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Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Short Communication

Population status and distribution of Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii (Vigors, 1832) (Aves: : Ibidorhynchidae) in ,

Iqram Ul Haq, Bilal A. Bhat, Khursheed Ahmad & Asad R. Rahmani

26 May 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 6 | Pages: 18614–18617 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6632.13.6.18614-18617

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Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18614–18617 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6632.13.6.18614-18617

#6632 | Received 28 August 2020 | Final received 11 April 2021 | Finally accepted 12 May 2021 SHORT COMMUNICATION

Populaton status and distributon of Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii (Vigors, 1832) (Aves: Charadriiformes: Ibidorhynchidae) in Kashmir Valley, India

Iqram Ul Haq 1 , Bilal A. Bhat 2 , Khursheed Ahmad 3 & Asad R. Rahmani 4

1,2 P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, , Jammu & Kashmir 190006, India. 3 Division of Wildlife Sciences, Sher e Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir 191201, India. 4 701, Solitaire II, Eldeco Eden Park Estate, Kursi Road, Tedhipullia, Lucknow, Utar Pradesh 226022, India. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]

Abstract: A feld study was carried out for the frst tme in Kashmir 1,700–3,400 m with intermitent stretches of sand and Valley to investgate the populaton status and distributon of Ibisbill. silt, boulders, cobbles, and pebbles (Ye et al. 2013). The The inital reconnaissance surveys conducted across Kashmir Valley, indicated that the Lidder River in district and Sindh River in Ibisbill is a resident of the Himalayan rivers and district harbor populatons of Ibisbill. During the intensive migrates to lower alttudes in winter. Untl now there is study carried out in the river Sindh from September 2017 to August 2018, the mean populaton size was maximum (36±8.63) at Stretch I very limited scientfc informaton available on the global and minimum (3±1.35) at stretch II. The seasonal populaton of Ibisbill populaton status, distributon patern, and general was maximum (25.66±18.44) in the autumn and minimum (10±9.35) behavior of Ibisbill (BirdLife Internatonal 2020). In the in the winter. The present study indicated that river Sindh provides an ideal habitat for Ibisbill, and was most widely used by the bird. We Indian subcontnent, few natural history records menton recommend further intensive research studies on the lesser known that the distributon of Ibisbill is restricted to a few places aspects of ecology and biology of this enigmatc species for long term in the Himalaya with localised records of its sightngs conservaton planning in the region. (Grimmet et al. 2011). Keywords: Distributon, Ibisbill, Kashmir, populaton status, Sindh. Ibisbill occurs in small focks occupying small islands and river beds in the Himalaya. The populaton size has not been quantfed globally, however, China is Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii is a large known to have a populaton of less than 100 breeding inhabitng the shingle bed rivers of central Asia and pairs (Brazil 2009) and in Nepal Ibisbill populaton is Himalaya. It is distributed from the Pamirs and the estmated to be between 100–250 (Inskipp et al. 2016). Himalaya to the Tibetan Plateau with some populatons There are no populaton estmates available for India, occurring west to Turkistan and east of northern therefore the present study has been a pioneer atempt Myanmar (Ali & Ripley 1969; Pierce 1986). The ideal to understand, assess and generate baseline data on the breeding habitat of the Ibisbill comprises rivers with current populaton status and distributon of the Ibisbill shingle beds on either side at the alttudinal range of in Kashmir Valley.

Editor: Hem S. Baral, Charles Sturt University, Albury, Australia. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2021 (online & print)

Citaton: Haq, I.U., B.A. Bhat, K. Ahmad & A.R. Rahmani (2021). Populaton status and distributon of Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii (Vigors, 1832) (Aves: Charadrii- formes: Ibidorhynchidae) in Kashmir Valley, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(6): 18614–18617. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6632.13.6.18614-18617

Copyright: © Haq et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

Funding: None.

Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Department of Wildlife Protecton Jammu & Kashmir the head of the Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir for their support and cooperaton.

18614 Populaton status and distributon of Ibisbill in Kashmir Valley Haq et al. J TT

Image 1. Map of the study area.

