Caledonia County [Vermont]
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Bennington and Caledonia. No. III. AprH, 1862.
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Cc V, It:. VEEMOI^T. ::>.>.
- A niSTOMCAL MAGAZINE,
EMBRACma A DIGEST OF THE HISTORY OF EACH TOWN,
^
" She stands fair Freedom's chosen Home,. Our own beloved Green Mountain State."
" "Where breathes no c.istled lord or cabined slave j Where thoughts, and hands, and tongues are free.'
'•: B 1 T E D E Y ABBY MARIA HEMENWAY, C03IPILER OF " THE POETS AXD POETKY OF VEK3IOXT."
Terms: One Dollar per Year. Clubs solicited.
LUDLOW, YT.
* AND SOLD BY AGENTS THROUGnOUT TUE STATE.
Press of Geo. C. Hand Jt Avery, Eosfon. , ^^ — . .
-A. SERIES OE TO^V^ ECISTORIES, GROUPED IN COUNTIES, A Quarterly, which is a free Historical Channel for eFvery Town.
Entered according to Act of Congress, ia tlie year 1S59, by Abuv Mauia Hemenwat, in the Clerk'a Oflice of the District Court of the District of Vermont.
T E R INI S Fifty Cents a Number; $1 a year; or Fourteen Numbers for 53— Invariably in Advance. Postage, three cents, paid at Office of Delivery. WjLNTED. — One or more Lady Assistants or Local Agents in each uncanvassed Town. The Agents have all been instructed to solicit through or. yearly subscriptions, ytt to as readily take quarterly ones, with the understanding tliat the subscribers arc to pay on delivery for each number of the work, till they may regularly discoutitiue the same. I\'o subscriptious should be paid to TraveUing Agents, unless they bear our CeitiHcate ot Ageucy.
CLUB TERMS. — The field is open in every Town for Clucs, which may be sent direct to the Publisher.
Terras Everv Fourth >i'umbkr Fuke ; or for Four Wnr/i/, or equivalent, a copy of the "I'oets and I'oetry of Verm(jut," 12mo. 400 pp.; or Si.v I'liotographs of leading Vermont I'oets; or for the above list doubled. Twelve I'lates, or a I'lated and elegantly (jilt copy of the I'oets; or lor Four Yearly Subscriptions, a copy of the " Vermont School Journal,"—a work devoted to a cause that ought to bring twice the patronage it has yet received; or Dr. C. H. Cleavlaud's ably conducted " MedicalJouriial,'' published at Cincinnati, O. HISTORICAL CONTENTS.
No. 3. Lyndon, " .....<.. Hon. G.C. Gaboon. — Concluded. BENNINGTON No. 4. Sketch of Jeremiah Evarts, by E. E. Tracy. CALEDONIA COUNTY- - Concluded. '' AVinhall, . .0. Chamberlain, Esq. Lyndon — Concluded, . by Hon. G. C. Cahoon Woodlord, " . Stephen Gleasou. '' Newark, . . L. M. Sleeper. CocxTV Items. — Printing, County Agricult. Society " I'eacliam, . Kev. A. lioutelle. and County Census Table, by Governor Hall. The •' Ilyegate, . Kev. James 31. Beattie. Artificial Pond and Orvis Kocking Stone, &c. " St. johnsbury, . . Edward T. Fairbanks. " Ge>'ERAL Items. — Addison County Corrections, &c. Shellield, . A. S. Lamb. " Letter from the Chicago Historical Society, &c. Sutton , . . John Ueckwith, Ksn. '• liell. Walden, . Hon James CALEDONIA. AVaterford, " . T. A. Cutler. " County Chapter, by . . Kev. Thomas Goodwillie. Wheelock, . Hon. T. J.Cree. " Barnet, " .. IJev. Thomas Goodwillie. Goshen Gore, ...• Burke, " A. Burington, Esq. Danville, " M. T. C. Alexander. CHITTENDEN. Groton " Eev. O. G. Clark. County Chapter, by Hon. D. Keed. Hardwick, " Kev. J. Torrey. Bolton, " G. W. Kenedy, Esq. Kirby, " C.H.Graves Burlington, ....
.' • • . Historical Contributions for Chittenden County. Joslnia Received from Henry Stevens, Esq., G. Sawver. Esq , Rev. Mr. Flemming, Rev. Dr. Witherspoon, Kev. Young, .F. N. Pomeroy, Esq.. Professor N. G. Clark, James Johns, Dr. Ceorge L. Lyman. Hon. David Reed, Henry .'^liller, Esq., Rev. William Hough, Hector Adams, Esq., Congregational Pastor of Milton, H. Law- rence, Esq., G. H. Naramore, Esq., Hon. Rev. J. H. "Woodward, and E. Bostwick's History of Uinesburg, compiled by Rev. 3Ir. Ferrin. Other contributions of value promised by Rev. Dr. John Hix, l{ev. Dr. Foster, Rev. .Mr. Converse, Professors Torrey, Henedict, and Buckham; Sketch of Hon. llemen Allen, by Professor George Allen, of Philadelphia, Shelburne and Richmond Histories, by G. T. Sutton, A. B., and S. U. Davis, Esq., respectively.
F XJ B Xj I S li E n' S C-A.XIID- Thfre are no class of citizens", perhaps, as well circumstanced to render ready and efficient aid in the distiibution of this work, especially to quarterly subscribers, as the postmasters of the State; and with much pleaiurc we embrace this occasion to return our most hand.'^ome and courteous thanks to each and all -who have thus rendeied most essential service: and would particular) v thank, as the most obliging and e/ficifiit, E. S.
masters of Westminster, Orwell, and Arlington. Not of the postmasters, but among our practical Iricnds. not Esq., Biir- lieretolbie mentioned, nun who give a hand to the circulatiim, we gratefully lecord Charles Allen, inooskie lin"-ton: Joshua Lclaiid. Ihiltimnre; Benoni Buck, Esq., Ludlow; and .Mr. Weaver, meichant at \\ propose Fafis. Others will be iluly remembered in the patronage table continued in ne.xt number, in whidi we will be to give an especial "star-table" to lady live assistant and patrons — terms to admis.>-ion to which twelve yearly subscribers, or the equiveleiit. The income of this publication, thus far, has been barely enough even partially to pav its printing cxpcn-ses. The editorial labor and expense bestowed upon it has never been continued exer- remunerated. Its completeness and forwardness will, in a great measure, depend upon the to endeavor and tions of its practical friends. It is, therefore, most respectfully solicited of every subscriber — known in unto success — to add one or more to the present list, by calling the attention to it of each person ot our their vicinity to have a taste for history or biograpliy, a veneration for the memories and mementoes
lis CUMUlMUll IUIU^|JU11U cwlumiiT i.\f Ji.- ...... i.-, ...v...... v.v. .,..,. M..,.u,iwi, ...> ..", j -. number of the Gazettker will be published in April, and drawn from the press as soon as tlic suDscnptiona of its patrons cancels the printing bill. The plate of Governor Fairbanks will appear in No. 4. VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. i~'
CALEDONIA COUNTY.
COUNTY CHAPTER. Only three towns in this county are so laid down,
Barnet, Ryegate, and Peacham ; the latter town BY KEV. THOMAS GOODWILLIE, OF BARXET. being located west of Eyegate, which shows that Peevious to the American Eeyolution, that Groton, which was charterted by Vermont, was part of the country now known as "Vermont " was sur\'eyed long before Vermont became a State. In " called The New Hampsliire Grants," and was a large map of New York (now before the writer), claimed by New Hampshire and New York. The constructed by order of Gen. Tryon, governor of General Assembly of York divided it into New that province, January 1, 1779, from sun'eys pre-
four counties, viz : Bennington and Charlotte on viously made, the whole of Vermont is laid down the west, and Cumberland and Gloucester on the as a part of New York. On this map Cumber- east side of the Green Mountains. land County is bounded on the north by Canada Gloucester County was organized March 16, and on the east by Connecticut River, separating 1770, containing it from New Hampshire, and on the other sides " all that certain tract or district of land situate, ly- by a line beginning at the Connecticut River in ing and being to the northward of the county of Nonvich, and running a little north of west to Cumberland, beginning at the northwest corner of the said county of Cumberland, and thence running the Green Mountains, to a point probably in the
north as the needle points fifty miles, thence east to town of Ripton ; thence running northerly along Connecticut Kiver; thence along the west bank of the mountains to a point near Onion River, prob- the same river, as it runs, to the northeast corner ably in the town of Duxbury ; thence running of said county of Cumberland, on said river, and northeast to Canada line, which it joins in Der- thence along the north bound of said county of Cumberland to the place of beginning." On the by, a few miles east of Lake Memphremagog. 24th of March, 1772, by an act " for the better ascer- The whole of this district is represented on this taining the boundaries of the counties of Cumber- map as sm-veyed into townships, except some parts land and Gloucester," these limits were changed and on the northwest. Gloucester County was bounded •' on the south by Within the present limits of Caledonia County the north bounds of the County of Cumberland ; on the east by the east bounds (Connecticut River) of the towns of Barnet, Ryegate, Peacham, and Gro- this colony (New York); on the north by the north ton are laid down nearly according to the New bounds thereof (Canada) ; on the west and northwest Hampshire surveys. The most of the other parts partly by a line to be drawn from the northwest cor- of the county are surveyed into townships, which ner of the said County of Cumberland on a course north, ten degrees east, until such line shall meet with in number, form, and location are altogether differ- and be intersected by another line proceeding on an ent from the other tovrats now in this county. east course from the south bank of the mouth of Ot- On the Connecticut River, above Barnet, was ter Creek, and partly by another line to be drawn and a large township called "Dunmore," including continued I'rom the said last-mentioned point of in- the whole of Waterford and a considerable part tersection, on a course north, fifty degrees east, until it meets with and terminates at the said north bounds of St. Johnsbury and Concord. Along the Bar- of the Colony." net line a narrow tract of land was laid down, in- Newbury was fixed as the shire town of Glou- cluding parts of Waterford and St. Johnsbury, cester County. and which was inscribed "Lt. Cargills." North In a large map of the British province of New of Dunmore, on the Passumpsic River, was Hampshire (now before the writer), made by " Besborough," including the south part of Lyn- Blanchard and Langdon, and insciibed to the don and the north part of St. Johnsbury. On British " secretary of war and one of his majesty's the head branches of the Passumpsic was a large privy council," October 21, 1761, the whole of tract, includingBurkeand adjacent parts,in which Vermont is laid down as a part of that province. was inscribed " Thomas Clark & Co." North of At that time none of the towns in this county Peacham was "Hillsborough," embracing Dan- were chartered, but many of the towns which ville and parts of Walden and Hardwick. These were surveyed and chartered in 1762 and 1763 are aU the towns in this county laid down on were laid down on this map with pen and ink. the New York map of 1779. 261 ;
262 VERMONT HISTORICAL iLVGAZINE.
The Xew Vork prant3 were abolished when It is well watered by many streams. The Con- Vermont became independent, and the prantees necticut River runs on the southeast side. The received a [loition of the S30,000 which was <;ivcn northern towns are watered by the head branchea
to New York, 1790, to quitclaim Vermont. of the Passumpsic River, which is the larirest in Thomas Clark's share was S237 05, and John the county, and rans south and empties into the Gaibraith's S99 81. Connecticut River in Barnct. Wells, Stevens,
In 1777, the General Convention of Vermont and Joes rivers water it on the south, and the head declared "The New Hampshire Grants "indepen- branches of Onion and Lamoille rivers on tho dent, and adopted a constitution for the State. west. There are about twenty lakes and ponds February, Ic^'islature In 1779, the of Vermont, in the county ; the chief of which are Harvey's in face of the opposition of New York, divided Lake in Bamet, Wells River and Lund's Ponds the State into two counties, and each county into in Groton, Cole's Pond in Walden, Clark's and
two shires, viz : Bennington on the west, and Centre Ponds in Newark, and Stile's Pond in Cumberland County on the east side of the Green Waterford. Fish of various kinds abound in
Mountains. Cumberland County was divided most of the ponds and rivers. There are flills at into the shires of Westminster and Newbury. In dift'erent places otj the Connecticut, Passumpsic, 1781, the legislature divided Cumberland into Wells, and Joes's rivers. Stevens's river, near tliree counties, viz : Windham, Windsor, and its month, falls 80 feet in the distance of 20 rods. Orange. Newbury was the shire town of the The water-power is improved by mills and facto- County of Orange, which embraced the north- ries built at the falls and other places on the eastern part of the State to the Canada line. streams.
November 5, 1792, Caledonia County was incor- The western part of the county is mountain- porated from Orange County, including all that ous ; but though the towns in that part are on part of the State north of that county, and high lands, they admit of successful cultivation. extending so far west as to include Montpelier The eastern part is an excellent farming country. and adjacent towns. But this county was not The intervales on the Connecticut and Passump- fully organized till Novembers, 1796, when Dan- sic rivers are easily cultivated. From the tops ville was made the shire town. The whole State of the mountains in difierent parts of the county was divided into eleven counties in 1811, when extensive prospects may be obtained, and in some the counties of Orleans and Essex were in- sites grand views of the "White Hills of New corporated from Caledonia County. Four Hampshire and of the Green Mountains of Ver- towns from this county were incorporated mont may be enjoyed. A mountain in Burke, with Washington County in 1811, to which whose height is 3,500 feet, is probably the highest Woodbury was annexed in 1836 and Cabot in in the county.
1855. Caledonia County consists at the present It is not certainly known at what time this time of sixteen towns. In 1856 the county seat part of the country was discovered by Europeans. was removed from Danville to St. Johnsbmy, It has been known to the New England settlers for where new county buildings were erected. The more than a century. Prior to this period the court-house is a large, elegant, and commodious Indians owned and occupied the soil, covered edifice. with the forest. The wilderness was the home The lands, therefore, in this part of the country and inheritance of these wild men of the woods. were first of all in Gloucester County, New York Here, they camped in its valleys, hunted on its then in the shire of Newbury and County of mountains, and fished in its waters, over which
Cumberland, Vermont; afterwards in Orange they glided swiftly in their light canoes ; and
County, Vermont ; and now in Caledonia Coun- hence, they went forth to war, fighting with sav- ty, Vermont. age cunning and cruelty the foreigners who came The county is bounded on the north by Orleans over the great waters from the east, to dwell iu forests into fruitful County ; on the east by Essex County ; on the their domains, converting the southeast by Connecticut River, which separates fields. When it first became known to Europeans it from Grafton County, N. H.; on the south by the St. Francis tribe of Indians roamed over this
Orange County ; and on the west by Washington part of the country. They had an encampment " and Lamoille counties. It lies between N. lat. at Newbuiy and cultivated " the meadows on 44° 10' and N. lat. 44° 45', and immediately the Great Ox Bow. But their prinripal settle- north of a line which if drawn east and west ment was in Canada. St. Francis, a village on the would divide the State into two equal parts. Its south side of the River St. Lawrence, not far from
length from north to south is about forty miles, the Three Rivers, was their head-(iuarters. The and its breadth from east to west about thirty. It French employed them in their wars against the contains about 700 square miles, with a popula- English colonies. With their acquaintance with tion of 21,768, which gives 31 inhabitants tea the country and their deadly hatred of the Eng- square mile. lish, they were formidable enemies. From none There are many flourishing villages situated in of the Indian tribes had the provinces of New different parts of the county, containing fine Hampshire and Massachusetts suffered so much. churches. They made their incursions along the River St. COUNTY CHAPTER. 263
Francis and Lake IMcmphremagog, and thence vanced into the wilderness towards St. Francis down the Passumpsic and Connecticut rivers. village, having left two men to watch the boats This was their highway retui-ning from the and provisions, with orders that if the enemy dis- slaughter of the English, with their scalps, pris- covered them, they were to pursue the p.irty with oners, and plunder. They were much distin- expedition and give him intelligence. The sec- guished by the slaughter and destruction spread ond evening after he left the bay these two men among the advanced settlements, the enormity of overtook the party and informed him that four their cruelties and barbarities, and the number of hundred French and Indians had discovered the their scalps and captives. boats and sent them away with fifty men, while lu the spring of 1752 a party of ten of these the rest of the party went in pursuit of the Eng- Indians surprised a party of four New England lish. Rogers kept this intelligence to himself, settlers wliile hunting on Baker's River in Rum- but sent away the two rangers with a lieutenant ney, N. H. One fled, one was killed, and the and eight men to Crown Point, to inform Gen, other two were taken prisoners and carried captive Amherst of what had taken place and request into Canada, to their head-quarters at St. Fran- him to send provisions to Coos on Connecticut
cis. One of these captives was John Stark, after- River, by which route he intended to return, wards the famous General Stark, who must have Rogers, in order to outmarch his enemies if they
been one of the first of Europeans to behold this pursued him, pushed forward towards St. Francis part of the country. One of his daughters lived with all possible expedition. He came in sight and died in Ryegate, and some of her descendants of the village on the 4th of October at 8 o'clock now reside in Ryegate and Barnet. These two in the evening. Ordering his men to halt and men returned from their captivity in Canada in refresh themselves, he dressed himself in the In- the summer of 1 752, and gave an account of the dian garb and took with him two Indians, who country through which they had passed. understood the language of the St. Francis tribe, No doubt later and fuller information of tliis and went to reconnoitre the town. He found the part of the country was given by Major Rogers Indians engaged in a grand dance, without the and his rangers upon their return in 1759, by the least apprehension of danger. He returned to his Passumpsic River and the Coos " Meadows," men at 2 o'clock in the morning and marched from their successful expedition against the St. them to a distance of about five hundred yards Francis Indians in Canada. But the sad fate of from the town. About 4 o'clock the Indians many of these brave yet unfoitunate men, which finished their dance and retired to rest. Rogers
took place in our county, gives a melancholy in- waited till they were asleep, and at break of day terest to the early history of this part of the he posted his men in the most favorable situation county. and commenced a general assault. The Indians General Amherst being at Crown Point on were completely surprised and soon subdued. Lake Champlain, caiTyingon the war against the Some of them were killed in their houses, and of French colonies in 1759, determined to make those who attempted to fly, many were shot or these Indians, who continued to disturb and dis- knocked on the head by the rangers, who were tress the frontiers, feel the power of the English placed at the avenues. Amherst ordered Rogers
colonies. For this purpose, on September 13, and liis men " to take their revenge on the Indian 1759, the very day that the English took Que- scoundrels " for their " barbarities and infamous bec, he appointed Major Rogers, a brave and ex- cruelties," but he ordered also that " no women perienced officer from New Hampshire, who had or children be killed or hurt, though these become famous for the number, boldness, and A-illains have dastardly and promiscuously mur- success of his enterprises, to conduct an expedi- dered the women and children of all orders." tion against this barbarous tribe, carrying the But the Indian method of slaughter and destmc-
hoiTors of war unexpectedly into their head-quar- tion was adopted on this occasion ; and wherever ters in Canada. The night after the orders were Indians were found, their men, women, and chil- given he set out with two hundred men in boats dren were slain without distinction and without and proceeded down Lake Champlain, On the mercy. As the morning light increased the fierce fifth day after they left Crown Point, while en- wrath of the rangers was inflamed to the highest camped on the eastern shore of the lake, a keg of degree when they saw the scalps of several hun- gunpowder accidentally exploded,wounding a cap- di-eds of their countrymen suspended on poles and tain of the royal regiment and several men, who waving in the air. Under this new force and were sent back to Cro\vn Point, with a party to irritation of their feelings and passions, they put conduct them. This reduced Rogers's force to forth their utmost exertions to avenge the blood one hundred and fortj'-two men, with whom he of their friends and relations by utterly destroy- proceeded to Missisco Bay, as ordered. Here he ing the village and all they could find of its in- concealed his boats among some bushes which habitants. The village contained three hundred hung over one of the streams, and left in them Indians. Two hundred were killed on the spot provisions sufficient to carry them back to Crown and twenty taken prisoners. Point. The town appeared to have been in a flourish- According to orders Le left the lake and ad- ing state. The houses were well furnished, and 2(U VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINT:.
tho church was handsomely adomeil with plate. In these dismal circnmstanecs Rogers gave up The whole village had been enriched hy the plun- the command and told his men to take care of der and scalps taken from tlie English. Two themselves. Some were lost in the wooils and hundred guineas were found in money and a sil- others died of famine, but Rogers and most of his ver image weighing ten pounds, besides a large party, after almost incredible hardships, arrived quantity of wampum and clothing, and some pro- at Number Four, or Charlestown, N. II. visions. Collecting the provisions and such arti- Peter Lervcy, of Haverhill, N. H., who came cles as they could easily transport, they set fire to to Barnet to live a short time before his death, the village and reduced it to ashes. At 7 o'clock which was about the year 1817, and whom the in the morning the atiair was finished, which writer has seen, was one of Rogers's party and broke the pride and power of the St. Francis visited the scenes of their sufferings. He said tribe of Intlians. Rogers then assembled his men that many of the rangers died on the Passumpsic and found that one was killed and six slightly River and on the meadow below on the Connec- wounded. Hax'ing refreshed his men for one ticut River. On this meadow and along the Pas- hour, he immediately set out on his return, -with sumpsic for two or three miles from its mouth the addition of five English captives he had re- human bones have been found at different times taken. To avoid his pursuers, he took a different and places. Some of those might have been the route and marched up the St. Francis River, bones of Indians who had been buried in a sitting meaning to have his men collect and rendezvous postm'C, but many others were found in a horizon- at Coos on the Connecticut River. On their tal position ; and in one place the skeletons of march they were harassed by the Indians, and two persons were discovered in the earth together. tho enemy several times attacked them in tho These probably were the remains of some of Rog- rear. In these rencounters they lost seven of ers's men who perished in Barnet. their men, till Rogers, favored by the dusk of the Lervey also said that he and some others, in evening,formed an ambuscade upon his own track order to have a better chance to find game, left the and fell upon the enemy when they least expected Connecticut River and went through the woods it ; by this stroke he put an end to further pur- and came upon "Wells River about two miles suit and annoyance from their foes. For about above its mouth. They killed a bear and some ten days the detachment kept together till they small game, so that none of his party perished. had passed the eastern side of Lake Memphre- The following account, taken from Major Rog- magog. Tiieir sufferings now began to be severe, ers's journals, gives many interesting particulars, not only from the excessive fatigues they had en- though it seems to differ in a few unimportant dured, but from hunger. Their provisions were points from the histories from which the preceding
expended and they were at a distance from any account is taken : — place of relief. Maj. Rogers writes to Gen. Amherst, Novem-
Here Rogera divided his detachment into ber 5, 1759, " It is hardly possible to describe the small companies, and having ordered them all to gr-Icf and consternation of those of us who came to a,«semble at the mouth of the upper Amonusuck Cohasse Intervales. Upon our arrival there, after River, where he expected to find food, sent them so many days' tedious march, over steep, rocky on their march. After a journey of several days mountains, or through wet, dirty swamps, with he and his party reached the appointed place of the ten-ible attendants of fatigue and hunger, we meeting, having come on the Passumpsic River, found that here was no relief for us, where we had which they descended. encouraged our^lves that we should find it, and In the mean time, by order of Gen. Amherst, have our distresses alleviated. Notwithstanding Samuel Stevens and three others proceeded from the ofticer I dispatched to the general, discharged Charlestown, N. H., up Connecticut River, with liis trust with great expedition, and in nine days two canoes laden with provisions. They landed arrived at Cro^vn Point, which was one hundred
on Round Island, at the mouth of Passumpsic miles through the wilderness ; and the general, Hirer, where they encamped for the night; but without delay, sent Lieut. Stevens to Number hearing the report of guns in the morning, and Four, with orders to take pro^^sion3 up the river supposing Indians were in the vicinity, they were to the place I had appointed, and there wait so yet so terrified that they reloaded their provisions and long as there was any hopes of my returning ; hastened back to Charlestown. the officer that was sent, being an indolent fellow, Their fearful misapprehensions were soon fol- tarried at the place but two days, when he re- lowed by fatal consequences. Rogers and his turned, taking all the provisions wth him, about men encamped the same night a few miles up the two hours before our arrival. Finding a fresh Passumpsic, the mouth of which river they reach- fire burning in his camp, I fired guns to bring ed about noon the next day, and discovered fire on him back, wliich guns he heard, but would not dis- Round Island. He made a raft and passed over to it, return, supposing we were the enemy. Our but to his surprise and disappointment discovered tress on this occasion was truly inexpressible. and that no provisions had been left. His men were Our spirits, greatly depressed by the htmger so disheartened by this discovery that a consid- fatigues we had already suffered, now almost en- erable number of them died before the next day. tirely sank within us, seeing no resotirce left, nor — — —— — —— — ——
THE POETS AND POETRY OF VERMONT.
EDITED AKD PUBLISHED BY
ABBT MAHIA HEISIENWAT.
PRINTED BY GEO. A. TUTTLE & CO., RUTLAND, VT.
" The Bargain " we copy from a beautiful volume entitled tlie Poets of Vermont. New Yorh Independent. People cannot afford to read everything; hence the disposition to select works that relate to their own country, their own state, their own town, their own parish, their own family. The work before us is based on the same general principle. It was a happy thought
to group together the poets of a State ; and we doubt whether any State of the Union has furnished more poetrj% in projjortion to its population, worthy of preservation, than Vermont. —American Baptist, New York Cihj.
This is an exceedingly neat edition of poems by the Green Mountain State, embracing many sweet specimens of verse, and touching ujoon all themes, from lively to severe. Glea- son's Pictorial Drawing Room Companion. A beautifully bound volume, and contains some of the finest poetical productions of the age. Independence Gazette, Missouri.
REVISED EDITION.
POETS AND POETRY OF VERMONT. Edited by Abby Mahia Hemenway.
Publishers, Boston : Brown, Taggard & Chase. Brattleboro : W. Felton.
The poems embrace a great variety of topics, as well as of style and poetic merit While they are not all brilliant, there are very few which are not good, and we question whether it would not be difficult to produce a more acceptable volume from the poetic writings of the sons and daughters of any other State, and embracing as wide a range in the selection of authors. Boston Journal. A new edition, revised and enlarged, of a book which had already been very cordially received by the press and the public. There is a great deal of excellent poetry in the five hundred and more pages quite as much as will find in " ; you Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America," and kindred compilations. The book will be a popular one in Vermont, of course, and deserves to be so eA'erywhere else. Boston Times. The volume contains a large number of poems of varied merit, as they must be, coming
from many writers ; and forms a collection of poetry to which any State might point with an honest pride.— Worcester Palladium. Vermont has, in fact, many " poets of the people," as the volume before us abundantly demonstrates. Bangor Whig ^- Courier. The "Green Mountain State " need not be ashamed of her poetry, any more than of her patriotism. These poetical specimens are very creditable to their genius. Providence Journal. The degree of talent presented shows that the cold regions of the North are nurseries of poetry. Portsmouth Journal. The names of Drs. Spenser, Asa D. Smith, and Hopkins (Bishop), R. W. Griswold, George P. Marsh, and Walter Colton, are assurance enough that the land of mountain and rock has produced Arctic flowers worth transplanting. A likeness of J. G. Saxe accompa- nies the volume. Church Mirror, Portland. If you are a Vermpnter, and want to send a handsome and appropriate present to " the folks old at home;" or if you are not a Vermonter, but have some .particular friend who is, you will be tempted, we think, to buy it. The Lawrence American.
The Vermont press has been as warm in encouragement as our generous neighbors ; but it is not well to select out from among home-friends, where many are equally worthy.
The first edition of the Poets will be mailed, upon the reception of $1.00, to any part of the United States, or of the revised edition for $1.25. QUARTERLY GAZETTEER %
ji^iue.
This publication is to coasist of a series of fourteen Quarterlies,
one to be devoted to each county, commencing with Addison, and the
remainder following in alphabetical order.
The whole is designed to embrace a comprehensive history of each
town — civil, educational, religious, geological, and literary.
The writers in the historical department will, we think, be found
to be those at once the best qualified for this work, and the most
acceptable to their respective towns and the general public.
The biographical and specimen departments will be enriched by
(3\ sketches of, and specimens from, such men as Ethan Allen, Thomas Chittenden, General Stark, Silas Wright, Governors Sladc, Hall,
Fairbanks, M. C. ; Bishops Hedding, Henshaw, and Hopkins James Meacham, j Stephen Olin, D.D.; Amos Deane, LL.D.; Dr. Edwin James; Prof. i%j Boardman; Carlos Wilcox; Rev. Drs. Spencer, Sheldon, Asa D. Smith, &c. ; Hiram Powers, George P. Marsh, 4^P. Thompson, Hon. William C. Bradley, Judge Noble, &c. &c. We improve this occasion to give notice that each town is expected to furnish its own chapter of history and biographic sketches; each church its own records, sketches of first pastor, &c. Chapters on the geology of each county will be prepared by our best geologists. Finally, we may be allowed to add; in order that this enterprise prove at once creditable and profitable to all concerned, wc shall, of course, have to depend upon the active sympathy and hearty cooperation of every son and daughter of Vermont. (!) g§^(iO^>^e/^va^c WORKS IN PRESS OF J. MUNSELL, ALBAXT, X. T., FOR WHICH ORDERS ARE SOLICITED. THE NEW ENGLAND ORIGIN AND SIGNIFICATION AND SCOTTISH SURNAMES. ANTIQUARIAN JOURNAL. BY CLIFFORD STANLEY SIMS. PKICE $2 A TEAR. - The edition of this work will be limited to 150 co- his work, -which is a storeliouse of New England pies it will consist of about lOO pages in octavo, will ily history, is issued quarterly in January, April, ; be printed on fine and heavy paper, with wide mar- r and October, each number containing 96 pages, gins, and furnished to subscribers at $1.50 sewed and and a full index to names is given in the last No. I uncut; $2 in green cloth. If any copies remain un- ach volume. Sixteen volumes have been corn- sold at the time of publication they will be held at $2 ed, containing biographical sketches, family pedi- in paper. s, early American history, and numerous portraits list of Subscribers will be given. teel, which may be had at $2 a vol. in Nos. A complete set, 16 vols, iu half morocco, $40. bound Ji\-om the PhUadelplda Press. Mr. Clifford Stanley Pims, a mpmber of the Philadelphia bar, hag written an interesting work, entitled the Origin and Signifioar tion of Scottish Surnames, which will he siieediiy publishfd by Mr. J. Munsell, Albany —a gentleman whose name is honorably ERMONT GAZETTEER, associated with many valuable books. Only 150 copies will be printed, to be supplied by subscription, and got up upon superior paper, with wide margins, in Mr. Munsell's accustomed excellent manner. The edition is very limited—we should fancy that the this city would engross the whole Series of Town Histories, Grouped in Counties. St. Andrew's Society in alone of it. We had the pleasure of perusiug Mr. Sim.«'s work in manu- TO BE ISSUED IN QUARTERLY NUMBERS. script, and cheerfully bear testimony to the research, erudition, and full acquaintance with the subject which it exhibits. It is h number containing 100 pages in double columns, entertaining as well as antiquarian, and is liberally studded with historical and personal anecdotes. and a portrait on steel. 0. 1, Addison Co., portrait of Gov. Slade. 0. 2, Bennington Co., portrait of Gov. Hall. 0. 3, Bennington and Caledonia, portrait of Gov. KING PHILIP'S WAR. ;ocks. 0. 4, Caledonia Co., portrait of Gov. Fairbanks. It is proposed, if a sufl5cient Subscription can be 0. 5, Chittenden Co., portrait of Gov. Van Ness, obtained, to publish uniformly with MunsclVs Histo- isex, Franklin, Grand Isle, and Lamoille Counties rical Series, er Preparation. A jrms, 50 cents a number, or $3 for 14 numbers, if . in advance. 4 numbers ready for delivery, 5th BRIEF HISTORY OF THE WAR ress. WITH THE INDIANS IN NEW ENGLAND, By Increase Mather, together with Cotton Mather's NEW lORK TEACHER, Account of the same War, and an Introduction and cial Organ of State Teachers' Association Notes by Samuel G. Drake, Esq. This Work, for a long time difl5cult to be obtained, is not only indis- and Department of Public Instruction, pensable to all students of New England History, but JAMES CRDIKSHANK, LL. D., EDITOR. also an important adjunct to the Work on tlie same Subject in the Series above alluded to, more especially on Account of tlie Animadversions of Mather upon the Statements made therein by Easton. iblished Monthly, 8°, pp. 40, $1 per annum, in The will be printed in Old Style, in 4to form, mce. It is aimed to make the Teacher the expo- Work on fine laid Paper, containing about 300 pages, with 2 ; of enlightened views and improved methods; steel Portraits, at $3, in paper covers, sewed and un- ixpression of the best culture in tlie state ; and a cut; $3.50 in green cloth, gilt; large iful chronicle of educational news and educational or top edge paper copies, sewed, 10. List will ;ress. f A of Subscribers accom- pany the Volume, and the Edition will be limited very nearly to the orders received before printing. SUPPLEMENT Address J. MUNSELL, 78 State street, Albany, N. Y. 3T0RY OF ANCIENT WINDSOR, CONNECTICUT. AN BY HENRY R. STILES, M.^D. HISTORICAL SKETCH le History of Ancient Windsor being very nearly OF THE of print, the author proposes to issue a Supple- t, containing such additions and corrections as PROVINCIAL DIALECTS OF ENGLAND. ! accrued since the work was issued in 1859, the Illustrated by numerous Examples. i of which will not much exceed a dollar. Those ng the former work who may desire the Supple- By J. 0. Halliwell. t, please . ^ VERMONT QUARTERLY GAZETTEER OR HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Tliis publication is to consist of a series of Quarterlies, devoted to each county, commencing with Addison, and the remainder following in alphabetical order. The whole is de.signed to embrace a comprehensive history of each town—civil, educational, religious, geological, literary and military. The writers in the historical department will, we think, b^ found to be those at once the host qualified for this work, and the most acceptable to their respective towns and the general public. The biographical and specimen departments will be enriched by sketches of, and specimens from, such men as Ethan Allen, Thomas Chittenden, Seth Warner, Silas Wright; Governors Robinson, Tichenor, Williams, Crafts, Slade, Hall, Mattocks, Fairbanks, Van Ness, Royce, Ilolbrook, &c. ; Senators Upham, Phelps, Douglas, Foote, &c. ; Hon. James Meacham, Hon. Rollin C. Mallory, Hon. Justin S. Morrell, M. Cs.; Bishops Hedding, Henshaw, and Hop- I ST kins ; Stephen Olin, D. D. ; Dr. Edwin .James ; Rev. Drs. Spencer, Sheldon, Asa D. Smith, Cal- vin Pease, &c. ; Prof. J. Torrey ; Hon. Amos Dean, LL. D. ; Hiram Powers, George P. Marsh, Hon. William C. Bradley, Judge Noble, D. P. Thompson, Rev. S. R. Hall, Rev. P. H. White, George F. Houghton, Esq., Judge Kellogg, A. D. Hager, Esq., &c., &c. We improve this occasion to give notice that each town is expected to furni.sh its own chapter of history and biograpliic sketches; each church its own records, sketches of first pastor, ice. Chapters on the geology of each county will be prepared by our best geologists. Finally, we may be allowed to add, in order that this enterprise prove at once creditable and profitable to all concerned, we shall, of course, have to depend upon the active sympathy and hearty cooperation of every son and daughter of Vermont. 9 THE POETS AND POETRY OF VERMONT. R,EVISE3D EDITION". EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY ABBY MARIA HEMENVVAY, LUDLOW, VT "The Bargain" we copy from a beanliful volume brilliant, there are very few which are not good, and entitled the Poets of Vermont. Nevj York Independ- we question whether it would not be ditBcuIl to pro- eiie. duce a more acceptable volume from the poetic writ, People can not nflord to read every thing; hence the ings of the sons and daughters of any other state, and di«l><)t The first edition of the Poets will be mailed, upon the reception of $1, to any part of the United States; or of the revised edition, for $1.25. ^Xj^a<^X!X]^eX5sX!yGxiOeX^^^eX;^^ f^ COUNTY CHAPTEE. 265 any reasonable hope that we should escape a most Point, where he arrived December 1, 1759, and miserable death by famine. At length I came to joined the army under Gen. Amherst. Upon a resolution to push as fast as possible towards examination he found that after leaving the smok- Number Four, leaving the remains of my party, ing ruins of St. Francis he had lost three lieuten- now unable to march fm-ther, to get such wretch- ants and forty- six sergeants and privates. ed subsistence as the barren wilderness could This expedition, though it proved extremely afford, till I could get relief to them, which I en- dangerous and fatiguing to the men engaged in gaged to do within ten days. I taught Lieut. it, produced a deep impression on the enemy, car- Grant, the commander of the party, the use and rying consternation and alarm into the heart of method of preparing ground-nuts and lily roots, Canada, and convincing the Indians that the re- which being cleaned and boiled, will serve to pre- taliation of vengeance was now come upon them. serve life. I, with Capt. Ogden and one ranger Newbury was chartered May 8, 1763, and set- and a captive Indian boy, embarked upon a raft tled in 1764. Some of the St. Francis tribe of we had made of dry pine-trees. The current car- Indians returned to the Coos, where they lived and ried us down the stream in the middle of the died, and their families became extinct. One of river, where we endeavored to keep oui- wretched these was Capt. John, who had been a noted vessel by such paddles as we had made out of chief of the St. Francis tribe. He was in the small trees or spires split and hewed. battle of Braddock's defeat, and used to relate " The second day we reached White River how he shot a British officer, after the officer had Falls, and very narrowly escaped being carried knocked him down ; and how he tried to shoot over them by the current. Our little remains young Washington, but could not succeed. He of strength, however, enabled us to land and to was a fierce and cruel Indian, and had repeatedly march by them. At the bottom of these falls, used the tomahawk and scalping-knife upon the while Capt. Ogden and the ranger hunted for defenceless inhabitants of Massachusetts and red squirrels for a refreshment, who had likewise New Hampshire. When excited by ardent spir- the good foitiine to kill a partridge, I attempted its, he took a fiendish satisfaction in relating his the forming of a new raft for our further convey- cruel and savage deeds, particularly his bloody ance. Being unable to cut down trees, I burnt barbarities in torturing and killing captive fe- them down and then burnt them off at proper males, whose cries of distress he imitated, to make lengths. This was our tliird day's work after sport. He w3s, however, a firm friend of the leaving our companions. The next day we got American colonies. During the revolutionaiy our materials together and completed our raft war he received a captain's commission, raised a and floated with the stream again till we came to part of a company of Indians and marched with Otta Quechee Falls, which are about fifty yards the New England companies against Burgoyne. in length. Here we landed, and by a withe made One of his sons, in 1777, fought near Fort Inde- of hazel-bushes, Capt. Ogden held the raft till I pendence, under the command of Capt. Thomas went to the bottom, prepared to swim and board Johnston of Newbury. it when it came down, and, if possible, to paddle Captain Joe was another of these Indians. His it ashore, this being the only resource for life, as disposition was mild. He hated the British, and we were not able to make a third raft in case we rejoiced in the success of the American colonies. had lost this. I had the good fortune to suc- Accompanied with his wife, Molly, he used to ceed, and the next morning we embarked and hunt in this county. His name was given to floated down the stream to within a small distance Joe's Pond, on the western border of this county, of Number Four, where we found some men cut- and once belonged to it ; and to the stream which ting timber, who gave us the first relief an,d as- issues out of it and empties into Passumpsic sisted us to the fort, whence I dispatched a canoe in Barnet, where it is sometimes called Merrit's with provisions, which reached the men at Co- Eiver. Her name was given to Molly's Pond in hasse four days after, which, agreeable to my Cabot, which untU lately belonged to this county. engagement, was the tenth day after I left them. During the revolutionary war, he with Molly Two days after my arrival at Number Four, I visited Gen. Washington at his head-quartei-s on went up the river myself, with other canoes the Hudson River, and was received with marked loaded with provisions for the relief of others ofmy attention. When he became old and unable to party that might be coming on that way, having support himself, the legislature of Vermont hired some of the inhabitants to assist me in this granted him a pension of $70 annually. affair. I likewise sent expresses to Pembroke The war with the French in Canada and the and Concord upon the Merrimack Eiver, that any dread of the Indians retarded the settlements on who should straggle that way might be assisted, the Connecticut Eiver. and provisions were sent up said rivers accord- In 1760, no towns were chartered and no settle- ingly." ments made on that river north of Charlestown, Having returned from his expedition up the N. H., 75 miles below this county. But after the river, Maj. Eogers waited for his men at Number courage and power of the Indians were destroyed Four, and having collected and refreshed a con- by Eogers's daring expedition in 1759, and the siderable part of his force, he marched to Crown termination of the war with the French colonies ; 266 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. in Canada in 1 760, the settlements on the Con- The first mills erected in the county were a saw- necticut River rapidly increased. mill and gristmill built by Col. Hurd of Haver- In 1 760, Samuel Stevous was employed by a hill, N. H., in 1771, at the Falls on Stevens's Riv- land company to explore this partof the country, er in Barnet, by a contract with Enos Stevens, to find out the best lauds for settlement. He, with one of the grantees of the town, for one hundred a few others, began at the mouth of White River acres of land lying on the Connecticut River, and and proceeded up the Connecticut River till they running back half a mile and enclosing the Falls came to the head branches of Onion River, which Stevens, however, furnishing the mill-irons on rise in the southern part of this county and not the spot. many miles from the Connecticut. Thence they In 1774, a line was run from Connecticut River went down Onion River to Lake Champlain. in Barnet through Peacham to Missique Bay on Then beginning at the mouth of Lamoille River, Lake Champlain, which was of great use to our they proceeded up that stream to its head branches scouts and to deserters from the enemy during in the western part of this county, through which the revolutionary war. On this line, in March, they passed to the Connecticut River. 1776, several companies belonging to Col. Bee- In 1761, no less than sixty towns on the west, del's regiment marched to Canada on snow- and eighteen on the east side of the Connecticut, shoes. were chartered. After this period Elijah King, with Early in the spring of 1776, Gen. Bailey of a party, surveyed the towns north of Wells River. Newbury was ordered to open a road from New- The towns first chartered in this part of the bury in Orange County, beginning at the mouth county were New Hampshire Grants. Benning of Wells River, which empties into the Connecti- Wentworth, governor of that province, chartered cut River near the southeast corner of the county, Ryegate, September 8, 1763 ; Baniet,September to run through the wilderness to St. Johns, for 16, 1763, and Peacham, December 31, 1763. the purpose of facilitating the conveyance of Barnet was the first town in the county that was troops and provisions into Canada. He had settled. Its first settlers were from the New Eng- opened the road six miles above Peacham, when land settlements. Jacob, Elijah, and Daniel the news arrived that the American army had re- Hall and Jonathan Fowler settled in Bai-net, treated from Canada, and the undertaking was March 4, 1770. The first house erected in the abandoned. But in 1799 Gen. Hazenwas ordered county was built by the Halls, at the foot of the to Peacham with part of a regiment for the pur- falls on the north side of Stevens River in Barnet. pose, as was said, of completing the road begun Sarah, daughter of Elijah Hall, was the first by Gen. Bailey, so that an array might be sent child born in the county, and Barnet Fowler, son through for the reduction of Canada. But this of Jonathan Fowler, was probably the first male was probably a feint for dividing the enemy and born in the county. In October, 1773, there preventing them from sending their whole force were fifteen families in town, and in 1775 it began up Lake Champlain. Gen. Hazen, however, to be rapidly settled by emigrants from Scot- continued the road fifty miles above Peacham, land, who soon composed the great majority of through the towns of Cabot, Walden, Hardwick, the inhabitants. In 1773, emigrants from Scot- Greensboro', Craftsbury, Albany, and Lowell, land began to settle in Ryegate, having purchased and it terminated at a remarkable notch in the the south half of the town* The most of the in- mountain in Westfield. He erected block-houses habitants were Scotch, who settled in different at Peacham and other places along the road, " parts of the town. The first inhabitants of the which to this day is called the Hazen Road," town, however, were Aaron Hosmer and his and the notch where it terminated is known as family, who had camped on the Connecticut " Hazen's Notch." This road was of great ad- River, two miles above Wells River. In the vantage to the settlers after the revolutionary spring of 1775, Jonathan Elkins came to Peach- war. am, to the lot he had pitched in 1774. Danville But it appears from a letter wTitten by Gen. was chartered October 27, 1784, and a few years Wliitelaw to liis flither and the company in Scot- afterwards was rapidly settled. Dr. Arnold, of land, and dated Feb. 7, 1774, that a road from St. Johnsbury, procured the charters of that town Connecticut River to Lake Champlain and and Lyndon, Burke, and Billymead (now Sut- Canada had been designed, and the opening of ton), and named them for his four sons, John, it had commenced at that early period, which Lyndon, Burke, and William. John, however, was probably designed to facilitate the settlement was dead. His father sainted his name and of the country. As this letter was written soon called the town named for him St. Johnsbury.* after the settlement of the county had com- Ryegate, Barnet, and Peacham, the towns first menced, and as it contains many interesting par- chartered in the county, were settled before the ticulars, we quote it at length. revolutionaiy war. The rest of the towns in the " Ryegate, Feb. 7, 1774. county were chartered by the State of Vermont between 1780 and 1790. " We have now built a house and live very comfortably, though we are not troubled much * See St. Johnsbury chapter on this point. Ed. with our neighbors, having one family about half COUNTY CHAPTER. 267 a mile from us, another a mile and a half, and pected, for though it freezes sometimes pretty two about two miles and a half, — one above and severely, yet it is not very cold. The weather is the other below us. In the township above us commonly clear and settled." (Barnet) there are about fifteen families, and in Barnet, Ryegate, and Peacham being New the township below (Newbury), about sixty, Hampshire grants, were involved in the con- where they have a good Presbyterian minister, troversy with New York, and took an active whose meeting-house is about six miles from us. part in declaring Vermont independent, and There is as yet no minister above us, though establishing its government. there are some few settlers sixty miles beyond These three towns were settled but a few years us, on the river (Connecticut). There are no before the revolutionary war commenced, no settlers to the west of us till you come to Lake other towns in the county having been settled till Champlain, which is upwards of sixty miles. some years after the independence of the United There is a road now begun to be cut from Con- States was acknowledged by Great Britain. necticut River to the Lake, which goes through the Though feeble frontier settlements, they contrib- middle of our purchase, and is reasoned to be a uted according to their ability to establish that considerable advantage to us, as it will be the chief independence. In 1777, when there was a gen- post-road to Canada. We are extremely well eral call on that part of the country for soldiers, pleased with our situation, as the ground on a sec- they sent armed men to Saratoga, where they ond view is better than we expected, and we live had the pleasure of witnessing the surrender of in a place where we can have a pretty good price Burgoyne and his army. Afterwards they raised for the products of the earth. The ordinary price militia to guard the frontier, sent soldiers to the of provisions are as follows : Wheat, four shil- American army, and furnished provisions accord- lings per bushel ; barley, the same ; oats, rye, and ing to their abihty. one to shillings Indian com, from two ; pease four The legislatm'C of Vermont passed an act, shillings and sixpence ; all sterling, and all the Feb. 28, 1782, to raise three hundred able-bodied English bushel ; and the soil here produces these men for the ensuing campaign, and the men for in perfection, besides water and muskmelons, cu- Col. Johnston's regiment were to meet at his cumbers, potatoes, squashes, pumpkins, turnips, house in Newbury, March 1, 1782. The board parsnips, can-ots, onions, and all garden vegeta- of war, under this act, required two men from bles in the greatest plenty and perfection. They this county, — one from Ryegate and another have also excellent ilax, which they sell at four from Barnet. and a half pence sterling per pound, when swin- For the support of the troops raised by Ver- gled, which is sixpence lawful money, at Boston, mont during the revolutionary war, the legisla- in which they commonly reckon, as most of the tmre passed an act, October 27, 1781, to levy on the trade here is with that part of New England. polls and ratable estate of that year a provision Beef sells here at one and three fourths pence per tax of twenty ounces of wheat flour, and six pound, pork at four and one half to sixpence, ounces of rye flour, and also ten ounces of beef, mutton from two to three pence, butter and- and six ounces of pork mthout bone except cheese from five to six pence ; all sterling and all backbone and ribs ; and in 1782 another act was by the English pound. These are the real passed to levy a provision tax on the towns, by prices of provisions here, and what we onrselves which three towns in the county were taxed as pay for all these articles ; and as they have — follows, viz : great demand for these things in the seaport Salted Indian towns to the eastward, the price will continue. Flour. Beef. Pork. Corn. Eye. This country seems to be extraordinarily well Pounds. Pounds. Pounds. Bushels. Bushels. 1,800 600 300 54 12 adapted to the raising of cattle, as it is all cov- Ryegate, 250 125 24 12 ered with excellent grass where it is cleared, and Barnet, 750 even in many places in the woods. As butter Peacham 750 250 125 24 12 and cheese here sell at a good price, a good dairy 3,300 1,100 550 106 36 here might be a very profitable business. Though this is a new country we have every necessary As these towns had not fully furnished these of life at the above prices. We have a grist- provisions, the legislatm-e passed an act, Feb. 22, mill within six miles of us, and a sawmill 1783, " to remit all the aixears of taxes (except within two and a half. We know nothing of land taxes) due from Peacham, Barnet, and Rye- the hardships of settling a new place, for the gate, and laid on said towns before the session in first settlers in the town below, only ten years October, 1782, as these towns lie so detached from ago, had not a neighbor nearer than sixty miles, the firm citizens of this State, as that they cannot and no road but through the woods, and the be said properly to have been within the protec- nearest mill was one hundred and twenty miles tion and to have received the benefit of the gov- down the river. The people here are hospitable, ernment of the State." The other towns in this social, and decent. One thing I know, that here county began to be settled about the time of the they are very strict in keeping the Sabbath. formation of the Constitution of the United The mnter here is far from being what I ex- States, in 1787 ; and their settlement rapidly 268 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. increased in 1789, when the first Congress met mantown. It is said that he was an aidecamp and Gen. Washington was inaugurated President; to Gen. Washington. in 1790, when the long fierce controversy with Gen. James Whitelaw, of Ryegate, was an New York was amicably adjusted, and in 1791, emigrant from Scotland, being sent out as an when Vermont was admitted as one of the agent to purchase a large body of land for " The United States. All the towns in the county Scots American Company " of Renfrewshire, were settled before the end of the century. composed of 140 members, most of whom were The county was called "Caledonia," — the farmers, for whom ho purchased, in 1773, the ancient Roman name of Scotland, — out of south half of Ryegate, from Dr. Witherspoon, " regard for the emigrants from that country, who at the price of " three shillings Yoi'k money had purchased large tracts of land in the per acre. He was a surveyor by profession, county, and had largo and flourishing settlements and was appointed by the surveyor-general of in Barnet and Ryegate, and who were distin- Vermont, deputy surveyor from 1778 to October, guished for their intelligence, integrity, enter- 1786. After his term he was annually elected prise, industry, and patriotism, as well as for by the legislature surveyor-general of Ver- their reUgious character. They favored the mont till 1796. He surveyed a large majority cause of American independence, and some of of town lines in the State, and a number of them served in the revolutionaiy army. They towns he surveyed into lots, and drew the maps. supported Vermont in the declaration of her By John Adams, President of the United States, independence and the formation of her constitu- he was appointed one of the five commissioners tion, in trying circumstances, which called for to execute, within the State of Vermont, an act the highest exercise of the greatest wisdom, for- of Congress, passed July 9, 1798, " to pro-vide titude, and patriotism. They organized a church for the valuation of lands and dwelling-houses and settled a clergyman long before any other and the enumeration of slaves within the United church was founded, or any other clergyman States." In 1796, he published a large, beanli- was installed in the county. Some of Caledo- ful, and coiTcet map of Vermont, which he nia's sons were appointed by the legislatm-e of aftei-wards improved and republished. Vermont to high and responsible offices, which Col. Alexander Harvey was another emigrant they held for many years, with credit to them- from Scotland, being sent as the agent of " The selves and benefit to the State and county. Farmers' Company, of Perthshire and Sterling- Rev. John Witherspoon, D.D., an emigrant shire," to purchase a tract to be settled by them. from Scotland, owned a large tract of land in In 1774, he purchased for the Company 7,000 Ryegate, and his influence contributed largely to acres in the southwest part of Barnet, the price the early settlement of the county by his country- being fourteen pence sterling (about twenty-five men. He was a descendant of Jolm Knox, the cents) an acre. He took an active part in the famous Scottish Reformer, by his daughter, declaration of the independence of the State, the n-ife of John Welch, another reformer of and the formation of its constitution and gov- Scotland. He was president of Princeton Col- ernment, having been a member of the conven- lege in New Jersey, and was an able advocate of tions of 1777, and all the sessions of the legis- American independence. He was a member lature, till 1788, and also a member of the of Congress for six years, and evinced his pat- Constitutional Convention of 1791. He was riotism by strenuously lu'ging Congress to adopt appointed Associate Judge of Orange County, in the Declaration of Independence, which he him- 1781, which office he held till 1794. The gov- self readily signed. He was appointed by Con- ernment gave him a commission to build a fort gress on different important committees. He on Onion or Lamoille River, which he declined was a member of the committee appointed by to accept. Congress to repair to Vermont and endeavor to The emigrants from Scotland, in Barnet and obtain a settlement of the matters in dispute Ryegate, wei-e distinguished for religious knowl- between that State and New York, and came edge, being well acquainted vnih the Holy Scrip- to Bennington, Vt., and had an inter^aew with tures. They observed daily the "worship of God Gov. Chittenden immediately after liis appoint- in their families, and were careful to bring up ment. His able, humorous, vdttj, and sarcastic tiicir children " in the nurture and admonition ^vritings were greatly subsei-vient to the cause of of the Lord." They strictly sanctified the Sab- religion and civil liberty. That he was an emi- bath, and loved the house of God. Feeling the nent divine is shown by his excellent sermons, want of the public ordinances of religion, they which he printed, and the admirable publications made strenuous endeavors, before and during the of Congress, calling on their constituents to revolutionaiy war, to obtain them, and after seasons of fasting and prayer. repeated efforts they succeeded. During the James, his eldest son, settled in the north part revolutionary war and before and after it, several of Ryegate, where he remained nearly two years, clergymen, most of whom were Presbyterians, but by his father's solicitation he joined the and emigrants from Scotland came and preached American army, in which he attained the rank in these two towm. Rev. Peter Powers, who of major. He was killed at the battle of Ger- was settled in Newbury from 1765 to 1784 was COUNTY CHAPTER. 269 probably tlie first clergyman who preached in the county for many years, and many of the this county. Dr. Witherspoon visited Barnet most honorable, useful, and influential persons and Ryegate two or three times and preached have become members. and baptized. On one of these occasions he June 14, 1785, the legislature chartered the rode the saddle on which his son sat at the battle town of Wheelock, in this county, contaiDing of Germantown, and which bore the mark of the 23,040 acres, and granted it to the President and ball which killed him. The first visit was prob- Trustees of Dartmouth College, and Moore's ably in 1775, and in 1782 he returned. Rev. Charity School, at- Hanover, N. H. The town Thomas Clark, of Salem, N. Y., preached here was called Wheelock, in honor of Rev. John in 1775, and afterwards returned two or three Wheelock, then president of the college. times. Rev. Robert Annan, of Boston, Mass., The academy of Caledonia County was char- preached in these parts first in 1784, then in tered and endowed by the legislatm-e, and estab- 1785, in which year Rev. David Annan came lished at Peacham, Oct. 27, 1795. Alexander and preached. Rev. John Houston, of Bedford, Harvey, Jamss Whitelaw, Josiah L. Arnold, N. H., first visited these towns in the latter part David Goodwillie, Daniel Cahoon, Horace of 1785, and retm'ned in 1787, and remained a Beardsly, Wm. Chamberlin, Benjamin Sias, year. In 1784, the town of Barnet voted unani- and Jacob Davis were appointed trustees by the mously "to choose the Presbyterian form of charter. The academy is a large, beautiful, and religious worship, founded upon the word of commodious ediSce, in a fine situation, command- God, as expressed in the confession of faith, cate- ing a view of the White Mountains in New chisms, larger and shorter, with the form of Pres- HampsMre, and contains a good library, and an byterian church government agreed upon by the extensive philosophical apparatus. The institu- assembly of divines at Westminster, and prac- tion, from its organization to the present time, tised by the church of Scotland." In 1787, the has been in a prosperous condition. Floux'ishing town and church of Barnet sent a joint petition academies exist also in St. Johnsbury, Danville, to the Associate Presbyterian Synod in Scotland, Lyndon, and Barnet, with large and elegant for a minister, ofiering to pay the expense of his edifices. passage to this country. They were dkected to The excellent system of common schools apply to the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylva- adopted by Vermont is in successful operation nia, and informed that two clergymen had been in all parts of the county. sent out to that Presbytery, to which they made The legislature of Vermont held its session application, in consequence of which Rev. in Danville, the county seat, from Oct. 10 to Thomas Beveridge, of Cambridge, Washington Nov. 8, 1805. County, N. Y., came and preached in 1789, and The .first newspaper published in the county returned in 1790. In consequence of application was printed at Peacham, by Amos Farley and to that Presbyteiy, Rev. David GoodwiUie came Samuel Goss. It was called " The Green in the autumn of 1789, and continued his minis- Mountain Patriot," and commenced in Feb. terial labors in Barnet and Ryegate till February, 1798, and continued till March, 1807. "The 1790, in which year a unanimous call was given North Star," published at Danville, commenced to him to become their pastor, Ryegate receiving the first week in January, 1807, and still con- a sixth part of his pastoral labors. In this call tinues. the town of Barnet concurred. In September, For many years the Hazen Road, according to 1790, Mr. Goodwillie returned and was settled its original design, was the highway for settlers as the minister of the town and pastor of the coming into the county. At an early period a chmxh. While yet a student in his native land, branch from that road began at Col. Harvey's he was a friend to the American colonies strug- residence on the North side of Harvey's Moun- gling for their hberties. August 2, 1830, he tain, in Barnet, and ran past the north end of died, honored and lamented, having labored suc- Haiwey's Lake, and through the centre of that cessfully more than forty years in the county. town to the mouth of Joes River, and was after- A Presbyterian church was organized in wards extended up the Passumpsic to St. Johns- Peacham, by Rev. Peter Powers, January 22, bmy. At a later date another branch from the 1784. Hazen Road was made to Danville. The Congregational Chm-ch in Peacham was The Passumpsic Turnpike Company was formed April 14, 1794. Rev. Leonard Worcester incoi-porated in 1805. The construction of the was settled as the pastor of the church, Oct. 30, road commenced in 1807 at Joes River, and in 1799, and continued his labors for many years. 1808 it was made to Ryegate Kne, and aftenvards He was the second clergyman settled in the extended to Wells River. county. The Connecticut and Passumpsic rivers Rail- At the present time there are difierent denomi- road was constructed from White River, through nations of Christians in the county, the Congre- Ryegate, and Barnet, to St. Johnsbury in 1850, gationalists. Baptists, and Methodists being the and was extended to Barton, Vt., in 1858. most numerous. The Agricultural Society of the county has Bible and missionary societies have existed in been in successful operation for many years, and . . 270 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. its auuual exbibitious show that agnculture is in a very flourishing condition. Indeed, the agri- ac u-^ o C5 ^ I- o?^ N c: —; ^ r: \r —_ Jo are greater than cultural products of the county i-c rt r-l F-i l-< ejTjl those of any other county in the United States, &^Ph having no greater population. It is famous for rrOC4iroi-l' _ ., . =r rt Ci exported from the county every year, to Boston, - _^ l-« — cq l~ O 05 CO O i-(sssO C4 * 03 O 03 Tji -^ CO M where it always brings the highest price, and has repeatedly gained the highest premium. TjlOrHOO-JOOOC'll .as ^1—lO-^ O" For many years the nearest post-office to the o 00 i-^cc CO r-Tco CO CO t-Tt-h c^fCO CO CO co" county was at Newbury, Orange County, Vt. IMNN tl M UNITED STATES AND STATE OFFICEES OF s'm r-To a't-^sig rf00 '-<'t-'""fS 00 ;3 '^5<)coc 1S41-1843 ; and was governor of the State in O ... 1843. Hon. Erastus Fan-banks, of St, Johnsbmy, g^ o S 1=2 § was governor of the State, 1852 and 1860. - i:'2 s & as g, oif' Hon. William Chamberlin, of C3.^ QJ Peacham, a W ^ p^ (y ^*i .C 3fc B^H^J^Sfi^PHa! cocci: revolutionary soldier, who fought in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, and Bennington, and POPULATION OF CALEDONIA COUNTY. took an active part in the formation of the State government, was a member of congress, TOWNS. 1791. ISOO. 1810. 1820. 1830. 1840. 1850. 1800, 1803-1805, 1809, 1810, and lieut.-govemor of Bradley'sVnle 21 SO 107 the State, 1813, 1814. Bamet l.SOl 1,488 1,764 2,0.10 2,00-2 Burke 400 .•itl 868 1,001 986 Bartlett, 4.>5i 013 910 1,102 Hon. Thomas of Lyndon, was mem- Waldcn .. rm 427 1,289 1,24; i,;i.w 1,.388 1,41 1,172 congress, 1851, 1852. Watcrford ber of Wheeloek 9G4i 90U 834 881 856 832 Hon. Ephraim Paddock, of St. Johnsbury, was one of the judges of the supreme court, 2,0.'59 7,207 1.1,914 15,361 17,990 20,451 22,04-3 21,7 1828-1830. Hon. Charles Davis, of Danville, was one of MAGNETIC VARIATION. the judges of the supreme court, 1846, 1847, and The magnetic variation observed by Gen. United States attorney for the District of Ver- Whitelaw on the north line of Vermont, 20 mont, 1841-1845. miles west of the Connecticut River in 1785, was 7° Hon. Luke P. Poland, one of the judges of and 40' west ; and by Dr. Williams, at the 9' the supreme coiu-t, lo48-1859, was chosen chief northeast corner of the State, in 1806, it was 10° justice of Vermont, 1860, which office he now west. At the present time it is very nearly holds. west in this county. . .. BAENET. 271 Meteorological Tables for the years 1858, In the year 1859 rain fell on 95 different days. " 1859, and 1860, deduced from the daily Meteor- " snow " 83 " " " ological Observations taken with standard in- " total fall of snow, 104 inches " struments, at St. Johnsbury, Vt., in N. lat. 44° " rain and melted snow, 32.7 in 25/ and W. Ion. 70°, and 540 feet above tide In order to obtain information of the early his water. These observations were kindly fur- toiy of Caledonia Cotmty, the writer has exam- nished by Franklin Fairbanks, Esq., to make ined the public records of all the towns first set these tables, which, had I'oom in this work per- tied, and made diligent search for private letters mitted, might have been extended, including some papers, and journals ; and lie has succeeded be general obsen^ations on the clouds and winds. yond expectation, having had the privilege of The thanks of the community are due to that examining very many early written and highly gentleman for his diligence and care in taking interesting and important documents, which be- these observations three times a day for years, longed to Gen. Whitelaw, Col. Harvey, Eev. D. making more than thirty daily observations to Goodwillie, Enos Stevens, Esq., and others. He be recorded. He is one of more than five hun- is indebted to Walter Hai-vey, Esq., of Barnet, dred regular meteorological obsei*vers in differ- for the letters, papers, charts, and journal of his ent parts of North America, taking daily obser- father, Col. Harvey; to the daughter of Gen. vations, morning, noon, and night, for the Smith- Whitelaw, Mrs. Abigail Henderson of Eyegate, sonian Institution at Washington, to which their for the general's correspondence with his father meteorological records are regularly returned. in Scotland, Dr. Witherspoon, and Eev. Thomas These observations, when properly discussed by Clark, and other clergymen who preached in the that highly scientific institution, promise to pro- county at an early period, and for the sketch of duce, in process of time, results greatly con- her father's life vsaitten by herself; and to the ducive to the interests of agriculture and com- general's grandson, W. T. Whitelaw, Esq. of merce. It is very desirable that the number Eyegate, for the use of his grandfather's journal, of these observers were increased in all parts of papers, deeds, charts, and business correspond- the continent, and all the newspapers should ence, which consists of thousands of letters and publish monthly abstracts of their observations, several folio volumes of answers to correspond- as is done by the Caledonian, published at St. ents. One of the deeds is from Dr. Witherspoon, Johnsbury, and a few other papers in the country. and is beautifully written on a large sheet of Rain parchment. BAEOMBTEK. IHEKMOMETEK Gauge. i Barnet, Vt., Jan. 1, 1861. S a Is og ^ 3 1-s 1S5S. . II BARNET. S a a S S a a < A< (^ H January . 29.51 29.36|29.S9 30.22 28.79 15 24 IS 42 -8 1.41 Barnet lies on the Connecticut Eiver, at the February. bend where the river, March.... au.fii! 29.29 29.41 29.93 m.7'>. 13 31 18 ,52 -'>7 1.61 coming from the northeast, 4P"1 29.2!) 29.:U 29.2(i 29.«(l 28.K.S 34 4.5 35 59 21 2.51 turns and rans south. It is opposite May 29.47 29.44 29.49 29.97 •'K.99 46\n^>. 45 77 3,3 3.15 Monroe June 29.45 29.42 29.4'f 2V).(K 99 90 H074 ,59 90 40 4.36 July.. (formerly Lyman), Grafton Co., N. H., in JST. 29.45 •J^JM 29.4,5 29.44 29.11 58 73 00 «fi ,50 5.72 August . . 29.4K 29.4(i 29.77 29.KI 29 12 5472 ,59 8-? 40 5.42 lat. 44° 18'' and E. Ion. 4° 55' and is 35 miles E. September 29.52 29.47 29.44 29.9(1 'S r.9 47 C6I52 87 96 4.5» October... 29. 29.52 29.54 "8 '>?• M 29.99 8fl 38 ,51 49 70 5.78 from Montpelier, 65 miles N. from Windsor, and K'ovember 29.aK 29.2G 29.42 a>.H5 29 04 'fi,34 ^fi 4-8 -'>. 2.15 December 29.6'/ 29.52 29.53 30.14 28.73 1020 15 38 -25 2.19 50 N. fi-om Dartmouth College at Hanover N. 29.45 29.40 29.47 29.87 28.83 32 47 36 73 17 40.22 H. It is bounded N. E. by Waterford and St. 1859. Johnsbury; S. E. by Connecticut Eiver, which separates it from January . 30.05 2.77 New Hampshire ; S. by Eye- February. 29.78 1.57 gate ; and N. by Peacham and Danville. March 29.97 4.91 W. It April 29.73 2.42 contains 25,524 acres, and according to the cen- May 29.84 1.78 June 29. 3.23 sus of 1860, 2,002 inhabitants, which gives 50 July 29.88 1.21 August . . 29.' 29.. 29.7 1.78 persons to the square mile. September 29.. 29.; 29.8 3.59 October... 29.; 29.. 29.92 1.59 On the Connecticut and Passumpsic rivers are November 29.i 29.J 30.09 3.84 December 29.49 29.53 30.20 28.83 3.38 extensive intervales. The rest of the town is 29.4029.42 29.4529.9029.84 3148 36 68 19 32.07 104 uneven and in some parts elevated. The town 1S60. is well watered and the soil very productive. Harvey's lake in the January . .46 29.. 29.95 28.88 southwest part of the town February.. .44 29.' 30.05 28.65 is nearly a mile and a half long and March . . ,23 29.! 29.77 28. __ more than a April 35|29.' 29.9G 28.93 May 36129.; 29.76 half mile wide near the middle, and has a smface June 29.49 of more than three hundred acres. July 29.62 Boss's Pond, August... 29.67 29.10 near the centre of the town, one third of a mile September 29.92 28.90 October... 29.97 28.73 long and a quarter of a mile wide, covers November 29.87 28.60 December 29.62 about fifty acres. Moor's Pond, near the centre 29.36l29.,37l29.37 29.80 28.79 .. 51 of the town, covers about twenty acres. All the 272 \TERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. streams of the town empty into the Connecticut. died on the Passumpsic before they ci'.me to its A stream from Ryegate enters Harvey's Lake at mouth, and others on the Connecticut River be- the south end, and Stevens's River issues from the low its mouth. Human bones have been discov- north end of the hike, runs in a southeasterly di- ered in the meadows on the Passumpsic above its rection and empties into Connecticut River about mouth and on the Connecticut above the Barnet two and half miles from the southeast comer of depot. The story of David Woods, that " an In- the town. About one hundred and fifty rods dian was cut to pieces and divided among the sur- from its mouth it falls eighty feet in twenty rods, vivors " has been diligently investigated. Neither and presents a grand view when the waters are the histories of the time nor Rogers's journal high. A stream from Peacham enters it near mention such a circumstance, so repulsive to the the lake and another considerable stream from refined feelings of civilized society. The story the same town enters it about four miles from its has been traced up to David Woods, who lived mouth. A small stream issues out of Ross's Pond in an adjoining town, as the sole witness, and and runs through Moor's Pond and enters the application has been made to living persons who Connecticut a quarter of a mile below the Pas- knew "the man and his manner." One of these Bumpsic. Joes River issues from Joes Pond persons, who was for many years president of the in Danville, and nins in a southeasterly direction Historical Society of Vermont, writes, " I have through the town and enters the Passumpsic heard Woods say that he was with Rogers, and about a mile and a half from its mouth. It was one of his sergeants, and that they camped is the largest stream in Barnet except the Pas- near the mouth of the Passumpsic, and that night sumpsic, and is also called Merrit's River, snow fell several inches deep, and that a negro because John Merrit owned land near its mouth. soldier died that night and was cut up in the Enerick Brook, coming from Danville, enters morning and divided among the soldiers, and he the Passumpsic about a mile above the mouth of had one hand for his share, on which, with a Joes River. small trout, after being cooked, he made a very The Passumpsic, the longest and largest river good breakfast. After breakfast, in going down in the county, comes from St. Johnsbuiy through the river they discovered fire on the round island a comer of Waterford, and enters the town on the opposite its mouth, and that Rogers and one man northeast part, and gradually turns and runs south passed over to the island. Rogers became satis- and empties into the Connecticut River about two fied that men had been there with provisions but miles and a half from the northeast corner of the had left. On his return to his men a consiiltar town. Major Rogers and his rangers came down tion was had and each soldier was told to take tliis river from Canada in his expedition to pun- care of himself." ish the St. Francis tribe of Indians in October, Another person wi-ites, " Joseph Woods told 1759, and being disappointed in not receiving me, and I think he said his father told liim, that provisions when they came to the Connecticut about the time the rangers expected to die of River, a number of them died of starvation and starvation, the men cast lots to see who should fatigue, as related in the preceding history of the be lulled to furnish food so that they might not county. all die, and that one was killed and eaten." Thompson's Gazetteer of Vermont, edition of Another person has assured the writer that he " 1824, says, " Maj. Rogers, with one hundred and heard David Woods say that he had eaten a fifty-six men, came to the mouth of the Passump- piece of an Indian." sic, discovered fire on the round island, made a Now all these stories can be reconciled upon the raft and passed over to it, but, to their surprise improbable supposition that Rogers's party killed and mortification, found no provisions had been one living man, a soldier ; and ate three dead men, left. The men, already reduced to a state of star- a white man, a negro, and an Indian. If Rogers vation, were so disheartened at this discovery and his men did these things, they had the hearts of that tliii-ty-six of them died before the next day. hyenas, destitute of all good feelings and refined An Indian was cut to pieces and divided among sentiments. Rather than attribute such honible the survivors. David Woods, who has recently deeds to them, it would be far more reasonable to lived in this town, was one of Rogers's sergeants, believe that the criminal who could boast that ho and stated the above account to be correct." This " stood the pilloiy like agentleman," was not a man account is incorrect in some important particu- of honor and integrity. Whatever this one witness, lars. Rogers's joumal and the histories of the and perhaps some few others hke him, may have expedition show that the soldiers and prisoners, done, it is safe to assert that there is no proof all told, did not amount to that number, besides that Rogers and his men, as a party, killed or ate all the sui-vivors were not then and there present, any man, white, black, or red. It is gratifying and that it is highly improbable that so great a that this investigation has dispelled the cloud number as thirty-six died in eighteen hours. that has for so long time obscured, in some Peter Lervey, one of Rogers's men, who lived in degree, the gloiy of the heroic Rogers and his t'lis town a short time before his death, about brave men, who fearlessly Avcnt hundreds of miles 1817, and who made no mention of the party through the woods into the enemy's country, eating human flesh, said that some of the men perfoi-med exploits and endured the tortures of " BAENET. 273 famine and fatigue to punish the hon-id barbarities came to Barnet, and having obtained a sufiicient long practised by the savages of Canada, and so supply of oatmeal for his famishing family, ex- save the families of the frontier settlements of pressed his gladness and gratitude by exclaiming, New England from murder, plunder, and arson. " Blessed be the Scotch, for they invented oat- A man by the name of Barnes lived in Barnet meal ! a short time, at an early period, who belonged to It was the first town settled and the second Rogers's party, and said that the silver image chartered in the country; Ryegate, lying on the weighing ten pounds, which they took from the Connecticut River, south of it, receiving its char- chapel in St. Francis, was hid on the way ter but eight days before. The charter is dated in a crevice of a rock, and covered with leaves. September 16, 1763, and was granted under the He said also that they took from the chapel British crown by Benning Wentworth gover- two gold candlesticks, which they hid in the nor of the province of New Hampsliire. It is in woods, under the root of a tree, near the the common form of the New Hampshire char- Canada line, and that he went back after some ters. It calls the town "Barnet," which it de- years and searched for them, but could not find scribes and bounds as follows, viz : — where he hid them. It is said that this part "Beginning at the northwesterly of his story was confirmed by a report in the corner of Eye- gate, thence south sixty-eight degrees newspaper, about 1816, that east by Ryegate two gold candle- to the southeasterly corner thereof, being a tree stand- sticks, worth $1,000, were found in the woods in ing on the banks of the westerly side of Connec- Hatiey, C. E., which lay ticut in Rogers's way. Kiver, thence up said river as that tends so far as to make The first Geological Report of Vermont says, six miles on a straig-ht line, thence turn- ing off and running north twenty-eight that beds of shell marl are found in Barnet. degrees west so far that a straight line drawn from The second report that period to on that subject says, "Barnet the northwesterly corner of Ryegate, the bounds be- lies on the Connecticut River, in the calcareo- gun at, shall include the contents of six miles square mica slate or region. A considerable range of clay 23,040 acres and no more, out of which an allow- ance is to be made for slate is found near the river. A range of granite highways and unimprovable lands by rocks, ponds, mountains, and passes through the west part of the town. The rivers, one thousand and forty acres free, according to the plan soil in the Passumpsic and Connecticut valleys and survey thereof made by our said governor's order is alluvial and river deposit of good quality. In and returned to the secretary's ofBce and hereto an- the nexed." westerly part the limestone is rapidly decom- posing and uniting with the drift and makes an The' plan delineated in the charter gives three excellent soil. The town, although considerably sides of the town. The line on Ryegate is broken, has an excellent soil for grazing. Many marked six and one fourth miles. The length valuable cattle and some horses are sent to mar- of the northeast line is not given. The Connec- ket annually, and large quantities of excellent ticut River is delineated as the southeast side. A butter. Deposits of muck are numerous, and part of the Passumpsic is sketched on which the considerable quantities of marl are found in " " sev- word falls is vnitten, not far from its mouth. eral places, from which a good quality of lime But the town is actually larger than described in has been manufactured. The agricultural prod- the charter, which limits it to 36 square miles. ucts of the town are abundant and of a good As surveyed and returned to the State office of quality, besides, many beef cattle and some Vermont, it contains 25,524 acres, which is al- horses and sheep are sent to market. The Scotch most 40 square miles. were early noted for making good butter." . The south line along Ryegate is 6 and one Almost every farmer keeps a dairy, and some half miles, being a quarter of a mile more than is of them make more than a ton of butter in a mentioned in the charter. The distance from tho season. It brings the highest price in the mar- southeast to the northeast corner, in a straight ket. One who has travelled extensively in line (through New Hampshire), is more than 6 Europe and America, thinks that the butter made miles, the length prescribed in the charter. The in this part of our country is the best in the northeast line, along "Waterford and St. Johns- world. bury, is 5 miles and 52 rods, and the northwest For many years after the settlement of the line, along Peacham and Danville, is 10 miles town by the Scotch, they manufactured large and 228 rods. By the charter, the town is incor- quantities of oatmeal, which is a healthy porated, its and and inhabitants enfranchised j and so nutritive kind of food. Dr. Johnson, who had soon as there were fifty families settled in town a powerful prejudice against the Scotch, defined it should have the privilege of holding two fairs oatmeal as the food of men in Scotland and annually, and a market opened and held one or of horses in England. Upon which a Scotch more days each week. The first meeting for the nobleman exclaimed, " Where will he find such choice of town officers was to be held on the men and such horses 1 " Oatmeal was highly fir-st Tuesday of Oct., 1764, and to be notified serviceable to the first settlers, and was fur- by Simeon Stevens, who was appointed its mod- nished to the surrounding towns to the Canada erator, and that the annual meeting thereafter line and even beyond it. In one of the years of should be always held in March. The grant of scarcity of provisions, a man from a distant town lands to the proprietors was on the following ; 274 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. conditions, ^^z : that every grantee should culti- Voted a committee to raise one man for this town, as reasonably as can, tlie vate five acres of land \\'ithin the terra of five they and town agrees to it, by avote of this meeting, for guarding the frontiers." years for every fifty acres of land owned, and to "Voted Jacob Hall, James Gilchrist, and Peter Lang, afterwards additional continue cultivation on a committee to write letters to Col. Beedel aud Col. penalty of forfeiture ; that all pine trees fit for Johnston." " Voted Jacob Hall, captain; Daniel masts should be presented for the royal navy Hall, lieutenant." that before the division of the town a lot near Then follows a list of the men who have no the centre of the town should be divided into guns, 15 in number. acres, one of wliich should belong to each " Sept. 8, 1781. Took into consideration a (despatch grantee, and that each grantee should pay to the from) Major Childs. Voted, the major part, not to do governor and his successor, one car of Indian any thing as to the last year's provisions — not to corn annually, for ten years, if demanded, and af- raise any at all." " Voted to raise 750 weight as to ter that period one shilling, proclamation money, this year, to turn to the store for troops at Peacham." " for every 100 acres owned, to be paid annually, Voted James Cross and Walter Brock a committee to speak to Major Childs concerning the provisions." forever. The town was to be divided equallj' " Voted Jacob Hall, Mr. Stuart, Mr. Gilchrist, and into seventy-three shares. of A lot 500 acres Peter Lang, to write a letter to Major Childs con- was laid oft" on the Connecticut River, in the cerning getting last year's provisions. Chose two northeast corner of the town as " the governor's assessors; chose Mr. Harvey for a representative." " Oct. 2, 1781. Chose Walter Brock a lister, with lot," which was to be two shares ; and one share James Cross, chosen a lister before, and likewise for the society propagating the gospel in foreign carried in to the listers their ratable estate." paits ; one share for a glebe for the Church of At a meeting having no date, Alexander England ; one share for the first settled minister, and one share for schools, were granted forever. Harvey was chosen a representative to the Sixty-seven grantees are named in the charter, General Assembly that sat at Charlcstown, N.H., II, 1781. certainly which is signed by Benning "Wentworth, gov- Oct. These are not the ernor and commander, and attested by T. Atkin- regular town records which the wiiter is assured said, son, Jr., Secretary. The American Revolution Stevens Rider after the revolutionary swept away the conditions of the charter, but the war, were lost I The State records show that tOAvn United States government confirmed all such meetings were regularly held to choose grants. Col. Harvey a delegate to the three conventions of 1777, and a representative to the legislature, It is not known when the town was organized, its first meeting, March 12, 1778, till tho and the first meeting was held according to the from charter. In Willard Stevens's collection of town meeting, March, 1783, which therefore was documents, were foimd some loose papers, worn not the first town meeting at which the town in and torn, containing some brief minutes of town was organized, as has been asserted some his- meetings held during the revolutionaiy war. tories of the town. The regular town records begin "March 18, The following is a summary of these minutes, 1783. At a meeting of the freemen of this town, which are in the handwriting of Stevens Rider : legally warned at the house of Robert TwaddcU, " Sept. 8, 1778. Alexander Harvey chosen Repre- made choice of the following gentlemen for one sentative to the General Assembly, and entrusted year : Alexander Harvey, president, £tnd Walter with the votes (for Governor, Lieut. Governor, aud Brock, clerk ; James Gilchrist, Thomas Smith, Councillors) and all powers necessary, agreeable to the Constitution." Signed " Stevens Kider, T. Bartholomew Somers, selectmen ; James Orr into Clerk." "Dec. 3, 1779. The town took con- and Stevens Rider, constables ; James Cross, sideration the voles, and chose Thomas Smith treasm-er ; James Stuart and Peter Sylvester, constable to collect what was demanded of the listers John McLaren and Jacob Hall, col- town: voted Walter Brock and Peter Lang to settle ; Gilchrist, grand-juror ; Peter the wages of the boys that were hired for this town, lectors ; James and they brought in that they should have eight Lang, Robert Brock, tythingmen ; James Stuart, month." " March 13, 1781. bushels of wheat a scaler of weights and raeasm-es ; Alexander Jacob Hall, moderator; Stevens Rider, town Chose Thompson, William Rider, Archibald Harvey, clerk; Alexander Harvey, justice of the peace for road surveyors ; Elijah Hall, George Garland, this town ; Teter Lang, John Waddell, Walter Brock, select men." fence surveyors. John Shaw declined to be a selectman. Other toA\Ti oificers were chosen, but the mice Walter Brock, Town Clerk." have gnawed off a part of the paper. " Voted that every man work six days on said TOWN CLERKS OF BARNET. road, or pay a fine of one dollar for every day he is Walter Brock - . - - 1783 to 1787 missing without sufficient reason." '• Voted, if any Walter Stuart - . . - 1787 to 1806 man let his hogs run out so as to hurt any of his neighbor's interest, the owner of the hogs should David Goodwillie - . - 1807 to 1827 " make it good to his neighbor." May 14, 1781. Voted John Shaw - . - 1827 to 1852 guard the frontiers to raise two able-bodied men to Austin 0. Hubbard - - - 1852 to 1855 of this place and others, according to the orders .Jonathan D. Abbott - . - 1855 to 1859 Col. Johnston sent, in part of five men Ave had to - - - 1859 to 1861 raise according to orders that came to this town Thomas Goodwillie BAENET, 275 But though the meeting held March 18, 1783, the first male child born in Barnet, and probably was not the fii-st town meeting at which the town in the county. The Fowler family moved to was organized, as has been asserted, yet a list of Shipton, C.E. about 1810. The witer possesses all the freemen of the town seems to have been documents signed by Jonathan Fowler, Sept. 3, commenced the next year, and is recorded at the 1791, and by Barnet Fowler, March 12, 1799. beginning of the first volume, as follows, viz : — Daniel Hall's wife was the first person who •' Barnet, January 29, 1784. Now and formerly the died in town after its settlement. She was persons mentioned the took freeman's oath : Peter buried in the graveyard at Stevens Village. She Sylvester, Samuel Perie, James Cross, Alexander was the mother of Dr. Abiathar Wright, who Thompson, Stevens Eider, Elijah Hall, Walter was a physician in the town. Jacob Hall had Brock, James Stuart, Samuel Stevens, John Merrit, but one son, James Orr, Daniel McFarlane, Jacob Hall, Barthol- Moses, to whom he sold his farm, omew Somers, James Gilchrist, Alexander Harvey, but they afterwards moved to Shipton, C. E. William Tice, Hugh Koss, John McFarlane, Robert Daniel Hall moved to St. Johnsbury, thence to Twaddell, William Stevenson, John McLaren, Lyndon, and thence to Burke, where he died, Ezekiel Manchester, Eobert Somers, John Waddell, having been an early settler in four Robert McFarlane, John Ross, Andrew Lackie, towns in this county. Archibald Harvey, Peter Lang, Cloud Stuart, Wal- ter Stuart, Daniel Hall, Thomas Smith, George Gar- The town from the very first took an active land. Jan. 29, 1784. The following gentlemen took part in the declaration of the independence of the freeman's oath in as far as it agrees with the the State of Vermont, and the formation of its word of God: John Waddell, Hugh Ross, John constitution McFarlane, John McLaren, Ezekiel Manchester, and government. Alexander Har- Robert Somers, Andrew Lackie, Archibald Harvey, vey represented the town in the three conventions Cloud Stuart, Walter Stuart, George Garland. in 1777, which declared the State independent, Barnet, March 11, 1785. The following persons took and formed a constitution, and organized the freeman's a oath : John Robertson, Wm. Robert- government. son, Moses Hall, Levi Hall, Robert Blair, James Buchanan, William Maxwell, Isaac Brown, Elijah Hall, Jr., Simon Perie. April 6, 1785. John Young- REPRESENTATIVES man, WUliam Warden, Hugh Gammell. August 27, OP THE TOWN IN THE 1785. Joseph Bonet. Sept. 5. John Mclndoe, John LEGISLATURE OF VERMONT. Hindman. 1787. John Gilkenson. May 1. John Alexander Harvey 1778 to 1788. Goddard. Sept 4. 1788. Enos Stevens. March 11. James Cross 1789 to 1794. John Rankins, William Gilflllan, Sen., John McNabb, Enos Stevens - James McLaren, Andrew Lang. Feb. 2, 1789. Alex- 1795 to 1796. bander Mcllroy (Roy), Samuel Huston. March 10. Walter Brock - 1797 to 1800. Thomas Hazeltine, Phineas Aimes, Phineas Thurs- James McLaren 1801 to 1803. ton, Oliver Stevens, Ephraim Pierce, Moses Cross, John Barchop - 1804. Job Abbott, Levi Sylvester. 1790, Feb. 4. Aaron David Goodwillie Wesson, Dr. Stevens, John Mitchell, John Stevens, 1805. Timothy Hazeltine, Cloud Somers, John Galbraith. William Sti-obridge - 1806. Sept. 24. Joseph Hazeltine. Dec. 7. Thomas Gil- Enos Stevens 1807. flllan, William Innes, John Waddell, Jr., and Wm. John Duncan - 1808 Lang." to 1811. Adam Duncan - 1812 - 1813. March 4, 1770, the first settlement in the town Alexander Gilchrist - 1814 to 1816. and county was made. The first settlers were Henry Oakes 1817 - 1818. Daniel, Jacob, and Elijah Hall, three brothers, William Gilkerson 1819 to 1823. and - Jonathan Fowler. The first house in the Walter Harvey 1824 - 1825. town and county was built by the Halls at the Henry Stevens - 1826 - 1827. foot of the Falls on Stevens Kiver, and on its Hugh Somers - 1828. north - side. The three brothers, and probably Walter Harvey 1829. Jonathan Fowler, received gratuitously from the William Gilkerson 1830 to 1831. proprietors 100 acres each to encourage them Cloud Harvey - 1832 to 1833. to settle the town. Daniel Hall's lot was the William Shearer 1834. farm where Cloud and Robert Somers first set- Hugh Somers - 1835. tled. Jacob Hall's lot included the meadows William Shearer 1836. north of Stevens River, and Elijah Hall's lot Walter Haiwey - 1837 to 1839. was north of Rider's Farm. Jonathan Fowler James Gilchrist - 1840 -_ 1841. probably settled first on the north end of the William Lackie - 1842 - 1843. Mclndoe Plain, and then in the S. W. part of Walter Harvey - 1844. the town, near Aaron and Peter "Wesson's house, Lloyd Kimball - 1845 - 1846. in the Harvey tract. Sarah, daughter of Elijah Obed S. Hatch - 1847. Hall, was the first child bom in the town and John Harvey 1848. county. She was married Dec. 27, 1787, to Bartholomew Gilkerson - 1849- 1850. James McLaren, in - the I7th year of her age. Obed S. Hatch 1851. She was a member of the Associate Presbyterian James K. Eemick 1852. Church of Barnet, and died at an advanced age. Robert Harvey - 1853 - 1854. Barnet Fowler, son of Jonathan Fowler, was (No choice] , 1855. 