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Characteristics of Ourmia Melon Virus

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Characteristics of Ourmia Melon Virus داﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ( ﺷﺎﭘﺎي ا: 6290- 2588 ، ﺷﺎﭘﺎي چ : -9270 2251) ﺳﺎل ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﺟﻠﺪ 2 ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1397 Plant Pathology Science (eISSN:2588-6290, pISSN:2251-9270) Vol. 7(2), 2018 Characteristics of Ourmia melon virus (OuMV ) MINA RASTGOU Department of Plant Protection, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran (Corresponding author: [email protected]) Received: 13.04.2017 Accepted: 17.08.2017 Rastgou M. 2018. Characteristics of Ourmia melon virus (OuMV ). Plant Pathology Science 7(2): 34-46. DOI :10.2982/PPS.7.2.34 Abstract: Ourmia melon virus (OuMV ) is one of the viruses that cause mosaic disease in melon (Cucumis melo L.), in West-Azerbaijan Province and some other parts of Iran including Guilan, Fars and Alborz Provinces. This virus was first detected in diseased cucurbits with mosaic and ring spot symptoms, in Urmia in 1978. The virus has unique characteristics that differentiate it from other viruses that infect cucurbits. The virus particles are bacilliform with conical ends. Genome consists of three linear positive-sense single-stranded RNAs, each encoding one protein. Host range mostly limited to Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae families. Ourmia melon virus , Epirus cherry virus and Cassava virus C are three species those are placed in the genus Ourmiavirus . Key words: Melon, Mosaic, Ringspot, Narnaviridae ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ي اروﻣﻴﻪ ( OuMV ) ) ﻣﻴﻨﺎ راﺳﺘﮕﻮ ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اروﻣﻴﻪ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /24 /01 1396 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : /26 /05 1396 راﺳﺘﮕﻮ م . 1397 . ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ي اروﻣﻴﻪ ( OuMV ). داﻧﺶ ﺑ ﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ):2(7 46 -34 . -34 6 4 DOI :10.2982/PPS.7.2.34 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه : وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ي اروﻣﻴﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ ﺧﺮﺑﺰه (.Cucumis melo L ) در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ و ﺳ ﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻳﺮان از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧ ﻬﺎي ﮔﻴﻼن ، ﻓﺎرس و اﻟﺒﺮز اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ وﻳﺮوس اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر در ﺳﺎل 1978 از روي ﻛﺪوﻳ ﻴﺎن داراي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮزاﻳ ﻴﻚ و ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي در اروﻣﻴﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ . از ﻫﻤﺎن اﺑﺘﺪاي ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ روي اﻳﻦ وﻳﺮوس ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ وﻳﺮوس داراي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ آن را از ﺳﺎ ﻳﺮ وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻛﺪوﻳﻴﺎن ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﻣﻲ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي وﻳﺮوس ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه اي ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن ﻫﺎ زاوﻳﻪ دار اﺳﺖ . ژﻧﻮم وﻳﺮوس ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ آر . .ان اي ﺗﻚ رﺷﺘﻪ اي ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮوﺗﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ وﻳﺮوس در ﻃﺒ ﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻴﺮه ﻛﺪوﻳﻴﺎن و ﺑﺎدﻣﺠﺎﻧﻴﺎن اﺳﺖ . ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮاي وﻳﺮوس ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ . وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ي اروﻣﻴﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ وﻳﺮوس اﭘﻴﺮوس ﮔﻴﻼس و وﻳﺮوس ﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﺎوا در ﺟﻨﺲ اورﻣﻴﺎوﻳﺮوس ( Ourmiavirus ) ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﺧﺮﺑﺰه، ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ، ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي، Narnaviridae ﻣﺴﻮل ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ : [email protected] 34 ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه اي اروﻣﻴﻪ ( OuMV) راﺳﺘﮕﻮ Plant Pathology Science Yasouj University, RICeST & ISC (Iran) Vol. 7(2), 2018 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ي اروﻣﻴﻪ ( Ourmia melon virus , OuMV ) در اﺳﺘﺎن آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ( راﺳﺘﮕﻮ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران 1389 ) و ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻳﺮان از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ( Gholamalizadeh et al. 2008 ،) ﺷﻴﺮاز و ﻛﺮج از وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﻛﻨﻨ ﺪه ﻛﺪوﻳﻴﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( راﺳﺘﮕﻮ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران 1389 .) ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اروﻣﻴﻪ و ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي وﻳﺮوﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در ﺗﻮرﻳﻦ اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ( ,Torino Italy ) در ﺳﺎل 1987 ﺗﻌﺪادي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺪوﻳﻴﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ و ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي از ﻣﺰارع اﻃﺮاف اروﻣﻴﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎده ﺷﺪ (Lisa et al . 