Methods Therefore, subsequent surveys were concentrated only Study area on river Sindh from September 2017 to August 2018. River Sindh, located in district Ganderbal of Jammu For the purpose of this study, river Sindh was divided & Kashmir at an average elevaton of 1,619m is spread into three stretches, viz., stretch I (Wayuil to Mammar), across a basin area exceeding 1,559km2 (Dada et al. stretch II (Mammar to Kullan), and stretch III (Kullan to 2013). The river originates from Panjtarni snowfelds Baltal). For understanding the distributon patern of (4,250m) and is further substantated by the water fow Ibisbill in Sindh river, nine transects were laid randomly from the Amarnath (5,003m), Kolahoi (5,425m), and covering a total length of nearly 60km along the entre Thajwas Glacier (3,000m) (Image 1). In the upper and riverbank across the three stretches. For accomplishing middle reaches, river Sindh is a fast-fowing torrental the status assessment, six study locatons (Appendix 1) river whereas in the lower reaches the river is calmer were delineated along the entre riverbank based on the (Siraj 2018). The river comprises of small islands all along presence of Ibisbill and they were surveyed on regular its course dominated by the presence of huge stones basis (Image 1). A total of 72 surveys were conducted in in the upper stretches and mainly of cobbles, pebbles, all the four seasons; autumn (September to November), sand, and silt at lower reaches which serve as an ideal winter (December to February), spring (March to May), habitat for riverine including the Ibisbill. and summer (June to August). Observatons were made using a pair of binoculars (Nikon Aculon A211 10x50) in Populaton monitoring the morning hours. During the surveys, individuals were Preliminary surveys were conducted in all the counted at each locaton following the widely used line major rivers of Kashmir Valley, viz., river Lidder (district transects (Burnham et al. 1980; Bibby et al. 2000). Anantnag), river Sindh (district Ganderbal), river Vishew (district ), Madhumat stream (district Bandipora) Results to assess the occurrence and distributon of Ibisbill in the Ibisbills were sparsely distributed in river Sindh valley following survey methodology by Shrubb et al. from 34.287–34.258 N and 75.828–75.412 E. The bird (1991) and Wilson et al. (2001). Ibisbills were detected occupied only the shingle river bed areas with small in only two rivers; Sindh River and Lidder River with pebbles and cobbles, small boulders and moderate a very few sightngs (n= 4 individuals) from the later. fow of water. It was generally present in focks of 2 to

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18614–18617 18615 J TT Populaton status and distributon of Ibisbill in Kashmir Valley Haq et al.

Table 1. Populaton status of Ibisbill during the year 2017–2018 in Sindh River.

Study site Elevaton (m) Year Autumn Winter Spring Summer Mean± SE

Stretch I 1,680–1,930 2017–2018 62 29 24 31 36.5±8.63

Stretch II 1,930–2,257 2017–2018 2 1 2 7 3±1.35

Stretch III 2,257–2,859 2017–2018 13 0 7 32 13±6.87

SE—Standard error

Table 2. Encounter rate of Ibisbill during the year 2017–2018 in Sindh River.

Study site Year Autumn Winter Spring Summer Mean± SE

Stretch I 2017–2018 1.47 0.69 0.57 0.73 0.86±0.20

Stretch II 2017–2018 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.16 0.07±0.03

Stretch III 2017–2018 0.30 0 0.16 0.76 0.30±0.16

SE—Standard error

© Iqram ul Haq

Image 4. Encounter rate in diferent seasons at all the three stretches in Sindh River.

Image 2. Ibisbill adult in Sindh River. to be highest (36±8.63) at stretch I and lowest (3±1.35) at stretch II (Table 1). The maximum number (25.66±18.44

© Iqram ul Haq SE) of Ibisbill was documented in the autumn season, whereas least (10.33±9.35 SE) in the winter season in Sindh River. Representatve images of adult and juvenile are provided in Image 2 and 3, respectvely. The Ibisbill encounter rate was higher (0.86 ± 0.20 individuals/km) at stretch I and lower (0.07 ± 0.03 individuals/km) at stretch II among all the four seasons (Table 2). The seasonal encounter rate was higher (1.47 detectons/km) in autumn at stretch I and lower (0.02 detectons/km) at stretch II in winter (Image 4). As the

Image 3. Ibisbill juvenile in Sindh River. bird does not exhibit sexual dimorphism, we were not able to calculate the male-female rato in any of the seasons. 5, however, in autumn season they were found in larger fock size (>10 birds). On the onset of breeding season, Discussion Ibisbill dispersed and the bird became territorial, with a Ibisbill typically inhabit freshwater shingle bed high single pair occupying a patch (ca. 50x100 m; n= 8) of the alttude rivers of Himalaya (Ali & Ripley 1969) and central river. Asia (Knystautas 1996). The distributon of Ibisbill is The mean (±SE) populaton size of Ibisbill was found sparse along the river Sindh, such patern of distributon