276 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Alexander Johnston - - - 1856 to 1857. receives a deed, 1776, for lots in the southeast Jonathan D. Abbott - - - 1858 to 1859. corner of Harvey's tract. William Warden - - - 1860. According to the proprietors' records,at a meet- at Walter Brock's, in First justices of tho peace appointed by tlie ing of the proprietors, held which seems to be the State were Walter Brock and James Gilchrist. Barnet, August 23, 1785, years, an inquiry Walter Hai-\-ey was a justice 36, Silas Harvey first meeting held for some for the charter was made, when it was found that it 33, AVilliam Shearer 29, Hugh Somers 23^ and " carried of the United States." James Gilchrist, Jr. 17 years. had been out The document before the writer is a copy of the char- Enos and Willard Stevens, of Charlestown, N. ter, taken June 24, 1788, from the third volume H., " chief proprietors of the township of Bar- of the book of charters in the State office of New net, make a contract, July 11, 1770, with Col. Hampshire, and attested by Joseph Pearson, John I-Iiird of Haverhill, N. H., to build at the Secretary. The document is worn into eight falls on Stevens's River in Barnet, a sawmill the pieces. ensuing fall, if convenient, otherwise by the first The records of the proprietors previous to of July, 1771, and a gristmill within six months August 23, 1785, are lost. Were these missing after that time, both to be kept in good repair records " carried out of the United States " along during five years, the dangers of war and the with the charter ? enemy excepted." The saw and gristmill irons According to a contract found among Enos were to be furnished on the spot by E. & W. Stevens's papers, dated April, 1770, Joseph Stevens, and Col. Hurd was to have for his en- Hutchins of Haverhill, N. H., engages to im- couragement one hundred acres of land for a prove some part of the lands in Barnet within mill lot, bounded one hundred rods on Connec- the term of four or six months, and to pitch and ticut River, running back half a mile, and in- work "either one of the fifty acre lots of upland or cluding the falls on Stevens's River. According one of the meadow lots surveyed and laid out in to contract, the irons were furnished and Col. said township." Enos Stevens engages to deed Hurd built the first mills in the town and coun- to him " within three months three fifty acre lots ty, and received for his reward a title to the mill- of upland, and three intervale lots of land as they lot, on which he built a house and barn, and are now surveyed and laid out in said township." cleared twenty acres of land, and otherwise en- No plan of this survey has been found and no couraged the settlement of the town. But by reference to it is made in the record. This sur- consent of E. and W. Stevens, Elijah Hall had vey may have been entered on the plan of 1774, previously pitched on a part of said lot when he but that part of the chart is worn off and lost. Wc first settled the town, March 4, 1770, and had next read of the survey of the east part of the cleared a part of it and built a house on it. Eor town. his improvements Col. Hurd gave Elijah Hall From the existing proprietors' records, with $50, and E. and W. Stevens gave him one hun- a few accompanying papers, we learn when the dred acres in a different part of the town for his town was surveyed into lots, and how they were quitclaim. August 14, 1774, Col. Hurd sold divided to the proprietors or grantees, and the the land and mills to Willard Stevens. cost of procuring the charter and the surveys and Joseph Hutchins, of Haverhill, N. H., engaged division of the town. In 1773, the east part of by contract to come to Barnet and pitch a lot the town was surveyed by Caleb Willard, and in and begin to improve it, in the summer of 1770, 1774, the survey into large lots was completed. but he did not receive a deed till 1780. Col. Among the papers of Enos Stevens was found a Hurd, who built the mills at the falls on Stev- part of a chart of the town on a smnll scale. ens's River, 1771, seems to have continued his The other part, nearly one half, being worn off residence in town some years. and lost. It is marked " a plan of Barnet, 1 774," Thomas Smith receives a deed from Enos and most probably in the handwriting of Solomon Willard Stevens in 1775, and Stevens Rider was Stevens, surveyor. Samuel Stevens presented in town May 5, 1776, when Willard Stevens, an account, dated Charlestown, August 18, 1785, one of the principal proprietors of the town, to the proprietors at their meeting, August 23, writes to him "several disappointments have 1785, of which we give a summary. prevented my not being in Barnet the winter "July, 1762, to expense of procuring a char- past. This spring I intended to have moved up ter, £219." This was probably dated before the with my family. For several reasons I cannot charter,to include the survey of the town limits, move up till June. I send up my brother Solo- as ordered by Gov. Wentworth, and described mon in ord^r to assist Thomas Smith in getting and delineated in the charter. Elijah King and in some spring grain. I intend to be up about others surveyed the charter limits of the towns the middle of May." He came and settled in immediately above Wells River in 1762 or 1763. " of the . town, but when the revolutionary war commen- October, 1773, to survey of the east part ced he left it, and Elijah King, who married his town by Caleb Willard, £50." "June, 1774, sister Mary, came. They resided in town till to surveying the town into lots of one hundred death. Archibald McLaughlin, a Scotchman, acres each, £139." BARNET. 277 These sums, together with the interest to Au- seems to have been nearly completed in 1785, gust 13, 1785, amount to £886, for the costs of when the proprietors' records terminate, but it chartering and surveying the town. He charges would appear probable that the after division "October, 1770, for one hundred acres given to lots were not all pitched so late as 1802. Col. Kurd as an encouragement to build mills The names of the proprietors are entered on £50." " To mill-irons delivered there, £30." all Whitelaw's maps in the lots which they " To ten lots of land given to divers persons, as pitched. Since the survey the magnetic varia- an encouragement to settle in said town, at £10 tion of the compass needle has increased nearly each, £100." These sums, with interest to the two degrees westward. date of the account, amounted to £355. The Most of the town was surveyed into lots of sum total was £1,241. The proprietors voted to 100 acres each. The side lines of the lots are rectify and allow Samuel Stevens's account, and 160 rods, and run parallel with the N. E. side also voted to raise a tax of £17 on each original of the town, which runs N. 28 deg. W., and right, which was to be paid in silver or gold, the end lines of the lots are 100 rods, nearly at the rate in silver of 6s. 8d. per oz., which tax J of a mile, and run parallel with the N. W. was for paying the proprietors' debts. Samuel line of the town, which runs N. 48 deg. E. Stevens was appointed to collect this tax, in The lots are therefore not quite rectangular. doing which he sold at vendue in Springfield, The lots along Peacham and Danville were February 27, 1786, forty-six original rights, in- made to consist of 287 acres. The small and- cluding Benning Wentworth's two shares, to irregularly formed lots were on the Ryegate Enos Stevens. The proprietors also at their line, and along Connecticut River, at the S. meeting, August 23, 1785, " voted to accept and E. and N. E. corners of the town. establish the survey formerly made by Solomon There were 366 acres to each proprietor's Stevens, according to the plan by him made, and right, for which he had three 100-acre lots, and that said plan be lodged in the proprietors' such a small lot, "after division lot," as equalized clerk's office for reference. Among the propri- the rights or shares in quantity and quality. The etors' papers is a chart of the town on a scale propi'ietors voted lots for public uses, according of 60 chains to an inch, on the face of' which is to the charter ; but no part near the centre of inscribed " A contracted copy of the plan of Bar- the town was surveyed into acre-lots, that each net, taken from a plan called a true copy of the proprietor might have one, as required by the plan of the division of Barnet, accepted by the charter. The full division of the large lots of proprietors in their meeting, August, 1785, and the town to the proprietors, was finally settled attested by James Whitelaw, surveyor." and completed about 1787. The proprietors In the proprietors' records this plan, of which voted, Nov. 28, 1787, that "Enos Stevens, for this is a contracted copy, is called " Whitel-aw's and in consideration of his rebuilding the mills plan," and agrees with the survey of the lots on Stevens River in Barnet, have the exclusive according to the plan of 1774, which, however, privilege of pitching the after division of the did not contain a survey of the small, irregular lands belonging to ten rights or shares." " Dec. lots on the Connecticut River, and on the south 12, 1787, voted that lot No. 160 be for the line of the town called the " after division lots," clerk (Walter Brock), and he to pay Mr. as they were divided after the partition of the Whitelaw, and find a book, and transfer the large lots to equalize the shares of the proprie- whole." This division of the town to the pro- tors in quantity and quality. prietors was called "the original survey" or It appears from Gen. "Whitelaw's field-book "Grand Division of Barnet." that he surveyed the town lines of Barnet, in 1784, Nov. 8, 1774, John Clark and Alexander and found at the northeast corner of the town a Harvey bought of Samuel Stevens, one of the pine-tree standing on the bank of the Connecti- chief owners of Barnet, 7000 acres of land in the cut River, marked " 1770," which was probably S. W. part of the town, which was to be laid off done by the New York surveyors when they sur- in one body on the Peacham line, and received veyed " Duumore." From these facts it appears a bond for a deed, when the sum of £408 6s. 8d. that General Whitelaw surveyed the whole town was paid, and guaranteeing peaceable possession, and made a complete chart of it and presented in the mean time. The price per acre was 14d., it to the proprietors at their meeting August 23, or about '25. This tract occupies the S. W. 1785, which was accepted by them, and hy which part of the town, of which it is more than one the whole town was divided among them. fourth part, thus described: Beginning at the The writer has seen four charts of Barnet, S. W. corner of the town, its boundary line ran on a scale of 30 chains to the inch, all of which along the Peacham line 5 miles to a large were made by him. They are all soiled, worn beach-tree marked A . H, J.W, A . T, 1776; or torn. One of these, found among the papers thence, turning a right angle, it runs S. 42 deg. of Enos Stevens, attested by Gen. Whitelaw, and past the Presbyterian meeting-house, near the dated 1785, is most probably the one accepted centre of the town, 2 miles, 188 rods, and 95 by the proprietors, and by which the town was links, to a small hemlock marked A . H, I . W, ultimately divided among them, which division 1776, on the top of the hill north of John Gil- 278 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. fillan's house ; thence, turning a right angle, it and the rest in wheat, at 5s. per bushel. July ran S. 48 (leg., W. in a direction parallel with 5, 1795. The galleries were finished, and the the Peacham line, about 3 miles, 112 rods, and pews were sold, in a similar manner, for about 32 links, to a great hemlock marked A . H, I .W, £110, which was to be paid for the expense 1776; thence, turning an obtuse angle, it ran of finishing the house. Jan. 14, 1799. The along the Rvegate town line, N. 68 deg. W. town votes that a sum not exceeding Si 20 of about 3 miles, to the place of beginning ; the the money due for the sale of seats be applied whole containing 7,000 acres, which was deeded to purchase stoves for the liouse. They were by Willard Stevens to Alexander Harvey, not, however, procured till about 1810; still, March 10, 1781. Gen, Whitelaw surveyed tlie the meeting on Sabbath was well attended in Harvey Tract in 1776. It is divided into 5 the winter, all being warmly clothed, and the ranges running parallel with the Peacham line. women having foot-stoves, as they were called. The lots contain 50 acres each, and are rectan- In 1829, the year before the demise of Rev. gular, long, and narrow, and are numbered David Goodwillie, the first meeting-house was separately in each range, beginning at the removed, and, on the same site, a large brick Ryegate line. Their whole number is 135. church edifice, with a steeple, was built at a The present town clerk, by a late vote of the cost of nearly $5,000. This edifice was acci- town, made a double index of all the land records dentally burnt in February, 1849, and the con- from 1783 to the present time. The index-book gregation erected and finished the present ele- is a royal folio of 500 pages, made for such a gant and commodious house of public worship, purpose. The index occupies more than 300 all ready for use, in 5 months after the former pages, with blank leaves under each letter for one was burnt, and the cost of erection was future use. It consists of a descending index, promptly paid. by which land titles can be traced down to the The Revolutionary soldiers were Thomas present time, and an ascending index, by which Hazeltine, a pensioner, John Bonett, a pen- the title can be traced up to the grantees in the sioner, Daniel Hall, Caleb Stiles, John Woods, charter. To facilitate the process, the years in William Strobridge, a pensioner, Amasa Grout, which the deeds were recorded are entered by and William Tice. The following Scotchmen the clerk in the double index, to make which also served in the Revolutionary War : Archi- every page of the land records, amounting to bald Harvey, a pensioner, who was at the taking several thousand, was examined, so that, if a of Quebec : Thomas Clark, who emigrated to deed is recorded, it can be easily and quickly this country in 1774. He enlisted at Hanover, found, and, if it is not in the index, it is certainly N. H., and served in Col. Cilley's regiment. known that it has not been recorded. It is He was in the battle of Saratoga, and was so believed Barnet is the first town in Vermont badly wounded that he was taken to the hos- that has made such an index, which saves much pital in Albany. When recovered, and on his time and trouble, aud gives certain and satisfac- way to rejoin the army, he was seized with tory information in searching the records. fever and ague, and hired a man for $200 to During the Revolutionary War, and for some take his place in the army, which sum he lost, years after it, the town held its meetings at as the Continental money was so depreciated John McLaren's, but more frequently at Robert in value. He settled in Barnet in 1792 or 1793, Twaddell's, whose houses were near the centre but, some years before his death, removed to of the town. June 1, 1786, the proprietors the S. E. corner of Peacham. He was an in- pitched lots 87, 38, and 39 for the first settled telligent man, and a member of the Associate minister of the gospel, according to the charter Presbyterian Church of Barnet. William of the town. In 1785 or 178G, 4 acres in the Johnston, a staff officer and a pensioner, was N. "VV. corner of lot 87 were cleared, each quarter at the battles of Gerraantown, Monmouth, and of the town clearing an acre. On this a meeting Brandywine. He saw Gen. Putnam plunge house was raised. Dec. 18, 1788, the town voted down the frightful precipice, and escape, and to raise money by subscription towards finishing witnessed Maj. Andre's execution, when, he the meeting-house. "Jan. 15,1789. Thirty-one said, the American oiEcers wept. On one persons declare their intention of having the occasion, he was engaged in taking some British meeting-house for a place of public worship." soldiers captive, one of whom was Alexander " Oct. 9. Town resolves that the house should Emsley, who settled in Barnet, and married his be finished by subscription." Dec. 30, 1791. widow. Town votes that the meeting-house was town Upon the first call for Revolutionary soldiers property, and subject to town rules. Jan. 19, in 1777, Bartholomew Somers, John McLaren, 1792. The town votes to constitute and appoint and James Orr, all of whom settled early in the meeting-house for public worship of God. town, near the centre, went to Saratoga at the Eeb. 1, 1792. The lower part of the house time of Burgoyne's surrender. They were all having been finished, the pews, 28 in number, members of the same church. Mr. McLaren's were sold at vendue, under certain regulations, potatoes were not dug till the next spring, when for about £300, one tenth part to be paid in money, they were found to be fresh and good, as the BARNET. 279 snow, which fell early, and was deep all winter, felt. His wife had a very vigorous mind, good preserved them. Thus Providence favored the judgment, and memory. She was noted for her brave and patriotic. extensive religious knowledge and piety, and In 1782, the State ordered a force of 300 men was a member of the Associate Congregation of to be raised from all the towns in the State, Barnet for about 40 years. She rode on horse- except the towns on Connecticut River, above back to Mr. GoodwiUie's church, and so regular Barnet, the number to be raised according to and constant was her attendance, that one day, the town lists. Jacob Hall was chosen cajitain when too feeble to attend, her horse, from long of the militia of Barnet, 1779. use, jumped out of the pasture one Sabbath John Galbraith, a Scotchman, came to Barnet morning, went with the neighbors to meeting, and bought 300 acres on the Passumpsic, at the stood at the horse-block, where it used to be tied mouth of Enerick Brook, from Enos Stevens, till the evening, and then went home ; all this in 1776, intending to return to Scotland and without bridle, saddle, or rider. She died in send his sons to improve the lands, but the war 1828, aged 95 years. prevented his return, and he built a house and When on her deathbed she thanked her aged lived alone. Indians often called upon him pastor for ; the precious truths of the gospel she sometimes in greater number than he thought had heard him so long preach, and kissed the safe but ; as he was kind to them they did him young pastor's hand, saying to him, " I esteem harm. no Rev. Thomas Clark, of Salem, N. Y., your office higher than that of the kings of the Rev. Robert Annan, of Boston, John Galbraith, earth." She and Mrs. Twaddel, though nearly and some others, most of whom were Scotchmen, 99 years of age, could repeat correctly the West- obtained a grant from New York, which lay on minster shorter catechism, besides many psalms the Passumpsic, including Burke and parts ad- and other parts of the Bible. jacent, being about 9 miles long and 6 broad, John McCulloch, a very intelligent, judicious, and which they called Bamf. John Galbraith re- and religious man, and long an elder of the As- ceived 81 as $99 his-share of the $30,000 paid by sociate congregation, had a son, who died lately, this State to New York to quitclaim Vermont. about 53 years of age, who had a very remark- He went to Canada to return to Scotland, and able memory. He was well acquainted with the was seized as a spy and shipped, with Jonathan Bible, and could repeat more chapters after twice EUdns of Peacham and others, to England, where or thrice reading them than the teacher in the he was acquitted and set free, having got a free Sabbath school had time to hear. Often his passage. He went home to Scotland,and, after the memory has been tried by opening the Bible at Revolution, his sons came and occupied his lands. many different parts ; and reading a passage, he Archibald McLaughlan, another Scotchman, would promptly tell the book, the chapter, and bought land in the southeast comer of the Har- almost always the very verse read. He was not vey Tract, in 1776, from Col. Harvey. Two so exact, however, as to the verse as the cele- Scotchmen, William Stevenson and James Cross, brated blind Alick of Stirling, Scotland, whom settled in town in 1776, and took lots in Har- the writer has seen and tried his memoiy. How- vey's tract, on Stevens's River. They lived alone ever, his memory was most remarkable for the in a house for a number of years. Coming home date of events. He could tell promptly the year, at one time in the dusk of the evening from the the day of the month, the day of the week, and mill at Newbury, with grists on their backs, when what kind of a day it was on which the event hap- about a mile from their house, they found a bear pened. He could tell who he had heard preach, sitting in the path. Mr. Stevenson, who was from the text, the psalm, and the tune to which considerably ahead, while his hound engaged the the psalm was sung. The writer has tested his bear, got an opportunity to strike it across the memory in different ways, not only by the Bible, eyes with a cudgel of a staff that he carried, but by records, through a course of nearly 50 which broke its nose and stunned it in some years, and found it correct. Eebruary can have measure still ; Bruin gave fight to him and his five Sabbaths only when it begins and ends on dog but ; Stevenson, watching a good opportu- that day, which can occur only once in 28 years. nity, struck it across the small of the back and The writer once suddenly asked when had continued the blows till he beat the bear to death. February five Sabbaths in it? "In 1824," he He was a strong and courageous man, and told promptly replied. When will it have five again the writer that he did not know the nature of the was the next question, as promptly answered, beast he killed, and never thought he was in any " In 1852." Indeed, he was a living almanac, danger till he examined the bear's great paws and so used by the family and others. His fath- after death. He carried it home, while Mr. er one day was speaking of an event the date of Cross, who came up during the fight and broke which he' did not recollect. His son was fixing a fine staff over the beast, carried the two grists. the fii-e and not appearing to be taking notice of James Gilchrist, Esq., a Scotchman, about the the conversation, when his father, according to year 1777, settled on the plain atMcIndoe's Falls. Ms custom, said, "John, when was it 1 " He in- At an early period he was elected to important instantly replied, " Six years ago last Saturday." offices in town, in which Ms influence was long He was weU read in commentaries on the : 2S0 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Bible and other religious books, and, moreover, settled the town and county, written May 1, had some talent for poetiy. He composed an 1787; the signature of Bamet Fowler, his son, elegy in wliich he eulogized his aged minister, the first-born male in the town and county, writ- whose death he lamented, and also wi-ote a hu- ten March 12, 1799; and a school-bill, "Jona- morous and satirical song on the vices and follies than Fowler to William Johnston, Dr., to one of an unworthy individual. The latter, with quarter's school-rate for your son Barnet, com- other liumorous songs, he used to sing, being mencing November 19, 1792, $2 00." very fond of music and somewhat of a proficient April 1, 1788, the town is divided into four therein. districts, according to the following description In 1788, the town voted to fine absentees from " 1st, north of Thomas Smith's Falls into Pas- town meetings SI 00. sumpsic ; 2d, south of Thomas Smith's Falls to Until some years after the Revolutionary "War Stevens's River ; 3d, south of Stevens's River to the only way of access to the town was by the Peacham line ; 4th, Great River." Now there Hazcn road, running through the west part of it. are 18 school districts and 20 schools in town, At an early period a road was made, beginning besides a flourishing academy at Mclndoe's Falls. at the Hazen road, on the north side of Harvey's The spotted fever prevailed in town in 1811, Mountain, and proceeding by the north end of and was very fatal. It returned in 1818. The Harvey's Lake and the centre of the town, and typhus fever prevailed in 1815, '16, and '17, and terminated at the mouth of Joes Eivei-, and was proved fatal in many cases. afterwards extended up the Passumpsic River to There are 4 villages, 4 post-oflSces, and 7 St. Johnsbury. No road from Wells River was churches in town. made up the Connecticut River till some years Barnet Village, situated at the Falls on after the Revolutionary War. Stevens's River, contains a large number of The Passumpsic Turnpike Company was in- houses and inhabitants. Here are the Barnet corporated in 1805. The first mile from Joes post-office, an inn, a gristmill, a sawmill, two Brook down the Passumpsic was made in 1807, woollen factories, and two stores, the town house, and the next season it was made to Ryegate line, and a Union church, a fine building with steeple when the Legislature granted the privilege of and bell. taking half toll. Afterwards the road was ex- McIndoe's Falls is situated in theS. E. corner tended to Wells River. It is said to have cost of the town, at Mclndoe's Falls, on Connecticut $26,000. Alterations in Barnet and Ryegate, River, so called because John Mclndoe early set- extending in the whole to about seven miles, tled and owned land at the Falls, on which are were subsequently made, costing more than great lumber mills. The village is beautifully $7,000, of which nearly $4,000 were paid by situated on an extensive plain, and contains a Barnet, Ryegate, and Newbury. A committee large number of houses and inhabitants. Here appointed by the County Com-t prized the turn- are the Mclndoe's Falls post-office, an inn, two pike at $4,000, which was paid by the towns and stores, a carriage factory, the Methodist chapel, it became a free road. the Congregational church, a fine building, with Dr. Phineas Stevens, brother of Enos Stevens, steeple and bell, and the Mclndoe's Falls Acade- was the first physician in town. William Shaw my, a large, elegant, and commodious edifice, was the first merchant, having a store at Stevens's finely situated. Falls. Thomas Dennison was probably the first Passumpsic Village, situated at the north lawyer who lived in town. part of the town, on the Passumpsic Rivei", at Mr. Wilson, a Revolutionary soldier, who had Kendall's Falls, at which are mills and factories. lost an arm in battle, was the first school-teacher, It contains the Passumpsic post-office, the Bap- and taught between Stevens's and Mclndoe's tist chapel, two stores, an inn, and a considerable Palis. The log schoolhouse stood near where number of houses. William Harvey now lives. William Shearer, West Baenet, situated on Stevens's River, senior, taught school at an early period near near the north end of Harvey's Lake, contains Ross's Pond. William Johnston, who served in the West Barnet post-office, a neat Union church, the American army, came to town about 1790, a store, grist and sawmill. and for a few years taught a school on the rising There is a Union meeting-house in the south- ground around which the public road runs, near western part of the town. the northwest corner of Harvey's Lake. In POPULATION AND WEALTH OF BAENET. 1801 he moved near to the centre of the town and taught school near the Presbyterian church. The Scotchmen were generally very robust men He was a good teacher, and his handwriting and retained their strength to an advanced age. was very plain, neat, and regular. He kept Many of them lived till 90 and some to 95 years school more than 20 years in town, and many of age. Robt. Twaddell's wife was nearly 99, and of the youth of Barnet, great and small, were Ciaud Stuart 100 years and 4 months when they taught by him. The writer possesses docu- died. In Fcbniaiy, 1774, Gen. Whitelaw writes ments containing the signature of Jonathan that there were 15 families in Barnet, and in Au- Fowler, who was one of the four men who first gust of the same year, when Col. Harvey viewed BAENET. 281 the town to buy land for the Scotch company, he of the enemy was considerable. His father and writes in his journal, August 27, that there were some members of the family procured signers to six or seven settlers on the river and a few in the the petition to Gov. "Wentworth, who granted the other parts of the town. charter of the town. They in most instances In all Whitelaw's charts, the names of the procured deeds of acquittance from the petition- grantees are inserted in the lots they drew, but ers, as proprietors, giving from a few shillings to few of the original proprietors ever settled the a few pounds for a share of 360 acres, so that he lands granted to them by the charter. Eev. and his thr-ee elder brothers, Samuel, Willaed, Thomas Beveridge, who visited the town in the and Simon, became chief proprietors of the town. summer of 1789, writes that there were then 40 His younger brother, Solomon, was a land sur- Scotch families in town. veyor, and surveyed Barnet in 1774. In the collection of papers belonging to He took the side of the British in the war of Eev. David Goodwillie, was found an accurately the Eevolution. His father and brothers had been drawn map of the town, made by him about the honored by commissions from the governors of time he came to settle, in September, 1790. In the British provinces of New Hampshire and this chart all the names of the actual settlers, New York, and like many others, no doubt, he about 90 in number, are inserted in the lots on thought that the poAverful crown of Great Britain which they settled. From this map it appears would soon crush the infant American Eepublic. " that at that time the most of the inhabitants of the In his journal he writes : Charlestown, N. H., town were settled on the lots near the central parts May 2, 1777. Set out for New York; left my of the town, and between these and the Peacham all for the sake of my king and my country." line, with a considerable number in the southwest In New York, he joined a volunteer company part of the town. The meadow lands along the appointed by the British Commander to guard Connecticut River, from Eyegate to the Pas- on the coast, but it does not appear that he was Bumpsic Eiver, were settled, and there were a ever engaged in battle. He, with six others, few settlers between that river and Waterford. Sept. 30, 1782, received a commission from "his In the north and southeast parts of the town excellency, the commander-in-chief," to go to there were no inhabitants. Nova Scotia " to take charge of the provisions, In 1786, the first grand list recorded gives, arms, and ammunition sent by the commander- polls, 57, $5,816; 1790, the grand list gives, in-chief for the use of refugees going with them polls, 93, $13,142; 1860, the grand list gives, to settle in that country, and divide the same polls, 362, $70,213. among them." He bought land and settled in Population in 1791 was 477 ; in 1800, 860 ; in Digby, Nova Scotia, where he resided till 1785. 1810, 1,301 ; in 1820, 1,488 ; in 1830, 1,707 ; in After the war of independence, he applied to the " 1840, 2,030; in 1850, 2,522 ; in 1860, 2,002. British government for indemnity for loyalty losses, and services," but it is not probable that ENOS STEVENS, ESQ., AND EAMILT. he was indemnified for his losses, as his lands in Enos Stevens, Esq., was bom October 2, Barnet were not confiscated. In his journal he 1739. There is a tradition in his father's family writes: "Feb. 25, 1785. Came to Charlestown; that the town was called Bamet from the cir- found all my friends well ; seven years and ten cumstance that his great-grandfather, who emi- months since I left this town." He came to grated to Massachusetts in 1685, came from Bar- Barnet, and was present at a meeting of the net in England, which is a market town 11 miles proprietors, August 23, 1785, and drew his shai-es north- northwest from London, and is situated in in the town when the first division took place. a parish of the same name. " It stands on a After this, he sold his possessions in Nova height, and has a church, built in 1400, a gram- Scotia, and came to Barnet to reside. He pur- mar school founded by Queen Elizabeth in 1573, chased the lands owned by his brothers, and and some well-endowed almshouses. An obelisk obtained vendue-titles to others ; so that he near the town commemorates a battle fought owned the greater part of the town. He encour- there between the York and Lancaster armies in aged the early settlement of the town by giving 1471, when the latter was totally defeated, and lots to the first settlers. He engaged Col. Hurd their leader, the great Earl of "Warwick was to build grist and sawmills on the Falls, at the killed. Its population in 1851 was 2,380." His mouth of Stevens Eiver, and aftei-wards pur- uncle, Samuel Stevens, was employed by a chased them, and they were called Stevens Mills. land company to explore the country, from White It is said that it was one of his brothers who River to the heads of the Onion and Lamoille built the gristmill at the outlet of Harvey's ri^rers, to find out the best lands for settlement. Lake, which was long owned by Eobert Brock, This he did in 1 760. His father, Capt. Phineas and near which Walter Brock afterwards built a Stevens, in 1747, with 30 men, bravely defend- sawmill, and these were called " Brock's Mills," ed the fort at CharlestOAvn, N. H., against 400 which were the first built in town after Stevens French and Indians, whose assault was carried Mills. To Barnet Fowler, son of Jonathan on in different ways for three days. He repelled Fowler, the first male child born in Barnet, he tbem without the loss of a man, while the loss gave a lot of land in the N. E. part of the town. 282 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZIXE. the of Barnet is written near " descended and name Fowler from creditable and honest parents ; Harvey Fowler in Whitelaw's chart of the to\vn. that ho had an education suitable to his station, Sept. 4, 1787, he was admitted to take the free- and that ho was, in his conduct and behavior, ia man's oath. For many years he was a magis- every respect virtuous, obliging, and modest." trate, and represented the town in the Legislature Mr. Harvey and John Clark were the agents of in 1795, 1796, and 1807. In 1798, he was ap- a company of farmers in the shires of Perth and pointed by the government one of the commis- Stii'ling, appointed to search out and purchase a sioners to take the census in this part of Ver- large tract of land in America for the company mont. His brother, Willard Stevens, moved to to settle. Ho left his father's house May 9, 1774, Bamet in 1776, but soon returned to Charles- and they sailed for America, and landed in New town, and, immediately after, Elijah King, who York, July 22, in company with Jolm Galbraith, married Mary Stevens, the sister of Enos Thomas Clark, and othei-s, who came to Bamet. Stevens, moved to Bamet, where they lived The agents proceeded by Albany to examine till their death. lands near Schenectady, but the quantity for sale He was manied March 4, 1791, to Sophia was not sufficient. They proceeded by Balls- Grout, of Charlestown. They had 10 children, town, Saratoga, and Salem, to Cambridge, N. most of whom died before adult age ; only three Y., but, not obtaining their object, crossed the now survive. Henry Stevens, Esq., the eldest, Green Mountains, and came by Charlestown, was bom Dec. 13, 1791. He has transacted Hanover, and Newbury, to Ryegate, one half of much business in town, and has been elected to wliich Gen. Whitelaw had purchased from Dr. ditfereut town offices, and represented Bamet in Witherspoon, and examined the other half of the the Legislatm-e in 1826 and 1827. For many town, as they were instructed by the directors. years he has been collecting files of newspapers, They then came to Bamet, where they arrived pamphlets, and written documents, to illustrate August 27, in company with Solomon Stevens, the liistory of the Town and State, many of which the brother of Samuel Stevens, both of whom he sold to the State for $4,000. He was for were proprietors of the town. The next day, many years President of the Histokical So- they went and examined 7,000 acres of land in ciety OF Vermont. His present collection the S. W. part of the town, attended by Mr. consists of 3,485 bound volumes, about 6,500 Stevens and a guide. In Col. Harvey's jour- pamphlets, about 400 volumes of newspapers, nal (now before the wiiter), he says " there are and probably 20,000 letters, bearing date from six or seven settlers in the township on the river, 1726 to 1854. He has the old field-books of all and a few in the back parts of the town." They town lines surveyed by James Whitelaw, Esq., offered Mr. Stevens one shilling sterling per surveyor-general, and his deputies. His son acre, but he asked 18 pence, and gave them a Enos graduated at Middlebury College. His letter to his brother in Ncav York, " with whom son Henry, after being engaged by the govern- they might treat at large." Returning by ment in different offices in Washington, graduated Albany to New York, they went by Philadelphia, at Yale College, and went to London, and was and examined lands on the Susquehanna and employed in purchasing rare and valuable books Schuylkill rivers, and then returned to New for several Ajnerican gentlemen, and in 1846 he York, where they arrived in October, 1774. was employed by the Trustees of the British They offered Samuel Stevens one shilling an Museum to make up a catalogue of American acre, but he demanded 16 pence. But, Nov. 8, " works not fol^nd in the library of that institution,' they agree with Mr. Stevens to pay 14 pence and was then appointed to furnish these works, sterling for each acre of 7,000 acres of land in and a complete set of the public documents of Bamet, lying on the Peacham line, to extend 5 each one of the United States, and a complete miles on said line, and to pay one half of the set of all documents published by Congress, and money in November, 1775, and the other to be all such books as contain the general literatui-e paid them, or to bear interest for such time as it of each State. remained unpaid." His journal, under date of He became, about 1848, agent for the Smith- Nov. 23, 1784, says : "Accordingly, received a sonian Institution, and is still extensively en- bond of Samuel Stevens of £1,600, 6s. 6d. ster- gaged in the exchange of books between the ling, that wo were to receive a complete deed for institutions of England and America. 7,000 acres of land in Barnet, vritt a covenant His son George graduated at West Point, 1843, of warrantee deed to pay and receive at Nov. and was appointed second lieutenant in 1844, 1775 ; at the same time, we granted a bond to and joined the army at Fort Joseph, commanded said Mr. Stevens, of equal sum, to fulfil the by Gen. Taylor, but was not long afterwards ac- promises on our part. The bond was scaled on cidentally drowned. both parts, and signed and delivered before two witnesses." Having made out an account of FAMILY. COL. ALEXANDER HAEVEY AND their proceedings to send to the company, John CoL. Alexander Harvet was born in May, Clark sailed for Scotland, Dec. 11, 1774, and 1747, in the parish of Gargunoch, Stu-Hngshire, took the record with him. Scotland. His credentials represent him as The whole sum they agreed to pay was £408, ; BAENET. 283 6s 8d., which was ultimately paid, and the re- a house of hewn logs on the Hazen Road, in ceipt for payment is recorded in the town books, which his son Claud lived before he built a new and Col. Hai-vey received deeds from Samuel, house. In 1796, however, he sold his farm on Willard, and Bnos Stevens for the 7,000 acres the north side of Harvey's Mountain, and moved purchased. down the Hazen Road, and lived on the south Having bought some tools and furniture, and side of the mountain, where "William McPhee hired some persons to work for the company, he, now lives, and where he died, Dec 14, 1809, in company with Claud Stuart, Robert Brock, aged 62 years. He was a man of good abil- John Scot, John McLaren, and Robert Bentley, ities, widely known, and highly honored ; a sailed from New York, March 23, 1775, and member of the State Conventions of 1777, and came by New Haven to Hartford, Ct. Having of all the sessions of the Legislature, from the bought provisions at these places, Mr. Harvey first session in 1778 till 1788, and a member of left Mr. Stuart with Mr. Bentley to assist him in the Council of Censors, 1791. He was Associate bringing the "lumber up the river in boats, and Judge of Orleans County from 1781 to 1794, and he, with the rest of the company, came a foot by long and early honored with office by the toAvn of Charlestown, Newbury, and Ryegate to Barnet, Barnet. The Legislature appointed him one of where they arrived March 21, 1775. His journal the trustees of the County Academy, and he was says they " came along Peacham line two and a president of the board of trustees tiU his death. half miles, struck across the breadth, came to the The Government also appointed him to build a pond, camped all night near the pond, and fort on the Onion or Lamoille River, which he cleared some part of the ground." The next declined. He and Gen. Whitelaw were attor- day they returned to Ryegate, "the snow being neys appointed by Dr. Witherspoon, for the sale too thick to work, and then to Newbury, where of lands which he owned in Kyegate, Newbury, they bought wheat, beef, and pork, and hired a and Walden. spirit, horse to carry their provisions to Barnet ; He possessed a public was generous and returned thi-ough Ryegate, where they tarried facetious, and exerted himself for the good of some days, and bought sugar and other articles, the Town, County, and State, having taken an and, in company with John McLaren and Robert active part in declaring the State independent, Brock, returned to their camp in Barnet, May 3 and forming its constitution and government. and on the 4th, built another camp ; on the 5th, He was chosen colonel of the regiment formed viewed a proper place for improvements, and on in this part of the country. " the 6th, cut down and burnt up wood ; on the AlS a proof of his good vrill and favor to 7th, Claud Stuart, John Scot, and Robert Bent- Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie," he gave them a ley, arrived, after a long and bad passage up the donation of some acres of land adjoining their Connecticut River to Newbury. own. They cleared some land, sowed some grain, Jonathan Fowler, one of the first four men and planted some potatoes and beans. They who settled in the town, named one of his sons prepared logs and raised a house, June 11th, for him, and the colonel gave him a lot of land with " the assistance of Mr. Whitelaw and four situated in the northeast part of the town, and men from Ryegate." In July, he went to New Harvey Fowler is entered in aU Whitelaw's York "to draw money to carry on the work, charts of Barnet. and to receive letters from the company," and On one occasion during the RevolutionaryWar, on the way back he bought a cow of Col. Bel- when soldiers were di-afted in Barnet, the lot fell lows. In October he sowed some wheat, and on George Gibson, a man of small stature, who Peter Sylvester and Mr. Kimball harrowed it in said he would join the army, adding, " Who with their oxen. On the 28th of October he knows but I may be the means of establish- " " raised another house for two dwellers," which ing the independence of the United States 1 was completed in November, and which was Col. Harvey observed that he never knew a inhabited by Robert McFarlane. "About the means so small to produce an effect so great. A 13th of the month, snow came on so as to con- member of the Legislature, who was a great hero tinue." "November 14, cut a road to Stevens and patriot, boasting of his mother and six MjIIs." During the year 1775, he received brothers, triumphantly asked the company if authority from the Directors of the Company in ever they heard of such a mother having seven Scotland to increase his purchase of land to such sons. Col. Harvey replied he had read of 12,000 acres. He purchased a number of lots in a woman who had seven just such sons, and other parts of Barnet, but the Revolutionary war what was very remarkable, they were all born at " 1 commencing the next year, impeded the opera- one birth ! Who was she " asked the hero. tions of the Company, and the emigration of its " Mary Magdalene," replied the colonel, "who, " members from Scotland. was delivered of seven devils all at once ! The site where he first camped, and built his He was married, by the Rev. Peter Powei'S, first house is on the farm of Jeremiah Abbott, October 5, 1781, to Jennet Brock, a daughter of and situated a few rods above the stone house Walter Brock, Esq., of Barnet, and who was built by William Bachop. Afterwards, he built born in Scotland, October 10, 1767. They had 284 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. 16 children, three of whom died when young. summer of that year. He revisited these towns Eight sons and five daughters were married, two or three times during the Revolutionaiy War. most of wliora lived in Baraet, of whom two sons Dr. Witherspoon, president of Princeton Col- and two daughters are now deceased. His son, lege, N. J., a signer of the Declaration of Inde- Hon. Walter Harvey, was 36 years a justice of pendence, and a member of Congress, who the peace, a member of the executive coimcil in owned lands in Ryegate, Newbury, and Walden, 1835, and a representative of the town in 1824, and whose son was settled in the north part of 1825, 1829, 1837, 1838, 1839, and 1844, and was Ryegate, \-isited this part of the country three associate judge of the county in 1850. times, first, probably in 1775. In 1782, he His son, Hon. Robert Harvey, was member of preached in Ryegate and Barnet, and baptized the State Senate in 1838 and 1839, associate Col. Harvey's oldest child. He returned in judge of the county in 1848 and 1849, and 1786, to this part of the county. Rev. Hugh member of the council of censors in 1834 and White, a Scotch clergyman, preached in Rye- 1835, and a representative of the town in 1853 gate at the end of 1775. Rev. Peter Powers, and 1854. His son, Claud Harvey, Esq., was English Presbji;erian clergyman, settled in New- representative of the town in 1832 and 1833. bmy from 1765 to 1784; preached occasionally His name-son, Alexander Harvey, Esq., is mar- in Ryegate, and probably in Barnet, dming that ried to a granddaughter of Gen. Stark, the hero period. of Bennington, and was high sheriff of the The proceedings of the town and church of county in 1843. His son, Peter Harvey, Esq., Barnet to obtain a settled minister, are recorded was the friend and associate of Daniel "Webster, at length in the town records, from which the and is mentioned in his life. Col. Harvey's de- history of the settlement of the fii-st minister in scendants are numerous. His widow was mar- the town and county is taken. ried, by Rev. David GoodwilUe, to Gen. White- Jan. 29, 1784. The town "voted unani- law, of Ryegate, August 29, 1815, and died, mously to choose the Presbyterian form of relig- Dec. 28, 1854, aged 89 years. ious worship, founded on the word of God as expressed in the confession of faith, catechisms, ECCLESIASTICAL HISTOEY. longer and shorter, with the form of church It is not known at what period the Presbyte- government agreed upon by the Assembly of rian churches of Bamet and Ryegate — chiefly divines at Westminster, and practised by the composed of emigrants from Scotland — were church of Scotland." August 17,1784. The formed, but they were organized previous to town " voted lot No. 87, for a meeting-house 1779, a number of years before any other church and glebe ; also, voted to apply to the Scotch was formed in the county. Before, during, and Presbytery for a minister." after the Revolutionary War, several Scotch cler- The Scotch Presbytery here mentioned was gymen came and preached to them occasionally, The Associate Reformed Prcsbyteiy of Lon- and sometimes administered baptism. donderry, N. H., formed there Feb. 13, 1783, to The company of Perth and Stirling, whose which Rev. Robert Annan, of Boston, Rev. agent was Col. Harvey, agreed to buy a large David Annan, of Peterboro', N. H., and Rev. tract of land in America, in order to settle John Huston, of Bedford, N. H., belonged. Rev. together, and have a settled minister among Robert Annan preached in these towns in 1784, them, thus taking forethought for their spiritual and returned next year. Rev. David Annan as well as temporal interests. Harvey's tract in preached in Barnet and Ryegate in 1785. The Bamet was purchased for them in the close of fii-st leaf of the chmxh records of Barnet is lost. 1774, and began to be settled by them early in The third page begins with August 27, 1786. 1775, but the Revolutionary War checked the emi- Rev. John Huston was present with the session gration. However, some Scotch families from of Barnet, at an election of elders, August 31, Ryegate moved into town towards the close of 1786, when the record says " a petition was the war, after which it was rapidly settled in dif- drawn up by the elders of Barnet and Ryegate, ferent parts by emigrants from various parts of and preferred to the Associate (Reformed) Pres- Scotland. Gen. Whitelaw, who was the agent bytery, to sit at Peterboro', Sept. 27, 1786, earn- of the Scotch Company in Ryegate, on his way estly desiring one of then* number might be sent tliither in 1773, called on Rev. Thomas Clark, a to preach, visit, and catechise the two congre- Scotch clergyman belonging to the Associate gations, and ordain elders at Barnet." Accord- Presbyterian Church, and settled in Salem, ingly the Presbytery appointed Mr. Huston for Washington County, N. Y., and Col. Harvey, that purpose. In pursuance thereof, Mr. Huston agent of the Scotch company that settled in Bar- came in October following, and visited and cate- net, on his way to town in 1774, called also chised the greater pai-t of both congregations. upon him. To this clergyman John Gray, of He remained till May, 1787, preaching in Bamet Ryegate, travelled on foot 140 miles, to obtain and Ryegate, and i-etumed November, 1788. his services. He gave them a favorable answer, Previous to 1787, the emigrants from Scotland April 8, 1775, and came and preached some time made an unsuccessful attempt to obtain Rev. in Bamet and Ryegate in the latter part of the Walter Galbraith, from Scotland, for their minis- — BAENET. 2S5 ter. In that year the town voted to apply to the year till it amount to £80 lawful, to be paid in Associate Synod, of Scotland, and sent a petition wheat at 5s. a bushel, and stock and other pro- to that Synod, desiring a minister to be sent duce to be conformed to the wheat. Voted to to them, and promising him a salary and the raise £60 lawful, for a settlement for said minis- payment of expense of his passage to this coun- ter, £20 of which to be paid a year, and the try, and settlement among them. Funds were whole to be paid in three yeare, to be paid in raised for that purpose. In 1787, before receiv- wheat, stock, and produce, the same as the yearly ing an answer to their petition, the town voted salary. Voted to raise £22, to be paid in wheat to raise funds for the support of the gospel at 5s. a bushel to pay the present supply of ser- among them, and authorized the committee, with mon. Voted that the committee formerly ap- tlie elders, to employ such preachers as they pointed by the town to procure sermons, be could procure, agreeing with them in religious requested to apply to the Presbytery of Pennsyl- sentiments. In the beginning of 1789, informa- vania for a minister. tion was received from Scotland that the Associ- The few who voted against this application ate Synod in that country had sent three preach- wished to obtain a minister from the Established ers to the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, Church of Scotland, but did not afterwards and directed them to apply to that Presbytery oppose the settlement and ministrations of Mr. for a preacher to become their minister. The Goodwillie. The elders of the church and com- town having voted to make application as mittee of town, Feb. 15, 1790, petition the Asso- dii-ected, in June, 1789, William Stevenson ciate Presbytery of Pennsylvania " to appoint went to Cambridge, N. Y., and had an interview one of their number to preside in the election with Eev. Thomas Beveridge, a minister and and call of one to be the stated minister of this member of the Presbytery of Pennsylvania, and town and congregation, and a supply of sermon having obtained the information desired, he wrote in the mean time." a letter to the Eev. David Goodwillie, a minister The town records, July 5, 1790, say " The and member of the same Presbytery, then at committee appointed by the town, Feb. 4, last, New York City, informing him that "the con- for the purpose of applying to the reverend, the gregation of Barnet would be exceedingly glad Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, for a mod- of a visit " from him, and referring him to cer- eration of a call agreeable to the vote of that day, tain information contained in an enclosed letter for procuring a settled minister, having petitioned from Mr. Beveridge, who writes that the people said Presbytery for one of their number to mod- in Barnet had made appKcation to the Synod in erate in the election of a minister, said Presby- Scotland, and that they had been directed to tery having granted the petition by appointing apply to the Presbytery of Pennsylvania for the Rev. Thomas Beveridge, of Cambridge, a hearing of Mr. Goodwillie ; that there were N. Y., for the purpose mentioned in the petition, about 40 Scotch families in Barnet, with a and Mr. Beveridge, having, agreeable to appoint- number in Eyegate ; that some of the emi- ment, come to this town, and declared his grants from Scotland in Barnet, had heard Mr. instructions to said committee, and the piiblic Goodwillie in their native country, and would be being duly notified by intimation from the pulpit, well pleased to have liim settled in Barnet, as on two Sabbaths before the day appointed for their minister; and that Mr. Stevenson had the moderation, agreeable to the rule of the made application to obtain sermon for Barnet. church in such cases, and the people being met at In consequence of this information and applica- the meeting-house this day for the aforesaid pur- tion Mr. Beveridge came and preached in Barnet pose, after sermon by the reverend, the modera- Sabbaths July 26, and August 2, and baptized tor, proceeded, by calling for a nomination, when several children ; one of these was Walter, son of the Eev. Mr. David Goodwillie being nominated Col. Harvey. The session, in conjunction with by one of the elders, and upon the question the committee of the town, then petitioned the being put, 'Do the people of this town make Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania " for sup- choice of the Eev. David GoodwilKe for their 1 ply of sermon, and particularly a hearing of the minister ' when there appeared upwards of forty ' Eev. David Goodwillie." for the affirmative ; and the question, Who are ? In consequence of this petition, Mr. Good- against the Eev. David Goodwillie ' being put willie came to Barnet in the latter part of No- three several times, and none appearing, the vember the same year, and remained preaching moderator was pleased to declare the Eev. David in Barnet, and occasionally in Eyegate, till the Goodwillie duly elected, and a call to the said latter part of February, 1790, during which Mr. Goodwillie to take the ministerial charge of time he administered baptism, observed a public this congregation presented and duly subscribed, fast, Jan. 7, 1790, and occasionally preached in in the presence of the moderator and witnesses, Eyegate. the tenor whereof, is as follows, viz : Feb. 4, 1 790. The town "voted to apply to the "We, the subscribers, elders, trustees, and other Presbytery of Pennsylvania for a minister, forty members of the Associate Congregation of Barnet, for and seven against it. Voted £10 a year as a in the State of Vermont, who have acceded to the salary for said minister, and to augment it £1 a Lord's cause as professed and maintained by the ) 286 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Associate Presbytery of I'ennsylvaiiia, taking into Barnet, July 5, 1790. The petition of the elders our serious consideration tlie great loss we sutler and trustees belonging to the town of Barnet, hum- through the want of a fixed gospel ministry among bly showeth — That whereas the congregation have us, and being fully satisfied that the great Head of given a call to Reverend Mr. Goodwillie, we entreat the Church has bestowed on you, the Reverend Mr. that the Presbytery proceed as quickly as possible to Goodwillie, a minister of the gospel, and member of forward his settlement among us, and that, until this the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania, those is done, he may be appointed to supply this place gifts and ministerial endowments which, with the with sermon, and we hereby appoint Mr. Beveridge exercise of them, will, through the blessing of the as our commissioner to give tho Presbytery what Holy Spirit, be profitable for our edification, —we further information may be judged necessary, and therefore call and beseech you to take the oversight that the Lord may direct you in this and all other prayer of this congregation, to labor in it and watch over it matters, is, and through grace shall be, the as that part of Christ's flock under your immediate of your petitioners. charge; and we promise that, according to what is James Gilchrist, John Hindman,' John Shaw, required in the Holy Scriptures, we will conscien- William Stevenson, James Cross, Robert Twaddel, tiously endeavor to give a ready obedience to the William Shearer, John Waddel, Archibald Stuart. Lord's message delivered by you, and to aid and New York, Oct. 21, 1790. Which day and place support you in his work. And we hereby desire and the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylvania met, and entreat this Eeverend Presbytery, under whose was constituted with prayer by Mr. Beveridge, the inspection we are, and to whom we present this our moderator. Present: Messrs. AVilliam Marshall, call, to sustain the same, and take the ordinary James Clarkson, John Anderson, Archibald White, steps, with all due expedition, to have the said Mr. ministers, and Andrew Wright from New York, and Goodwillie settled among us. In testimony whereof Thomas Cummings from Cambridge, ruling elders. we have subscribed this our call at our church iu The moderator, acting as commissioner for the con- Barnet, on the fifth day of July, A.d. 1790, before gregation of Barnet, in the State of Vermont, pre- these witnesses, Jonathan Elkins, Jacob Guy, and sented a call given by that congregation to the Rev. Ephraim r oster, all of Peacham. David Goodwillie, and also gave an account of his William Uilkerson, Andrew Lang, "Wm. Warden, conduct iu fulfilling the appointment laid upon him Alexander Gilchrist, James Orr, John McCallum, at last meeting to moderate in said call. The Pres- Ezekiel Manchester, John Mclndoe, Robert Mclndoe, bytery having been satisfied as to the minister's James Gilchrist, JohnWaddel, Bartholomew Somers, maintenance in that congregation, the question James Ferguson, Archibald McLaughlin, John Mc- being put, "Approve of Mr. Beveridge's conduct or Alexander STabb, James Warden, William Innis, not ? " it was carried unanimously, "Approve." Lang, John Gilkerson, David Moor, Alexander Presbytery then proceeded to the consideration of Thompson, Samuel Huston, Edward Pollard, Hugh the aforesaid call, and a member having been em- Ross, William Maxwell, William Lang, John Gilker- ployed in prayer for the Lord's blessing and direc- son, John Ross, William Shaw, Thomas Gilfillan, tion in this important matter, the question was put, John McLaren, Geo. Garland, Bartholomew Somers, " Sustain or not the call given by the congregation William Warden, Caleb Stiles, Noah Halladay, of Barnet to the Rev. Mr. Goodwillie?" The roll William Gilfillan, Jr., Wilham Hindman, John being called, it was carried unanimously, "Sustain." Galbraith, Cloud Somers, James McLaren, Andrew Wherefore the Presbytery did, and hereby do, sus- Lackie, Elijah Hall, Jr., John Robertson, John tain the call given to the Rev. Mr. Goodwillie by the Shaw, Jr., William Gilfillan, Sen., Robert Laird, congregation of Barnet. And in consequence of Robert Blair. this determination, and in answer to a petition from John Shaw, \ the said congregation, presented also by the moder- Robert Twaddel, KMders. ator, the Presbytery appoint this call to be presented Archibald Stuart, to Mr. Goodwillie, and that, upon his acceptance of James Gilchrist, the same, he be admitted to that pastoral charge, John Waddel, according to the rules of the church, on the eighth James Cross, day of February next. The Presbytery further Trustees. John Hindman, appoint Mr. Beveridge to preside in said admission, preach after it. William Shearer, and Mr. Anderson to Barnet, at the house of James Cross, Feb. 8 (1791), Wm. Stevenson, forenoon, which day and place the Presbytery being Jonathan Elkins, met, according to appointment of last meeting, and Jacob Guy, Witnesses. constituted with prayer by Mr. Beveridge, moderator. Ephraim Foster:\ Present: Messrs.Goodwillie and Anderson, ministers, and James Small from Cambridge, and John Shaw The above subscriptions, in number fifty-seven, are from Barnet, ruling elders. The minutes of the last attested to be genuine. meeting having been read, relating to the call from Thomas Bbveeidqe, Minister. the congregation of Barnet, and containing an ap- interim meeting, the call was pre- Barnet, July 5, 1790. We, the subscribers, belong- pointment of this accepted ing to the town of Ryegate, in the State of Vermont, sented to Mr. Goodwillie, and he having first on the pre- though we cannot join in the call given to the it, an edict having been served Reverend Mr. David Goodwillie by the people of ceding Sabbath and at the opening of this meeting, time, Barnet, not being within the bounds of that congre- the Presbytery, after waiting a considerable proceeded to the gation, yet, as we expect some part of Mr. Good- and finding no objection offered, the pastoral charge willie's labors will be among us, do hereby testify admission of Mr. Goodwillie to worship our concurrence with our brethren in the said call, of the congregation of Barnet. Public be- place, and a sermon and our readiness to join with them in endeavoring ing then begun in the same from 1 Cor. iii. 7, on to aid and support the said Mr. Goodwillie in the preached by the moderator questions Lord's work. these words, "God giveth the increase," the excepting the seventh, John Gray, William Nelson, Jr., William Craig, in the formula for ministers, he was admitted, Andrew Brock, Alexander Jliller, James Henderson, were put to Mr. Goodwillie, and of the WiUiam Nelson. James McKinley, John Wallace, according to the usual form, as minister after charge given by James Nelson, Hugh Gardner, William Craig. aforesaid congregation ; and a EARlSnET. 287 the moderator to the minister, elders, and people, than 150 in Ryegate, under his pastoral care from public work of the day was concluded by Mr. the 1790 to 1822. Anderson with a sermon from Acts xxvi. 22. Since the present pastor's ordination and set- " Having- obtained help of God, I continue unto this day witnessing." The public assembly being tlement as Ms father's assistant and successor, dismissed, the Presbytery closed with prayer. September 27, 1826, more than 250 persons have A true copy. Certified by become members of this church. In 1840, how- William Marshall, Moderator. ever, the congregation was divided, and Eev. [This account may be considered by many long, as James McAi-thur ministered to one part at Ste- indeed it is ; but it takes up and fully explains the Scotch Presbyterian mode of settlement of pastors, vens's Village, one half of his time, from 1846 etc., a part of our ecclesiastical State history, hereto- to '57. The whole numbers of members at pres- fore quite untouched, and which will not need be ent belonging to the United Presbyterian Church again described at length in any town.—Ed.] in Barnet is about 200, besides some who reside After the settlement of the minister, for the in adjacent towns. period of 12 or 15 years the church of Bamet Nine persons connected with the Associate Con- had trials arising from dissensions among a few gregation of Bamet have become ministers of the individuals, and one or two difficult and doubt- gospel, viz : Rev. D. Chassell, D.D., who gradu- ful cases of discipline, in consequence of which ated at Dartmouth College in 1810; Eev. Peter a few individuals left the congregation. But Shaw, Rev. Robert Shaw, Rev. Thomas Goodwil- even during this period the church continued lie, and Rev. David Goodwillie, the sons of the to flourish, the number of its members being in- pastor, who graduated in Dartmouth College in creased more than threefold. Though the coun- 1820 ; Rev. William Galbraith, a son of one of try was new and money scarce, the congregation the elders, who graduated at Union College, N. contributed liberally eveiy year for the payment Y., and settled as a minister of the Associate of the incidental expenses. After this time of Church in Freeport, Pa.; Rev. Thomas Gilkev- trial the church continued to flourish in greater son, who graduated at JeiFerson College, Pa., peace and purity. Erom the foundation of this became a minister of the Associate Church, and church to this time, every year, quarterly meet- settled in Conemaugh, Pa.; Rev. William C. ings of the pastor, elders, and deacons, for prayer Somers, who graduated at Union College, N. Y., and praise and the government of the church, and is now settled as the pastor of the United have been regularly held. Presbyterian Congregation of Hobart, N. Y.; Every year two public fasts were kept, one rela- and Rev. Robert Samuel, who graduated at ting to the congregation, and the other to the sins Dartmouth College in 1856. and troubles of the nation and the world. Indeed, Mr. Gilkerson's father is now one of the elders the influence of true religion has been so long and of the church in which he has held office about so much felt that there are probably few places 50 years. He was the first person who sub- in the country where the sanctuary has been more scribed Mr. Goodwillie's call in 1790, and has generally and punctually attended and the sacred been long in office in the town, being a magis- Sabbath better observed. This church, from the trate for many years and representing the town beginning to this time, has contributed liberally seven times in the Legislature of the State. to the funds of the Presbytery, Synod, and Gen- The Associate Presbyterian Congregations of eral Assembly, to which they are subject, for the Barnet and Ryegate belonged to the Associate purpose of supporting and extending the cause Presbytery of Pennsylvania from the time that of Christ. Their minister's salary was augment- these congregations applied to that Presbytery ed to £80, which was raised generally by a town for a minister till May 21, 1801, when the Asso- tax, but sometimes by voluntary subscriptions, ciate Synod of North America was organized, when almost every tax-payer in the town sub- when they were included in the Associate Pres- scribed liberally. In 1805, the pastoral relation bytery of Cambridge, N. Y., then formed. To between the minister and town was dissolved by this Presbytery they belonged till July 10, 1840, mutual consent. In the same year the town and the Associate Presbytery of Vermont, in- chose the minister to represent them in the State cluding all the ministers and congregations in Ver- Legislature. In that year also the Presbyterian mont belonging to the Synod, was constituted at Society of Bamet was incorporated by the Legis- Bamet by Rev. Thomas Goodwillie, senior min- latm'e, which paid the minister's salary as long ister according to the decree of the Associate as he lived. Synod. The Presbytery of Vermont has be- The members of the church of Bamet, in longed, since May, 1858, to the General Assem- full communion when the sacrament of the bly of the United Presbyterian Church of North Lord's Supper was first dispensed in Caledonia America, then formed by the union of the Asso- County, September 25, 1791, were 46; in '92, ciate and Associate Reformed Synods. 68 ; in '96, 91 ; in '97, 97 ; in '98, 111 ; in 1802, '23, EEV. 117 ; in '13, 140 ; in 182 : and in '30, when DAVID GOODWILLIE, AND FAMILY. Mr. Goodwillie died, more than 200. During Rev. David Goodwillie was born in Tans- his ministry in Barnet more than 400 persons hall, in the parish of Ivinglassie, Fifeshire, Scot- were enrolled as members, besides probably more land. The mansion in which he was born stands ! 2S8 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. a little south of the highway between Leslie, on their surviving children become members of the the Levcn River, and tlie church of Kinglassie, church, and hearing one son preach the everlast- and distant from each place about half a mile. ing gospel. It commands an extensive prospect, Edinburgh, The father died of dropsy, which for a long 15 miles to the south, being seen in a clear time affected one of his lower limbs. One day, day. Here the good-natured Goodwillie family when rather worse than usual, he called all the (as their neighbors called them) dwelt for five family together and prayed with them, after successive generations for more than 150 years. which he told tlie children that he had taken sol- His great-grandfather lived in times of persecu- emn baptismal vows for them, which, as he had tion, and encountered the opposition of the curate. received help from God, he had endeavored to His father, grandfiither, and great-grandfather fulfil by liis instructions and example, and then were "smiths" by trade. His grandfather,* solemnly warned them that if they did not live a David Goodwillie, was baptized October 15, life of faith and holiness the blame would rest 1665, and died November 7, 1745, aged 80 years. upon themselves. He was born in 1709, and He was a member of the Established Church of died on the Sabbath day, Jauuaiy 6, 1782, aged Scotland and a ruling elder in the parish of Kin- 73 years, and was buiied in the cliurchyard of glassie, and was buried in its churchyard. He Kinglassie. Two or three days before his death, was married to Elizabeth Dewar, who died No- while lying still on his bed, he broke out in vember 10, 1739, aged 65 years. They had four a rapture, saying he was full of the joy of children, who survived them, — two sons, David the Holy Spirit, and inquired when the Sabbath and James, and two daughters, Christian and would come, expressing " a desii'e to depart and Elizabeth. They were possessed of considerable be with Christ." His son, having been ap- property in land and "movables." Their young- pointed to preach at a distant place the Sabbath est son, James Goodwillie, inherited the " mova- liis father died, on the Saturday before his depart- bles." ure, called the family togethei', and having sung He was a member of the Established Church Psalm xxiii. and prayed, took his farewell. of Scotland, and a ruling elder in the Paiish of Kinglassie, whose minister was ]\Ir. Currie, who Extract from a letter of Rev. David Goodwil- at first decidedly favored the cause of the Ers- lie to his brother in America, wiitten at this time. " kines and others who seceded from the Established . . . . Our father finished his pilgrimage Church of Scotland on account of grave ciTors in on earth on the sixth of January last. He died doctrine and practice, which the General Assem- a peaceful death at 8 o'clock on Sabbath morn- bly of that church refused to condemn and cor- ing, in the presence of our mother, brother, rect ; but who afterwards strenuously opposed and sisters, and was buried on Tuesday, the by his writings the secession or Associated Clmrch eighth, in the family burial-place. His senses of Scotland, which cause his niling elder espoused remained to the last. Great patience, Clu'istian as the cause of God, and therefore left the Estab- resignation, and other religious exercises were lished Church and joined the Associate Chm-ch manifest during the whole of his last affliction, and became a member of the Associate Congre- wliich lasted for about three weeks. Thus, my gation of Abemethy, 12 miles distant from his dear brother, has the Lord of life been pleased residence. But when the Associate Congi-ega- to remove from the troubles of this vain world, tion of Leslie was organized, he became a member and, as we confidently hope, taken to the full and elder, and so continued till his death. He enjoyment of himself forever, one of the best of was widely known and highly esteemed as an parents, who, in a careful manner, gave us intelligent and pious man. His letters to liis Chiistian instruction, and guided us by his good childi'en show that he exercised himself unto example. Our loss is great, but his gain by this godliness and entertained a deep concern that happy change is far greater. Blessed be the the glory of God should be promoted in his own God of grace and consolation, we are not left to and their spiritual and eternal welfare. He was mourn as those who have no hope. " Mark the married to Slary Davidson, December 26, 1748, perfect man and behold the upright, for the end who was a helpmeet to him in things both tem- of that man is peace." "Precious in the sight poral and spiritual. They had eight children, of the Lord is the death of his saints." foru: sons and four daughters, three of whom died Let this lead us to take faith's view of him young. The parents were diligent in "bringing who died for us, and to a firm confidence in the up their children in the nurture and admonition of everlasting Father for the supply of all our the Lord," and had the satisfaction of seeing wants, spiritual and temporal. Let us be con- cerned to be ready to enter into the joy of om* * We are aware this part of the sketch is not strict- ly Vermont history, yet we have 6uch an accurate Lord, for we know not how soon we may be history of tliis old Scotch settlement, reversing the called to go hence. Let us live by faith in order and running from the present backward into " Christ who died and rose again." How the past, that it is much like an inclination felt when full of consolation are the following subjects standing at the lower end of a picture gallery, to let which I have lately been led to mediti-.te our eye sweep up through the vista as far as our un- on broken vision may extend.— Ed. Rom. Aiii. 18. " For I reckon that the suffer- BARNET. 289 ings of this present time are not worthy to be his emigration to America, he was employed in compared with the glory Wiiit.-h shall be revealed preaching in the different Presbyteries of the in us." Phil. i. 21. "For me to live is Christ, Associate Church in Scotland. He kept a list and to die is gain." 2 Tim. i. 10. " Jesus of all the times and places when and where he Chiist hath abolished death, and brought life officiated, and the texts of Scripture on wliich and immoi-tality to light by the gospel." he preached at these times and places, from which Rev. David Goodwillie was the first-bom it appears that he was diligent in fulfilling the of his father's family, and was baptized Dec. 31, appointments of the Associate Synod in sending 1749, by Eev. John Erskine, son of Rev. Eben- him to the different Presbyteries, and of these ezer Erskine, who was the first minister of the Presbyteries in sending bim to preach to the con- Associate Presbyterian Congregation of Leslie, gregations under their jurisdiction. His ac- to which the family belonged. quaintance and coiTCspondence with the ministers His eldest sister, Elizabeth, was bom in 1753, and preachers of the Associate Synod of Scot- and married to James Blythe, an elder of the land, were extensive. Associate Congregation of Abemethy, Sept. 1, In consequence of application for preachers, 1775, and died in 1836. made by the Associate Presbytery of Pennsylva- His brother Joseph, bom April 3, 1751, emi- nia to the Associate Synod in Scotland, and a grated to America about the year 1773, and died petition fi-om the chm'ch and town of Bamet, in Bamet, Eeb. 24, ISOS. preferred to that synod, to send them a His sister Christian, bom July 26, 1758, was preacher, that Synod recommended him and the married to "William Coventrie, a member of the Rev. A. White to go to the assistance of that Associate Congregation of Abemethy, where she Presbytery. With this recommendation he com- died Feb. 14, 1806. plied. Taking a sorrowful farewell of his His brother James, born July 16, 1760, was mother, sisters, brother, and many friends, both married, had a large family, and lived to old age. lay and clerical, he sailed fi-om Greenock, March His mother died in Leslie, Scotland, June 25, 15, 1788, in com]3any with Rev. A. White, two 1806, at an advanced age, and was buried in the other gentlemen, and five ladies as cabin passen- churchyard of Kiaglassie. She was a Ckristian gers. After a passage of 51 days, he arrived mother indeed, and took a deep interest in the at New York the fifth of May following, where temporal and spiritual welfare of her children. he remained preaching till the last week of the She sm-vived her husband 24 years, and was sep- month, when he went to Philadelphia, Pa., to arated, 18 years before her death, from her first- meet with the Associate Presbytery of Pennsyl- bom, for whom she entertained a high esteem vania. and strong attachment, and he proved his filial He was an important and seasonable acquisi- affection and regard by conti'ibuting liberally to tion to that Presbytery, as urgent calls for preach- her support as long as she lived, though his sal- ers were numerous and increasing. That he ary was not large, and his family increasing. might be qualified to exercise all the functions It is probable that Mr. GoodwUlie was en- of a minister of the gospel in the newly organ- gaged at manual labor till about 18 years of age, ized congregations in which he should be called when he began to study, with a -view to the to labor, the Presbytery determined to ordain sacred ministry, and prosecuted his academical bim at an early period, and assigned him subjects education at Alloa, and finished it at the Univer- for trials for ordination. According to appoint- sity of Edinburgh. He studied theology under ment of Presbytery, he preached in June, in Ox- Professor Moncrief, at Alloa, where the Theolog- ford and Rocky Creek, Pa., in August in Rock- ical Seminary of the Associate Synod was estab- bridge Co., Va., and in September and October, lished. For support when prosecuting his studies in MUl Creek, Franklin, Rocky Creek, and other he successfully engaged in teaching, and taught places in Pennsylvania, and attended the Presby- at Ryelaw near Leslie, and Easter Fernie, near tery of Pennsylvania, at Pequea, Oct. 1, 1788. Capar, ia Fifeshire. His trials for ordination having proved satisfac- After he had passed through the usual course tory, he was ordained by the Associate Presbytery of academical and theological studies, the Asso- of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 31, ciate Synod recommended him to be taken on 1788, in the hall of the University of Pennsyl- trial for license. His trials having proved satis- vania. Rev. Thomas Beveridge presided, and factory, he was licensed to preach the everlasting preached fi-om 2 Cor. iv. 1. " Therefore, seeing gospel by the Associate Presbytery of Eirkcaldy we have this ministry, as we have received in the beginning of October, 1778. The next mercy, we faint not." Immediately after which month he went to L-eland, where he remained he delivered the charge to him. The sermon preaching to the congregations of the Associate and charge were soon printed. Rev. John An- Church in that country for nearly a year, when derson, D. D., was ordained by the Presbytery in he returned to Scotland. In September, 1785, the afternoon of the same day. Rev. William he went to the north of England, where he con- Marshall presided, and preached on the occasion. tinued more than a year, preaching in Westmore- After this, Mr. Goodwillie went to New York, land and Cumberland. The rest of the time till where he dispensed the Lord's Supper. In No- 290 VERMONT HISTOmCAL MAGAZINE. vcniber ho arrived iu Cambridge, N. Y., where west line of the first-mentioned lot, on which he he labored during the winter, preaching occasion- erected a largo frame house, into which he moved, ally in Argyle and other places in the vicinity. Dec. 20, 1791. In April, 1789, ho returned to New York and For about 12 or 16 years after he settled in Philadelphia, where he attended a meeting of the Barnet, he had two difiicult and doubtful cases Presbjtory, and then went to Carlisle, where he of discipline, but his faith, patience, and perse- labored the most of May and June, occasionally verance finally triumphed over all discourage- preaching in Pequea and other congi-cgations in ments. Ml'. Beveridge, that " good servant of that part of Pennsylvania, and assisting JNIr. Jesus Christ," who had similar tiials, wiites to Clarkson at his communion on the 24th of May. him at different times. Returning to Philadelphia, he assisted Mr. Mar- " Vert dear Sir: Lotus not be discouraged with shall at a dispensation of that holy ordinance, trials and temptations, but let us consider thom ns means June 21st. On the next Sabbath he preached in by which the Lord fits instruments lor bis ser- vice. I feel in some measure tlic afflictions of my New York, where he continued to labor till Sep- brethren. Let us be cheerful under them." " We tember, when he went to Cambridge, where, ac- must set our faces to the storm. If we faithfully cording to the appointment of Presbytery, he serve the Lord, suffering for him, and with him, we presided at the installation of Rev. Thomas Bev- shall reign with him. In a little while all these things which cause grief in eridge, and delivered to him the pastoral charge. us and pain this world shall be to us no more. I hope if we attend to our From Cambridge, probably after the meeting Master's service, he will not leave us without evi- there, of the Presbytery Oct. 1, 1789, he returned dences, both of his fatherly care iu providing for to New York, where ho attended a meeting of our wants, and of his gracious presence with us in Presbytery, Oct. 19, with Messrs. Marshall, liis service. The more cheerful, we are iu his work, all things will go the better with us." Beveridge, Anderson, and White. His call to Barnet, and settlement there, in 1781, we have In 1804, a communication written by a clergy- already related in the ecclesiastical record of man of another denomination, and residing in Bamet. an adjoining State, was published, in which the During these transactions in Bamet Mr. Good- congregation of Bai-net was said to be " a willie went back to New York, where he was worldly sanctuary," and " no church of Christ." April 10, 1790, and proceeded to Philadelphia, This occasioned a correspondence, which is still where he assisted Mr. Marshall at the commun- preserved, and which manifests that while Mr. ion, April 25. In May he probably preached in Goodwillie was a man able to defend the right, the vacant congregations west of Philadelphia, ho was still the Christian, full of candor, charity, as we find he was at Marsh Creek, where he and meekness. Indeed, he used arguments, manicd his friend and companion. Rev. A. drawn from reason and revelation, so poweifnlly, White to Margaret Kerr, May 27, 1790. In the and applied the facts in the case so forcibly, that first part of June he visited Alexandria and the calumniator of the congregation of Bamet Fredericksburg, Va., and returned to Philadel- was constrained to confess that " they were a phia, where he was mamed to Miss Beatrice body of Christians highly and generally re-- Henderson, July 7, 1 790. They went to New spected." York before the end of that month, and proceeded Clergymen of another denomination, who, to Bamet, where they amved about the 12th of both in their discourses and publications, opposed September, 1790. They lodged at first at John the government of the United Stales as no ordi- Hindman's for a few days, after which they nance of God, both from the pulpif and press, resided, till the close of 1791, with John Ross, traduced Mr*. Goodwillie as a traitor to the who lived near the south end of Ross Pond. church of Scotland. But he was a firm friend The charter of the town gave one share or of civil and religious liberty, and held fast the right of land to the first settled minister of the standards of the church of Scotland, as founded gospel. As he was the first settled in the town on the word of God. While he was a student and county, he obtained this right, which con- in his native country, he favored the cause of the sisted of 340 acres of land, situated in three United States, then nobly struggling for their different parts of the town. A lot of 100 acres independence. Moreover, ho never belonged to lay nearly a mile southeast of the centre of the the Established Church of Scotland, but to the town, four acres of which, on the northwest cor- Associate Church, which, both in Scotland and ner of the lot, were cleared when he moved into America, testified against the en-ors of the town. Ho gave to " tlie Presbyterian Society of Established Church, but held fast "the refor- Barnet," two acres on the northeast corner of mation principles of the Cluirch of Scotland." which were the meeting-house and graveyard. Yet notwithstanding these asper.'^ions, ho contin- 200 acres lay about a mile southeast from the ued to prosper in his ministerial labors till death centre of the town. Another lot of forty acres dissolved the pastoi-al relation to his congrega- of inferior land lay on a liill east of the Pas- tion, which he left in a prosperous condition; sumpsic, above the fiills near the mouth of the and it is remarkable that the congi-egations of all river. In order to obtain a better site for build- those clergymen who misrepresented him and his ing, he purchased a piece of land on the north- congregation, rejected them long before their I BAENET. 291 death. Here it may also be proper to add that plary member of his church. His list of marriages he observed through life the rule "to speak amounts to nearly 200. In answer to petitions evil of no man." When he was defamed he sent from Canada, for preaching, the Presbytery made no defence, following a more excellent and appointed him to go on a mission to the petition- " effectual way ; when he was reviled, he reviled ers. He left home Jan. 18, 1798, and went more not again, but committed himself to Him who than 150 miles beyond Montreal, and preached judgeth righteously," and obeyed the inspired to them a few Sabbaths, and returned Feb. 24, injunction, "with well-doing put to silence the having travelled nearly 600 miles in the winter. ignorance of foolish men." During this prolonged period of trial he was During this long period of trial he did not called in God's gracious providence to endure labor in vain, for, as it has been before stated, the two grievous losses, one of a public and the other communicants numbered threefold more than of a domestic nature,— the death of his well-be- at his settlement ; and after this there were loved brother, Mr. Beveridge, with whom he was annual accessions till his death, when there were most intimately associated in the ministry, and the more than 200 living members. The whole death of two of his own children, vv^hich mouniful number enrolled under his ministry in Barnet events took place in his own house nearly at the was more than 400. same time. The sacrament of the Lord's Sup- When the call for him was executed in Bar- per Avas dispensed to the congregation of Barnet net, July 5, 1790, it will be remembered that 12 the First Day, being the first Sabbath of July, members from the congregation of Ryegate 1798. Mr. Beveridge came to assist on that oc- attended and signed a paper of adherence to the casion. Coming through Ryegate he took a call, expecting to receive a portron of his labors. drink of water, which sickened him and issued in That congregation received a sixth part of pas- dysentery. Though much indisposed wlien he toral services till the autumn of 1 822, when they arrived in Barnet, he preached on Saturday be- obtained a settled minister. The records of that fore the communion. On the Sabbath his dis- church were lost, but it is supposed that more ease had increased to such a degree that he was than 150 members were admitted during that obliged to sit while he served two tables, and time, as the congregation was so strong that they after the sacred ordinance was dispensed he gave a preacher a call in 1809, who accepted preached an excellent and very affecting sermon " one from another congregation, and in 1814 gave from John xvii. 11 : And now I am no more in another preacher a call, who had some thoughts the world, but these are in the world, and I come of accepting it, but was also settled in another to thee." This was his last appearance in pub- congregation. So that during his ministry for lic ; and though conflicting with a mortal mala- about 40 years in Barnet, and 32 in Ryegate, dy, his talents and piety seerfed to shine with nearly 600 persons were enrolled members of uncommon lustre, while he addressed the people these two congregations. During the whole of with all the fervor of a dying man. He was un- his ministry, even to old age, he was diligent, able to attend public worship on the thanksgiv- not only in preaching on the Sabbath, and visit- ing on Monday. It was not till three weeks after ing the sick, but every year paid a pastoral visit this that he died, and all hopes of his recovery to the families of the congregations of both Bar- were Hot lost till the evening before his death. net and Ryegate, and publicly catechised the During these three weeks he was chiefly employed parents and childi-en in meetings in different in prayer and reading the Scriptures ; and when parts of these two towns. The number of his unable to read he employed one of the elders who baptisms of infants and adults amounts to sev- waited on him, to read such passages of the Bible eral hundred. Once he baptized a child of the as he pointed out, on which he frequently made fifth generation, all living. When he was town- observations as they went along. William Gil- minister of Barnet he made a pastoral visit every kerson, of Barnet, was sent to inform his family year to every family in town. On one occasion and congregation of his sickness, and they imme- a woman, the head of the household, refused to diately sent James Small and Robert Oliver, receive him as a minister. When departing, he two of the elders, to him. turned round at the door of her house, and wiping The disease extended to Mr. Goodwillie's fam- his feet on the floor, said to her, " Christ com- ily, and two of his children died on Saturday, manded them whom he ' sent to preach the king- July 7th, the anniversary of their parents' mar- ' dom of God ' in any house or city to shake off riage. The children were laid in one grave. the very dust of their feet for a testimony against Mr. Goodwillie himself, ere the tliii-d Sabbath of them who would not receive them nor hear their the month, was seized with the same disorder, words,' and to depart saying, ' notwithstanding, which pi-evailed and proved very mortal iu the be ye sure of this, the kingdom of God is come town at that time. Btit such was Mrs. Good- near to you.'" But the truth and grace of God willie's exemplary prudence and tenderness, that soon prevailed, for what was said and done bad notwithstanding Mr. Beveridge was the means such an effect that the woman soon professed her of bringing the disorder into the family, of which faith in Christ, and he baptized her and her chil- two of her children died,«he was unremitting in dren, and she continued till lier death an exem- kindness to him ; and though an affectionate ; 292 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. mother, never slied a tear in liis sight, for fear ness shown to him in his illness, and desired of hurting his sensibility. On the third Sabbath him, when he wrote to Mr. Marshall in Philadel- a number of people gathered to the house wliere phia, to inform him that he had not forgotten the two distressed ministers lay. Mr. Bever- him in his last moments. He then addressed idge's heart was so touched with compassion to- others in the company, according to the various wards them, who were, at that time, like sheep trials they had passed through,— in which he without a slieplierd, that he insisted on being per- discovered the most perfect recollection. After mitted to preach to them. Notwithstanding the which he lay do^vn and desired two persons to entreaty of his friends, who still had some hopes sit by him, one on each side, and requested the of his I'ecovery, he roused himself once more and rest of the company to withdraw. In the fore- sat up in the bed, around which the people gath- noon he lay peifectly at ease ; in the aftenioon, ered, and after praise and prayer, preaclicd a grcw worse and took little notice of any person, well-connected and very practical sermon from but called Mr. Goodwillie and asked him if he Psalm xxxi. 23, " Oh love the Lord, all ye his knew what time the Son of Man would come. saints ! " This discourse was delivered vnth He replied that he thought about 10 o'clock the great fervor of spirit, and in the application he ensuing night, or at furthest at midnight; to did, in a veiy pathetic manner, exhort the people which Mr. Beveridge replied, "I know now," of Barnet to study peace among themselves, and after which he lay still. to continue steadfast in their religious profession In the evening he seemed to revive, and as dis- warned them of the danger of apostasy, and said tinctly as from the pulpit, repeated twice that re- that if any of them should continue their conten- markable passage, "/ hww that my Redeemer tious, which he hadbefore endeavored to remove, liveth, and that he shall stand at the latter day upon he would be a witness against them in the day the earth ; and though after my shin worms destroy of judgment. He preached about an hour, and, this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God ; whom I after prayer and praise, dismissed the congrega- shall see for myself, and mine eyes shall behold, and tion. This exertion was far too great for his not another ; though my reins be consumed within strength. In the evening he grew worse, the me." After this he gradually sank, and about fever increased, and before midnight all hopes of 10 o'clock expired, without a struggle, a sigh, liis recovery were lost. He was fully sensible of or groan. He lies buried in the churchyard at his situation, and continued in this state till near Baniet, in Mr. Goodwillie's burial-place, where the dawn of day, when the storm was changed his congregation erected a monument, with an into a calm. To the astonishment of his attend- appropriate inscription, which contains the orig- ants, he sat up in bed and said, " I am a dying inal Hebrew of the passage, " / know that my Re- man, and dying ftist ; as to bodily pain, I am free deemer liveth." of it. It is well that I am not afraid to die." The death of this eminent servant of Christ Mr. Goodwillie was then called up from his was deeply felt by Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie, as bed of sickness. When he and his family he was their intimate friend, and as there were at were come into the room, Mr. Beveridge said that time so many urgent calls in the Associate lie would pray ^vith them once more before Church for such sound, able, and faithful minis- he died ; and then stretching forth his hands ters. Mrs. Goodwillie, who was " a mother in and speaking as fully and distinctly and with as Israel " indeed, expressed her pious public spirit much composure as when in perfect health, on this mournful occasion by saying, that her addressed the throne of grace, praying for the loss by the death of her two childi-en in one day church of Christ in general and the Associate was not to be compared to the loss of the church Church in particular ; for his own congregation by the death of Mi'. Beveridge. One of Mr. (in Cambridge, N. Y.) ; especially for the rising GoodwilUe's elders said that he would have generation ; for his bretlircn in the ministry, Mr. willingly died in Mr. Beveridge's stead had it Marshall in Pliiladelphia and Mr. Goodwillie by been the will of God to spare him to preach the name, that they might be supported under the gospel. trials they had met with in their congregations Mr. Oliver, after he returned home to Cam- and families ; and for those who had so faitlifully bridge, writes, after describing the saddening attended liim during his illness ; and then, hav- effect of the news of Mr. Beveridge's death on liis ing commended his soul into the hand of God wife and congregation, "We all join with her in who gave it, concluded his pathetic and heart- om- most sincere acknowledgments to you and " melting prayer with these words : The prayers Mrs. Goodwillie for your great care and kindness of Thomas Beveridge are now ended." to the deceased and to us. We are anxious to hear After this he addi-essed the company around of your recovery and Mary's, and how it fares with him and exhorted Mr. Goodwillie, who was a ten- Mrs. Goodwillie after so much toil and trouble der-hearted man and an affectionate father, not to both in body and mind." Mr. Marshall,who was give way to excessive grief for the loss of his ministering to the bereaved congregation at that " children, as he would find their death among the time, writes : My salutations to you, who are things that were working together for good like Joseph, separated from your ministerial thanked him and Mrj. Goodwillie for their kind- brethren. Eememberme in a particular manner BAENET. 