Diversity of Bird Species in Shahadatahasil, Maharashtra State, India

Diversity of bird species in ShahadaTahasil, Maharashtra State, India

Chaudhari Rajeshwar M. and Ishi Sahebrao S. Department of Zoology, P.S.G.V.P.Mandal’s S.I.Patil Arts, G.B.Patel Science and S.T.K.V.S. Commerce College Shahada- 425409

ABSTRACT Study of bird diversity was carried out from surrounding area of Shahada. It is situated in Nandurbar, Maharashtra, India, its geographical coordinates are 210 33’ 0’’ North, 740 28’0’’East. Birds are some of the most prominent species of the earth biodiversity and being sensitive environmental changes. They act as key indicators for accessing the status of ecosystem health.In ShahadaTahasil there are annual and seasonal ponds and these ponds are hot spots of wetland birds along with richness and evenness an open shrub and dry deciduous forest. In present work, a small effort has been taken to find out the bird biodiversity of ShahadaTahsil. From the four sites total number of 63 birds' species belonging 17 orders and 32 families were recorded. Passeriformes and Pelecaniformes were the dominating order of birds. But the future of this avian fauna is in danger due to loss of habitat and modern agricultural practices.

Keywords: Abundance, Avifauna, Birds, Diversity, Ponds.

INTRODUCTION Birds are some of the most prominent species of the earth biodiversity and being sensitive to environment changes. They act as key indicators for accessing the status of ecosystem health (Tapper et al,. 1996). Wild fire and simultaneous outbreak in insect like bark beetle can be categorized as one such disturbance, general belief of this disturbance having a negative impact on the abundance. Post fire species were more abundance when compare with burn free areas (Huff and Raley 1991).The change in vegetation composition could impact the quality and quantity of habitat for birds in turn of food, water and cover which can affect the diversity abundance and distribution of birds. The area where the richness and evenness an open shrub shows the highest number of species richness is found during winter season for all habitat (Sharat et al., 2011) In present work, a small effort has been taken to find out the bird diversity of water bodies and surrounding s of ShahadaTahsil during the winter season. For this study month of December and January was selected due to drying of water bodies and ample amount of food availability in the ponds.

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MATERIAL AND METHODS Study area The study was done in the Chirkhan dam (210 53’ 0’’ North, 740 60’ 0’’East), Shahana pond (210 37’ 06.4’’ North, 740 46’ 06.8’’East), Ranipur pond, Susari dam (210 58’ 0’’ North, 740 43’0’’East), Khaparkeda dam (210 29’ 43.3’’ North, 740 40’ 58.9’’East) and Dudhkheda dam (210 49’ 0’’ North, 740 59’ 0’’East) from December 2014 to January 2015. The location of the campus, built on a hill surrounded by water on three sides, along with a wide range of climatic conditions that it passes through brings in diverse structure of habitat. The major types of vegetation include grassland, open shrub forest and dry deciduous forests.

Bird Survey The bird population was recorded using the walk method. During a walk, the observer recorded data on the sighting of bird species, number of individual sighted and perpendicular distance from the line at which the species was sighted. The survey was conducted during the morning time zone (Between 8.14- 11.A.m.). Identification of bird species was carried out by field guide and list provided by BNHS Mumbai.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We were recorded a total of 60 species of birds in which two were carnivorous: Accipitriformes, Apodiformes; four ground insectivorous that are Anseriformes, Galliformes, Pelecaniformes, Ciconiformes; ten general insectivorous that are Galliformes, Pelecaniformes, Gruiformes, Charadiformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Cuculiformes, Coraciformes, Passeriformes and Strigiformes; eight Philippiness are Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Galliformes, Coraciformes, Ciconiformes, Piciformes, Columbiformes and Passeriformes; three water birds are Charadiformes, Gruiformes and Coraciformes (Table-1).Out of above orders Pelecaniformes and Passeriformes were more abundance and reported 12 and 13 species respectively, while order calaniformes, Columbiformes, Piciformes, Psittaciformes, Cathartiformes and Strigiformes found less abundance. Some species were winter visitors; some are migratory while some are native. Among the most of them are carnivorous. Pelecans found in most abundance because they eat fish, although they may occasionally take lizards, snakes, birds and small mammals. These foods are available in ample amount near the water bodies. In the month of November and January ponds were dried up so food become easily available to these species. ‘Edge effect’ is also occurs which results into increasing diversity due to the spatial overlap of species from neighboring assemblages (Odum 1971). Members of order Passeriformes also found in abundance because they eat insects food stores. Passerines eat mostly seeds, fruits, nectar insects, small birds and small lizards. These kinds of food also available in the area due to dried up of water bodies and shading of leaves of deciduous forest plants. Increasingly farmland bird’s

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© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) species are becoming an important focus for conservation policy (Tucker and Evans 1997) and are being used as indicator of wider ecological changes (Tucker 1999). We have reported very less species of orders Cuculiformes, Pteroclidiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Strigiformes and Apodiformes. Formland birds have a decline population as a result of simplification of farming and increased used of external input (Tucker and Heath 1994)

CONCLUSIONS Poor avian diversity was recorded in ShahadaTahsil. It is might be due to the advanced agricultural practices in the surrounding area. There is huge application of insecticides and pesticides on the crops of sugarcane and cotton. These insecticides and pesticides adversely affect on diversity of birds. The annual rain fall also decreased day by day results drying of ponds and lakes would affect the availability of natural habitat. Loss of forest canopy is also the prime caused of decreased avian diversity of the region. It is essential to introduction of novel management practices that are design specifically to meet the ecological requirement of nationally declining birds.

