -
Bolivia: Endemic Macaws & More!
BOLIVIA: ENDEMIC MACAWS & MORE! PART II: FOOTHILLS, CLOUDFORESTS & THE ALTIPLANO SEPTEMBER 28–OCTOBER 8, 2018 Male Versicolored Barbet – Photo Andrew Whittaker LEADERS: ANDREW WHITTAKER & JULIAN VIDOZ LIST COMPILED BY: ANDREW WHITTAKER VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM Bolivia continued to exceed expectations on Part 2 of our tour! Steadily climbing up into the mighty ceiling of South America that is the Andes, we enjoyed exploring many more new, different, and exciting unspoiled bird-rich habitats, including magical Yungas cloudforest stretching as far as the eye could see; dry and humid Puna; towering snow-capped Andean peaks; vast stretches of Altiplano with its magical brackish lakes filled with immense numbers of glimmering flamingoes, and one of my favorite spots, the magnificent and famous Lake Titicaca (with its own flightless grebe). An overdose of stunning Andean scenery combined with marvelous shows of flowering plants enhanced our explorations of a never-ending array of different and exciting microhabitats for so many special and interesting Andean birds. We were rewarded with a fabulous trip record total of 341 bird species! Combining our two exciting Bolivia tours (Parts 1 and 2) gave us an all-time VENT record, an incredible grand total of 656 different bird species and 15 mammals! A wondrous mirage of glimmering pink hues of all three species of flamingos on the picturesque Bolivian Altiplano – Photo Andrew Whittaker Stunning Andes of Bolivia near Soroto on a clear day of our 2016 trip – Photo Andrew Whittaker Victor Emanuel Nature Tours 2 Bolivia Part 2, 2018 We began this second part of our Bolivian bird bonanza in the bustling city of Cochabamba, spending a fantastic afternoon birding the city’s rich lakeside in lovely late afternoon sun. -
Satellite Imagery Reveals New Critical Habitat for Endangered Bird Species in the High Andes of Peru
Vol. 13: 145–157, 2011 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online February 16 doi: 10.3354/esr00323 Endang Species Res OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Satellite imagery reveals new critical habitat for Endangered bird species in the high Andes of Peru Phred M. Benham1, Elizabeth J. Beckman1, Shane G. DuBay1, L. Mónica Flores2, Andrew B. Johnson1, Michael J. Lelevier1, C. Jonathan Schmitt1, Natalie A. Wright1, Christopher C. Witt1,* 1Museum of Southwestern Biology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110, USA 2Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima, Peru ABSTRACT: High-resolution satellite imagery that is freely available on Google Earth provides a powerful tool for quantifying habitats that are small in extent and difficult to detect by medium- resolution Landsat imagery. Relictual Polylepis forests of the high Andes are of critical importance to several globally threatened bird species, but, despite growing international attention to Polylepis conservation, many gaps remain in our knowledge of its distribution. We examined high-resolution satellite imagery in Google Earth to search for new areas of Polylepis in south-central Peru that potentially support Polylepis-specialist bird species. In central Apurímac an extensive region of high- resolution satellite imagery contained 127 Polylepis fragments, totaling 683.15 ha of forest ranging from 4000 to 4750 m a.s.l. Subsequent fieldwork confirmed the presence of mature Polylepis forest and all 6 Polylepis-specialist bird species, 5 of which are considered globally threatened. Our find- ings (1) demonstrate the utility of Google Earth for applied conservation and (2) suggest improved prospects for the persistence of the Polylepis-associated avifauna.