293 to your dear yoke-fellow, whose praise is in this cerned the characters of men, and estimated and church for her many. gifts and graces." treated them according to their real worth ; and Mr. and Mrs. Goodwillie, in 1802, were called was generally regarded by them to be " a very " to lament their loss by the death of Eev. William knowing man ; moreover, he was known to be Marshall, of Philadelphia, another eminent min- amiable, peaceful, and contented ; hence he was ister of the Associate Church, and their kind and frequently consulted by all classes, and, as a faithful friend, highly esteemed and well-be- blessed peacemaker, through Ms influence many loved. difiiculties were settled. On account of the distance from his residence to It was his custom on the Sabbath forenoon to the places where the Synod and Presbyteries of expound the Scriptures. In this way he ex- Pennsylvania and Cambridge met,Mr. Goodwillie pounded all the New and most of the books of the was not frequently present, which Avas regretted by Old Testament, — drawing inferences and obser- both himselfand his brethren. He wished to attend vations, both doctrinal and practical, from the to the duties of a Presbyter, and they wished to passages expounded. His sermons were sound have his counsel and advice, as well as to enjoy and sohd, well arranged, and full of the doctrines his company, to encourage and cheer them in the and duties of religion ; and many of his people duties and difficulties of the ministry. He was became eminent for their faith, holiness, and present at the meeting of the Associate Synod good works. In the pulpit he was grave and in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1803, when he was chosen solemn, calm and deliberate in delivery, — a moderator; in 1804, 1807, 1809, and in 1824, minister of the word who did not aspire after when he was appointed to preach the Synod ser- popular applause " with the enticing words of mon in the absence of the moderator. man's wisdom," but who, rather with great So highly was he esteemed for his wisdom and plainness of speech, preached the glorious and understanding of the doctrine and order of the everlasting gospel of Christ crucified ; while so chui'ch of Christ that the Synod appointed him to deeply did his own soul experience the gracious make " a book of church government and disci- power of the precious truths he taught that he pline," which, after a few amendments and addi- often shed tears while delivering them to others. tions, was enacted by the Synod as " a standing His last discourse was preached in the new rule," and which is still in force. brick meeting-house, Sabbath, July 18, 1830, In his large collection of papers were found from Hebrews, respecting the sojourning of more than 1,000 letters, preserved to this time. Israel in the wilderness for forty years, and the The most of these were written by ministers of the use to wliich the apostle applies it. " There re- Associate Church, both in Scotland and America, maineth, therefore, a rest for the jDCople of God. with some of whom the correspondence was main- Let us therefore labor to enter into that rest." tained till death. We find letters from Rev. Adam The people observed, afterwards, that the dis- Gibb, Rev. John Jamieson, D.D., and also from course was remarkable, and he was himself Alexander Pringle, D.D., with whom he corre- deeply affected in delivering it, as he had been sponded till his death. We also find letters from nearly 40 years settled in Barnet, and anticipated Rev. William Marshall, Eev. Thomas Bever- that his end Avas drawing near. A diary, kept idge. Rev. John Anderson, D.D., with whom he by his son and assistant in the ministry, contains corresponded till their death ; Rev. A. White, a particular account of his last sickness and Rev. Francis Pringle, Eev. Thomas Hamilton, death. On Thursday following, he seemed to be Rev. John Banks, D.D., and most of the other overcome by the heat of the weather, which was ministers of the Associate Church in this country very oppressive, accompanied with debility and at an early period. Prom one of these clergy- symptoms of cough and congestion of the lungs. men he received nearly 300 letters in about 20 For more than a week he Avas often delirious, years. The letters of very many of his coitc- and unable to converse much, but manifested spondents show that the writers were men of su- during his sickness, by being often observed to perior intelligence and piety, and many quota- be engaged in prayer and repeating parts of the tions might be made from them to show their Scriptures, that his thoughts Avere occupied Avith high esteem of Mr. Goodwillie. They refer to the things of God. After this, he greAV worse, liis company and conversation as having been so and died in the evening of the 12th day of his agreeable and edifying, and thank him for his let- sickness. In the morning of that day, he became ters, as giving them so much pleasure and profit, quite sensible ; was aware that he had been that they desire a continuance of his correspond- delirious, and inquired how long it was since he the ence and enjoyment of his company. was taken ill ; how it came upon him ; how long Mr. Goodwillie seemed, indeed, well qualified it was since the Lord's Supper had been dis- for the station and relations in the church in which pensed, and how often he had preached since. a gracious Providence had placed him. His men- He directed his executor to divide his library tal endowments were suited to his circumstances, between his two sons in the ministry. After and were highly acceptable and advantageous to lying quiet for some time, apparently meditating, the people among whom he labored. From^his he looked up in the face of his son, to Avhom he knowledge of human nature, he accurately dis- had formerly observed that he would soon be 294 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. left alone in his ministry, and said, in a calm robust frame, and inclined to be corpulent in the j but firm tone of voice, " It appears that God, in decline of life. In his habits he was temperate his providence, is about to put a period to my and regular, and enjoyed generally good health. life and labors, and take me to himself. I Thus he was enabled to endure without com- acknowledge his goodness to me and my family plaint the fatigue of travelling and the inclem- and connections. Tell my absent children and ency of the weather at all seasons, as well as the relatives that I pray for every one of them, and arduous labors of his ministry for so many years. desire that they walk in the ways of the Lord, In the last years of his life, he became deaf to a and that they pray for each other, and especially considerable degree, but his eyesight remained for those who have been bereaved by death. good, so that he could read till the last. This affliction has come on me suddenly, and He brought from Scotland a good library, has left me little time for reflection, but it is the mostly composed of theological works, which will of the Lord, and we should submit to it were much damaged by the carelessness of those with cheerful readiness. I acknowledge God's who transported them up the Connecticut River, goodness to me and the church." He then ex- permitting them to get wet. At home, he kept horted his three children present " to walk by close to the study-room adjoining his library, faith." Afterwards, he spoke of his being de- continuing his labors till midnight, — a practice voted to God, and acknowledged his unworthi- maintained till near his death. ness, but expressed his confidence in the mani- In 1805, as before mentioned, his relation of fold mercy of God in Christ. In the afternoon, pastor to the to-\vn was dissolved with mutual the delirum returned, and the diflSculty of breath- consent, the law of the State under which he ing increased, till 6 o'clock, August 2, 1830, was settled having been essentially modified. when he departed in peace, in the 81st year of But Ms fellow-citizens soon gave him proofs, his age, having preached the gospel nearly 52 which continued through Hfc, of their high yeai'S. esteem, as well as their confidence in his ability His funeral was attended by a large concourse and integi'ity, in electing him to three responsible of people, many of whom were from Eyegate offices. In the autumn of the same year, he was and other toAvns around Barnet. Several clergy- chosen to represent the town in the legislature, men belonging to adjacent towns were also which held its session from Oct. 5 to Nov. 8, present. Eev. Wm. Pringle, whose ordination 1805, at Danville, 7 miles from his residence. and settlement in Ryegate he had lately attended, He always returned home on Saturday, and and to whom he gave the pastoral charge, read preached to his congregation on the Sabbath. the 19th Psalm, with prayer; and he was in- In the same year, the Presbyterian Society of teiTcd beside his deceased wife and children and Barnet was incorporated, %vhich paid liis salary fellow-laborer, jNIr. Beveridge. A monument was till his death. In 1807 he was chosen town soon erected near the graves of Mr. and Mrs. clerk, and was annually re-elected by the town to Goodwillie, with appropriate inscriptions. The that office till 1827, when he declined re-election. following Sabbath, Rev. Mr. Pringle preached The mail was first extended to Barnet in to a large audience an excellent sermon, suited 1808. It was a weekly mail, and ran through to the solemn occasion, from Psalm cxlii. 5. "/ the centre of the town. He was appointed the cried unto thee, Lord; I said. Thou art my first postmaster in Barnet, and was continued in refuge and my portion in the land of the living." that office till 1818, when the route was changed His death was considered a public loss ; even to the Connecticut River. his acquaintance who survive still revere and His talents for business were great. He was cherish his memory, which is blessed. a ready writer, and wrote a good hand, and his When he was settled in Barnet, the county transactions were methodical and exact. His was new. Except a clergyman of another de- residence, being near the centre of the town, was nomination settled about 20 miles south of him, convenient for the inhabitants, and the duties of there was not another settled minister of any these offices were light and quickly discharged, denomination within GO miles in any other direc- and did not interfere with his pastoral duties, tion. This solitary state continued for 9 years. which he diligently discharged with punctuality. In 1798, he procured sheet iron, and got his He labored both pul:)licly and privately till an brother, who followed his father's occupation, academy was established in the county, at Peach- and had moved his family from Nova Scotia to am, five miles from his residence, and some years Barnet in 1793, in order to enjoy his ministry, to before any otlier clergyman was settled in the make him a stove, wliich for a long time was county. By the charter he was appointed a tnas- the first used in this part of the country, and tee, which ofiice he held till 1827, when he re- considered a great curiosity and comfort. About signed, and the Board of Trustees passed a vote the year 1812, he i)rocured from the State of of " thanks to him for his long and faithful ser- New York a four-wheeled vehicle, wliich was for vices." He attended all their annual meetings some years the first carriage o^vned and used in during this period, and was the President of the Barnet. Board for many years ; and annually chosen one In stature he was about 5 feet 10 inches; had a of the examiners, and punctually attended. The BAElSnfiT. 295 pui^ils long remembered their examinations by great laughter. When a little child, he wandered the venerable minister of Bamet, who was es- from home, and, when returning, was met by his teemed the most learned member of the Board mother searching for him. Fearing chastise- of Trustees. Long after his death, the 50th an- ment, he fell do'svn on his knees before her, held niversary of tlie institution was celebrated, being up his hands, and said, " All obedience, mother." attended by great numbers of its former pupils, Such submission satisfied the mother. When from different parts of the United States and a member of the Legislature of Vermont, his re- Canada. The jubilee lasted for two days. The plies to the arguments of an opponent were so late Chief Justice of Vermont delivered an ora- forcible and facetious, that the whole house was tion, and a distinguished lawyer from Massa- convulsed with laughter, at the opponent's ex- chusetts, one of the early pupils, in his speech, pense, who had the magnanimity not to resent eulogized Mr. Goodwillie for his talents, erudi- it. One Saturday evening, a young, reckless tion, and piety. James On*, a member of his member moved " that the Legislature adjourn till congregation in Barnet, gave the County Acad- to-morrow morning," which so shocked the moral emy $1,000 as a donation. sense of the house, that many members turned He was charitable, hospitable, generous ; but their eyes on the Scotch minister as a sign for modest and humble, and did not let his left hand him to defend the sacred Sabbath. He rose and know what his right hand gave to support the said, " I second the motion," which greatly as- " poor and spread the gospel. He was a life mem- tonished the house ; but he continued, I second ber of the Bible Society. He possessed great the motion, not because I approve of it, but to equanimity and fortitude, — was not uplifted by have the right to call for the yeas and nays, prosperity or cast down by adversity ; but rather which I accordingly do, for I wisli it to be kno^vn inherited and cultivated through life a pecu- who in this house are the friends and who the liarly cheerful disj)Osition, insomuch that it was foes of the Sabbath." The mover immediately remarked by the most intelligent of his people, withdrew the motion, knowing his name would that he appeared most cheerful in preaching be recorded in the journal and published in the when under trouble, whether of a public or do- newspapers as an enemy to the Lord's day, mestic nature. He was esteemed a judicious man, which would give him rather a killing notoriety. and a faithful, affectionate friend. His brethren More than 40 years since, he attended commence- in the ministry sought his counsel and company, ment of Dartmouth College, after whicli he and the regret was mutual that they were set- called on Dr. ShurtlefF, one of the professors, tled so far apart. Eev. John Anderson, D.D., who loved sprightly conversation as well as him- who was ordained with him in Philadelphia, and self. While they were engaged in talking, Mr. who officiated at his installation in Barnet, was A., a graduate, entered the room and took the a friend very highly esteemed and beloved for seat of another graduate who had just gone out. his superior talents, learning, and piety, with Mr. Goodwillie, having been so earnestly engaged whom Mr. Goodv^^illie continued to correspond in conversation that he did nojt perceive the till the death of Mr. A., not four months before change, said, " I liked Mr. A.'s speech very well." his own, which event deeply affected him as long The doctor said, "I am glad to hear it, and will as he lived. introduce you to him." Turning to Mr. A., Mr. Eev. Andrew Heron, D.D., who was many Goodwillie remarked, immediately after the in- " years clerk of the Associate Synod, -NiTites to one troduction, I liked your speech very well ; but of Mr. Goodwillie's sons with respect to his perha]}s it was not so deep as some of the others." "venerated father's life and character." "I Thus he saved himself in some degree from the never heard him preach, but spent some days in impropriety of praishig a person in his presence. his hospitable mansion, in 1814, when he was Dr. ShurtlefF spoke highly of his public spirit considerably advanced in life. His kindness and and generosity. One morning at the breakfast hospitaiity were unbounded. I was delighted table, with a few witty words spoken occasion- and edified with his society and conversation. ally as he was eating, he kept a brother clergy- He had a rich fund of anecdotes, and a pleasing man laughing so heartily that he could not get manner of telling them. I have often heard the time to eat or drink, which he constantly urged fathers of the Associate Church, now dead, ex- him to do. press their confidence in him and their regard Mns. Goodwillie was born in Earkcaldy, for him. I have often heard my aunt, who emi- Eifeshire, Scotland, Jan. 24, 1761. David Hen- grated in the same ship, tell how much she and derson, her father, widely known for his great the rest of the cabin passengers were indebted zeal and piety, was a member of the Associate to his constant pleasantries and liveliness of Church. He, at first, belonged to the congrega- manner, making the voyage to seem short and tion of Ceres, 14 miles distant, but when the agreeable." Associate Congregation of Kirkcaldy was or- Besides his inexhaustible fund of good anec- ganized, about 1750, he became a member and dotes and a good way of relating them, his sal- was chosen an elder, which office he held till his lies were ready, pertinent, forcible ; and the quick death, in 1775. It was his custom to rise early wit of his replies produced sudden bursts of in the morning and engage till breakfast in 295 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. reading the Scriptures, self-examination, medita- a man of God in promoting the success of his tion, and prayer, and continued "instant in ministry, she was indeed a gi'cat helpmeet to prayer" through the day. He was a merchant, her husband, in thiugs spiritual as well as tem- and it was his custom, when he had placed the poral. So deep an interest did they naturally goods on the counter, while his customers were take in the prosperity of the church, that it was examining what to buy, to turn his back upon their usual practice to set apart days for fosting, them and his face to the wall, and engage in humiliation, and prayer, which they obseiwed in prayer. the family, for the peace and prosperity of the Her mother was a daughter of William Gard- congregation, as well as the spiritual interests of ner of Cupar, Fifeshii-e, who joined the Associ- the family. She had a female prayer-meeting ate Church and became a member of the con- which met in their house, and was an active gregation of Abemethy, 14 miles distant, but member of a female society stiU existing in the afier the congregation of Ceres, in the neighbor- congregation, for the puq)Ose of contributing to hood of Cupar, was organized, became a mem- Bible and missionary societies, and the support ber and continued to adorn his profession till his of young men studying with a view to the sacred death in 1772, aged 90 years. He had two chil- ministry. Her friends who had the best oppor- dren, daughters, one of whom was man-ied to tunity of knowing her character and hal)its, rep- John Culbcrt, a merchant in Cupar, who had 14 resent her as conscientiously careful in discharg- children, one of whom was Rev. John Culbert, ing all personal and domestic duties, much de- a minister of the Associate Synod, who was in voted to prayer and perusal of the Word of God, France at the time of the Revolution, lost all his and greatly enriched with religious experience. property, and narrowly escaped with his life ; and She was a faithful and affectionate Christian who was acquainted and corresponded with the mother. When her husband was gone from eminent Rev. Jolm Newton, of London, whose home, she observed family worship ; and so fer- nan-ative he had printed in Scotland in 1783. vent were her prayers for her family and the He died in 1825. church, that frequently the floor where she Margaret Gardner, the youngest daughter, was bowed down on her knees to pray was wet with man-ied in 1744 to David Henderson. They her tears. And it appears that when she came " had 7 children. The youngest was Mrs. Good- to die she was well "exercised unto godliness; willie, whose mother, noted for piety, died when yet her humility was so great that she now es- she was but a little child, and her father when teemed herself "to be nothing," and lamented she was but 14; but his religious instruc- that she had not lived a more useful life. But tions and example had made a powerful and per- her faith in the gracious promises remained firm, manent impression, and having been afterward and she had a desire to depart, and repeatedly more thorouglily instructed in the word of God, prayed, " O Lord Jesus, come quickly ! " When she joined the congregation of Kirkcaldy. dj'ing, her aged husband kissed her, and said, She emigrated to America with Mr. Good- "I resign you to God from whom I received willie in 1788, and resided two years with her you." She died Feb. 4, 1827, aged 66 years, brother, David Henderson, of Fredei'icksburg, three years and a half before her liusband. A Va., who came to America before the Revolu- great concourse of people followed her to the tionary War, in which he suffered great losses, grave. and enlisted in a company commanded by Capt. Washington, a brother of Gen. Washington, In concluding this history of Bamet, the with whose mother he was acquainted. Mr. writer would observe that he obtained materials so abundant that it would require a volume to Henderson was a godly and generous man ; for many years a member and ruling elder of the contain a full history of the town. His chief Presbyterian church of Fredericksburg, Va., and work has been to examine, select, an-ange, and died in 1837. Among his many acts of gener- condense. Besides the use of the town and osity was a liberal donation, continued for many church records and papers, and the extensive years, for the education of two of his sister's collections of letters, papers, journals, and charts sons for the sacred ministry. belonging to the late Rev. David Goodwillie, he Miss Henderson was married to Mr. Good- is indebted to Hon. Walter Han^ey for the letters, papers, jotirual, and chart of his father, willie July 7, 1790, by Rev. William Marshall, Harvey ; to Henry Stevens, Esq., for im- in liis own house in Philadelphia, Pa., and he Col. held her in high esteem during life and made portant maps and documents, and to Willard "honorable mention" of her in his life of Mr. Stevens, Esq., for the papei*s, letters, lists, jour- Beveridge. To one who had always been accus- nal, and charts of his father, Enos Stevens, Esq. March 4, 1861. tomed to a city life, the change to live in a coun- Bamet, try newly settled was great ; but she submitted MR. AND MRS. GOODWILLIE'S FAMILY. to discomforts cheerfully, that she might be in- BY KEV. AMDBEW HERON, D.D. strumental for the spiritual interests of those among whom she came to dwell. Ever verj' They had 8 children, four sons and four much concerned that she might be helpful to daughters; of whom one daughter and three BAENET. 207 sons are now living. One of the sons has been He represented them to their parents as " bear- long and intimately connected with the church ing a good character, and making excellent " and town of Bamet. progress ; and the Presbytery of Cambridge, Mart Goodwillie was bom Oct. 2, 1792. before the appointed time for the study of She was dangerously sick when her brother and theology had elapsed, recommended them to the sister died, and Mr. Beveridge joined in prayer Synod to be licensed, and the Synod suspended with the elders that she might be recovered. the rule, and ordered this Presbytery to take She lived to become the wife of his successor in them on trials for this end. These trials having his congregation. She was educated at the proved satisfactory, the Associate Presbytery Caledonia County Academy, and married by of Cambridge licensed them at Eyegate, Sept. her father Sept. 28, 1810, to Kev. Alexander 29, 1823. Their hoary-headed father was the Bullions, D.D., pastor of the Associate Congre- moderator of the Presbytery at that time, and gation of Cambridge. Eev. P. Bullions, D. D., from his great knowledge and experience, with in the life of her eminent and excellent husband, tears flowing fast, gave them suitable and sage says " she was a woman of uncommon worth council with respect to the duties and difficulties " and loveliness ; meek, unassuming, patient under of the "good work in which they were engaging. many afflictions ; of sincere, unaffected piety, Claiming their right which was accorded to and beloved by all who knew her. She was the them by the Synod, they returned to the Theo- mother of 6 children, whom she endeavored to logical Seminary, and studied another term. train up to fear and serve the Lord, commending Leaving Philadelphia early in the spring of them with much and fervent prayer to Him who 1824, in fulfilling the Synod's appointments to gave them. She died in the full assurance of preach, they went to South Carolina, then into faith, Jan. 4, 1830." Her eldest daughter, a Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio, and superior woman, was man'ied to the Eev. Wm. returned to Philadelphia the next spring. On Pringle, pastor of the Associate Congregation of their way South, their first interview with their Eyegate. Her eldest son, Eev. David G. Bul- uncle, who had so long and Hberally supported lions, graduated at Union College, N. Y. ; became them in prosecuting their studies, was very a minister of the Associate Church, and was gratifying, and he was highly pleased with their settled as his father's assistant and successor. company and conversation, but his greatest The other son graduated at Union College, and .pleasure was to hear his nephews preach the became a celebrated physician, having studied gospel of Christ, which was dear to his own soul. his profession in Europe and America. Dr. Banks, the professor, writes to their " " Mildred Goodwillie, born Aug. 1, 1798, venerable father," with much satisfaction," was educated in Caledonia County Academy, that his two sons were " excellent young men, and married by her father, July 11, 1817, to who gave great attention to their studies, in Eev. John Donaldson, pastor of the Associate which they made excellent progress ; " that they Congregation of Florida, N. Y., but afterwards preached several times in Pliiladelphia, and settled in Scroggsfield, Ohio, where she died in "were very acceptable to the people, among 183-, greatly lamented. She deserves the good whom they left a savory remembrance of their character given to Mrs. Bullions, whom she character and abilities." The aged and vener- greatly resembled. She had 7 children, five of able Dr. Anderson writes to their father, "Peb. whom are living. 18, 1825 : I have had much satisfaction in Thomas Goodwillie, bom Sept. 27, 1800, being visited by your two sons. They both and David Goodwillie, bom Aug. 28, 1802. preached to our people with much acceptance. These two sons in 1813 went to Cambridge, I hope the Lord will bless them, and make N. Y., and studied under Dr. Bullions, and them a blessing to his people." They returned attended some time the Cambridge Academy, home to Bamet, and assisted their father in under Dr. Chassell. Eetm-ning home in the July, 1825, in dispensing the ordinance of the spring of 1817, they attended the Caledonia Lord's Supper. So well pleased and profited County Academy for a short time, and then were the people of their father's congregation entered Dartmouth College, where they gradu- with their ministrations that they immediately ated August, 1820. Having become members applied to the Presbytery for a moderation of of the Associate Church a few years before, a call, and on the 26th day of October, 1825, they were admitted by the Associate Presbytery they gave Eev. Thomas Goodwillie a unanimous of Cambridge, and commenced the study of call to be assistant pastor and successor to his theology in the beginning of 1821, at the father. The aged pastor still being able to Eastern Theological Seminary of the Associate officiate, and preachers being few, and the Church in Pliiladelphia. Dr. Banks, the pro- vacant congregations many, his son continued fessor under whom they studied, was eminent to fulfil the appointments of Synod. Having for his knowledge of theology and profound passed satisfactory trials for ordination, he was acquaintance with the Greek, but especially the ordained and settled as pastor of the Associate Hebrew language, which made him an able Congregation of Barnet by the Associate Pres- critic and expositor of the Holy Scriptures. bytery of Cambridge, Sept. 27, 1826, before a — — 298 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. large audience, many of whom came from sur- erator. After preaching at the opening of the rounding towns. The aged father, with many Synod the next year, which is the duty of the tears, gave the pastoral charge to his son. moderator, the Synod, without precedent, voted Soon after his settlement, the Legislature him " thanks for his very excellent sermon." elected him to preach before the Governor, He was again chosen moderator of the Associate Council, and General Assembly, at the opening Synod in 1859. He has long been a life mem- of the Legislature the next year. Accordingly, ber of the American Bible Society. he preached at Montpelier, October 11, 1827, be- In 1827, when his father resigned his seat in fore the Legislature, and a vast audience of atten- the board of ti-ustees of the Caledonia County tive listeners, and gave appropriate addresses to Academy, he was immediately chosen a trus- the Governor, Council, and General Assembly. tee, to fill his place, which he still continues The Legislature voted him thanks for the " elo- to occupy, and lias been one of the examiners, quent and able " sermon, and requested a copy and, most of the time, president of the board. for publication, and elected him their chaplain In 1827, also, when his father declined a re-elec- for the session. His sermon Avas immediately tion as town clerk, he was chosen to that office, published at the expense of the State, and gra- which he then declined; but, in 1859, was re- tuitously distributed to all its towns. Rev. elected to the office, which was urged upon him, Ashbel Green, D.D., of Philadelphia, editor of and he accepted, and has been since annually " The Christian Advocate," in noticing its pub- re-elected. lication, says : He was married, April 11, 1833, and has four children " It is a sensible and faithful sermon, on a text living, — three sons and a daughter, manifestly appropriate to the occasion, — Prov. xiv. besides a daughter who died in 1850, in the thir- 31: ^Righteousness exalteth a nation, but sin is a re- teenth year of her age, remarkable for her intel- proach to any people.' We know not whether it be ligence and i^iety. The two oldest sons have more creditable to the author of this discourse that gi-aduated at the Pennsylvania College of Den- he had the lidelity to deliver it, or to the Legisla- ture of the State of Vermont that they had the tal Surgery, and settled in their profession in good sense and piety to request its publication. We Pliiladelphia, Pa. The eldest son is one of the wish that such a sermon were addressed to every faculty of that college, and for some years lias State Legislature, and to our congress, too, at the given great satisfaction in discharging the commencement of each of their sessions." duties of his office, and has also become a good The sermon was afterwards reprinted. By writer on some parts of his profession. The appointment of the Presbytery to which he youngest son (who bears his father's name) is a belonged, he went on a mission to Upper Can- student in Dartmouth College, preparing for the ada in 1827. In consequence of a petition from Christian ministry. Lower Canada, he went and preached in several Rev. David Goodwillie, Jr., recei^'ed a call on St. towns the Francis River, in 1829. While from Xenia and Sugar Creek, O. ; but accepted he was officiating as chaplain to the Legislature, one from the united congregations of Poland, and absent on these missions, his father offi- Liberty, and Deer Creek, and was ordained and ciated in the congregation in Barnet. settled by the Associate Presbytery of Ohio at A few weeks after his father died, he left Deer Creek, Lawrence Co., Pa., April 26, 1826, Barnet on account of ill-health, and for a year and ever since has been a laborious minister, and travelled in the Southern and Western States. his ministiy has been blessed with great success. In 1831 he went to the south of France, and His congregations increased so much that each proceeded to Sicily, and went as far as Syracuse. one desired to have a greater share of his From thence lie proceeded to Naples ; visited labors, but feared the loss of the valued labors Horculancum and Pompeii ; ascended Mt. Ve- of their highly-esteemed pastor, in a division of suvius, and entered the crater of this volcano his pastoral charge. But his labors still ; in- then journeyed to Rome, and saw the vast creased to such a degree that he was at length remains of antiquity, and the works of the fine constrained to ask the Presbytery for a division, arts. By Florence and Milan, he went over the which was granted, and Deer Creek was dis- Alps, by the Jit. Simplon road, to Geneva, where joined in the beginning of 1833. After the he saw the libraiy of Calvin. Thence he trav- union of the Associate and Associate Reformed elled to the north of Europe ; visited Scotland, churches, he was disjoined from Poland in and returned in 1833, with his health so far April, 1859, that it might unite with another recovered as to resume his labors in the con- congregation in the vicinity, and he now con- gregation of Barnet, where he has continued to tinues his ministrations in Liberty, Trumbull labor to the present time ; and his congregation Co., Pa. The number of church members has cxp\-esscd their high appreciation of liis enrolled under his pastoral care in Deer Creek, character and services, and their sympathy with in 7 years, M-as 104 ; in Poland, in 33 years, 303, him in his trials, both public and domestic. and in Liberty, in 35 years, extending to the pres- He was clerk of the Associate Synod (of the ent time (1861)253, making a total of 660. For North) from 1841 to 1854, when the Synods a number of years he was president of the board united, except in 1852, when he was chosen mod- of trustees of Westminster College, Pa, He was BARNET. 299 married April 20, 1826. His children were three CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. sons and three daughters, of whom two sons BY EEV. M. B. BEADrORD. and two daughters survive. His firstborn, Eev. Nov. 21, 1816. A congregational church was graduated at Jef- David Henderson Goodwillie, organized by Rev. Samuel Goddard, then of studied theology in the ferson College, Pa. ; Concord, Vt., composed of members in part of Associate Church, and was seminary of the Barnet, and in part of Lyman, N. H. It was Associate Presbytery licensed to preach by the called the " Congregational Church of Bamet 1 about the same of Shenango, Sept. 2, 853, and and Lyman." This church was small, but board of trustees of time he was elected by the continued, with various degrees of prosperity, College, the professor of natural Westminster about 12 years. It appears to have been sound chemistry, and continued to fill philosophy and in the faith, and to have exerted a good influence. successfully, till he resigned, in De- that office It was organized with 20 members, and dur- 1854. He was ordained and settled in cember, ing its continuance, received into its fellowship Associate Stamford in Can- the congregation of about 100 persons. It never had a settled pas- ada, four miles from Niagara Falls, Sept. 27, tor. Most of its members have fallen asleep. where he still continues. 1855, A few remain to the present time. April 11, 1861. A. H. In October, 1829, the first Congregational Church in Barnet was formed. It consisted of EEFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. three members, viz : James Gildchrist, Willard, and J. F. Skinner. After the church was BY EEV. JOHN BOLE, OS' RTEgATB. organized, the Rev. A. Govan was constituted The Eeformed Pi-esbyterian Congregation, of the pastor. Barnet, in connection with the General Synod During the 30 years of the existence of this of the Reformed Presbyterian Church in North church, 238 members were received by letter and America, was originally a branch of the Pye- l)rofession; 111 dismissed, and 25 have died. gate congregation of the same denomination. The large number of dismissions is owing to The congregation was organized in 1851, under the fact that on Sept. 10, 1858, forty-three were the pastorate of Rev. Robert A. Hill, who dismissed for the purpose of being organized demitted Ins charge in 1852. And in 1853, the into a church at Stevens Village, the first church Rev. John Bole was ordained pastor of the con- having built a meeting-house, and established gregations of Ryegate and Barnet. In little its centre at Mclndoes Falls. This church more than a year after his organization, Mr. has been blessed with many pastors, but only Bole demitted the charge of the Barnet congre- two of them have been settled. Rev. Mr. Govan gation. Since then, this congregation has re- continued as pastor from 1829 to September, mained a vacancy under the care of the North- 1832. Rev. Noah Cressey was employed a part ern Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian of the time until 1835, when Rev. Joseph B. Church in connection with the General Synod. White began his labors with this church. After The congregation numbers about 20 members. him. Rev. E. I. Carpenter, Rev. T. E. Ranney, and Rev. A. O. Hubbard were employed succes- THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CONGRE- sively. Mr. Hubbard continued his connection GATION (OLD SCHOOL) OF BARNET. with the church some six years. After him. BY. KEY. JAMES BEATTIE. Rev. E. H. Caswell was acting pastor about three years. In 1854, Rev. E. Cleaveland This congregation was organized in 1840, the began to preach to this church, and continued year that Rev. James Milligan was disjoined two years. March 5, 1856, Rev. B. F. Ray was from Ryegate. It then consisted of about ten ordained, and dismissed Aug. 30, 1859. In members. It was in a short time increased by December following. Rev. M. B. Bradford, the the accession of members of the Ryegate congre- present pastor, commenced his labors. gation, who resided in that vicinity. It united This church is now situated near the border with Ryegate, in 1844, in giving Rev. James of the town, and is made up in part by mem- M. Beattic a call, when there were 25 members, bers from Ryegate, Vt., and from Munroe and in regular standing. Mr. Beattie, who con- Bath, in N. H., who find it convenient to attend tinues to be their pastor, preaches alternately to worship at Mclndoes Falls. the two congregations, the two meeting-houses being five miles distant from each other. In this BAPTIST CHURCH. congregation there is a flourishing Sabbath EBV. A. HOUSE. school. The people contribute liberally to the BY H. different schemes of the church. By very liberal Barnet, originally settled by Scotch Presbyte- exertions they have recently repaired the meet- rians, had no other religious organization for ing-house, which is in the southwest part of the several years. Prior to 1811, there was a small town. Since the settlement of the present pastor Baptist Church, called " Bamet and Ryegate " there have been 48 additions. There are at pre- Church to which Elder Bailey — still remem- sent 58 communicants. bered with Christian love — ministered for some ;; ; 300 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. time. (For twenty-four years before ho became toiled so much, will soon become extinct ! Elders Baptist, he had been a Cougregatioualist ; but, Davidson, Men-iam, Ide, and Green have gone believing it liis duly to be baptized by immer- ivome. The rest of the pastors who have served sion, submitted to the rite, and united with tlic this church arc still in the field. I regret I am Baptist Church at Danville.) He was a labo- not able to give a short sketch of the life of rious minister, and often blessed with revivals. Elder Mcniam, who is remembered with so The time of his death I do not know. Nor do I much aft'ection by all M'ho sat uudcr his minis- deem it a matter of importance. Ho lived a try while pastor of the churrli in tliis place. I Christian, — best record that can be made of would also speak of Elder J. Ide, did I not ex- any man, — and died, I doubt not, in the faith. pect a sketch of his honorable and useful life The Baptist Church in Passumpsic Village, would be furnished with the history of Coventry, in the north part of Bamet, was formed in where he labored many years, and where he was 1811 ; but its place of worship has always been ordained to the work of the ministiy. I will close in Barnet Village, and its members have be- this meagre sketch of our church — which is longed to different towns, principally St. Johns- perhaps akeady too long — with a brief notice bury, "Waterford, Danville, Ryegate, and Groton. of its first pastor. Elder Silas Davidson, who At one time there was in Groton quite a branch was bom in Pomfret, Ct., November, 1766. He of the Passumpsic Chm-ch, which was subse- came to Vermont in 1779. He united v.'ilh the quently organized into an independent church. Baptist Church in Hartland, in 1795. In 1798, The records of the church at Passumpsic are in he moved to Waterford, and soon began minis- such a state I cannot state positively the number terial laboi% there, and was instrumental in of members when organized. As near as I can gathering a small chm-ch in that town, which, ascertain, however, there were some eight or ten. after a few years, was blended mth the church The whole number received into the church was at Passumpsic, with which he himself united ; its pastor, 508 baptized, 333 ; present number (Nov. 1, in 1811, and was ordained July 1, 1861), 74. This church has had ten pastors, 1812, and for 19 years and 3 months after, he viz : Silas Davidson, George B. Ide, D. D., honorably sustained that relation; faithfully now of Springfield, Mass., J. Merriam, B. Bur- preaching Christ as the only hope of the guilty. rows, Levi Smith, John Ide, N. W. Smith, A. He dwelt among his people, and, at his own Boardman, and A. H. House. The average request, was dismissed. Few men have been length of the pastoral relation, nearly 5 years more useful. He was a Baptist from principle, the fii-st pastor 19 years and 3 months, the — sound in the faith, — unswerving to the last last pastor now in Ms 7th year. The church but a lover of all who loved the Lord Jesus. has licensed and ordained six ministers, While he possessed not the advantages of an some of whom are in heaven, and some oc- early education, his sermons were eminently cupying important places in the church mili- acceptable to those whose minds were better cul- tant. The average number of baptisms per tivated, for he studied the Booh, quoted, with year, during the history of the church, is six great accuracy, the Book, and the Book was his and a fraction. The church has been blessed guide through life. He was, moreover, a true with a number of precious revivals. In 1816, friend of education; and all the benevolent thkty-fire were baptized; in 1828, forty-eight associations of the day had his prayers and sin- in 1831, fifty-eight; in 1833, twenty; and in cere co-operation. Indeed, a devout man and 1839, sixty-three. While some of these have an excellent counsellor, few churches have been turned backward, many, we trust, will be saved better instructed in theii* duty than this, of which in the day of Chiist. There were several years, he was so long pastor ; and no man did more in which cveiy year more or less were bap- for the association to wliich he belonged, for tized. There has been, however, no general which he was moderator six times, clerk twelve revival since 1839. During the ministrations of times, and preached its introductory sermon four the first pastor, dependence, under God, was times. Three of his sons entered the ministry, placed on the ordinary means of grace, and God though but one lived to be ordained, and these did not disappoint the expectations of liis peo- all went before him to rest. He died in clear ple. But since his day, more dependence has hope of eternal life, at his residence in Water- been placed on extraordinary, — on exciting ford, May 16, 1842, aged 76. His memoiy " esto measures, and we have been shown, what the perpetua." writer has always believed, that such a course is not wise. If the Lord does not renew his work, EXTRACTS FROM AN ADDRESS BEFORE THE CALEDOKIA COUNTY AGKICULTUIIAL SO- this church, which has done so much for the CIETY, AT THE ANNUAL FAIR HELD AT truth, which has been so honorable among her ST. JOHNSBURY PLAIN, OCT. 2, 1845. sister chm-ches, which for a long time was a BY HENRY STEVENS, ESQ. model church for its discipline and benevolence, wliich has always been blessed with good men By turning to the census of this State, A. D. for its deacons, for whose welfare the Clarks, 1790, 1800, 1810, it will be found that at each the Woods, the Parks, and the Browns have census which was taken at those periods, the ; BAENET. 301 people of Vermont possessed more sheep accord- wool shorn, and one shilling for every yard of ing to their popiilation than any other State. linen or tow cloth manufactured. This policy Our household manufactures amounted to much soon caused the balance of trade to become in more, according to our population, than any favor of the State, — paper issues redeemed, pri- other State. The census shows that the inhabi- vate debts paid, and the State Treasurer soon tants of the town of Danville manufactured reported a balance in the ti-easury of $14,000 in 26,907 yards of linen cloth, 1,214 yards of silver and gold cotton, aiid 16,128 yards of woollen cloth We may with propriety speak of the patriot- Peacham, 13,608 yards of linen, 2,119 of cotton, ism and heroic acts of Chittenden, Allen, and and 9,824 yards of woollen cloth ; St. Johns- Warner, and others of our citizens, in the cabi- buiy, 16,505 of linen, 1,179 cotton, 9,431 wool- net, and in the field of action. We also must len ; Barnet, 5,535 yards linen, 319 cotton, remember that at that period our mothers and 10,830 of Avoollen cloth. Caledonia County, at sisters were cultivating the fields, harvesting the that period, contained 23 towns, population crops, and, by hand, manufacturing for their 18,740; number of sheep, 34,587 ; woollen cloth household. That spirit of enterprise and perse- manufactured, more than 7 yards to each person. verance on the part of our mothers yet runs in All kinds of cloth of household manufacture the veins of many of those who are termed the averaged more than 19 yards to each inhabitant. better half. Their workmanship, exhibited to The whole quantity manufactured in this county, us this day, is sufficient to satisfy us that they in 1810, was 360,516 yards. The number of are yet willing to contribute their proportion in females over 15 years of age was 4;485 ; there- i-endering old Caledonia independent of our fore, they manufactured more than 80 yards of sister States, or foreign Countries cloth each. There were 1,419 looms. The aver- Vermont can raise as fine wool as any section age quantity of cloth wove in each was more than of the world. Our mountains furnish pasturage 254 yards. The estimated value of household of the best kind, and roll down their thousand manufactures for eacl;i female over 15 years of streams to aid us in its manufacture. Our State age, in 1810, was more than $40. abounds with ores, and with forests for the Again, since Vermont was admitted into the miners and colliers, ample for the manufacture of Federal Union, her delegates in Congress have iron in all its varieties, and equal to the calls of been the fast and firm friends in favor of encour- the State consumption, and ultimately, for export. aging industry, and promoting domestic manu- Our Country and our State should follow up the factures. As a people, we have, from the time mode of policy which is pursued by the greatest our fathers declared the New Hampshire Grants manufacturing interest in the world. We should a free and independent State, 15th January, A.D. sit on our wool-sacks, in order to encourage the 1777, pursued this policy. It was the pursuing wool-grower. We should give bounties, and of tliis policy that enabled our fathers to meet grant prohibitions until the branches of our the expenses of the Revolutionary War, to redeem manufacturing rise to an equal level with other the then paper issues at par, and the only State orders graduated to the wants they supply. that ever did redeem their paper issues were at a No governor of this State has at any time, in discount of $40 for one. Not a single bill of his message to the General Assembly, put forth purchase of woollen blankets or woollen gar- any sentiments other than in favor of industry, ments, out of the State, for our brave soldiers economy, and the protection of the agricultural, during the Revolutionary War, has yet been dis- mechanical, and manufacturing interest. You covered. may take a candle, and search the archives of Our mothers manufactured cloth for garments, every State in this Union, and you will find no and blankets for their husbands and sons, when better lessons of wisdom in favor of the great and at home, or in the field of action. Our mothers leading intererest of the State and of this Union, would say to their husbands and sons, on their than are recorded in the archives of the Green leaving for the army, " My dear, if anything Mountain State. I hope the time wiU come should happen that you do not return, you will when every freeman will be furnished with the direct that my blanket be sent back." annual messages of our past governors, the an- Soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, swers on the part of the Assembly, and reports of our country was flooded with goods of the man- committees relating to the agricultural, mechani- ufacture of foreign countries, which soon drained cal, manufacturing, and other leading interests of the country of most of the solid coin. Paper our State and Country. currency, State and government securities be- Shall we who love to laud the deeds of our came nearly Avorthless. Tender laws and ap- ancestors, and who live by the result of their praisement laws became the order of the day toil, be content with less intelligence, or less pat- throughout the Union. The General Assembly of riotism ? A State exists in its history. this State, as early as 1786, passed a law, say- Take away the memory of the past, and what ing that for the encouragement of domestic man- remains ? A name, and only a name. Take ufactures, the owner of sheep should be credited away the example and the recorded wisdom oa his list two shillings for every pound of of the past, and what ray of light would be ; 302 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. left for our g:uidaiico 1 What could we do but rait. The summit of this mountain towers nearly gropo in darkness and inexperience, and wander 3000 feet above the bed of Passumpsic River. It in the maze of perpetual childhood 1 If we are is mostly covered with a small growth of ever- bound to respect the claims of posterity, we like- green. Along the western base arc many good ^Yise owe a debt to our ancestors farms. A small house has lately been built on the summit, for the accommodation of visitors, by Mr. Joseph S. Hall, an enterprising citizen of BURKE. this place, from which a picturesque and deUght- ful view of the surrounding country can be A. BURINGTON, ESQ. BY taken. While adverse winds and tempests lower, The original grantees of this town were a com- like mountains tower, And fortune's frowns pany of 05, mostly, if not all, inhabitants of the They boldly brave stern winter's power. county of Litchfield, Conn., among whom were a One individual alone remains of the veteran number of females. A grant or charter was dated band of hardy pioneers who inhabited the town Februaiy 6, 1782, and signed by Thomas Cliit- of Burke the eight years succeeding the first set- tenden, Governor, and Joseph Fay, Secretaiy, in tlement, and this individual is a female, worn and behalf of the freemen of the State of Vermont, broken by a life of toil. granting to said company the exclusive right to Yet, with the records and papers in the ar- form and incorporate the same into a township, on chives of the town, and what still lives in story, certain specified conditions. In the year 1787, we hope to collate and embody as many local Seth Spencer and Uriah Seymour, the latter be- facts and incidents as time and circumstances will ing one of the original proprietors, proceeded in pei-mit. Burke, in the N. E. part of Caledonia the allotment of said township, and surveyed the County, is bounded N. by Newark and E. Haven same into shares or Eights as they were called, each (in Essex Co.),E. by Victory (inEssex Co.) and share or right containing 300 acres, the town be- Ivh-by, S. by Lyndon, and W. by Sutton. The ing first divided into two divisions, and a lot in town originally contained a little over 6 miles each division of ICO acres was assigned to each square, including a gore of about 3,400 acres, proprietor, reserving five rights, or one lot in each lying easterly of Lyndon, and formerly called division, for public uses, viz : one riglit for the first Burke Tongue. In 1 807, the Legislature annexed settled minister, one for the minister's support, this gore to the township of Kirby, leaving the one for common English schools, one for an present area of Burke about 20,320 acres, in the academy in the county, and one for a seminary form of an irregular octagon, the surface some- or college in the State of Vermont. what uneven, rising between the rivers into high The first settlement of the town commenced in ridges, three in number, running in a northerly 1794, by Lemuel Walter, from Litchfield County, and southerly direction through the town, and Conn. The year following, several families, mostly covered with a heavy growth of hard wood, mostly from Connecticut, settled. Owing to the among which a large proportion of sugar maple inconveniences ever attendant upon a settlement abounds. In the valleys bordering on the streams of a new country, these worthy pioneers had to hardships, sufierings, and priva- the timber is mostly evergreen, among which is endure many some cedar and a small quantity of pine. The tions. The badness of the roads, the lack of privileges of almost every description, rendered soil is various ; the ridges or hills mostly contain obtain necessary a deep rich loam, and are well adapted to agricul- it A^ery difficult, many times, to families, St. tural pursuits. In the valleys, in some localities, supplies for themselves and Johns- being the nearest place where they the soil is composed of a mixture of sand and bm-y then distance gravel, but bordering on the streams are some could be accommodated, a of 16 or first inhab- meadows of a deep alluvial soil, and very fertile. 17 miles. Almost the whole of the followed the pursuit of agri- Generally, the soil is well adapted to grazing, and itants of the town period of five or six years some of the finest and best cattle and sheep found culture, and for the done in the immediate in market are raised in this town. little other business was ThePassumpsic River, a branch of Connecticut vicinity. During many years, the inhabitants logs, covered with River, i-uns through this town, and is divided into lived in cabins built of and two branches, called the East and West branches bark peeled from spruce trees, and were often one passing near the eastern, and the other near doomed, especially in the winter seasons, to en- ; they had the western part of the town. Into these branches^ dure cold and hunger for, being poor, procure comfortable which unite their waters in the town of Lyndon, not the requisite means to families flow several tributary streams, on which are clothing to screen themselves and prop- many excellent water privileges adapted to the erly from the rigors of a northern climate. Cliii- in winter days various purposes of mechanical arts. drcn would frequently be seen snow, and otherwise At the eastern extremity of the township is a running barefooted in the mountain bearing the name of Burke Mountain, but poorly clad, sleeping on straw beds or the in the upper loft of lying partly in Burke and partly in Victory; the skins of animals, at night, cabins, whose roofs, by the iu- line between the towns crossing near the sum- their bark-covered ; BURKE. 303 fluence of the sun's rays, would but poorly considerable distance. At that time, most of shield them from the.rain and snow, or the blasts the inhabitants owned but one cow, and for of a wintry storm. Sometimes these cabins many years the only pasture which they had for would have no chimney save a few boards fas- their cattle consisted of the forest, and not un- tened together in a conical form through which frequently they would ramble to a considerable to convey the smoke. Sometimes they would distance, in which case the only guide the OAvner have backs, as they were called, built against the had in seeking them was the sound of the bell, logs at one end of their dwellings ; but many fastened with a leather strap to the neck of a fa- were destitute of this appendage, and had noth- vorite cow. I have heard of several instances in ing for a substitute but logs of wood, which this town, in the early stages of its settlement, when bm-nt away were replaced by others. Of- of inhabitants being beset by bears in their ram- tentimes these wooden chimneys would take fire bles in search of their cattle. Wolves, it is pre- but, to use the common adage, " Necessity is the sumed, were not as plenty here as in many other mother of invention." Most families had an places, still their flocks of sheep, though small, instrument familiarly called a "squirt-gun," of a were sometimes annoyed by them. Yet wild large size, through which a considerable quan- animals, in another sense, were of benefit, espe- tity of water could be emitted to any part of cially bears, as their flesh, many times, served in their dwellings. This was the only engine made part to furnish the inhabitants with meat, which use of in those days for extinguishing fire in from domestic animals was very scarce, and their dwellings, and reminds the writer of an their skins were used for moccasins and various anecdote which he heard related many years ago. other purposes. Sometimes they were hunted At a certain time, Lemuel Walter, the first in- in the woods, and sometimes they Avere caught habitant of the town, was sitting at his table in in traps when visiting corn-fields, or by guns set his log cabin, with a wooden chimney, at noon- in corn-fields, or by watching or lying in wait for day, taking his frugal meal, when a stranger on them ; various ways and means being resorted to, horseback rode up to his door, and with an ear- to entrap and destroy them. Moose and deer hunt- nest voice enquired, " Sir, do you know that ing was also resorted to, to supply the deficit of your house is on fire 1 " Ah, said the owner, meat. The countiy north of this town for many well, no matter, I will see to it as soon as I have miles, at that time, was an unbi'okcn Avilderncss, finished my dinner. " But," said the stranger, wliere moose and deer were found in great num- "yoxir house will all be in flames before that bers. It is the nature of these animals, in the time." Be not alarmed, sir, said Walter, I am Avinter season, to herd together in considerable used to fire and have no fears. Thank you, sir, numbers, especially when the snow is very deep, for your trouble. " If you are disposed to stay which circumstance greatly facilitated the means there and let your house burn down over your of taking them. The most hardy of the vet- head," rejoined the stranger, "it is no business eran settlers would resort thither on snow-shoes of mine," and rode off, and left the owner to as soon as a suflScient depth of snow had fallen, take care of Ms own house. Whereupon, Wal- and surprise and slay them, and after dressing ter deliberately took his squirt-gun and soon ex- them select the best part of the flesh for food, tinguished the fire. and carry it on then- backs a distance of 7 or 8 Perhaps many circumstances and events might miles, throixgh the wilderness, to their homes. be here related touching the character and con- jSTot unfrequently a man would carry a burden dition of the first settlers of the town which of 100 lbs. But they soon grew wise by expe- might serve to interest the reader ; but lest the rience, and furnished themselves with a kind of writer should extend this part of the history be- hand sled made expressly for the purpose, the yond its proper limits, it will not be prudent, timber of which was made very light, and tlie perhaps, to dwell much longer on this descrip- runners, being 5 or 6 inches in width, prevented it tion ; yet may not be amiss to relate some of their sinking in the snow to a very grent depth. the trials and perplexities our venerable fathers On these a man would draw more than double had to encounter, and the labor and toil which the quantity that he could carry on his back, they experienced in subduing the forests, and and the labor was not so hard. These kinds of braving the dangers and vicissitudes to which sleds are used by many at the present time in their condition exposed them. tins vicinity, and still retain the name of inoose- Besides the labor and privations with which sleds. Eor weeks, many times, they would re- they then had to struggle, the country at that main in the woods, sleeping by night on hem- time was considerably infested with wolves, pan- lock boughs for beds, and in camps, as they were thers and bears, which rendered it somewhat called, made of poles and covered -with boughs, dangerous many times to venture a great dis- and subsisting on the flesh of wild animals, and tance from home without being properly n.rmcd perhaps a little bread carried from home. These and equipped to meet a deadly foe in the charac- camps were warmed by a fire made in front of ter of some ferocious and hungry wild beast. them, one side of which was left open for that Still they were often under the necessity of jour- pui-pose. The skins of these animals, after be- neying into the wilderness, and sometimes to a ing partially tanned by a process of t;:eir own ; 304 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. iuventinjr, were much used for beds, being spread ORGANIZATION OF BURKE. upon the ground or floor of their cabins. "Wliole Joseph Lord, of St. Johnsbury, a Justice of families of children would sleep upon them be- the Peace for the County of Orange, on applica- fire, with as much seeming com- fore the warm tion of a number of the inhabitants of Burke, posure as though they were reposing on a bed of set up a notification, warning the inhabitants of down. said town to meet at the dwtUing-house of Lem- Vai-ioas other means were resorted to at that uel Walter, in Burke, on the 5th day of Decem- to obtain the necessary supplies for the sus- time ber, 1796, for the purpose of organizing said tenance of their families. One of these con- town, and electing the officers thereof as required sisted in making salts from the ashes of wood. by law. At said meeting, Lemuel Walter was lands that were first cleared were cov- The new elected Moderator and Town Clerk unanimously; lieavy growth of hard wood, and ered ynth a Baniabas Thurber, Godfrey Jones, and Lemuel clearing their lauds of this timber the when Walter, Selectmen, and L-a Walter Constable. ashes made from the wood were collected and On the 23d day of March, follo^^^ng, a meeting put into leaches, generally made of hollow logs, was duly warned and holden for the election of cut from the trunks of hollow trees, and after town officers, and the transaction of other busi- being thoroughly leached, the lye was boiled in ness appertaining to said town. Lemuel Walter small kettles, generally holding no more than 12 was re-elected Town Clerk ; Barnabas Thui-bcr, gallons, to a consistence called salts hje. or 14 of David Colfix, and Godfi-ey Jones, Selectmen These were generally transported to St. Johns- Ii-a Walter, Constable ; and Barnabas Thurber, and sold from to 54 per 100 lbs. ; the bm-y, S3 Surveyor of Highways. Thenceforward, to the applied in purchasing the avails of which were present time, meetings have been held annually, for family consumption. These necessary articles in the month of March, for the election of town salts, after being sold, were manufactured into officers, and the transaction of the business of pearlash, and transported to Boston, or pot or the town. A freemen's meeting was warned and other market. Most of the men who were some holden on the first Tuesday of September, 1801, in hunting found employment in not engaged for the purpose of giving their votes for State business during a large portion of the win- this officers; and in December, 1802, a freemen's business of making these salts ter season. The meeting was holden for the purpose of electing continued for several years after the town was a Representative to Congress. At a freemen's settled, wlien a different dispo- was considerably meeting in Sept. 1805, Thomas Bartlott M'as sition was made in this branch of business. elected the first Representative for General As- by the name of Dan. White, who emi- A man sembly of Vermont, to which office he was grated from Tomnford, Litchfield Co., Ct., in elected the two succeeding years. about 1 purchased a small farm, on which or 800, In the year 1801, the first sehoolhouse was he labored for several years, then purchased a erected near the centre of the town, which aa- few goods and opened a small store in a room swered the double purpose of a school and town in his dwelling-house, built a small potash, and house. Thomas Bartlett taught the first school exchanged his merchandise for ashes and other in the winter of 1802. Schools were taught in produce. These ashes were manufactured into this house for 8 years, and the scholars came potash and transported to Portland, Me., with a from nearly all parts of the town, some of them two-horse waggon through the Notch of the White a distance of 3 miles. In 1803, the town was Mountains in New Hampshire, and exchanged divided into 7 school districts, but no schools for such articles of merchandise as the people were established, or schoolhouses erected in any most needed. At that time, the road to Port- other part of the town, till the year 1809; in land was extremely bad, especially through the that year another house was built, and schools Notch of the mountains, and twelve to fifteen taught therein. Other districts soon followed hundred was considered to be a full load for a the example, and schools were discontinued at span of horses. In a few years, however, (the the old house ; still it was occupied for a town thinks writer about 1805), White sold his inter- house till 1825. There are now 11 school dis- est in the Potash to Chandler, Bigelow & Co., tricts, all of which have schoolhouses, and of Putney, who built a small store, and brought schools are taught from 4 to 9 months each year. their merchandise from Boston, and manufac- Select scliools, for improvement in the liigher tured their ashes into pearlash, and considerably branches of learning, are generally taught 3 enlarged the manufacturing of that article of months in a year in some of these districts. commerce. For many succeeding years this ar- Roman Pyler, an enterprising citizen of the ticle was manufactured on a more enlarged scale town of Winchester, Litchfield Co., Ct., emigrat- by successive merchants, and even until the tim- ed to this to^^^l in 1800, and commenced the build- ber was so much used up that it could not lon- ing of a saw and grist mill on a small stream of ger be spared for that purpose. At the present water near the centre of the town, where the time, the business is almo.-^t wholly discontinued village of Burke Hollow is now located, which in this section of country. gave a new impetus to afiiiirs. But the new saw- BURKE. 305 mill had but just commenced running when it (Eor a description of Burke East Village, see took fire and was laid -in ashes. This unfortu- Rev. R. Godding's article.) nate circumstance was severely felt by the inhab- Burke West Village is situated near the west- itants generally, but the untiring enterprise and em exti-emity of the town, on the west branch perseverance of the owner, in spite of many of Passumpsic River, at the junction where obstacles, soon found means to repair the injury. another stx-eam of water, called Trull's Mill In 1802, another saw-mill was erected and put Stream, unites with the Passumpsic, and near the in operation, which served to supply the inhab- depot on the Connecticut and Passumpsic Riv- itants with lumber for several years. After this ers Rail Road, which passes through the western saw-mill had been in operation several years, it part of this town. About 28 years since, Joel was torn down, and another built in the same Trull, Esq., of this town, purchased a water place by the same owner, and occupied by him privilege, where the village is now located, and until his death in 1828. A now grist-mill was built a grist and saw mill, where a large portion also built near where the old one stood, bj' the of the inhabitants of the town of Sutton could same individual, in 1817, and occupied by him be better accommodated than at any other place. while he lived. In 1845, another mill was built, The place improved but slowly for several years. on a larger scale, by a company formed for that In time, however, a number of dwelling-houses pui'pose, which is now in successful operation. were built, and a store opened by Daniel Beck- Other mills have since been erected from time to with, Esq., who, with his sons, stiU carries on time, and there are now 3 grist-mills, 8 saw-mills, quite an extensive business in the mercantile line. 3 starch factories, 2 carriage shops, 2 planing In 1857, the above mentioned railroad was ex- machines, 1 clothing shop, and 1 carding ma- tended through this to-ivn, and a depot was lo- chine, within the limits of the town ; and various cated near the village, wHch soon gave a new other machinery for artificial purposes. impetus to the business transactions of this little The oldest person deceased in town was Reu- village. Large quantities of lumber are annu- ben Lippingwell, who died about 30 years since, ally brought to this place from the surrounding in the 99th year of his age. The oldest person country, to be transported on the railroad to now living is Esther Walter, the widow of Ira other markets. Present population probably Walter, one of the first settlers of the town, and about 30 families, and 150 inhabitants. Within the first constable,— the widow being now in her the limits of the village, there is now but 1 87th year. Chloe Jones, daughter of Godfrey store where business is done, 1 hotel, 1 school- and Sally Jones, was the first born in town; house, 1 carriage shop, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, and Willard Spencer, son of Ranney and Cyn- 1 starch mill, and 2 shoe and boot manufactur- first thia Spencer, the male child, who is now a ers. At no distant time, this little village is des- prominent citizen. The first death was an in- tined to become the largest in town, owing to its fant of Godfrey and Sally Jones. The first proximity to the railroad. marriage on the records of the tovra, John Dr. Samuel Putnam was the first physician. Woodruff and Esther Barbour, man-ied Dec. He commenced practice here in 1804, and re- 4th, 1799. mained till 1808, when George W. Denison There are three small villages, known as Burke came and established himself as physician ; and Hollow, Burke East Village, and Burke West Putnam went to Newbury, and soon after died. Village. Burke HoUow is the oldest, and situ- He was elected town clei-k in 1805, which office ated near the centre, on a stream of water called he held 3 years. Fyler's Mill Stream, from the circumstance that By the census of 1850, the number of inhab- Roman Eyler built the first mills in town on tliis itants was 1103; and in 1860, 1138. stream, as already related. There are about 30 families, mostly mechanics and laborers. The RELIGIOUS DEPARTMENT. village has increased very slowly for several BAPTISTS. years past, owing, perhaps, in a great measure, (For a history of this denomination, see Rev. to the settlement and growth of the other two R. Godding's contribution.) villages in different parts of the town, which possess many local and superior advantages. METHODISTS. There is 1 meeting-house, a union house, and In 1804, a circuit was formed by the Metho- 1 schoolhouse, in the village ; 2 stores, a grist- dist Conference, embracing the County of Cale- mill, a starch mill, a clothing machine, a card- donia, and in 1805, a preacher by the name of ing machine, a carriage shop, a post office, 3 James Young appointed to this circuit, who shoe and boot makers, a blacksmith, 2 physi- preached in Burke occasionally, the writer thinks cians, a harness maker, and 1 lawyer. David once in 4 weeks. In 1806, an associate preacher, Chadwick, Esq., is the only attorney at law who by the name of HolHs Sampson, was appointed has ever had a permanent residence in the toym. to this field ; and Young and Sampson held The village probably contains about 150 inhab- meetings alternately at stated times. The wri- itants. ter thinks they continued this about 2 years, and 306 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. were then transferred to another field, and other stances no accessions were made, and its few laborers appointed. In this manner, alternately members had become greatly lessened by deaths chang;ing, new preachers were successively ap- and removals. pointed to this important chai'ge, but no society In September, 1848, the church was again re- or class formed, for the space of 10 successive newed, and Rev. L. H. Tabor employed for one- years. Li the year 1815, Rev. Zenas Adams half of the time. Under the influence of this was appointed to this charge, and remained 2 cflieient pastor, an increased interest was soon years, during which time he formed a class. discernible. The church consisted of about 30 There are no available records that describe the members, and the society soon numbered 110. number, yet the writer is aware that it must have The labors of this worthy pastor were contin- been very small. But from this time foi-ward, ued 6 years, when he was dismissed by his own the societies have been supplied with preachers, request, to the regret of the greater portion of and success has, in a great measui'e, attended the people of his charge. Since that time, there their efforts, and several successive re^^vals en- has been no settled pastor over this church, but larged the borders of their spiritual Zion. Ow- various clerg}Tnen employed for a poition of the ing to the increase in numbers, and the extent in time, and sometimes they have been destitute the field of labor, in 1824 the circuit was divided some length of time. Among those employed into two parts, designated as the Danville and was Rev. John E. Palmer, an aged father in Lyndon circuits, and a definite number of preach- the ministry, who commenced his labors as a ers were assigned to each of these respective de- minister of the gospel in early life, and for many partments. At the present time, the Sutton and years was an able preacher in the Baptist de- Burke charge, so called, consists of 236 members, nomination ; but after much deliberation, his of which 124 are residents of Burke. The fonner religious views ha^ving become changed, Methodist financial society of male members, thenceforth he became an advocate of the final for several years past, will probably average holiness and consequent happiness of all our about 60. race. He is now in the winter of life, and feels UNIVERSALISTS. sensibly the effects of age and infirmity; yet, During the period of 20 years and upwards, notwithstanding, preaches occasionally to good subsequent to the first settlement of Burke, acceptance. there were a few among the inhabitants who Rev. Alson Scott, of Lyndon, now supplies were believers in the final holiness and happi- the desk every fom-th Sabbath, to good accep- ness of the human race; yet no efibrts were tance ; still, the society has been on the decline made to embody themselves into a separate de- since they dispensed \vith the labors of Rev. L. nomination, hence they united with others of a H. Tabor. The society now numbers about 80 different belief, — went to their meetings, and members. gave their influence and support as they deemed CONGREGATIONALISTS. most proper. Occasionally, however, a preacher During several years subsequent to the first of that doctrine would visit the place and preach settlement of this town, there were inhabitants a short time, perhaps one or two Sabbaths ; and who cherished the fundamental doctrines of this additions were made to their numbers, and their denomination, several of whom had formerly means were increased. united ynth. Congregational churches in other they did On the 20th of March, 1815, a meeting was places ; but their numbers were so small called, and a society organized, — 44 citizens of not deem it expedient to organize into a sepa- the town enrolling their names as members rate society, but mostly gave their support to thereof. From that time foi-ward, various preach- the Baptist denomination, then the only organ- ers were employed, generally for a portion of the ized order in the town. time, but no settled pastor secured for several In the year 1807, 11 in number of males and succeeding years. In September, 1827, a church females covenanted together in church fellow- was formed, which at first consisted of only 9 ship, called the Congregational Church in Burke. members, and Rev. Daniel Wellman, a citizen Rev. John Fitch, pastor of the Congregational of the town, was oi'dained as their pastor, who Church in Danville, officiated at the organiza- preached most of the time for about 5 years, and tion, and preached with them one Sabbath. then removed to the State of Ohio, where he still Oct. 6, 1 808, a meeting of the male members of lives at an advanced age. This worthy man had this church was holden, and William Barbour previously been a preacher in the Free-will Bap- chosen deacon, and Orentus Brownson, clerk. at tist denomination for several years ; but after his Thenceforward meetings were held various views on religious subjects became changed, he times for the transaction of the ordinary busi- henceforth preached the new doctrine he had cm- ness of the church, and to aid in the prosperity braced, ever sustaining the character of an ex- of the cause; but owing to the smallness of emplaiy Christian. The church and society, their number, and the want of means, tlie church being thus destitute of a pastor, depended, as for a long time labored under many disadvan- previously, on hiring preachers a portion of the tages. Missionaries Avould sometimes spend a time, for about 15 years. Under these circum- short time with them, and sometimes the little — BL~RKE. 307 church would tax their means almost beyond ward, yet having his reward in the conscious- their ability to procure the services of some ness of ft^lfilling the design of his creation, and neighboring clergyman. But they persevered in in the respect, confidence and love of his fcUow- the cause they had espoused, and, notwithstand- men. Perhaps no man ever lived in town who ing death and removals thinned their ranks, still was more generally respected and beloved. continued to increase gradually, though, at times, Physically, he was a fine specimen of manly very slowly, till the year 1834, when Eev. beauty, being above the common height, well Thomas W. Duncan was employed for a time, proportioned, and very straight. His carriage the writer thinks for one year. The drooping Avas full of ease and dignity, and his countenance spirits of the chm-ch, and its friends, under his but the reflection of his heart. In 1824, he went ministration, soon began to revive, and addi- to his rest. tions were made to their numbers. In Novem- BENJAMIN BELDEN, ber, 1839, he was installed pastor; but a short Born in Farmington, Ct., in 1756 ; first came requested to be dis- time after his installation into this town in 1792, as an agent for distant ^ church, missed, which, by vote of the was land proprietors. He paid the town a visit every granted. He was succeeded by Rev. S. M. year on business for his employers, until 1805, Wheelock, who continued 2 years, and was suc- when he became a permanent settler. He was remained about ceeded by Eev. John Clark, who first married about the year 1780, to Miss Rhoda 10 years. For some time after Mr. Clark's dis- Phelps, who died in 1783. In 1790, he was mission, they had only occasional preaching, till again married to Miss Sally Woodruff, who died that time. Rev. Edward P. Good- 1859. Since in 1831. He died July 9, 1820. win supplied the desk — who was ordained Nov. FYLER, 10th, 1859 — till Oct,, 1860, when he removed ROMAN to Ohio. Eev. M. Underwood now supplies Born in Winstead, Ct., in 1768 ; mamed to Sally this church. Present number of members about Lyman in . In 1799, moved with his fam- 60. ily, consisting of his wife and four children, to Burke, and located on what is now called Burke BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Green, a ridge of land running N. and S. through the town, dividing it nearly in the centre. Here BY S. N. WELCH. he built him a log house, and commenced the CAPT. DANIEL NEWELL laborious work of a pioneer. There was at that in Ct., in 1755. Was bom Farmington, In , time no grist-mill nearer than Lyndon, and he, as he moved to Tinmouth in this State, where he well as other settlers, was often under the neces- resided until he moved to this town. While re- sity of going to Bamet to pm-chase grain and siding in Tinmouth, he was chosen captain of bringing it to Lyndon to be ground, and from the artillery company there, and retained in that thence home, his path guided by marked trees. capacity until his removal. In 1800, he removed In 1801, he built the first grist-miU in town, and to this town, and settled on what is called the subsequently added 2 grist-mills and 2 saw-mills. "West Hill." In 1803, he met with a serious accident in one He was, while a resident of this town, often of his mills, having his foot and ankle severely chosen to fill town ofiices, such as justice of the crushed, which troubled him more or less to the peace, selectman, lister, etc., and he always dis- close of his life. He was one of the company charged Ms duty with fidelity and despatch. He that, about the year 1806, built the road through raised a family of 10 cliildren, — 8 now living, the Notch of the White Mountains in N. H. He the youngest of whom is Dr. Selim Newell, of also formed one of the company that built the St. Johnsbury. Another (Isaac) was a Baptist turnpike through the town of Barnet. He was preacher, for a long time settled over the Baptist one of the "early few" who represented the town Society at Danville Green, Vt., but moved in " olden times ; " was also town clerk a number West about the year 1836, where he died. of years, besides holding many other offices of In his religious sentiments, the Captain was a trust, always discharging his duty Mdth fidelity Baptist, and one who exemplified his religion by and zeal. In religious sentiments he favored the dispensing with a liberal hand to the poor and Methodists, of which his wife was a member. In needy, — consoling the afilicted, encouraging the physical proportions he was almost gigantic. It faint-hearted, — in short, by obeying the injunc- has been asserted, moreover, that he was the tion, "Do unto others as ye would that others strongest man ever in town. He died in the should do unto you." Possessed of a kind year 1828. heart and a large share of " sociaKty," he was ever a welcome guest in every circle, whether of HON. GEO. W. DENISON, M.D., old or young, rich or poor. Moreover, he was a Born in Hartland, Oct. 16, 1779 ; about the year very public-spirited man ; and, while unostenta- 1803, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. tious in all his acts, always one of the first to en- Fuller, of Cavendish ; in 1806, went into partner- gage in any work whereby the community might ship with Dr. Fuller; practised with him one be benefited, without asking or expecting re- year; and in 1807, moved to Burke, and pur- 308 \t:rmont historical magazine. chased the farm, upon which he lived imtil his he was often called upon to ofiSciato at funerals, death. speak on the Fourth of July, etc. He was the first Congregational church ; first town Believing it was not good for man to be alone, deacon of the first repreiJcntative of the town, in 1805 in 1813 he was married, at Lyndon, to Miss clerk; ; Sally Jenks. From 1808 to 1813, he was town planted the first apple-trees, and raised therefrom clerk; in 1822 and '23, was elected town repre- the first apples in town. Physically, he was a sentative, and in 1837 was chosen one of the little above the common height, spare, and very assistant judges of the County Com-t, which straight, and retained his faculties in a remark- liis death, office he held two years. able degree to the time of Juno 19, His wife died January 25, 1843. One of their 1857. A man who was esteemed by all who anoth- liim, for the excellence of his principles, sons is a practising physician in Illinois ; knew er, a lawyer of considerable repute in Washing- can be truly wi-itten of him. ton Territory, was formerly Judge of the County is ASAHEL BURINGTON, ESQ., Court in Los Angelos County, Cal. ; another their native Of Burke, is one of those individuals so identi- now in California ; two remain in is in fied with the general history of the town, of town, one upon the old homestead ; another formerly a whom a brief sketch, at the least, is requisite to Canada ; Charles 0. (deceased) was complete the history thereof. citizen of B. practising physician at Lyndon; and Emeliue, A has furnished such sketch ; but, although abound- wife of Dr. Sclim Newell, lives at St. Johnsbury. it is minute in detail, but a Dr. Denison was one who was out of his ele- ing in interest, yet so summary can be given. ment unless engaged in business. He built sev- "Asahel Bm-ington was bom in New Hart- eral mills in town, and was iintil his death a ford, Ct., Feb. 17, 1791, the youngest of a fam- large land-holder, owning large tracts of wild ily of 8 children. In 1802, the older brothers of land in several different towns. His practice our sketch persuaded then- father to sell out his as physician extended over many towns. Phys- farm in Connecticut, emigrate to Vermont, and ically, the Doctor was a model man, 6 feet purchase lands sufiicient to make farms for liim- and upward, finely proportioned, with a carriage self and them. The avails of the sale barely full of grace and dignity, and Ms countenance purchased 500 acres of wild land, at $2.50 per when at rest was but an index of his heai-t, re- acre, and defrayed the expenses of the removal. flecting all its loftier attiibutes, mild and gentle, cabin thus built : spruce logs, locked yet wearing the stamp of an iron Avill that must Their was together at the corners, chinked with mud, and and would accomplish everything it undertook. covei-ed with bark. Within, large logs piled In his religious sentiments, he looked upon all for a chimney, the fire being mankind as brothers and sisters, ti-avelling the against the wall-logs front, and loose boards floored the one same highway to one common home, — or was a kindled in area Avas mostly filled by three Universalist. In his politics, he was a Republi- room, whose blankets, and the large pine can. In relation to slavery, his ideas of justice beds, curtained with table. The one schoolhouse, near the centre of were to give it no more territory, but confine it the town, was on a high ridge of land, where in within its present bounds and let it work its winter the snow, from 3 to 4 feet deep, blowed own desti-uction. He was a capital shot. Noth- impassable drifts ; and even the ing suited him better, even in his old age, than into well-nigh of 11 could not be spared from clearing up to take down liis trusty rifle and try his skill with boy the farm in summer ; and when the young men, and if he succeeded in beating and cultivating reading, spelling, writing, and the them, he would " fat an inch on the rib." He at school, only four rules of arithmetic, were indifierently died March 4, 1847. first taught." BAKTLETT, OF LYNDON. BY HON. THOMAS Here our -writer goes on to tell how young B. THOMAS BARTLETT, was destitute of all mathematical text-books, till, moved in had one of One of the early settlers, was born in old Ply- learning a man had who he hastened secure a loan mouth, Mass., May 19, 1771, and was a descen- Pike's Arithmetics, to systematically to dant of Sylvanus Bartlett, who emigrated from thereof, and bent eveiy energy tough old England in the year 1G24. He moved to Ver- the task, till he had mastered that science, mont at the age of 16, and fitted for college with book. In a few years he added to this Judge Miles, of Fairlee. He entered Dartmouth grammar, geography, logic, pWlosophy, &c. A been College in the year 1794. In consequence, how- library association had previously formed and Bil- ever, of poor health, he was obliged, after two by a number of the citizens of Burke contained Rollins' years, to abandon his studies. While at college, lymead, (now Sutton,) wliich he attained a high rank as a scholar, and main- Ancient History, Robinson's History of Amer- excellent novel. The Fool tained it to a respectable degree ever after. In ica,v Josephus, one opportunity early life he contemplated the ministry, but his of Quality, &c. Embracing every his carryir,g out rainy days, and especially evenings, mostly by state of health did not admit of | after volume was digested. his cherished plans. He moved into Burke in I the firelight, volume Martin Doyle moved in from Walpole, 1802. Beiug an able writer and effective speaker, I In 1810, ; ; — BIJRKE. 309 N. H., bringing a respectable library for those was the most prevalent and fatal. The close of days. Doyle and Buiington were old friends. this sadly eventful year he chronicled in verse, Not only were the use of Doyle's books gra- and for the fallen mourned : — tuitous, but his assistance in study cheerfully " They sank 'neath autumn's chilling blast, given. Here Mr. B. discovered "Ferguson's And with the leaf grew pale and sere; Astronomy," and in a year could calculate the Their memory only with the past Is mirrored with the dying year." changes of the moon and eclipses with perfect accuracy. Doyle, a self-taught scholai", imbibed Jan. 1, 1843, which he inscribes "Unhappy his enthusiasm, and mutually assisting, these New Year," the second Mrs. B., a lady of un- friends spent hours investigating the problems usual attainments for those days, — the affection- of this work. Doyle died in 1848. ate, the gentle, and the congenial wife, whose From the study of this sublime science, the memory is still fragrant in the old farmhouse, — investigation of this " stupendous machinery," died of the fatal erysipelas. In the "InMemo- " Mr. B. claims that his mind was led upward, riam which commemorated again his dead, he till he, too, could exclaim, thus touchingly generalizes sorrow : — " There lives not in this world of human mould, " An undevout astronomer is mad," — Not even savage Nature's rudest child, till he was irresistibly confirmed in belief of the A form so dull, affectionless, and cold, Midst gloomy forests born, or deserts wild, universal mindfulness and mercy of the Creator But he has sometimes felt, when doomed to part, over and toward all his creatm-es, particularly The last sad hopeless sorrows of the heart." his offspring man. Near the close of liis 69th year, he is still en- From 1812 to '21, he was employed during the gaged in the active business of life. May a score winter seasons to good acceptance in common of years yet crown his worthy head, who, in schools, — a popular teacher, who drew many his waning manhood, with a pleasant pathos scholars from the districts around; in 1816, from sings, — thence nearly 25 years, was postmaster; and for FAREWELL MY YOUTH. upward of 38 years has held the office of town " Farewell my youth ! thy star was bright. clerk, during which time every instrument re- And mildly did it beam on me ; corded in the has town, nearly or quite 5,000, But nevermore upon my sight been done with his own hand. He also retains Will fall its pure, its heavenly light, the office of town treasurer, held nearly 31 years, Dear in the waste of memory. and justice of the peace about 24 years ; in 1838 Farewell my youth ! thy dream of love and '39, was town representative, and has from Was like the sunset's brilliant calm, When not a leaf the breezes move time to time held other town offices. But never more my soul shall prove .When not engaged in public business, his pur- Its luxury and dewy balm. suit has ever been agricultural, being located on Farewell my youth ! thy years are past, the farm on which Ms father settled in 1802. Thy hopes and sunny smiles are gone, — He is now living with his fourth wife. The Rev. I knew they could not always last L. M. Biirington, mentioned by Eev. Mr. God- Like roses on the torrent cast, A moment, and their joys were flown." — Ed. ding in liis sketch of East Burke, is his son ; and H. A. Burington, in the specimen department WINNIE. of this chapter, a liberally educated young lady, Down beneath the drooping willows, now engaged in teaching, his daughter. And ' By the streamlet's limpid wave. our venerable State Antiquarian Society Pres- Where the wild -birds sing above it, ident (H. Stevens, Esq.) may be gratified to Is a little, new-made grave, — know there is a blooming bevy of younger daugh- In it lieth all of Winnie That could die, ters in this family still taught to dexterously turn WhUe his soul, immortal, liveth the somewhat antiquated spinning-wheel. In the sky. ]Mi\ B. has from time to time written several Three short summers scarce are measured, poems, which have appeared in different journals Since on earth his life begun of the day. obituary An notice to his first wife But the world was all too sinful (who died of an epidemic fever in 1832) was For our sweet and gentle one, — transcribed by Rev. Hosea Ballou, 2d, into a All too rough for his pure spirit Long to dwell. book entitled, " Happy Deaths." In the fall of And the Father called him homeward, — 1842, erysipelas commenced in the northern sec- " All is well." tion of the State, and continued its fatal ravages Fare thee well, our darling Winnie, for about 6 months, till a twenty-eighth part of Till we pass the river cold ; the inhabitants of this town were its victims ; a Through the pearly gates celestial. large proportion of the population clothed in Through the shining streets of gold, Thou shalt be our guardian angel, mourning ; a melancholy gloom visible in each Watching o'er, countenance ; and it was difficult to obtain assis- Guiding us in paths of virtue tance sufficient to alleviate the wants of the sick Evermore. and dying. January and February, the disease HENRIETTA ADALAIDE EUKINGTON. ;; 310 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. DIUGE. bird. He finally came back, and died at the Close gently her eyes, in their long dreamless slum- liouse of his daughter, in East Burke. ber, Spencer built a new grist-mill, dwelling-house, o'er the heart that's now Fold meekly the arms shop, &c., and the village slowly increased until still, A.D. 1852. In the fall of this year Spencer sold Oh bear her away from that now broken number, all his property in the village to P. Hall. The place that is vacant none other may fill. D. Soon after this sale we had a heaA^y freshet, which will her smile banish sorrow and sadness Ko more carried off the old grist-mill, bridge, dwelling- From hearts that are swept by grief a death-flood- house, shed, shop, &c., leaving the new grist- ing, wave, Ko more will she join in the gay song of gladness. — mill tottering on its foundation, in the centre of That voice once so sweet is now hushed for the a deep gulf many rods in width, caused by the grave. flood. Tliis took place in the night, and the She's far above sorrow, nor heeds she the weeping work of destruction was not so clearly seen ; but Of friends who on earth ever blest her Avith love the crash of buildings, and the giving way of the the lieep- Ye've paid the last tribute, she's now in earth under the feet of those who were clearing ing the house and other buildings. Some barely es- Of angels, — Oh, leave her in glory above. S. N. WELCH. caped from a watery grave, their property being borne down the once beautiful but now dark and ten'ible Passumpsic. The inhabitants EAST BURKE, &c. on either side, opposite their homes but a few rods, passed BY EEV. K. GODDING. the lonely night, there being no way of reach- On the eastern slope of Burke Mountain, the ing their homes without a jom-ney of many Dishmill Brook rises, which takes its name from miles. The next morning hundi-eds of people the cu-cumstance that in the early settlement of assembled to behold the devastation so suddenly the town, a man by the name of Walter built a and unexpectedly made. Some remarked, East plates, small shop here, where he turned wooden Burke is sunk, and can never rise again. dishes, and bowls, of different shapes and sizes. But Mr. Hall, with an energy and enterprise At the junction of this brook Avith the Passump- seldom equalled, repau-ed the dam and grist-mill, this sic Eiver, is the village of East Burke. In filled in part the gulf, and buUt a new saw-mill, part of the town, previous to 1820, there were probably the best in the county, at a cost of some but a few families. In that year the Rev. Rufus SlO or §12,000, since which time there has been Godding, some 10 years before he commenced quite an increase in business and building, for a preaching, purchased the lot of land where the small place. There are now 2 meeting-houses, village is located, and commenced clearing away 3 stores, 1 hotel, 2 saw-mills, 1 grist-mill, plan- the forest to make a farm. ing and clapboard macliine, 2 blacksmith shops, In 1825 he sold 10 acres, at first cost, to Jo- 3 shoe shops, a post-office, starch factory, um- seph Wood, to encourage him to build a set of brella stick factory, a rejiair shop, cabinet shop, mills and commence a village. Wood moved and a good schoolhouse, in which school is sus- into Godding's house, and commenced building tained 9 months in the year. a dam across the river. Coming in one evening One incident occurred in 1846, near East Burke, from his work, he said, using liis familiar by- which shows that God takes care of his own " word, By gracious ! there are bears in the place, thi-ough life, and takes them home to himself as and I'll have Mr. Bruin in the morning." The he pleases. There was a Mr. Newell and his next morning he and his son, with two of the wife,* some 70 years of age, poor in things of this neighbors, started with dog and guns, and before world, but rich in fiiith, and heirs of the king- sum-ise killed two bears and brought them in. dom. She was his third wife, and he was her " Now," said Wood, " I will have some of the third husband. They lived in a small log house, gentleman for breakfast." He breakftxsted de- at the foot of a steep bank, in a retired place. liciously, and went to his work. In that year he Being destitute of food and fuel, the neighbors completed his saw-mill, and put it in operation. carried in a good supply of the necessaries of The next year he built a grist-mill. life, for which they were very thankful. IVIrs. Soon others settled in the place : Mr. C. C. Newell, a few days after this, in conversation Newell, who built a blacksmith shop, and Mr. C. with some of her neighbors, remarked that they Harvey, who opened a store. Wood remained a were poor, and that it would be difficult to sup- few years, when, becoming invoh'cd in del)t, he port themselves, and they hardly knew what to sold his interest in the village to Willard Spen- do. She said that her cliildren were willing to cer, and removed to Victory, where, several miles maintain her, but not her husband ; and that his from any inhabitant, he built another saw-mUl children would support him, but Avere not willing but his stay was short. From thence he removed to support her, and they could not bear the " to Lyndon ; then to Brighton, East Haven, and thought of being separated. Slie said, We have Newark, building a saw-mill in each place, — his concluded to IIa'c together, and hope to die to- last being in Newark. In his history we find one *She was a daughter of the Eev. Peleg Hix, the ever ready to shake the bush, but who caught no first settled minister of Burke. BURKE. 