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Table-1 List of bird species with order and family Sr.no Order Family Common Name Scientific Name Habit 1 Charadiformes Scolopacidae Sanderling 1) Calidris alba M Tringa terek 2) Xenus cinerius M Charadriidae Caspian Plover 1)Charadrius asiatius asiatius M Gray Plover 2) Pluvialissquatorola M Northen Lapwing 3)Vanellusvanellus M Scolopacidae Ruddy Turnstone 1) Arenariainterpres M 2 Pelecaniformes Ardeidae Strited Heron 1)Butoroides striatus R javanicus Little Egrets 2) Egreta garzetta M+R Goliath Heron 3) Ardea goliath R Gray Heron 4) Ardea cinerea M+R Purple Heron 5) Ardeapurpurea manilensis M+R Indian Pond Heron 6) Ardeola grayii grayii R Threskiornithidae Glossy Ibis 1) Plegadis falcinellus R Royal Spoonbill 2) Platalea regia M Sacred Ibis 3) Threskiornis ethiopika R Red-naped Ibis 4) Pseudibis papillosa R Eurasian Spoonbill 5) Platalea leukorodia M 3 Pteroclidiformes Pteroclididae Painted 1) Pterocles indicus R Sandgrouse Chestnut-bellied 2) Pterocles exustus R sand grouse 4 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Asian Koel 1) Eudynamus scalopacea R Southern coucal 2) Centropus sinensis R 5 Accipitriformes Acipitridae Shikra 1) Accipiter badius R Black kite 2)Milvusmigrans R+M Indian crested 3)Nisaetuscirrhatus R Howk Indian Griffon 4) Gyps fulvus R vulture Indian scavenger 5) Gyps bengalensis R vulture 6 Anseriformes Anatidae Barheaded goose 1)Anser indicus M

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Mute swan 2) Cygnus olor M Eurosian wigeon 3) Anas penelop M 7 Passeriformes Sturnidae Comman myna 1)Acridothere stristis R Cisticolidae Indian tailor bird 1) Orthotomus sutorius R Alaudidae Red-capped lark 1) Calandrella cineria M Pycnonotidae Madagascar Bulbul 1) Hypsipetes madagascariensis R Passeridae House sparrow 1) Passer domesticus indicus R Yellow throated 2) Petroniaxanthocollis R sparrow Ploceidae Indian Baya weaver 1) Ploceus philippinus R Emberizidae Creasted Bunting 1)Melophus lathami R Corvidae House crow 1)Corvus splendens R Monarchidae Fly catcher 1)Terpiphone paradise M Motacillidae Western yellow 1)Motacilla flava M Wagtail White-browed 2)Motacilla maderaspatensis M wagtail Laniidae Bay-backed shrike 1)Lanius vittatus R 8 Caprimulgiformes Caprimulgidae Indian Jungle 1) Caprimulgus indicus R+M nightjar 9 Columbiformes Columbidae Rock pigeon 1) Columba livia R 10 Coraciformes Alcedinidae White-throated 1)Halcyon smyrensis fusca R Kingfisher Azure Kingfisher 2) Ceyx azureus R+M Coraciidae Indian Roller 1) Coracias benghalensis R indica 11 Gruiformes Gruidae Saras Crane 1) Grus antigone antigone R Rallidae Little crane 1) Porzana parva M Common moorhen 2) Gallinula chlorophus M 12 Piciformes Picidae Rufous 1) Micropternus brachyurus R woodpecker jerdonii 13 Psittaciformes Psittaculidae Rose-ringed 1) Psittacula psittacula R parakeet 14 Cathartiformes Cathartidae Black vulture 1)Coragyps atratus R King vulture 2)Sarcoramphus papa R 15 Strigiformes Strigidae Mottled wood-owl 1) Strix ocellata ocellata R

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16 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Painted stork 1) Mycteria leucocephala R Wooly-necked 2)Ciconia episcopus R stork Stork 3)Ciconia ciconia M Black stork 4)Ciconia nigra M Black-necked stork 5)Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus M Greater adjutant 6) Leptoptilos dubias R+M 17 Apodiformes Apodidae Little swift 1) Apus apus M

Table-2 Diversity of birds in different orders Sr.No Name of order No.of families No. of species Species % age 01 Charadiformes 03 06 9.52 02 Pelecaniformes 02 12 19.04 03 Pteroclidiformes 01 02 3.17 04 Cuculiformes 01 02 3.17 05 Accipitriformes 01 05 7.93 06 Anseriformes 01 03 4.76 07 Passeriformes 11 13 20.63 08 Caprimulgiformes 01 01 1.58 09 Columbiformes 01 01 1.58 10 Coraciformes 02 03 4.76 11 Gruiformes 02 03 4.76 12 Piciformes 01 01 1.58 13 Psittaciformes 01 01 1.58 14 Cathartiformes 01 02 3.17 15 Strigiformes 01 01 1.58 16 Ciconiiformes 01 06 9.52 17 Apodiformes 01 01 1.58

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No. of birds species in different orders 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 No. of species

Piciformes

Gruiformes

Strigiformes

Cuculiformes

Coraciformes

Anseriformes

Ciconiiformes

Passeriformes

Psittaciformes

Charadiformes

Cathartiformes

Accipitriformes

Columbiformes

Pelecaniformes Pteroclidiformes Caprimulgiformes

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Maharashtra State Forest Department is gratefully acknowledged for granting us the permission to study the avian fauna of different sites of Shahada Tahsil. The authors also thankful to R.F.O. of Forest Department of Shahada forest range for providing man power and resources.

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Annexure 1. Map showing location of study areas from Shahada Tahsil

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