18616 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18614–18617 Populaton status and distributon of Ibisbill in Kashmir Valley Haq et al. J TT can be atributed to the habitat specifcity of the bird. References Shingle banks with cobbles, pebbles and moderate Ali, S. & S.D. Ripley (1969). Handbook of Birds of India and Pakistan. fow of water appear to be the ideal habitat for birds Oxford University Press, India, 336pp. as these habitat conditons provide the most suitable Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess, D.A. Hill & S. Mustoe (2000). Bird Census feeding and breeding grounds (Knystautas 1996). Similar Techniques. London Academic Press, 302pp. BirdLife Internatonal (2020). Species factsheet: Ibidorhyncha struthersii. observatons have also been recorded by Pierce (1986) Downloaded from htp://www.birdlife.org on 05/03/2020. while observing the Ibisbill in Nepal. Moreover, Ibisbill Brazil, M. (2009). Birds of East Asia: eastern China, Taiwan, Korea, can also be also found in agricultural felds near the river Japan, Eastern Russia. Christopher Helm, London, 520pp. Burnham, K.P., D.R. Anderson & J.L. Laake (1980). Estmaton of density for feeding during summer (Haq et al. 2021). from line transect sampling of biological populatons. Wildlife In river Sindh, the average populaton of Ibisbill Monographs 72: 3–202. was highest at stretch I, as it had the ideal habitat Dada, M.A., U.F. Ahmad, M.A. Rather & N.A. Kuchhay (2013). Topographic and geomorphological mapping of river Sindh: a study characteristcs best suited for the bird. The populaton of Himalayan river of Jammu & Kashmir. Internatonal Journal of of Ibisbill was lowest at stretch II due to the reason Remote Sensing & Geoscience 2(6): 1–7. Grimmet, R., C. Inskipp & T. Inskipp (2011). Birds of the Indian that stretch II had areas covered with large stones Subcontnent. Oxford University Press, UK, 528pp. and increased fow of water and boulder patern not Haq, I.U., B.A. Bhat & K. Ahmad (2021). Feeding Behavior in Ibisbill perfectly suitable for the bird. Besides having large range (Ibidorhyncha struthersii). Advances in Zoology and Botany 9(2): 60–64. htps://doi.org/10.13189/azb.2021.090204 in central Asia, the populaton of Ibisbill is low and the Inskipp, C., H.S. Baral, S. Phuyal, T.R. Bhat, M. Khatwada, T. bird occurs only at restricted places owing to its special Inskipp, A. Khatwada, S. Gurung, P.B. Sing, L. Murray, L. Poudyal habitat requirement (Ye et al. 2013). & R. Amin (2016). The Status of Nepal’s Birds: The Natonal Red List Series. Zoological Society of London, London. htps://www. The size of focks was difering according to the himalayannature.org/page/red-data-birds. Downloaded on 19 season and the alttude. The size of focks ranged 2–5 March 2021. individuals in nonbreeding season except for autumn in Knystautas, A.J. (1996). Family Ibidorhynchidae (Ibisbill). Handbook of the Birds of the World 3: 326–331. which the bird was found to occur in fock size of more Kirby, J.S & P.C. Lack (1993). Spatal dynamics of wintering Lapwings than 10 individuals. In breeding season, the bird became and Golden in Britain and Ireland, 1981/82 to 1983/84. Bird territorial, with a single pair occupying a patch of the Study 40(1): 38–50. Pierce, R.J. (1986). Observatons on behaviour and foraging of the river. This possibly might be an ecological strategy used Ibisbill Ibidorhyncha struthersii in Nepal. 128: 37–47. by the birds for their survival. Shrestha, A. & S. Lakhey (2000). A survey of Ibisbill (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) in the Rapt river. Banko Janakari 10(1): 4–6. The congregaton of the birds in autumn season at Shrubb, M., P.C. Lack & J.J.D. Greenwood (1991). The numbers and lower alttudes frmly indicates the alttudinal migraton distributon of Lapwings V. vanellus nestng in England and Wales in of the bird, presumably, due to limited availability of 1987. Bird Study 38(1): 20–37. Siraj, S. (2018). Variaton in species compositon and distributon of food resources and harsh weather conditons at higher macrozoobenthos along an alttudinal gradient in Sindh river of elevatons as they remain frozen or snow-covered Kashmir Himalaya. JK Knowledge Initatve 2(1): 98. during winter. The alttudinal migraton of the Ibisbill Wilson, A.M., J.A. Vickery & S.J. Browne (2001). Numbers and distributon of Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus breeding in in also supported by Shreshta & Lakhay (2000) who England and Wales in 1998. Bird Study 48(1): 2–17. studied Ibisbill in Rapt River, Nepal. Kirby & Lack (1993) Yang, X.M. & Y. Liu (1991). Breeding ecology of Black-winged Stlt observed similar paterns of movement in other , (Himantopus himantopus). Chinese Journal of Zoology 26: 30–33. Ye, Y., G. W. Davison, P. Zhu, L. Duan, N. Wang,S. Xing, & C. Ding viz., Golden Plovers dominica and Northern (2013). Habitat utlizaton, tme budget and daily rhythm of Ibisbill Lapwings Vanellus vanellus. (Ibidorhyncha struthersii) in Daocheng County, southwest China. Our fndings reveal that the river sustains a resident Waterbirds 36(2): 135–144. Zhang, W.G. (1994). Preliminary observaton of breeding behavior of populaton of Ibisbill and provides baseline informaton Pied (Recurvirostra avoseta). Chinese Journal of Zoology 29: on the status, distributon and occupancy of the bird in 33–34. a limited number of study sites in the Kashmir Valley. The study also reports congregatonal behavior in Ibisbill Appendix 1. GPS coordinates of the six sites along the Sindh River. for the frst tme which occurs in autumn season. We, Study site GPS coordinates therefore, recommend a more advanced and intensive 1 Haripur 34.2870N, 75.8280E studies on the ecology of Ibisbill in the region including use 2 Wussan 34.2810N, 74.8530E of satellite telemetry or geo tagging to beter understand 0 0 its movement paterns and behavioral aspects. 3 Kijpora 34.268 N, 74.885 E 4 34.3040N, 75.2910E