311 gctlier." A short time after this- conversation, two churches became one, and united with the there was a heavy rain during the night, which Danville Baptist Association. In 1841, 25 mem- caused an avalanche or slide in the hill back of bers were added. Rev. N. Denison, who preached their house, which came down with such force as in several towns in this State, and Skeneateles, to carry away the roof, and fill the entire house N. Y., with so much success, and died a few years with earth to the depth of some 5 feet. It was since at Mendota, 111., was, at his conversion, re- discovered the next morning by a man who was ceived into this church, and by it licensed to passing by. He informed the inhabitants of the preach the gospel. village, many of whom immediately repaired to 1852 and '53 were its most discouraging days, the place and commenced removing the earth, not having any place of worship but in a Union which in a moment of time had unroofed the house, and their minister preaching with them house, and buried its occupants alive, while in but part of the time. In 1855, they decided to bed, apparently asleep, as appeared when the sell their interest in the Union house, and build cold, thick, heavy, earthy covering was removed a house themselves. In March, 1856, their from their lifeless remains. Near the bed a Bible house was finished and dedicated. It cost about was found lying on the stand. They had doubt- $4,000, and for convenience and taste is seldom less read the Word of God, and in prayer had surpassed in a country village. Since that time committed to him the keeping of theh souls, and they have had constant preaching on the Sab- fell asleep to wake no more on earth. And in bath, and have been greatly prospered. Rev. this providence it seemed that their desires were Mr. Godding, who became their pastor in 1834, granted ; they were not separated in life, nor di- still sustains that relation. Within the last 4 vided by death. A large congregation assembled years 75 have been received into fellowship. on the day of their interment, and on many a The aggregate number of members has been manly face the tear stole silently down as they about 210. The number of members belonging saw them lie side by side in death, and borne to the Baptist church is about 116. away to rest in one grave. EDUCATION. THE FIKST BAPTIST CHURCH There have been a number of good scholars Was organized April 29, 1801, Barnabas Thur- who have gone out from this place and became ber, clerk and first deacon. Elder Peieg Hix eminent teachers, who have not taken a full col- preached in Burke several years previous to his legiate course, viz. : George Buckman, Rev. C. instalment, I find the records. 9 by In 1803, M. Gushing, and L. M. Burington. The fol- were added to the church ; in 1806, 27 ; and lowing have graduated at college, viz. : I. D. probably Elder Hix was installed by a council of Newell, an able and successful Baptist minis- elders, 1807. May 1, He remained pastor until ter, who labored in this State, New York, and Il- April 13, 1809, when he was, at his request, dis- linois until his death; Daniel Ladd, now a missed from pastoral care, in full fellowship with missionary at Smyrna; B. P. Denison, attor- said church. In A. D. 1810, it appears this ney at law in California ; B. P. Rat, a Congre- church enjoyed a precious revival, and 30 addi- gationalist clergyman in this State ; and A. W. tions, mostly by baptism. There was no other Godding, a teacher in one of the city schools in minister settled as pastor, but others were em- Providence, R. I., and associate editor of the ployed to preach and administer the ordinances " Rhode Island Schoolmaster." to the church. Among the many, I name the following reverend gentlemen : Colby, Palmer, Beckwith, Ide, Davison, Fisher, Grow, Mitchel, EDUCATION. — AN E3^TRACT. and Doge. This church, for the want of a per- We once heard of an interesting little fellow, manent place of worshiiJ, and the lack of means to whom was given a beautiful rose-tree. It was to sustain a settled minister among them, did not to be his own, to cultivate and to admire. He prosper as they otherwise might. Additions were was delighted with his ti-easure, and bestowed made ; but dismissions, removals, and death, upon it his most assiduous care. He watered it, reduced their numbers, and placed additional dis- loosened the soil about it, and watched its pro- couragements in their way. gress till it put forth its green foliage, and was at last covered with little rose-buds. As these were THE GENERAL BAPTIST CHUECH very much hidden by the thick leaves, he cut Was organized in the spring of 1830, consisting them away, and exposed them to the sun. Af- of 2 males and 4 females. Rev. Jonathan ter a few days, he saw a little opening on the Woodman labored with them several years, and side of several buds, through which he spied the in 1831, R. Godding was licensed to preach. In colored petals. In his impatience to gather the 1834, Mr. Godding was called to ordination and fragrant roses, that he might carry them to his the pastorate. Prom time to time additions mother, he plucked away the calyx and unfolded were made and revivals enjoyed, till, in 1840, it the petals. But in the moi-ning, he was sadly numbered 42. At this time 8 members of the disappointed to find that his roses were all with- fii-st-mentioned church united with this, and the ered away...... 312 \t:rmont historical magazine. A profound tliinkcr once asked, " What be- And lift their grey beads to the skies ; comes of all the bright children 1 " Does not While the loftiest hills Have the granite for rills, the fate of the little rose-buds furnish a practi- And their tops interspersed as they rise. cal solution ? Many a parent, who would sternly chide the nurse that should attempt too soon I wonder how trees, And the fish of the seas, to teach their little one to walk, do, after all, So ventured (the truth nature shocks) precisely the same thing in the management of That they should intrude, their minds. The earlier years of the child are In a manner so rude, sufficiently occupied with words and things. Even into the centre of rocks. When his mind is matured, then give him ideas, 1 wonder what time. and permit liim to remember, to imagine, and to In old Ocean's young prime, reason. It is evident, that many parents and Little insects so busy could be, teachers, and even school supervisors, expect too As to form in vast piles Those coral-reef isles, much from children. It is necessary that the Springing up in the midst of the sea. vai'ious faculties should be somewhat developed I wonder, below, before mature results can be expected from their What I never can know, exercise. . . Besides, the minds of all cliildren Of that ocean whose fiery tides lave are not uniformly progressive. . . Some are more The crust of the earth quickly matured tlian others. . . It is by no Since the morn of its birth, — means a sure evidence that a pupil may not ulti- Lo, it rises and falls with its wave, mately succeed, because he is backward at an I wonder what hour, eai-ly stage of his education. There is far more By Omnipotent Power, danger from too rapid, than from too slow pro- Creation's vast wheel shall be stayed. And the internal fire, gress. The anxiety of many parents to make Bursting forth in its ire, their childi-en proficients very often defeats itself. Earth's funeral pile shall be made. Thousands, who might have been able men, were spoiled in vain efforts to make them remarkable children. Shakspeare and Milton speak com- DANVILLE. — TO 1860. plainingly of their- "late spring." But where BY M. T. O. ALEXANDER. are those prodigies of whom we have heard so Part of that tract of country now known as much 1 DanviUe, and granted by New York, was origi- Let us then learn a lesson from the i^rocesses nally called Hillsboro'* — a name at once apt, of nature. The leaves must sliield the tender and descriptive of its most prominent natural fea- buds from the scorching rays of the sun ; and the tures, being for the most part a high, elevated, rough calyx is reqmred to confine the petals till and withal a notoriously hilly region, lying their color and fragrance are duly perfected. along tlie base of a still more elevated and broken We must not expect to turn out perfect scholars range of country to the westward, known as Cow to order. Indeed, it may be suspected that Hill, Walden Mountain, &c., and which range there is some mistake when such examples are extends far into the northern portion of the State. exhibited. Let children be childlike ; but when The exact limits and boundaries of old Hills- they ai'e men, not till then, let them " put away boro' cannot at this time be ascertained with any childish things." A. w. godding. degree of certainty. It was most probably given SEVEN WONDEKS OF GEOLOGY. to a certain tract running north and south, and embracing all that the original State grant of BY MISS D. W. GODDING. 1786 covered, and also some of the western por- Miss G., a native of Burke, educated herself for a tion of St. Johnsbury. From some cause equally successful teacher without any pecuniary aid. She obscure, the old name of Hillsboro', on the issu- has taught in several 2}laces in this State, the city of Hartford, Ct., St. Louis, Mo., and is now Principal ing of the charter of 1786, or even before, was in a Ladies^ Boarding School in St. Anthony, Minne- set aside, and in these latter years has, we pre- sota. (ISGO.) sume, been entirely forgotten. During the early I wonder how deep, struggle of the then New Hampshire Grants for In a fatliomless sleep, a separate state existence, the efforts of E. Allen Lay the earth in her primitive state, and associates were encouraged and assisted by "When Jehovah passed by, the French consul then at Boston, Hector St. With his fiat so high, And each particle ran to its mate. John Crevecoeur. Allen and associates, wishing their timely I wonder how low to show appreciation of these ser- The old primaries go. vices, named several townships in honor of dis- Mysteriously building so long — tinguished Frenchmen. Danville, in accordance That time sped away with this noble intention, was named in honor In long ages ere they of the distinguished French Admiral, D'Anville. Could form a foundation so strong. His name is neither written on pillars of brass I wonder what power Thus caused tliem to tower, * A name never put on record in the town. 1: . DAI^VILLE. 313 or towers of stone, but fastened to the eternal seph Magoon, Timothy Batchelder, E. Howard, hills, which are his monument. James Kiteridge, and Israel Bi-ainard. In Gen. Spring of 1783 or '84, Charles Hackett, the Bailey's list, of some years after, among the Pro- pioneer of this mountain region, opened a spot prietors' Records, the number of settlers was 54. for his cabin just south of the house now occupied 1786. Oct. 27. This township was granted. by Peter Bovee, on what is now called the Oct. 31, of same year, the town was chartered to " Isaac Morrill Pitch." This improvement was Gen. Jacob Bailey, Jesse Leavenworth, Moses Lit- bought by Isaac Morrill, who subsequently set- tle, John McKisson, Luke Knowlton, James Whit- tled on the farm. Mr. Hackett made a second law, Alexander Harvey, Ira Allen, and Thomas pitch upon a spot just north of this first, now Chittenden. The grant covered 73 rights, of 300 called the "Charles Sias Pitch." This improve- acres each, which, with 17 settler's rights, and 4 ment was bought by Capt. Charles Sias, for public rights of same amount, gave an area of which he gave a cow. Mrs. Hackett was the about 28,000 acres. At the approach of winter, first woman who came into this town ; but, dread- all those that came into town during the past ing the severity of the winter, remained only year or two, except Charles Sias and Daniel through the summer, and returned to Peacham. Cross, returned to their former homes. 1784, March. Capt. Charles Sias, with his 1787. Those that left in the fall of 1786, re- family, made the first actual settlement here. turned in the spring. During the wintei-, 40 His wife was the first white woman who dared to additional families joined the settlement, and breast the long and dreary winter of this deep, from this time the ingress was very rapid. March unbroken wilderness. Mr. Sias drew his family 20, the town was organized, the meeting being and effects into town from Peacham on a hand- holden at the house of Daniel Wheeler, near the sled. Mr. Sias brought with him 10 children, centre of the town. The following is a list of seven sons and three daughters, as follows the first town officers of Danville : — Sargent Solomon, Joseph, Charles, John, James, Nathan, Morrill, Moderator ; Abraham Morrill, Town Samuel, Sarah, Polly, and Abigail. The snow Clerk ; Charles Sias, Israel Brainard, Jeremiah was very deep, and the way was trackless. No Morrill, Selectmen ; Daniel Wheeler, Consta- mark was there to guide them, save the long line ble; Zebediah Parker, Tythingman; Abner Mor- of spotted trees leading away into the dark for- rill, Charles Sias, James Kiteridge, and Joseph ests. The father, with Solomon, Joseph, Charles, Magoon, Surveyors of Highways ; Samuel Ful- and John, and the three daughters, made the first ler, Hayward, Timothy Batchelder, Pence company. Mr. Sias, with two men to assist, Viewers. went forward on snow-shoes, and drew the sled, The first child born in town was named Dan- loaded with the girls and some goods, the boys ville Howard, (sometimes in the records spelled following. Hayward). The date of his birth was in the They reached their log cabin early in the after- summer of 1787. The conch which was blown noon, dug it out from beneath the snow, which at his birth, is still in existence somewhere in had nearly buried it, left John and the sisters to Ohio. The grant of land which the first-bom take care of themselves through the night, — the was to receive, was never deeded, as the child others retm'ned to Peacham. John was but 1 was not long-lived, — not more than 3 years. years old, and was the first male child that ever 1788. Dec. 25, was married, by Abraham slept in Danville. The next day, came the Mon-ill, Esq., Joseph Page to Abigail Morrill. mother with the other children, on the hand-sled. This v/as the first marriage in town. In three days more the effects were all removed, 1789. Six years before this, a solitary man and the lone family began their hard labors upon sat himself down among these wooded hills the wilderness. They commenced by tapping Now, so rapidly has emigration been pouring in the maples, which stood thick around them in during these few years, it is estimated that there the most beautiful groves, affording them sugar are no less than 200 families in town. The re- in abundance, and supplied, in a great degree, sult of so rapid an increase of population, and the lack of other food. Thus was settled the first the consequent increased drain iqoon the limited family in this town. The father, Charles Sias, means of the settlers, accompanied with a severe was the first captain of the first military company drought, was a great scarcity of provisions. The in town, and was one of the first members of the sufferings of that time were very severe. Maple Calvinist Baptist Chm'ch in Danville. sugar formed the chief article of food. Like the In this year, Sargent Morrill commenced manna of the ancient Hebrews, it was really a chopping in town. providence in the time of hunger and famine. 1785. During this year, or in the spring of No doubt, those stern old fathers blessed the for- 1786, some 50 emigrants fi-om New Hampshire est trees that gave them food and life. and Massachusetts, Essex Co., had settled here Large quantities of com and other provisions as "squatters." The first settlers in Danville were brought from Essex County, Mass., whence were Charles Sias, Sargent Morrill, Daniel many of the settlers had emigrated, a distance of Wheeler, Daniel Cross, Abraham Morrill, Jer- nearly 200 miles, and over roads barely passable. emiah Morrill, Abner Morrill, Paul Morrill, Jo- 1790. Improvements had been commenced ;; 314 "^t:rmont msTOEiCAL magazine . on nearly every lot in town. About this time, the area of Danville to be 33,483 acres, or over John AVebber opened the first store in town, on 50 square miles. the form now owoied by Gen. Stephen Dole, near 1812. During the war, a company was raised the centre of the town, and near the site of the here to serve six months. This company was present Centre District sehoolhouse. stationed near the line. Joseph Morrill was the 1792, Oct. 29. Walden Gore, containing 2,828 captain; John A. Stanton, lieutenant; Luther acres, and situated in the western part of the Bugbee, ensign ; Harvey Kelsey, Lidce Swett, town, was annexed to this township. Plummer Sa^^'yer, (who had abeady sen-cd in When Caledonia County was established from the war of the Revolution), Samuel Langmaid, a portion of old Orange, there arose quite a stiife Solomon Langmaid, John Bickford, Peter Heath, between the towns of Peacham and Danville, as William Heath, Asa Glincs, Moses Varney, Ja- to which should be the shire town. Finally, the son Wilkins, Samuel Long, James Watson, difficulty was adjusted by Danville's being made Leavitt Daniels, Stutson West, Ephraim Harts- the sliii-e, and Peacham's taking the grammar horn, JeiTy Walker, Josh Otis, Noah Willey, school. 1795. who was stationed at Portsmouth, N. H. At the 1796, Sept. Aaron Hartshorn and Thomas expiration of the six months, Captain Morrill's Dow, for and in consideration of £30, deeded to company was discharged. He then raised a vol- the County a parcel of land containing 4 acres, unteer company of " years men," who served situated in Danville Green Village, to have and till peace was declared. Solomon Langmaid to hold the same so long as the Public Buildings served as a di-agoon at the battle of Plattsburgli. should remain at Danville. He is still living in New York, as ready to fight 1802. Soon after this to^vnship was granted, against tyi-anny as ever. Hiram Kelsey raised a difficulties began to arise between the settlers company, but was not called out. and the several grantees, respecting the quantity Dming the mnter of 1812, there were two com- of land to which they were entitled. Settlers' panies of Kentucky Dragoons quartered here, meetings were holden, and committees chosen commanded by Captains Hall and Butler. One there ^\ere proprietors' meetings and conferences; company was quartered on the Charles Sias but, seemingly, all to no pui'pose. Piually, the Pitch, and one at the old " Mears " house, matter was refcn-ed to the General Assembly. about a mile south of the Green. They came Commissioners were appointed, the grounds of from Burlington here on account of tlie abund- dilierenco investigated, and a report made. The ance of forage and provisions. Among them was result of tliese investigations and deliberations a big, burly bully, who considered himself in- was, that the General Assembly decided on issu- vincible in all rough-and-tumble figlits, and was ing, and did accordingly issue, a new or " quiet- continually annoying all who came in contact ing charter" to the proprietors, November 12, with him. One day, at Cash's Tavern, in the 1802. Village, sitting before the huge fireplace, was a The first survey of this township was made by young man by the name of John Wilson, who Ebcn Thompson, who came here as early as 1787, had just returned from a season's work at rafting and was one of the first who settled in the north on the Canadian rivers. He was a tall, power- part of the to\\Ti. Joshua Stevens sometime ful man, all brawn, and sinews like whijj-cord, after made a re-suiwey, altering the former lines and weighed when in " fighting trim " some 240 in certain cases, clipping certain lots, and adding or '50 pounds. As Wilson was composedly sit- to others. His survey was considered the most ting there, Mr. Bully took a chair, and deliber- correct ; and the lines as established by him are ately sat down in front of liim, (W.), and be- still adhered to in all latter transactions touching tween him and the fire. Wilson raised his foot, the partition of lands. and with tremendous force sent him sprawling 1805. The General Assembly convened here. into the fire. Bully leaped up, and made at The House met in the old Court House hall Wilson, who met him with a blow that would the Council met in the hall of the hotel. The have stunned an ox. Two of Bully's friends old Court Plouse at that time stood on the west then essayed to help, but Wilson, backing into a side of the Green, nearly opposite the Bank. comer, knocked them down as often as they The Jail stood on the east side of the Green, came within reach of his arm. Wilson's sledge- opposite the Court House. hammer blows soon decided the day in his favor. Deweysburgh was a tract of 5,310 acres, lying "Now," says Wilson, "I have two brothers at between Danville and Peacham, from its shape home, and we three will be here on such a day, called the Boot, and chartered to Elijah Dewey (naming it), when we will engage to whip the and associates, Feb. 28, 1782. It was organized whole regiment of you." They came on the ap- as a town, and represented in the General Assem- pointed day, but their antagonists did not see fit bly foiir years. to ajipear. 1810, Nov. Was divided by act of the Legis- 1826. The Bank of Caledonia, located in this lature, and the southern half annexed to Peach- town, was chartered, with a capital of $50,000, am, and the northern half to Danville, making since increased to $75,000. DANVILLE. 315 1843. Erysipelas, in its most malignant form, the land for the abundance and superior quality raged here, carrying- off some 30 or 40 persons, of its trout ; but now, alas ! containing only mostly young persons and women at childbirth. the voracious pike, sucker, and other of this ilk. During the early history of the town, it had a Some 25 or 30 years ago, some very public-spir- marked influence in the councils of the State; ited and benevolently-minded scamp transported and for many years, even up to and during Anti- a quantity of these destroyers from afar into Ly- Masonic times, (from 1828 to 1835), stood among ford's Pond, whose waters connect with Joe's the foremost in the State for its wealth and pro- Pond, and has been rewai-ded ever since with the ductions, the energy and public spirit of its peo- cm-ses of every decent man in the country. ple. Its citizens were the recipients of the high- est honors in the gift of the people. Many CONGREGATIONAL CHUECH. causes, however, both physical and moral, which BT HON. A. MCMILLAN. we have not space to detail, have operated seri- This church was organized Aug. 7, 1792 ; 20 lessen influence and popularity. ously to her persons then became members, some by letter, at length into a Old Danville has settled down some by profession, and others belonging to dif- quiet, staid old town, shorn of her honors, and ferent denominations. The Eev. John Fitch glad of her forgotten of those who once were was then invited to take its pastoral charge, and protection. on the 30th of Oct., 1793, was ordained and in- setting at 1855. The General Assembly, stalled as their first pastor, — salary $275 per its guarantees and obligations of naught former annum. His ministry extended to Oct. 1, 1816, 1795, and against the express wishes of a large a term of 23 years, when his pastoral relation portion of the county, removed the public build- with the church and society ceased. ings to St. Johnsbury. Rev. Jeremiah Plint succeeded him, and was 1860. Danville generally, the northern and settled as their pastor July, 1817, and in March, eastern portions especiallj-, is not surpassed in 1818, was dismissed. Eev. Edward HoUister the northern portion of the State for its depth was settled March 26, 1823, and, on account of abundance and quality and richness of soil, the ill health, dismissed May 7, 1826. He was suc- well of its productions. It is well watered and ceeded by the Eev. Elderkin J. Boardman, set- medicinal springs in timbered. There are three tled Jan. 3, 1827, and dismissed Oct. 9, 1833; town, strongly impregnated with sulphuretted 120 were added to the chm'ch during his pasto- hydrogen gas and iron. One is near North rate. Eev. David A. Jones, from England, was Danville Village, one about a mile east of Dan- settled March 25, 1835, and at the close of his ville Green Village, the thuxl is by the bank of 4th year dismissed. In the beginning of the Joe's Brook, a short distance below Greenbank's year 1840, Eev. E. C. Hand commenced his Village. The three are in a direct N. and S. ministiy in Danville, and after about 1 year was line. There are five villages here. The oldest installed as pastor. Mr. Hand was dismissed in point of time, and largest in size, is Danville Sept. 16, 1846, after an acceptable and useful Green Village, very pleasantly situated on ele- ministry of 5| years. Eev. David Perry was vated land, near the centre of the town, and in settled in Feb. 1847, and dismissed April, 1850. the midst of a fine farming countiy. It com- He was succeeded by the Eev. John Dudley, as mands a sm-passingly beautiful view of the far- stated supply, for the tenn of 6 years. The famed White Hills and Pranconia Notch, which Eev. John Eastman is now acting pastor, hav- loom up m,ajestically against the eastern sky. ing acceptably supplied the pulpit for the last 4 North Danville Village, five miles north of years. the Green, is on Sleeper's Brook, a tributary of While the chm'ch has had in its communion the Passtimpsic Eiver, and is in the immediate 600 members, the whole membership at present vicinity of some of the finest land in town. is but 140. Four meeting-houses have been Samuel Chamberhn was the first to make im- built by the church and society since its organ- provements at this point, having removed here ization, and their present house of worship, built from his former location on what is called the in modern style, is a large, beautiful edifice, old Trescott Place, some one and a half miles with bell, organ, and clock. north of the Green, in accordance with the sug- CHURCH. gestion and advice of Gen. Chamberlin, who METHODIST came from Peacham on a visit. West Danville ET JUDGE HOWAKD OF DANVILLE. Village, Harvey's Hollow, and Greenbank's Vil- The first records of the Methodist Church at lages, are on Joe's Brook, and have fine mill- Danville Station show the first quarterly meet- privileges. Jesse Leavenworth, one of the orig- ing was holden Oct. 1-2, 1803, and Elder Lems inal grantees of the town, settled in town very Bates the first minister, or one of the first, as early, on or near the old Hazen Military Eoad, Phineas Peck appears to have been there about wliich runs through the western part of the town, the same time. and he erected the mills at West Danville Vil- Samuel Bachelder was steward in 1803, and, lage, at the mouth of Joe's Pond. Joe's Pond for anything that appears of record, the only covers about 1,000 acres, and was once famed in steward at that time. Danville circuit, as early — " 316 VERMONT HISTORICAL JIAGAZINE. as 1806 and probably as early as 1803, embraced I building near the Green, to be distinguished and within its bounds the towns of Danville, Barton, known as "Phillips Academy;" and also pro- Burke, Cabot, Greensboro', Hardwick, Ivirby, cure from tlie Legislature an act of incorporation. Lyndon, Peacham, Sutton, (then called Billy- Through the generous contributions of a few mead,) "Walden, and Waterfotd. These to^vns of the inhabitants of the said town, the pro- were probably visited and supplied with Metho- visions of the will were complied with, a beautiful dist preaching at stated periods, as the itinerants and imposing edifice erected; and in Oct. 1841, passed around the circuit. the institution went into successful operation, Aaron Bickford was baptized by Elder Joseph under the charge of the Rev. A. Fleming. Its Crawford, Sept. 30, 1803, and is probably the success up to the present day gives evidence of first person baptized on this circuit. Nathaniel its usefulness. Hart and John Bachelder were baptized Oct. 1, 1 803, by the same elder, which were the only per- TOWN STATISTICS OF ISfiO. sons baptized on the circuit that year. In 1S04, FURNISHED BY JUDGE MCMILLAN. there were some 20, or more, baptized ; and Population, June 1, 1860, 2547. among the number appears the name of Solo- Productions of the year preceding June 1, 1860. mon Sias, as receiving that ordinance July 22, Potatoes, 58,188 bushels. and "Wilbur Fisk, on the 9th day of Sept. Butter, 114,980 pounds. Archelaus Sias was baptized Dec. 21, 1805, and Maple sugar, 165,925 lbs. his wife Jan. 5, 1806, both by Joseph Fairbanks, Hay, 8,272 tons. circuit preacher, and were received into the Horses, June 1, 1860, 795. church, Jan., 1806. Solomon Sias was received Cows, do. do. 1,234. into the church, and "licensed to travel and Other cattle, do. 2,290. preach," in 1805, and in a very few years be- came quite a popular preacher, and for many years exerted a very favorable and controlling BIOGRAPHICAL. influence throughout New England. Archelaus [We here resume Mr. Alexander's MS. Ed.] Sias became a local elder, and spent his days in Danville, where, by his uniform, pious and con- ELI BICKFORD sistent life, he has exerted an influence in favor Was bom in Durham, N. H., Sept. 29, 1754. of religion worthy of the man and of Methodism. His early life was spent on the farm with his The Methodist church at Danville had no parents ; but, during his 21st year, war having meeting-house in which to worship until the year broken out with England, aroused at once the 1822 ; that year they built a chapel 40 by 55 feet, spirit of independence and resistance against on land given to the church by the Hon. B. F. oppression. Being of a bold and adventurous Deming. It was a neat, plain house, in a pleas- spirit, he soon enlisted as a private in his coun- ant location, and cost not far from $2000. try's service. Several months, however, having In 1825, the church built the present parson- elapsed, and being called into no engagement age, with a small barn attached. A new barn with the enemy, loginging for more exciting has since been built, and the parsonage repaired. scenes, he embarked on board a vessel privately In 1842-3 the chapel was moved back a few cruising on the north-cast coast. During their feet and raised up, and enlarged by 22 feet addi- first engagement with an English man-of-war, he, tion in front, with a cupola upon it, and a base- with the rest of the crew, were taken prisoners, ment story underneath. The house is finished and for a time confined on board the " Old Jersey." inside in a very neat style, all new pews, and a Soon, with others, he was sent to England, where pulpit of a more modern height and form than for more than four years he was kept in close the old one, all of which cost nearly, or quite, confinement. Many pleasing anecdotes are re- $2000. lated by him, concerning this period of his life. Having found a piece of the hinge of a door, the [Of the Baptist chiurch or churches in Danville, prisoners formed a plan to escape, by digging a sufficient we have, as yet, received no account ; but ear- passage under ground to admit of their nestly request them to send in their record for the egress. One morning the keeper came into the next number. ed.] prison and said, " Well, Bickford, I hear that you are digging out; how soon will you be PHILLIPS ACADEMY. " " ready to go '? To-morrow night," was the BY HON. A. MCMILLAN. reply. " Oh, that is only some of your nonsense," This institution was chartered by an act of was the rejoinder of the keeper. To wliich Bick- ; the Legislature of Vermont, Oct. 1840. ford replied, " However, this is our intention By the will of Paul D. Phillips, Esq., a citi- and when the time came the keeper found it true. zen of the town of Danville, the sum of $2000 After digging a passage for some distance under was bequeathed and given its inhabitants, pro- ground, concealing the dirt in their hammocks, vided they, or any part of them, should forth- made into bags for this purpose, coming under with erect and finish a suitable and substantial an adjoining house, they took up the brick floor. ; DANVILLE. 317 unlocked the door, and passed out. After con- 1856, at the advanced age of 101 years 7 months cealing tliemselres for a time, hoping by some and 6 days, he peacefully passed up to the means to escape from the Island, but being un- Saviour whom he had long loved. able to do so on account of the vigilant watch HON. ISRAEL PUTNAM DANA which was instituted, they finally made a con- tract with a man who should return them to the Was bom in Pomfret, Vt., April 13, 1774, and prison, and give them one half of the reward of from thence came with his family to Danville in 40 shillings sterling which was offered for their 1805. He was the fifth of a family of 12 chil- recapture. So successful was this game that it di'en of John Winchester Dana, one of the first was afterward played several times, whenever proprietors and settlers of that town, who came their empty pui-ses needed replenishing. At from Pomfret, Conn. His mother was Hannah, length, when peace was declared, an exchange of eldest daughter of Gen. Israel Putnam, of Rev- prisoners being made, he was set at liberty, and olutionary fame. She inherited and transmitted returned to New Hampshire, where he was soon much of her father's spirit to her large family. married to Abigail Rand, of Deerfield. Owing It will illustrate the hardships which were en- to the depreciation in value of Continental money countered in the early settlement of Vermont, if at this time, his entire propei-ty, personal and we here put on record the narrative of an authen- real estate, amounted to the sum of $7, one of tic tradition, that at the buth of Israel Putnam which went to pay the parson's fee. his father had to draw the midwife 6 miles over In 1792 and '93, many settlers emigrated to the hills and through deep snows, on a hand-sled. Northern Vermont ; and he among the rest, with So exhausting was the labor, that, stopping to his wife and 4 children, found a home in what was rest for a moment at the sugar-camp of his neigh- then an almost unbroken wilderness. Selecting a bor, Abidah Smith, he sank down insensible, location in the eastern part of Danville, he at and Mr. S. went on with the doctress ; thus ren- once commenced the arduous work of clearing dering an important service to his future son-in- up a farm and erecting a log house. Scarcely law, — the child then born, — who twenty -four had he commenced his labors before he was pros- years after became the husband of Sarah Smith. trated by a fever, and the strong man was laid During his residence in Pomfret, Mr. Dana was low. Dark was the prospect which opened be- engaged chiefly in trade. The native elements fore liim. A long, cold winter had already com- of character which marked him so decisively for menced. The settlers, it is true, were kind ; but a leader in whatever sphere he moved, had se- they, too, were poor, and so few in number that cured for him the rank of Colonel in the Vermont Ml-. Bickford has frequently said that he has militia, which at that period merited and com- seen all the men in town sit on one log. Added manded respect. On his removal to Danville, to this, his house was not yet completed. One he kept for 3 or 4 years the tavern on the old day, as a nei^bor listened to his delirious vaga- stand, near the present location of the Bank. He ries and fearful forebodings while his reason was soon also resumed his mercantile pursuits, in wandering, the man remarked that "this house which he continued during his active life. As a must be finished." The neighbors immediately merchant he was enterprising and successful, and rallied, the house was completed, and Mr. B. his store was for many years an important and and his family entered upon its occupancy. Of- well-known centre for a wide region. ten has he remarked that never was he so happy He was elected high sheriff for Caledonia in his life as when he first took possession of his County, A.D. 1808, and held the office 5 years. new home. With untiring energy he toiled on, In 1809, he took the first company of prisoners until he had acquired a competency for himself to the new state prison at Windsor, and the old- and 9 children, causing his wilderness home to fashioned whipping-post was employed in dis- bud and blossom as the rose. When in after pensing justice to offenders no longer. years his sons and daughters left their paternal In the war of 1812, he was an earnest sup- home to go forth into the wide world, his feet still porter of the national administration, and active lingered around the old homestead, where were in measures for the prosecution of the war. At associated so many pleasant scenes of the past one time he made two journeys to Boston and and when the snows of more than 50 -Nvinters back, a distance of more than 160 miles, on had sprinkled the brow of his youngest born, horseback, in 12 days, using the same horse and grandchildi'en and great-grandchildren gath- through the entire trip. He was much employed ered in the old homestead, his cheerful laugh and in raising volunteers for the service and in fur- pleasant voice was heard recounting the scenes nishing the commissariat for considerable num- of the long ago, — the freshness of youth that bers of the soldiers quartered from time to time still lingered about his heart rendering him a fit in Danville. In 1814, he raised a company, and companion for every age ; but when a centmy was on his way with them to Burlington as com- had passed, and left him still tossed upon life's mander, when he was met at Montpelier by billows, thought left the busy present and wan- intelligence of the decisive battle of Plattsburg, dered back to the bright scenes of the past. The After the war he was appointed collector, for a old man was a child again. On the 5th of May, large district of Northern Vermont, of the direct ; — 318 ver:mont msTOEiCiiL mag.vzint:. tax levied by the United States government, to 74. The wife of his youth survived him live defray tlie expenses of the war, and in the dis- years. charge of this office found much arduous employ- It may be of sufficient interest to add, that the ment. Rev. Judah Dana, of Fiycburg, Mc, for some In later years, he was for a considerable period years U. S. Senator, and enjoying the confidence member of the Governor's Council, before that of Gen. Jackson, was an older brother. organization gave place to our present Senate, JOSEPH MOERILL and in tliis position he exerted a wide and impor- HON. tant influence on the legislation of the State. "Was bom at Brentwood, N. H., in December, He was prominent in the formation, and for 1775, and had he lived till the next December, several years tlie first president of the Vermont would have been 84 years old. "When about 21 Mutxial Fire Insurance Company. The Bank years old he came to Danville, and in a year or of Caledonia was also largely indebted to his two afterwards became a resident of our village, agency in securing its charter and organization. where he has always resided. He served in the Colonel Dana was a man decided in his opiir- war of 1812, was a recruiting officer, held a cap- ions, firm in his convictions, yet always charita- tain's commission, and at one time was stationed ble to such as differed from him, and generous on the Canada frontier near Derby Line. At to an opponent. He possessed that enterprise, another time he recruited a company of soldiers public spirit, courage, and discretion, which, in this town, was appointed captain, and served united in any person, make their mark on a com- with them several months near Lake Champlain. munity, and exert a signal influence, especially In 1 822, Mr. Morrill was elected a member of in the development of a new settlement. It was the Legislature, and also, we believe, represented the habit of his mind to look below the surface the town another year. In 1823 and 1824, he to trace the underlying currents of larger, wider held the office of County Court Judge, and sub- influences ; to plant liimself upon and never take sequently, for many years, held the place of his departure from sound principles. He had an County Treasurer. The best years of his life eye keen to discern the right tiling to be done in were devoted to active business pursuits. For critical or perplexing circumstances ; and, as he many years previous to his death he lived in often said, made it a rule to act from first impres- quiet retirement, in the enjoyment of his religious sions, and that instanter. Though never inclined faith, that of the Methodist denomination, of to protrude himself, but rather marked by a true which church he was a constant and devoted modesty of dispositiod, he was, however, always member. All men speak well of the dead. ready to act, wherever he could do so wisely. "North Star." Indolence or timidity did not tempt him to wait EBENEZEK EATON on the leadership of some more efficient mind. The town and the county owe much for the de- "Was a prominent and higldy respected citizen. velopment of their institutions and resources to He was prominently known, not only in his own his agency and inspiration, and his name must vicinity, but throughout the State, as the founder, fill a conspicuous place in any just estimate of and for many years the editor, of the North Star. theu" early history. He first came to Dau\'ille, with his family, in the His mind was esserttiaUy reverent. He al- autumn of 1806. He was then about 30 years ways held firmly, as he was early taught, the of age. The town, prior to that period, had been truths of the Christian religion, and ho found established as the county seat, and the village them practically powerful and precious in his had commenced to grow rapidly. Previous to own experience. For 30 years he was an ef- this time, also, a newspaper had been established ficient and consistent member of the Congre- at Peacham, and, we believe, was still being gational church in Danville, candying liis native published at the time it was detei-mincd to estab- zeal, courage, and prudence in counsel into his lish the Star at Danville. Tlie paper at Peacham, rehgious activity. His love for the cause, at however, was soon after discontinued. At a meet- homo and abroad, was strong and ardent, and ing of several leading citizens of Danville the his house a home for ministers of the gospel name to be given the new paper was fully can- and tlie early missionaries who labored in this vassed ; and after various names had been sug- part of the State. To the American Board, gested, Mr. Aaron Porter finally proposed that of which he was an early and fast ft-iend, he con- " The North Star" be the title, which suggestion tributed for tlie support of its foreign missionary was at once unanimously adopted. enterprise. His eldest daughter, Frances, became The first number of the Star was issued the the wife of Rev. Austin Hazen, whose pastoral first week in January, 1807. It was a small- life of more than 40 years was spent in Hartford sized sheet, but well filled -with political and mis- and Berlin. Her surA^ving children, Allen and cellaneous reading. Its politics were cleai-ly Sophia, became missionaries of the Board ; the defined, as being Republican, in opposition to the former in India, the latter in Pei-sia, as the wife then styled Federal party. For moi-e than 30 of Rev. David S. Stoddard. years, Mr. Eaton was the principal editor of the Col. Dana died June 22, 184S, at the age of Star; and during this period, his wiitings and ; DANVILLE. 319 the selections for his paper exerted a marked in- for some time, peifecting himself more fully in fluence upon the pubKc mind. During part of the practice of his profession. the time, the paper had a very large circulation, Thinking himself tolerably well qualified for probably larger than any other political journal the practice of law, he applied for admission to in the State. In several of the party contests of the bar of Orange County, and was admitted in that day, it had also a wide and commanding in- due form soon after. He then very soon started fluence. As a political writer, Mi-. Eaton was on a torn- of observation northward, travelling as frank, fearless, and honest in the expression of far as Brownington, stopping a short time in his opinions. In short, he was a good editor, the office of Wm. Baxter, Esq., who at that and continued actively in that capacity until time and subsequently was a lawyer of consid- 1841, when his son, N. H. Eaton, became the erable eminence in that place. He afterward principal editor and jjroprietor of the Star, which went to Derby with a view of locating himself is still published by him at Danville. Up to the there, but not liking entu-ely his situation there, close of Mr. Eaton's life, however, he was asso- returned as far as St. Johnsbury, where he made ciated with his son as nominal editor of the Star. a stand and opened an office for the practice of Personally, no man was more highly respected, law. This was about the year 1805 or there- yea, beloved, by all classes, than Ebenezer Eaton. abouts. Though not rich in this world's goods, yet he He remained at St. Johnsbury for a term of 2 was rich in the honor and regard extended to or 3 years, when he was elected to the office him by his fellow-townsmen, and all who knew of Judge of Probate for Caledonia County, and him by personal acquaintance. He was kind, removed to Danville, the then county seat. He social, generous, and ever compassionate to the held this office quite a number of years, and also sick and afilicted. As early as 1818, Mr. Eaton dming this time was County Clerk, — in the became a member of the Congregational Church mean tune being frequently elected to represent and from that time until the hour of his death, said town in the Legislatm-e. He was elected ever exemplified the character of a sincere, de- Judge of the Supreme Comi; of Vermont in 1815 voted, liberal-minded Christian. He manifested (I think). Holding this office for about 2 years, this character in all the daily walks of life ; and he resigned the same. In 1817, he was elected especially dming the 18 years prior to his death, as Senator in Congress for 6 years, and also 1 when, released from the cares and jjerplexities of year to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation active business, his Christian light shone pre- of James Fisk (I think). He took his seat in eminent. It had a marked and salutary effect Congress in December, 1818, serving in this ca- on those around him. Eveiy one loved and pacity for 7 years, which terminated in 1825. honored " Father Eaton." He retained his phys- For the next 2 or 3 years he held no office, ex- ical and mental faculties until within about two cept, perhaps, representing Danville 1 year in months prior to his decease. He died, calm and the Legislature, where he was instrumental in happy, at his residence in Danville, January 31, getting passed the charter of the Bank of Cale- 1859, at the ripe age of 82 years. donia, located at Danville, — devoting himself during this time to his favorite pm'suit of agri- HON. WM. A. PALMER cultm-e. In 1830, he was nominated for the Was born in the town of Hebron, Ct., Sept. 12, office of Governor, but failed this year in the 1781. He was the son of Stephen and Susannah election, Hon. Samuel C. Crafts being the suc- Palmer, who emigrated from England before the cessful candidate. He was, however, elected Revolution, and was the fourth son of a family of Governor in 1831, holding the office 4 years, 4 sons and 4 daughters, who all came to the age bringing it down to 1835. of 80 years and upwards, except the subject of This may be said to have terminated his pub- this notice. lic life, although he was chosen as delegate after- At an early age dming his minority, he met ward once or twice to the Constitutional Con- with a casualty in falling upon the ice with an vention of the State, — the last time in 1848. axe, by which he lost a part of one of his hands. Soon after this period his health became im- This occm'rence seemed to be the means of de- paired, so much so as to withdraw him from all termining his future course of life. By being direct or active participation in affau's of a polit- measurably precluded from manual labor, he re- ical or public character. He continued in a state solved on the study of a profession, and soon of slow decline for upwards of 10 years, only be- entered, with this view, the law office of the late ing confined for a short period before his death, Hon. Judge Peters, of Hartford, Ct. He remained which took place December 3, 1860. here for a time; when he resolved to seek Ms Gov. Palmer was a man of strong natural abil- fortune in the new State of Vermont, about ities, possessing a decided and penetrating mind. which, at that time, considerable was said as His heart and hand were ever open to the calls being a good place to emigrate to. Following of want and distress, and if he erred at all in this up the Connecticut River, he finally found his direction, it was in being too benevolent, loving way to Chelsea, Vt., where he entered the of&ce his neighbor better than himself. He was re- of Daniel Buck, Esq., with whom he remained markable for his intelligence, high social qual- ; 320 VERMONT HISTORICAL IVIAGAZINE. ities, and unpretending Mmplicity of manners. years, which latter office he was peculiarly well In politics, he commenced as a Jeft'orsonian dem- fitted for. Several other minor offices he also ocrat, adhering through all the phases of party held with honor to himself and the satisfaction to the democratic side, supporting every dem- of the public. November, 1832, as the anti- ocratic administration from Jefierson to Bu- Masonic candidate, by a handsome majority, he chanan. was elected member of Congress from this, the He helped make in Congress the famous Com- 5th Congressional District of "Vermont. He was promise line, and voted for the admission of not, however, permitted to serve his constituents IVIissouri into the Union with the constitution but one session in the councils of the nation. with which she presented herself. He always Contracting, at Washington, a disease of the contended that his vote was cast honestly for bowels, he started for his Northern home, in hope that measure, and as he believed to be in accord- of benefit from the change of air and water, ance with his oath. He was, liowevcr, much but only arrived at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., censured at the time and afterwards for his voto where he lingered a few days, and died at the on that occasion, lived but he long enough, how- Union Hall, Friday, July 11, 1834, aged 44 ever, to see that line done away by the action of years. He left a wife and young family, to the party that was mainly insti-umental in its whom he was affectionately devoted. In what- creation. ever light we consider Judge Deming, his char- Gov. Palmer was an honest and just man in acter will appear alike conspicuous. With more all liis business ti-ansactions, a most affectionate than ordinary talent, and a naturally calm and husband and father, and in all his relations of deliberative mind, quick of perception, he was life an estimable man. His departure was la- well fitted for public stations and legislative as- mented by a wide circle of friends. semblies. His business capacity and dealings, DE. ELDAD ALEXANDER. in which he was prompt, apt, correct, and emi- nently upright, have been before alluded to. As At a very early period, anterior to the Revo- a man and citizen, he was social and winning ; lution, three brothers, named Alexander, emi- equanimity of temper and habits characterizing grated from Scotland to this country and settled his whole general deportment. It is written of at ISToi'thfield, Mass. One of the In-others, Thom- him, " He was good to the widow and the father- as, was a captain in the war of Independence, on less, and the poor he never sent empty away." the side of the colonics. A son of one of them, Last, not least, he was one to whom religion was named Eldad, from his father, studied med- above everything else, and to whom all oilier icine and resided in Hartland, Vt., and prac- things came in as of minor consequence ; who tised his profession until his death, 1829. His was thus enabled, on his dying bed, to review his son Eldad, the eighth of 9 children, and the past life, and exclaim, " I have fought a good subject of the present sketch, was bom May 22, fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the 1798, in Hartland. lie graduated at Yale Med- faith ; henceforth there is laid up for me a crown ical College, and yet while in his minority com- of glory." menced the practice of his profession. He came to Dan\dlle in 1821, where he resided until his [A notice of Hon. S. Sias we have not yet death, in Eeb., 1859. He attained a high rank been able to obtain. — Ed.] in his profession, and up to his last illness had an extensive practice. He became specially em- THE inent as a surgeon, and probably was regarded as WICKET GATE, the most skilful in surgery of any in this whole 'Mid the fast-falling shadows, section of country. He was much attached to Weary and worn and late, A timid, doubtinj^ pilgrim, hia profession, making it the main business of I reach the wicket gate. his life ; and, being a profound thinker and a Where crowds have stood before me, great reader, added to liis acquired knowledge a I stand alone to-night, thorough practical experience in medical and And in the deepening' darkness surgical science. Personally, he was highly Pray for one gleam of light. respected, ever maintaining the character of a From the foul sloughs and marshes, I've gathered many a stain good citizen, a kind neighbor, an obliging friend, ; I've heard old voices and died in fidl hope of realizing the Christian's calling From far across the plain. reward. His loss is justly regarded as a public Now in my wretched weakness, one. Fearful and sad, I wait; HON. BENJAMIN F. DE3IING. And every refuge fails me, Digested from an obituary published at the time in Here at the wicket gate. the "North Star," by M. T. C. A. And will the portals open me, Mr. Deming entered public life early. He was To who roamed so long, Filthy and vile and burdened, first chosen County Clerk for Caledonia County, With this great load of wrong? in 1819. He was subsequently of Judge Pro- Hark! a glad voice of welcome bate and Councillor of the county for several Bids my wild fears abate ! ; GEO TON. 321 Look ! for a hand of mercy ocean, and capable of cultivation to its summit, Opens the wicket gate. where there is quite a pond of water ; not of suf- On to the palace Beautiful ficient dimensions and depth, to be sure, for And the bright room called Peace, steamboats and men-of-war, but ample enough Down to the silent river, for ducks and geese. Where tliou shalt find release; The soil, except in the eastern is Up to the radiant city, part, hard Where shining ones await; and stony, and consequently difficult of cultiva- On, for the way of glory tion. The rock is granite, and there is an abun- Lies through the wicket gate. dance of it for all fencing purposes, and some to JULIA A. EA8TMAN. spare. In general, the rock of Caledonia County is primitive, and of the calcareo-mica-slate forma- tion but in Groton, GEOTON. ; Peacham, Danville, and the eastern part of Cabot, it is almost exclusively BY EEV. O. G. CLAKK. granite ; showing that at some former period of Grotott, situated in the south part of Cale- the history of the earth, and by some powerful donia County, is bounded N. by Peacham, E. by convulsion of her interior elements, the granite Kyegate, S. by Topsham, and W. by Goshen has been forced up through the primitive rock. Gore. Its area is 38 square miles, and it con- Wells Eiver, which rises in Groton Pond, tained in 1830, 836 inhabitants; in 1840, 928; flows through the town from N. W. to S. E., in 1850, 895 ; and in 1860, a slight increase on and by its falls affords many excellent water the preceding decade. privileges for mills and machineiy, of which the Groton was chartered Oct. 20, 1789. It was inhabitants have availed themselves by erecting settled in 1787, and consequently it is 73 years mills and locating macliiuery at various points since the first settlement was made. March the along its banks. 28th, 1797, it was organized by a town-meeting, In the north-western part of the town are two held at the dwelling-house of John Darling, beautiful ponds of water, called Long Pond and pursuant to a notice issued by William Cham- Little Pond ; the former 4 mUes long by 1 broad, berlin. Justice of the Peace of the town of Peach- and the latter 1 mile in length by |- mile in am. At this meeting were elected the following width. At the foot of the latter is the " Lake town officers, viz. : — Samuel Bacon, Moderator; House," recently erected by McLane Marshall, Nathaniel Knight, Town Clerk; Samuel Bacon, the present proprietor and occupant. On the Nathaniel Knight, and James Abbott, Select- latter pond, also, is a pleasure-boat 30 feet long men ; Jonathan James, Town Treasurer ; Wm. by 10 wide, called the "Lady of the Lake," and Prost, Constable and Collector ; Dominicus capable of carrying 60 persons at a time. Both Gray, Town Grand Juror; Israel Bailey and these ponds contaia an abundance of fish, and af- Edmund Morse, Tithingmen; Aaron Hosmer, ford the inhabitants of this and adjoining towns Jr., and Silas Lund, Highway Surveyors ; Eo- no little sport in catching them. They both bards Darling, Surveyor of Lumber; Wm. Prost, cover an area of 2,880 acres, one being 8 times as Sealer of Weights and Measures; Jeremiah large as the other, and are at an elevation of Bachelder and Samuel Darling, Hogreeves 1,083 feet above the level of the sea, as esti- James Hooper, Penceviewer. mated by Zadoc Thompson. The first freemen's meeting was held Sept. The first settlers of the town were as fol- 3, 1799 ; but the town records do not show lows : — Aaron Hosmer, the great-grandfather of vrhether there was an election or not. There is, Josiah D. Hosmer, lately deceased, is said to liowever, a tradition that at this meeting there have been the first individual who made even a were two parties, viz. : the Kennebunkers, who temporary residence in town. He, being a hunter, were settlers from Sanford, Wells, and Kenne- pitched his tent on the meadow now known as bunk, Mc. ; and the Gaghegans, from New the Orson Eicker meadow, and from thence went Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut; north to the ponds, one of which is in Peacham, and that the former, being more numerous, elect- and is called Hosmer Pond. But he never made ed Jonathan Macomber, Eepresentative. The a permanent residence within the limits of the truth of this tradition can be ascertained only by town. Edmund Morse was the first settler in the reference to the State records. north part of the town, and James Abbott occu- The surface of the town is agreeably diversi- pied the farm now known as the Jacob Abbott fied by hill and vaUey, presenting to the eye a place, and now owned and occupied by Pei-cival landscape pleasing and beautiful, rather than Bailey. A Mr. James settled on the next farm grand and sublime. The soil, though hard, is south of James Abbott, known afterward as the well adapted to grass and grain, and, when well Heniy Low place, and now owned by Peter cultivated, richly remunerates the husbandman Whitehill. Edmund Morse, who was the first for his labor. military captain in town, and whose sword was Whitcher's Mountain, situated in the south- an old rusty scythe, settled in the north part of eastern part, is the highest elevation of land in the town, on the next farm south of Mr. James, town, being 1,100 feet above the level of the where he continued to live till Ms death, which 322 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. was at a good old age. Mr. Morse built the first David Vance was also one of the first set- saw and grist-mill in town, at the foot of the Lit- tlers of this part of the town, where he lived a tle Pond. Before this, the early settlers went to good many years, and became wealthy. He was Newbury to mill, some 15 miles distant, and not elected representative of the town a number of uufrequently carried and brought tlicii- grist on years, and after raising up a family of 7 sons and their backs. Mr. Morse's daughter, Sally, now 4 daughters, he moved to the east part of the the widow Hill, was the first female born in town. town, where he now lives. John Darlixg, the father of Robert, Samuel, Edmund and Stephen Welch, and Na- and Moses Darling, and great-gi-andfather of the thaniel Cunningham, were the first settlers in present race of Darlings, was one of the first, and the extreme west of the town. some say the first settler in Groton. He occu- BAPTIST CHURCH. pied the farm near the old burying-ground, since known as the Joseph Monison place. He lived Elder James Bailey, of Peacham, formed to a good old age, retaining his faculties to the the first church in town, of the Calvinist Baptist last. At fourscore years he stood erect as a order, upwards of 70 years ago. The first mem- young man of twenty. bers were as follows: — Phebe Darling, wife of Edmund Welch was the first who settled on John Darling ; Anna Welch, wife of Jonathan the William Frost farm, to whom he aftei-ward Welch ; Edmund Welch and wife ; Sarah, wife sold it, and here Mr. Frost lived till his death, of Stephen Welch ; Betsey Morrison, wife of which was when he was about 65. Bradbury Morrison ; John Emeiy and wife Sa- Jonathan Welch, brother to Edmund, first rah ; Mary, wife of James Hooper ; Edmund settled on the farm now owned and occupied by Morse ; Josiah Paul and wife Sarah. his son Jonathan. John Emery settled on the In 1824, Rev. Otis Robinson, from the Timothy Morrison farm, and Charles Emery, State of Maine, was installed pastor over the his father, on the Medad Welch farm. church, and for a number of years it continued in The first settler in what is now called Groton a flourisliing condition. But at length troubles Village was one Daniel Munroe. His house arose, Mr. Robinson became deranged and was near the present site of William F. Clark's moved away, and the chm'ch received a shock tannery, at the east end of the village. from which it has not recovered to the present A. M. Henderson, of Ryegate, built the first day. Since that time they have had no settled saw-mill on Wells River, near the present site of ministers, but haVe been supported from adjoin- Gates's carriage shop, and soon after he also ing towns, till within a few years they have had built a grist-mill where the present one, now no preaching at all. A few years ago their owned by A. L. Clark, stands. number was 35. Of late they have taken a vote John Hogins, a tailor, was also one of the not to continue their church organization any first settlers in the village. His house stood longer, but to let each member have the priv- where Almun L. Clark's tavern now stands. ilege of joining any other church he pleases. Jerry Bachelder first settled in the Moses The first deacon was Wm. Hodsdon ; the second, Plummer neighborhood, on the farm now owned Enoch Page; the last, Hosea Welch. The first and occupied by Joseph Ricker. is deceased ; the two last are yet living, — living, John Heath first settled in West Groton, on too, in the full assurance of immortality and eter- the place now occupied by Otis Rhodes. Mr. nal life. Heath lived here quite a number of years, was a BAPTIST IN justice of the peace, and quite a prominent re- FREEWILL CHURCH "WEST GROTON. ligious man of the Baptist order. Afterward, BY REV. FRANCIS MORRISON, PRESENT PASTOR. Mr. Heath moved to the West. David Jenkins was the first who began on The Freewill Baptist Church in Groton was the farm now owned and occupied by Charles first formed in the west part of the town by El- Morrison. The next occupant of the place after der Latiirop, but how long ago, the records of Jenkins was Moses Darling, with his father, the church do not say, but probably over 40 John Darling ; and after them, Jonathan Dar- years since. Elder Lathrop presided over the ling, son of Samuel Darling, occupied it quite a church for a number of years Avith great accepta- number of years, until he sold it to Charles Mor- bility as a preacher and a Christian, and under rison, the present owner, and moved to the "Far his labors there was a great revival of religion, by West," where he now lives. which the church was quickened, her numbers in- The next settlers in West Groton were Jona- creased, and much good done. They had no meet- than and James Renfrew, of Scotch descent, ing-house, and therefore were under the necessity one of whom made the quaint remark in refer- of holding their meetings in private houses in the " ence to the soil of AVest Groton, viz. : K a winter, and in barns in the summer. But not- man should strike an axe into the ground, and it withstanding the humble place of worship, the did not hit a stone, it would be sure to hit a people at times came from all parts of the town guinea." Their farms were the two places now to hear the word, and found it indeed a Bethel. occupied by Nathan Darling and Moses Adams. .^\fter Elder Lathrop left the chui-ch, his place HAEDWICK. 323 ^•was supplied by rarious other ministers from part has a southern inclination. Along the pas- . other towns, but the church had no regular banks of the river, and extending for half a tor till the year 1857, when Eev. Francis Morri- mile or so back from either side, are table-lands. son was ordained a minister over them ; since In the southern part of the town is a mineral which time the church, though small, has been spring. It has been found to be efficacious in in a prosperous condition. Their present num- cutaneous diseases, and was formerly a place of ber is 20. considerable resort. M. E. CHUKCH. 1779. Gen. Hazen came to Peacham with a part of his regiment, for the purpose, as he said, The records of the M. B. Church do not say of completing the road commenced by Gen. who were the first Methodist preachers in town, Bailey, in 1776, that an anny might be sent nor how long it is since they first preached here ; through for the reduction of Canada. Hazen but the first preachers were quite successful, and cut, cleared, and made a passable road for 50 soon gathered a small class, which was increased miles above Peacham, through the to^vns of from time to time, till private dwellings and Cabot, Walden, Hardwick, Greensboro', Crafts- school-houses became too small for their accom- bury, Albany, and Lowell, and erected several modation. About the year A. D. 1837, they block-houses. This road, called to this day the were enabled to build a good and commodious Hazen road, was the inlet to Hardwick in its meeting-house, since which time, with the excep- early days, and a great benefit to the early tion of a few years lately, they have had a settlers. preacher stationed with them aU the time. 1780. The town of Hardwick, containing In 1838, Samuel G. Scott preacher in charge, 23,040 acres, was granted Nov. 7, 1780, and char- there were on Groton circuit 107 members. Dur- tered Aug. 19, 1781, to Danforth Keyes, and his ing this year there was a great revival, the church associates. * was quickened, and many added to the church, Shortly after this, Peter Page, a native of some of whom continue faithful to this day. Swansey, N. PL, in the employ of Governor In 1844, Benjamin Burnham preacher in Robinson, one of the proprietors of the town, charge, there were in Groton cncuit 111 mem- came to Hardwick with a man by the name of bers. Safford. The first trees were felled by him in Groton Village class contained 72 members. " the commencement of a clearing near the centre West Groton class 7 " of the town, on what is now the French farm. Jeficrson Hill class " 19 " These two men brought their provisions on their Topsham class " 13 " backs from Cabot, 8 miles. When their first supply Total Ill was exhausted. Page volunteered to go for more. On his return, — being overtaken by Since that time, by deaths, removals, and the rain, and thoroughly wet, — he comforted other causes, the number of members has consid- himself with the thought that when he reached erably decreased, till of late, when a good work the camp he should find a good fire to warm seems to be going on in the church, and some and dry himself withal ; but when he di-ew near additions are being made. and saw no smoke, and nearer still and found Safibrd asleep, and the fire entirely out, he sat HAEDWICK. down and vented his feelings after the manner of children. There was no alternative but to go BY EEV. J. TOKEET. back to Cabot after fire. Page thought he could Hardwick is the most westerly town of Cale- stay in Hardwick no longer, but was prevailed donia County, lying 21 miles north-east of Mont- upon by Safibrd to stay until two acres or more pelier, and 73 north of Windsor. The surface were cleared, when both left, discom-aged. of the township is pleasantly diversified with THE SETTLEES swells and vales, but no part of it mountain- OF HAEDWICK. ous. The Lamoille River enters the town very 1792. In a certain "ciphering book," con- near the north-east corner, and, after running a taining the names of the first settlers, Mark course of about 10 miles, affording, together with Norris made this record of himself; " I drove its tributaries, several excellent mill-privileges, the first sleigh through the woods from Deweys- it makes its exit a little north of the south- burgh to Greensborough that ever was drove west corner of the town. The timber is a mix- through by man, to my knowing, which was on ture of maple, birch, hemlock, spruce, etc. The the 4th of Jan. 1792. I moved into Hardwick, maple-groves are remarkably fine. The rocks the first that ever moved in to settle the town, are granite, gray limestone, slate, and quartz, on the 13th day of March, 1792." Mr. Nonis with fine specimens of rock crystals. The soil seems to have forgotten to record the important is rich and fertile — well adapted for grazing fact that he brought his wife with him. He was purposes. The south-eastern part of the town a mason by trade, and yet seemed to possess the is on the' western declivity of the eastern range faculty of turning his hand to various kinds of of the Green Mountains. The north-western work ; was possessed of energy, intelligence, and 324 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. good judgment. He was afterwards much en- Bunker Hill, and afterwards came, with his son, after his gaged in tlio public business of the town ; was to Hardwick, died shortly arrival. A at different times representative, treasurer, and a log was dug out for his coffin, and a slab, split preacher of the gospel. from another log, was nailed on or pinned on for Toward tlic close of March, Nathaniel Norris, the cover. He was buried near a spring of water a cousin of Mark, moved, with liis wife, into not far from the Hazen road, but his remains town. Ho also was a mason — a good work- were afterward exhumed and deposited in the man, but very moderate in all his movements. Hazen Road Cemctciy. Mr. Hastings soon after It is said he was never seen to run, and yet he moved to Hvde Park. felled his acre of trees daily for six successive The remaining settlers had a serious time of days. it. They were living at a distance of from one About the same time, March, 1792, Peter to three miles from each other, finding their way Page — the same who had a few years before by means of blazed trees. Mark Norris lived left Hardwick, discouraged — took heart and near where Mr. Onrin Kellogg now lives. Na- returned. He built himself a rude log shanty, thaniel lived near where Mi-. Ward NoitIs now about three-quarters of a mile south-east of the lives, and David, near where Mr. J. L. Pope now present village of East Hardwick, and then went lives. to bring his family. His shanty was full half a In the Spring of 1793, these cousins supplied mile from the Hazen road, and the snow was themselves with provisions sufficient, as they supposed, to last them through then- Spring's deep ; however, when he had moved his family and goods as near as he could by the road, he \york, when they were expecting to return to put on Ms snow-shoes, put his wifft and three Peacham for a while. They had no such thing children (the youngest of whom was put in a as a team or even a hoe to work with ; but with bread-ti-ough) on a hand-sled, drew them to their axes they hewed out wooden hoc-blades * their new home, and then returned for his goods. from maple chips, hardened them in the fire, and They lived a year in their rude hovel without took saplings for handles. With these they floor or chimney, building their fire at one side, hoed in, on Nathaniel's gi'ound, two acres of and leaving a hole in the roof for the smoke to wheat ; but Saturday night came, when they escape. Mr. Page's wardrobe, during that win- had sowed only one acre, and they found they ter, is said to have consisted of one pair of tow had only provisions enough to last them one pantaloons, one tow frock, tow shirts, woollen day longer. What should they do 1 Neither of socks, and a woollen vest. He brought all the them were professors of religion, but they had provisions for himself and family on his back, been trained to keep the Sabbath day. How- either from Peacham, 20 miles distant, or from ever, they now held a council, concluded that it Cabot, 8 miles. This family afterwards suffered was a " work of necessity," and hoed in the sec- from poverty. Then- only cow strayed ond and last acre on the Sabbath. " Wo shall much ; when Mr. P. found her, ten miles from home, see," said Mark and David, " whether this acre she had been away so long she gave no milk. will not yield as well as the other." But Nathan- The man who had kept her awhile demanded iel was troubled in conscience. Reaping time pay, and his only woollen garment, the vest, was came ; the proceeds of the two acres were stacked all he could give to redeem his cow. Water separately, and the time for comparing drew gruel was substituted for milk, and was sometimes near. But the comparison was never made. their only sustenance. The father and mother The stack which came of the Sabbath day's took this cheerfully themselves, but the substitu- work took fire from a clearing near by, and tion of water gruel for milk for their little babe every straw and kernel was burned. caused them sore grief. Mr. Page was an ec- These cousins were usually in the habit of re- centric man, and yet he was considered a Chris- ligiously observing the Sabbath day. On the tian ; loved to study his Biblo, and what few first Sabbath after they came into town they religious books he had, and was a man of much held a religious meeting, and ever afterwards meditation and prayer. He died Dec. 1852, this practice was kept up. aged 83. 1794. During this year there were added the John Page, the babe that rode into Hard- families of Daniel Chase. Elijah True, Stephen wick in a bread-trough, afterwards removed to Adams, Gideon Sabin, James Bundy, Israel Westmore. He died in Montpelier in 1835, Sanborne, and Elisha Sabin. Mr. Cliase was while representing his town in the Vermont a deacon in the Baptist Church. He was after- Legislature. wards ordained an Elder of the Free-Will Bap- The following year, 1793, three more famihes tist Church in 1810. He moved, in 1816, to were added to the settlement — those of Timothy Pennsylvania, where he continued to preach Hastings and James Sinclair, who, with an until his death. Mrs. Gideon Sabin has ren- aged father, came in Feb., and that of David Nor- dered herself illustrious by giving birth to 26 ris, a cousin of Mark Norris, in June. Old Mr. children ; and surely Gideon himself deserves to Sinclair, who emigrated from Scotland, settled be remembered if he found food, as we presume in New Market, N. II., fought in the battle of' he did, for such a family, poor as he was. Mr. — HARDWICK. 325 Sanborne was a kind and public-spirited man, Daniel (now Dea. French), then aged 18 years, and was blessed with a family of 14 childi-en, says, "We moved from Hardwick, Mass., to the third of whom, Mr. William Sanborne, now our namesake in Vermont, where we arrived lives in Hardwick. Elisha Sabin was a hunter, the 4th of March. The last of March the snow led a wild life, and allowed his children to go lay 4 feet deep on a level, but the weather was barefooted through the winter. mild, and we prepared for sugaring ; but there 1795. On the 31st of March, in this year, the came two feet more of snow, and not a tree was town was organized. The first town-meeting tapped until the 15th of April. We gathered was held at the house of Mark Norris. Paul our buckets the 15th of May. Snow-banks were Spooner was chosen the first Town Clerk, and visible the 9th of June. Vegetation came for- also the first Eepresentative. ward very rapidly, but not sufficiently so to save Among the items of interest respecting these our crops. Many of them were much injured days, which we have gathered, is the fact that by the early frosts." these men were obhged to go 40 miles to mill 1812. Mr. and Mrs. Elisha Swett came to Newburg being the nearest town where there Hardwick ; they lived together 80 years. Mr. S. was a grist-mill. Wc also learn of certain cases died Nov. 1859, aged 96, and Mrs. S. died Feb. in which what was called wild justice was ad- 1860, aged 98. ministered to offending citizens, the executive 1816. About this time there were many emi- and judicial functions being combined in the per- grations from Hardwick to what was then called son of a certain strong man with a whip. "the West;" but few went farther than the In the fall of 1795, Elder Amos Tuttle, the Genesee Valley. During this year, the inhab- first minister of the town, moved in. His son, itants of Hardwick suffered much from the snow Capt. David Tuttle, says, " There was not a and frost. A heavy snow began to fall on the cart in to^vn ; but in the following spring, two 7th of June, and continued to fall until the 9th. carts were constructed out of my father's wagon." The sheep had just been sheared, and had to bo " He also says, My father and I took $44 of my covered again with their fleeces ; but there was mother's 'savings' — money which came safely little or no hay for them or for the cattle, and to Hardwick, sewed up in a bed — and went to many of them died. The forest-leaves were all Ryegate to purchase a cow ; but when we got killed, and the woods went in mourning through her home, she proved almost worthless. My the summer. Eye sold for 3 dollars per bushel. father killed her for beef, and my mother learned to make bean-porridge, so we had a plenty of that EDUCATION. instead of milk." From an early day the people of Hardwick Between the time of Elder Tuttle's settlement have manifested considerable interest in the as pastor of the church and town, and the year cause of education. 1800, many families moved into Hardwick. 1799. The town was divided into four school Among them were several of Puritan descent, districts, called respectively the Hazen Eoad, whose influence for good is, no doubt, felt to this Centre, middle, and eastern districts. The mid- day. dle district was between the centre and East In 1796, Mr. David Philbrook and wife Hardwick, and the Eastern was on the east side moved in. Mx-s. Philbrook died in August, 1860, of the river. The first school meeting was held 100 years of age. in the Middle district; voted to have a two In 1797, the first public-house in town, a log months' school, and to raise a tax on the grand building, at Hardwick Street, the road, on Hazen list for its support. The first teacher was Anna opened was by Col. Alpha Warner. In the same Hill. The first part of this term she taught in year, Capt. J. C. Bridgeman made the first set- a log barn, owned by Israel Sanborne ; the re- tlement at South Hardwick. Also, Aug. 29th, mainder of the time in different log houses — the of the same year, Mr. Samuel Stevens was the family occupying one room, and she the only first settler at East Hardwick, thence and for some remaining one. This was in the summer of time afterwards called Stevensville, or Stevens' 1800. Mills. Mr. Stevens and his wife ate their first 1800. March. It was voted by the town to meal in Hardwick over a chest which contained seU the land appropriated by the proprietors of about all their earthly possessions. He soon the town for the benefit of an English school. erected a saw-mill on the north side of the river, The land was sold the following year. From and in 1800 he also built a grist-mill near by. the fund thus raised a small dividend has been Fuller In 1798, Thomas came to settle in paid annually to each school district, according to Hardwick, with his wife and children. For six the number of scholars. The whole number of months' he, with a family of eleven, occupied a scholars at that time was 85. log house, 24 feet square, with Mr. Wm. Cheever, 1801. Flavel Bailey, from Peacham, was whose family also numbered eleven. There was lured to teach a six months' school in the middle a stone fire-place in the centre of the house, and district. a hollow log for a chimney. 1802. The first school-house was built in the Samuel Frencli moved in in 1799. His son middle district, by Martin Fuller, for $165. This 326 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. money was raised by a tax on the grand list', and These families were the first settlers, and the was paid principally in cattle and grain. village has been named for them. 1815. Wc find the town divided at this date There arc now some dwelling-houses and pub- into 9 districts, containing 339 scholars. lic buildings in process of building — a Free- 1821. The first select school in town was Will Baptist church and a large and commodious kept two terms by Miss Deborah Worcester, school-house. from Ilollis, N. 11., at the Centre. This place has experienced a great loss in the 1842. The first select school at East Hard- removal by death, in February, of the present wick was taught by Miss A. Stevens, a graduate year (1861), of their first settler, Mr. Resolved of Cazcnovia Seminary, N. Y. Mack. He was kind and companionable in his 1855. The town contains 12 school districts, family, a very worthy citizen, and an efficient and 382 scholars. member of the JSIethodist church. In the inidst 1860. By the efforts of the people of South of usefulness he was called; but calmly and Hardwick an Academy building, over the Town cheerf'ully met the call. Hall, has been completed. In Nov., 1860, this Academy obtained a charter from the Vermont ECCLESIASTICAL. Legislature. Its prospects are bright. Princi- I. BAPTIST CHURCH. pal, A. J. Sanborne ; lady teachers. Miss L. Sin- clair and Miss Bundy. BY KEY. E. EVANS. During the foil of this year measures were On Nov. 18th, 1795, the members of the Dan- taken to establish the select school at East Hard- ville Baptist Church who were residents of wick on a permanent basis. Hardwick, wishing to form themselves into a Of college graduates and of professional men Baptist Church, for the purpose of enjoying Hardwick has raised a fair proportion. chm-ch privileges among themselves ; and hav- ing obtained permission of that church to be con- THE VILLAGES. stituted into a church by themselves, a Baptist There are four villages in town. The old- Church was organized on Thursday, Dec. 17, est, called the Street or Hazen Road, is situated 1795. Rev. Amos Tuttle received a call to be- on high land, near the north line of the town. come their pastor, and was called to ordination The first settlement was made in 1793. This June 16, 1796. The records of this church are was formerly a place of considerable business, lost, therefore notliing further of its history can but time has wrought such changes by deaths or be ascertained. Its visibility has become extinct. removals, that it has now become a quiet little Subsequent to this, there was a Baptist place, with liardly a vestige of its former activity. Church organized in Greensboro' ; but as a ma- The second village in age is East Hardwick, jority of its members resided in Hardwick, it situated on the Lamoille River, in the eastern was deemed expedient to form a church in East part of the town. The first settlement was made Hardwick. In 1831, a Baptist Church was by Mr. Samuel Stevens, in 1797. This is at organized, consisting of 25 members. Elder present a place of considerable business. Marvin Grow, a good man, and one whose The third village is South Hardwick, which is preacliing talent was very acceptable to the also situated on the Lamoille, in the south-west brethren, became tlieir pastor. He continued part of the town. The first settler was Capt. J. his pastoral labors with them about 6 years, and C. Bridgman, in the year 1797. Tliis is also a becoming infirm and indisposed, requested and place of considerable business. It contains the obtained his dismission. Town Hall. He was succeeded by Rev. Aaron Angier, " Mackville," the fourth village in town, is situ- whose faithful and devoted labors were in a very ated one mile south of South Haixhvick, on a remarkable manner owned and blessed of God. brancli of the Lamoille River. This small sti-eam During his pastorate, A. D. 1840, a meeting- affords excellent water-privileges, which at pres- house was built, and 92 added to the cliurch by ent are occupied by a saw-mill, coni-mill, etc. A bai)tism and by letter. The church, at ttiis largo building has been erected the past year, time, was one of the most flourishing Baptist designed for a woollen factory. churches in northern Vermont, numbering 150 The commencement of this place was about members. Ho closed his pastorate, much to the the year 1831, by the building of a saw-mill by regret of the church, and went west and died. Mr.George P. Fish. Mr. Elisha Mack built the [From Mrs. Maiy Spofford, eldest daughter the following ad- first dwelling-house in 1834 ; but before he was of Rev. Mr. Angier, we have " ready to move with his family to this anticipated ditional items : My father remained a little earthly home, death removed liim to his eternal more than four years in Hardwick ; from there home. His eldest son. Resolved Mack, with his ho removed to Middlebury, where he remained widowed mother, brothers and sisters, came to two years, and published a paper called the Observer. After whicli he resided in this new home ; but eventually the family were Vermont scattered. Mr. R. ^Mack retained the place, and Poultneyayear ; then in Ludlow a year, where was married, in 1838, to Miss Mary Bancroft. he was associate and leading editor of a paper. ; ; HAEDWICK. 327 named the Genius of Liberty — the first paper CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. published in Ludlow ; when he again removed BY REV. C. S. SMITH. to Cavendish, where he sojourned tAvo years, and II. The Congregational Church in Hardwick in the spring of 1850 went to Cato, Cayuga Co., was organized July 29, 1803, at the house of Mr. N. Y., where he Uved three years, and then ac- Thomas EuUer. There were present, as an or- cepted an agency for the Bible Union, and moved ganizing council, Eev. Leonard Worcester, of his family to Elbridge, N. Y. This, however, he Peacham, and Eev. John Fitch, of Danville, retained but one year, and in 1854 became the with their delegates. The new church consisted 111., pastor of the Baptist Church in Lamoille, of 7 male members ; 9 females were received to where he lived but four months, when he died, membership two days afterwards. the 3d of Sept., 1854, in the 48th year of his age. These first members were from New Braintree, His family reside there stUL] Hardwick, and Westminster, Mass. ; from San- E.EV. JoNATHAisr E. Green, an earnest and bornton, Hanover, and Tamworth, N. H. ; and stirring preacher, who was laboring with the one from Newbury, Vt. Bro. Thomas Puller church in Hanover, N. H., received a call to be- was chosen first deacon. Eev. L. Worcester come pastor of the Baptist Church in Hardwick. was standing moderator of the church for some He accepted the call, and commenced his labors years. Por about thi-ee years after their organi- but, contrary to the expectation and wish of the zation, the church attended upon the ministra- church and society, he tamed with them but one tions of Elder Amos Tuttle, who in 1796 had year, and then returned to the people of Ms for- been settled as minister of the town, and pastor mer charge. of the Calv. Bapt. Church. In the year 1806, Elder Nathan Dennison, a zealous, enter- however, he was, at his own request, dismissed prising, and devoted servant of his Master, next and from tliis time until 1810, the church had no became then* pastor. His unwearied efforts were stated preaching. They met regularly for wor- blessed in the conversion of many, and the ship, however, at dwelling-houses, and received church was prospering under his administration, occasional ministrations of the word and of the when some difficulty arising between two breth- sacraments from Mr. Worcester, of Peacham, ren, which they would not settle themselves, it and Mr. Hobart, of Berlin. was brought into the church ; and, as is too fre- During the years 1809 and 1810 several mis- quently the case, each had his friends, and party sionaries visited them. Those whose names ap- spirit soon became manifest. There could be no pear upon the church records, are Jonathan settlement of the difficulty effected ; but the state Hovey, Seth Payson, D. D., Solomon Morgan, of things rather grew worse and worse. The Leland, James Parker, and J. Waters. A church divided. A part went off and worshipped powerful revival followed the labors of the last in the school-house, and a part worshipped in two of these men. About 60 persons were added the meeting-house. This state of things con- to the church during this and the following year. tinued till Eev. Mr. Jones, agent of the Conven- Some of these were men of the first ability and tion, came into town, and induced them to come business talent in town. together again, and organize anew into one The church now felt itself sufficiently strength- church. ened to support a pastor, and in the fall of 1810, Elder Dennison left them after a pastorate of extended a call to Mr. Nathaniel Eawson. He five years, with a constitution, naturally strong accepted, and was ordained and installed pas- and robust, broken do-\vn and enfeebled by grief tor of the church, Peb. 13, 1811. The pub- Elder Samuel Smith, of Pen Yan, JN". Y., lic services were held in a barn, on the farm then was their next pastor ; a good man, who, though owned by Captain Hatch. During the summers he commenced his labors under the most dis- of 1812 and 1813, Mr. Eawson met a company couraging circumstances, yet accomplished some of children at his house every Friday, to hear good. He remained three years, and returned them recite portions of Scripture. This pre- to N. Y. pared the way for the Sabbath Schools, which Elder E. Evans, of Lunenburg, then re- were established a year or two later in the several ceived and accepted a call to become their pas- districts in town. tor. He commenced his labors under circum- In 1817, Mr. E. resigned the pastorate of the stances by no means encouraging; but the church, and during the three following years the church seems to be improving; the members church was in a divided state. appear to be more united. He has been with Mr. J. N. Loomis, a graduate of Middlebury them three, and has commenced upon his fourth College and Andover Seminary, was ordained year. During his stay among them, they have and installed pastor of the church, Jan. 3, 1822. expended something in fixing the inside of the The services were held in an unfinished meeting- meeting-house; paid $180 for an organ, and house, just erected by Mr. Samuel French, half laid out about $1000 in building a parsonage, a mile east of the centre of the town ; but as Mr. wliich is now occupied by their pastor. French declined selling this house to the church, The means of grace are well attended. The they after much perplexity in regard to a lo- church numbers now 77. cation, decided to build a house of worship upon : 328 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the hill near the four coi-ncrs. The meeting- Average attendance on Sabbath about 165. house was built, but the location failed to give Number of families represented about 70. entire satisfaction, and the consequence was a division of the church with the advice of a mu- THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUllCH. tual council. BY REV. A. C. SMITH. Accordingly, a new church, called the Second Prior to the year 1803, there had been no Cong. Church, was organized March 2, 1825. I\Ietliodist preaching in the town of Hardmck. Mr. Loomis, whose counsels were of great val- But during this year, the Rev. Lewis Bates ue to the church during the period of erecting commenced liis labors in tliis town as a Metho- their house of worship, and the separation that dist preacher, and a few persons connected them- followed, continued his labors until the last of selves with a society in an adjoining town, which January, 1830, when, on account of the feeble stood connected with what was then called Dan- state of his health, he was dismissed. ville Circuit. On the 25th of Sept. 1833, Rev. Robert Page, In June, 1809, the Rev. Nathaniel Stearns a graduate of Bowdoin College and of Andover, formed a society in Hardwick, and was still was installed pastor. He continued his relation attached to the Danville Circuit, which at this until June, 1835, wheu he was dismissed at his time embraced nearly all of Caledonia, Orleans, own request. and Essex Counties. Peter Page was appointed In July, 1836, the chm-ch extended a call to the fu'st class-leader, and Nathaniel Noixis the Eev. Chester Wright. He commenced preach- first steward. ing to them soon after, and was installed pastor Nathaniel Norris, for several years, had been a of the church June 15, 1837. He continued his member of, and an ordained deacon in, the Free- labors until the beginning of the year 1840, will Baptist Church previous to 1809, when ho when, his health failing, he removed to ]Montpe- became one of the memorable fourteen who lier, still retaining his pastoral relation ; but he formed the first society. He received a license died shortly afterwards in Montpelier, — April, as an exhorter in the M. E. Church, bearing 1840. date July 14, 1810, and signed by David Kil- Rev. Austin 0. Hubbard, a graduate of Yale burn and Benjamin R. Hoyt, who were the first and Princeton, was installed July 7, 1840, and circuit preachers in this town after the fonnation was dismissed, at his own request, May 1, 1843. of the society. this date until Prom 1846, the chmxh were Jan. 7, 8, 1816, the society held their fii-st without a settled pastor, when they united in giv- quarterly meeting in Hardwick. ing a call to Rev. Joseph Underwood, a graduate For several years, the society prospered, and of Bangor. He accepted, and was installed on increased gradually until 1823, when John Ward the 18th of Dec. of the same year. Dtu:ing his Norris was appointed class-leader, at the age of pastorate, which continued nearly 12 years, the 19, at which time the society numbered 60 mem- condition of the church and society became bers. much improved. Several following years, the society did not In the year 1851, the old meeting-house upon increase very extensively, and they were com- the liill was torn down, and a new one erected, pelled to hold their meetings in dwelling or vnth great unanimity, at East Hardwick. school houses for the want of ability to build a Several persons who had been members of church edifice. the second church, when that ceased to exist, In 1846, Hardwick was connected with Crafts- joined this. Since 1851, there has been a healthy bury, and the Rev. George Putnam and the increase of the church and congregation. The Rev. 0. S. Morris appointed circuit preachers. Sabbath School embraces nearly three-fourths of At the fu'st quarterly conference, a vote was the entire congregation. taken to divide the labors of the circuit, by which In Jan. 1858, Mi-. Underwood, on account of the said Morris was to labor at Hardwick, and the impaired state of his health, resigned his the said Putnam at Craftsbury. pastorate, and was dismissed, Feb. 2d. Rev. O. S. Morris remained at Hardwick two Rev. Henry Hazen, a graduate of Dartmouth years, during which time, through his efforts, and Andover, preached one year, as stated sup- and the concurring efforts of the society and ply, commencing Oct., 1858. In March, 1860, friends, a good church edifice was erected, fin- the church and society united in extending a call ished, and dedicated, at the south village, which to ilr. Joseph Torrey, Jr., a graduate of Bur- has now become the centre of the town business lington College and of Andover, to become their by the erection of a new town hall during the pastor. He was ordained and installed May last summer, and probably one of the best in the 30, 1860, and is the present pastor. State. The whole number of members since the The church at that time numbered 65 mem- organization of the church is 436. Of these, bers. Since 1847, the desk has been supplied as about 278 have joined by profession, and 158 by follows letter. The present number of members is 127. 