1988a, b ). از 46 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎده ﺷﺪه، 11 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه اروﻣﻴﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ( Caciagli et al. 1989 ). در ﺳﺎل 1982 ﻳﻚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﺒﻪ وﻳﺮوﺳﻲ روي ﮔﻴﻼس (.Prunus avium L ) در ﺑﺎﻏﻲ در اﭘﻴﺮوس ( Giannina ) در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب ﻳﻮﻧﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري وﻳﺮوس اﭘﻴﺮوس ﮔﻴﻼس ( Epirus cherry virus, EpCV ) ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاري ﺷﺪ . ﺟﻨﺲ Ourmiavirus در اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺮاي دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه اروﻣﻴﻪ و وﻳﺮوس اﭘﻴﺮوس ﮔﻴﻼس ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﻨ ﻬﺎد ﺷﺪ ( Accotto et al. 1990 ) . اًﺑﻌﺪ وﻳﺮوس ﺳﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﺎوا ( Cassava virus C= Cassava Ivorian bacilliform virus, CsVC ) از ﮔﻴﺎه ﻛﺎﺳﺎواي (.Manihot esculenta Crantz ) آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ وﻳﺮوس ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺳﺎوا ( African cassava mosaic virus ) در Touresso ( ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﻋﺎج ) ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ( Accotto et al. 1990, Rastgou et al. 2011 ). ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﻮﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژي ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ OuMV و CsVC ﺷﺒﻴﻪ اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎ ي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه روي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻔﺎوت دارد ( ﺳﻴﺘﻮﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژ ﻲ EpCV ﮔﺰارش ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ ). داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ وﻳﺮوس ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ زﻧﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ، ﭘﻴﺴﻚ، ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ و ﻧﻜﺮوز روي ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ژﻧﻮم اﻳﻦ وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎ از ﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ RNA ﺗﻚ ﻻي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻪ وﻳﺮوس اﻧﺪازه ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ دارﻧﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ وﻳﺮوس در ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ : ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ وﻳﺮوس در ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ ( ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ : ﻛﺪوﻳﻴﺎن ، ﮔﻴﻼس، ﻛﺎﺳﺎوا ،) ﭘﺮوﺗﻴﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺸﻲ OuMV و EpCV ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺳﺮوﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ د وري ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ دارﻧﺪ و اﻧﺪازه آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮق دارد . CsVC ﺑﺎ OuMV ﻧﻴﺰ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺳﺮو ﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺪارد ( Accotto et al. 1990 ). ). 35 داﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﺟﻠﺪ2 ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1397 Plant Pathology Science Yasouj University, RICeST & ISC (Iran) Vol. 7(2), 2018 -1 ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي وﻳﺮوس ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي وﻳﺮوس ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه اي ﺑﺎﺳﻴﻠﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ( quasi-bacilliform ) ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﮔﺮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و دو اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن ﻫﺎ زاوﻳﻪ دار و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻧﻮك ﺗﻴﺰ اﺳﺖ . ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ 18 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت 62 /5، 45 ، 37 37 و 30 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ اي ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺣﺎوي ردﻳﻒ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از دﻳﺴﻚ ﻫﺎي دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺖ . ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎ دو دﻳﺴﻚ دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮل ﺣﺪود 30 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ را ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ . دوﻣﻴﻦ ﻧﻮع ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻣﺘﺪاول ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل 37 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﻪ دﻳﺴﻚ دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ دارد . ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮل /5 45 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر دﻳﺴﻚ دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ و ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل 62 ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺷﺶ دﻳﺴﻚ دوﺗﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ . ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻏﻼف ﻟﻴﭙﻮ ﭘﺮوﺗﻴﻴﻨﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺷﻨﺎور در ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺰﻳﻮم 375 1/ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎ در ﭘﻲ اچ ﺣﺪود 7 ﭘﺎﻳﺪار ﻫﺴﺘ ﻨﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﺮوﻓﺮم ﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﺒﻮده وﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ان - ﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﻮل ﺣﺴﺎس ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( Lisa et al . 1988b, Rastgou et al. 2011 ). ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻫﻴﺪرات و ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪ در ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ . وزن ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻲ و ﺿﺮﻳﺐ رﺳﻮب وﻳﺮﻳﻮن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ( Rastgou et al. 2011 ). ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﻴﺎه آﻟﻮده ﺑﻌﺪ از 10 دﻗ ﻴﻘﻪ در دﻣﺎ ي ˚70c و ˚c 35 در دﻣﺎي اﺗﺎق آﻟﻮده ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺧﻮﺑﻲ دارﻧﺪ ( ,Lisa et al . 1990 Rastgou et al. 2011 ). در ﺑﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎزك ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﻮﺗﻮن ( Nicotiana benthamiana ) ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه ﭘﻴﻜﺮهﻫ ﺎي وﻳﺮوس در ﺳﻴﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎراﻧﺸﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺎه آﻟﻮده و ﮔﺎﻫﻲ اوﻗﺎت ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي pad-like و داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ ( tubules ) ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ( ﺷﻜﻞ )Milne and Masenga 1988, 1989 ) 1 ). ). -2 داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ وﻳﺮوس وﻳﺮوس در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ آﺳﺎﻧ ﻲ ﺑﻪ داﻣﻨﻪ وﺳﻴﻌﻲ از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻮده و در اﻛﺜﺮ آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ را اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ . وﻳﺮوس 34 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از 14 ﺗﻴﺮه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ را آﻟﻮده ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . در اﺛﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ زﻧﻲ ﺑﺎ وﻳﺮوس ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﻟﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ روي .Chenopodium quinoa Willd و .Gomphrena globosa L در ﻋﺮض 3-4 روز اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . روي Nicotiana clevelandii A. Gray ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻟﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از 4 2- روز و ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ ﻧﻜﺮوﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ از 4-7 روز ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . ٣۶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه اي اروﻣﻴﻪ ( OuMV) راﺳﺘﮕﻮ Plant Pathology Science Yasouj University, RICeST & ISC (Iran) Vol. 7(2), 2018 ﺷﻜﻞ A 1- . ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي وﻳﺮوس ﺧﺮﺑﺰه اروﻣﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻋﺒﻮر از ﺳﺘﻮن ﺳﻮﻛﺮوز ﻛـﻪ رﻧـ ﮓآﻣﻴـﺰي ﻣﻨﻔـﻲ ﺷـﺪ هاﻧـﺪ ( B ،(Bar= 100nm . ﺑﺮش ﻧﺎزك ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه از ﺑﺮگ ﮔﻴﺎه Nicotiana clevelandii ﭼﻬﺎر ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴــﺘﻤﻴﻚ : ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻟﻮﻟــﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﺣــﺎوي ﭘﻴﻜــﺮهﻫــﺎي وﻳــﺮوس در ﺳﻴﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳــﻢ ﻗﺎﺑــﻞ ﻣﺸــﺎﻫﺪه اﺳــﺖ ( C ،(Bar= 200nm و D . ﻋﺼﺎره ﺧﺎم از ﮔﻴﺎه N. benthamiana آﻟﻮده ﻫﻔﺖ روز ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ، C . ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺣﺎوي ﭘﻴﻜﺮه ﻫﺎي وﻳﺮوس در ﺳﻴﺘﻮﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن آﻟﻮده، D . ﭘﻴﻜﺮهﻫـﺎي وﻳـﺮوس در ﻳـﻚ ردﻳﻒ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﻫﻢ در داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ ( Bar= 100nm .) .) Figure 1. A. Oumia melon virus particles after negative staining (Bar= 100 nm), B. Thin section of leaf tissue from a 4 week systemic infection in Nicotiana clevelandii showing cytoplasm with tubules containing virus particles (Bar= 200 nm), C and D. Crude sap extract of a 7 day systemic infection in N. benthamiana , C. A tubule containing virus particles in cytoplasm of infected plants, D. Virus particles laid in a row (Bar=100 nm). ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ روي N. benthamiana Domin و N. megalosiphon Van Heurck and Mull اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ روي ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ( Solanum lycopersicum) ، ﻓﻠﻔﻞ ( Capsicum annuum .Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees. ،(L ، اﺳﻔﻨﺎج (.Spinacia oleracea L) ، ﺑﻨﻔﺸﻪ ﺳﻪ رﻧﮓ ( Viola .tricolor L ) و ﮔﻞ آﻫﺎر (. Zinnia elegans Jacq ) ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﮔﻴﺎه زﻳﻨﺘﻲ اﻃﻠﺴﻲ ( Petunia hybrid . Juss ) ﺑﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ و ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ و ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻧﻜﺮوﺗﻴﻚ روي ﮔﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ وﻳﺮوس واﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ . آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ در ﺧﻴﺎر (.Cucumis sativus L) ، ﺧﺮﺑﺰه (C. melo) ، ﻛﻴﻮاﻧﻮ 37 داﻧﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﺟﻠﺪ2 ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1397 Plant Pathology Science Yasouj University, RICeST & ISC (Iran) Vol. 7(2), 2018 ( C. metuliferus E. Mey ) و ﻟﻴﻒ ( .Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb ) دﻳﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . وﻳﺮوس در ﺗﻤﺎم ارﻗﺎم ﺧﻴﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﻧﻜﺮوﺗﻴﻚ، ﻣﻮزاﻳﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ، ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي و ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﻴﻚ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن ﻧﻜﺮوﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ . روي ﺧﺮﺑﺰه ﻟﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ دﻳ ﺪه ﻧﻤﻲ ﺷﻮد و در ﺗﻤﺎم ارﻗﺎم ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻴﻚ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﺮوﺗﻴﻚ، ﭼﺮوﻛﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮگ و ﻟﻜﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻮي ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻨﻈﻢ دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .
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