5 Nilgrath 34.2890N, 75.3230E

6 Baltal 34.2580N, 75.4120E Threatened Taxa

Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18614–18617 18617 The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by OPEN ACCESS publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton.

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Conservaton Applicaton Review

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A patho-microbiological study of tssue samples of the Greater Adjutant Leptoptlos dubius (Aves: Viewpoint Ciconiiformes: Ciconiidae) that died in Deeporbeel Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India – Derhasar Brahma, Parikshit Kakat, Sophia M. Gogoi, Sharmita Doley, Arpita Bharali, Biswajit Duta, A unique archetype of conservaton in Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya, India Taibur Rahman, Saidul Islam, Arfan Ali, Siraj A. Khan, Sailendra Kumar Das & Nagendra Nath Barman, – Rupali Sharma, Monika Sharma, Manisha Mathela, Himanshu Bargali & Amit Kumar, Pp. 18490–18496 Pp. 18647–18650

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Legal or unenforceable? Violatons of trade regulatons and the case of the Philippine Sailfn Lizard Reappearance of Dhole Cuon alpinus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Gujarat afer 70 years Hydrosaurus pustulatus (Reptlia: Squamata: Agamidae) – A.A. Kazi, D.N. Rabari, M.I. Dahya & S. Lyngdoh, Pp. 18655–18659 – Sarah Heinrich, Adam Toomes & Jordi Janssen, Pp. 18532–18543 Matng behavior of Eastern Spoted Skunk Spilogale putorius Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia: Conservaton breeding of Northern River Terrapin Batagur baska (Gray, 1830) in Sundarban Tiger Carnivora: Mephitdae) revealed by camera trap in Texas, USA Reserve, India – Alexandra C. Avrin, Charles E.Pekins & Maximillian L. Allen, Pp. 18660–18662 – Nilanjan Mallick, Shailendra Singh, Dibyadeep Chaterjee & Souritra Sharma, Pp. 18544–18550 Record of Indian Roofed Turtle Pangshura tecta (Reptlia: Testudines: Geoemydidae) from Koshi Discovery of two new populatons of the rare endemic freshwater crab Louisea yabassi Mvogo Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal Ndongo, von Rintelen & Cumberlidge, 2019 (Brachyura: Potamonautdae) from the Ebo Forest – Ashmita Shrestha, Ramesh Prasad Sapkota & Kumar Paudel, Pp. 18663–18666 near Yabassi in Cameroon, Central Africa, with recommendatons for conservaton acton – Pierre A. Mvogo Ndongo, Thomas von Rintelen, Christoph D. Schubart, Paul F. Clark, Additonal distributon records of Zimiris doriae Simon, 1882 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from India Kristna von Rintelen, Alain Didier Missoup, Christan Albrecht, Muriel Rabone, Efole Ewoukem, – Dhruv A. Prajapat, Pp. 18667–18670 Joseph L. Tamesse, Minete Tomedi-Tabi Eyango & Neil Cumberlidge, Pp. 18551–18558 Notes on new distributon records of Euaspa motokii Koiwaya, 2002 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Checklists of subfamilies Dryptnae and Panagaeinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Theclinae) from Bhutan Indian subcontnent – Jigme Wangchuk, Dhan Bahadur Subba & Karma Wangdi, Pp. 18671–18674 – V.A. Jithmon & Thomas K. Sabu, Pp. 18559–18577 New distributon records of two litle known plant species, Hedychium longipedunculatum A.R.K. Mantds (Insecta: Mantodea) of Utar Pradesh, India Sastry & D.M. Verma (Zingiberaceae) and Mazus dentatus Wall. ex Benth. (Scrophulariaceae), – Ramesh Singh Yadav & G.P. Painkra, Pp. 18578–18587 from Meghalaya, India – M. Murugesan, Pp. 18675–18678 An assessment of genetc variaton in vulnerable Borneo Ironwood Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn. in Sarawak using SSR markers Publisher & Host – Sit Fatmah Md.-Isa, Christna Seok Yien Yong, Mohd Nazre Saleh & Rusea Go, Pp. 18588–18597

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