1848, from the local ministry; 1849, by Eev. ;; HAEDWICK. 329 A. L. Cooper ; 1850, left to be supplied ; 1851-2, revelations in regard to duty, and in regard to by Rev. J. Whitney; 1853-4, by Eev. James S. future events, are communicated to individuals Spinny; 1855-6, by Eev. L. Hill; 1857-8, by now by the inspiration of the Spu-it of God. Eev. E. Pettingill ; 1859-60, by Eev. A. C. Smith. The meetings were usually opened, after a sea- The present membership, including probationers, son of sitting in silence, by the utterance of some numbers 103. text of scripture in a loud scream. A large por- tion of what was said consisted of texts of FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. scripture. Much was also said by way of de- A LETTER OF A. M. AMSDEN. FKOM nunciation of ministers and churches, charging There are quite a number of this denomina- them with tradition, superstition, hypocrisy, etc. tion in the south and west part of the town The irregularity and disorder of these meet- those of the south belong to the Maiden Church, ings was much increased by the attempt of a and the west, till last June, to the Wolcott. young man, who thought himself called to This chui-ch is now called " Wolcott and Hard- preach, to occupy the desk on the Sabbath, in wick Church." The whole number is 26. They the very midst of the scenes enacted on the floor. have had for 6 or 7 years a very flourishing Sab- The men with beards shouted and screamed, and bath School of 35 to 48 ; also a good library. the man in the pulpit exerted all the power of his The pastor. Elder Ctjmmings, died last lungs for hours together, to overpower the tumul- summer. Since then they have had no pastor, tuous noise below, and to gain the attention of but preaching three-fourths of the time by various the people. individuals. The school-house is their place of But the career of these fanatics was short. worship. Eev. Chester Wright, at that time pastor of the NEW LIGHTS. Cong. Church in Hardwick, believing that such BT EEV. J. TOBKEY. services were calculated to bring the religion of During the year 1837, a small band of fanat- the gospel into contempt, and to sow broadcast ics, who called themselves "New Lights," com- over this town and region the seeds of infidelity, menced a brief career in Hardwick. Their leader resolved to make an effort to withstand such in- had been a professed Universalist, but liis mind fluence. He accordingly gave notice that on the having become discomposed, and, as some first Sabbath in May he expected to preach with thought, partially deranged, he professed to be some reference to the proceedings at the South inspired from on high, and was not long in enlist- Meeting House during the past year, and invited ing several followers. a large audience. Great numbers were drawn together to see and Some of the most distinguished of the fanat- hear their strange doings, and soon they began ics were present on the occasion of the delivery to hold their meetings in the South Meeting of these sermons, and in the midst of the fore- House. (This meeting house was built in the noon services one of them interrupted the preach- year 1820, by Samuel French. The motto, er by a tremendous yell, which he seemed resolved "Liberty of Conscience," inscribed on its front, to continue. He was, however, immediately expressed the design of its builder that it should ordered into custody by a magistrate, and the be open to all, to hold such religious meetings as services were continued and closed as usual. they pleased.) No more than 6 or 8 persons In these sermons, Mr. Wright aimed to show took very active parts ; still, they were counte- that the fundamental error of those who believed nanced and encouraged by large numbers from themselves, or others, to be moved by the Spirit this and neighboring towns, who preferred to of God, to practise the extravagances in ques- spend their Sabbaths at the ^arclwich Theatre, tion, was this : That the Spmt of God reveals rather than to engage in a rational religious wor- to men truths, and inculcates duties contrary to, ship. Sabbath after Sabbath, for several months, or above and beyond, what may be learned from that large house was crowded with spectators. the Holy Scriptures. The " drollery " of these meetings consisted of The influence of this strange movement was jumping, swinging the arms, rolling on the floor, very deeply felt by the Chiirch of Hardwick. frightful yelling, barking in imitation of dogs, Some of the effects were only temporary, but foxes, etc. Their leader professed to have had some were of long duration. One of the leaders it revealed to him that men should not shave hung himself not very long after the excitement they accordingly suffered their beards to grow for ceased. several months, until it was revealed to another Notwithstanding the feelings of sadness and re- that they must all be shaved, and it was done. gret with which the Christian now calls to mind It was believed that the seeds of these extrav- these scenes, lie yet desires to erect a monument agances had been sowing for a long time in con- to their memory, that so future pilgrims may say, nection with the notion that the fourth com- " It is true. Christian did here meet with Apoll- mandment is not obligatory under the gospel yon, with whom he had also a sore combat," dispensation, — that much of the religion of and that they, like Christiana and her children, regular evangelical churches is composed of hy- may see a pillar with this inscription upon it, pocrisy or of human tradition, and that special " Let Christian's slips before he came hither, and ' 330 VERMONT HISTORICAL RIAGAZINE. the battles that he met ^vith in this place, be a white mantle of snow, covering the ground with waniint' to those that corao after." a depth of at least 15 inches. A messenger was sent to Hardwick, requesting the friends of tho BIOGRAPHICAIi. family to send teams to bring them on their jour- ney. Three sleds, with wild steers, were sent. ELDER AMOS TUTTLE. Two of them were loaded with the goods, and The following sketch will be found to contain the third was fitted up with boxes for seats, and facts of great interest, and of liistorical import- with plenty of straw, to carry the sick, disheart- ance, presenting as they do a vivid picture of ened, and weeping mother and children. Mr. the labors, trials, and hardships of the early set- David Tuttle, who was then a boy, says, " As tlers of the town. The facts are furnished by we reached the bottom of the awful hill by wliich Capt. David Tuttle of South Hardwick, the old- the Hazen road descends to the Lamoille River, est son of the Elder. the sleds stopped that the bridge might be re- Amos Tuttle was bom in Southbury, Ct., Oct. paired. I saw my mother, brother, and httle sis- 31, 1761, was manied to Rachel T. Jones, June ters all in tears, and shall never forget the ex- 16, 1782, lost a large property soon after his mar- pression of anguish with which my mother said, riage through the rascality of a man in high life, 'Dear husband, where are you taking me 9 I and in 1788 engaged in the boot and shoe shall die, and what will become of the children 1 business in the town of Washington, Ct. He It sobered me for the rest of that day, and brings was at that time a noted infidel, and strong in tears to my eyes now in my old age, as I relate argument ; but soon, although there was no reli- it." gious excitement in the neighborhood, his atten- They turned oflT from the Hazen road near tion became powerfully attracted to the subject the place where L. H. Delano, Esq., now resides, of personal religion. He began to attend wor- followed a nan-ow sled-path which wound ship in an adjoining town. New Preston ; experi- tlu'ough the woods, crossed the Tuttle brook at a enced a change of heart, and connected himself place above where the road now crosses, ascended with the Baptist Church in New Preston, of the steep bank by doubling the teams, and passed which Rev. Isaac Root was the pastor. Soon through a burnt slash to the house of Mark after this, he prepared liimself to preach the gos- Moms. pel, and was settled over a church in the town of Tlie journey being thus safely over, the next Litchfield, Ct. care of our j^ioneer pastor was to find a house Rev. Mr. Root moved about this time to Dan- for his family. There was an empty log shanty ville, Vt., and was settled over the first Baptist to be had, but it was much out of repair. ]Mr. Church in that town. Retm-ning to Connecticut Tuttle was strong and healthy however, and, for a visit, he called upon Mr. Tuttle, and gave with the aid of his friends, he succeeded, by the him such a description of the beauty and fertil- middle of November, in making it habitable. ity of Northern Vermont, that, notwithstanding There were, to be sure, neither windows nor cup- the urgent invitation of another friend calling boards nor chimney, and the hut itself was only him to "Western New York, Mr. Tuttle conclud- 12 feet by 15, but he cut some holes through the ed to visit Vermont the next season. Accord- logs and pasted oiled paper over them for win- ingly, in June, 1794, he came to Danville, and dows, and the smoke found its own way upwards. thence to Walden, Hardwick, Greensboro', and A successful hunt on snow-shoes on the West Craftsbuiy, became acquainted with the inhabi- Hill, in which three moose were killed by his tants, and found that a chm'ch could be organ- paity, provided the family with meat for a time. ized from the four last towns, the majority of the He was so fortunate, also, as to prociire a members living in Hardwick. A church was bushel of salt of a peddler by.paying five dol- formed. Mr. Tuttle was called to settle as min- lars in cash. The price of salt seems to haVe ister of the town and church, and he accepted. risen higher still, or else money must have be- In the month of Oct. 179.5, he started with his come scarce, for the next year he paid six bush- family from Litchfield for Hardwick. Such a els of wheat for one of salt, and this in prefer- journey was in those days a great undertaking. ence to paying three dollars cash. " They were fifteen days on the way, but meeting After thus providing these creature com- with no more serious accident than the breaking forts," the next question seems to have been how of the wagon, they amved at Oilman's, in Wal- to get about his parish. His gumption soon den, during the night of the 31st of October, in found the way. A " Tom-pung," as he called it, the midst of a hard rain-storai. Beds were soon was hewed out and put together with wooden taken from the wagon and placed on the floor of pins and rods, and the pieces of rope which had the little bark-covered log house, and our cold, been used as binders on the jom-ncy he made tired immigrants lay down to rest. There was into a kind of harness, sufiicient at least to fasten not a pane of glass about the house, and so no the horse to the pung, and to guide him through sign of day appeared until the door was opened the woods. in the morning. Then day appeared indeed, and The town of Hardwick was organized March with it, to tho great surpiiso of all, appeared a 31, 1795. In April, 1796, tho town met and ; HARDWICK. 331 voted to unite Avith the Baptist Churcli in settling old home about two years, preached his last sei'- Mr. Tuttle as minister of the town. He was mon at the funeral of a son of Col. Warner, installed in June following. The people being soon after which he was prostrated by a painful poor, it was agreed that he should receive no sal- disease, and died a lingering but peaceful death, ary during the first four years ! By a provision February, 1833, aged 72 years. His body was of the town charter, however, he was entitled to buried in the Hazen Eoad Cemetery, where he draw three lots of land, as the first minister of had attended the first burial ever made there. the town. One of these lots he sold for a little On that occasion he had remarked to those pres- money and a little wheat, to be paid in four an- ent, that, in all probability, his own body would nual instalments. moulder to dust in that ground. A short time Soon after his installation, Mr. Tuttle went to before his death his two sons were expecting to work to clear a piece of land and build himself a carry his remains to Fairfax and deposit them log house. By the middle of November, he near those of his wife ; but their father said that completed his work, and in just one year from although this seemed pleasing to him at first the time the family had first huddled themselves view, yet the travelling was so bad and the dis- into the little hut, they moved into the largest tance so great, that it was his preference to be and best log house in town, 32 feet by 15. buried at the Hazen Road Cemetery. And so The Sabbath worship was held in this house his prophecy came true. during the winter months, and in barns in differ- ELNATHAN STEONG. ent parts of the town during the sumner. But the sorest trials of this servant of God Dea. Elnathan Stx'ong was bom in Chatham, were yet to come. They were of quite a differ- Ct., March 25, 1787. He was the son of Eev. ent nature from any that he had ever before Cyprian Strong, who was for many years a min- experienced, nor can they be related, — for time ister of the gospel in Chatham. He left home and language would fail. Unlearned and igno- when quite young, and lived with a relative in rant men sowed seeds of disaffection and vanity Windsor, Vt. He afterwards removed to Dan- in the church, and the little flock was divided. ville, where he abode until the year 1808, when Only a few firm friends stayed by their pastor, he removed to Hardwick. About two years after and tried to comfort and strengthea him. He coming to this town, he united himself with the still continued to preach in town, and as there Congregational Church. He was married to were Congregational church members in Hard- Jane Chamberlain, Oct. 17, 1820. Was chosen wick, it was thought best to organize a Congre- deacon of the chm'ch in the year 1826, which gational church, and to employ Mr. Tuttle as office he continued to hold until his death, which their pastor. Eor three years he ministered to occurred June 19, 1843. them, at the expiration of which time he was In a discourse preached on the occasion of his " urged to accept a call from the Baptist Church death, the Eev. O. A. Hubbard says : I should in Fairfax, Vt. A meeting of the Congrega- shrink from anything like mere eulogium in regard tional brethren was called, and it was concluded to any individual, and certainly in regard to one, to consent to his departure. a leading trait of whose character was modesty, During the same year, he was settled as the and of whom it is well known .that he rather first minister in Fairfax, and received the por- shunned observation than sought it. Deacon tion of land granted to him ex officio. He did Strong possessed a native discrimination of mind, not retain possession of it, however, but gave it and an accuracy of judgment, that fall to the for the benefit of the town district schools. For lot of exceedingly few. Scarcely ever have I a time, he labored here with great acceptance seen the individual that would investigate a but sorrow was again on his track. An Old complex subject with greater readiness, or pro- and New School controversy arose in the church, nouce, in regard to it, a more correct decision ; a schism occurred, some of the most prominent for while he was quick of apprehension, he was men moved out of town, and Mr. Tuttle, find- careful and deliberate in arriving at his conclu- ing that his usefulness there was at an end, re- sions. Although in early life his opportunities quested a dismission, which was granted in 1811. for education had been quite limited, yet he was, Eesolving to devote himself to the work of a at least, in the practical sense of that word, a missionary, he visited most of the towns in Ver- close and accurate scholar." mont, and many of the townships bordering on Deacon Strong was especially distinguished in the line in Canada. During this time he made regard to the extent and accuracy of his knowl- his home in Hardwick ; but he afterwards re- edge of the Bible. He also possessed a peculiar moved again to Fairfax, where his daughters power of illustrating scripture ti-uth, wliich fit- were married and settled. He remained at Fair- ted him to fill with great acceptance the place of fax until the death of his wife, when he finally a teacher in the Sabbath School, and made his returned to Hardwick to spend the remainder of presence always welcome in the conference meet- his days with his son, in the very house which ing- his own hands had built in the vigor and strength He was a man of marked integrity and upright- of manhood. He lived after his return to his ness. His prevailing tone of Christian character ; 332 VERMONT HISTORICAL IVIAGAZINE. was that of a meek, spiritual, and consistent disci- FROM A BIOGRAPHY BY REV. CHESTER WRIGHT. or ple ; never giving utterance to common-place SAMUEL STEVENS, cant expressions in regard to feeling, exercises, Son of Capt. Simeon Stevens, an officer in the ; exhibiting a heart softened, humbled, etc. but army of the Revolution, was a native of New- elevated the Divine grace, directed to the and by bury. Early bereft of father and mother, the extension of the church and the salvation of the promise to the orphan was verified to him ; for in world, one of those men whose rehgion seems — the midst of corrupt examples, compelled to hear to consist in being and doing, and that heartily profanity, exposed to all the allm-ements of vice, and liberally. His home was always open to the he yet never defiled his lips with an oath, or fol- servants of God, and they loved to linger there. lowed the multitude to do evil. He was appren- Providence with large means, he ex- Favored by ticed to a man who required various kinds of emplified the principle, " It is more much of service, and who, contrary to agreement, gave blessed to give than receive." His memory to him few opportunities for mental improvement, will long be cherished by all who knew him, and a deprivation he deeply lamented during his life. especially the of the church, of by members In his minority he gave proof of his native counsellor, and the which he was the father, the strength of mind, enterprise, and rare business almoner. talents for which he was afterwards distinguished. In 1798, he came to Hardwick, and, with a ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHY. small patrimony left him by his father, together BY MISS STEVENS, with his own gains, he purchased a wild lot, ISRAEL SANBORN erected a log house, and, the same year, was married to Miss Puah Mellen, of Holliston, And wife emigrated from Lee, N. H., to Hard- Mass. They were the first settlers of the flour- wick, in 1794. They were a valuable addition to isliing village East Hardwick, formerly called the new settlement. He was first town treasurer, Stevens's Village. He built the first mills in which office, with others, he held many years. town, a saw-mill in 1798, and a grist-mill in 1800, A benevolent regard for others was a character- and prosecuted various brandies of business istic of Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn. Their log barn was remarkable for his promptness in making was often occupied as a school-room, and their contracts, for the energy with which he carried house for a church and town hall ; and at one forward whatever he undertook, and his strict in- time, when the people had been exposed to the tegrity in all his dealings. For 21 years he was small pox, was thrown open for a pest house. town treasurer ; was one of the first in the tem- Families in need of a temporary home till they perance reform, practising abstinence from all could build, were kindly received here. They intoxicating drinks, and requiiing the same of were both church-members. As an illustration all in his employ. He gave land on which to of the Christian character of Mr. S., we may be build a store on condition that it should be a allowed to offer the following anecdote. There temperance one. The carrying out of these existed a little difference between him and a temperance principles exerted a moral influence neighbor in regard to a road. The neighbor that is still felt in the village. " Mr. and Mrs. S. called to see about it. Mr. S. was at the barn. manifested a deep interest, also, in the cause of Going out to the barn, he did not see him, but education. They were, moreover, noted for hos- heard the voice of prayer. Mr. S. was implor- pitality. Ministers, friends generally, and the ing a blessing upon each neighbor by name. travellers, as well, seeking entertainment, always The one present was not omitted. Never after- found a welcome. Both members of the Con- ward did the latter doubt the honesty of his gregational Church, they manifested their piety neighbor S. In a word, his was in every way a by their willingness to support the gospel, and noble nature. But, " Our fathers, where are by their regard for the requirements of God. theyl" They lived happy and died happy, and their DEA. THOMAS FULLER memory is blcsssed. "Was a native of Cape Cod, and early left an FROM A niOGKAPIlY BY REV. C. WRIGHT. orphan. At the age of 16 he went to Hardwick, Mass., where some years after he married Lydia, SniEON H. STEVENS, daughter of Colonel Page, and in 1798 removed •' Third son of the foregoing, was a young man of ; at the to Hardwick, Vt. He was of Puritan descent, much promise a graduate ( ) Uni- and strictly carried out their principles in the versity of Vermont ; conducted for a season the training of his family, and matters pertaining to Craftsbury Seminary ; and commenced the study the church and society generally. of theology in the Bangor (M. E.) Theological His public spirit and capability to serve the Seminary. In consequence, however, of failing town gave him frequent offices and the confi- health, he was obliged to abandon all anticipa- dence of the people. He aided in the organiza- tions in reference to the ministry. He, never- tion of the first Congregational Church, and was theless, was married about this time to Miss M elected its first deacon, which office he held till A. Young, daughter of Hon. Augustus Young, his death, in 1823. and settled upon a farm in his native to^vn. But ; HARDWICK. 333 with returning health, desiring a wider field in FRANCIS WHIPPLE which to labor for the good of his fellow-men, And wife came into Hardwick with their son, he removed to Johnson, and became Principal Joel Whipple, and famUy, in 1804, from New of the Lamoille Co. Grammar School. A year Braintree. He was a very jovial man, much had not elapsed, when he was suddenly removed given to anecdote, but firm in principle, and a by death. His remains were intenred in Hard- very industrious, economical, and useful citizen. wick. It was remarked upon the occasion of In his last sickness his prayer was especially for his funeral that the large audience were all the welfare of the church. He died in 1823, aged mourners." 81. His wife, Mrs. Whipple, was a woman of LEVI GOODKICH superior mind, and a mother in Israel, beloved Settled from Massachusetts in 1798. A worthy by all, young and old. She possessed a great and efficient man in the town and the church. fund of cheerfulness, and was often very shrewd. A fanatical minister once called, and said, " You SAMUEL FRENCH, sometimes entertain ministers." " Yes, if they Born in Hoosich, Mass., came to Hardwick, Vt., have a recommendation." "And what would about 1800. He married Tabitha Dow, a sister you say at one from heaven 1" — " Go straight " of the far-famed Lorenzo Dow, a woman of tal- back, 'tis a poor country here for such a man ! ent, and agreeable and lady-like. "He was When a widow, an aged man asked her to be- considered a man of talent, especially in public come his wife. In answer, "Why, Mi-. B., we speaking." He was one of Nature's noblest are nothing but old cMldi-en. You have one foot sons, but was peculiar in his religious feelings in the grave, the other will be there soon. You yet it was true of him that he entertained no had better go home, read your Bible, and pre- " sectarian views. Sectional variances delayed pare to die, than to be here on such an errand ! the building of a church for worship, and he was She was very industrious ; some of her last led to feel a special order from heaven to build a work was spinning linen for a web. She warped house for the Lord. This he did almost wholly it, forgot to tie the leases, and, as she took it unaided in 1820, which was the first church- from the bars, a gust of wind blew the whole into building in town to be occupied by all denomi- an irrecoverable snarl. " And is this the great nations. He never would sell or deed it to any Babylon I have built 1 a just rebuke to my pride ! sect ; the Congregational Church made repeated and vanity " She was a friend to the sick and efforts to purchase it. Although it is conceded needy, and such was her great disinterestedness that liis motive to furnish the town with a and every-day piety, she was a fit counsellor for chm'ch was good, yet the result was, contrary to all. The last years of her life she made her his expectations, deleterious to the town. The friends a yearly visit. She always chose to walk. inscription, "Liberty of Conscience," gave all a People, sick or well, ever gave her a cheer- right of occupancy ; but finally it was used in a ful welcome. " Grandma is coming," has been way foreign to the worship of God, and the in- echoed from many a child's glad heart. The tent of the builder. He was repeatedly urged words of wisdom and instruction which were to serve the town in a public capacity ; though a dropped from her lips are as golden treas- phUantliropic man, he always despised office. ures in the memory of those who knew her. On once being asked to run as a candidate for The last visit she made was in December. She representative, he declared "he would not go if walked half a mile to see a sick man. The elected." He was very kind in his family, a effijrt was too much, and proved the occasion of good neighbor and citizen. He died in 1848, her death. Her last audible prayer was, " Clothe aged 69 yeai-s. me in the righteousness of Christ, and may I, in the morning DR. AMASA MORSE of the resurrection, rise in the image ! of my Saviour " She died Dec. 1833, aged 89. Was the first physician in Hardwick. He came into town with his family in 1800, and contmued DEA. JOEL "WHIPPLE in practice until his death. "He was a very Inherited the ready wit of his mother, and the kind and feeling man, and a good family physi- firmness of his father. Was very active in town cian." He died in 1820, aged 46 years. His business, and in promoting schools. He was wife survived him nearly 40 years — an active elected deacon of the Congregational Church in energetically woman, who met the wants of a 1821, which office he held till his death, in 1827. large family. She was a very shrewd but useful During this time, the church was subjected to in woman community, and a professing Chris- severe trials, and a division, caused by the locat- tian. She died in 1859, in the 82d year of her ing a house of worship. age. He gave liberally, and was firm and perse- CAPT. JOHN C. BRIDGEMAN, vering in his efforts to accomplish the work of From Coventry, Conn., to Hardwick, the first building a house for the Lord. The brethren settler in the south part of the town, served the were nerved on to action by his cheerful, hopeful town in different ways. Was a very kind man spirit ; the pastor encom-aged ; religion honored to Ms friends, and in his family. by his love to Gx)d, to the church, and his fellow- 334 VERMONT HISTOEICAL MAGAZINE. man, aud in the promotion of peace and har- a traveller would ride a little later or go a littlo mony, for which ho was especially distinguished. further to get to "Warner's." In 1816, he had the misfortune to lose, by death, the companion WHIPPLE, MRS. MARTHA of his early years. In 1818, he was married His wife, was a woman of great refinement, again to ilrs. Anna Burton, whose death pre- meek, and Christ-like. She, and also her hus- ceded his but a short time. He went West in band, joined in singing praises to Grod in his 1853, aud died Jan. 1854, at Chillicothe, Ohio, house till thek death. The tones of her voice in the 84tli year of his age. were sweet and melodious. She died in 1836, Col. Wai'uer was one of the principal men by aged 54 years. whose influence the name of the tovm was called FRANCIS P. WHIPPLE, after " Old Hard\vick, Mass." He was one of Their oldest son, a graduate of Middlebury Col- the early representatives of the town in the State lege, and principal of an academy in Granville, Legislatm-e. A member of the church, he con- tinued in N. Y., died in 1830, aged 25. He was intending his Chi-istian profession up to Ids death. to enter the ministry. He was a very public-spirited man, always fa- vored improvements, especially of roads. HORATIO NELSON, He was considered a man of good judgment Their third son, two years in Amherst College, upon matters of eveiy-day life. This father of was taken sick, and obliged to leave. Having the town had the gratification to witness repeated paitially recovered, he engaged in teaching in rewards of his usefulness and public generositj', Medway, Mass. Ho taught but a short time, the waving grains take the place of the wilder- however, before he went to his uncle Levi Whip- ness, the town teem with life and activity, the ple's, in Putman, Ohio, where he died of con- thoroughfares busy with the hun-ied traveller, sumption in 1835, aged 26 years. and society flomish under the nurture of truth He, too, had decided to be a minister. He was and virtue. very devoted, useful Chiistian ; unassuming, a [We are also indebted to Dr. Hyde for helping pleasing in liis ways, and had the love and gather and copy other historical material, both in esteem of all who knew him. and near this section. — ed.] CHARLES WHIPPLE, The youngest son and brother, commenced a EXTRACT OF A LETTER. preparatory course of study, with the ministry in FKOM MISS STEVENS. view, but relinquished his cherished wishes to Mr. David Tuttle, son of Eev. Amos Tut- live with and care for his widowed mother ; but the angel of death claimed yet another. He died tle, the first minister of Hardwick, who has lived in 1832, aged 21. in town longer than any other person now living, says we are mistaken in one item of history — J. B. NORRIS, REV. HARDWICK that is, of the first bm-ial of an adult in town. In Son of Deacon Nathaniel Norris, the second the history, we have written of a Mr. Sinclair, an man who came, with his family, to settle in aged man, that he died in 1796, and was bmied Hardmck, was the first child born in town in a log dug out, etc. Mi-. Tuttle says he was 13 (1792), and named Hakdwick in honor thereof. years old ; remembers well of his death, funeral, In early life he became a preacher and member and burial. His father attended or heard the ex- of the Vermont Methodist Conference ; and, not- ercises. He says liis coffin was made of pine withstanding the accumulating care of a large boards, and painted black. Still Mr. Sinclair, a family, was an itinerant for many yeai-s — for great-grandcluld of the one in question, claims more than forty a faithful minister of the gos- that he was interred in a log, as described. He pel. January, 1861, he left the vineyard of toil says, his mother was at the funeral, etc. In for the banqueting house above. Greensboro', two miles away, there was a good saw-mill ; with means at hand, we can hardly COL. ALPHA WARNER. suppose so rude a coffin would have been pre- BY A. J. HYDE, M. D. feiTcd. Colonel Warner was bom in Hardwick, ]\Ir. Tuttle says, before the town was settled Mass., Dec. 1770, and removed to Hardwick, but after the clearing made by Messrs. Safford Vt., 1796, following the old military road to and Page, a Mr. Satford, the one who worked Canada, opened through the wilderness by Col. with IVIr. Page, or a man by the same name, Hazen. Soon after he came here, he was mar- was moving with Ms family through Hardwick ried to Miss Lydia Cobb, of IIard^vick, Mass. to Cambridge. They encamped for the night in As the old sign shows, bearing the date of the hut built l)y Peter Page. He was taken with 1797, he, this year, opened a house of entertain- bilious colic, and died ; and Mr. Tuttle says, ment on the Hazen Eoad, and presided in the Ml-. Safford's son told him that they were capacity of host for nearly 60 years. This house obliged to dig out a bass log to bury him in. was one of the most noted in Vermont, and many He was interred near the stopping-place. This, ;; — ; ; HAEDWICK. 335 perhaps, gave rise to the story of Mr. Sinclair's I AM PASSING THROUGH THE VALLEY. being buried in such a coffin. Miss Jane Ann Porter, bom in East Hard- wick, in 1832, died December, 1855. The fol- THOUGHTS OF THE PRESENT, AND BEMI- lines weeks before her NISCENCES OF THE PAST. lowing were written three death : — I am an old man, seventy-eight to-day. I am I am passinof through the valley the only person living in this town that was liv- Called by mortals dark and drear ing in it at the time it was organized. I have Where the dread death-angel reigneth, seen its growth for the last sixty-six years ; have Striking stoutest hearts with fear. shared in its trials, prosperity, and honors, and Round me rolls the rapid river, have now retired from business with little capital, And the breaking waves dash high except a middHng clear conscience, excellent But they shall not overwhelm me, health for one of my age, many friends, and not For my Saviour still is nigh. an enemy that I know. If I have any, we never One strong arm around me circles, meet ; so I am pleasantly situated at the present, While the other points above he whispers to spirit and visit my friends often, in which I take great And my Words of holy peace and love. satisfaction. I meet citizens of this town, with their splen- Ah ! this valley, dark and lonely, Is not dark and lone to me did equipage, on a good smooth road, where I, For the Star of Bethlehem gleaming sixty odd years ago, found my way through then Through the rippled clouds I see. a dense forest, by blazed ti-ees. Not long since, Brighter yet it grows, and brighter, I was on an eminence where, in by-gone days, I Till the shadows disappear followed my sable line. Then I could see but a And the shore of life eternal few rods into the great woods ; now, from that Rises to my vision clear. stand-point, I can see many splendid farms and Forms of loveliness excelling even look in residences, and upon adjoining All I've ever seen before. towns. I stood for a time enjoying the beauti- Wait to welcome me to glory, ful prospect, contrasting it with the pasf, when When my pilgrimage is o'er. thoughts crossed my mind of the great West ; and I said, Wliat is this, compared with that I have THE LIFE OF A MISSIONARY. seen there 1 Here, it has taken over half a cen- BY MES. E. S. INGALLS. change. There, tury to bring about this I have Many long years since, I can just perceive in seen on the shores of the great lakes, and on the the distance a ruddy youth of beautiful counte- the of Waters, villages banks of Father grow up nance, full of animation, of kindly disposition, larger than this town at in a few months owns dearly beloved by all his friends, full of zeal for the present. But soon my thoughts were again the extension of the Redeemer's kingdom, ready on the landscape before me, and I said, mentally, to triumph over filial, fraternal, and social affec- though this has been a slow work compared with tions, to go far hence among the aborigines of some of young America for a few years past, the Western wilds. yet it has been sure. The splendid farms and Distances were not then shortened to the ex- residences that I see here, the occupants own, tent that they now are. It was a long, long way have to let; whereas and money those I have over hill and dale, terminating at last in literally seen grow up so rapidly at the West, some cap- a howhng wilderness, with no other road than an italist living East holds a mortgage for much Indian trail, where the wolves played well their more than they can be sold for in these hard part. times. Although I admire those Western States, This young missionary was among the pio- believing they — are destined to be the heart of neers to the Cherokee nation, therefore subjected the greatest republic on earth, I — am compelled to all the privations incident to a first expedi- to say, Vermont is a good httle State to live in, tion. He at once fixed his habitation among the all that is after done and said. The Vermonters red man's wigwams, where the forest was not have ever done then- and thinking, own work and only to be feUed, but the wild man tamed. At continue will to for a long time to come, I am the very commencement he reared the standard confident. of Immanuel, and to the nations around told the Ladies and gentlemen, citizens of the town of story of Jesus. Faster than his means would Hardwick, Caledonia County, and State of Ver- allow, he would have collected the youth and mont, I wish you all the happi- prosperity and children into schools. belongs to ness that a correct and vktuous com- That knowledge might be diffused the whole munity, David Tuttle. length and breadth of the nation, he often itine- South Hardwick, Feb. 20, 1861. rated. More than once on the excursions was he [We thank most cordially this Hardwick father compelled to subsist on the productions of nat- for his contribution. How many other towns will ure, without any material modification of art to send, for our Literary Department, a tribute from render his dish palatable. In a letter to his their oldest man living i" When old men talk, we love to listen. — ed.] friends he remarked, " I often make my breakfast " 33G VERMONT HISTORICAL ]\LVGAZINE. of a water-melon, and my dinner and supper on faithfully pui'suing his labors of love ; but the cucumbers and green corn. white man coveted the highly productive land " All day have I rode in the rain, swam deep of the Indians, who, after long and grievous creeks, and at night laid down in my drenched abuses, were removed fi-om their cherished homes, clothes on the ground, and slept quietly, unin- to the uncultivated regions of the " far West," jured by exposure. So you see I have great rea- where thousands, victims to the change, found an son to praise God for a good constitution." early grave. In process of time other missionaries were The missionary, after laboring more than 20 sent to the Cherokee nation, among whom some years with the Indians, was employed by the whole fiimihes, that the nations might have a Home IMissionary Society to labor in Illinois. sample of good order and industry to awake But he has gone to his reward. He died 1841, their dormant energies. From one of these fam- while attending the Presbytery at Alton, 111. ilies this missionary selected a companion. Tliis His name was Rev. Wm. Chamberlain, a was the first Christian marriage celebrated in native of Bradford, Vt. He passed several the Cherokee nation, therefore publicly solem- years in Hardwick, where he was converted, and nized in the presence of many natives, who soon sent forth to the missionary work. learned the propriety of the institution. While visiting his friends in Vermont in 1835, A single instance out of thousands will show an uncle inquired if he had made any provision that they were mutual sharers of trials of no for his future support ? " Certainly." "Where "? orinary kind. Once when they were journey- "In Heaven," was the emphatic reply. "I ing on horseback from one station to another, commit all to the care of my Heavenly Father." the distance of 50 miles or more, the sable cur- Subsequent events proved his faith genuine, and tains of night encircled them while they were still the gracious promises immutable. On his re- in the midst of a dense forest, the rain descend- turn, provision was made for the education of ing in torrents. There was no alternative but two of his daughters. Mr. Fanshaw, of N. Y., to remain through the night. The first effort to well known as the printer and agent of the obtain fii-e, doubtless by friction, forced the American Tract Society, educated one ; a lady whole apparatus from his grasp, while the dark- in Brooklyn, another. When the faithful mis- ness rendered the search for it wholly unavailing. sionary was called suddenly away, aid was im- A shelter composed of their saddles and a few mediately proffered. Rev. S. Worcester, of Sa- barks was all a tender female and helpless infant lem, Mass., whose father was the first Secretary had to shield them a whole night from the pelt- of the Board of Foreign Missions, and died at ing storm. The little one, notwithstanding all Brainard, Cherokee Nation, at the house of Mr. the defence its mother could afford, was so com- C, who closed his eyes, and committed dust to dust, claimed the privilege of educating pletely drenched as to wear marks of its ' green one ; all cap until its hair was of sufficient length to be the others were kindly educated by benevolent cropped from its head. individuals. While on a visit to his friends in Hardwick, relating some of the various scenes through which KIKBY. he had passed, his friends inquired " Why he did ET CHARLES H. GRAVES. not mention in his public addresses some of the many trials he had to encounter on missionary A TOWNSHIP lying in the easterly part of ground 1" "1 should blush to hold up to pub- Caledonia County, and very well adapted to lic gaze my trials, while the goodness and mercy agricultural pursuits — the soil being generally of my Heavenly Father have followed me all my free from stone, and consisting of a rich gravelly loam ; is well adapted to the raising of all kinds days," he replied. Very true, indeed ; praise might well dwell upon his tongue. of grain and grass, and in most parts to the He did not spend liis strength for naught. In growing of Indian corn successfully. Fruit, the course of a few years, the entire aspect of the also, grows well here ; there are some fine speci- nation was changed. "Instead of comfortless mens in town. The winter of 1858 was, how- " wigwams," he wrote, I now find good framed ever, rather unfavorable for the apple ; the old or brick houses; instead of sleeping on the growth ah-eady shows signs of decay. With the ground, I now repose on feather beds ; instead exception of a range of mountains in the east- of partaking my scanty meal with my fingers, I erly part, the town is susceptible of cultiva- now find good, wholesome food placed on a tion ; and even those mountain-lots, after being neatly-furnished table ; and, what is far better, cleared of their heavy growth of timber, i)ro- instead of the heathen, the blind worshippers of duce the best of pastm-age. Indeed, there is the ' Great Spirit,' I now find a well-organized very little waste land in town. The low lands, community, the meek and humble followers of that in the early settlement were considered too Christ Jesus, — not that it is true of the whole na- wet and swampy for cultivation, arc now the tion, but a good proportion." most productive and valuable. The township is Here I would gladly leave the Cherokee na- well watered witli springs and brooks that rise tion, and the devoted missionary, quietly and among the hills, and wind their way through the ; KIRBY. 337 valleys to tlie Passumpsic and Moose Rivers, the venient and successful house-building. Into this latter of which passes through a corner of the rude structure, and while his gable-ends were town. Along its borders arc a few excellent still open, he removed his family, consisting of a farms, but no sites for mills. Near the centre of wife and two small children. Addressing him- the town there is quite a mountain-ridge wMch self now to clearing away the forest about him, somewhat divides the business of the town. and preparing the soil for cultivation, he suc- Here is also a small pond, from wliich issues ceeded the first year in raising a sufficient amount Pond Brook, on which are erected 2 saw-mills of grain to meet the wants of his family. By and 1 starch factory, which do good business another year, without the aid of a team, he had there are also 2 other saw-mills in town in subdued enough of the forest to gather in 150 successful operation a part of the year. In the bushels of wheat. By the third year, he liad put easterly part of the township is an excellent up a framed barn — the building in which he quarry of granite, known as the " Evans quarry," thinks was taught the first school and held which, for beauty and feasibility, excels any- the first religious meeting in town (A. D. 1804). tliing of the kind yet found in this section, and That barn is still standing, and is in a good con- will, doubtless, at some future day, be exten- dition. The first saw-mill in town, moreover, sively used for building purposes. Tiie town Avas built by Mr. Jonathan Leach. did not settle very rapidly, and has never num- The to-wn charter was granted Oct. 20, 1786, bered much more than 5G0 inhabitants. There and chartered Oct. 27, 1790, to Ptoswell Hop- was nothing unusual or remarkable in the events kins, by the name of Hopkinsville, containing connected with the early settlement. In com- 11,284 acres. Subsequently, 2527 acres were mon with the early settlers of the rest of this added from the town of Burke, known as Burke region, the first Id habitants of Kirby suffered Tongue, and the name of the toAvnship altered, much inconvenience and many hardships — Hv- by an act of Legislature, in 1808, to Kirby. The ing as they did in a wilderness country, far from town was organized on the 8th of August, 1807, any market or source of supplies, and destitute and on the 29 th of the same month, the first in almost every instance of a team. town-meeting was called to elect town officers. The exact date of the first permanent settle- Selah Howe was chosen Moderator, Jonathan ment made hero is not knoTv^n. Theophilus Lewis, ToAvn Clerk, which office he held 17 Grant and Phineas Page removed thither about years. Benjamin Estabrooks, Joel Whipple, Ai'- 1792, locating near the town line adjacent to St. unah Burt, first Selectmen ; Philomen Bro\\Ti, Johnsbury. In 1800, Jonathan Leach came into first Constable ; Josiah Joslin, first Town Repre- the north part of the town, then called Bmice sentative. Tongue, and cut his first tree. Ho was soon Dr. Abncr Mills removed into town about joined by Josiah Joslin, Jude Whi^te, Jonathan 1810, practising medicine in this and adjoining Lewis, Ebcnezer Damon, Asahel Burt, Antipas towns ; but did not remain long, with the excep- Harrington, and others, mostly from Massachu- tion of the year 1813, when the prevailing epi- setts and New Hampsliu'e. Jonathan Leach demic proved very mortal here, there being 21 and wife are still living upon the same farm deaths in town, and mostly of adults. The peo- upon which he first settled, and are the only sur- ple have ever enjoyed a veiy good degree of vivors of the first company of settlers. They health. The oldest person deceased in town still enjoy comfortable health, and their mental appears, from the record, to have been Zebulon faculties are as yet very little impaired. The Burroughs, aged 84. The first birth (June 2d, age of Mr. Leach is 85 ; of Mrs. Leach, 88 or 1801) was that of Lavina Harrington. The first 89. He was a native of Bridgewater, Mass. He marriage celebrated was that of Nathaniel Reed made his first " pitch" in the town of Burke — and Sukcy Sweat, Eeb. 8, 1804. The first purchasing a lot of land near the centre of that death was that of Henry White, Sept. 3, 1803. town. While absent, however, engaged in remov- There are now seven organized school districts ing liis family from Massachusetts to their new in town. home, the proprietors obtained a new draught of In 1812, there was a Congregational Church the town, bringing his number some five miles organized, consisting of 1 1 members. Timothy to the southward of the spot where he had com- Locke was chosen first deacon, which office he menced clearing, in an unbroken wilderness. held until his death in 1850. This church has never Procuring, on his return, the assistance of a had a pastor ordained over it ; but has been im- neighbor as a guide, started out in quest of his proved a part of the time by itinerant ministers number, which, after some difficulty, he suc- from abroad. In 1824, Rev. Luther Wood united ceeded in finding. In this new location he com- with this church, and continued to preach a por- menced his labors, in the month of April, 1800. tion of the time, until, on account of the infirmi- lie erected at once a log house, though, as the ties of age, he was no longer able to perform pas- reader may readily imagine, "under difficulties," toral duties. In 1828, the church erected a innsmuch as he was destitute both of shiagles and comfortable house of worship, in wliich they con- boards, not to mention numerous other articles tinued to meet until about 1840, at which time usually deemed indispensable in order to con- the church numbered 45 members. About the ; 33S VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. same year a new church was formed at East St. the town. Not only was ho disposed to succeed, | Johnsbury. In order to enjoy bettor privileges but was eager to excel in all his pursuits. At and accommodations than what they had hitherto the age of 19, he was appointed county surveyor, been able to, a portion of the Kirl)y Chm-ch and after that did most of the surveying in this asked and obtained dismission from the latter vicinity. Ho entered the militia company, and with a view to uniting with the former. This was in due time placed at the head of the same. exodus from the old church left it in such a fee- In 1843, he Avas elected RcprescntatiYe to the '51 ble condition that it was no longer able to sus- General Assembly; in 1850 and elected ono tain stated preaching. In consequence, most of of the Assistant Judges of tlie County Court for the members have taken letters to churches in this county ; and, although he was a practical adjoining towns. farmer and never entered the school of law, yet There was a Methodist Society established here his knowledge of the science was quite extensive, as early as 1804, the class being formed under and his practice considerable. His opinions, the supervision of the Rev. Mr. Peck, of the indeed, were often sought, and liis decisions con- Lyndon charge. They were for a long time sidered very reliable, scarcely less so than the supplied -nath preaching from adjoining towns. majority of the bar. lEs death occuiTcd on the At present, however, this society is in a flourish- 3d day of September, 1858. ing condition, about 25 having been added the past year. They now number about 75 members, LYNDON. and enjoy stated preaching, — Ecv. Mr. BuUard, BY IIOX. GEO. C. CAHOON. pastor. REV. LUTHEK "WOOD. Lyndox is a six miles square toAvuship, situa- Eathcr Wood, as ho was more familiarly ted a little north of the centre of Caledonia of the Passumpsic, the called, was born in Lebanon, N. H. In 1800 he County, in the valley beautiful valley i-emovod to St. Johnsbuiy, Yt. He obtained a natiu-al northern terminus of the license to preach about 180-1. I tliink he was of the Connecticut. It is bounded S. by St. never ordained over any church. His early his- Johnsbury, cornering on the S. W. by Dan- toiy was marked with affliction, privations, and ville, Vi. by "Wheelock, N. by Sutton and Burke, Kirby, lies in latitude losses, — having been burnt out once or twice, and E. by Burke and and long. deg. and thi-own upon the charities of the world with 44 deg. 32 min. N., and in 4 54 min. interspersed liills a large family of small childi-en to sustain. His E. Its surface is uneven, with motto, however, was ever onward and upward. and valleys, carved out by the many tributaries from other At an early day he purchased a farm, and re- of the Passumpsic, flowing towns, in tliis, and forming one beautiful moved his family to this town. About 1824, he, and uniting cold and with his wife and some of his childi-en, united river. Its waters arc uncommonly into a fair with the Congregational Church here, which at pure. These rivulets divide the town upland. soil is' that time was very feeble, and the timely aid proportion of meadow and The rich loam, easy of cultivation, and very pro- which this connection afforded was joyfully i-e- a ductive. There is scarcely any barren or waste ceived by its members. He continued to preach town, and the highest hills arc ara- to them at intervals until he was called to his land in the and are usually as fertile reward. Although he never possessed so much ble to their summits, the lands, and will yield pulpit eloquence as many, yet his sermons were and productive as low harvests of any crop the farmer may deep and impressive, and fall of gospel truth. abundant choose to cultivate ; and they also afford excel- . They were more deeply impressed on the mind for neat cattle, sheep, and horses. by the fact that they came from a warm and feel- lent grazing which are ovci-flowed by the ing heart, without any affectation of over-heated The intervales, freshets, and sometimes un- imagination. He lived to the advanced age of spring and fall — luckily for the growing crops in the summer — 79, and retained his mental faculties almost to sufiBciently enriched by the alluvial deposit the end of life. Of liim it was emphatically arc given them, as not to require the manure- trao, he was a faithful servant of his Master. thus which uplands need to restore the ex- In his death the church and community sustain dressings haustions of frequent harvests. In addition to no ordinaiy loss. In his will ho bequeathed benefits, the beauty of the scenery is greatly $1800 to carry forward missionary cntei-prise. those enhanced by the vaiiety of hill and dale pro- HON. ALBERT WESLEY BURROUGHS. duced by these various streamlets. Several sites Judge Burroughs, son of Setli and Olive Bur- of excellent water-power for mills and machin- roughs, was born April 18, 1815. Although he ciy arc located in the town. The most noted of never enjoyed the advantages of what is termed these are the "Great Falls" and the "Little a classic education, being by nature a scholar, Falls," botli being on the main branch of Pas- he early manifested an ardent love for books sumpsic River, and the Great Falls on the entire the Falls, and being possessed of a discriminating mind river as it leaves town ; the head of and a disposition to improve, was, while quite over which the railroad passes, being some 60 young, initiated into the business interests of rods north of the south lino of the town, and LYNDON. 339 having a descent, in about 30 rods, of 65 feet. their race ; and they make themselves quite at The Little Falls are one mile above, having a de- home, and if reminded by the owner of the prem- scent from the bed of the river of about 20 feet. ises that they are too free-and-easy with the lands Both sites of Falls having rock beds, and rock- and property of others, they adroitly set up prior bound shores, afford good faciUties for the erec- right by priority of possession, saying, " Indians tion of factories, mills, and machinery of any were here before white men." With such squat- kind — the river being of sufficient breadth, ter sovereigns to contend with, a few presents to depth, and capacity for all needed practical pur- the matrons of the tribe, with an intimation that poses. The Great Falls have a capacity of oper- you wish them to leave, is the most efiective way ating an almost unlimited amount of machinery. for their removal. *The Connecticut and Passumpsic Rivers Rail- The town was granted by the General Assem- road, which runs tlu-ough the town north and bly of Vermont, Nov. 2, 1780, to Jonathan Ar- south near its centre, passes near both these nold and his associates — in all 53, inclusive of Falls, and affords ready transportation for the the Governors of Vermont and Rhode Island, manufactured or raw material. and the Rev. James Manning, D.D., of Provi- The town was located in the summer of 1780, dence, and the others, mostly his parishioners, by Hon. Jonathan Ai-nold, Daniel Gaboon, and uniting the interests of church and state in favor Daniel Owen, of Providence, R. I, an Explor- of the adventurers. The name Lyndon was ing Committee of an association of about fifty given it in honor of the oldest son of the first of the most enterprising citizens of that city and grantee, Doct. Arnold, whose name was Josias its vicinity, to select ungranted territory for a Lyndon. Historically it was chartered Nov. 20, township in wliich to settle a colony in the new 1780; but that recorded in the Town Clerk's State of Vermont — then famed for its beauty office bears date June 27, 1781, after its survey, and fertility— and to procure its charter. Bamet, and confers on the township the usual privileges Peacham, and Ryegate were the only towns and immunities of corporate towns, dividing the then chartered in the present limits of Caledonia proprietary shares into seventieth parts, and re- County. The approach of the committee to the serving six for public uses, viz. College, County ungranted territory was by way of the Connec- Grammar Schools, Town Schools, minister's ticut River Valley; and, as a natural continua- settlement, minister's support, and mill-right, tion of the same valley, they followed up the and 9 1-7 acres of each share for roads ; a wholo Passumpsic River to its Great and Little Falls, right containing 329 1-7 acres. Also, reserving and its extensive meadows on the main river, that each share have a settlement, with a house and its many tributaries ; and made such farther 18 feet square on it, in four years, or so soon reconnoissances as they deemed necessaiy, to be after the war as safety will allow. Josias Lyn- sure that they were right. They then, from the don Arnold was a native of Providence, liber- summit of the high conical hill south-east of the ally educated, and professionally a lawyer, and " Corner Village," with the eye fixed the out- also a poet. He settled at St. Johnsbury at an lines now forming the boundaries of the town of early day, but it is said that his social and edu- Lyndon, as best comporting with the interests of cational tastes did not perfectly harmonize with their mission ; and all will agree that it was backwoods life. He was probably the first a very judicious selection. Before its charter- lawyer settled within the present limits of the grant, the territory thus selected was called Best- county. He died in 1792, and left a widow and bury. The author of the name is unknown, but it daughter. The widow afterwards mamed the is indicative of the same sentiment in the sojourn- Hon. Charles Marsh, of Woodstock, and was ers in the wilderness, which has been entertained mother of the Hon. George P. Marsh, the pres- by its settlers — that it is the better land for an ent American Minister to Sardinia. The Hon. earthly habitation. It appears to have been the Jonathan Arnold, first grantee of the town, hunting and fishing-ground of the native Ameri- having afterwards obtained the charters of Billy- can ; and many arrow-points of flint, and other mead and St. Johnsbury, and settled in the last implements — made and used by Indians — of town, died therein in 1793. stone, were found by the early settlers about the The natural productions of grain are wheat, Falls, in the river, and on the late Gen. Gaboon's rye, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, and the usual farm, indicating that those pleasant fields, which cuKnary vegetables of the State ; these are have been the chosen grounds for military pa- grown for home consumption, and some for rades and mock-fights, in modern times, were market. More oats are raised than all other also the battle-grounds of the aborigines at an grains, as they furnish good forage both by the earlier period. grain and the straw, and they find a more ready The St. Francis Indians Avere the last known market, and are a very sure crop. Wheat used to occupy this part of Vermont, and scarcely a to bo grown in great abundance, and formed year passes without some of the descendants of quite an article of traffic, and the soil is well that tribe come out of Canada in families, and adapted to its culture at the present time ; but select some favorite grove to encamp in, to make the weevil has been its great enemy, and the and peddle baskets and nick-nacks peculiar to cause of the failure of the crop for years ; but ; ; 3-10 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. many farms have recently successfully tiicd the sumptuously than such adventurers would now. crop acrain, and others will do well to follow the His first experience in housekeeping was in a example. Potatoes have given good profits for camp of boughs ; and then in one covered with their cultivation for several years, and partic- baik peeled from the trees in large sheets, and ulai-ly since the construction of the raihoad afterwards in the log house, covered with the through the town for exportation, and were hc- same material, keeping bachelor's hall. After foi'c that much grown for starch, as at a previous his beginning, others followed in Ins wake, and period for the maldug of whiskey. Eye and bar- shortly many a new opening was made in the ley were formerly grown here for malt and dis- forest, and many a smoke, rolling upward, indi- tillation ; but the worm of the still has long cated that human habitations were there in pro- since ceased to devour cither the potatoes, the gress of construction. Jonathan Davis, Jonas rvc or the barley, and they are all much more Sprague, Nathan Ilines, and Daniel Hall, were used for the feeding of cattle than formerly. of the number. They did not attempt a winter's The growing of grain is not always so ready residence, but retired to their friends for more paying as the raising of neat-cattle, sheep, and comfortable quarters ; and, after rest and social horses. In all these, Lyndon holds a prominent cnjojmient, and obtaining supplies of necessaries, position. The Shearman, the Root, and the Bc- tlie former adventurers returned the next spring, miss Morgans, have enjoyed a world-wide rci^uta- 17S9, invigorated and with new zeal in their en- tion. About a year since, a purchaser from the terprises,— and one at least with a new stimulant State of Georgia came here to buy a colt at a price to action, — and that was Davis, with his wife, of one thousand dollars. For symmetry of fonn, the first female settler of the town, they making and for beauty of action, and for speed, they are it their home in Mr. Gaboon's new log liouse. unrivalled. Vermont horses rank high, and Tliis year, most of the beginners of the previous Ljmdon horses rank with the highest. And so year, with several others, moved their famihes as to neat-cattle and sheep. Lyndon furnishes into town ; and this year and the next were so her fidl share of good oxen and good cows, and well prospered and increased, that in 1791, so stock of every description, and a fair proportion many had commenced settlements in different of the Vermont butter found in market comes parts of the town, that it became desirable to from tliis quarter ; and many beef cattle, sheep, have it organized for the making and repairing lambs, and calves, arc marketed from tliis same roads and bridges, and the better managing the region. Another rich product of the town is prudential affairs of the community ; and with maple sugar, relieving the North from subser- the patriotic purpose of duly honoring the 4th of life. its viency to the South for the sweets of July, they fixed on that day for organization ; The native forest-trees arc wliite pine, spruce, Abraham Morrill, Esq., of Wheelock, warning hemlock, fir, and cedar, of evergreens, and of the meeting, and presiding until it was effected annual foliage the sugar-maple is predominant by the choice of Elder Philemon Hines, Modera- beech, birch, bass-wood, butternut, elm, ash, and tor. Daniel Cahoon, Jr.,was elected Town Clerk tamarack, interspersed with a variety of trees of James Spooner, Daniel Reniff, and Daniel Ca- smaller growth, both ornamental and useful, as hoon, Jr., Selectmen and Listers ; Nehemiah the cherry, the moosemissa, the raspberry, and Tu5kcr, Treasurer, and Nathan Hines, Consta- blackberry — the two latter, with the delicious ble and Collector. There were, at the time of strawberry of the hay-field, yielding rich nutri- taking the census this year, 59 inhabitants. tive fruit, contributing much to good living. It was "Voted to have the Selectmen di^ide Tiie grant of the township being to citizens of the town into six highway districts, to convene Rhode Island, so most of its early settlers came the inhabitants in working on the highways near from tliat State and its viciniiy, Scekonk and home," and surveyors were chosen ; then voted Reholjoth, Mass. Others came from the interior to adjourn the meeting to August 1st. of Massachusetts, and the valley of the Connec- At the adjourned meeting, as expressed by ticut River in Massachusetts, Vermont, and New the record, " Thinking it necessary, and highly that Hampshire ; and some from the interior of New conducive to the settlement of the town, Hampslnrc, — Sandwich, and its neighborhood. measures be taken to open new roads, and erect The first settlement was commenced by Dan- bridges for the convenience of the inhabitants iel Cahoon, Jr., a native of Providence, R. I., of this and other towns, where the roads are then coming from Winchester, N. IT. He, with almost impassable," and declaring the inability a few chosen men, commenced a clearing on of the inhabitants of the town to do it — Voted Right No. 3, allotted to his fatlier, as original that the Town Clerk make and foi-ward a peti- proprietor, in April, 1788. The first season was tion to the next General Assembly, for a tax of devoted to clearing land and building the log two pence on each acre of land in town for the house, and growing scanty supplies of provis- l)Ui-pose. And voted to purchase the Statute books for the town, and ions ; he having the honor of falling the first Lav.'s and suitable record tree for the settlement. As the woods were full raised money by subscription, on the credit of the of game, and the river of ti'out, they fared more town, to pay for said books. Caledonia County. No. IV. October, 1863. VERMONT A HISTORICAL MAGAZINE, EMBRACING A DIGEST OF THE HISTOEY OF EACH TOWN, ' She stands, fair Freedom's chosen Home, Our own beloved Green Mountain State." "Where breathes no castled lord or cabined slave; Where thoughts, and hands, and tongues are free." EDITEDBT ABBY MARIA HEMBNWAY, COMPILER OF "the poets AND POETRY OF VERMONT." Terms: One Dollar per Year. Clubs solicited. LUDLOW, VT.: AND SOLD BY AGENTS THROUGHOUT THE STATE, ALBANY, N.Y.: J. MUNSELL. -2) ')(iXj§'(i/^<^Xj§xt^3xiX^xU^xi/3x^^ ; A SERIES OF TOWN HISTORIES, GROUPED IN COUNTIES. A FREE HISTORICAL CHANNEL FOR EVERY TOWN. Entered according to Act of CongresB, in the year 1859, by Abbt Maria Hemenwat, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Vermont. TEEMS: Fifty Cents a ITumber ; $1 a year ; or Pourteen Ifumbers for $3—Invariably in Advance. Postage, three cents, paid at Office of Delivery, WANTED.—One or more Lady AsBistants or Local Agents in each uncanvaseed Town. The Agents have all been instructed to solicit through or yearly subscriptionp, yet to as readily fake quarterly ones, -with the understanding that the subscribers are to pay on delivery for each number of the work, till they may regularly discontinue the same. No subscriptioDs should be paid to Traveling Agents, unless they bear our Certificate of Agency. CLUB TERMS.—The field is open in every Town for Clubs, which may be sent direct to tlie Publisher. Terms— Every Fourth Number Free; or for Four Yearly, or equivalent, a copy of the Poets and Poetry of Vermont, 12mo. 400 pp.; or Six Photographs of leading Vermont Poets; or for the above list doubled. Twelve Plates, or a Plated and elegantly Gilt copy of the Poets; or for Four Yejirly Subscriptions, a copy of the Vermont School Journal—a work devoted to a cause that ought to bring twice the patronage it has yet received ; or Dr. C. H. Cleavland's ably conducted Medical Journal, published at Cincinnati, O. HISTOEICAL CON'TEN'TS No. 4. No. 5. CALEDONIA COUNTY—Concluded. CHITTENDEN COUNTV. Chapter, Reed. Lyndon—concluded,. . . by Hon. G. C. Cahoon. County by Hon. David Bolton, " ....Geo. W. Kenedy, Esq. New.-irk, " L.M. Sleeper. Burlington " Board of Writers. Peacham, " Rev. A. Boulelle. Charlotte, " Rev. B. D. Ames. " Ryegate, «' .. .Rev. James M.Beattie. Colchester, Hon. David Reed. Essex, " Dr. L.C. Butler. St. Johnsbury, " ....Edward T. Fairbanks. Hinesburgh, compiled . " Rev. C. E. Ferrin. Sheffield,.. " A.S.Lamb. Huntington,. " James Johns. Sutton, «« John Beckwith, Esq. Jericho, " .. Dr. George Lee Lyman. Milton, " Hector Adams, Esq. Walden, " Hon. James D, Bell. Richmond, " S. H. Davis, Esq. Waterford, " T. A. Cutler. St. George, " H. L iwrcnce, Esq. Wheelock, " Hon. T. C. Cree. Shelburne, " Board of Writers. Undorhill " ..Gay H. Nananiore, E^q. Goshen Gore, " Jos.Clark&Dr H.J.Hyde. Westford, « Hon. J. H.Woodward, D D. Military Chapter, " Williston, " Board of Writers. HISTORICAL COi^TRIBUTIOJ^S FOR ESSEX COUNTY.—Bloomtteld, by Hon. A. Burbank; Brighton, by N. P. Bowman, Esq.; Brunswick, by Mrs. Margaret G. Marshall; Canaan, by Geo. W. Hartshorno, Esq. ; Concord, by J. E. Wood- bury; Granby, by Loomis Wells; Guildhall, by Milton Cutler; Lemington, by Arthur T. Holbrook ; Luncn- burgh, by Hon. Jonah Brooks; Maidstone, by Hon. Charles Rich; County Chapter of Natural History, by H. A. Cutting. East Haven, Granby, and Victory, to be supplied. FOB. FKANKLEN" COUK'TY'.—Introductory, or County Chapter, by George F. Houghton, Esq. Bakersfield, by Rev. Caleb W. Piper; Berkshire, by Hon. Stephen Royce ; Enosburgh, by Hon. Alvin H. Baker; Fairfax, by Pres. Upham and John Uflbrd; Fairfield, by Col. Samuel Perley ; Fletcher, by Benj. A. King-ley, Esq.; Franklin, by Edwin R. Towle, Esq. ; Georgia, by Rev. Alvah Sabin; Highgate, by Amos Skeels, Esq. Montgomery, by Nelson W. Clapp, Esq. ; Ricbford, by Rev. B. J. Livingston ; Sheldon, by Hon. Alfred Keith and Hon. D. D. Weed ; St. Albans, by Rev. J. E. Rankin ; Swanton, by Rev. John B. Perry ; Geology of the County, by Rev. John B. Perry. No. V, CHrrTEKDEN CouNTT (now in press), will be embellished with portrait of Gov. Van Ness. The succeeding Nos. of the Gazetteer may now be expected to go to press quarterly, and to be drawn as fast as the subRcriptions of its patrons cancel its printing bills. ./4% WMm0s%Mih ; ; VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. CALEDONIA COUNTY. LYNDON. almost impassible roads, as best they could Col. Wallace of Newbury, was the wholesale BY HON GEORGE C. CAHOON. commissariat of Northern Vermont ; at a [Concluded.] later period they obtained ample supplies at At town meeting, March 12, 1792, Elder Barnet, and still later at St. Johnsbury, Philemon Hines was chosen moderator; Their luxuries, though few, were with a keen Daniel Cahoon, town clerk; Daniel Ca- relish enjoyed with each other. In a brief hoon, Philemon Hines and James Spooner, period the patron of the enterprise, Daniel selectmen and listers; Nathan Hines, con- Cahoon, Jr., nurtured under milder skies stable; and Nehemiah Tucker, treasurer. and kindlier influences, not having a consti- " Voted, that the selectmen be paid four tution of sufficient power and vigor to keep shillings per day for services actually per- up with his mental and bodily exertions, formed for the town." became prostrate with that insidious and "Voted, that a tax of six pounds be as- flattering but fatal disease, the consumption, sessed for exigence expenses of the town. long ere the meridian of life ; but to the last At freemen's meeting, 1792, Daniel Cahoon, he sought the faithful performance of all Jr., was elected the first representative of trusts, and the best good of the infant plant- the town. ation. He had rendered himself useful in Prior to 1792 all taxes and assessments other settlements, as St. Johnsbury, Billy- for highways and other purposes were by mead, now Sutton, and Barton, presiding at common consent and voluntary subscription, Barton at its organization. To the great sor- and enforced by self-will and patriotic pur- row of his friends and neighbors, it remained pose. The first grand list was made this for him to fill up with his death the notable year, composed of 30 persons, and the total coincidences of his relationship to the history of each item and the amount of the whole of Lyndon, that he was its first settler, first was as follows: polls 28; 26 acres of land, town clerk of the first board of selectmen 22 oxen, 22 cows, 6 3 ji-ears old cattle, 7 2 and listers, the first justice of the peace, the years old cattle, 2 yearlings and 11 horses — first representative, and holding all these offi- amount £359, equal to $1,196.66. Of those ces at the time of his death, finally to be the who composed that list, William Fisher, the first person who died in town, which occurred last survivor, died in town, June 30, 1861, June 11th, 1793, aged 26 years 4 months. aged 96 years o months. The family name His son, Benjamin P. Cahoon, then nearly of only six of the number remains in town 2 years of age, was the second male child list born in town, Lyndon Hines being the first, Cahoon ; Easterbrook (there- were in the two of this name — Benjamin and Caleb), and Lydia Wilder being the first female born in town. B. P. Cahoon removed from Lyn- three Fishers, Jeremiah, William and James ; died and two McGaiFeys, John and Andrew ; Jo- don in 1817, and in the year 1861, at nas Sprague, and Zebina Wilder. Kenosha, Wisconsin, a noted gardener. It 1793, at March meeting, Daniel Cahoon remained for a younger brother, William was re-elected town clerk, and Daniel Ca- Cahoon, then 19 years of age, who had come hoon, Daniel Reniff and Nehemiah Tucker to the rescue, to take the helm of affairs did, wore elected selectmen and listers ; and An- and go ahead, which he from that drew McGaffey, constable. In the early time forth, successfully to the close of his period of the settlement milling and market- life. May 30th, 1833. During that period he ing had to be done at Barnet, over 20 miles, had the pleasure of seeing the town become and at Newbury, about 35 miles distant, on thickly populated, and supplied with all 44 ; 342 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINT. needful julvnutagcs for home comfort and year of 14, some of whom were young men for common school and academic education arriving at manhood, others were from im- in which latter class we find and religious worship, with a competency of migration ; property, himself having sustained meekly Daniel Cahoon, Sen., Widow Cynthia Jenks, all the offices of honor, profit and trust in and her two sons, Nehemiah and Brown town, county, and state, which he could de- Jenks, Calvin and Jesse Doolittle, John and Fletcher, sire, and the last four years of his life re- Roswell Johnson, Joel Ephraim presented the state in the congress of the Hubbard, Job Olney, Samuel Winslow, and United States. others, active, useful citizens. The amount personal property, In May, 1793, Daniel Cahoon, Sen., one of the list was £479 34 of the locating committee and a charter oxen, 35 cows, cattle 2 years old 6, cattle in- grantee of the township, moved his family of 1 year 10, and 8 horses, showing an 32 neat cattle. into town, occupying a portion of the log crease of John Johnson was the first merchant in town. In 1794, 50 house erected by his son in 1788, which had were listed. Its amount was £583, the in- been essentially enlarged and otherwise im- crease in neat cattle was 8, of horses 6. proved for comfort. He was the only one Joel Ross, Simeon Smith, Peter Tibbets, Ben- of the original proprietors who settled in jamin Bucklin, Jonathan Parks, Jonathan town. His transition from the wharves and Robinson and others, moved into town. Mr. storehouses of the importing merchant, and Robinson at an early day moved into Barton. the councils of the city, and the counting During the current year from June, '93 to room of the forge and furnace, in which he June, '94, the settlers though well prospered had spent the vigor of his manhood, to this agricultural pursuits backwoods settlement, was very great; but in their were sorely afflicted by the sickness and sudden death such as the devastations of the war of the their first, of Daniel Revolution occasioned to him as to many of several of members ; Cahoon, Jr., as already noticed, in June '93, others. He did not possess physical strength and, in the same month, of a son aged 12 sufficient to endure the rugged labor of the Winslow, a falling tree farmer, but he had the mental ability and years of Samuel by '94, of a daughter of Daniel Hall of ready tact to render himself very useful in in May canker-rash, aged 12 years ; on the 4th June, Irhe management of the financial and pru- '94, Hines, Baptist elder dential affairs of the community, and on the of Philemon a death of his son Daniel, he was immediately of estimable character, by suicide — verdict jury of inquest, cause insanity and 12th chosen to fill the town offices thus made of — vacant, and performing their duties accept- August, of Widow Cynthia Jenks, of lock- jaw. Mrs. Jenks commenced the first settle- ably, he was re-elected thereto many years ; having been town representative 8 years, ment of the Corner village, occupying the selectman 11, and town clerk 15 in succes- grounds where the Fletcher buildings stand, sion, to which offices his son AVilliam suc- now owned by E. A. Cahoon. After her ceeded on his retirement, and held the lat- death her log house became noted as the ter office 21 years in succession, resigning temporary residence of many a new settler as the first school-house, it in 1829, on being elected to congress. In entering town, and 1808, when Daniel Cahoon retired from the being first occupied as such by Abel Carpen- office, he received high commendation from a ter, Esq., and afterwards by Dr. Abner Jones, special committee appointed to report in the who then was or subsequently became a premises, and a vote of thanks from the Baptist preacher. This year was also nota- town for the faithful and satisfactory man- ble for the one in which they began to marry ner in which he had performed the duties of in the settlement, and the first transpiring the various town offices which he had held, was that of Jeremiah Washburn and Hannah and particularly of town clerk, which is of Orcutt, June Itath. Mr. Washburn previously record. He died September 13th, 1811, aged living in Lyndon, and the ceremony having 74 years, being gored by a bull not known been performed by Daniel Cahoon, Esq., it to be vicious, when passing through a barn- has been reputed to have been the first that yard, and not on his guard. The concourse occui-red in town, but the bride's father re- at his funeral was much the largest that had sided in Billymead (now Sutton) and the then ever assembled in the town on such an wedding was at her home, and the first ipar- occasion, numbering eight or nine hundred, riage in Lyndon was of Roswell Johnson and and many fiom other towns. Naomi Bartlett by the same magistrate, In 1793, 43 were listed, one deceased be- Oct. 5, 1794. ing omitted, showing an increase during the 1795, at a freemen's meeting in February, — LYNDON. 343 to elect member to congress, Wm. Cahoon captain in reference to his military proclivi- and three othei's were admitted freemen, ties, was a lieutenant and commissary in the Daniel Buck had 14 votes, and Nathaniel Rhode Island line in the army of the Revolu- Niles 4. At March meeting, Daniel Cahoon, tion, carrying in his person, as an evidence Jesse Doolittle and Nehemiah Tucker were of his valor, one of the enemy's bullets re- elected selectmen and listers. The number ceived in battle, for which he received im- of lists were 65, and the amount of the list mediately an invalid pension of small £732, or $2440, an increase of nearly $500, amount, and afterwards a more munificent arising from immigration, internal improve- pension under the general pension laws, com- ments, and increase of cattle and horses, of mensurate with his official position- in the the former 36 and the latter 10. Joel and army ; which were in this case meritoriously Wait Bemiss, John and Josiah Brown, Caleb bestowed, as he was a brave man and good Parker, Wm. Ruggles and Ziba Tute, all good ofiicer. He used facetiously to call his invalid citizens, moved into town this year, and others pension his short staff and his Revolutionary also. Some of the notable occurrences of pension his long staff, saying that Uncle Sam the year, were the building of the first made better provision for him when old than house framed by Nathaniel Jenks, Esq., a when he was young ; he was thankful for scientific and practical surveyor who about what he could get. It so occurred that he this time moved into town, and a Mr. Arnold did not, when living, receive the pension that put up some imperfect mills on the site now he should as commissary. By a new con- occupied by Mr. Kimball's planing mill, on struction of the law his children obtained it the branch near the Coi'ner, with a view after his decease. At the time he moved into to acquire the mill right, but the town not Lyndon he possessed a good practical busi- accepting them, voted said mill right to ness education, acquired in part by his official William Cahoon, if he would build thereon services in the army, and having an aptitude suitable mills, which he did to acceptance. to turn the same to account, and also to im- • Mr. Ziba Tute, who some years after removed part it to others, he soon became the first to AVindsor, was a man stout and athletic, school master in town, and a principal officer and of noble daring, as is shown by an occur- to manage the town affairs for some 20 years, rence at the burning of the Tontine building in various capacities. Capt. Bemiss was also at Windsor. The building had many occu- a prominent man, as also his sons, two of * pants, merchants and others ; when the fire whom, Elias and Welcome, were state sena- was raging and no hopes of saving the build- tors. A military company was organized ing, it was told that in one of the rooms, this year of about 50 persons, and soon in- in an upper story there was a quantity of creased to 76. powder stored, which if not removed would In 1797, Daniel Cahoon, Nathaniel Jenks soon explode and imperil the lives of many, and Abel Carpenter were elected selectmen and spread the fire. The avenues to the and listers. They were also the principal powder were all closed except a lad- by long trial justices for several years ; and integrity der — Mr. Tute had no personal interest in of purpose seems to have characterized the the matter, but seeing others unwilling to courts of that day, for an early lawyer is run the risk, dashed forward and promptly reported to have said of the first, that if he ascended the ladder, opened the window and had a bad cause, he would be the last man entered the almost suffocating room, seized in the world he would have try it, but if he the powder cask with its hoops on fire, clutch- had a good one, the very first. The same ed it under his arm, and descended the lad- might have been said of the others. Mr. der with it but little singed, extinguished its Cahoon was the favorite justice in the court burning hoops, and put it in a safe deposit- of matrimony, usually receiving his fees, if ory, much to his own comfort, and the great paid at all, in the currency of the times joy of all others. "change of works" with the swain in his In 1796 Wm. W. McGaffey was elected se- peculiar vocation or calling, the contrast ^, lectman and lister in lieu of Mr. Doolittle. sometimes rendering it amusing. There The lists were 73, neat cattle, 209, an increase were 75 lists, amounting to $4374.50, ex- of 74 ; amount of list, £1054.15 or list of last year $3515.83 ; ceeding the $858.67. Neat and Abel Carpenter, Esq., Capt. Elias Be- cattle, 229, and 31 horses. Timothy Ide, miss, SI Smith Matthewson, Gains Peck, Ely two families of Houghtons, two of Evans Dickerman, Jose^ Harris, Peleg Hix and and two of Norris, Caleb Parker and three others came to reside in town. Esquire or four other families moved into town. In Carpenter, as he was familiarly called, or 1798, the same were elected selectmen and ; ; 344 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. listers. There were 85 lists, 264 neat cattle In 1801, Daniel Cahoon, Nathaniel Jenks and 43 horses—increase of neat cattle, 35; and Isaiah Fisk were selectmen and listers. of horses, 12. Total lists, $5120; increase The number of lists were 133; there being of tlie year, $751.50. The town this year 439 neat cattle, and 103 horses and colts — had quite an ingress of valuable citizens, whole amount, $8608. Of those who moved of whom were Leonard and Henry Wat- into town this year, were James Ayer, Joel son, Eben Peck 1st. Levi Lockling, Jacob Bemiss, Abel Brown, Oliver Chaffee, Ira Houghton, Elijah Ross, Zerah Evans, Jude Evans, Wm. Houghton the tanner, Samuel Kimball, John Woodiui\n, Nathan Parker, Park, Job Randall, Abraham Smith, James Benjamin Walker, and Nathan Hubbard. Shearman and Aaron Walker. Mr. Randall Mr. Woodman was father of the Rev. Jona- and Mr. Smith have both represented the than AVoodmau, a popular Freewill Baptist town and held various offices. Mr. Randall preacher. still lives, in a vigorous old age. much re- In 1799, selectmen and listers same as the spected, and is probably now the oldest per- three years preceding. The lists were 100 son living in town. Mr. Shearman obtained neat cattle, 336, and horses, 63—increase of a celebrity for good horses. neat cattle, 72 ; of horses, 32. Total list, In 1802, ten years from taking the first $6669.25 ; increase, $1543.25. A number grand list, Daniel Cahoon, AVm. Winsor and of good citizens moved into town this year, Isaiah Fisk were the selectmen, and William of whom were Isaiah Fisk, the father of the Cahoon, Abraham Smith and Nehemiah Jenks, Rev. Dr. Wilbur Fisk, late president of the listers. The lists were 147 ; neat cattle, 450; Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., horses, 75; and sheep, 420; amounting, in- who, at that time being six or seven years clusive of the yaluation of improved real old, came with the family, and remained estate — as is to be considered in all the here until he commenced his academic edu- lists—to $9118.75; thus giving the progress cation, some ten or more years afterwards of events in town for the first decenary also the Hofifmans, the Sheldons, the Win- after its organization, its gradual increase sors, Bacons ; Dr. Abner Jones, who was and means, and the basis of its taxation. also a preacher ; Eleazer Peck and Josiah At this period, the settlement had got under Gates, whose daughters, Elizabeth, Lucy and good headway, and, owing to the uniform Sally, became the good wives of Elijah Ross, goodness of the soil, and the charter pro- Eliphas Graves and David McGaifey ; Mrs. vision that settlements should be made on Lucy Graves marrying Capt. Elias Bemiss each right, to prevent forfeiture, "as soon for her second husband and his second wife. as safety would allow after the war," 50 Mr. Job Sheldon, though he resided in town acres being accorded by common consent to but a short time, left behind him the lasting such settler; and being thus obtained scot remembrance of the generosity of the sailor, free, the settlements became very general by his donation to the town of ten acres of and nearly simultaneous on each right valuable land, near its centre, for a public roads were opened to every section of the cemetery and common. town, encouraging others to follow, which In 1800, Daniel Cahoon, William Winsor they did rapidly; so that soon the town be- and Isaiah Fisk were elected selectmen and came populous. Like gregarious animals, listers. There were 110 lists, 347 neat cattle, the early settlers were a little clannish — and 77 horses — increase, 11 cattle and 14 grouping together in clusters coming from horses. Amount of list, $7186.50—increase, the same locality, state, or territory, so far $517.25. The town received a good recruit as circumstances would allow, which phase of new settlers this year, of whom Avere the is not entirely obliterated; but many of the Blys, Browns, Wilmarths, Alphs. Fletcher, old landmarks are removed by time, and a Field; John Gates the miller; Haskell the denser population succeeding, with the amal- clothier, the Scotts, Ripley, and others. There gamation of the second and third generations is incorporated into the town records of this by marriage, it is less noticeable. year the formation of a religious society for It may well be believed that the old folks the purpose of settling a minister, and a vote were a merry set of jokers by the nick-names of the town of 100 acres of the minister's they gave the different localities in town in settlement right to any acceptable preacher its early settlement, as Pudding Hill, who would settle in town, and of said so- Squabble Hollow, Mount Hunger, Hard ciety's tendering such settlement to Elder Scrabble, Hog Street, Shanticut, Musquito Stephen Place, understood to have been a District, the Whale's Back, Owlsboro', Egypt, Baptist, who did not accept the offer. and Pleasant Street, from being the residence LYNDON. 345 of some fair ladies ; and most of these names and the whole new painted and papered. are yet familiarly known, but not confessed Since that period the Congregational Meeting to be truthfully descriptive of the present House, which was built in 1826-7, at the condition of those localities. A good degree Corner, has been new modeled and thorough- of shrewdness characterized the inhabitants, ly fitted up inside and out. In 1848 the and being frugal and industrious, they made Freewill Baptists, built a neat church at the themselves comfortable with what they had Centre. The Universalists built another of and could acquire, and happy in the antici- the same dimensions soon after. The last pation of possessing a competency for ordi- is noticeable for its singular vane—an angel nary gratification, and obtaining an addi- in the act of blowing his trumpet. The tional store for the evening of life, and if academy was built in 1831, and was incorpo- they have not succeeded to their utmost rated that year by the name of " Caledonia wishes, it should not be attributed to want County Grammar School at Lyndon," and of calculation and forethought, so much as subsequently endowed by an act of the Gene- to unforeseen events. ral Assembly of the state with a portion of About this time the town canvassed the the Grammar School lands lying in the matter of putting up a building to answer county of Caledonia reserved by the charters the double purpose of a town hall and meet- of the towns for the use of county grammar ing house, and fixed its location at the Cen- schools within, and throughout the state, and tre, but deferred the enterprise. It was to be under the control of said General As- finally erected in 1809, but the expense ex- sembly for ever, "subject to the opinion of ceeding the estimate after an expenditure by the Supreme Court as to the validity of said the town in its corporate character of over act against an act establishing a County $1000, it was left unfinished, and occupied Grammar School at Peacham," which decis- with temporary seats and desks for several ion was that said lands were irrevocably years, being finally completed by the sale of granted to the Peacham corporation, and that pews, to be occupied by the diiferent denomi- the corporation of the Lyndon School could nations in proportion to ownership, reserving take nothing by their grant, which decision, to the town its use for town meetings. But in view of the charter reservations, and the other appropriate churches, needful for wor- evident intent of the legislature making ship having been built, the old house by com- those reservations, and the spirit of the go- mon consent, was yielded up to the town, and vernment itself to confer equal privileges on the same has recently been remodeled and all, was never relished as good law by the renovated exclusively for a town hall. Lyndonenses, compelling them individually In 1812, by the concurrent votes of the to raise funds which they believed should town, and a religious society associated for emanate from another source. Henry the purpose, Elder Phinehas Peck, a Method- Chase, Esq., a graduate of Yale College, and ist minister who had preached in town some his sister. Miss Ada Chase, a lady highly years before, was permanently settled as the educated, and a graduate of Mount Holyoke first minister of the town, and in considera- Seminary, are present principals and worthy tion thereof the selectmen, by vote of the of good patronage. The churches and aca- town, conveyed to him a lot of land, being demy have each a cupola, and all have good a third of the right reserved for minister's bells, excepting the Universalist. The reli- settlement. Mr. Peck continued to ofl[iciate gious community who keep up public wor- as such until a|30ut 1819, acceptably and ship are divided into four congregations, two with good success ; when his health failing, at the Corner, the Methodist and Congre- he ceased from his labors here, and his gationalists, and two at the Centre, the charge in 1820 was supplied, in the person Freewill Baptists and the Universalists. of the Rev. Daniel Fillmore, a very talented Each is well attended. The Methodists when man and able preacher of the Methodist they held their meetings for worship at the itinerant ministry, and has ever since been Centre were much the most numerous, and cared for in the same manner, the last 2 are probably so now, but many of their years by the Rev. Lewis Hill, and the present members were discommoded by the erection by the Rev. P. M. Granger. The Methodists of the new chapel at the Corner, one and a built a new chapel in the Corner village in half miles further from them, and have since 1840, with a small basement vestry, and in attended other meetings at the Centre, gene- 1855 or 6, the house was renovated, the vestry rally the Freewill Baptist, whereby their enlarged to the size of the house, with an numbers were considerably increased, the ante-room and stair-way from the basement. congregation formerly j worshiping at the ; 346 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. north part of the town gathered by Elder time in Sutton and Burke and elsewhere, Quimby having also united with it. Its desk became permanently settled in Lyndon. Mr. has been supplied by very worthy preach- B. F. Deming went to Danville to fill official ers, Elders Quimby, Moult on, Woodman, positions of which we shall speak elsewhere. Jackson, Smith, and the present incumbent, Mr. R. H. Deming after quitting trade be- the Ilev. M. C. Henderson. The Congrega- came a Methodist preacher, and removed to tionalists have usually been supplied by able Wisconsin, and has officiated as county and preachers, the Revs. Messrs. Tenny, Scales, city clerk at Kenosha; Mr. Bela Shaw, Jr., Thayer, Greenleaf and Hale, are of the num- removed west, and at Rockford, Illinois, ber. And the Universalists by their best, held the office of judge of probate several the Rev. Messrs. Taboi-, Scott and others. years. About the year 1816, '17, quite a There are some Calvinistic Baptists in town, colony of good citizens came to Lyndon as and others who would prefer the Episcopal settlers, from Sandwich, N. H., and its vi- church service, but neither sufficiently nume- cinity, headed by three brothers. Major .\a- rous to maintain the public worship of the ron and Elders Joseph and Daniel Quimby, order. The writer docs not possess the pre- with their large families. They were of the sent statistical numbers of any of the de- Freewill Baptist denomination of Christians, nominations, having expected that they the major devoting himself to farming, and would be furnished from another source. the elders dividing their time between secu- In 1802, '03, '04, '05, the Graves, Ma- lar and ecclesiastic pursuits, as they ap- thewsons, Roots and AVilliams, and other peared to have a call in either vocation; farmers; and the brothers Nathaniel and never being idle, but always actively and Samuel B. Goodhue, lawyers; and Doctors usefully employed. They drew in their Hubbard Field and Olney Fuller; and the train the Gilmans, Prescotts, Rices and Ran- Cushings, house joiners, cabinet and chair dalls, and others, with their families. Elder makers, settled in the town ; and from that Joseph left the town after a few years, yet it period to 1810, Charles F. H. Goodhue, can hardly be believed to return to Sand- Bela Shaw, Jr., Asa S. and Alanson and wich for agricultural purposes, for the com- George B. Shaw, brothers; and Benjamin parison between Lj^ndon and Sandwich, both F. and R^euben H. Deming, his brother; at a for ease of culture and the amount of pro- later period all the last engaged in merchan- duct, must have been greatly in favor of dise in stores of Chandler, Bigelow & Co. at Lyndon. After his departure. Elder Daniel Lyndon and elsewhere, and of Daniel Cham- doubled his diligence, and mostly at his own berlin & Co. and Chamberlin & Deming. expense built a meeting house near the cen- Alpheus Houghton and his brother Elijah, tre of that settlement, and not far from his farmers, with their families, and the Emerys own house in the north part of the town, and and Bundys, also farmers; Major Elias succeeded in collecting a large church, which Clark, Jr., saddler ; Samuel Hoyt, 1st, farmer, continuing to w'orship there until 1840, soon after his brother Dr. Moses Hoyt; Dr. when the Methodists having vacated the Jolin Meigs, M. Foster, attorney ; Ephraim meeting house at Lyndon Centre, and some Chamberlin, Esq., innkeeper, and after- of the Freewill denomination residing in -ivards mill owner ; James Knapp, mill wright that vicinity, it was deemed good church Josiah Rawson, and afterwards his brother tactics to remove their place of worship to Dr. Simeon Rawson. In 1811, Isaac Fletch- the Centre, which was done, consolidating er, an educated man and well read lawyer, the different memberships in one communion came in town, and soon after William and at that place; by so doing, they had the ac- Joseph and their father Ichabod Ide; Daniel cession of the Methodists in that locality Bowker, cabinet maker, now the oldest re- disaflFected by the building of their new sident at the Corner ; Warren Parker, cloth- chapel at the Corner. Their congregation ier ; Jonathan and Nehemiah Weeks, tanners being very much enlarged, the effect w'as to and shoemakers ; Richard and Nathan Stone, raise the standard of their meetings by call- saddlers; Abel Edgell, Bela Shaw, Senr., ing into their pulpit their best preachers and Charles Stone, farmers ; Richard and before named, and occasioned the demand Charles Stone, brothers, were both after- for a better house of worship, which Avas wards deacons ; and not far from the same built in 1848. There was no better man than time, Josiah C. and Samuel A. Willard, bro- Elder Quimby, but his severe secular labors thers, who came into the country at an early would not allow him as a preacher to equal day with their mother and grandfather, his worthy brothers in the ministry, who de- Daniel Cahoon, Sen., but resided part of the voted themselves exclusively to the gospel. ; LYNDON. 347 The descendants of the early settlers ar- miss, Samuel A. Willard, Samuel W. Win- riving at maturity, nurtured in the school of sor, William Way, Benjamin F. Deming, industry and economy, became important Josiah C. Willard, Bela Shaw, Jr., Halsey members of the community. Since that Riley and Jerry Dickerman participating as period others have come from abroad, Avho, selectmen, or listers, and the last five princi- from their business capabilities or profes- pally in the latter office, for a period of some sional skill, have filled large spaces in public 20 years. Since then there has been more estimation, of whom are Gen. E. B.^ Chase change, either on the principle of rotation in and Halsey Riley, merchants at an early office, or taking turns in doing the drudgery period. Philip Goss, Esq., and Doctors of it. New comers and younger men, as the Phineas Spalding, Freedom Dinsmore, and Bemisses, Bigelow, Baker, Chase, Cham- Abel Underwood, Nicholas Baylies, Thomas berlain, Cunningham, Chaffees, Evanses, Bartlett, Jr., Moses Chase, Henry S. Bartlett, Fletchers, Folsom, Goss, Graves, the Hough- and Samuel B. Mattocks, lawyers by profes- tons, Hoyts, Ingalls, Ide, McKoy, McGaff'eys, sion, but not all in practice ; and subse- Parks, Pearl, Pierce, Pike, Prescott, Powers, quently Doctors Hoyt, Carpentei^ Sanborn, C. Randall, Ray, Sanborns, Spauldings, Darling, Mattocks, Newell, Denison, Blan- Thompsons and Weeks, with some others, chard, Scott and Stevens ; Doctors Gaboon alternately being the ins and outs of said and Houghton of the town helping to fill offices most of the time since — all, from first the ranks — as a class distinguished for high to last, tinctured with the infallibility of town professional attainments — and more recent- rights and town prerogatives as against an in- ly Jonathan W. Colby and Wm. H. McGaifey, dividual. And the longer retained in office, merchants ; L. R. Brown, goldsmith ; J. N. the more tenacious, apparently on the prin- Bartlett, silver plater; G. T. Spencer, mar- ciple of regal government that "the king ble engraver; Hill, Howe, Baker, Welton can do no wrong," the officer acting in the & Currier, harness makers and carriage representative character, embodying himself trimmers ; E. Underwood, merchant tailor in the corporation, arrogates for it all he and the Millers, carriage makers ; there are could desire it to have. We suspect that two establishments, one. Miller & Trull, very these sentiments are not confined to town cor- extensive ; the other, C. C. Miller & Co. — porations, but pervade much larger com- both do excellent work, in good times em- munities, though justice requires the admis- ploying about 30 men. The Weeks, Quim- sion that this arises, probably, from an over bys, and W. H. McGaffey, merchants, and anxiety to faithfully perform their official the Cahoons, lawyers and physicians, were duties, making individual rights subservient descendants of the early settlers ; and in all to the public good. We are apt to flatter parts of the town there are those equally ourselves that we possess greater merits and meritorious in their places, as Messrs. Bige- virtue than our neighbors, and may consider low. Baker, Pearl, Folsom, Thompson, In- ourselves exemplary and praiseworthy in galls, Cunningham, Chaffee, Knapp, Fletch- many particulars, for good qualities and good er, Sanborn, Spalding and Wakefield, but acts incident to all, yet in two things, if where all are equal it is impossible to dis- the Lyndonenses do not excel, they at least criminate, and we have no space to enroll are commendable for their well doing, the all. The mass of the population are thrifty, one is for their care for the poor, the other well-to-do farmers, with a proper sprinkling their liberal expenditures, both publicly and of mechanics and professional men to incul- individually, for the support of education, cate good principles, keep good order and fostering public and private schools. For assuage and alleviate pain and sickness. many years furnishing a throng of students Of the selectmen, listers and other town to academies abroad, they have since, by officers, since the time specifically given, our private munificence, erected an academy at limits will not allow the detail ; all were com- home, supplied it with a good apparatus, and petent to perform those duties, but the ex- then without funds, sustained it. Before this perienced could do so with greater ease, hence several had fitted for and completed their the old gentlemen, Daniel Gaboon, William college course. Several have since fitted here Winsor and Abraham Smith were held in the and elsewhere, and received degrees at col- service a few years longer ; and then Judge lege, at a much less expense in preparing Fisk, Gen. William Gaboon and Abel Carpen- than formerly, and it is a noticeable fact that ter, Esq., succeeded them in those offices many more young men in this town than very many years, some of them till 1827. in any other town in the county or this Alplieus Houghton, Job Randall, Elias Re- section of the state, with perhaps the ex- 348 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ception of Pcacham, have obtained liberal ing aid for the university, and promoting his educations, and many others, not graduates, health and also enriching his mind, he visited •with finished academic and professional Europe, or to use the phrase of his biographer, educations, have gone forth to do honor to Prof. Holdich, "at the meeting of the joint themselves and their country in their appro- board of the Wesleyan University it was re- priate spheres. The late solved to give the president a commission to Europe for the two-fold purpose of benefiting Rev. Wilbur Fisk, D D., his health and advancing the interests of the the eloquent divine, and learned president of institution, particularly having in view, for Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., the university, additioMs to its philosophical a model of Christian excellence and purity, apparatus and library. On the 4th Septem- stands at the head of the list of Lyndon ber, 1835, Rev. Dr. Wayland, president of graduates in 1815 of Brown University. He Brown's University, officially communicated was son of the Hon. Isaiah Fisk of this town, to the Rev. Mr. Fisk that the board of fellows was born August 31, 1792, at Brattleboro, of Brown's University had conferred on him fitted for college at Peacham, and first en- unanimously the degree of doctor of divinity. tered at college Burlington ; but that institu- This was very acceptable from his alma mater tion being suspended by the war, he trans- on the eve of his departure for the tour of ferred his relationship to that at Providence, the east, which occurred on the 8th day of R. I., where he graduated with distinguished September, 1835. His wife and a Mr. Lane, honor. He entered the law office of the late afterwards professor in the university, ac- Hon. Isaac Fletcher, and grasped the ele- companied him ; they were absent over a mentary principles with avidity, but the year, making an interesting and profitable practice did not harmonize with his views tour to the most important cities and places of Christian duty and inclination, and after of Europe, including England, France, Italy, a year or two, a portion of which was spent Ireland and Scotland, and returning in No- in Maryland as tutor in a gentleman's family, vember, 1836, invigorated with health and he yielded to his sense of duty and became well laden Avith very valuable donations as an itinerant Methodist minister in 1818. desired for the university. All were well This as some would think it, was not placing satisfied with the result of his mission. his light under a bushel, but where his talents During his absence, the maxim, Out of sight, like a luminous body became resplendent and out of mind, was not true in regard to him, shone all around. As is usual in the con- for the general conference elected him to the ference, as the representative body of the office of a bishop, his former election to that denomination is called, he was stationed here office being in 1829, by the Canada confer- and there, where his experience and talents ence. He declined this also, considering his would seem to indicate, and to some places duties to the university paramount, prefer- where his innate modesty and infirm health ring duty to honor, and also disregarding would make him, in anticipation, quail, but great offers of wealth if he would accept that where the reality fully justified the appoint- office, and continued to do his whole duty to ment ; he never failed to be most accepta- the university as long as health would admit, bly received wherever he went, and there and it continued to increase in popularity were probably but few, if any, his superiors and numbers under his administration. His in his order. He Avas soon appointed prin- incidents of travel in Europe, published by cipal of the institution at Wilbraham, at request, is an interesting work ; he published Avhich place he labored hard and successfully, other works of interest, some were election and was .appointed a bishop, which he de- sermons, and upon other occasions, and some clined, and afterwards first president of the dissertations on matters of ecclesiastical AVesleyan University which he accepted, hav- polity, all well worthy of perusal. In placing ing presided over the institution at Wilbra- the name of Fisk at the head of the list of ham 5 years, being elected to the last oflice Lyndon graduates, I have made a biographical in 1830, 15 years and 4 months after gradu- digression unintended in this place, yet per- ating ; over this new institution, in its com- haps more appropriate with his friends than mencement laboring under many difficulties, if placed elsewhere alone as intended in some and the greatest the want of funds, he pre- niche of our sketch, as we should deem it with ability sided distinguished the remainder imperfect -without him ; for we think or speak of his life, about 9 years, dying the 22d of of him but to admire and venerate. His last February, 1839. During the term of his sickness was of pulmonary complaints, which presidency, for the double purpose of solicit- troubled him through life, and it is said were LYNDON. 349 m the last stages extremely painful, yet held the office of secretary of civil and mili- borne with great fortitude and meekness. tary afi"airs, and has for a number of years He died as the good man dieth, aged 47^ years been supreme court reporter, and now holds nearly. the office. The father died in 1853, of George B. Shaw, Esq., epilepsy. Was the next on the list graduated at the George C. Cahoon University of Vermont in 1819, aged about Graduated at the University of Vermont in 19 years, and was immediately appointed 1820, and his name is under the head of the tutor in the university. He subsequently practicing lawyers in town. studied law in the offices of Messrs. Gris- wold and Follett of Burlington, and of Hon. Rev. John Q. A. Edgell I. Fletcher of Lyndon ; was admitted to the Graduated at the same institution, and was bar in 1822, opened an office at Danville, settled in Massachusetts as a Congregational and received a generous patronage of the clergyman, possessing good talents and a business done there, which was not great, genial disposition, and presumed to be an acquitting himself, handsomely in its per- ornament of his profession, and is supposed formance. By the influence of his father- to be still living. in-law, Hon. Wm. A. Griswold, who formerly resided in Danville, he was induced to move Rev. James L. Kimball, to Burlington in 1823, where he remained Of the same order, graduated at Dartmouth some two years, and then returned to Dan- College about the year 1823 or '24, and ville; afterwards, when Lowell, Mass., broke having studied divinity, Avas ordained, and like a meteor on the horizon, he removed enjoyed bright prospects of eminence and there, and, after remaining a year or two, future usefulness, when the destroying angel removed to Ottawa, Canada, and remained entered the abode of his father, Jude Kim- several years, and then returned to Burling- ball, Esq., with the flattering but insidious ton, which he made his permanent residence disease of consumption, and first took a for life. When young, Mr. Shaw was re- beautiful and accomplished sister, Mary, in markably precocious, possessing maturity far 1826, and in quick succession, an elder beyond his years ; and in early manhood was brother, Benjamin, and himself. And the characterized by the same trait, coming for- flowers of youth were faded, and the early ward as the learned scholar and accomplished hopes of parents and friends blighted. gentleman much earlier than his youthful as- sociates. He was an elegant penman, a good Edwakd a. Cahoon accountant and a ready debater ; of uncom- Also graduated at the University of Vermont mon suavity of manners, he could render in 1838, and is in the list of Lyndon lawyers. himself, with ease, the centre of any social Feederick H. Stone circle in which he mingled. The young and the old alike regarded him as a shining orna- Graduated at Hanover, and is settled in ment of society. After his return to Bur- Iowa. lington he became absorbed in other matters William W. Cahoon than his professional pursuits, in part rela- Graduated at Dartmouth in 1845, and at the tive to the estate of Mr. Bigelow, father of Medical College at Woodstock in 1848, and his second wife (the first having died young, subsequently at a medical college in New when at Danville). And at this time, while York, where he was afterwards connected residing at Burlington, he was elected by the with the institution, under Doctor Mott, as general assembly, several years in succes- assistant physician, where he made good sion, reporter of the decisions of the Supreme progress in science and made himself useful Court ; and afterwards his partner, William about a year, when he contracted a pesti- Weston, Esq., received the same appointment lential disease and died. None had better several years. Previously to this, during the abilities and higher aspirations for excel- administration of Governor Crafts, Mr. Shaw lence and professional usefulness than he held the office of secretary to the governor had. Having studied with able and skillful and council, combining the present offices of physicians and surgeons, attended the best secretary of the senate and secretary of civil lectures in the state, and received his diplo- affairs and military ; both offices of secre- ma, in pursuit of still higher attainments, he tary and reporter were very efficiently and sought the fountain heads of the profession acceptably filled by him. His son, Wm. G. in New York, resolved to never unskillfully Shaw, Esq., has since, under Gov. Fletcher, tamper with human life in the practice of ; ' 350 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. his profession, if adequate knowledge could ates living in town, are Moses Chase, Esq., be attained, and in his laudable endeavors to the Rev. William Scales, Hon. Samuel B. make himself more useful by garnering from Mattocks, the last two of Middlebury ; Dr. the purlieus of the hospital, he became a Enoch Blanchard, Messrs. Chase and martyr to the cause of humanity. The fol- Blanchard of Dartmouth ; Messrs. Isaac lowing tribute erected in New York city to Fletcher and Nicholas Baylies, deceased, "him and thirteen others, speaks for itself: also being graduates — and much is due to IIsRC niea ornamenta sunt (These are my Mr. Fletcher for his influence in behalf of a jewels). "Gorham Reals, William W. Ga- liberal education. Others of the class are boon" and 12 others, strangers here, "stu- probably inadvertently overlooked. dents of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, died of pestilential disease while Under the head of educatipn we may ap- serving in the Public Hospitals of New York. propriately include professional teaching, in This Tablet is erected by the Faculty that law, medicine and divinity, for Lyndon at the memory of these Martyrs of Humanity diflFerent periods, and almost constantly, has may not die, and that taught by their exam- possessed among her citizens able tutors in all it ple, the graduates of the College may never these sciences ; and is within the recol- hesitate to hazard life in the performance of lection of the writer that nearly an hundred professional duty." young men belonging to the town, or coming The editor of the newspaper from which from abroad for the purpose, have received the above is taken, adds: "Many of our their professional education here, and more readers will remember one whose name is particularly in the professions of law and given above — W. W. Gaboon of Lyndon — medicine ; many have in this and in neigh- a young man of much promise, whose sun boring states, become ornaments in their went out ere it had reached the meridian." professions and valued members of society. He was the son of the late Hon. William Ga- Their numbers being proportioned about 20 boon, and died August 31st, 1848, aged 23 theologians to 80 medical and 50 law stu- years and 6 months. He was a favorite of dents. the family, and wherever known was ap- Of residents in town, of gentlemen in these preciated. professions, there have been nearly 50 cler- gymen settled acording to their order : 30 Charles B. Fletcher Methodists, one settled by the town and Was a graduate at the Catholic College, Mon- preaching 8 or 10 years, the others stationed treal, G. E., of him we have spoken else- annually by Conference, and most of them where, he makes the fifth of the honored continued 2 years each, of whom are dead, dead of the Lyndon graduates. Messrs. P. Peck, Fillmore, Fisk, Cahoon, Dow, Perkins and Mann ; 8 or 10 Freewill Hon. Charles W. Willard, Baptists, one, elder Quimby, dead ;* and the number of Congregation- A lawyer and editor at Montpelier, is a nearly same than graduate at Dartmouth, belonging to Lyn- alists, though not more 6 technically don. settled permanently ; some others preaching for a limited time on probation or otherwise, Henry Chase, by profession a lawyer in one, Mr. Kimball, dead,* particularly spoken Illinois, at present principal of the Aca- of elsewhere, and some 4 or 5 Universalists. demy at Lyndon, is a graduate of Yale Col- We have elsewhere alluded to the merits of lege ; Geo. W. Cahoon, attorney at Lyndon, this worthy class of our citizens. and Charles M. Chase, attorney and editor in There have resided in town over 20 diflfer- Illinois, were classmates, graduating at Dart- physicians, most of whom have named ent we ; mouth ; Henry S. Bartlett, now a lawyer of some were eminently skilled and all of good R. I., was a graduate of the same institution repute for science as well as morals. Some Messrs. George E. Ghamberlin and Henry of the most scientific and skilled still live, of Newell, should rightfully be classed as Lyn- whom it is not my purpose to make remarks don students, who have recently graduated at in any department other than general, yet Dartmouth (but it would be characteristic of it may not be deemed invidious to name as St. Johnsbury to claim them); Mr. George such, Drs. Spaulding and Newell, who are W. QuiMBY of Lyndon, is also another recent neither now residents here, and Dr. Fuller, graduate at Dartmouth, and two others hold deceased, one of the earliest, was a very a student's relation to the same, Wm. Henry learned and skillful man, having visited Peck and Dennis Duhigg. The other gradu- * Only two died in this town. ; LYNDON. 351 France to perfect his education ; Dr. Field, bar. Mr. Foster joined the army in 1812, also deceased, was noted for his prudent care and left town, probably in turn having and good nursing. Since its settlement about been a little worried by Ihe next coming 25 practising lawyers and some 4 or 5 out of lawyer. We have said that "in 1811 practice, have lived in town, "the kee;pers and doers of the law." All have had a share Isaac Fletcher, of patronage. It is lucky that they were An educated man and a well read lawyer not all here together, for it would have been came to town ;" he was a native of Massa- dry pickings, and some might have obtained chusetts, and a graduate of Dartmouth Col- a bad name; but spreading them over a lege. After receiving his diploma, he taught space of nearly 60 years, they all have had in the Academy at Chesterfield, N. H., and opportunities to make themselves useful. there formed an acquaintance with Miss Some look upon the lawyer as a sort of har- Abigail Stone, his future wife, and read law binger of evil, but this is illiberal, his duty with Mr. Vose of New Hampshire, and Judge an is to suppress evil ; and if governed by prin- White of Putney, Vt. He possessed ciple, he will endeavor to do it. The virtu- ardent temperament, with an ambition to prompt, ous should not complain of him ; but the equal, if not excell his competitors; rogue when caught undoubtedly would, for energetic and unremitting in his efi'orts for his clients, he soon attained a good reputa- "No rogue e'er felt the halter drawn, With good opinion of the law." tion and an extensive and lucrative practice, competing successfully with the most noted As a class, the lawyers of Lyndon have of the bar in the state, giants of their time. compared favorably with those elsewhere, In doing this, he overwrought both his and their general deportment has been cour- bodily and mental powers, participating in teous, manly and honorable ; but we do "not the trial of almost every cause in the su- intend to speak of the merits of the living, preme and county courts in Caledonia, Or- but to the dead would give a passing tri- leans and Essex counties, and being 8 years bute. in succession state's attorney of Caledonia Nathaniel Goodhue, county, from early morn to a late evening The first of whom we have knowledge, hour, while attending court, being thronged coming here in 1804 or '05, was a courtly with clients, or pressed with business ; and gentleman, and as a town lawyer, very ac- when it was the period of repose for others, ceptable and efficient. As he left no record it came his time for genial social intercourse, of his legal learning, we can not speak of it which he greatly relished, endowed with with certainty, not then being a correct kindly feelings, and greatly needing relaxa- of such matters ; but coming judge from tion from his severe labors. In addition to county, the old school for good Windham his ordinary labors was the care at different lawyers, infer that it respectable. we was periods of some 30 students, some of these returned there after a few years, and He however lightening his burdens by assist- his brother, ance in writing and ordinary office business. He also entered the political arena, first in Samuel B. Goodhue, the house of representatives of the general Took his place, but was very unlike him in assembly of the state, to which he was elect- appearance, and eccentric and erratic in his ed four times, and at the last session he was movements, a crusty old bachelor, who was chosen speaker of that body. He was twice reported to have been soured and shattered elected member of congress, but his health by an unfortunate amour in his youth. Like failing him from over exertion and mental other eccentric bodies, he had his bright and bodily prostration, he could not distin- scintillations, but not very endui-ing. He guish himself as he did in his profession, appeared to be a harmless, upright and con- nor as his native talents and learning would scientious man, remaining here till 1811 entitle himself and friends to anticipate; when last heard from he was in a lunatic yet when others would have been negligent, asylum. he was constant and faithful in his duty to the John M. Foster end of his term. His motto seemed to be, Came next. He had been in practice else- to do with all his might whatever he had to where, and being naturally bright and kinky, do. He acquired his military title by being he was a troublesome opponent for our appointed adjutant general in the staff of bachelor friend, and particularly so, when Governor Van Ness. He died in October, he was a little warmed up by the spirit of the 1842, the year after the close of his con- ; 352 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. gressional term, literally worn out, aged 58. much characterized for brilliancy as for Less ambition and less labor would probably patient and indomitable perseverance in have saved him many years to his family, investigation and in arriving at correct con- his friends, and the world. His only son clusions. His family consisted of three chil- dren, the oldest a son, Horatio N., who was Charles B. Fletcher, a merchant, and died in Louisiana in 185- A young man of brilliant intellect, who was and his youngest a son, Nicholas, Jr., a law- necessarily with his father most of his con- yer, who resides in Des Moines, Iowa. The gressional course, and became well posted in daughter, Mdry Ripley, Mrs. George C. matters of state, succeeded to his father's Cahoon, died at Lyndon, July 18, 1858. business in the office with Mr. Bartlett, his late partner, and remained at Lyndon a year There are two considerable villages in the or two, afterwards removed to Nashua, N. H., town, Lyndon Corner and Lyndon Centre, and then to Boston, Mass., to practice law and some other places which aspire to the with his father-in-law, Mr. Farley, a distin- name, not very numerously settled, as the guished lawyer there ; but he returned to Red Village and East Lyndon. Lyndon in 1852, with consumption, and died Lyndon Corner is a centre for several other soon after, aged 34. towns to do much of their mercantile and mechanical business, and is noted for being ' Hon. Nicholas Baylies a brisk business place. The villagers having Came to Lyndon to reside in 1835. He was in their number those who professionally deal a graduate of Dartmouth College, and after- in almost all the necessaries and comforts of wards a student and partner of the Hon. life, they transact business of nearly every Charles Marsh of Woodstock, and afterwards kind found in the country, and there are of Senator Upham of Montpelier. He was a enough of each trade and profession, so that native of Massachusetts. While residing at a person can have a fair opportunity to select Woodstock, he married Mary, daughter of with whom to deal, and the subject matter to Professor Ripley of Hanover, and sister of deal about. It contains 2 church edifices, Gen. Eleazer W. and James W. Ripley, of the an academy, and 2 school-houses ; a public army of 1812, and since of congress. He house, livery stable, and two buildings with moved to Montpelier in 1810, and had Judge large halls for public occasions ; 2 retail Prentiss and other able men to compete stores, in one of which Lyndon post office is with; yet, by industry, besides laboriously kept; 1 merchant tailor's clothing store, 1 attending to his office and large court busi- other tailor's shop, 1 extensive tin and sheet- ness, he composed several volumes of Indexes iron factory and stove and variety store; 1 of Common and American Law, arranged flour and grocery store, 1 medical store, 4 under appropriate heads, affording ready re- shoe stores and shops, 2 harness shops and ferences for practical use, and very valuable 2 carriage trimmers, 2 jewellers, 1 daguer- to the profession, three good sized volumes rean gallery, 1 silver plater ; 2 extensive of, which were published, entitled Baylies' carriage factories, one operated by steam, Digested Index. Other volumes, written the other by water, both making excellent ; works, cabinet afterwards as an addenda, have not been carriages marble makers, ; 4 blacksmith shops, 2 plan- published. He also published a treatise on house-joiners grain oil the powers of the mind, considered valuable. ing-mills, sawmills, mill, mill, blind-maker, sash door He was an able practitioner of his profession plough shop, and makers, coopers, painters, mason, butcher, till 1833, when he was elected judge of the Supreme Court, and reelected in 1834, dis- cattle dealers; also 2 clergymen, 4 physi.- dwelling- charging the duties of the office with distin- cians and 4 lawyers. The private guished ability. His wife having deceased, houses are about 120, with 150 families and on retiring from the bench he ever after made from 700 to 1000 inhabitants. This village town, it his home with his only daughter, Mary R., lies in the southerly part of the and Mrs. George C. Cahoon; and, although ad- derives its name from the junction and course vanced in life, yet, possessing good health of the roads. and a vigorous constitution, he entered into Lyndon Centre, deriving its name from its the practice of law again with the ardor of locality, is about two miles north from the youth, especially of chancery, in which he Corner, situate in which are 2 church edifices, delighted, and at his death, in 1847, aged 79 the town hall and school-house, and a public years, was esteemed one of the most learned house. It has 2 clergymen, 1 physician, 2 lawyers of the state. His mind was not so merchants, 2 shoe shops, 2 blacksmiths, se- ; ; LYNDON. 353 veral house-joiners, 1 rail road contractor, 1 It is placed in the centre of the group of graves starch factory, 1 sawmill, 1 tannery, 1 har- of father, mother, her mother, two sons, two ness shop, and about one-third of the number daughters, and two grandsons. A beautiful of houses at the Corner, and families and bed is made over the graves, and the shaft people in proportion ; also a post office. The of the monument rests on appropriate bases cemetery is also in this village, and, although of marble and granite. The surviving son it may not possess great interest to strangers, who caused its erection, Lucius Kimball, yet their own is a very interesting feature to Esq., of Brooklyn, N. Y., must have cultivat- the people of every town and locality. It is ed his taste in Greenwood Cemetery. The situated in rear of the town hall, as now monument of Dr. Charles B. Darling, of rich called, being for many years the only meet- Italian marble, octagonal, fluted and other- ing-house in town, and the ground in the wise ornamented, and of elegant proportions, cemetery first used for burial, is part of that is the most beautiful in the cemetery. Its donated to the town by Mr. Job Sheldon. It truthful tribute is " He was a good man." was first used in 1803, by the burial of Lucy, A few weeks since his beautiful wife was daughter of Capt. Joel Fletcher, and none laid by his side, to claim another tablet to other in town has been used since, unless a departed worth. The family monuments of few in the Elder Quimby neighborhood, long Hon. Isaac Fletcher, Capt. Joel Fletcher and ago. It contains a large congregation of our Josiah C. Willard, Esq., are as large and ex- loved and honored dead. The old part was pensive, and some of them more so, than Mr. indiscriminately used without reference to Kimball's, and of similar materials, but vary , order, but on adding the new part at the in form and finish, to suit the taste of the west, it was allotted out as well as it could purchaser. The Trull, Bemiss, Curtis and be, and laid out in good taste. Another Bowker, are also good ones, but not so large addition, on the whole length of the north nor of the same order. In proportion to the side, was made a year or two ago. Since whole, the monuments are but few, but there this purchase, the whole grounds have been are an unusual number of beautiful head encircled with a nice new painted fence, and stones, and many of them of the richest Ita- ornamented by terraces and flower beds lian marble of good size and proportions, costly family monuments and a very large very thick and highly polished on all sides, number of beautiful head-stones are erected and set in appropriate granite bases. to our friends, and high above them all, on In other parts of the town there are some elevated ground at the west end of the centre 8 blacksmith shops, also other mechanics, avenue, stands a tall Italian obelisk upon such as are needful and will make themselves marble pedestals and granite base of appro- useful in every community, such as house priate dimensions, inscribed to the memory joiners, chair makers, sash and blind makers, of about twenty Revolutionary officers and mill Wright, 7 or 8 saw mills, carding ma- soldiers who have died in town. This was chine, starch factories, &c., &c., and at the erected under the superintendence of a town rail road station a large wholesale store, be- committee, with funds raised by private and sides the capacious depot and storage store. voluntary donation ; an appropriate tribute More with propriety might be said of the from the right source — a spontaneous out- convenience and benefit of the rail road to pouring of the treasures of the heart to the the town. Freight for the Lyndon stations champions of freedom. There is an expensive is usually deposited in the depot, but might tomb near the centre of the ground, with be taken off at the Folsom crossing, three hewn granite front and iron doors, erected miles north, where there is a side track con- by Elder Daniel Quimby for private family venient to East Burke, where many cars are use, which has occasionally been used as a loaded from the north part of the town and receiving tomb. The family monument of Burke, and from Wheelock and Sheffield Abel Carpenter, Esq., one of the Revolution- but all those towns usually take their freight ary officers, whose name is familiar, was the to and from the depot, situated about -| of a first erected here. Its base was granite, and mile southeast from the Corner. Large its column white Vermont marble, good for numbers of cattle, sheep and horses are sent its time, but less than those of recent struc- from here, also large quantities of butter, ture. The next erected, was to the family potatoes and starch, and of whatever is of Jude Kimball, Esq. This, for the purposes marketable ; and a great number of carri- intended and the number of its inscriptions, ages and harnesses made in town for the is probably better proportioned and more sunny south and California, in better days, symmetrical than any other in the cemetery. to order. 354 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. There is not great ornamental beauty in 1856, Edward A. Cahoon. the location or structure of the buildings of 1857, William H. McGaifey. the main village, the site being uneven and 1858-1861, Isaac W. Sanborn, incumbent. lacking compass and space for building and State Councillors. pleasure grounds ; but it is adapted to its use of being a busy central business place 1814, Nicholas Bayliesf (then of Montpelier). not only of the town, but of a large sur- 1815-'20, William Cahoon.f rounding country. Its surroundings are 1820-22, Wm. Cahoon,f Lieut. Gov. and ex- high, but verdant hills of pasture ground ofiicio Councillor. and cultivated fields, and if the mind is 1826-32, Benj. F. Deming.f weary of confinement in the seeming fast- 1833-34, George C. Cahoon. nesses, the body has but to climb to the Office abolished in 1836, and Senate created. summit, and there will be ample space in State Senators. which to breathe free and easier, and for 1836, Joseph H. Ingalls.f thought to soar. 1840, Elias Remiss, Jr.f The census shows the population to have 1841, '2, Thomas Bartlett, Jr. been in 1791, 59; in 1800, 542; in 1810, 1843, '4, George C. Cahoon. 1092; in 1820, 1296; in 1830, 1750; in 1840, 1845, '6, Welcome Remiss. 1753; in 1850, 1754; and 1860, number not 1847, '8, Sam'l R. Mattock, now of L. known by the writer, but understood to have 1849, '51, Eph. Chamberlin. diminished a trifle. For several years the 1856, '7, Edward A. Cahoon. town has not increased much in population, I and probably for the last decenary not quite Council of Censors. held its own.* This arises from a variety of 1806, Isaiah Fisk.f causes, one of which is that the inhabitants 1813, Nicholas Raylies.f are mostly engaged in agriculture, and that Representatives. there is but little unsettled land in the home Tears. market, and that held at so high a price as to 1792, Dan. Cahoon,f ..... 1 be eclipsed by the large amount of lands at 1793, Josiah Arnold, .... the west at government prices. Another is 1794-1802, inclusive, Daniel Cahoon, Sr.,f the golden bait for the greedy at California, 1802, '5, '8, '9, '10, '11, '12, '25, '26, Wil- Pike's Peak and Australia, both these causes liam Cahoon,f . . have greatly tended to deplete this and other 1803, '4, '13, '14, '15, '16, '17, '18, '21, '23, towns in the vicinity of their richest trea- Isaiah Fisk,f .... 10 sures, their enterprising young men and 1806, '7, Abraham Smith,f 2 women, to people the wilderness or delve in 1819, '20, '22, '24, Isaac Fletcher,f 4 the mines. And many young men and wo- 1827-33, Job Randall, . 7 men have gone abroad to find broader fields 1834, '52, '53, E. R. Chase, 3 in which to disseminate learning, mete out 1835, George C. Cahoon, 1 justice, administer the potent pill, or declare 1836, '7, Elias Remiss, Jr.,f 2 Walfe;er,f . peace on earth and good will to man. It is 1838, '9, Renjamin 2 no wonder then, that our numbers should de- 1840, '41, '48, '49, Stephen McGaffey, 4 '3, Renaiah Sanborn, 2 crease under such a process : yet we have a 1842, healthful and intelligent population left, with 1844, '5, Asaph Willmarth,f 2 as fair prospects of prosperity and happiness 1846, '7, Lucius Kimball, 2 as usually falls to the lot of man. 1850, '54, '55, Thomas Rartlett, Jr., 3 1851, John D. Miller, 1 STATE, COUNTY AND TOWN OFFICERS, 1856, Daniel L. Ray, . 1 1857, '8, William H. McGaffey, 2 besidents of lyndon. 1859, '60, Sumner S. Thompson, 2 Clerks. Town 1861, George Ide, incumbent. 1791, '2, '3, Daniel Gaboon, Jr.f Convention. 1793-1808, Daniel Cahoon, Sr.f Delegates to Constitutional 1808-1829, William Cahoon.f 1793, Josiah Arnold.f 1829-1843, Elias Remiss, Jr.f 1814, '28, William Cahoon.f 1843-1845, Andrew J. Willard. 1822, Isaac Fletcher.f 1845-1855, John M. Hoyt. 1836, '43, George C. Cahoon. 1855, John McGaflfey. 1850, '57, Thomas Rartlett, Jr. * See Chapter County Census Table, page 270. t Deceased. . . LYNDON. 355 Judge of Supreme Court. Presidential Electors. 1833, '4, Nicholas Baylies.* Judge Baylies Of President Madison, William Cahoon ;* formerly resided at Montpelier but in of President Lincoln, Edward A. Cahoon. Lyndon the last 12 years of his life. Both were messengers to Washington. Judges of the County Court. Practicing Attorneys, 1807 (1st), Isaiah Fisk.* Years. Thomas Bartlett. 1822 (last), in all 14 years, being chief Edward A. Cahoon. justice, ...... 8 George C. Cahoon, 1811-19, William Cahoon,* ... 8 George W. Cahoon, partners. 1824, '5, Samuel A Willard, ... 2 1839, '42 '3, Ephs. B. Chase, . . 3 Physicians, Charles S. Cahoon. State Attorneys. Horace Stevens. 1820-29, Isaac Fletcher,* ... 8 Daniel Trull. '6, '7, '47, George C. Cahoon, . 4 1835, Edward Mattocks, Allopathy. 1839, '41, '2, Thomas Bartlett, Jr., . . 3 Chester W. Scott, Homoeopathy, 1851, '2, 3, Henry S. Bartlett, . . 3 Lyndon Centre. 1854, '5, Edward A. Cahoon, ... 2 Enoch Blanchard, Allopathy. 1860, '1, George W. Cahoon, incumbent, 2 Sheriffs. Post Masters. Lyndon. 1815, '16, Jude Kimball,* . John M. Weeks, 1828, '9, '30, '31, Silas Houghton,* 1861, Aug., Wm. H. McGaffey. 1832, '3, '4, '5, Charles Roberts, . 1851, '2 '3, George Ide, Lyndon Centre. 1854, '5, Horace Evans at St. Johnsbury, Elisha Sanborn. ' 1856, '7, Orenso P. Wakefield, . . . In the 71 freemen's meetings, holden since Mr. Evans's family were early settlers the organization of the town, it is a remark- of Lyndon, where he lived many years able fact that there has always been an elec- and officiated as deputy there a long pe- tion of a representative, and never but one riod, previously to his election as sheriff. failure of his attending the legislature, and Judges of Probate. that of General Cahoon in 1810 by reason of 1821-32, Benjamin F. Dcming,* 12 sickness. Farmers have represented 48 1836 (1st), '47 (last), Samuel B. Mat- years, lawyers 9, merchants 9, physician 2, carriage-maker 1, and rail road contractor, tocks, . . . . , 2 ; the representatives of 40 years are Registers. known to be dead, the others except one, are 1821, '2, George B. Shaw,* . known to be living. 1823, '3, '5, George C. Cahoon, . 1826 (1st), '38 (last), Samuel B. Mattocks, CALEDONIA COUNTY FARMERS' CLUB. BY THE SECRETARY. County Clerks. A convention was called at the Town Hall . 1817-32, Benj. F*. Deming, . " .16 in Lyndon, the 5th day of September, 1860, Mr. D. was a merchant at Lyndon, and to organize an agricultural society to accom- relinquished it to very faithfully perform modate more particularly the citizens of his official oppointments. Northern Caledonia. A large number were 1837 (1st), '48 (last), Samuel B. Mattocks, 12 in attendance, the convention enthusiastic Mr. Mattocks formerly resided at Dan- and harmonious. After a temporary organ- ville, and represented that town 3 years, and ization by choosing Hon. E. A. Cahoon, was cashier of the Bank of Caledonia 8, president, and I. W. Sanborn, secretary, and and has been cashier of the Bank of Lyn- spirited remarks from gentlemen of the seve- don 5 years, and now holds it. ral towns represented, a county farmers' Members of Congress. club was permanently organized, with the 1829-33, William Cahoon,* ... 4 following officers: Elisha Sanborn, presid- Ranney, ; 1833, '4, Benjamin F. Deming,* . . 2 ent ; Sullivan vice president I. 1837-41, Isaac Fletcher,* ... 4 W. Sanborn, secretary ; Charles Folsom, treasurer. 1851-53, Thomas Bartlett, Jr., . . 2 * Deceased. _The first exhibition was held at Lyndon !! ! — !! ——— ! 356 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Centre on Thursday, the 20th of the same 'Tis that error now shall crumble month, with very satisfactory results. 'Neath the power of justice's might. Nearly a thousand head of cattle wei-e ex- Truth shall cruel tyrants humble, hibited, including 792 oxen ! The other de- Bringing "hidden things" to light. partments were well represented, especially Now the fettering curse of thralldom the ladies, or Floral Hall. Shall extend not with its sin. At the second annual meeting, held Jan. Since our Ruler we've installed him, 30, 1861, the same oflBcers were reelected with Lincoln's rails will fence it in an additional vice-president and secretary. The second exhibition was held on the WEARY NOT. same ground, Oct. 2, 1861. The fair was Weary not tho' very successful. each endeavor Brings not now success to thee, The society is founded upon a basis in Work in faith — remember never many respects dissimilar to any other in the Acts of goodness lost will state. Diplomas are awarded instead of cash be. premiums, thus rendering the expenses of Sit not down with heart despairing. the society comparatively small, the neces- Weary not within the strife, sary funds being raised by membership sub- There's a goal that's worth the sharing, scriptions. The results thus far have proved Brighter than this tear-dimmed life. very satisfactory. THE FARMER'S GIRL. A GEEEN MOUNTAIN SONG. BY J. P. SMITH. BY ISAAC W. SANBOKN. The history of this town contains little to For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah interest that class of readers whose homes Hurrah for the farmer's girl are among the thriving towns and villages of Light is her step o'er the grassy lawn, our state, surrounded by wealth and luxury, As that of the playful, agile fawn, and who have little or no sympathy for the Hurrah for the farmer's girl rough backwoodsman and hardy pioneer. For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah ! Those, however, who cherish the memory of Hurrah for the farmer's girl our forefathers, and sympathize with those cheeks are tinged with a roselike hue. Her who encountered so many difficulties and lips are red and her eyes are blue, Her hardships in subduing the dense forests, and the farmer's girl, hurrah For preparing a home for themselves and their For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah descendants, will love to read their humble Hurrah for the farmer's girl story, and draw the parallel between their She's hale and hearty, noble and true, own comfortable times, and those of their Ever ready for the work she has to do, ancestors. This town is situated in the Hurrah for the farmer's girl north or northeast part of the county, and was laid out in the form of a square, con- For the farmer's girl, hurrah, hurrah taining 36 square miles. It was formerly a Hurrah for the farmer's girl part of Essex county. It was chartered She's truthful, trusting, generous, kind, August 15, 1781, to William Wall and others. Happy and gleeful just to your mind, — The first land that was cleared in its limits For the farmer's girl, hurrah was near the boundary of Burke, in the year 1795. In September, 1797, James Ball Kxlracts from " Lelia Lyndon " (Miss Susannah S. Burt). SOMETHING NEW. came with his family, and settled upon the farm now occupied by his son, Mr. Perley In reply to an article in The Aurora of Ball. In 1801, Eleazer Packer came and set- Nov. 24, 1860. tled some two miles deeper still in the forest. We have found the priceless dower, Charles Palmer came in 1804. These were We've obtained the fitting gem. the first settlers. Others came in soon after, And it sparkles bright this hour. and the town was organized in 1809. These In our nation's diadem families suflFered many privations. The Would you know the thing selected, nearest grist mill was at Lyndon, 12 miles As the "something new " we scan? away, and the cold summer of 1816 destroyed 'Tis that "Honest Abe" 's elected nearly all their crops. In the course of a Champion in the truth's bright van. few years, however, large tracts of forest land — NEWARK. 357 were cleared of then- timber, and bountiful a saw mill. On the road from Newark to harvests repaid the settler for his labors and Island Pond is a mineral spring, the waters placed hijS family in comfortable circum- of which are supposed to run through a stances. The soil of this town is naturally- stratum of coal, as it is strongly impregnated fertile and well adapted to the growth of with carbonic acid. There are three large wheat. 40 bushels to the acre have been ponds of water in the town, one of which raised on the farm now owned by D. D. Hall, is situated exactly in its centre, and is called and from 30 to 40 bushels on fields of from 40 Centre Pond. The manufacture of lumber to 75 acres on the farm of Alpheus Stoddard. is carried on to a considerable extent ; there But the ravages of the weevil (or midge, as are 7 saw mills, 1 grist mill and 2 starch fac- it is now called), has led to the cultivation tories. The number of school districts is 9, of other crops to the almost total neglect of and the population is 567. wheat. The present year (1860), however, One serious drawback to the interests of the weevil has not made its appearance, and this town, has been its geographical position, strong hopes are entertained by our farmers though we trust the time will come when-it that wheat will yet be raised abundantly as will cease to be felt. It is divided by ranges in "days of old." The failure of the wheat of hills in such a manner that it is difficult crop turned the attention of our farmers to establish a central locality where the citi- especially to the raising of potatoes and zens may meet to transact their business. herds grass seed. One palpable effect of this is, that the mer- The last named gentleman above who set- chant in the adjoining towns receive the tled here in 1820, has cleared 600 acres of benefit of our trade. Another is, that though timbered land for this purpose. He has there are 3 religious societies in town, there reaped some years 100 acres of grass for is no meeting house. Several attempts have seed. The labor of clearing a heavy growth been made to erect one, but have failed by of timber from the soil, is immense; to en- reason of disputes as to the location. A gage in it extensively and successfully, re- proposition is now before the town to build quires men of muscle and strong constitu- a town hall in connection with a church, tions. Among the enterprising farmers of which will probably succeed. this town who have added much to its [The meeting house has been erected and wealth in this way, are Alpheus Stoddard, dedicated the past season Ed.'\ Henry DoUoff, Eleazer Davis, Marshall Stod- dard and Samuel Gray. In 1852, M. Stod- Obed Johnson dard raised 8,600 bushels of potatoes, all Moved into Newark from in 1812, and clearing his land. a man of upon newly cleared land ; he has also reaped began He was 100 acres of grass seed in a single year. uncommon energy and industry ; an excel- The township is well watered. Here the lent and skillful farmer. As a citizen, he Passumpsic river takes its rise. The settle- was obliging and trustworthy ; as a christian, ment has extended gradually. It is a post he was of exemplary piety, and an invalu- town, and has four school districts. able member of the church. Practically This town is also celebrated for its large benevolent, it was his custom when a sub- productions of maple sugar. The original scription was in circulation in behalf of any growth of timber upon two-thirds of its religious enterprise to give a sum double area, consisted of maple, beech and birch, that of any other contributor. He acted as maple being in the excess ; many beautiful class leader in the Methodist churclj for 40 groves of this useful tree have been cut years. He died in 1858, aged 72. down, but many yet remain. The eastern slope of a mountain which extends from East ADDITIONAL FACTS. Haven to the centre of the town (a distance BY L." M. SLEEPER. of three miles), is covered for two miles or List of first town officers, 1809 — Eleazer more with a continuous forest of sugar- Packer, James Ball, John Sleeper, select- maple. Many tons of sugar are made here men ; David Pike, treasurer ; Miles Coe, con- annually. Another remarkable feature of stable. the town, is the great number of perennial First justice — Eleazer Packer, 1808, 20 springs. There is scarcely a farm that does years ; others, Lauren M. Sleeper, 19 ; Amos not contain one, and some six or seven. On Parker, 15 ; Philemon Hartwell, 13 ; and the farm of Mr. A. P. Taft is a beautiful Miles Coe, 12. spring of clear water, which sends off from First representative — Eleazer Packer, its fountain-head a stream sufficient to turn 1811 (1858). 45 — 358 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. First merchant — James Morse, 1832. PEACHAM. First teacher of common school — Ursula Newell, 1810. BY REV. A. BOUTELLE. First birth — Arnold, son of James Ball. Peacham received a corporate existence by First death — Eleazer Jr., son of Eleazer charter from Benning Wentworth, governor Packer, April 3, 1806. of New Hampshire, Dec. 31, 1763. This First marriage — Philemon Hartwell and charter made over to seventy grantees, " in- Sally Hartwell, by Eleazer Packer, June 28, habitants of N. Hampshire and of our other 1812. governments, and to their heirs and assigns The oldest person among the early settlers forever," a tract of land — 23,040 acres — who has deceased, was Mr. Billings. " six miles square and no more." The oldest now living, is the same Eleazer A tract of land lying between Danville and Packer, who was at the head of the second Peacham, which afterward received a town- family that moved into town. From the ship charter under the name of Deweysburg, organization of the town till age demanded was by act of the legislature divided in 1810, his retirement from public services, he was a part added to Danville and a part to Peach- among the first and foremost in all business am, which gave it a territory of 25,695 acres. transactions ; he held many of the most im- Peacham is in the second range of town- portant town offices year after year, and ships westerly from Connecticut River, and many times represented this town in the its principal village is 7 miles northwesterly general assembly of the state ; was justice from its rail road station at Barnet. A high of the peace until he refused longer to serve, ridge of land passes through the westerly and is a member of the Methodist church. part of the town, running northeast and southwest, which divides the waters of the [About 21 years since, in the northeast town running into Lake Champlain, from corner of Newark, lived Calvin Hudson, first those passing into Connecticut River. The settler on the east road from Burke line to territory of the town lies chiefly on the east- Bi'ighton, which was then only brushed out. ern slopes of this dividing ridge, and though Here he and his brother, Kitridge Hudson, a varied surface, has many excellent farms, had bought a right of land, and Calvin had well adapted for all kinds of grain, grass and built a log house, and moved his family, a pasturage. We can say in truth, both val- wife and 7 children, in the fall before. In leys and hills possess a remarkable fertility, the winter he made shingles. One morning some of our best farms being on high swells his family being in want of "necessaries," of land. he took his knapsack and started for Burke. From the summits of some of our high Not being very well, he declined waiting for hills beautiful prospects are obtained. On breakfast, and started before the family had one of these, called by w^ay of legendary risen. At Burke he made his purchases, and distinction. Devil Hill, looking west and started for home. A storm came on, and north, the eye gazes upon an almost un- the snow fell fast; at Seymour Walton's, broken wilderness, extending from the base last house in East Haven, still 5 miles dis- of the hill directly beneath your feet for tant, he stopped to warm, and again, not to several miles, while by just turning around, be detained, pushed on homeward. Two without other change of position, the culti- days afterward (I had the narrative from the vated farms of Peacham and Barnet, lie lips of his brother, and give it from memory), spread out to the beholder's view. From within 40 rods of home, he was found frozen Cow Hill, a still higher eminence, the by the wayside. Coiled up at his feet (the vision is bounded north and west by the snow melted beneath the devoted animal), Green Mountain range and to the east by lay his own faithful little dog. And after the Franconia and White mountains in New .the funeral several days — the family having Hampshire. Looking west, or looking east, been removed — some one visiting the de- the whole intervening country lies spread serted house, found this same affectionate out in all its untold variety of hills, valleys, creature had stayed behind and crawled be- forests, ponds, farms and villages. neath the blanket that wrapped the body of Within the limits of the town are several his dead master before the burial, and had ponds, or small lakes, some of wliich, en- been left upon the shelf in the entryway; vironed with forests, and fed by mountain and with difficulty was he coaxed from the springs, are remarkably clear and much vi- sacred relic and solitary house. IId.'\ sited by those fond of piscatorial diversions. Onion River Pond—so called as the source PEACHAM. 359 of one of the principal branches of Onion, spent the winter together in Peacham. These or Winooski River—is in the westerly part were the first white men who wintered here, of the town, covering an area of about 300 and may be called the fathers of the town. acres. Little Osmore Pond, one mile west But the few increased a little from year to of Onion—a long sheet of water wholly sur- year till the close of the war. rounded by forests—has on its bed a deposit In October, 1777, was born Harvey Elkins, of infusorial marl, much admired by geolo- the first white m 360 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. should "stick the stake," they were Tery present Congregational Church was organ- reluctant to stick to their vote. Happily in ized with 12 members. The last survivor of 1795, their thoughts were turned to the ques- this number was Mary Bailey, 2d, who died tion of erecting an academy, and of using in Glover in 1844, aged 92 years. In the the same building, both for a school and a same year 23 others united with the church, sanctuary, and the question prevailed, and three of whom lived till after the present Caledonia County Grammar School, located pastor was settled over the church. Jona- in Peacham, received its charter, bearing than Elkins and Reuben Miner were its first date Oct. 27, 1795. It seems the question deacons. In 1800 there were 41 members, was agitated whether the County School of whom Rev. Leonard Worcester was the should be here or the Court House and Jail, 40th, who was ordained pastor of the church, and the people wisely decided to have the Oct. 30, 1799. School, and posterity thanks them for the Thus we come down to 1800. Within less wisdom of the choice. For Peacham, it was than 30 years the wilderness had been in- a happy day when she said, Danville may vaded, and before the sturdy blows of the have the Court House, we will have the woodchopper the forest had rapidly disap- School; and Danville was satisfied, rejoiced peared, and these now beautiful and fertile and was glad. The academy located here, slopes of land laid open to the light of the drew to it the eyes and the hearts of the sun, and bountiful harvests crowned the la- people. The meeting house wrangle was bors of the husbandman. Substantial dwell- hushed. The men called from New Hamp- ings took the place of log cabins, roads were shire, to " stick the stake," were not needed. opened and graded, an academy built and set The people this time stuck their own stake, agoing under auspicious influences, a print- and on the brow of the noble eminence called ing press established from whence for several afterward Academy Hill, the stake was years a weekly newspaper was issued, a stuck and all the people said amen. The church organized and a pastor settled. The town agreed to support the principal three people worked — earned their bread by the years, and in addition, erect a commodius sweat of the brow. The idle and shiftless building. On the 1st of December, 1797, it were not wanted and were summarily re- was opened for the reception of pupils, and minded they might return whence they came. Ezra Carter, Esq., was the first principal. The Elkinses were brave men, the six From that time to this, it has gone its way gigantic Blanchards were not behind, while prospering, with an annual average aggre- William Chamberlain run lines both for land gate of 200 pupils. It has had 35 different and conduct. Others too, as the McLaugh- preceptors, of whom 24 were graduates of lins, Skeele, the Baileys, Minors, Merrills, Dartmouth, 3 of Yale, 2 of U. V. M., 4 of Martins, made their mark, and posterity Middlebury and 1 of Harvard. Among these honor their memory. Among its freemen at are the honored names of Ezra Carter and that time were William Chamberlain, after- Jeremiah Evarts, Esqrs., David Chassell, D. ward member of congress and lieutenant- D., David Merrill, Prof. Bartlett, Evarts and govenor of the state, John Mattocks, for 6 Noah Worcester, Daniel Christie, John Lord, years member of congress, governor of the Mellen Chamberlin and C. C. Chase. Hon. state and a judge in the supreme court, Thaddeus Stevens, Hon. Samuel Merrill, Leonard Worcester, for 40 years a wise, de- Chief Justice Redfield, Rev. Wilbur Fiske, voted and successful minister of the gospel D. D., were among its pupils. Its present not to mention the boys and girls, who in principals are Lyman S. Watts, A. B., and after years grew up sturdy yeomanry, bow- Miss Jane E. Chamberlin. ing not, nor doing reverence to king, pope or bishop, abhorring slavery, and titled aris- RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. tocracies of all grades. The people of the town have ever taken a From 1800 its prosperity has been steadily warm interest in its moral and religious onward to this day, comparing favorably welfare. In 1784, when it does not appear with any other town in a rural region for there were more than 6 freemen in town, it health, wealth, enterprise, thrift, intelligence was voted to raise $60 for preaching, and in and positive religious influences. that same year a church was organized by The Academy has had a very happy in- Rev. Mr. Powers of Newbury, consisting of fluence on the resident population as upon 18 members of the Presbyterian order. That other hundreds who have gone from us. In church did not prosper, and at length dis- 1840 Mr. Worcester stated in a published banded. On the 14th of April, 1794, the serm'on ; " No less than 26 young men from : — PEACHAM. 361 among the inhabitants of this town have ob- be given only for 10 years—from 1851 to '61. tained a college education, having been fitted These amount to about $5,844; beside some for college in this institution." It is be- $22,000 in legacies by Dr. Josiah Shedd. lieved this was the first academy building The first meeting-house of the Congrega- erected in the state of Vermont. tional Society was built in 1806 on Aca- demy Hill, and for the times was a large The Congregational Chuiich and So- and beautiful building, and what was better ciety. still, usually filled with hearers from sabbath As before remarked, the church was or- to sabbath. Its cost was more than $5,000. ganized in 1794. Rev. Leonard AVorcester The present pastor of the church is the third was ordained as pastor Oct. 30, 1799, and till from its beginning. 1810 labored faithfully in the work of the [Not long since while on a visit at the ministry. He appears to have been the right Peacham parsonage, the present lady there man in the right place, and in the memories (Mrs. B.) remarked unto us, " This church can of a grateful people his words and deeds are claim what probably not another church of still garnered up. It was a ministry of great its age can in the state. It has had but three prosperity, and generally during the period of pastors—two are in the grave yard over his labors the church occupied a very com- there, the other in the parsonage here." manding position among those of the de- nomination in the state. In the 18th year of his ministry there began a revival of re- Methodist Episcopal Chuech. ligion which continued for tAvo years, when by kev. d. packer. 225 were received to its membership on profes- The M. E. Church in Peacham was organ- sion of faith. Again in 1831, in a time of ized by Rev. D. Field in 1831. There had great darkness and no little alienation among been occasional preaching in the east part brethren, the Spirit was wonderfully poured of the town, some three years previous, by out from on high, and in the course of 14 the Rev. Mr. Fairbank, stationed preacher months 154 w^ere added; when the total of at Danville, and Rev. A. Sias. its membership arose to 370, and except The following ministers have been regu- Middlebury, it was the largest church in the larly appointed at Peacham state. During Mr. Worcester's ministry 571 D. Field, 1831, 1 year were added. His formal connection as pas- John Currier, . . 1832, 2 do till tor was not dissolved his death, which oc- 0. Curtiss, . 1834, 1 do curred May 28, 1846. He was succeeded by J. A. Sweetland, . 1835, 1 do Rev. David Merrill—a native of Peacham, C. Lyscomb, 1836, 1 do of the church, and a member —who was in- Roswell Putnam, . 1837, 1 do stalled September 9, 1841. Mr. Merrill was J. H. Patterson, 1838, 1 do 9 years, pastor nearly dying suddenly, July J. N. Hume, . . 1839, 1 do his ministry 22, 1850. During 99 were added W. Evans, . 1840, 1 do to the membership. The present pastor, Pi,ev. John Clark, . 1841, 1 do installed A. Boutelle, was February 13, 1851. J. D. Rust, . 1842, 2 do Since his ministry commenced, 132 have been R. Bedford, . . 1844, 2 do leaving a added, present membership of F. T.Albee, . 1846, 1 do 260. .its about Since organization in 1794, H. P. Gushing, . 1847, 2 do there have been added 877. A. G. Button, 1849, 2 do This chui-ch and society have always taken H. Hitchcock, . . 1851, 2 do a warm interest in the cause of humanity, D. S. Dexter, 1853, 1 do temperance and missions. Forty years ago E. D. Hopkins, . 1854, 2 do there were some 30 distilleries in operation N. W. Aspinwall, 1856, 2 do but for than here, more 25 years they have George F. Wells, . 1858, 1 do ceased to be, and the places they occupied D. Packer, . 1859, 1 do will be known as such no more forever. So The Society built a chapel in 1832, which far as votes are tests of temperance, this was dedicated January 1, 1833. During the town has sometimes been called the "banner first decade to 1840 the Society numbered " town in Vermont, and the same may pro- 111, including probationers. In 1850 it bably be said of the attendance upon public numbered in full membership and probation- worship on the sabbath day. The statistics ers 123. In 1860 we reported in full and of contributions for benevolent purposes in probationers 141. In 1859 the number was the Congregational Church and Society can 74 only; but the Lord of the vineyard blessed — 362 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. us with a gloi'ious revival during our first At another clearing, at P. Blanchard's year, nearly 100 professed faith in Christ. place, about dark, one thought he saw an We have expended during our two years, in Indian. The dog soon began to bark and repairs in the chapel, and parsonage $725. snarl. The cabin fire was put ovxt, the dog Well may we say, "AVhat hath God wrought," seized, his jaws held together to keep him to Ilim be the praise. still, and the family fled into a slashing of [We here resume Mr. Boutelle's MS. Ed.'\ timber, where they spent the night in dark- Peacham had in 1791 the largest population ness, taking turns in confining the dog's of any town in the county, and in 1800 the mouth till light, when they fled to the gar- largest except Danville. In 1840 it had 1443 ; rison. in 1850, 1377 ; in 1860, 1257. One day, at the farm of Mr. Aaron Bailey, the hog made an outcry. Upon looking, it INCIDENTS. was found a large bear had laid hold of the Aloof from scenes of war, in which the porker, resolved on a good meal. Mrs. B. towns bordering on Lake Champlain so seized a cudgel, and in the true grit of those much participated, we have scarce anything early days, dealt out tipon him blow after to speak of as unusual or marvelous. blow, till Bruin gave up and fled, and so The first millstones for a gristmill in she delivered the hog out of the paw of the Peacham were drawn from Newbury on an bear. ox sled, by Col. Johnson, of N. He tarried In the cold summer of 1816, snow began over night with Dea. Elkins. Somehow, the to fall on the 9th of June and continued next Tories found out he was there. They had a day till it was several inches deep. Mr. special dislike to Col. Johnson, Gen. Bailey, Joseph Walker, aged 82 years, went to a and Rev. Peter Powers. They hated Bailey distant pasture to drive in some lately for his influence over the Indians j they hat- sheared sheep, became bewildered in the ed Johnson for his bravery at the taking of snow-storm, lost his way, laid out in the Ticonderoga ; and Powers, for he now and woods two nights, and when found on the then preached on freedom and human rights, third day was near perishing. His feet were and that was preaching politics. Knowing badly frozen, rendering amputation of some Johnson was staying with a defenceless of the toes necessary. He was found on farmer, about midnight they surrounded the Sunday, and so general was the rally to house, and entering, took prisoners whom search for him, that it is said only two men they would, at the point of the bayonet. were present at church that day. Resistance was useless, and Johnson, with In 1811, a malignant fevei; swept over the Jacob Page, Col. J. Elkins and a younger town—called the spotted fever—particularly brother, were marched ofl^ before daylight, fatal to children. There were 59 deaths that prisoners of war. Johnson told the Tories year, out of a population of 1300, of whom the younger Elkins would not live to get 34 were under ten years of age. Almost through the woods, as he was feeble, "hav- every house was a house of mourning. From ing been drowned when a little boy," and 1800 to 1838, the average mortality was they let the boy return, to his great joy and 16f per year. From Jan,, 1851, to Jan., that of his parents. Col. J. found many old 1861, the number of deaths has been 192, an acquaintances among the Tories, now bitter average of 19^ per year, the largest, annual enemies. There were eleven of them under mortality being in 1852, when the deaths the command of a Capt. Prichard. This afi^air were 38. The erysipelas and scarlet fever happened March 6, 1781. were very prevalent that year. At another time during the war, several Mrs. Ruth Watts was instantly killed by men were cleai'ing land not far from Cow lightning July 13, 1813. Hill. One morning, as they went for lunch in their camp, leaving axes behind, an In- FIRST THINGS. dian stole down from the hill—where also It is believed the first trees felled by white were two Tories and other Indians — and men for clearing, were on the Dea. Elkins counted and examined the axes, and fled farm, and the first log cabin was on that back. The Tories insisted on going down to farm. scalp and massacre. "No," said the Indian, The first religious meeting was at the "we no meet men who use such big axes. house of Mr. Moody Morse, where Thomas We want three Indians to fight one big white Morse now lives, and at or near the same man. We no go." The Tories yielded, and place was assembled the first common they went away. school. ;. ; PEACHAM. 363 James Bailey was the first town clerk, the He loved peace, and to maintain it, would first town treasurer, and the first represent- make almost any sacrifice. When the Tories ative to the state legislature. The first took possession of his dwelling, he yielded selectmen were James Bailey and Simeon rather than defend it, as being in his circum- Walker. The first justices were Wm. Cham- stances the wisest course, and they left his berlain and James Bailey. house standing, and him with his family in The first recorded death of an adult was it, excepting his two sons, and one of those that of Gen. John Chandler of Newtown, returned the day aXter, and the other in the Conn., father of Hon. John W. Chandler, space of two years. His idea was, conquer March 15, 1796. by mildness, more than by fighting ; to per- The first salary pledged by the town to suade rather than drive, and beseech rather the principal of the academy, for the ensu- than fret and threaten ; and by his gentle, ing three years, beginning with 1796, was yielding temperament, may have averted $833.33. Tuition free to the youth of the trouble and calamity from the infant settle- county, and tioenty-jive cents a quarter for ment. He died Dec. 4, 1808, aged 74 years. pupils residing out of the county. His wife died in Peacham, March 7, 1809, The first call to a minister to settle in the aged 71 years. town in the work of the ministry, was as follows: "At a town meeting held in Mr. Col. Jonathan Elkins, Reuben Miner's Barn, July, 1791, Voted Son of Dea. E., born in Haverhill, N. H., to offer Rev. Israel Chapin one half of the Oct. 23, 1761, came with the family to minister's lot and a salary of fifty pounds Peacham, and was taken captive by Tories annually, which sum be paid in wheat at in his father's house, March 6, 1781. He five shillings a bushel, or neat cattle, rating was marched away on foot, in deep snow, six-feet oxen at twelve pounds per yoke." direct to Canada, first to Quebec, then carried The following are the names of the 12 to Ireland, then to England, from whence by persons, members of the Congregational exchange of prisoners, he returned to his Church at its organization, April 12, 1794: friends the following yearii He removed James Bailey, died 1808, aged 86. from P. about 1836, to Albion, N. Y., where Dea. Jonathan Elkins, do 1808, do 74. he died. He possessed a soldierly element, James Bailey, Jr., do 1828, do 77. was fearless, hardy, able to endure, met perils Ephraim Foster, do 1803, do 72. and dangers with firmness, and could mingle Dea. Reuben Miner, do 1829, do 93. in stirring events with self-possession and William Varnum, do 1814, do 68. confidence. His memory is held in high James Abbott, do 1815, do — esteem by those who knew him, as a citizen Mary Bailey, do 1818, do 84. of Peacham in the stirring times of its early Mary Bailey, 2d, do 1844, do 92. history. Mary Walker, do 1834, do 74. Phebe Skeele, do 1836, do 80. Hon. William Chamberlain, Anna Bailey, do , do — Born at Hopkinton, Mass., April 27, 1753; removed with his father to Loudon, N. H., BIOGRAPHICAL. 1773 ; enlisted a volunteer in the army 1775, Dea. Jonathan Elkins, where he. held the office of orderly sergeant Born at Hampton, N. H., 1734 ; married Eliza- went with the army at the invasion of Canada beth of Chester, N. H., 1756, and in 1760 suffered all sorts of privations while so doing, removed to Haverhill, N. H., being among the especially in the retreat, and was one out of first settlers of that town, and coming there in the nine officers and privates who remained very troublous times. From thence in 1776 of a company of 70 to take part in the battle he removed with his family to Peacham. of Trenton, N. J., that same year. At the His was the first family to settle in town, and expiration of his enlistment he returned to his house the first public house kept in P. New Hampshire, but went forth again at the He was also the first deacon of the Presby- invasion of Burgoyne, as a volunteer, was in terian Church in P., and when that ceased to the battle of Bennington, from whence he is be, filled the same of&ce in the Congregational said to have brought away some trophies of Church. More than any other man, he may personal contest with his Hessian enemies. be called the father of the town. As a pio- About 1780 he removed to Peacham, being neer, he was patient, peaceful, persevering then clerk of the proprietors of the town. as a citizen, trusty, worthy and honest;, as a He was town clerk 12 years, justice of the Christian, exemplary, kind, quiet, submissive. peace 24 years, was a member of the con- ; 364 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. vention for framing a state constitution, March 15, 1796. He was one of the early town representative 11 years, member of settlers of the town, was successful in his congress from 1803 to 1805, and from 1809 business transactions, amassed a large pro- to 1811, and lieutenant governor in 1814, the perty, and after filling many offices of trust last of Ms public and civil offices. He died and honor, died July 15, 1855, aged 88 years. Sept. 27, 1828. He was assistant judge 6 years, treasurer of In private life Gen. C. was upright, a the Grammar School, and of the town of friend of order, learning and religion. For Peacham 34 years, when both these offices 15 years he Avas president of the board of were transferred to his son, Samuel A. trustees of Peacham Academy and held the Chandler, Esq., who held them till his death, same office for some years in the County Feb. 11, 1855. Bible Society. He lived to see the wilder- Rev. Leonard Worcester, ness become a cultivated and populous re- Born in Hollis, N. H., Jan. ; he Avas gion, and as a matter of far higher moment 1, 1767 the third son of Noah Worcester, and of the to himself, closed a long, useful and event- 6th generation from Rev. William Worcester, ful life on earth in humble trust of a better who came from England and was settled life in heaven. pastor of the first church gathered in Salis- The Blanchakds. bury, Mass., about 1640. The descendants Abiel, Peter, Joel, Abel, Reuben and Simon, of William may be reckoned by hundreds, six brothers born in Hollis, N. H., came to if not thousands, widely scattered over the Peacham about 1780. Strong, stalwart, fear- Union. Noah (the father of Leonard) was less men, well fitted for the privations and the father of 16 children, and before he died, hazards of pioneer life, they have left a August, 1817, having nearly completed his 82d year, had noted the natal day of 77 numerous posterity ; and while many are dispersed abroad, very many still bear the grandchildren. In a record in his family name around the old homestead. The child- bible, Sept., 1798, he says: "I had eighteen ren of these six brothers, as shown by the children of my own and by mai-riage at my town records, amount to 44. table to-day." In all he had 95 grandchild- ren, and of these 94 were born to 6 sons Ezra Carter, Esq., and 2 daughters. Of his descendants, 17 Born at Concord, N. H., Feb. 15, 1773 have regularly graduated at college, nearly graduated at Dartmouth College, 1797; was half of whom entered the ministry. Six the same year appointed first principal of others have been in the sacred office. the academy in Peacham, which office he The brothers of Leonard who entered the held 10 years, and died Oct. 10, 1811, aged ministry were Noah W., D. D., settled in 38 years. Thornton, N. H., Thomas W. settled in Though a lawyer by profession, he devoted Salisbury, N. H., and Samuel W., D._ D., himself principally to teaching. In that settled in Fitchburg, then in Salem, Mass. vocation he was strict almost to sternness, Of the sons of Noah, two, Samuel and and in discipline resorted pretty freely to Thomas, entered the ministry. arguments that were more telling and impressive Of the sons of Jesse, Henry Aikin W. than words. He had to cope with the rtide- entered the ministry, while his 2d son, ness and independence of a forming period Joseph Emerson W., LL. D., devoted him- in society, and determined to make heaven's self to literary pursuits, noted as the author first law the motto of his doings. In the of gazetteers, geographies and dictionaries. early history of the town he filled an im- Of the sons of Samuel, Samuel M., D. D., portant and useful sphere of action, because was successor of his father 25 years in the he had so much to do with its moral and ministry at Salem. mental culture, to give shape and tone to Leonard of Peacham, was the father of methods of study, application and industry. 14 children, of whom Samuel Austin, Evarts, entered Many of his surviving pupils, now aged men Isaac Redington and John Hopkins and women, though not forgetting the dis- the ministry. Four of his sons regularly it will cipline, bear testimony to his fidelity as a graduated at college, from which be teacher, and his worth as a man. seen he well sustained the ancient character of his ancestors. He served an apprentice- Hon. John Winthrop Chandler, ship, beginning in his 18th year, in the Born in 17G7, the son of Gen. John Chand- printing office of Isaiah Thomas, Esq., in for ler of Newtown, Ct., who died at Peacham, Worcester, Mass., after which he was : PEACHAM. 865 several years editor, printer and publisher "His personal appearance was tall, com- of the Massachuse'tts Spy. This occupation manding, and of full proportions in middle gave him great facilities for reading, and life, erect to the last, strong, compact, and presented a stimulus for correct composing, capable of much endurance, a fit habitation and he diligently improved his opportunity. for such a mind. He never appeared in the He learned grammar,' not from grammar pulpit without full written preparation, and books, but from a careful reading of stand- what he had written, he had written. His ard authors, and there he learned the power voice was strong, clear, and sweet, and his of the English language and how to use it. manner ardent and energetic. Yet with all Tn 179-5 he was chosen deacon of the. first his resolution and force of mind, he was na- church in Worcester, of which Samuel turally bashful, and easily put to the blush. Austin, D. D., was pastor, and turning his at- His defects were such as belong to his pecu- tention to the study of theology, was licensed liar cast of mind — an independent spirit to preach the gospel March 12, 1799, at the could scarcely brook control or desert a po- house of Dr. Emmons, Franklin, Mass. He sition once taken — a sanguine temperament came to Peacham in June the same year, that could hardly conceive itself wrong. preached a few sabbaths, and being unani- There was the honest, ih.^ just, and the pure ; mously invited to settle in the ministry, was but too slight an admixture of the lovely and installed Oct. 30, 1799. It was a prosp.erous the amiable. But these defects disappeared ministry of 40 years ; during that time 571 in great measure as he advanced in life. were added to the church. He succeeded May 28, 1846, he finished his course and re- admirably in uniting the people in himself, tired to rest, but his works live after him, and for more than 31 years of his pastorate, not only in this, the principal scene of his his was the only organized church and so- labors, but wherever the young people of ciety in Peacham, and when he closed his Peacham are scattered. They will feel when ministry, it was in. point of numbers among they learn of his death, that a. great man the foremost in the state. At that time one- has fallen." fourth of the population of the town were Mr. Worcester was town clerk of Peacham professing Christians. 34 years, a trustee in the Grammar School The writer of these lines never heard or 27 years, and president of the board 10 years. saw Mr. W. ; but he sees among the people Several sermons of his preached on special the presence of an influence, which he trusts occasions, were published. will not soon pass away. Few ministers He married for his first wife, Elizabeth, leave behind them a more healthy and abid- daughter of Rev. Samuel Hopkins, D. D., of ing impression. His habits of punctuality, Hadley, Mass., Nov. 1, 1793; foi' his second exactness in the common dealings of life, his wife, Eunice Woodbury of Salem, Mass., conscientious regard for right and wrong in Jan. 25, 1820, who survived him only about all public and private transactions, his indig- 3 months. nant rebukes when judgment was perverted by men in power, his kind and gentle treat- Rev. David Merkill, ment of the serious and thoughtful^ both The successor of Mr. Worcester, and son of young and old, his style of preaching, so Jesse and Priscilla Merrill, was born at free from effort at efi^ect and sensation, so Peacham, Sept. 8, 1798. He was of the straightforward, so simple, yet solemn and 7th generation from Nathaniel Merrill, who earnest, gi-ave, methodical, evangelical, these settled in Ipswich, Mass., in 1638. His gave him power, and his memory is blessed. parents came to Peacham in March, 1789. Such a ministry of 40years could hardly fail to Their children, all born in Peacham, were do a great and good work for the people. The 10 sons and 3 daughters. Three of their town, indeed, owes much to him for the order- sons have been members of Dartmouth ly, religious moral, elements yet existing in College ; James, the oldest, graduated in the habit of attending public worship, punc- 1812; David in 1821. tuality therein, and a prevalent bias of feeling He made a profession of religion in 1817, toward evangelical religion. The house in along with 69 others, who united with the which he so long lived still stands, and his church the same day. Turning his attention grave is among us. A massive granite to the work of the ministry he graduated at monument marks the spot.— fitting memorial Andover, in 1825; was licensed to preach of such a man. In a sermon preached on the gospel the same j'ear, and the year after the occasion of his death by Rev. D. Mei-rill emigrated to the west. After preaching in who knew him well, he thus speaks various places in Indiana and Illinois, he 366 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. came ia 1827 to Urbana, 0., was installed last sickness. He Mas a good man, of un- over the Presbyterian Church in that town, feigned humility of spirit, Christlike, tender, and there remained 14 years. Unanimously peaceable, conscientious, earnest in his work invited to succeed Mr. W. at Peacham, the and in his convictions, a man of prayer, of invitation was accepted, and he was installed faith and love, dying in calm and joyful Sept. 9, 1841. hope of entering the saints' everlasting rest. Mr. Merrill was the author of the popular temperance tract — Ox Sermon. It was Rev. Samuel Austin Worcester, written and published in a village newspa- Born in Worcester, Mass., Jan. 19, 1798; the per in Urbana, in 1832. The Temperance 3d son of Leonard W., graduated at the Uni- Society next .published it in an extra news- versity of Vermont, 1819, and at Andover, paper form, issuing more than 2,000,000 co- 1823 ; went as a missionary to the Cherokee pies. Next it was adopted as a permanent Indians in 1825 ; was stationed at Brainard, tract by the American Tract Society, who East Tennessee, till 1827, then removed to printed more than 200,000 copies. In this Georgia. In Sept., 1831, was imprisoned in way it has had an immense circulation, and the Georgia Penitentiary for refusing to no doubt done great good. That sermon comply with unjust state requirements, reveals the cast of his mind, as original, bearing on the Indians within its borders, shrewd, logical, sagacious. One who knew where he continued till Jan. 14, 1833 — 16 what he was going to say, and having said, months, when he was released and returned knew when to stop. Having taken his posi- to his former place of labor. After various tion, he was not easily driven therefrom. removals, he finally went with the tribe to He respected human authorities, but his the Indian Territory, and died at Park Hill, convictions were superior to authorities, the April 20, 1858. He was a man of great Bible being his great guide in policy and wisdom, firmness, courage, consistency and theology. As a preacher, earnest, sincere, devotedness, eminently fitted for the post he awakening, he made a most faithful applica- held among the Indians in the turbulent tion of truth to the hearts and consciences scenes through which he passed, occasioned of his hearers. Dying in "manhood's mid- by the forcible removal of the Indians from dle day," he still lives, and will long live in the state of Georgia. the hearts of many, both east and west. He Rev. Evarts Worcester, died of erysipelas, after a short and distress- ing sickness of four days, July 22, 1850, aged Fourth son of Leonard, was born at Peacham at 51 years. March 24, 1807 ; graduated Dartmouth, A volume of his sermons, compiled by in 1830, was principal of Peacham Academy, Thomas Scott Pearson, was published in one year, a tutor in Dartmouth College one 1855, to which is prefixed a short biographi- year, and resided in Hanover, pursuing cal memoir. It is a fact of interest that the theological studies till 1836, when he was last sermon in the volume, from the text ordained pastor of the Congregational Church *' What I do thou knowest not now, but thou in Littleton, N. H., where he died the same shalt know hereafter," was never preached. year, Oct. 21. He was a distinguished He left a widow and 10 children, of whom scholar, and had he lived would unquestion- all but one are living at this writing. ably have attained a high rank in his pro- fession. Rev. Ora Pearson, Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, Born in Chittenden, Oct. 6, 1797, graduated Fifth son of Leonard, was born at Peacham, at Middlebury College in 1820, and at An- Oct. 30, 1808, received a medical degree at dover Theological Seminary in 1824. In Dartmouth in 1831; ordained pastor of the 1826 was settled as pastor at Kingston, New Congregational Church in Littleton, N. H., Hampshire, where he remained seven years, 1837 ; dismissed 1842 ; now an assistant after which he labored 3^ years as a mis- secretary of the American Board, and resides sionary in Canada East, and next settled at Auburndale, Mass. over the churches of Glover and Barton, where he remained 6 years. The last 6 Rev. John H. Worcester, ' years of his life was spent in Peacham, where Sixth son of Leonard, born at Peacham, May he died July 5, 1858, aged 60 years. Bereft 28, 1812; graduated at Dartmouth, 1833; of his eyesight, at about 50 years of age he tutor at Dartmouth one year, ordained over ceased to act as pastor, though continuing Congregational Church at St. Johnsbury, to preach as opportunity presented till his 1839 ; dismissed in 1846 ; installed at Bur- : :: PEACHAM. 367 dismissed Oct. 11, 1854; now Lawyers. —Thaddeus Stevens, John C. lington, 1847 ; resides at Burlington. Blanchard, Nathaniel Blanchard, William C. Carter, George B. Chandler, S. A. Chand- JosiAH Shedd, M. D., ler, 0. P. Chandler, William Mattocks, James Born at Eindge, N. H., 1781. He received Merrill, David Gould, A. A. Kix, James a medical diploma at Dartmouth College. Stuart, John A. Gilfillan. Worcester, Spent nearly all his professional life in this In other callings. —Leonard town; was regarded as a skillful practi- Enoch Blanchard 1st, Enoch Blanchard 2d, tioner, a successful financier, a man of in- Mellen Chamberlain, William Chamberlain, tegrity, energy and firmness of character. George Mattocks, Moses Hall, William Var- Willard Bradlee, Wil- He died suddenly of apoplexy, Sept. 4, 1851, num, Thayer, William aged 70 years. liam W. Moore, Ephraim Elkins, Lyman S Watts. Total, 35. Hon. Thaddeus Stevens. Public Life and Character or Governor He fitted for college in our Grammar Mattocks. School, and graduated at Dartmouth College, BT REV. T. GOODWILLIE OF BARNET. A. D. 1815 ; for a time pursued the study of law in the ofiice of John Mattocks, Esq., of Editor of the Vermont Hist. Magazine You write to obtain information of the this town ; and this town, more than any other place, was his early home. Here lived public life and character of Gov. Mattocks, the family, and the graves of his parents from one who was acquainted with him. It are among us. From Peacham he went to is true I was long acquainted with him, but Gettysburg, Pa., thence to Lancaster, Pa. not intimately, till the last years of his life. He is at this time a member of congress I send you the following sketch drawn from (1861), and for several preceding sessions personal knowledge and other sources has served his country in that position. He Hon. John Mattocks was born at Hartford, has just been reelected by a large majority Conn., March 4, 1777. His father, who was to the next congress. treasurer of the state of Vermont from 1785 to 1801, came with his family about the year Hon. John C. Blanchard, 1778 or 1779, and settled in Tinmouth, Kut- Was born in Peacham, 1787, and graduated land county, Vt. His youngest son became at Dartmouth in 1812. After graduating the fourteenth governor of Vermont. Hav- he taught in York, Pa., two years, reading ing been admitted to practice law before he ofiice in law at the same time. He then went into was 21 years of age, he opened an practice at Bellefont, Pa. Was elected to Danville, Caledonia county, and commenced congress in 1844, and took his seat in 1845. the practice of his profession in 1797, but He died in 1849 at Lancaster, Pa., while the next year removed to Peacham in the on his way home from Washington. same county, where he resided till his death. In a few years he became a celebrated law- Mellen and William Chamberlain, yer, and ultimately a very popular man, be- ing elected to every ofiice for which he was Sons of Hon. William Chamberlain. Mellen, a candidate. He was one of the great men of born June 17, 1795, graduated at Dartmouth Caledonia county, indeed he was one of the in 1816 ; was in the practice of law some eminent men of the state of Vermont. He years in the state of Maine, and while mak- practised law about 50 years, the most of ing the tour of Europe, drowned in the river the time in the courts of four counties. He Danube, May 14, 1840. His grave is on the has often been engaged in every jury trial banks of the Danube, province of Servia, at a whole session at the county court, and empire of Austria. won every case. He represented Peacham William, born May 24, 1797; graduated in the legislature of Vermont in 1807, and at Dartmouth in 1818; in 1820 was elected again in 1815 and 1816, and also in 1828 and professor of languages in his alma mater, and 1824 ; and was a member of the constitu- so continued till his death, July 11, 1830. tional convention of 1835, when the measure The following inhabitants of Peacham are for a state senate was adopted, and which graduates of college he advocated. During the last war with Clergymen. —Samuel A. Worcester, Evarts Great Britain he was brigadier-general of Worcester, John H. Worcester, David Merrill, militia in this part of the state. He was Horace Herrick, Ephraim W. Clark, John judge of the supreme court of the state in Mattocks, William Walker, Elnathan Strong. 1883 and 1834, but declined a reelection on 368 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. account of domestic afflictions. He was a manner he talked the whole matter over with representative in congress from Vermont in them and he talked his side of the case into them. 1821-1828, 1825-1827, and 1841-1843, and In a manner really ingenious and artful, but was governor of Vermont in 1843-4. It is apparently frank, fair, and artless, he con- the opinion of good judges that in many re- vinced them that his client was in the right spects he resembled the celebrated lawyer, and ought to gain the case. He seized upon Jeremiah Mason of New Hampshire. the strong points of his case with consummate He did not receive a liberal education, but skill and ability and urged his natural and was a self-educated man. " My brother," simple logic with such power and perspicuity said he, "rode through college to the law, that any man of common sense could easily but I came up afoot." He possessed in an comprehend the case. He excelled also in uncommon degree "the sanguine tempera- making the most out of a series of circum- ment," as physiologists call it, being dis- stances, not always harmonious, and was long tinctly characterized by vigor, vivacity and celebrated for his skill and tact in managing activity of mind, a ready and retentive me- criminal cases. His knowledge of hum^n na- mory, lively feelings and a humorous disposi- ture, which was deep and extensive, he suc- tion. Indeed so strong and active were his cessfully employed in his profession. As a mind and memory, that a book which a good book lawyer he was not so remarkable, for lawyer would take a number of days to although he had such an acquaintance with master thoroughly for practical purposes, he the books as readily to find what he wanted, could devour and digest in a day, storing yet his mind was too active and impulsive to its contents away in his capacious memory plod patiently among authorities. So acute ready for future use. His wonderful talent and rapid were his mental operations that he of appropriating the contents of books ena- grasped a knotty point instantly, as if by in- bled him, though altogether a practical man, tuition, and solved the legal problem in some to obtain a tolerable knowledge of standSh-d quick mysterious manner quite incomprehen- English, and the current literature of the sible to ordinary minds. As a judge he was day, as well as a considerable acquaintance cautious and upright, desiring to do justice to with history. His style, as may be seen in all. His reported dissenting opinion given in his reported judicial opinions, was direct the Supreme Court with respect to the Christ- and forcible, using few words to convey his ian sabbath agrees with the word of God and thoughts. His concentration of mind and the laws of the state. His views on this im- power of analysis and illustration were so portant subject were sound and Christian. great that he had an admirable faculty of He had warm sympathies for his fellow-men, presenting facts and points in a clear and and could not have been an oppressor, a per- convincing manner, and his address had a secutor, or an inquisitor, had he lived in the peculiar aptitude to the case under consi- dark ages when oppression and superstition deration. prevailed. Ever ready to relieve the poor, In stature he was about 5 feet 10 inches his charities were like numerous rivulets high, with a large robust frame inclined to which water a wide space. When a member corpulency, but with a very healthy appear- of congress and governor of the state he took decided stand against human ance. Active, energetic, industrious and an early and speech he made in congress prompt, he did much work, which was well bondage. In a presented a petition for the abolition done and done in due season. He had a when he the District of Columbia, he superior way of examining witnesses, but his of slavery in ^^ present this petition because I believe great and universally acknowledged power said, I in soul, that the prayer thereof ought to be as a lawyer was advocacy before a jury. Here my so as to free this land of liberty from he stood unrivaled among great lawyers. granted, and damning sin slavery in this His success was almost certain, especially the national of District Columbia." when he had the closing argument. His our own bailiwick, the of his con- power as an advocate was not owing to his As he was intelligent and social, eloquence as an orator. It did not consist versation was interesting and instructive. to be a in long and loud speaking. He had not a He was universally acknowledged copious flow of fine words "like flaxseed keen and ready wit. The lightning-like ope- running out of a bag " to use one of his own rations of his mind and his prompt memory, comparisons with respect to flowery pleading always gave him ready command of all his and preaching. He employed no rhetorical resources, which were numerous and diver- of flourishes or fanciful sketches to fascinate sified. His wit consisted in combinations subject and the jury. But in a familiar and colloquial these materials adapted to the PEACHAM. 369 occasion. His witty sayings were sometimes sanctity of the sabbath. Having produced very pungent, but in general they were harm- his testimony, he freely admitted that he less pleasantries. His fund of anecdotes was went home from court on the sabbath, but in inexhaustible, and both in public and pri- his defence he said, " The court at Guildhall vate, he illustrated the subject with pertinent sat so late on Saturday I had not time to go anecdotes well told in few words. His con- home that evening. The next morning I versation was sprightly, and he enjoyed a found that there was no public worship in hearty laugh. He was fond of joking, even the town of W., where I lodged on Saturday with strangers. One evening at the place of night. It being my custom to attend church his residence, he heard an agent of the Co- on sabbath, I came to Barnet to worship lonization Society represent its claims in a with the Presbyterians whom I know to be manner so forcible that he thought him a sound in the faith and right in practice, and good beggar in a good cause. The next morn- to hear their intelligent and pious pastor ing the agent called upon the governor and preach. But I was disappointed, for when I in a general conversation, asked him "what came to their church door I found that their is the chief business in this place at pre- worthy minister was officiating out of town sent ?" ^^ Begging, ^^ quickly replied the go- that day. I was then half way home, and vernor, " is now the chief business," at the instead of returning to the place whence I same time slily slipping some gold into the came that morning, I went home, knowing agent's hand, for which he thanked him. my residence was in a better place than the "Not at all," said the governor, "/ thank wicked town of W. where there is no church, you, sir." "Why thank me?" asked the no clergyman, no public worship, no sabbath agent. " Because," answered the governor, and no religion." The court having heard his "you let me off so easy." In a tight pinch he witnesses and defence, immediately with- was very adroit in devising ingenious and drew the action and discharged him from prompt expedients for effectual deliverance arrest. He then generously entertained the from difficulty. He wrote such a hasty and court and company at his own expense. imperfect hand, that sometimes he could not About the time he became governor of the read it himself, but which, his brother, a state, I was sent to him by the board of lawyer in the country, could decipher. trustees of Caledonia County Academy to Going to trial before the County Court on procure from him a piece of his land to com- one occasion he had such difficulty to read plete the site for the new academy. When the writ, though written with his own hand, shown what was wanted, he instantly gave that the judge questioned the correctness of it as a donation to the academy, although the his reading, when he instantly gave it to his land was a part of his mansion garden. brother, saying, "You are college learned, After returning to his house, we engaged for read that writ." At one time when return- some time in relating anecdotes, respecting ing from the court at Guildhall, he lodged on the folly and wickedness of dueling, as a Saturday night in the town of W., then a member of congress had been lately mur- new settlement, where they had no public wor- dered in a duel. About to depart I related ship. The next day he went home through an anecdote, which convulsed the governor Barnet, intending to worship with the Pres- with laughter. I bid him farewell and left byterians in that town (whose religious prin- him still laughing heartily, but the next time ciples and practices he esteemed so highly I saw him, which was not long afterwards, as to refer to them with approbation in a re- oh how sadly changed ! The shocking death ported opinion he gave from the bench of of his youngest son, a college graduate, then the Supreme Court), and to hear their vene- at home, produced lamentable effects upon rable minister. Rev. David Goodwillie, whom his mind and body, which lasted as long as he held in high estimation, preach. The he lived, although he recovered from them in next morning the sheriff from Barnet arrested a good degree. But there is reason to believe him at his residence in Peacham and took that a gracious Providence overruled this him to Barnet, to be tried upon a charge of heart-rending event for his spiritual interest violating the law of the state by traveling and eternal welfare. At the grave of the on the sabbath in prosecution of his secular 'deceased, he said to the multitude that at- affairs. Arraigned before a sage Scotch tended the funeral, "With the mangled body Presbyterian justice, he called for a jury, and of my son, I bury my ambition and love of by exercising his right of challenge, he got the world, and God grant that they may a number of Presbyterians on the jury, never revive." Regretting the errors and knowing they were strict observers of the delinquencies of his past life, he settled his ; ; 370 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. worldly affairs, made his last will and testa- but death had placed his seal upon him. He ment, declined a re-election to the office of died at Indianapolis, Ind., Nov. 10, 1856. governor of the state, and joined the Con- To a stranger, this is but a short and gregational Church of Peacham, of which common-place story ; to those who knew he continued a member till death. His creed Mr. Pearson, a brief outline of an earnest, was Calvinistic, embracing the great doc- well-spent life. trines of the gospel. He always preferred As " the boy is father of the man," so such sermons as were deeply doctrinal there early appeared in the subject of this and practical. Through life he refrain- sketch those traits of character which enno- ed from secular affairs on the sabbath, bled maturer years. Orderly, conscientious, and it was his constant practice to attend truthful, eminently persevering, obtaining a church on that holy day. He was never rude ready mastery of the rudiments of know- nor insolent, but courteous to all. He was ledge, and exhibiting withal a marked predi- particularly spoken of, and is gratefully re- lection for the gathering up and classification membered by many, for the assistance and of facts, he became early distinguished as a encouragement he almost uniformly gave to reliable, intelligent boy, and in later years young men, and markedly so to those of his as the devoted son and brother, the faithful own profession. He always acted in an friend, the trusted pupil, the indefatigable honorable manner towards his fellow law- teacher, the upright citizen, and the consis- yers and judges, and his clients were his firm tent Christian. As a Christian, he was always friends. His great success as a lawyer, in his place. His seat in the prayer-meeting though his charges not were exorbitant, laid was seldom vacant, nor his voice silent there the foundation of an ample fortune. Be- as a sabbath school teacher and superin- sides the donations bestowed on his children tendent, it is believed he accomplished much after he gave them a liberal education, his good. property at death was valued at $80,000. Although gifted with unusual conversa- He died August 14, 1847, aged 70 years. tional powers, having rare fluency of utter- His funeral was attended by a great concourse ance, an inexhaustible fund of anecdote, and of people from different and distant parts. a keen perception of the ludicrous, he rarely, Three sons survived him—one of whom be- if ever, indulged in unseemly mirth, or uttered came a clergyman, another a physician, and a word inconsistent with his profession as a a third a lawyer. Christian. In religion, as in every thing else, he was in earnest, doing with his might Thomas Scott Peabson, whatsoever his hand found to do. His early by mrs. l. h. kendall. fondness for collecting facts, alluded to, Son of Rev. Ora and M. K. Pearson, was strengthened with his years. He was always born at Kingston, N. H., Sept. 14, 1828. His on the alert for items of value, for all which religious birth dates about the age of seven- he had a place and a use. While maintain- teen. He entered Middlebury College in ing a high rank as a scholar, and defraying 1847, and was graduated in 1851 ; for the most of his college expenses by teaching, he year subsequent was principal of Addison made this remarkable talent effective in the County Grammar School, at Middlebury, and preparation of several important works, viz., librarian of the College. the triennial catalogues of Middlebury Col- In 1852, he became principal of Caledonia lege, which he greatly improved ; an elabo- County Grammar School, Peacham, which rate catalogue of the college library ; the position he filled with great acceptance biographical catalogue of the graduates of until compelled by ill health to resign in Middlebury College, believed to be the most the spring of 1855. The summer of 1855 was thorough and complete work of the kind passed under medical care, and in traveling ever published in this country; obituary for his health ; the autumn and winter of the notices of deceased members of the alumni same year, in part, in completing a catalogue the literary remains and memoir of Rev. of the library of Middlebury College. In David Merrill. And in addition to these, a the spring of 1856, he became connected, as large amount of unpublished material, which, teacher, with Kimball Union Academy, at had he lived, might have been wrought into Meriden, N. H. ; a post, however, he was works of value. The remarkable manner in soon obliged, in consequence of increasing which all this was accomplished, clearly in- feebleness, to relinquish. In August, he left dicated the work for which he was peculiarly his home in Peacham to try the effect of the adapted. His talent was becoming widely western climate upon his still failing health known and appreciated. He was elected a! PEACHAM. 371 resident member of the N. E. Historic-Gene- EXTRACTS FROM A LETTER OF REV. alogical Society, and his death was noticed by this and several- other societies. MR. WORCESTER, But there was another, a moral trait, as Requesting Mr. Merrill to prepare a Sermon to beautiful as rare, deserving of especial men- be Preached on the occasion of his Death. tion; it was filial piety. Loss of eyesight St. Johnsbury, Jan. 1844. and impaired health had rendered his father 3, unable to labor for the support of the family It has long seemed to me that, in obituary as in former years, and so this noble son notices of Christians and Christian ministers, assumed and fully met the heavy responsi- in funeral sermons and in Christian biogra- bility. phies, there is, much too commonly, some- Reluctant to lose even a day, he had thing like high wrought panegyric — some- resumed his duties as teacher, after an thing which approaches very near, and some- attack of illness, before health had become times quite reaches to gross adulation — to fully established. Reduced as he was previ- me, things of this nature are always un- ously by unremitting toil, it was too much pleasant — I had almost said disgusting. In relation to myself, I am sure any thing of for him ; and his system gave way and con- sumption began its insidious work. While this sort would be utterly out of place ; and that, it was evident he was gradually loosening it is my earnest desire by every one his hold on earthly things, still there was so who may have occasion to say anything con- much work to be done, he would make one cerning me, after my decease, it may be effort more for health and life. Counseled most carefully avoided. Living and dying, by physicians, he decided to try the west. my prayer must be, "God be merciful to me He arranges his study,* sacred to him by a sinner." And though I would not dictate many hallowed associations, gives a parting as to the text for a sermon at my funeral, I glance at his varied treasures gathered there. do not think of one better adapted to the One more prayer and he turns the key upon occasion than this prayer of the publican, or the place dearest to him on earth. With a the declaration of Paul to Timothy, which full heart but chastened spirit, and a calm, has been a favorite text in my preaching, manly bearing, he gives to each member of "It is a faithful saying and worthy of all the household a tender, affectionate farewell acceptation that Jesus Christ came into the and goes forth from his home forever. A few world to save sinners." I think that neither weeks of weary, fruitless wandering among of these texts could legitimately suggest any strangers, were terminated by distressing inflated eulogy in speaking of a poor un- sickness and death. It was a mysterious worthy sinner. providence that led him from home only to A word or two now in relation to my de- suffer and to die, away from the affectionate sire that my remains may be laid in the ministrations of his kindred. This it was, grave in Peacham. When I was sick at doubtless, that in his delirium caused him Littleton, a respected and beloved brother to utter in vain the bitter cry, " My mother of our church made me a visit ; and having take me to my mother!" It was, perhaps, understood that I had expressed such a de- the last needful refining process with which sire, in allusion to it, remarked that he had God often visits his children, just before he felt that it would be of no consequence takes them to himself. where he should be buried ; intending I sup- Neighbors and friends in Peacham, to pose to intimate that he thought my desire whom he had become greatly endeared, to be, to say the least, a childish one. His rested not until his remains were brought remark however, produced no change in my from their grave in the distant prairie to feelings. And when I find in my Bible, that rest on the sunny slope of one of their own good old Jacob exacted an oath of his son green hills. The marble that marks the Joseph, that he would bury him in the cave spot bears the fitting sentence, "Not sloth- of Machpelah with his venerable grand- ful in business ; fervent in spirit ; serving parents and parents, and one of his deceased the Lord." wives, which was done at no little expense; himself also * This room is kept as he left it—large accumulations and that Joseph exacted an of newspaper files, hooks, manuscripts, ns his own hands oath of the children of Israel, that they arranged, In collating Addison county for the Gazetteer, should take his bones with them when they his biographical catalogue of the college had been afavorite text book. We stood as in our dead master's room— should return to Canaan, that they might be well-fiiled, antiquarian treasure-room large, — during a buried in the land of promise, I can not but day spent with this interesting family, in the summer of 1860.-SZ. hope it need not be thought either unrea- : — : 372 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. under all the cir- sonable, or very strange, EXTRACTS FROM THE OX SERMON. cumstances of the case, that I should desire BY REV. DAVID MERRILL. that my poor remains may be interred in Among the laws given by the Divine Peacham, in preference to any other place. Law- giver through Moses to the Jews, was the There for almost forty years of my life I following: found a pleasant home, and in my poor way "If an ox gore a man or a wo- performed the duties of the ministry, en- man that they die, then the ox shall be deavoring "to testify the gospel of the grace stoned — but the owner shall be quit. But if the were to of God." There, too, I was made the hum- ox wont push with his horn in time it ble instrument of gathering a goodly num- past, and hath been testified to his ber into the visible fold of the Good Shep- owner, and he hath not kept him in, but he hath killed a or a the herd, no small proportion of whom, I man woman, ox shall be stoned, his humbly trust, will be found among those and owner also shall be put to death." Exodus, on his right hand, in the day of his appear- xxi, 28, 29. The principle of this is ing. There is the grave of the beloved wife law a very plain of my youth, the mother of my numerous one — and a very broad one — here applied in a specific family of children, and the graves of more case, but extending to ten thou- sand others. It than half these dear children themselves. is this. Every man is re- sponsible to for the evils Yes, and there too no small number of the God which result from his selfishness, or his indifference members of that beloved church and society, to the welfare of others. * * * * to whom I ministered the gospel of the Son The principle of ^his is a principle of God so long, have been gathered into the law of * * * congregation of the dead; and there, no common sense. Every man is re- sponsible for evils which result from his doubt, many more of them, and you my own selfishness or indifference to the lives of men. dear brother, it may be, among them, will other words, to make a responsible yet be gathered together into that same con- In man for results, it is not necessary to prove that gregation. There too, I freely own, if the he has malice, or that he intended the re- Lord will, I would that my poor remains may sults. The highwayman had no malice rest with them until "the voice of the Arch- against him he robs and murders, nor does angel, and the trump of God" shall call us he desire his death, but his money, and if all from thence. And 0, that we may all, he can get the money he does not care. together And he robs and murders because he loves him- " Then burst the chains in sweet surprise, self and does not care for others ; acting in And in our Saviour's image rise," a different way, but on the same selfish prin- to forever with the and go away be Lord. ciple with the owner of the ox, and on the very same principle is he held responsible. I add one item more. It seems to me a In the trial of the owner of the ox, the somewhat remarkable fact that, although only questions to be asked were these two thirty ministers have been ordained or in- Was the ox wont to push with his horn in stalled pastors of churches in Caledonia time past? Did the owner know it when county, only seven of whom, including my- he let him loose? If both these questions self, now retain that relation, and four of were answered in the affirmative, the owner whom certainly, and others not improbably, was responsible for all the consequences. have deceased, yet no one of them has ever This is a rule which God himself has esta- died, or found his grave among the people blished. of his charge here. One only (Brother I. Is Intoxicating Liquor wont to produce Wright) has deceased, sustaining his pas- misery, and wretchedness, and death? Has toral relation ; and he died and was buried, this been testified to those who make and not among the people of his charge, in deal in it as a beverage ? If these two Hardwick, but among his former charge in things can be established, the inference is Montpelier village — my son Evarts is the inevitable — they are responsible on a prin- only minister of our order who has yet ciple perfectly intelligible, a principle recog- found his grave in this county. nised and proclaimed, and acted upon by Your very affectionate brother God himself. In the bonds of the gospel, Turn then your attention to these two Leonard Woecester. facts Rev. David Merrill. 1. Intoxicating liquor is wont to produce misery. PEACHAM. 373 2. Those who make or traffic in it know bring household furniture — those who have this. * * * -K- * * * nothing bring themselves and pay in labor. The greatest Avretchedness which human Now the maker knows all these men, and nature in the world is called to endure, is knows their temperament, and probably connected with the use of inebriating drink. knows their families. He can calculate ef- There is nothing else that degrades and de- fects, and he sends them off, one to die by bases man like it — nothing so mean that a the way, another to abuse his family, and drunkard will not stoop to it — nothing too another just ready for any deed .of wicked- base for him to do to obtain his favorite ness. Will he say that he is not responsi- drink. Nothing else so sinks the whole ble, and like Cain ask, "Am I my brother's man — so completely destroys, not only all keeper?" The ox was wont to push with moral principle, but all self-respect, all re- his horn, and he knew it ; and for a little gard to character, all shame, all human paltry gain he let him loose, and God will feeling. The drunkard can break out from support his law by holding him responsible every kind of endearing connection and for the consequences. break over every kind of restraint ; so com- But a common excuse is, that "very little pletely extinct is human feeling, that he can of our manufacture is used in the neighbor- be drunk at the funeral of his dearest re- hood : we send it off." And are its effects lative, and call for drink in the last accents any less deadly ? In this way you avoid of expiring nature. seeing the effects, and poison strangers in- Now look at a human being, whom God stead of neighbors. What would you say to has made for noble purposes and endowed a man who traded in clothes infected with with noble faculties, degraded, disgraced, the small-pox or cholera, and who would say polluted, unfit foi- heaven, and a nuisance by way of apology, that he sent them off, he earth. is the centre of circle — on He a did not sell any in the neighborhood ? Good count up his influence in his family and his man ! he is willing to send disease and death neighborhood — the wretchedness he endures, all abroad ! but he is too kind hearted to ex- and the wretchedness he causes — count up pose his neighbors. Would you not say to tears the of a wretched wife who curses the him, you may send them off, but you can of her espousals, day and of wretched child- not send off the responsibility ? The eye of ren who curse the day of their birth. To God goes with them, and all the misery all this positive evil which intoxicating which they cause will be charged to you. liquor has caused, add the happiness which So we say to the man who sends off his but for it this family might have enjoyed intoxicating liquor. and communicated. Go through a neighbor- " But if I do not make it and traffic in it, hood or a town in this way, count up all the somebody else will." What sin or crime misery which follows in the train of intoxi- can not be excused in this way ? I know of cating liquor, and you will be ready to ask, a plot to rob my neighbor ; if I do not can the regions of eternal death send forth plunder him somebody else will. Is it a any thing more deadly ? Wherever he goes privilege to bear the responsibility of send- the same cry may be heard — lamentation, ing abroad pestilence and misery and death ? and mourning, and wo ; and whatever things "Our cause is going down," said Judas, are pure, or lovely, or venerable, or of good " and a price is set upon the head of our report, fall before it. These are its effects. Master, and if I do not betray him somebody Can any man deny that "the ox is wont to else will. And why may not I as well pocket push with his horn?" the money as another ?" * * * * Says another, "I wish it were banished II. Has this been testified to the owner? or from the earth. But then what can I do ?" are the makers and venders aware of its What can you do ? You can keep one man effects ? The effects are manifest, and they clear you can wash your hands of this ; have eyes, ears and understandings as well wretched business. And if you are not as others. ****** willing to do that, very little reliance can be Look at the neighborhood of a distillery — placed on your good wishes. The days of an influence goes forth from that spot which ignorance on this* subject have passed by; reaches miles around — a kind of constrain- every man acts with his eyes open. ing influence that brings in the poor, and Look at the shop and company of the re- wretched, and thirsty, and vicious. Those tailer. There he stands in the midst of dis- who have money bring it — those who have sipation, surrounded by the most degraded none bi-ing corn — those who have neither and filthy of human beings, in the last 46 ! ; ; ; ; ! ; 374 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. stages of earthly wretchedness. His busi- When forests crowned these verdant hills, ness is to kindle strife, to encourage pro- Full fifty years ago. fanity, to excite every evil passion, to de- And ringing through these fertile vales stroy all salutary fears, to remove every re- Was heard the axman's blow straint, and to produce a recklessness that When Peace and Thrift came hand in hand regards neither God nor man. And how These woodland wilds among, often in the providence of God is he given Above the settler's humble cot over to drink his own poison, and to become A modest Temple sprung. the most wretched of this wretched com- In Faith our fathers reared the shrine pany. Who can behold an instance of this To Truth and Knowledge given, kind without feeling that God is just. "He And lifted high a beacon-light sunk down into the pit which he made, in To guide the soul to Heaven the net which he hid is his own foot taken." That light, though kindled long ago. Another will say, "I neither make nor Is burning brightly still traffic in it." But you drink it occasionally. Its rays are now in beauty shed As far as your influence supports it and O'er valley, plain, and hill. gives it currency, so far are you a partaker of its evil deeds. If you lend your influence The Fount of Knowledge opened here. to make the path of ruin respectable, or will From purest source supplied, not help to affix disgrace to that path, God Hath sent afar its healing streams. will not hold you guiltless. You can not And showered its blessings wide ; innocently stand aside and do nothing. The dusky Indian of the West A deadly poison is circulating over the Hath felt his soul reclaimed, land. Its victims are of every class ; and And e'en to heathen isles its sons however wide the difference in fortune, edu- The Gospel have proclaimed. <: cation, intellect, it brings them to the same In honored places of the land dead level. An effort has been made to stay Its sons have served their age, the plague, and a success surpassing all ex- And won for it a noble name pectation has crowned the effort. Still the On History's glowing page plague rages to an immense extent. What In Pulpit, Court, and Council Hall, will every good citizen do ? Will he not Their words of Truth are heaxd, clear his house, his shop, his premises of it ? And through the Press their clarion voice Will he not take every precaution to defend The Nation's heart hath stirred. himself against it, and use his influence and his exertions to diminish its circulation and On this dear spot, in youth's fair morn. thus diminish human misery ? If he fears While yet our hopes were bright. God or regards man, can he stop short at Wise Teachers sought to guide our feet this ? "I speak as unto wise men : judge ye In paths of love and light what I say." And now we come in manhood's honr To pour our grateful song. ANNIVERSARY ODE, And offer up our fervent prayer Where holiest memories throng. Sung at the Semi- Centennial Celebration of the Incorporation of the Caledonia County Gram- The Father, leaning on his staff, mar School, at Peacham, July 1, 1846. This day renews his joy. BT OLIVEK JOHNSON, And in the mother's listening ear Talks proudly of her boy ; Who was born in Peacham in 1809, and The Widow's broken heart revives served an apprenticeship in the office of the ' To see her §on return. Montpelicr Watchman. He was one of the And Friendship's fires, once more renewed, twelve who formed Jan. 1, 1832, the present With holy fervor burn. Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, and from that day has been prominently indenti- Father ! in this joyful hour fied with the anti-sla,very cause ; aiding it as Our thanks to Thee we bring. lecturer, and editing several of its leading And with united heart and voice papers in the country. He was associated Thy glorious praises sing Garrison in the Liberator, three years Thy love is — with ; boundless as the sea an associate editor of the New York Tribune, Thy mercy ever sure — four years, 1853 (1858) ; has edited the Anti- may the shrine our Fathers reared Slavery Standard, New York. To latest time endure ! ! RTEGATE. 375 May Education's holy light divided. The south half fell to the Scotch Extend on every hand, American Company. This was considered Till War's foul blot, and Slavery's curse preferable to the north half for reasons given Be banished from the land ! by Gen. Whitelaw. And may Freedom's sacred fires "The south," he says in his journal, "has On every altar flame, the advantage of the north in many respects. And Temperance, Righteousness and Peace " 1. It is the best land in general. Exalt our Nation's fame "2. It is nearest to provisions which we have in plenty within three or four miles, and likewise within six miles of a grist mill, and two miles of a saw mill, all which are great RYEGATE. advantages to a new settlement. BY REV. JAMES M. BEATTIE. " 3. We have several brooks with good The town of Ryegate v^as chartered by New seats for mills, and likewise Wells river runs Hampshire, to Rev. John Witherspoon, D. D., through part of our purchase, and has water for grist mill at Sept. 8, 1763. In the winter of 1773, a com- enough a the driest season of pany was formed by a number of farmers, the year, of which the north part is almost in the vicinity of Glasgow, Scotland, for the entirely destitute. " purpose of purchasing a tract of land for We are within six miles of a good Pres- settlement in North America. This company byterian'Meeting ; and there is no other mi- was called the Scotch-American Company nister about that place." of Farmers. In March of the same year, The last reason is particularly worthy of David Allen and James Whitelaw, were notice. These sons of Scotia in seeking out commissioned by the company to carry out a home for themselves and others in the new their purpose. Accordingly, on the 25th of world, were influenced in their choice not March, they sailed from Greenock, and reach- merely by the fertility of the soil, and other ed Philadelphia, May 24. On their arrival, natural advantages ; but by considerations of they providentially met with Dr. Wither- a religious character. Noble example spoon, who was then president of New Jersey Worthy the imitation of all immigrants from College, Princeton. He informed them the old world. that he had a township of land called Rye- When they came to Ryegate, they found gate, in the province of New York on the JohnHyndman, one of their own countrymen, Connecticut river, containing about 23,000 who had with his family moved into town a acres, which, .if they could not suit them- few months before. He was engaged in selves elsewhere, he would be glad to sell building a house. "So," says the journal, to them, professing at the same time, to take " we helped him up Avith it both for the con- a deep interest in the success of their enter- veniences of lodging with him till we built prise. After spending five months in explor- one of our own, and also that he might assist ing the country, north and south, they re- us in building ours." turned to Dr. Witherspoon, then in Princeton, These houses, built of logs and covered N. J., and bargained with him for one half with bark, were finished about the 1st of of the town of Ryegate. On coming to New January, 1774. John Hyndman's house York, they met with James Henderson, a car- stood a little northeast of the present house penter, and one of their shipmates, who had of' John Bigelow. James Whitelaw's was been sent to assist them in their undertaking. situated near where William T. Whitelaw's Leaving Mr. Henderson to come in a sloop by house now stands. way of Hartford, with their chests, tools, Aaron Hosmer and family were the only and other necessary articles, they left New persons, and the shanty in which they lived York, on the 19th of October, and arrived in about one mile north of Samuel More's, was Newbury, Vt., November 1, where they were the only house in town previous to this hospitably entertained by Jacob Bailey, Esq., time. to whom they had a letter of introduction from The remainder of the winter was spent in John Church, Esq., who was connected with making an opening in the wilderness ; the Dr. Witherspoon in the proprietorship of whole of the town being covered with trees of Ryegate. One week after their arrival, various kinds, among which were beech, James Henderson appeared in a canoe maple, hemlock, spruce, birch and pines. freighted with the chests and tools aforesaid. James Henderson was employed part of the On the 10th of November, Mr. Church came time in manufacturing wooden bowls, dishes, to Newbury. The town of Ryegate was then and other articles for domestic use. James 376 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. "Wliitelaw went to Portsmouth and Newbury- son, Robert Tweedale and family, and An- port for a sleigh load of such necessaries as drew and James Smith. they needed. In the month of April they About this time, it was found necessary to made 60 pounds of maple sugar — a business erect a house to accommodate the immigrants that has been followed up in the town ever on their arrival, until they could build houses since, large quantities being manufactured of their own. annually, both for domestic and foreign use. On the 22d of October, Andrew Smith de- In May, James Whitelaw commenced the parted this life. This was the first death survey of the company's half of the town. that occurred. About a mile south from the On the 23d of May, David Ferry, Alexan- Corner, a lot was selected for a burying der Lynn and family, Andrew and Robert ground, and here he was interred. The re- Brock, John and Robert Orr, John Willson, mains of a number of others of the early John Gray, John Shaw, and Hugh Semple, settlers lie in the same place. is it came over from Scotland ; and in July when And not highly discreditable to the the survey was completed, drew their lots, town that that sacred spot — sacred by con- and commenced a permanent settlement. taining all that is mortal of men, whose These were among the first settlers. They memory, on account of their toils and perils were men of sterling worth. And some of in exploring and subduing our forests, ought their descendants are among the most re- to be dear to us all—should be unmarked by spectable at the present time. any monument. As the trees and bushes In the survey of the southern portion of have been recently cleared off, why not pro- Ryegate, a lot extending from the parsonage ceed a step further, in honoring the memory to the foot of the hill below John 0. Page's, of our worthy ancestors, by erecting upon was laid out for a town. This was divided the place of their interment, a monument into small lots. Each purchaser of a lot in with an appropriate inscription ? any other part of the township received a In January, 1775, Gen. Whitelaw purchased town lot. It was the expectation that a large a lot of land of Newbury, on the north side town or city would, in the course of time, of that part of Wells river which contains grow up in that place. But time has rolled the great falls, with the privilege of one half on, and the city is still unbuilt. Like many the river, for the purpose of erecting mills cities in the West, it is but a city of faith. thereon. Accordingly, James Henderson Whenever the early settlers had occasion to commenced to prepare materials, and in refer to that part of the township, they October of the " same year, a grist mill was called it the town, although the only building finished, and put in operation. In this same upon it was a small log house. The hill at month, the frame of a saw mill was erected, John 0. Page's is still called the town hill. but not completed until July, 1776. These The company's half of the town, having mills although in Newbury, were only two been surveyed and allotted, David Allen, and a half miles from the centre of Rye- James Whitelaw's associate, left for Scot- gate. They stood where Bolton's Mills now land. It was an affecting occasion. All the stand. inhabitants accompanied him to Col. Bailey's In April, 1775, the settlement was enlarged in Newbury, where they took farewell of by the arrival of Archibald Taylor and him. James Henderson was unwilling to family in February, and John Scot in April. part from him even then, but journeyed with About this time the war of the Revolution him all the way to Newburyport, before he commenced, and, in consequence, few addi- took his leave. These early settlers, far tions were made to the settlement for a num- from their native land, and exposed to danger, ber of years. After peace was concluded, both from the Indians and wild beasts, were the spirit of emigration revived, and the bound together by strong ties. It is no town received many valuable accessions from wonder therefore, that they were so loth to Scotland. As a general rule, the Scotch, es- part with one of their number, and especially pecially those of the Presbyterian faith, as that one had been a leader among them. with their habits of industry and economy, Soon after the survey of the south half, the their knowledge of the scriptures, their north half was surveyed and allotted. regard for the sabbath, and the institutions In 1774, the settlement realized another of religion, are a blessing to any community accession from Scotland, John Waddle, James where their lots may be cast. Neilson, Thomas McKeach, Patrick Lang and The town was organized on the third Tues- family, William NeilsOn and family, and day of May, 1776. James Whitelaw, first and family, David Reed Robert Gemmil and town clerk ; assessors, John Gray and James : ; RYEGATE. 377 ; all in days returned to Whitelaw ; treasurer, Andrew Brock over- consequently a few seers of highways, Robert Tweedale and John their own habitations. Orr; overseers of the poor, Patrick Lang Beasts of prey proved a greater annoyance and John Shaw ; collector, John Scot ; con- than the Indians. The latter, by kind and stables, Archibald Taj'^lqr, James Smith, hospitable treatment became the friends of William Neilson and David Reid. the settlers, but the wolves and bears which The high estimation in which these persons were very numerous, were not so easy to were held, is evinced by the fact that at the subdue. For some time, John Henderson was expiration of the year for which they were the only person that owned a cow. One chosen, they were by a vote of the town, evening the cow not returning home as usual, continued in of&ce for another year. In this Mrs. Henderson, her husband being absent, year James Taylor was born, the first male went in search of the cow. Soon after Mr. child born in town. He died at the age of 64 Henderson came in, and missing his wife, years. a,sked the children where their mother was ? In common with the other early settle- They replied, "Mother has gone for the cow." ments, the people of Ryegate were subjected It then being dark, it at once occurred to to great hardships and privations, a minute him that she was lost. With. a pine torch in account of which would fill volumes. Take one hand, and a gun in the other, he sallied the following as a specimen forth to find her. He fired off his gun, but In the summer of 1776, a year so memora- no reply being given, he proceeded further ble in the history of the United States, a into the woods, and discharged his gun the message was received that St. Johns was second time. She answered. Following the retaken by the British, and that the Indians, direction of her voice, he found her lodged who were a terror to all the early settlers, in a tree, where she had taken refuge from would be sent to lay waste the country. Avild beasts. At another time, George Rey- They were greatly alarmed, and at their wits' nolds, on his way to pay a visit to one of his end to know what to do. After some con- neighbors, encountered, as he supposed, a sultation, they concluded the only course very fierce dog. After a sharp contest with was to remove to some place of greater the animal, he succeeded in putting it to safety. Accordingly with what of their flight ; left however, in anything but a good effects, they could carry in their flight, humor, on arriving at his neighbor's, he gave they left for Newbury, where a fort had been the good woman of the house, a severe repri- erected, and soldiers stationed, both to pro- mand for keeping such a cross dog, and on tect the settlers from the Indians and Tories examination it was found to be a wolf. in the surrounding country, and to check the One day in the summer of 1778, Mrs. John incursions of the Indians and British from Gray saw a bear carrying off a sheep. With Canada. Before leaving, William Neilson a courage with which probably few ladies in filled a large Scotch chest with sundry arti- this age are endowed, she followed the cles, and buried it, and then to prevent the bear by his trail, till she suddenly came up suspicions of the sons of the wilderness, within a few feet of him. Greatly terrified, burnt a pile of brush upon its grave. They she screamed outright, whereupon Bruin not soon found, however, that if they remained accustomed to such noises, dropped his prey long at Newbury, a greater calamity, if possi- and betook himself to flight ; and Mrs. Gray ble, than war, would befall them. They had putting the sheep on her shoulder, returned commenced to clear and cultivate the land home in triumph. their crops Avere in the ground, and they There was a long time before the bears must secure them, or die of starvation. These were completely destroyed, particularly in brave men again held a council and all agreed the northeastern part of the town. In 1804, that there was no alternative but to return at four bears that had been making havoc the risk of their lives. Tradition reports among the sheep, were killed on Robert Dick- that William Neilson preceded the rest. He son's farm. bravely said, "It is better to die by the Bear's meat was much used by the early sword than famine;" and tearing himself settlers. The lean part of the bear being away from his weeping wife and children, like beef, and the fat like poi-k, it was a good went boldly back, trusting in Jehovah's substitute for both. When salted a little it arm for safety. During the day he worked was called corned beef. hard, and slept at night with his door barri- Besides the perils from the Indians and caded, and his gun at his pillow. The ex- wild beastSj there were other difiiculties that pected invasion, however, did not occur, and the early settlers had to surmount to put their 378 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. descendants into the possession of their pre- houses until 1792, when the first school sent inheritance. There were no bridges house was erected. This was built of logs, and no roads, but spotted trees. When they and stood on the town lot, southeast of John went to mill which was in Newbury, 10 miles 0. Page's. distant from the central part of the town, Previous to this time, James Whitelaw they carried their grists on their backs. had been appointed surveyor general of the This was also the mode of conveyance, in state of Vermont ; and, in consequence was carrying articles to and from the store, which under the necessity of resigning his ofl&ce as was also located in Newbury. There, too, agent of the Scotch-American company. was their place of worship. Not only men, Accordingly, he intimated to the company in but women also, traveled all that distance on Scotland, that they must appoint some other foot, that they might have an opportunity of person to be their land agent in this country. worshiping the God of their fathers in the In accordance with his request, they author- public congregation. "When the ladies," ized the members of the company, residing in says Mr. Powers, "came to Wells river the town of Ryegate, to call a meeting for that (there being no canoe), they would bare purpose. This meeting was held in March, their feet, and trip it along as nimbly as a 1793, at which William Neilson, James Hen- deer, the men generally went barefooted, the derson and Hugh Gardner were appointed ladies certainly, wore shoes." managers, and it was "voted that James Money was a scarce article, as is shown Whitelaw, who now holds the deeds of the by the following incident: Gen. Whitelaw company's land shall deed it to the managers purchased a corn-broom, the first that was and their successors in oifice." used- in the settlement. His daughter being Up to this date, Gen. Whitelaw held all very much pleased, with it, remarked that the deeds of all the land that had been sold she would never again be at the trouble to in the south half of Ryegate. He then de- make a broom of hemlock brush, when one livered them all up with the disposal of all so much superior could be bought for twenty- the lands belonging to the Scotch-American five cents. "Marion," said her father, "I company not taken up, to the said managers. have seen the time when there was not This was Gen. Whitelaw's last act as agent twenty-five cents in Ryegate." (For the in- for that company, which he had served so cidents that we have just related, and for long and so faithfully ; and yet all his valu- other facts in these sketches, we are many able services received but very small com- Abigail Henderson, indebted to Mrs. daugh- pensation. of Gen. Whitelaw, in her 78th year. ter In 1795, the town was divided into two is a pious lady, and endowed with a re- She school districts. These were afterwards memory). markable subdivided to meet the wants of the people. James Henderson January 9, 1777, was There are now in the town 9 school districts. married to Agnes Lynn, and on the 17th of The school-houses with one or two excep- month, Robert to the same Brock Elizabeth tions, are neat and commodious. A growing Stewart. These were the first marriages in interest is also taken in the schools ; and it Brock into Ryegate. Mr. moved Barnet, and is the determination in most of the districts, settled. Mr. Henderson took up his residence that none but competent teachers shall be in Ryegate. He was the first carpenter in employed. The number of scholars between town. Besides being very useful as a me- the ages of 4 and 18, are 342. chanic during the infancy of the settlement, he The attention of our forefathers was afterwards served the town as representa- turned to the education of the heart and tive, and in various town ofiices to which he conscience, as well as the head. At one was elected. He was a consistent member time they were under the impression that of the Associate Church. He died at the they would enjoy the ministrations of Di\ age of 85 years. His farm is owned and Witherspoon, the Rev. proprietor. But dis- occupied by his son, William Henderson, in appointed in that, those of them that did not his 80th year (1861). find it convenient to attend church at New- While exploring and subduing the forests, bury, held meetings for prayer and Christian the early settlers did not neglect the intel- conference, read good books, and attended lectual and religious culture of their children. particularly to the religious education of the In the year 1787, the first regular school was children. In March, 1797, they "voted to established in James Whitelaw's house. raise forty bushels of wheat by a tax, to The first teacher was Jonathan Powers. support the gospel in the town for the ensu- The school continued to be kept in private ing year." They then engaged a part of the RYEGATE. 379 services of Rev. David Goodwillie of the place of interment, another lot south of it Associate Church, who had been settled in has recently been purchased, by a company Barnet over a colony also from Scotland. formed for that purpose. Some improve- And it may be remarked in passing, that it ments have been made on it. When orna- was from the first settlers of these two mented with walks and trees, it will be a towns, Ryegate and Bai-net, that the county neat yard. It is called the Blue Mountain received the name of Caledonia. Cemetery. Besides those mentioned, there Another event of some importance that are two other burying grounds in the town, occurred in 1797, was the erection of the one in the western part, and one near South frame of a meeting house on the hill west of Ryegate. the Corner. It was soon enclosed and meet- The surface of this town is generally ings held in it. But it was not finished until uneven. The northern and eastern portions in the year 1800. This was the first meeting are hilly and broken. The only mountain, house in town. Previous to this time, civil called Blue Mountain, is situated in the and religious meetings were held in private northwest part. This, though a bleak, bar- houses. For sixteen years after the erection ren mountain, is valuable for its quarries of of the meeting house, the people worshipped granite, from which monuments, mill stones, in it without any stove. It was used as a &c., are manufactured. Its summit affords a house of worship till 1850, when it was commanding view of the surrounding coun- abandoned for a new and tasteful meeting try. Indeed Ryegate abounds in picturesque house, built at the Corner south of the brick scenery. Limestone is found in different house, by the Reformed Presbyterian (old parts of the town. school) and Associate congregations of Rye- Connecticut river bounds it on the east, gate. Town meetings, however, continued and Wells river runs through the southwest to be held in it till 1855, when it was pulled part of the town, affording ample water down, and a town house erected in the same power. place. Ticklenaked pond, in the southern- part, In the same year that the meeting house discharges its waters into Wells river, and was finished. Rev. William- Gibson of the Re- North pond in the northern part, enipties formed Presbyterian Church, was settled. itself into Connecticut river. The whole And being the first settled minister, he drew town is well watered by springs and small one right of land, which is now owned and streams. occupied by James Beattie, Esq. The soil is mostly of clay and loam. Th$ For some time after, Mr. Gibson's settle- interval land on the Connecticut and Wells ment, there were no carriages in the town. river, is level, and the soil of an excellent The only modes of locomotion were on foot quality, producing abundantly all kinds of and on horseback. It was not an uncommon garden vegetables and grain. The other thing on a sabbath morning, to see the wor- portions, though hilly, are also well adapted shipers, some on foot and some on horseback, to the production of grain, and yield luxuri- flocking to the house of God. A man and ant crops of grass. The attention of the his wife, each holding a child, frequently farmers is chiefly occupied with cattle raising rode one horse. And notwithstanding these and the dairy. This town has long been difficulties, many that lived from 4 to 6 miles celebrated for its excellent butter. distant from the place of worship, were sel- There are two small villages in town, Rye- dom absent on the sabbath. gate Corner and South Ryegate, with a post From the time that Mr. Gibson becanie office at each. Besides the meeting house pastor in Ryegate, the town has been well already mentioned, there is another place of supplied with gospel ordinances. worship at Ryegate Corner, which belongs to The professors of religion in Ryegate are, the United Presbyterians. There is also a with a few exceptions, Presbyterians ; and Union Church at South Ryegate where the are divided into three denominations—the Ref. Presbyterians (new school) worship. Reformed Presbyterian (old school). Re- There is no high school in town. But this formed Presbyterian (new school), and the is not felt to be a want, as in each of the ad- United Presbyterian. joining towns of Peacham, Barnet and New- About the time of Mr. Gibson's installment, bury, there is an excellent academy. Hence a lot of land consisting of two acres, south the youth are well instructed, and care is of the meeting house, was purchased of An- taken to have the school attainments sancti- drew Brock, for a burying ground. Being fied by lessons of Christianity. The inha- ledgy, and therefore not well adapted for a bitants of Ryegate, are a plain, unassuming, ; 380 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. honest, industrious and peaceable people. He was surveyor-general of the state of The Puritan and Presbyterian principles are Vermont, and not only surveyed this town, finely blended in their manners and char- but many of the town lines in the northern acter. part of the state were run by him, and some The professional men that claim Ryegate of the towns allotted. This was done when as their birth place, are Rev. Robert Gibson, there were no roads but dotted trees, and for many years pastor of the 2d Reformed but few houses, and these many miles distant Presbyterian Church, New Yorli city, now from each other. Hence his way, in many deceased; Rev. John Gibson, and Rev. places through which he traveled, was ob- William Gibson, ministers in connection with structed by logs, rocks, mountains, and other the Presbyterian church in the south ; Rev. obstacles. He was always attended, at such A. M. Milligan settled in New Alexandria, times, by three or four men, whose business Pa. ; Rev. S. T. Milligan in Michigan ; Rev. it was to carry the chain, mark the trees, J. K. Milligan, pastor of the 1st Reformed and render him such assistance as was need- Presbyterian Church, New York ; Rev. James ed. They carried their provisions on their M. Dickson, pastor of the Church of the backs, in knapsacks ; slept at night in the Covenanters, Brooklyn, Long Island ; Rev. woods, on beds of hemlock boughs ; and of- John Lynn, pastor of a Presbyterian church ten when they awoke in the morning, found in Maryland ; Dr. William Neilson, a distin- themselves covered with a soft, white blank- guished physician and surgeon in Cambridge, et, more than a foot thick, it having snowed N. Y., deceased. during the night. Dr. Eli Perry came to Ryegate in 1814. Surveying was his employment for 12 or He was the first physician in town, and is 14 years, yet during all this time there is no still with us, aged 70 years. record of his ever having been molested by George Cowles is at present town clerk any savage, beast, or venomous reptile. He and so completely does he enjoy the confi- always enjoyed good health and spirits, and dence of all parties that he has held that submitted to the trials and hardships of his office for 18 years. occupation with patience, and even cheerful- For the last half century the town has ad- ness. vanced rapidly, and we stand to-day amid In the year 1796 he completed a very cor- fields of waving grain, and under trees bend- rect map of the state of Vermont. He after- ing with luscious fruit ; we look at the beau- wards established himself in a land office, tiful green meadows, and neatly painted in which situation he continued the residue farm houses, the well cultivated- gardens and of his life. tasteful yards, the white school-houses, warm He was three times married. In 1778 he and comfortable ; we see from a distance was married to Abigail Johnstone of New- the church spire ; all this to-day we see, bury, by whom he had two sons and two where 86 years ago was a wild and unbroken daughters. The sons, who were useful citi- forest. Thanks to the strong arms and brave zens, are dead. The daughters are still liv- hearts of our forefathers! Thanks to the ing. His first wife died July 13, 1790. His Great Protector, who amid all their toils and second wife, Susanna Rogers, died in 1815. perils, blessed them with health and strength, He married for his third wife, Jannet Har- to accomplish the great work which they had vey, a widow, who died in 1854, aged 88. undertaken. She came from Scotland before the Revolu- tionary War, and lived to see the wilderness BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. blossom. James Whitelaw, We will bring this sketch to a close, by Who may be called the father of Ryegate, quoting from the communication of a person was born at New Mills, parish of Oldmonk- who had excellent opportunities of becom- land, Scotland, February 11, 1748. He came ing acquainted with Gen. Whitelaw. Says here in 1773. The circumstances connected Mrs. A. Henderson: "As husband, father, with his arrival and settlement, have been brother, or friend, he was not surpassed by already stated. any in his day. His townspeople had the He certainly was the chief agent in the utmost confidence in him. He was their settlement of the town, and for about 40 town clerk for upwards of 40 years; and years his influence was felt in almost every town treasurer and postmaster, from the movement. He built the first framed house time of their establishment in the town, to in the town, which stood where the late Wm. the day of his death. He had always great Whitelaw's house now stands. care and government of his own words and RYEGATE. 881 actions. There was no pride or passion in justice of the peace, for a long time an ac- his intercourse with mankind, but a wondei*- tive member of the bible society, and a dea- ful serenity of mind and evenness of temper con in the Congregational Church. He died were visible in his very countenance. His June 30, 1826, in the 65th year of his age. benevolence and philanthropy were always He had 8 children. equal, if not beyond his means. He was ready on all occasions to administer to the AUCHIBALD PaEK, necessities of every one he saw in need. Born in Scotland in 1780, came to Ryegate men have been more beloved in life, or Few when he was 14 years of age. In 1806 he more lamented in death." He died April married Margaret Renfrew. They had 12 29, 1829, aged 81 years. children, 6 of whom, with their families, John Geay reside in town, within a few miles of each other. Was born in Ederslie, near Paisley, Renfrew- Mr. Park took an active part in all the shire, Scotland, in 1749. At the age of 23 public movements of the town, was several he joined the Scotch-American Company of years selectman, many years justice of the Farmers. As already mentioned, he came peace, and at difi'erent times overseer of the with others to Ryegate, in May, 1774. On poor. He departed this life Dec. his arrival he had but one shilling in his 12, 1847, in his 68th year. pocket. He selected a lot about half a mile north of the Corner, on which he erected a William Gibson, log-cabin, and commenced to clear the land, Born in Renfrewshire, Scotland; came to but spent the subsequent winter in Newbury, Ryegate with a family of 9 children (7 sons ill laboring for the necessaries of life. and 2 daughters), in June, 1801. was a In 1777 he was married to Jean McFar- He quiet, peaceable, and useful member of so- land, by whom he had 7 children, 5 of whom ciety, held various ofiices in the town, and died in 1796 and '97, leaving the eldest was also an exemplary member and zealous daughter and one next the youngest, a son. office bearer in the Associate Church. Very During the war he was occasionally molested generous and public spirited, he contributed by the Tories and Indians passing through liberally towards the support of the gospel. this part of the country. All his children, except one son and a He was, from the commencement of its daughter, settled in Ryegate, and with one settlement, devoted to the interests of the exception, have large families. His sons and town. Being a man of energy and decision grandsons are for the most part thrifty farm- of character, and withal generous and public ers, and honest, upright men. spirited, he gained the confidence and esteem Mr. Gibson died Jan. 2, 1844, in his 90th of all, and occupied a prominent position in year. At the time of his death he had be- the community. Several times he represent- tween 50 and 60 great-grandchildren. ed the town, was first captain of the militia, and held various town oifices. James Neilson, He Avas an efiicient elder in the Associate Son of William Neilson, was born in Church, and a zealous advocate for the divine June, 1779. possessed, in a high degree, right of the Presbyterian form of church He the government. He was a peace-maker. "He confidence of his townsmen. He represent- ed the 5 successive years, was," said one that knew him well, "the town was justice noblest work of God—an honest man." of the peace many years, and held other of- He died in Nov., 1816, leaving a widow, a fices. daughter and son—the daughter since de- In 1808 he was married to Agnes Gibson. ceased. The son, William Gray, Esq., occu- They had 11 children. His son. Dr. William pies the homestead, is the father of 11, and Neilson, now deceased, was an eminent phy- grandfather of 40 children, all alive. sician. In early life he became a member of the Associate Church. As a professor he Hugh Laughlin was exemplary. He died in June, 1840, in Was a native of Ireland, who emigrated to his 61st year. the United States and settled in Ryegate, Aug. 2, 1799. Possessed of considerable at- John Cameron, tainments, and a benevolent heart, he soon A native of Scotland, came to America and rose in the estimation of the people. Thrice settled in Ryegate in 1790. He purchased he represented the town, was many years a 1000 acres of land in the western part of ; 382 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the town, and afterwards at the Corner, 1^ the principles of the Associate Presbyterian acres of John Orr, on which he built the first church. These principles he espoused some store in town. The land is now owned by 40 years since, in connection with the Asso- his son, John Cameron, whose dwelling- ciate congregation of Ryegate, and main- house occupies the place of the store. He tained them with an unwavering faith unto represented the town more than 12 years, the last. He was an active member of the was several years member of the council, a congregation in the weakness of its early judge in 1814, and although a Democrat, he history, and in its struggles of a later day was retained in office under the Federalists. stood firm in its cause ; was liberal in his Judge Cameron was a man of large mental support of the gospel, and not only sound endowments, whose influence was not only but strong in the faith. felt in the community where he resided, but He was ever modest and humble, but under throughout the state. He died in 1837, aged afflictive providences, and in times of danger, 76 years. His first wife was a daughter of when others were alarmed and disturbed, Gen. Stark. calm and peaceful he would say, "we are in the hands of a good providence," and there- Jonathan Cobuen, fore neither unduly feared nor murmured. "Was a native of New Hampshire, but spent He further manifested his faith by a truly the most of his life in Ryegate, his father Christian deportment in all his relations of having removed to Vermont in 1789, when life. As a husband, ever tender and affec- tionate a parent, maintaining that kind- he was but 7 years of age. At the age of ; as ness intimacy that ever endears ; as a 24, after a careful examination of the prin- and obliging ciples of the Ref. Presbyterian church, friend and neighbor, peaceable and possessing in an unusual degree that Christ- becoming satisfied of their agreeableness to ian courtesy and politeness preceding froKa the Scriptures, he embraced them by public a kind and generous heart. profession in the congregation of Ryegate, Though his long life was one of almost and continued an upright and exemplary uninterrupted good health, yet he had ac- member till his death, January 3, 1860. He quired in a high degree the patience of the Avas a consistent covenanter, who had no saints, which is usually through much tribu- sympathy with defection. By his death the lation. This he ever indicated as occasion church sustained a great loss, where as an offered, but especially in sickness, a severe elder he was an active, zealous, and faithful attack of which brought him near to the office bearer for 40 years, exemplary in all gates of death about four years since, and his attendance upon the ordinances. which seemed to have been specially designed He was moreover a peacemaker, often in- to discipline his mind and heart preparatory strumental in removing offences and healing to his last illness, which in a few weeks re- divisions. A man of comprehensive benevo- duced the strong man to the extremity of lence, his heart was full of love to all, and death. his hand ready to perform kindness to any A few days before his death he remarked of whom he knew as in need. He also took that he thought he could say with another, a deep and lively interest in the cause of that he would place all his good deeds in missions, sabbath schools, temperance, and one scale, and his evil in another, and flee the oppressed Africans in our land. died He from both to the merits of his Saviour. Let as he lived. "Let me die the death of the us then " Mark the perfect man, and behold righteous, and let my last like his." end be the upright? for the end of that man is Mr. Coburn left a widow and several child- peace." ren. James Whitehill, John Neilson, Esq. by kev. james milligan. BT BEV. JAMBS M'AETHUB. The subject of this memoir was born in In Ryegate, Sept. 6 (1853?), died John RenfrcAvshire, Scotland, emigrated to Ame- Neilson, Esq., in the 79th year of his age. rica about the year 1798, and was for many Mr. Neilson was born in the memorable year years a ruling elder in the Reformed Pres- of the Declaration of American Independ- byterian congregation of Ryegate ; was cha- ence. He was thfe second male child born ritable to the poor, and liberal in support in the town of Ryegate, and therefore inti- of the gospel ; but in imparting his benefac- mately acquainted with its early history. tions, seemed from principle to shun ostenta- He was born of religious parents, brought tion. up in the fear of the Lord, and educated in His habits were those of industry, sereni- : RYEGATE. 383 ty, and piety. Even in advanced life, he not His wisdom to direct, nor His power to w&s "diligent in business," and "fervent in protect them. The nations need to be taught spirit." His modesty and difi&dence even to their dependence upon the Lord, and allegi- a fault, was probably one reason why he did ance to the Prince of the Kings of the Earth. not pursue his education farther, and fill a I have endeavored, though in great meek- place in one of the learned professions, for ness, to promote the interests of the Cove- he had made in his youth considerable pro- nanted Church in this place. * * ^" * gress in the Latin language, besides having I should like to see all my children take an acquired a very ample English education. active and growing interest in the Reforma- He was well supplied with religious books, tion cause, and hope they will ; but in the which he read with great care and spiritual meantime, I desire to say with David — discernment ; but the Bible was his chief de- ' though my house be not so with God, yet light, especially towards the close of his life. hath He made with me an everlasting cove- On his death-bed he remarked to the writer nant, ordered in all things and sure.' * * of this, that in secret prayer, morning and I have no desire to live any longer, though I evening, he had great comfort, and also en- do not despise my life. I think it lawful to dured terrible conflicts with the adversary. pray for an easy passage through the valley "Many a time," said he, "the adversary of the shadow of death, but leave it alto- tried to drive me from that post, but by the gether with my God, who has been with me grace of God did not prevail." As a ruler in in all the six troubles of life, and who will Israel, he was eminently useful, having an not forsake me in the seventh. * -x- * * extensive knowledge of church history and Oh! that He would hasten the consumma- government, as well as of didactic and prac- tion of His work, sanctify and deliver me tical theology. His attachment to truth and from this body of sin and death, and take ecclesiastical order, united to his love of me to Himself, all through Jesus Christ my peace, made his services invaluable. Dur- Lord." ing his last illness his ejaculations were fre- quent and transporting. His conversation CHURCH HISTORY. became more and visibly in heaven. Reserve The Associate Congregation, now the was laid aside, but humility continued, add- United Pbesbt. Church of Ryegate. ing weight to his piety. His path was re- by rev. thomas goodwillib of barnet. markably that of the just, which "shineth It is not known at what period the Pres- more unto the perfect day." A short time byterian churches of Barnet and Ryegate before his death he sent for his pastor, and were formed, but they were organized pre- requested him to take the following state- vious to 1779. Before, during and after the ment from his lips Revolutionary war, several Scotch clergy- "I was baptized in the established church men came and preached to them occasionally, of Scotland, and before I was 20 years of and sometimes administered baptism. Gen. age, renewed the baptismal bans avouching Whitelaw who was the agent of that com- God to be my own God in Christ. Long I pany, on his way to Ryegate in 1773, called felt the obligation to commemorate Christ's on Rev. Thomas Clark, a Scotch clergyman dying love, but was afraid, until I had more belonging to the Associate Presby. Church, evidence that I had passed from death to settled in Salem, N. Y., and Col. Harvey, life. I was from early life persuaded that agent of the Scotch company that settled in the Revolution was not so pure as the Re- Barnet, on his way to town in 1774, called formation Church, but delayed joining the also upon him, and to this clergyman John latter until I was 30 years of age. * * * Gray of Ryegate traveled on foot 140 miles "I have found great advantage and com- to obtain his services. He gave them a fa- fort in consecrating and keeping my birth- voi-able answer April 8, 1775, and came and day as a day of fasting, prayer, and self-de- preached some time in Barnet and Ryegate, dication. I had frequently attended to this in the latter part of the summer of that year. occasionally, but never statedly, until about He revisited these towns two or three times 14 years ago. It affords an opportunity of afterwards, during the Revolutionary war. ascertaining and comparing our spiritual Dr. Witherspoon, president of Princeton progress from year to year. College, N. J., a signer of the Declaration of " I approve of the American Revolution. Independence, and a member of congress, The Colonies had a right to be free from who owned lands in Ryegate, Newbury and Great Britain. But oh ! they have declared Walden, and whose son was settled in tha their independence of God, as if they needed north part of Ryegate, visited this part of 384 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the country three times, first probably in and settled as their pastor, June 29, 1830, 1775. In 1782 he preached in Ryegate and by the Associate Presbytery of Cambridge, Barnet, and baptized some children. He Mr. Goodwillie, their former pastor, giving returned in 1786 to this part of the country. him the pastoral charge. He was the son of Rev. Hugh AVhite, a Scotch clergyman, the eminent Rev. Alexander Pringle, who preached in Ryegate at the end of 1775. was for more than 60 years pastor of the As- Rev. Peter Powers, English Presbyterian sociate Congregation of Perth, Scotland, and clergyman, settled in Newbury from 1765 to married to the daughter of Rev. Alexander 1784, preached occasionally in Ryegate, and Bullions, D. D., being the granddaughter of probably in Barnet during that period. Mr. Goodwillie. The greatest number of Previous to 1779, the congregations of members at one time was 140. Mr. Pringle Barnet and Ryegate were associated in joint ministered till 1852. The congregation, how- endeavors to obtain preachers. In that year ever, divided in 1840. Rev. James McAr- a petition Avas sent from Ryegate to the thur ministered in Ryegate one-half of the church in Newbury, to obtain a share of the time, from 1846 till 1857, when he resigned. ministerial of The congregation, after serious difficulties, labors . Rev. Peter Powers. Rev. Robert Annan preached in these towns is now happily united. The town hall and in 1784, and returned next year. Rev. Da- meeting house, finished in 1800, was the only vid Annan preached in Barnet and Ryegate, church edifice in Ryegate till 1825, when the in 1785. Rev. John Huston was present Associate congregation built a good chui-ch with the session of Barnet, August 31, 1786, on a fine site at Ryegate Corner. when, the record says, " a petition was May 21, 1801, Barnet and Ryegate con- drawn up by the elders of Barnet and Rye- gregations were included in the Associate gate, and preferred to the Associate (Ref.) Presbytery of Cambridge, N. Y., to which Presbytery, to sit at Petersboro', Sept. 27, they belonged till July 10, 1840, when they 1786, earnestly desiring one of their number were included in the Associate Presbytery might be sent to preach, visit, and catechize of Vermont. (See Barnet, p. 287.) the two congregations, and ordain elders at The Refokmed Pbesbtteeian Congkega- Barnet." Accordingly the Presbytery ap- Tioji (Old School) of Ryegate. pointed Mr. Huston for that purpose. In BX BEV. JAMES M. BEATTIE. pursuance thereof, Mr. Huston came in Oc- tober following, and visited and catechized This congregation was organized in 1798 the greater portion of the congregations. He or 1799. About the time that Rev. Win. remained till May, 1787, preaching in Bar- Gibson, who was driven from Ireland, be- net and Ryegate, and returned in November, cause of his republican firmness, and parti- 1788. cipation with the United Men, emigrated to In 1789 and 1790, Rev. Mr. Goodwillie of this country, and preached in Ryegate. In Barnet, preached occasionally at Ryegate. 1800, the Covenanters, then few and feeble, And this church, from his settlement in 1790 not numbering more than 8 in full commu- (see Barnet a call, which ac- Ecclesiastical History, pp. 205 nion, . gave Mr. Gibson he and 206), received one-sixth of his labors cepted. He labored among them with some till 1822. success until 1805, when his connection with For 32 years Mr. Goodwillie was diligent them was dissolved. in preaching, pastoral visitation of families, While vacant. Rev. Jas. Milligan preached and public catechisings, and never failed to for them by Presbyterial appointment, and fulfill his appointments except twice, when in 1817, became their pastor. The number prevented by sickness. During this time, of members at this time was 80. Mr. Milli- however, they occasionally had preachers gan's labors were very abundant. He not sent to them by the Presbytery. In 1809, only cultivated his own field, but for many they gave Mr. Mushat, and in 1813, Mr. years he visited and preached to the congre- Francis Pringle, Jr., calls, but they settled gations in Topsham and Craftsbury. He in other congregations. In 1822, Rev. Thos. continued to labor among the people in Rye- Ferrier was ordained, and settled as their gate till 1840, when he received and accepted their pastor. He resigned in 1825. In 1827, a call from New Alexandria, Pa. The con- Rev. Thomas Beveridge was called to the gregation again became vacant, and remained pastorate of the Associate congregation of destitute of a pastor for 4 years. It was, Ryegate, but did not accept the call. however, for part of that time supplied with After being a considerable time supplied preaching, by Presbytery. In the winter of 1»y Rev. William Pringle, he was ordained 1843 and '44, James M. Beattie, a licentiate, RYEGATE. 385 preached to them, and in the spring received respecting the use of the elective franchise. a unanimous call, which was by him accept- One party maintaining that those who exer- ed. In June, Mr. Beattie was ordained and cised the elective franchise under the consti- installed in the pastoral charge of the united tution of the United States, ought to be sub- congregations of Ryegate and Barnet, the jected to the discipline of the church, the Barnet congregation having united with other maintaining that this should be made Ryegate in the call. a matter of forbearance. This resulted in At the time of Mr. Beattie's settlement, the formation of two separate synods, each these congregations were in a somewhat claiming to be the Synod of the Reformed broken and scattered condition. Owing to Presbyterian Church. This unhappy division the troubles that arose towards the close of occurred in the year 1833. Its influence was Mr. Milligan's pastorate here, they had de- soon felt in the congregation in Ryegate ; and creased in numbers. In Ryegate there were ultimately in the year 1843, the congregation only 82 communicants, when Mr. Beattie were divided in respect to this question of took the spiritual charge. using the elective franchise. Those in the By the blessing of God, the people soon congregation who believed that the exercise became more united, and a new impulse was of this political privilege, ought not of itself, given to the cause. to be regarded as a sufficient ground for Some very valuable members have been church censure, gave in their adherence to called to the congregation of the upper the General Synod of the Reformed Presby- sanctuary, but others have arisen whom we terian Church, and were by that body recog- trust will fill their places. The sabbath nised as the Reformed Presbyterian congre- school, in connection with Ryeg.ite congre- gation of Ryegate, in connection with the gation, promises to do much good. General Synod of the Reformed Presbyte- Besides supporting their pastor, the people rian Church in North America. We have contribute yearly to aid the funds of the thus stated (as we believe impartially), the foreign and domestic missions, and of the ground of the division which took place in Theological Seminary. Since the settlement the congregation, respecting the elective of the present minister 89 have been added franchise ; we have also defined, as distinct- ly as could, the position to the congregation ; and notwithstanding we occupied by the the losses that have been sustained in re- congregation with which we stand connected. movals and deaths, there are at present 129 It would evidently be out of place in a work members. like the present, to enter into any particular defence of the ground which we occupy as a The Reformed Peesbyterian Congrega- congregation. However willing we might be to do this in other circumstances, yet in tion OF Ryegate, in connection with the the present connection, matter of taste General Synod of the Reformed Pres- as a and confine ourselves to a simple byterian Church in North America. courtesy, we statement of the facts in the case. by rev. john bole, pastor. In the year 1848, the Rev. Robert A. Hill, The origin of the Reformed Presbyterian was ordained pastor over the congregation. Church in Ryegate, is nearly coeval with the Mr. Hill continued to labor in Ryegate with first settlement of the town itself. The first much zeal and acceptance for upwards of pastor, the Rev. James Gibson, was settled in three years, when he was removed to another the year 1798. Mr. Gibson labored faith- field of labor. The present pastor was or- fully and successfully in building up a Re- dained over the congregation, in the year formed Presbyterian congregation amongst 1853. He has had much comfort in his pas- the early settlers in Ryegate. He was suc- toral connection with his people. There are ceeded by Rev. James Milligan, who was now 135 members on the roll. Preaching is translated from Coldingham to Ryegate in sustained all the time at South Ryegate, a the year 1817. Mr. Milligan spent a long sabbath school is in successful operation, and useful pastorate amongst the green hills and a large and valuable library is esta- of Vermont, and the seed which he sowed blished in connection with the congregation. here amid much toil and trouble is still In reviewing our history there as a congre- bringing forth fruit to the Master's praise. gation, from the beginning down to the Mr. Milligan removed from Ryegate, leaving present time, surely we have abundant rea- the congregation vacant, in 1839. In the son to erect our " Ebenezer," and inscribe meantime a division had taken place in the upon it, "Hitherto hath the Lord helped Reformed Presbyterian church in America, : ; ;; • 886 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ELEGIAC EXTRACT. I'd love to wander with some friend, Some dear, congenial, tender soul On Rev. David Goodwillie, who died Aug. And view the blessings God doth send. 2, 1830. And watch the bright waves gleam and roll. BY MAEY JANE LAUGHLIN. But ah! it may not — can not be. "I have waited for thy salvation, Lord."— Gfen. XLix, 18. And I must try to bow in love And long thou waitedst, venerable man, ; To leave my lot, God, to thee, While more than eighty circling periods ran, And hope for happiness above. Full fifty years through many a dreary scene, MEMORIES. Proclaimed a Saviour's grace with modest mien, BY MRS. M. S. BEATTIE. While Time, his desolating havoc spread, Like gleams of the far-oflf heavenly — One by one in vision bright. Stood at thy work and choose still to remain, How the by-gone memories come. To brighten the spirit's night. Pleased with God's service to thy latest year. I am kissing now a dimpled cheek, Not long ago, did I behold thee stand, I am smoothing golden hair, With consecrated symbols in thy hand, I am thinking now, with a mother's pride, With hoary head, with aspect kind and meek. My babe is wond'rous fair. The tears fast flowing down thy aged cheek. Two little snow-white arms of love. Discoursing of thy Saviour's dying love. Hold me in a soft embrace, And pointing to the boundless bliss above. Two tender eyes of the sweetest blue Like pilgrim past the dangers of the way. Look up to my happy face. Almost at home, thy looks appeared to say, "My friends no more will I partake with But the twilight deepens to night, you, And I hear the wind's low moan TDl we in our " heaven intercourse renew And it whispers sad as it passes by, "Alone, young mother, alone! " ! it is true that WHERE ? the sunshine fled, That lighted our home so bright BY CARRIE S. GIBSON. ! it is true that the music died. Where can I look for peace, to heal When those lips grew still and white. My weary soul ; and sorrow steal From out my mind, and heaven reveal ? In the Bible ? ST. JOHl^SBTJRY. What Book, unto our hearts doth bring Lat. 44° 27''. Long. 72° V W. Good cheer ; and never leaves a sting BY EDWARD T. FAIRBANKS. And give us hope, God's praise to sing ? Prior to the independence of New Hamp- The Bible. shire Grants, and 16 years before the settle- ment of St. Johnsbury, a tract of land on SONG OF THE INVALID. Passumpsic river was granted by King BY CARRIE S. GIBSON. George III, to certain of his "loving sub- jects of the Province of New York." This An invalid, we have been told, for many tract yet the first contained 39,000 acres—including the years ; one to send the Quarterly whole or nearly the whole of St. Johnsbury, a club from Caledonia county. Unable to together with a portion go out into the neighborhood around, she of Concord and Waterford was granted to 39 petitioners laid the enterprize before her visitors. We — under leadership of John appreciatingly commemorate this fair exam- Woods and Wm. Swan, and formally chartered ple of practical sympathy, and cheerfully by Cadwal- lader Golden, who in 1770 find a modest niche in the department of her was governor birthtown for this dear girl general of New York. The charter was issued at New York city on the 8th August, I'd love to climb the high. mountains 1770 ; and in honor of the Earl of Dunmore, To wander thro' the valleys green. who on the 19th October following was ap- To look athwart the azure sky. pointed under his majesty, governor of the And o'er the lakelet's silver sheen. province, the new township received the —: ST. JOHNSBURY. 387 name of Diinmore. From this document, paying therefor yearly and every year for- is still preserved in the State Hall at ever unto which . us our heirs and Successors, at Albany, the following sections are tran- our Custoih House in our City of New York, scribed : unto us, our or their Collector or Receiver "George th? Third, by the Grace of God General there for the time being, on the of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, Feast of Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Defender of the Faith and so forth—To all to Mary, commonly called Lady Day—the whom these Presents shall come. Greeting yearly Rent of two shillings and Six pence "Whereas our loving subjects John AVoods Sterling, for each and every 100 acres of the and William Swan in behalf of themselves above granted lands, and so in proportion and their Associates, by their humble peti- for every lesser Quantity thereof. And we tion presented unto our trusty and well- do by our especial Grace, and certain Know- beloved Cadwallader Golden Esquire, our ledge and meer Motion, erect, create, and Lieut. Governor, and Commander in Chief constitute the Tract or Parcle of Land herein of our Province of New YoTk and the terri- granted and every Part and Parcle thereof, tories depending thereon in America—and a Township, forever hereafter to be and read in our Council for our said Province on continue, and remain—and by the Name of the 31st day of Jan. now last past—did set DuNMOEE forever hereafter to be called and forth among other things—That the Peti- known. And for the better and more easily tioners had discovered a certain Tract of carrying on and managing the public Affairs, vacant Land situate on the West Branch of and Business of the said Township, our Connecticutt Eiver in the County of Glou- Royal AVill and Pleasure is, that there shall cester, within our said Province, containing be forever in the said Township, 2 Assessors, about 39,000 acres, and that the said Lands 1 Treasurer, 2 Overseers of Highways, 2 are not included in any grant heretofore Overseers of Poor, 1 Collector and 4 Con- made by the Gov. of New Hampshire and stables, Elected and chosen out of the In- are still lying vacant and vested in us. habitants of the said Township, yearly and "Know ye,' That of our especial Grace, and every year on the first Tuesday in May at certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, we the most publick place in said Township, by have given, granted, ratified and confirmed, the majority of the Freeholders thereof, and do by these Presents, for us our Heirs then and there met and Assembled for that and Successors, give, grant, ratify and con- purpose. In testimony whereof. We have firm to them, the aforesaid John Woods, caused these our Letters to be made Patent William Swan and Associates their heirs and the Great Seal of our Province to be and assigns forever — All that Tract of hereunto affixed. Witness our said trusty Land aforesaid set out, abutted, bounded and well-beloved Cadwallader Golden Es- and described in the Manner and Form as quire, our said Lieut. Gov. and Commander aforesaid, together with all and singular the in Chief of our said Province of New York, Tenements, Hereditaments, Emoluments and and the Territories depending thereon in Appurtenances thereunto belonging or ap- America. At our Fort in our City of New pertaining, and also our Estate, Right, York, the Eighth day of Aug. in the Year of Title, Interest, Possession, Claim and De- our Lord one thousand seven hundred and mand whatever of, in, and to the same seventy, and of Our Reign the Tenth. lands and Premises, and every Part and Signed, &c. Parcle thereof. And the Reversion and The conditions of the above grant were as Reversions, Remainder and Remainders, follows : "That some or one of the grantees Rents, Issues and Profits thereof, and of should within three years next after date, every Part and Tarcle thereof—Except, and settle on the tract granted, so many families always reserved out of this our present as should amount to one family for every Grant unto us, our heirs and Successors 1000 acres of land—or plant or effectually forever. All Mines of Gold and Silver and cultivate at the end of three years, at least also all White or other Sorts of Pine Trees three acres for every 50 acres of land grant- fit for Masts, of the growth of 24 inches ed capable of cultivation." That no one diameter and upward at 12 inches from the should "by their Privity, consent or Pro- Earth, for Masts for the Royal Navy of us, curement, fell, cut down, or destroy any of our heirs and Successors—To their only pro- the Pine Trees suitable for the Royal Navy. per and separate Use and Behoof respect- Otherwise the Grant should be void, and the ively forever as Tenants in common and not land should revert to, and be vested in the as joint Tenants. Yielding, rendering, and Grantors." : ; 888 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Whether any of the grantees undertook Hampshire. It is not known that any per- the fulfillment of these conditions, we are manent settlements were made within its not informed, but it is highly probable that limits, until the year immediately preceding the difficulties which shortly after arose in Gov. Chittenden's charter of St. Johnsbury. adjusting the claims of landed proprietors It is certain however, that the valley of the in New Hampshire grants, prevented the Passumpsic was often traversed by survey- actual settlement and tillage of the Dunmore ors, hunters and trappers, and had probably lands. been spied out and examined by the future Seven years after the grant of Dunmore, proprietors of St. Johnsbury, sometime be- the state of Vermont threw off her shackles, fore its forests had been opened by the and declared herself an independent sove- squatter's axe. reignty. In the conflict which thence arose On the 27th October, 1786, Thos. Chitten- respecting the right of lands granted under den, then in the 10th year of his service as the seal of neighboring states, a board of governor of Vermont, made an official grant commissioners was appointed to adjust the to Dr. Jonathan Arnold and associates, of a claims of the New York grantees. These tract of land in old Orange county, to be latter had the choice of paying ten cents known as the "Township of St. Johnsbury." per acre on their lands, and retaining them, The shorter and more euphonious name or giving up their title thereto and removing which Cadwallader C olden had bestowed on to new grants in western New York. Pro- this tract in 1770, and by which he thought bably most of the grantees of Dunmore sold to immortalize the memory of the British or relinquished their claims in Vermont, and earl, was now repudiated by the less loyal settled in other quarters. From records mountaineers, who had already assumed the preserved at Albany, we learn that the town- control of the state. Among the French ship lines had been surveyed previous to the people they had found a man, whose love of issuing of the charter, and that two war- liberty, and disinterested friendship for the rants of surveys had been filed on the first Green Mountain State, challenged their re- of January, 1770, but the field books of the spect, and won their gratitude, and as a surveyor general from this quarter are not most appropriate testimony of their regard found. We learn further, from a petition for his character and services, the new presented to the general assembly of this township was named the borough or town of state in 1787, by one Moses Little, that the St. John de Crevecoeur, the French consul at proprietors of Dunmore had completed the New York. This was done at the suggestion lotting out of the township, and that this of Gen. Ethan Allen, who was a warm per- had been done at great expense. The same sonal friend of St. John, and who success- petition, proceedeth to show "that the Peti- fully advocated the claims of the latter tioner, not in the least doubting that the before the governor and council. The fol- said Grant had been legally made by the lowing letter, addressed by St. John to Gen. said Governor of New York, had purchased Allen, evinces in a striking manner the at a very high Price, Ten Thousand Acres of characteristics of the man, besides contain- Land in the said Dunmore, situate about ing an allusion to the name in question 20 miles north of Newbury in the Co. of New York, 31st May, A. D. 1785. Orange. That since the State of Vermont " Gen. Allen : In consequence of the leave had Exercised Jurisdiction, the whole of you have given me, with pleasure I will com- said Tract of Land had been granted by the municate to you the following thoughts, said St. of Vt. to the Proprietors of St. Johns- earnestly desiring you'd be persuaded that borough and other towns, whereby the Peti- they have not been dictated by any vanity or tioner hath suffered greatly by the loss of foolish presumption, but by a sincere and his property, and hath no redress besides honest desire of being somewhat useful to a applying to the Hon. Assembly of the state for the industry and energy of which I State." This comprises all that can be have a great respect. I am an American by found relative to the township of Dunmore. a law of this state passed in the year 1763. On a map of " His Majesties' Province of I have lived and dwelled in it ever since. I New York," published in London about married in 1770. I have three children. I 1779, may be seen this township, located ac- have drained 3000 acres of Bog Meadow, cording to th^ boundaries designated in the built a house, cleared many acres of land, grant, on either side of the Passumpsic (west planted a great orchard. I have had the branch of Connecticut), and extending on pleasure of publishing in Europe a work the east nearly to the boundary line of New which has been well received by the public : ST. JOHNSBURY. 389 wherein many interesting facts are recorded ship and good offices amounts neai-ly to an of the bravei-y, patience and suffering of the alliance. We have not as yet made an ac- Americans in the prosecution of their last curate plan or map of the state, but are now war. Such, dear sir, are the titles whereon doing it, which, when done, we will send to I presume to found and establish the libei-ty France, to be completed by the king's en- I am now taking. First, I offer to have the graver with the seal of the state, as you pro- seal of your state elegantly engraven on pose. With regard to the other matters, the silver by the king's best engraver, and to people of Vermont confide in Mr. St. John, change somewhat the devices thereof. I offer and are his humble sei'vants. I should have with pleasure to get another engraved for written you much earlier could I have ob- the college which the state of Vermont tained an opportunity of laying the subject intends erecting, and I will take upon of your letter before the governor and council myself the imagining of the device thereof. of the state, which I have since done. They 1 will do my best endeavors to procure from readily conceived your good intentions, and the king some marks of his bounty and some nothing will be wanting on their part to pro- useful presents for the above college. If the mote your laudable requests in every parti- general approves what I told him formerly cular. concerning national gratitude and the simple " I have the honor to be, sir, with every though efficacious way of showing it to such sentiment of respect and esteem, French characters as have amply deserved "Your friend and vei'y humble servant, it, no opportunity can be so favorable as the "Ethan Allen." present, since new counties and districts will Besides St. Johnsbury, the names of Dan- soon be laid out. If the general dont think ville and Vergennes were adopted at the re- it too presumptuous, in order to answer what quest of Mr. St. John. he so kindly said respecting names, I would The township of St. Johnsbury, which was observe that the name of St. John being al- granted to the petitioners " for the due en- ready given to many places in this country, couragement of their laudable designs, and it might be contrived by the appellation of for other valuable considerations thereunto St. Jolinsbury. But the most flattering moving," comprised 71 equally divided rights, honor that the citizens of Vermont could each right including 810 acres, 1 rood, 22 confer on me would be, to be naturalized a poles, the whole being estimated at 21,167 citizen of that state, along with my 3 child- acres. Besides the rights appropriated to ren — America Francis St. John, William the several grantees, we find one 71st part Alexander St. John, Philip Lewis St. John. reserved for the use of a seminary or college, As soon as any resolution will be taken to- and the same for the use of county grammar wards giving to the new townships and dis- schools in the state. Also "lands to the tricts, some of the new names, I earnestly amount of one 71st part for the purpose of beg the general would write the account of settlement of a minister or ministers of the it, which I should beg of him to send me by Gospel in the said township, and the same 2 or 3 different ways, so that I should not amount for the support of an English school fail to have that part of it translated and put or schools in the said township." The two into the French newspapers with the name first mentioned reservations were to be under of the general. Wishing your state every the control and disposal of the state assem- prosperity, your good governor and council Tily, the latter to .be located "justly and and yourself, my dear sir, I take my sin- equitably or quantity for quality " in such cere leave of you, and beg you will look on parts of the township as would least incom- me as a true friend and your very humble mode the settlement thereof. At the first servant, St. John." proprietors' meeting it was determined that From Allen's reply to the above we extract the college and grammar school reservations the following should include two full rights in the extreme " Sir, in behalf of the people of Vermont I north-eastern corner of the town — the others return you thanks for the honor you have were variously located, in no case comprising done me and them in your correspondence more than one-third of the same right. Pro- and assure you that we esteem it a great vision was also made in the charter for the honor to be noticed by the French nation, the erection of the first grist and saw mills out guarantees of American independence, more es- of the proceeds of the public lands and 9 pecially as we are not as yet confederated acres in each 71st part, and the same pro- with the United States, and we flatter our- portion for each lesser part were so reserved selves that a mutual interchange of friend- by the charter, that the profits arising there- 47 : . 390 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. from should be applied to the construction society so much as a lordly independence of public, roads and highways. The condi- around their log cabin firesides. tions and other reservations of this charter The names of the grantees were as fol- were "that each proprietor of the township lows: Jonathan Arnold, Esq., Samuel Ste- should plant and cultivate 5 acres of land, vens, Esq., John James Clark and Joseph and build a house at least 18 feet square on Nightingale, Joseph Lord, Ebenezer Scott, the floor, or have one family settled on each Jr., David Howell, Thomas Chittenden, Esq., respective right in said township within the John Bridgeman, John C. Arnold, Joseph time limited by law of the state. Also, that Fay, Esq., Ira Allen, Esq., Simeon Cole, all pine timber suitable for a navy be reserv- Benjamin Doolittle, Josiah Nichols, James ed for the use and benefit of the freemen of Adams, Jona. Adams, J. Callender Adams, the state." The penalty of non-fulfillment Thomas Todd, William Trescott and Jona. was forfeiture of each non-improved right of Trescott. Thomas Chittenden, the governor, land, the same to revert to the freemen of the in accordance with the usage of the day re- state, and by their representatives be re- ceived one 71st part as remuneration for his granted to such persons as should after ap- services in drawing up the charter. His pear to settle and cultivate them. right was located on the east bank of Pas- Thus was granted the town of St. Johns- sumpsic river, north of the Center village, bury. The quaint memorials of olden days, Ira Allen of Irasburgh, and Joseph Fay of will hardly be sought in the annals of a Bennington, men of influence and position in town, whose birth dates so late in New the state were also non-resident proprietors England history. A hundred and sixty-six to the amount of four 71st parts. The years had already passed since the May- principal proprietor was Samuel Stevens, flower first dropped her anchors in Ply- Esq., who held 18 rights or about 5400 mouth Bay. Nine years since the squatter acres. Being a non-resident, however, he sovereigns of New Hampshire Grants, had subsequently transferred most of his lands declared their green hills an independent to Dr. Arnold and others who were ready to territory. Full twice nine since the boys of settle. Arnold at the date of the charter the Green Mountains had first raised the held 3900 acres, 13 rights, or a tenth in arm of resistance against the tyranny of the amount of the old township of Dunmore. Granite and Empire states. The straight Of the other grantees, the last eight in the forward policy and decision of the incipient list, obtained the rights of proprietorship, commonwealth had been felt to the east of by virtue of settlement previous to the char- the Connecticut, and west of the Lake, and tering of the town, and held respectively the time had come when '* tall grenadiers of one 210th part, or about 100 acres. the King's army, stood and trembled in the In the latter part of 1786, before the day of her fierce anger." But not as yet boundaries of the township had been fixed, had this little state been accepted by Con- or its charter issued, James Adams, Martin gress, as one of the confederated union. Adams, James Callender Adams, and Jona- Her repeated applications had been treated than Adams, came up the valley of the with an evasive policy which at the time Passumpsic, to the meadow south of Rail- was regarded as alike unfortunate for the road street, and there began the first clear- state, and discreditable to Congress. Never- ing in the town. About the same time theless, her very disappointment resulted Simeon Cole, whose old pasture gate sub- eventually in good to the state, since it sequently swung on the edge of Cole Gate served to develop a greater self-reliance and Hill, established himself on the meadowa energy on the part of the citizens, and south of Center village. Before the close furthermore released them from the heavy of this year Benj. Doolittle, Josiah Nichol— governmental taxation, necessitated by the Thomas Todd, Jonathan and William Tres- expenses of the Revolution, just concluded. cott had all obtained the right of proprietor- This consideration, together with the strength ship. It is difficult to trace the history of •and efficiency of the state government, and these early pioneers, inasmuch as most of the cheapness of lands, induced a large them removed to other settlements, and of immigration of young and enterprising men, those who remained no very reliable record who came up to clear her forests and settle can be found. The two Trescotts lived and within her borders. Such were the men died in this vicinity. Jonathan, on a certain whose axes first rang in the wood lands of occasion, sent out the following ^'Friendly " St. Johnsbury. Earnest, hardy, and vigor- Salutation ous, they sought not the refinements of " Know all men by these lines, that th ST. JOHNSBURY. 391 undersigner is expecting to leave tliis coun- do nothing to its advantage. I have it from try, .and wishes all his friends, or foes the friends of New York, that a new state if any, to call on him by the 20th May will probably be formed on Connecticut instant, and he will endeavor to make them River, having for its western line the Green satisfaction. Sheriffs, Constables and Law- mountains, and its eastern they care not yers are desired to make their demands or where. I think it would not be amiss to otherwise hold their peace. Adieu ! Wish- suggest to the friends of New Hampshire, ing all, God's blessing here on earth, and that New York policy will probably set such eternal life hereafter, when I hope to meet a project on foot (if Vermont is not sup- you all again. Jonathan Teescott." ported in her present claims), in order to He died at the age of 88, and from the secure the land west of the mountains and rough hewn stone which marks his resting on the lake to themselves at Hampshire's ing place in the cemetery, we learn that expense—and that as the only sure means "He was one of the first settlers in town, of preventing such an event, it is the policy being the seventh inhabitant." His brother of the latter to concede in the clearest and William died in a kind of subterranean ha- most decided manner to Vermont's independ- bitation near Joe's pond in Danville. He ence. Propositions, I doubt not, have was something of a hero in his day as we passed between some individuals of your shall find in a subsequent part of this nar- state and New York to divide Vermont be- rative. tween them by the height of land, but from A winter of primitive simplicity was that what I can discover, it will be dangerous for of 1786-7 in St. Johnsbury. A great set- New Hampshire to depend on such a di- tlement had not as yet sprung up on the vision ; and if New York agrees to it, I ruins of Dunmore. To the few and scattered think it must be with a view to effect a families who braved out the first winter in future division of your state. I am the this wilderness, the distant stores and grist more confirmed in this opinion from senti- mills of Barnet, furnished rum, sugar and ments discoverable in the persons lately flour. No bridge had been erected, no roads banished from Vermont, viz : Phelps and his established, and the lines of travel were as companion, who are now in this city, and yet but rough cut sled paths through the who are daily and nightly propagating every "forest primeval." false and scandalous rumor that malice can Eai'ly in the spring of 1787, came Jona- invent to injure the people of that country, than Arnold, Joseph Lord, and Barnabas who have no agent or other person to con- Barker, with 14 others. Dr. Arnold, the prin- tradict them. I must therefore again repeat, cipal proprietor of the three towns Lyndon, that New Hampshire can only be safe in Billymead and St. Johnsbury, was much the holding jurisdiction to the river—by leaving most efficient and enterprising man among Vermont to its present limits, Indcpe.ndent." the settlers of this vicinity. He was now in If Dr. Arnold anticipated at this time his 46th year, and had already seen much a future settlement in Vermont, he was well of ^public life both in state and national aware that his own interest would be fur- assemblies. For several years he was a thered by the indepehdence of the state, member of congress from Rhode Island, and without regard to the policy of New Hamp- while serving in this capacity, he was sus- shire ; but it is more probable that as a true pected by many of being over friendly to patriot and a disinterested observer of the the interests of Vermont, and in particular, struggles which he here witnessed for free- of communicating to men in this state cer- dom, he threw his influence and sympathies tain doings of the continental congress in favor of the oppressed. It was shortly while in secret session. The following ex- after the close of his term in congress that tracts from a letter addressed to Hon. Daniel Dr. Arnold immigrated to St. Johnsbury. Gaboon of New Hampshire (afterwards a He had served as a sergeant and surgeon in a resident of Lyndon), indicate the position the Revolutionary war, and received his com- of Dr. Arnold, respecting the affairs of pensation in continental money, which he Vermont ; but whether he advocates the in- desired to invest in landed property. We dependence of the state solely as a safety learn however, that a few years after his measure for New Hampshire, may be doubt- removal here, the state effected a trade with ed. He says, writing from Philadelphia : Arnold, according to which he was to supply " Co'ngress has been on the aifair of Ver- the medical chest of the state which was mont for several days, and upon the whole, kept at Bennington, and receive in com- s appears that the present members will pensation his charter fees. The value of : : 392 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. these charter fees may be determined from a your supplies for surveying that quarter. I resolution passed in council at R,utland, enclose a sketch of the manner which I tliink Oct. 27, 1786, in which it is declared that will lay the lots to best advantage in St. the '* grant of land made to Jonathan Arnold Johnsbury—if you can better it, you Avill. I and associates, be under the following terms, am the less anxious about matters there, viz: That each proprietor agreeable to the from having the fullest confidence in your grant, pay for each right in said grant, nine ability, will and friendship. Desiring you pounds hard money, on or before the first to make my compliments agreeable to all day of June next, in order to be appropriat- friends in that quarter, I am sir, with esteem, ed to the exigencifes of the state." Subse- your assured friend and humble servant. quently, the sum of £537 13s. 7c?. was dis- JoNA. Aknold. counted on the charter fees of St. Johnsbury Squire Whitelaw was subsequently ap- and Danville, being due bills given by Sur- pointed surveyor general, and from his Field veyor General Whitelaw for services ren- Book of Surveys of Town Lines in St. Johnsbury dered in the town surveys. The survey of we extract the following as a specimen of the the lot lines and the division of the town- manner .in which he filled some forty or fifty ship into rights, was not completed until the pages of the journal while surveying in this sutamer of 1787, as we learn from a call for quarter proprietors' meeting, published in the Ben- " Began the W line of St. J. at NW being nington Gazette, and also from a letter ad- Birch tree marked Lyndon SW corner Nov. dressed by Dr. Arnold to Esquire Whitelaw, 16, 1786, and ran S 6°, 20^ E. At 18 Ch. the surveyor. This letter which was dated brook 10 links wide runs SW. At 63 Ch. at Bennington March 8th, 1787, runs as fol- little brook runs W. 1 3Iile, on W. branch lows: of brook 10 links wide running S. Easterly by an Alder marked M. 1, 1787, and an alder James Whitelaw, Esq. : 40° Sir—The surveyor general has appointed meadow (m) 2 3Iiles, a stake 12 links S. me to look out, cut and make a road from W. fr. a fir tree on land descending east (g) the west line of St. Johnsbury, beginning the wood elm, fir, beech, ash and maple, ex- where Capt. Leavenworth ends the road he cellent land for grass. At 8 Ch. a stream 3 rods * * * 7 Miles, stake is to make through Danville, and thence wide runs NE. a crossing the Passumpsic river at (or as near 8 links westerly fr. a little birch on the south side of a hill this mile chiefly — as the land will suit), the best falls in the (g) — uneven the wood beech and maple, good for grain said river, which I suppose is between Cole's and Adams [now Paddock's village], thence and pasture ; at 51 Ch. Barnet Corner at a hemlock tree marked Barnet Cor. March 23, on a course which will bring it through standing on flat land on the edge of some part of the gore east of Lyndon, to the 1784, brook running SE. wood chiefly hemlock west line of Lunenburg—which road will (g) lot St. J. 310 A. 1 R. 22 P." not only be necessary for facilitating the A in a later date, and after the surveys transport of provisions for the surveyors Under of and lot lines had been completed, and their parties, but will serve valuable town we the account of James Whitelaw against purposes for general roads in that part of find as presented to the treasurer for the state. The siirveyor general having also the state consented that you should complete the out- settlement ; from a portion of this account we lines of St. Johnsbury, and lay the same quote as follows into lots of 300 acres each before you enter To Provisions and assistance fur- upon the general survey, I am to desire nished by Dr. Jona. Arnold, . £52 4 5J you to get Josiah Nichols and Martin Adams To 1 Quart of Rum, . , 10 to assist you to make the same, which I To 7 Males' Victuals at lOd, . 5 10 would wish to be done plain and distinct ; and To 10 Days surveying. . . 6 if Mr. Adams or Nichols can not attend to To 2 Days settling acc'ts with that service, the old gentleman, or Mr. Jona. Arnold, Esq., . .14 Simeon Cole may be applied to, although I To a man and horse 1 Day, . 6 hope and expect that Mr. Cole will be other- To 2 Camp Kettles, . . .080 wise engaged for me at that time. You will To 1 Quart West India Rum, . 2 please call on Mr. E. R. Chamberlin for pork To 3 males' victuals at lOd, . 2 6 and flour for this service, and get some rum To Entertainment (?) for Hands, 0-10 from Col. Thos. Johnston. I hope to be with To 2 Bags worn out in the Sur- 12 you early in May, ^nd fix the magazine for veys, : ST. JOHNSBURY. 393 To Dr. Arnold's Account, . £118 5 OJ of Jonathan Arnold, Esq., in the said Town- To 7 lbs. Salt Pork of Capt. Colt ship, in the Co. of Orange, on the 18th Day and 2 Galls. Rum, . . . 17 of June, A. D. 1787, Alex. Harvey, Esq., was To 35 Days Surveying, . . 21 chosen Moderator, Dr. Joseph Lord, Pro- To 4 Days making Plan to lay prietors' Clerk. Voted, that the several before Commissioners ap- rights in said Township (exclusive of two pointed to locate the Flying Lots of One-Third Right each to the 10 per- Grants, 2 8 sons who had entered the town in 1786 and A single tradition in connection with the who were admitted as Proprietors by reason surveys of this town, although it occurred at of actual settlement — also one Full right for a later date, is perhaps worthy of mention. building mills in said Township and Five Dr. Arnold was in town at the time, and in public Rights, all which said Rights are lo- company with Squire Whitelaw and others, cated and designated on the said Plan) be was laying out certain lines in the vicinity now drafted for." of Sleeper's River, then known as West Thereupon Alex. Harvey, Jos. Lord and Branch. The provisions and equipments Enos Stevens, were authorized to prepare of the party were left in charge of Thomas lots with numbers affixed, the same to be Todd, who was instructed to keep a careful shuffled and drawn against each proprietor's watch over the same, while the others pe- name. Dan'l Cahoon, Jr., and William Tres- netrated into the forest to finish their sur- cott " in presence of and under superintend- veys. Meantime Todd removed his effects ance of the Assembly, made draft of the lots, from the bushes to the river bank, and on and in the said draft the lots came out to the return of the party was found rolled up each proprietor's name" in the order record- against a log and fast asleep. "Hencefoward," ed in the proprietors' record book. said Dr. Arnold, "let the West Branch be The " one full right" which was reserved known as Sleeper's River,'' and to this day according to charter for building mills, was its waters flow along the sandy bed whose located on the Passumpsic at the most avail- name recalls this legend of our " Sleepy Hol- able place for water-power, just above the low." mouth of Moose River. This property in- After the settlement and before the organ- cluding about three hundred acres was as- ization of the town in 1790, all matters of signed to Dr. Arnold, and during the spring township business were transacted in pro- of '87 he put up a saw mill. The following prietor's meetings held at some one of the year a grist mill was erected, and the busi- houses in the town. In the Bennington Gazette, ness importance of the settlement largely vol. 4, No. 182, we find an advertisement increased. These were days when our mo- signed by Isaac Tichenor, afterwards go- dern Paddock village was known as "Ar- vernor of the state, in which the " Proprie- nold's Mills," and before the "big moose" tors of St. Johnsbury are warned and notified which was afterwards victimized on the bank to meet on the eighth Feb., 1787, for the of East Branch, had left to that dashing purpose of choosing committees to complete stream a more historic name. The house of the division of lands then undivided in the Dr. Arnold was located in the wood lands at township — to hear report of committee ap- the northern extremity of the plain, just above pointed to settle with new residents in town- the park which still bears the family name. ship — to make provision for erecting mills The erection of this house began the settle- in the course of the ensuing summer — to ment of the plain, and within its walls, dur- take measures for the furtherance of the set- ing succeeding generations, no less than tlement, and transact other business deemed seven several families found a home, and last necessary." It is doubtful whether this of all the owl and the bat. We could wish meeting was ever called to order, and if it that the " boys " who in 184- brought down was, probably no business of importance was its old timbers with fire, to the ground, had transacted, as no record of proceedings can reserved their torches until some artist could be found. Another meeting was called in have sketched the "rough exterior" of the the June following, and in the meantime Dr. first frame house erected in St. Johnsbui'y. Arnold had removed to the township and To this house it was that Dr. Arnold car- erected a house, as we infer from the follow- ried home his third wife, Cynthia Hastings. ing minutes, taken from the first page of the Now the way in which Cynthia came to be . town records the wife of the doctor was as follows : On a "At a meeting of the Proprietors of the certain occasion the latter was journeying Township of St. Johnsbui-y held at the House down the river, and quartered for the night : 894 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. with one Enos Stevens of Barnet. In the land in 1841-42, member of governor's coun- course of the evening it vi^as determined vpith cil during the Dorr rebellion, member of great unanimity of feeling that their condi- congress in 1845-47, and died at Kingston tion bore a forlorn resemblance to that of the June 27th, 1852. We learn from the poli- old Piomans before the visit of the Sabines — tical journals of the day that Mr. Arnold met pioneers in a new settlement and hopelessly with some opposition while a candidate for destitute of wives. Nothing could be done the office of governor. " During the canvass to remedy the matter in this northern wilder- and in the heart of the electioneering cam- ness ; accordingly an expedition to Charles- paign conducted upon the high pressure ton "No. 4" (N. H.) was immediately plan- principle, a zealous Jackson man lustily ac- ned, to take effect on the morrow, the object cused Mr. Arnold of the enormous crime of being to spy out the available daughters of having been born in Vermont ! " Thereupon the land. Arrived in Charleston they called a question arose, as to whether a man could on Samuel Stevens, Esq., and made known be held accountable for being born in any their wishes. After some consultation in- particular age or country. This kind of ac- vitations were issued to Cynthia Hastings countability was hardly recognized in the and Sophy Grout requesting their company political creed of the Green Mountain boys, at tea, it being understood by the contrivers and does not appear to have been sanctioned of this plot, that the two strangers from Ver- by the sons of Rhode Island, for Mr. Arnold, mont should accompany them back to their notwithstanding he was born " way up in homes. In anticipation of a possible emer- Vermont," was elected by a decided majo- gency it was judged advisable that Mrs. rity, and did honor both to the state of his Squire West should also be in attendance to birth and the state of his adoption. play the part of umpire in case both gentle- After the mills were established, the rights men should claim the same lady. Tea time assigned, and the settlement of the town arrived, and so did the unsuspecting maidens. fairly under way, the population increased The evening passed, but when the hour of rapidly by immigration from the south. departure came, Cynthia Hastings seemed to Most of the new comers were citizens Of be in double demand. The ladies still re- New Hampshire, Massachusetts or Rhode mained in blissful ignorance of the conspira- Island. No regular record of marriages, cy. Mrs. Squire West was called for, and births and deaths was kept, until after the constituted referee. She very sagely argued organization of the town, in 1790. The that Sophy Grout was admirably adapted to marriage service was commonly performed be the companion of a farmer (Mr. Stevens by Dr. Arnold, the first on record being that was a tiller of the soil), but as for Cynthia it of Eneas Harvey and Rhoda Hamlet, who was much more suitable that she should be " Avere married 17th Jany., 1793, by Jonathan attended by a professional man. This wise Arnold, Esquire, in presence of several wit- decision of Mrs. Squire West (especially nesses." The earliest recorded births are grateful to Dr. Arnold), prevailed, and before those of Polly, daughter of David Doolittle, separating that night each of the gentlemen Dec. 14, 1789 ; and Polly, daughter of John from the north made known to parties most McGaffey, Aug. 28, 1788. About this time concerned the special object of their visit to a tax was imposed on the township to raise Charleston. Sophy Grout suffered somewhat funds for the purpose of procuring a record from paternal interference, grounded on the book, wherein such interesting events might fact that Stevens was a tory, but she was subsequently be preserved. Something of finally told that if she icould marry an old the condition of the town in the third year tory she might, only she should carry nothing of its existence, maybe gathered from the from the ancestral domain but herself and a following petition presented to the general cow. A few days later the afflicted Grout assembly by Dr. Arnold, the original of family witnessed the departure of Sophy and which is in the state department at Mont- the old cow with a tory. The doctor expe- pelier riencing less difficulty in preliminary ar- " To the Hon. Gen. Assembly of the State rangements, went foward to Rhode Island of Vt., convened Oct. 1789. The subscriber where he remained a few days, and on his humbly showeth—That he hath with great return was accompanied to St. Johnsbury by difficulty and expense begun a settlement in the aforesaid Cynthia of Charleston. She the northern part of this state. That he became the mother of Lemuel Hastings Ar- hath since the 25th April, 1787, introduced ' nold, who was born at St. Johnsbury, edu- more than Fifty Industrious men as settlers cated at Providence, governor of Rhode Is- (which number would have been much : : — ST. JOHNSBURY. 395 greater, but for the scarcity of Provisions by Capt. Lovell for a debt. His reply states in that Country), and some of whom have "that he had just hoed in three acres of families now there. That a principal diffi- wheat, a few potatoes and some barley, culty we have had to encounter, hath origin- which was all the property he had in the ated from the want of passable roads to the world, save flint, powder and gun. He pro- Townships by which we are planted, and poses to set out on a hunt the following day, which we have had no means of procuring and if Providence is pleased to give him to be made. And this difficulty is still like- usual success, he pledges within a limited ly to continue, unless by the interposition time to redeem his credit with furs." of your Honors we are relieved." For many years moose were abundant, The location of the contemplated roads is and contributed much toward supplying the then desci-ibed, the principal one being wants of the settlers. How Daniel Hall, in through Barnet, corner of Waterford, St. 1793, gat for himself the necessaries of life, Jobnsbury, Lyndon, &c., which is now the and the name of a mighty hunter, may be regular river road. gathered from the following notes, inserted Doubtless the scarcity of provisions al- as they were taken from the narrator luded to in the above, petition, resulted "Hall had grant of land from Dr. Ar- chiefly from the want of roads and suitable nold—hundred acres—in St. Johnsbury conveyances ; and this indeed might have west of Passumpsic—above Plain—by mis- been expected in days when meji carried the take, deed not given — next year Doctor necessaries of iife on their backs for miles dies—alarming apprehensions—Hall applies through the forest. to Josias Lyndon — son of Doctor — J. L. It is said that the old pioneer, who was gives him hundred acres—up in Lyndon afterwards elected first representative to the Hall satisfied — next morning up early — state assembly, used to make periodic jour- packs wife and goods on hand sled—travels neys on foot to Barnet, and return with a to Lyndon —on crust — unpacks wife and two bushel bag of grain on his back, and a goods—builds fire—sets up wigwam—moves galUon of rum in his hand. Of course the in wife and goods—all settled—sundown measurement of the latter was taken at Next morning, nothing to eat—takes gun Barnet. Another illustrative tale is told of sallies into forest — tracks a moose — big a certain eccentric individual, who bought one—shoots moose—skins thigh—cuts out a bag of potatoes " down below," and hav- steak—carries home—wife delighted—heard ing with the assistance of two or three able gun go ofi" — thought breakfast coming — bodied men, secured the same upon his back, roasts meat on forked stick—eats—no but- set out for St. Johnsbury. Unfortunately ter, pepper, salt—after breakfast calls up and greatly to his dismay, a small rent in all neighbors—they skin moose—each takes the corner of the bag, became so enlarged a piece—Hall gets out hand sled—loads on in the course of the homeward trip, as to moose meat and pelt—goes to St. Johns- permit the escape of one of the esculents, bury— trades — gets three pecks potatoes, and how to recover this was a problem half bushel meal, peck salt—carries home which gave ample scope to his available to wife—wife delighted—sundown." eccentricity. Fearing to stoop, lest the In the year 1790, the first town meeting weight of the bag should prevent his subse- was held at Dr. Arnold's house, and the quent perpendiculai'ity, and unwilling to organization of the town eifected. The re- lose so dainty a morsel, he proceeded to cord of this meeting stands as follows Inflict upon the said potato sundry well-di- "At a meeting of the Inhabitants of the vected kicks, which in due time propelled it Township of St. Johnsbury, legally warned with variable velocities to the floor of his and holden at the Dwelling house of Jona- kitchen, whence it met its appropriate fate. than Arnold Esquire, in the said township, For the authenticity of the above we are on Monday the 21st day of June, Anno incompetent to vouch, but we accept it as a Dom. 1790, being the first town meeting practical treatise on the times. Probably ever held in the said Town. very few of the early settlers were burdened Jonathan Arnold, Esq., was chosen Mode- Arnold, Town Clerk ; Jona- with a surplus of hard money. Wild meat, rator ; Jonathan grain and furs were the legal tender. A than Adams, Town Treasurer ; Asa Daggett, Daggett, Collector of letter has been found, written by one Mer- Constable ; Asa Taxes ; ritt, who lived iii the south part of the town Jonathan Arnold, Sealer of Weights and a year or two after the settlement was Measures ; Joel Roberts, Joseph Lord, Mar- begun. It seems that he had been dunned tin Adams, Selectmen ; The Selectmen, List- 396 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ers and Assessors ; Barnabas Barker and across the East Branch or MoDse River near Four others, Surveyors of Highways and its mouth, and six pence per rod for com- Fence Viewers. Meeting Dissolved. pleting a road (1 rod wide) from one bridge JoNA. Arnold, Town Clerk. to the other." Jonathan Arnold undertook The selectmen immediately proceeded with the job, and in building the first bridge, the duties of their office, and sent up to the " tradition says that his inflexible will com- assembly an urgent petition for roads, in pelled the workmen to commence the plank- which it is ing at the opposite end from which the " Humbly shewn—that they suffer under plank were, so that they were compelled to great inconvenience from the want of Roads convey all the plank across the river as best and Bridges in the Township of St. Johns- they might, instead of laying them down in bury, and although the Inhabitants have advance of their own steps." During this exerted themselves equal at least to those of year, 1790, the plain was mostly cleared of its forests, any new Settlement, and have also had the and contained three habitations ; Assistance of a small Proprietor's tax; the Dr. Arnold's at the northern extremity, Jo- whole is utterly inadequate to what is abso- seph Lord's log hut at the southern, and a lutely necessary for their convenience,^ the rude cabin on the site now occupied by the advantage of Land Owners, and the Interest St. Johnsbury House. A road was cut of the State. For the circumstances of the across the plain, corresponding to Main Town is such as requires much mor^ to be street as it, now lies—charred stumps on expended for such purposes than falls to the either side and dense woods beyond. A Lot of such Townships in General, it being ravine about 20 feet deep ran across the so Situate as to be the Key to a very fertile street near the corner of Church street, Country northward, and the only practica- which was afterwards spanned by a dry ble and nearest communication between the bridge. By especial vote, and at expense towns on and about the Onion River, to of the township, a guide-post had been Connecticutt at the Upper Coos erected. The population of the town was those on the ; 148 list, first which render necessary an extent of about ; grand $590 ; freeman's meet- 35 miles of Roads for general purposes, be- ing was held Sept. 26th, 1791, and Joel sides many others for more private and par- Roberts was elected representative of the ticular uses therein. And the said Town- town in state assembly. His certificate, ship having nearly through its center from which is preserved in the secretary of North to South the Passumpsick, a River state's office, runs as follows: about 12 rods wide, and on the East part the " This certifies that at the Freeman's Meet- Moose River about 6 rods wide, and runs ing in St. Johnsbury on the day assigned by therein an extent of about 5 miles, and on law, Mr. Joel Roberts was Chosen to Repre- the West part the Sleepers River about 4 sent in the General Assembly of the State rods wide, and runs therein an extent of of Vt. for the year thence ensuing, the Town about 7 miles—requires a large number of of St. Johnsbury aforesaid. Bridges, two at least on the Passumpsick, "Attest, Asa Daggett, Constable. one near the Mills, and the other near the "St. J., Sept. 26, 1791."^ The first freemen's oaths taken in St. North line of the said Township ; two on Moose River, and three at least on Sleepers Johnsbury were administered on the 2d Sept. River. Wherefore your Petitioners humbly 1794. Only one of the eleven young men pray Your Honors for leave to bring in a who on that day first exercised their elective Tax of 4 pence per acre on the lands in St. franchise, is still living, and he, through the J. for the purpose aforesaid. And as in duty infirmities of three score and thirty years, bound will ever respectfully pray." but faintly recalls the scene. On the same Signed, &c., by Selectmen. hills where, in 1791, he began his clearings, To this petition were also affixed the signa- Mr. Goss, our oldest citizen, is still residing, tures of Jonathan Arnold, Joseph Fay, Enos and the beautiful valley which his axe first Stevens and Thomas Chittenden, as pro- opened along the upper waters of Sleeper's prietors, to the amount of 32 rights, joining River, preserves the memory of his labors in in the prayer of the petition ; and upon the the name of "Goss Hollow." The freemen's 30th .lune following, we find that the com- oaths alluded to were taken by John Barker, mittee appointed by legislature for laying •Jeriah Hawkins, P. Gardner, Moses Melvin, out and making these roads in St. Johns- David Goss, Wm. Hawkins, B. Bradley, bury, "allowed £30 for Bridge over the Steph. Houghton, Nath. Daggett, Danl. Pass. River at the Mills — £20 for ditto Smith and Nath. H. Bishop. On the same : ST. JOHNSBURY. 397 clay, was held the first recorded election for reported to have been cast in Scotland. The governor, with the following result first clock in St. Johnsbury was purchased For Governor. —Nathaniel Niles had 16 before 1800, by Nath. Edson in Danville, for votes, Thomas Chittenden 8 votes, Isaac $75, and is still to be seen in running order Tichenor 6 votes. at the house of Mrs. J. Clark on the Plain. For Lieut. Governor. —Jona. Hunt, had 30 It is one of those lofty relics of antiquity votes, Nath. Niles 1 vote. which used to stand guard in the corners of For Treasurer. —Saml. Mattocks, had 23 old kitchens, surmounted with brazen balls, votes. and the moon's disc. It was on the lawn In the state election for this year, Thomas fronting Edson's house (now Mr. Butler's), Chittenden was for the 17th time elected that the first public muster and training was Governor, Jonathan Hunt Lieut. Governor, held. A few years after when Edson was and Samuel Mattocks Treasurer. preparing to remove to the west, he expe- The first hog constables in the town were rienced some difficulty in making his exit James Thurber, James Wheaton, Mai'tin from the town. His wagon was packed up Wheeler, Eneas Harvey and Alpheus Hough- with moveable property, ready for an early ton, elected on the first Monday of March, start on a certain morning, but during the 1793, and as record declares "all married night some mischievous person purloined within the year last past." The first mer- one of the wagon wheels, rendering it im- chant in St. Johnsbiiry was a Mr. Sumner, possible to proceed. The vexation of the who, about 1794 or '5 opened a store in the Edson family was great, for it was not until house of Jonathan Trescott, which stood on two or three days had passed that the wheel the road to Passumpsic, just below the was found, buried in a thistle bed half a mile county fair grounds. Afterwards Stephen from the house ; and this vexation was Hawkins and Reuben Alexander came from greatly increased when it was discovered Winchester, and commenced trade about that a vast multitude of spectators had assem- 1798. Hawkins married a daughter of Capt. bled on the Plain to witness the progress of Arnold the miller. This Arnold was an old a wagon that had gained so much notoriety. sea captain, a brother of Dr. Jonathan, and This same man subscribed in company with was the first person employed to tend the one of his neighbors for Spooner's Vermont gristmill. His successor was Daniel Bowen, Journal, which Avas the first paper that cir- who lived in a rude hut by the corner of the culated in this part of the state. As one of bridge at the rail road crossing, which was them lived away from the main road, it was the first house built in that village. The proposed that all the papers be left at first store kept on the Plain was opened by Edson's house until the end of the year, and Fred. Phelps as early as the year 1800, at then equally divided between the two. the north end of the street. He carried on a Among the earliest lawyers in St. Johnsbury potash factory near the mills, which was af- were Lyndon Arnold, Goodhue, Bissel, Dorr, terwards converted into a distillei-y of whis- and Gov. William A. Palmer. The row of key. Amaziah D. Barber kept a store some- maple trees front of the court house and what later near the head of Maple street, along the east side of the street were set out which was subsequently occupied by Cham- by Gov. Palmer, who brought them all out bei'lin & Paddock, afterwards fitted up as a of the woods on his back as early as 1805. house of worship for the Second Congrega- He died in Danville, December, 1860. Hon. tional Church, then in its infancy, and fi- Ephraim Paddock is the first lawyer that can nally moved to its present location nearly be said to have had a permanent residence opposite the post ofiice, where it is still in St. Johnsbui-y. Very soon after the "st- occupied as a dwelling house. The first tlement of the town, Joel Roberts, Gardiner public house or tavern was opened by Dr. Wheeler, Ariel Aldrich and Martin Wheeler, Lord soon after the settlement of the town, each purchased a 100-acre lot about two at the southern extremity of the Plain. In miles north west of the Plain. They com- 1799, the building now occupied as a bakery menced clearing at the same point which was built and opened as a tavern by Maj. Avas the common corner of the four lots, and Thomas Peck. It is said that Dr. Lord, after in process of time the title " Four Corners," he had erected his great two story red house, which was at first applied to this clearing distinguished himself and astonished his simply, came to embrace the whole region neighbors by importing from Montreal an now known by that name, and where the enormous metallic structure, known as. the descendants of the original propi-ietors are first cooking stove brought into town. It is still residing. ; ; ; 398 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. About three years after its organization, had given splendid proofs of his practical the town was deprived of its most efficient talents, and acquired the reputation of un- leader in the death of Dr. Jonathan Arnold. common attainments in all the ornamental He had risen rapidly in public estimation, and useful branches of literature. His ac- and was regarded by all as one of the most quaintance with the Greek and Latin classics able men in this section of the state. The and the best English writers in history and following notice of Dr. Arnold's death is belles-letters was intimate ; with the vernac- quoted from a series of letters published in ular and learned languages he was familiar London, about 1797. " The first principal and critical. With an imagination bold and inhabitant and proprietor of St. Johnsbury, fruitful, he possessed an understanding cool Vt., was the truly patriotic and learned Dr. and discriminating ; and while indulging the Jonathan Arnold, who is now no more. The fanciful flights of the muse, he was equal to Doctor emigrated from Providence in the the calm discussions of reason. No man was state of Rhode Island. How sincerely his better calculated to command the voice of death is lamented, those only who had the popular applause. No one of his age re- happiness of knowing him can tell. His son ceived more flattei'ing proofs of public appro- (Josias Lyndon) was bred to the law, to probation. He was an early candidate for which profession he does honor. His attain- fame. His political prospects were bright ments are great. With the Greek and and promising, and few had stronger rea- Roman authors he is familiar, and however sons for attachment to life ; but alas ! the strange it may appear, perhaps Mr. Arnold strength of his constitution was unequal to is the only person in Vermont who is perfect the vigor of his mind." As representative master of the French language, and who of Mr. Arnold's versification, we quote the speaks it in its utmost purity. Saint Johns- following bury lies on the Passumpsic river, and to Lines on a Young Lady embarhincf for a Sea this town is attached some of the best land Voyage. in the whole state." From one who was for hushed forbear to roar more than half a century an active citizen of Ye winds be — nor proudly lash the shore the town, we learn that the Doctor was a Ye waves, in silence sleep, strong minded independent man. Yet acces- Be hush'd, ye storms, destructive o'er the deep. sible and companionable, but in St. Johns- Nor rage and at her side, bury always maintaining a complete ascend- AsPASiA sails — Beauties on the ocean ride. ancy over all about him. He was a member The of the governor's council at the time of his Rise, Neptune, from thy coral bed, death. On a marble slab in the cemetery And lift on high thy peaceful head overlooking the valley of the Passumpsic and Calm with thy rod the raging main. the beautiful village he founded, we read the Or bid the billows rage in vain. " simple inscription : Hon. Jonathan Arnold, AsPASiA sails — and at her side died Feb. 1st, 1793, Aged 52." The Graces on the ocean ride. After the death of the Doctor, his eldest Attendants of the watery god. son Josias Lyndon, referred to in the above Ye Tritons, leave your green abode quotation, removed from Rhode Island and Ye Nereids, with your flowing hair. settled in St. Johnsbury. His career was Arise, and make the nymph your care. short, although uncommonly brilliant in AsPASiA sails — and at her side prospect. He was graduated at Dartmouth The 3Iuses on the ocean ride. College with high honors in the class of 1788, Thou sea-born Venus, from thine isle, admitted to the bar of Rhode Island—elected Propitious on this voyage smile a tutor in Brown University—received in '91 ; Already anxious for the fair, the degree of A. M., from Brown, and was Thy winged son prefers his prayer. admitted ad eundem at Dartmouth and Yale. AsPASiA sails — and at her side He removed to Vermont in 1793, married The Loves upon the ocean ride. Miss Susan Perkins of Plainfield, Ct., and died June 7, 1796, aged 28. The year fol- Let ALL attend — and bid the breeze lowing Arnold's death a small volume was Blow softly — bid the swelling seas published in Providence, entitled, Poems Swell gently — for such worth before, by the late Josias Lyndon Arnold, Esq., of The ocean's bosom never bore. St. Johnsbury, Vermont. From the preface AsPASiA sails — and at her side to this volume we make the following ex- The Virtues on the ocean ride. tract: " Mr. Arnold, before leaving college, July 22, 1791. ; ST. JOHNSBURY. The following lines have perhaps more have controlled and superintended the build- local interest than intrinsic merit, being a ing up of the village. brief extract from In turning over the early records of our town clerks, we find the business transac- An Ode Written on the Banks of Pas- tions of town and freemen's meetings to sumpsic River, in September 1790. have partaken largely of the miscellaneous. Passumpsick, hail! who glid'st along These meetings were commonly held at the Unknown to melody and song, dwelling house of Dr. Arnold until his death, after which they were "held around." Reflecting in thy watery glass Sometimes they convened at Nathaniel Ed- Wide spreading elms, . . • . son's barn, and sometimes in the new dwell- pines that kiss the ambient sky. And ing house of the said Edson. In 1798, it Thy stream which runs like Fancy's child. was unanimously "voted, that the town will Irregular and sweetly wild. agree to hold their meetings at Asquire Oft on its margin has beheld. Edson's house in future." Apprehending train, The Sachem and his tawny certain contingencies however, it was judged Roll the red eye in vengeful ire. advisable to appoint a committee " to enquire And lead the captive to the fire. of the said Edson for liberty of the use of Now, fairer scenes thy banks adorn his house." This committee after a confer- Yellow wheat and waving corn ence with said Edson, reported "that the Bend in gratitude profound, said Nath. Edson gives his consent that the As yielding homage to the ground. town shall hold a meeting at his House on March next and not thereafter." Passumpsick, hail ! who glid'st along, The house The theme of many a future song. in question is the same now occupied by Had'st thou a wish, that wish would be Mr. Beaumon Butler south of Center vil- Still on thy banks such scenes to see. lage. Where innocence and peace are found. In 1792 it was " Voted, that a Bounty of While vice and tumult fill the earth $10, be paid to any Inhabitant of this around. Township who shall take track of a Wolf in town and kill the same in any part of the Mr. Arnold at the date of his death held state." the offices of town clerk and town repre- In 1795 "Voted, that a committee be ap- sentative. His widow, Mrs. Susan P. Ar- pointed to procure powder and lead if nold, afterwards re-married, and was the necessary. mother of the Hon. Geo. P. Marsh of this Voted, that the town be districted for state. schools, and that the Selectmen be com- An old chronicler, who half a century ago mittee for the said purpose." was recording passing events, makes the 1796, "Voted, that Surveyors of Highways following allusion to the death of the Ar- shall see that Canada thistles are cut in the nolds : season directed or complain. "The father had chosen for his family "Voted, that the Selectmen shall take in- seat, a plain near the south part of the town. voice of ye rateable properties by going to The son occupied the same. They looked to their several dwellings." that spot as the seat of the future village. 1797, " Voted, that Henry ITofiFman have Every thing was favorable. The leading the Improvement of the Burial Yard in the roads almost unavoidably centered there. South Parish in St. Johnsbury (Plain), pro- The situation was favorable for building. vided he clear the same, and does not inter- On its border were excellent seats for mills, fere with the use heretofore made thereof, and all kinds of machinery requiring the aid until such time as the said town shall put of water. The short life of the father, and the said land to some other use." still shorter of the son blasted all these pro- 1798, " Voted, to dispense M'ith such part spects, and destroyed the design of the Doc- of the fine imposed on John K—t for theft, tor, which was to build up a city around as belongs to the town of St. Johnsbury." him." 1799, " Voted, that Nath. Edson receive It is further stated that Dr. Arnold in- from the town $70 in grain, for the use and tended to have parceled out the Plain lands trouble of his house." into "small lots, sufficiently large for gar- 1800, " Voted, that Hogs shall not run at den and necessary buildings," allowing no large daring the ensuing year." one more than one or two lots, and thus to Sheep, cattle and swine had for the most : ; : 400 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. part, been suffered to ramble at large. So and immigration for the first five years after long as this was the case, it became neces- settlement of the town was not far from 50 sary for each animal to submit to the process a year or 250 in all. The exact number is of marking, which operation generally in- not known. volved the mutilation of one or both ears. As yet no established post roads had been We find the following "cattle ma.rks" re- constructed, and the arrangements for carry- " corded in 1795 : The mark of Josias L. ing mails were every way inadequate to the Arnold, Esq., is a swallow's tail in the end wants of the settlers. All the southern of the right ear, and a crop off the left ear, mails were conveyed from Barnet to St. being formerly the mark of Jonathan Arnold Johnsbury, over the hill road through his father. The mark of Barnabas Barker is Peacham and Danville. The post riders a hole through the left ear (simplex mun- made their periodic circuits on horseback, ditiis). The mark of Nathaniel Edson is a fully equipped with saddle bags and tin hole through the right ear and a slit in the horns. Prominent among these public func- same. The mark of Joseph Lord is a cut of tionaries, and well known for his daring, half an inch on the top of the right ear and was the man William Trescott. He had been about the middle thereof, anfl a half penny endowed by nature with a versatile genius. on the upper side of the left ear near the His attainments in astronomy and capacity head. Recorded March 2, 1795, J. L. for ardent spirits Avere alike immense, and Arnold, T. Clerk." his genius was especially exercised in the Before the XVIIIth century closed St. construction of almanacs and the destruc- Johnsbury had grown to be a thriving town, tion of bears. He it was, who encountered and was fast increasing in population and and vanquished Bruin on the edge of the wealth. In 1800 the town numbered 663 in- gravel bank south of the Plain. It happened habitants, and the grand list was figured at on this wise : Trescott had been employed in $8628. The table from which this list was clearing and burning over the tract of hill is made out here inserted ; probably the ten land to the south of Dr. Lord's house. The houses mentioned did not include the log fires which required "tucking up "in the cabins in which most of the settlers were evening, had excited the curiosity of a cer- quartered tain bear, who after dark, prowled out of the woods to investigate proceedings. In the Town St. Johnsbury, County of Orange. of course of their wanderings over the hill-side Grand List, A. D. 1800. Trescott and Bruin most unadvisedly met, No. of Polls, . 124 ; Assessment, $2480.00 each being astonished at seeing in the dark- " No. a. imp. land, 1059 1853.25 ness an undefined phenomenon standing ou of " 61.00 No. Houses, 10; two feet. No very considerable space of time Other property to value of, . . . 5754.00 elapsed before an acquaintance was effected, and warmly embracing each other, the two $10,148.25 rolled in alternate victory and defeat down Deduct 76 Militia Polls, assessed at 1,520.00 the hill-side, until cradled in the hollow of do Horses of Cavalry, none. an uprooted stump. Trescott was now un- Bal., or true list for State Taxes, $8628.25 derneath, uninjured and unterrified. His right hand was free, with which he straight- To show the comparative increase of pro- way produced a knife from his pocket, and perty in the town, a table of grand lists is after opening the blade of the same with his here quoted from the date of organization teeth, applied it with fatal effect to the jugu- down to the year 1800 lar vein of the quadruped. Thus ended the 1790, . . $408.10 1796, . $1415.10 bear meantime had suffered tragedy ; but the 1791, . . 590.00 1797, . . 6295.25 untold agonies from the incessant worrying 1792, . . 863.15 1798, . . 7286.50 and yelping of Trescott's dog, and it is said 1793, . . 1033.15 1799, . . 7261.75 that the personal comfort of both combat- 1794, . . 1200.00 1800, . . 8628.25 ants had been seriously endangered by the . . 1500.00 1795, showers of fire brands that came blazing In the year 1797, St. Johnsbury was set down the hill-side at the instigation of a cer- off from Orange county, and with eighteen tain terrified youth above. Now in giving others united to form the neAV county of Ca- the minor particulars of this transaction, ledonia. This year we notice an increase in authorities somewhat differ, but as to the the grand list over preceding years of nearly essential facts, that Bill Trescott met, hugged The increase of population by births and rolled down hill with a bear, and there- ST. JOHNSBURY. 401 upon instituted a course of proceedings that said Committee have Liberty to Dispose highly disgusting to the latter, all agree. of the floors of the house to individuals, in Several years after the above adventure, such a manner as they in their wisdom shall and indeed within the recollection of many Judge best, the avails of which to be appro- eye witnesses still living, a movement was priated in order to finish said house Sutible made which evinced a unanimous determina- and Convenent to attend Publict Worship in, tion on the part of the citizens, to wage a and for a Town House. On motion, voted war of extermination against the bears. that the said Committee prosead as soon as The fact that the latter had greatly multi- may be, in the line of their appointment. plied in the land, and had long waxed cor- On motion, voted to dissolve said meeting. pulent over the plundered cornfields of the Attest, Nath. Edson, T. Clerk." settlers, was regarded as ample provocation During the following year $80 more were for this belligerent movement. In due time appropriated to the same object, and in the Dr. Calvin Jewett as commander-in-chief, autumn of 1804, the building was raised. mustered all the effective forces of St. Johns- At this raising all the able bodied men and bury, who took up their fowling-pieces and boys in town were assembled. After the followed him into the haunts of the taciturn frame had been erected, a gymnastic enter- offenders. An ample range of forests was tainment was executed by Zibe Tute, who enclosed by the encompassing hosts, and the about the going down of the sun, ascended point of convergence determined upon, was one of the rafiers, stood on his head at the the steep bluff on the east bank of the Pas- end of the ridge pole, and thence, after sumpsic, opposite the bend in the river road, emptying the contents of his flask, descended midway between Center village and the Plain. with head downwards to the ground. The Hither in course of time, were gathered nine temperance reform had not yet began. distracted bears. Furthermore it is a very Tradition tells us that all the shingles used on suggestive fact, that shortly after the advent this building were taken from a single tree. of these bears over the hill-top, nine black The floor of the house was divided up into pelts might have been seen, spread out on the square pews which were characteristic the grass plat front of Edson's tavern. of olden days, 51 being placed on the lower Equally suggestive is the fact that these floor and 25 in the galleries. This building, nine pelts were " all sold off for the neces- which stood for more than 20 years the only saries of life — rum, bread and butter." meeting house in town, was built on the high Previous to the year 1800, vigorous and hill west of Center Village, in the central repeated efforts had been made by various right of the township, which had been ori- citizens of the town to establish a place of ginally alloted to Ebenezer Scott, and by public worship, or some building to answer him deeded to Lieut. Pierce, with a special the two fold purpose of a church and town reservation of 2 acres for the use of the house. It was not however until the year town. From its high and bleak location, it 1802, that the town voted an appropriation overlooked the valley of the Passumpsic, for this purpose. On the 2nd September of from Lyndon Falls, past the mouth of this year, a meeting was called " by request Moose river and Arnold's Mills to the mea- of 18 substantial freeholders," to consider dows at the mouth of the Sleeper. Within the question of building a town house. its spacious walls it received on town days " Met at the house of Lieut. Pierce, and the representatives of every family, and on made Choise of Alexander Gilchrist Mode- the sabbath the worshipers of every denomi- rator. On motion, voted to raise $850, Pay- nation. For 41 years its brown old timbers able in good wheat at the market Prise, for stood on the hill top, until in 1825 it was the purpose of building a house for holding removed to its present location in the Center town meetings — one half to be paid in the village, and as late as 1855 the lower floor Town treasury by the first of January next, was used for the accommodation of town viz : $425 at each payment. On motion, meetings. The former site is now a green voted to erect said house on a certain Peace sward, with no relic of former years, save of Land given by Lieut. Thomas Pierce for the projecting end of ledge which was known Publick use near his house in said Town. as "Whig Rock" in the days when it was On motion, voted to choose a committee of used as a rostrum for political haranguers. three to superintend building said House, The first town meeting held in this house and that Joel Roberts, Asquire Aldrich, and was on September 1, 1804. Respecting this Thomas Pierce, Esq., be the Committee, who building the following action was subse- eccepted the appointment. On motion, voted quently taken by the town ; 402 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. " Voted, that Capt. John Barney be em- 23, and the amount expended for their sup- ployed to keep the Meeting House clean, and port per annum, about $3000. that he sweep it at least twice during the It must have been after the erection of the year. meeting house and the establishment of the "Voted, that no person or persons be al- first school on the Plain, that a petition was owed to enter the Pulpit on town meeting sent in to the legislature by the land owners Days, unles speshely Directed by the town. and settlers in the west part of Littleton "Voted, that Five persons be appointed (now Waterford), praying to be set off from to Expel dogs from the Meeting House on that town and united to St. Johnsbury. For Sundays, and that they be authorized to in this petition " it is humbly shewn that the take such measures as they think proper, Inhabitants of St. Johnsbury being Organ- and that the town will indemnify them for ized, and amongst whom Law is known, and so doing." Order is duly observed, and having begun to Gen. Joel Roberts, Capt. John Barney, provide for the introduction of regular Gen. R. W. Fenton, Simeon Cobb and Abel Schools, and the Preaching of the Gospel; Shorey, were appointed dog committee, and for these reasons in an especial manner, as accepted the responsibilities of the office. well as others, we are desirous to be united One of the ways in which expenses of public with them that we and our Children may as worship were met may be gathered from the Citizens and Christians enjoy those valuable following note, in which the subscriber pro- advantages as early as may be, and which mises to pay "three midling likely ewe sheep without such Union we cannot expect to do, as to age, size and quality, on demand, and if ever, for many years." It would seem to keep the said three sheep five years, free that the Governor was not opposed to such a from expence to the said Society, and to pay change, for he states in a foot note to the the Wooll to the committee in June, and the petition that " in case the foregoing facts lambs on or Before the first day of Novem- are truly stated, he has no objection to the ber yearly. All the Wooll and all the lambs prayer of the petitioners being granted." and all the proffits arising from the said St. Johnsbury at this time was rapidly Sheep, to be laid out yearly for Congrega- improving. The publication of its weekly tional Preaching." paper, the increase in the number of its The first district school house built by the churches, and the subsequent establishment town has led a more restless career than its of the Academies, tended much to elevate predecessor the meeting house. No less than the character and influence of the place. six distinct localities on Main street have On the 3d of July, 1828, was issued at St. sustained this classic edifice. Oi-iginally it Johnsbury Plain, the first number of The stood on Main street, corner of Winter ; thence Farmer's Herald, a weekly Whig journal, it was moved southward to a place opposite edited by Dr. Luther Jewett. This publica- the Bank ;' thence northward to the foot of tion was continued about four years, when Mt. Pleasant ; thence southward to the corner the failing health of the editor caused its of Church street ; thence northward over temporary abandonment. In July of 1832, against Arnold park ; thence southward a however, it was revived by Samuel Eaton, short distance to its present location, a few Jr. , under the name of The Weekly Uessenger, hundred yards noi'th of its original site. or Connecticut and Passumpsic Valley Adver- The first school in this building which is tiser. In the course of the following year, now attached to a dwelling house, was kept the establishment passed into the hands of by Miss Rhoda Smith. Rev. Dr. Goodell of A. G. Chadwick, Esq., who commenced in Constantinople was also at one time a teacher August, 1837, and for 18 years continued the on the Plain. A few years later a small publication of The Caledonian. Since 1855, building was erected on the south side of this paper has been under the management Moose river, and was known as the Branch of Rand & Stone and Stone & Co., has nearly Bridge school house. In this house a party reached its XXVth volume, and attained a of soldiers returning from the war of 1812, circulation of about 1900 copies. were quartered for a night, making use of Jewett, the hemlock fire wood for pillows, and the De. Luther handkerchief of the mistress for bandages. Whose enterprise established and whose lite- No record of dates is found to indicate the rary talent ably sustained the first paper time when the difi^erent school houses in in St. Johnsbury, was for many years an town were erected. The present number of active and honored citizen of this town. He school districts is 17, the number of schools was born in Canterbury, Ct., 1772 — gradu- " ST. JOHNSBURY. 403 ated at Dartmouth College, class of 1792 — ing in the hall of the brick house built by removed to St. Johnsbury in 1800, and imme- Capt. Martin, the ruins of which are still diately commenced the practice of medicine. standing near the Union school house. In 1817 he represented the north-east district Owing to the want of sufficient funds, no of Vermont in Congress, and took his seat organization under the charter was effected, by the side of Daniel Webster, then in his but for several years the seminary was sus- second term. He was licensed to preach the tained with much success, until after the year following by the Coos Association, and grant of St. Johnsbury Academy 18 years supplied the pulpits of Newbury and other later, when it was given up and merged into towns in this vicinity for a period of ten the latter institution. The persons employed years. His varied acquirements, and expe- as teachers in this seminary were 8 in num- rience in public life especially fitted him for ber, extending their instructions over a the post of a journalist, and in the editorial period of nearly seventeen years, viz : Miss management of the Herald, he displayed Trowbridge of Worcester, Miss Giles of Wal- much practical tact and ability. He was pole. Miss Newcomb of Keene, Miss Almira honest and straightforward in every expres- Taylor of Derry, Misses Susan and Catha- sion of opinion, and no less fii'm in his sup- rine Clark of St. Johnsbury, Miss Bradley port of justice and right, than unsparing in of Peacham, and Miss Hobart of Berlin. his rebuke of existing evils. Slavery, in- temperance and anti-masonry, he denounced Hon. Ephkaim Paddock, in the most fearless manner, and to combat One of the originators and warmest sup- the ultraism of the latter, he issued during porters of this Seminary, was a strong- the year 1827, a weekly sheet entitled The minded, self-educated man, and 'well-known Friend, whose columns were entirely devoted for many years as one of the ablest lawyers to the discussion of this and kindred sub- in this part of the state. His early educa- jects. A late member of Congress from tion was that of the common school only, Massachusetts, and intimate friend of the but in this he made such proficiency that on this state Doctor, writes as follows : " To us, the name removing to from Massachusetts, of Luther Jewett will always recall some of he was for two or three years employed as the most pleasant memories of life. He was an instructor in Peacham Academy, then the eminently good, and scrupulously just in all only institution of the kind in the county. his ways. In a delightful village, unsur- His opportunities for professional studies passed for its picturesque beauty by any in were very limited, and the standard of legal New England, his bright example has con- acquirements at the time was by no means p. tributed largely for half a century in the high one ; yet after he had commenced prac- development of its character for enterprise, tice in St. Johnsbury, he applied himself as well as for moral and intellectual eleva- with such diligence to judicial investigation, tion. On revisiting the town a few years that he was quickly enabled " to take rank since, we sought out the venerable old man with the most learned lawyers of the state." at his retired house, and found him so feeble He always maintained a high position as a that he scarcely ventured from his door. lawyer, and did much to elevate the stand- His snowy locks and patriarchal mein lent ard of the legal profession in this vicinity. impressiveness to his words as he conversed We find the following record of his public of current events with the zest of one who services: "He was representative of St. was never content to be a mere spectator of Johnsbury in the state legislature from 1821 the world's progress. It was our last meet- to '26, inclusive — a member of the consti- ing. We left him tutional convention in 1828 — one of the ' in a green old age, council of censors in 1841 — judge of the su- And looking lilie the oak, worn, but still steady preme court from 1828 to '31. In 1847 he Amidst the elements, while younger trees Fell fast around him.' retired from professional duties, having well He died in 1860, aged 87. earned a quiet old age by a long life of act- ivity and usefulness." He died July 27, Joi-insbury St. Female Seminary. 1859, aged 79. On the 27th November, 1824, was incorpo- rated the St. Johnsbury Female Seminary. St. Johnsbury Academy. This institution owed its existence to the Early in the year 1842 a movement was efforts of Judge Paddock and Deacon Luther made by several persons who were w.armly Clark, by whom the charter was obtained, interested in the cause of education, to esta- and a small school opened the year follow- blish on a permanent and liberal basis a high 404 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. school or academy on the Plain. This move- parent, a liberal and worthy man Joseph ment resulted in the establishment of the St. P. Fairbanks. Johnsbury Academy, an institution, which from a small and unpretentious beginning CHURCHES. has grown to become one of the most flour- Nearly 8 years were numbered after the ishing of its kind in this part of the state. settlement of the town, before any active A constant and efficient religious influence, movement was made to establish public systematic thoroughness in everything un- divine worship. Not a large proportion of dertaken, and cultivation of the mental the first settlers were religious men, and faculties rather than mere accumulation of after the rough labors of the week were knowledge, were the objects specially aimed closed, the sabbath seems to have been re- at in the establishment of this institution, garded rather as a day of physical relaxation and by which it was thought that a founda- than religious observances. We are told tion might be laid for a consistent, sound, that in those days they were wont to spend and useful character. The first session of the sabbath in rambling the fields, visiting this academy was opened on a small scale in each other's homes, and planning those the fall of 1842, and during the following labors which called for the public arm, and year a building of ample accommodations aimed at the public good. The first town was erected at the south end of the Plain. meeting was held in 1790, but not till 1794 The subsequent growth of the town and in- was the question put, " Will the town raise creasing demands of the school, have re- tax to for preaching of the quired a more appropriate and commodious money by pay It determined in the nega- building. From the commencement, with gospel?" was tive, the following year, J. L. exception of a short interval, the school has and during Arnold, Lord, Stephen Dexter, John been under charge of the same principal, Joseph Ladd and Jona. Adams, were chosen com- who is still at its head. There have been mittee to a subscription paper with connected with the instructing department draw up the same object in view. record of their of the institution, 21 male and 17 female No labors is found, and in September, 1797, it teachers assistant, and nearly 1800 difi"erent voted that a minister be hired at the names are recorded on the 18 catalogues was expense of the town. Before the close of the which have already been issued. The rate meeting however, this vote was recalled, and of increase for the first five years may be a committee of three appointed to find how seen from the following enumeration : Num- much money could be raised for this purpose ber of scholars during first year, 101 ; second by voluntary contributions. What success year, 164 ; third, 196 ; fourth, 206 ; fifth, attended their labors are not informed, 257. Greatest number in any one year sub- we but at the next March meeting in 1798, we sequent to 1847, 223 ; James K. Colby, prin- find that the town voted to raise $80, paya- cipal ; J. C. Cutler, principal in 1856-7. grain within the year for the support The springing up of other similar institutions ble in preaching. It was also voted' "that the in this vicinity, has withdrawn somewhat of build a house for public use or a town • from the patronage which it formerly re- town to framed, enclosed with rough ceived, but it is believed that the high stand- house, be 1st, ; to ard, and well earned reputation of St. boards, and shingled by Nov. 1799 feet square on the ground, and Johnsbury Academy, will still give it that be 56 by 46 favor and influence in the community to to be located wherever a committee ap- which its antecedents so justly entitle it. pointed for the purpose should designate." We'would not in this connection, omit the On the 18th day of June following, a meeting name of one, who but a few years since, was was called, in which the last mentioned vote actively identified with the interests of reli- respecting the town house was revoked, and gion, education, and social progress in this it was then and there determined that the community, and whose memory is yet warm- town should not build a meeting house. ly cherished in the hearts of those who knew The month following a meeting was called him. In early manhood and the full tide of to consider the question of hiring a minister. usefulness, he passed from earth, but not Committee of seven was appointed to con- until by an earnest, benevolent and guarded sider the subject, and report within one Christian character, he had faithfully accom- hour. According to the records, they re- plished "life's great end." Another's pen, ported it as their opinion " that the town if any, should eulogize, but ours is the privi- ought to hire a minister, and therefore to raise lege to make grateful mention of an honored $230, payable in wheat, rye, corn, pork and ., : : ST. JOHNSBURY. 405 settled over the beef, for his yearly salary. Also that said braces all who have been minister preach one half the time on the church Plain, and the other half at the most con- Pastors. Installed. Dismissed. '17. venient place toward the north end of the Pearson Thurston, Oct. 25, 1815, Oct. 17, town. On motion, voted to hire a minister. JosiahMorse,M.D.,Feb.21, 1833, May 3, '43. A minister was accordingly engaged, who James P. Stone, Sep. 29, 1846, Sep. 23, '50. probably remained a few weeks only, for in H. Wellington, Jan. 4, 1855, Oct. 25, '60. September of the same year " it was put to George H. Clarke, Jan. 15, 1862. vote to see if the town would raise money to During the 2 years' ministry of the first determined in pay for further preaching and pastor, 52 members were added to the church, to raise to pay the negative. But, voted $15 and during the 7 years of the third, 66. preaching already incurred." expense of This church still worships in the old meet- a motion One year later, September, 1799, ing house, which was moved from the hill the again to hire a minister by town was into Center village, in 1845, and located east of 1801, it was negatived. On the 25th May, of the burial ground. About 15 years after "voted, to raise $100, payable in grain by the organization of the First Church, in con- the 1st of Feb. next, to pay for preaching." sequence of the scattering of the families the grain The first of February came — and and the increase of population in town, the minister came not. On the 2d September, 1802, one more, and The Second Congregational Church finally successful efi'ort was made by the Was set off as a colony from the first, and town to erect a church edifice, and esta- organized on the 7th April, 1825. It is a blish at last a place for the observance of noticeable coincidence that this church also sabbath worship. Record of this meeting, was established with 19 members, of whom which is one of interest [and somewhat ano- six were males and thirteen females. They malous, as the town subsequently seemed to were set off by their own request, and with abide by its action], has been transcribed, full consent of the church then existing, and and inserted in a previous section, page adopted the same Confession of Faith and 401. A large and commodious building was Covenant. This church worshiped on the erected in the fall of 1804, and so finished Plain, and over it we find the following list off as to answer the purpose of town and of pastors, settled and dismissed meeting house, although it was some years Pastors. Installed. Dismissed. before the formation of any church body. James Johnson, Feb. 28, 1827, May 3, '38. JohnH.Worcester, Sep. 5, 1839, Nov. 6, '46. The First Congregational Church, William B. Bond, Oct. 14, 1847, June 29, '58. Was organized Nov. 21st, 1809, fifteen years Ephraim C. Cum- after the settlement of the town, and five mings, . . May 10, 1860. after the raising of the meeting house. Rev. Leonard Worcester of Peacham, Rev. John The church was very much enlarged dur- Fitch of Danville, and Rev. Asa Carpenter ing the ministrations of its two first pastors, of Waterford, constituted the ecclesiastical and especially during the revivals of 1827, council. The little band of nineteen whose 1831 and 1832. The additions embraced a names constitute the first church roll of the large number who resided in and near the town, formed the nucleus of four large Con- East village of St. Johnsljury, and in accord- gregational churches which now stand in its ance with their wish, to be set off in a sepa- place. Six were males, and thirteen females. rate body. Hubbard Lawrence was chosen moderator Congregational Church and David Stowell clerk, both of whom were The Third subsequently appointed deacons, and both Was organized, Nov. 25th, 1840. A meeting of whom were recorded as "good men and house was erected for their accommodation true." in the East village, and the church at the Six years passed away before the church date of its organization, consisted of 26 in- obtained a pastor, but public worship is dividuals from neighboring churches, to wit, said to have been uniformly maintained, two from the First and eleven from the Se- sometimes with, and often without preaching. cond in St. Johnsbury ; five from the church in Lyn- The sisters of the church frequently walked in Erby ; and two from the church from three to six miles in mid-winter to don. This church subsequently received attend worship, and sat in a cold room large additions under the ministrations of hrough the service. The following list em- its successive pastors, as follows : 48 406 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Pastors. Installed. Dismissed. there will be numbered in St. Johnsbury '50. Rufus Case, May 4, 1842, Feb. 26, 9 church edifices—two at the East, and J. H. Gurney, Feb. 27, 1850, '55. three at Center village, and four on the John Bowers, Feb. 4, 1858. Plain. Yet, less than 40 years ago, not a The Second Church, located on the Plain, church spire was to be seen in either of the by reason of the increase of its congrega- villages. tion, found it necessary to erect a new house The influence of the strong religious ele- of larger dimensions, which was completed ment, which after the formation of the first in 1847, standing on the corner of Church church, began to prevail over the immorali- and Main streets. But the population of the ties of former years, has been great. It is parish still continued to increase. The new said that few towns have at different periods house was found insufficient to accommodate of their history, developed such marked • changes of character as this. Originally the all who wished to attend public worship ; and in the spring of 1851, it was determined, standard of morality was low ; in a few after mature deliberation, that the interests years, with the influx of a mixed poi:)ulation, still of religion rendered expedient the formation it became lower ; biit by degrees the of a new church, and the erection of a new influence of good men, and the increasing house of worship on the Plain. Accord- facilities for religious and intellectual culti- ingly a vation, imparted a more salutary tone to society, and elevated the social condition of FouETH Congregational Church the place to such a degree, that it soon ac- Was organized Oct. 23, 1851, consisting of quired, and has for many years retained, a high character for morality, industry and 65 members—it having been previously voted intelligence. it that 'not less than one-quarter, nor more And is a fact worthy of than one-third of the members of the Second mention, that at the present time (1861), thti heads of both the executive or North Church should be designated to the and judiciary of this state, are residents of new organization. The church edifice, lo- St. Johnsbury — cated near the academy at the south end of Gov. E. Fairbanks, and Chief Justice L. P. the Plain, was built at the expense of the Poland. relative increase whole society, and became the property of The of popvilation in the town since 1800, may be seen by comparing the new church, its rents being appropriated the following tables quoted from the to the support of their own pastor, and other census reports: expenses of public worship. After the es- 1800, 663; 1810, 1334; 1820, 1404; tablishment of this colony, the two churches 1830, 1592; 1840, 1887; 1850, 2758; 1860, on the Plain, Second and Fourth became 3470. In 1857, the first registration report known as the North and South Congrega- was made, recording for that year 114 births, tional churches of St. Johnsbury. Pastors 59 deaths, 10 marriages. The increase in post office business has been great. Thirty of the South Church have been as follows : years ago there was but one office, the com- Pastors. Installed. Dismissed. pensation of the post master being about S. G. Clapp, Jan. 13, 1852, Jan. 18, '55. $50. Now, of the three independent offices Geo. N. Webber, Dec. 4, 1855, Sep. 13, '59. located at the Plain, East and Center villages, Lewis 0. Brastow, Jan. 10, 1860. a single one receives twenty times the com- Respecting churches of other denomina- pensation which was paid in 1830. Within tions, our records are incomplete. The the last decade, the town has made its most Universalist Church at Center village, was rapid growth and internal development. The the Methodist in opening of the rail road — chartering of the built about the year 1830 ; the same village, a few years later. Of the bank — removal of county buildings, and the other two Methodist churches in St. Johns- extensive manufacturing and rail road in- bury, one is located at the East village, the terests here established, have all tended to other on Central street, at the Plain, which increase the importance of the place -as a latter was completed in 1858, and is at pre- business center. Passumpsic Bank was in- sent supplied by Rev. H. W. Worthen. Early corporated in 1849 — capital, $100,000. Mt. in 1859, an association was organized for the Pleasant Cemetery was laid out and dedicated purpose of sustaining Episcopal worship, in the summer of 1852, and is probably un- but as yet no church has been built, or surpassed in natural beauty and location by permanent preacher obtained. The corner any other in the state. Caledonia County stone of a Catholic church was laid in Court House was built in 1855, at an expense the summer of 1860, and when completed, of $15,000. Of this amount, $3,000 was —: ST. JOHNSBURY. 407. Raised by the town for furnishing a hall, machine, and resulted ultimately in the in- $1,770 paid as share of county tax, and vention and development of the platform $1,000 by voluntary subscription in the scale, by Mr. Thaddeus Fairbanks. The village, making a total of $5,770, or about invention of this machine—the first grand two-fifths the whole expense. The ground idea which has resulted in profit not only to occupied by the Court House, was originally the manufacturers, but to almost every granted to the town by Jonathan Arnold for branch of human industry — was by no a burial yard, and was used for this purpose means an accident ; and yet, hardly less until the new cemetery was opened in 1852. mental ingenuity was required to originate The Union School House on Summer street, the idea, than in after years to perfect the was built in 1854, providing for the primary, manufacture, a work to which the skillful intermediate and high school departments in mechanical genius of the inventor has been the same building. Caledonia County Fair constantly and most successfully directed. Grounds were first opened south of the Plain Labor-saving nKichinery, and all the appli- in the autumn of 1858. ances which years of study can develop, are The manufacturing interests of St. Johns- employed to facilitate the work; and the bury are varied and extensive, embracing delicate accuracy, strength and unchanging almost every variety of wooden and metalic quality of the scales are due in a great wares, machinery, agricultural and house- measure to the minor improvements succes- hold- implements. The business villages sively introduced. The success of the esta- which have sprung up on the banks of each blishment has been a natural sequence of of the rivers, witness to the natural endow- skill in construction, care in management, ments of the town, and these all with a single and increasing demand for the article manu- exception are of modern date. In 1821, be- factured. The limited resources of Sleeper's fore Center village had ceased to be knoAvn river, have proved utterly insufficient to sup- as Sanger's Mills, not a single dwelling ply the power required for driving the thou- house had been erected on the marshes sand machinery wheels of the factory. And which then covered that region. As late as even since the employment of steam, one 1848, the only building on the flat now in- engine after another has been removed to tersected by rail way tracks, was the little make room for others of higher power. The farm house which still stands at the southern works at present employ an average of 300 extremity of Rail road village. Arnold's men, on wages of about $130,000 annually Mills, built in 1787, give to Paddock village consume 2500 tons pig iron, 200 tons bar the right of priority in settlement, but before iron, 88 tons steel, 26 tons copper, 300 tons Huxum Paddock had built his foundries and anthracite coal, 100,000 bushels charcoal and revived the importance of the village which 1,000,000 feet of lumber. The annual pro- has since then borne his name, grist and saw duct of scales amounts to $500,000. Up to mills had been put up on the banks of January 1st, 1861, there had been made Sleeper's river, by a man from Brimfield, 96,658 portable scales; 8,872 hay and track whose descendants have originated and de- scales, and 94,712 counter and even-bal- veloped on the same water privilege the ances ; making an aggregate of more than manufacture of "weights and balances." 190,000 in all, including a hundred different By request of the publishers, more particu- modifications, and a range of capacity from lar details of this manufacture are here in- half an ounce of the even-balance to five serted. hundred tons of the canal scale. A correspondent of the New York press, THE FAIRBANKS SCALES. after visiting this manufactory, remarks About the year 1830, a business company "There is no business worthy of New Eng- was established at St. Johnsbury, for the land, but will aiford emploj^ment for all the purpose of cleaning hemp, and preparing skill and care which can be commanded, but the fibre for market. The location of this the scale manufacture seems in an especial business was in Moose river valley, on the degree to require experienced and intel- site of the large red mill, whic\was burned lectual labor. The three hundred workmen in the summer of 1860. After commencing employed in the scale works at St. Johns- operations, it was found that a machine or bury are unequaled by any like number of scale was very much needed to facilitate the operatives collected together in the world. operation of weighing the hemp. This ne- "This is due partly to the nature of their cessity led to an investigation of the princi- employment, their isolated situation, the in- ple of levers as combined in a weighing fluence of employers, but more than all, no 408 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. doubt to the traits of character inherent in rank thistle nodded in the wind, and the " the people of this section. The village is wild fox dug his hole unscared —when the purely New England—the proverbial air of hand of some patient squaw chipped it into freshness, neatness and industry, being no fashion, and the stout arm of an Algonquin where more strongly marked than in this brave sent it crashing on its fatal errand. locality." Its granite edge seems to tell of tracts away Well does the author of the above allude to the east of Connecticut river, and how of to the prosperity and thrift of the em- old the fierce Coossucks ployees in this manufactory, and justly "Armed themselves Tvith all their war gear, may our community congratulate itself on Sang their war-song wild and woful," the general intelligence, public spirit and and journeyed hitherward on their way to- energy which characterize this class of its ward the hunting grounds of the mighty citizens. From their daily workshops, where Iroquois. indeed " thought is embodied in iron and But a few years have passed since our brass," the delicate emblems of Astrea have Aborigines took up their farewell marches. gone out to every quarter of the globe, and When Lord Cornwallis surrendered his in distant resting places their quick re- sword, not a white habitation had been seen sponses have silently witnessed to the indus- within the boundary lines of St. Johnsbury. try and skill of this Green Mountain town. Scarce fifty years have gone since old Joe, the " last of the Coossucks " passed away to THE ABORIGINES. the " kingdom of Ponemah," and only a In closing this imperfect record of his- hundred since Major Rogers sacked the torical sketches, it is fit that a passing men- Indian villages of St. Francis, and saw his tion be made of our lost Aborigines, and of brave rangers on their return starving on the traces which they have -left to us of a the islands at the mouth of Passumpsie sovereignty here, anterior to the date of river. Strange and sad, that in these re- even most of the traditional history. gions, over which contesting tribes of In- The records of early adventurers, and the dians roamed and hunted and fought, the comparative scarcity of Indian relics, in- traces of their existence should have been duces the belief, that in this immediate so quickly and thoroughly obliterated. We vicinity the numbers of the warlike red men might almost think to find their lodge poles were few. Not, indeed, because nature here undecayed, and shelving rocks still black- refused them ample means of subsistence, ened with the smoke of their camp fires. for within the memory of men now living, Note. —For facts and valuable assistance game was abundant — numberless trout in compiling the above sketches, especial leaped in our brooks, and rotund bears acknowledgments are due to Henry Stevens, rioted through the forest. But this was antiquarian, whose abundant resources were contested land. The powerful and dreaded readily tendered to the writer. The pre- tribes of the Iroquois on Lake Champlain, paration of the narrative has involved many and the Abenaquis or Coossucks, who ranged difficulties, in combining at the same time the Connecticut valley and the forests of the requisites of a readable article for the Canada, each laid claim to the fair hunting Quarterly, and a faithful record of the town grounds of Northern Vermont, and this history ; and if inaccuracies have crept into being border land between them, never be- the text, or too much incoherence character- came permanently settled or abundantly ises the whole, it must be remembered that stocked with their rough-hewn relics. Yet the limited space and the nature of the case, now and then, even at the present time, forbid a thorough and systematic treatment there is found some rudely fashioned imple- of the almost endless variety of subjects in- ment of savage days. Arrow points are troduced. turned up from time to time in the furrows Saint Johnsbury, Dec. 31st, 1860. of the plow. And within the year last past, a more formidable object—a veritable stone EDITORIAL GLEANINGS. battle axe was discovered on the pasture ground south of the plain. This Indian The Catholic Chuech. axe head is verily an object of interest, a Until the erection of Burlington into an grim old reminder of those taciturn tribes, Episcopal see, in 1853, St. Johnsbury had who stalked of yore along our thorough- received occasional visits from missionary fares. It bears a rough and venerable look, priests of Canada, and Rev. H. Drolet, who as characteristic of those days " when the was then stationed at Montpelier. : —: ST. JOHNSBURY. 409 Soon after the arrival of the oblate fathers stand ever afterward by its sacred standard. at Burlington, they were appointed to attend He held several town offices in his day ; was deputy sheriflF 1809 a number of years St. Johnsbury, and one of them, Rev. R. from ; Maloney, visited there once every month on also justice of the peace several years ; and Sunday, until the fall of 1856. The lot on was known as a townsman always. one of the which stands the present church was brought first in all patriotic, enterprising and bene- at his suggestion. volent movements. I have often heard my Rev R. Maloney officiated for the congre- parents narrate various incidents connected gation in a public hall, hired for that pur- with their habits of living, social, moral and pose, and service continued to be held there physical. True, I find as I dwell upon them until lately, when the church was far enough none of the superfluities and elegancies of completed to allow it to be used for worship. life that constitute the luxuries of the pre- Rev. Charles O'Reilley of Bellows Falls, sent, but I find instead, a homely but hearty attended the congregation after Rev. R. Ma- sufficiency, with frugality and cleanliness loney, until July, 1858, when Rev. Stanis- withal, and a home ever made desirable and laus Danielou was appointed resident pastor appreciated. A characteristic picture of of the place. To his exertions is due the their sociality was the winter evening visit erection of the handsome church of St. Some long and pleasant December or January Johnsbury, named Our Lady of Victories, evening, the noble yoke of oxen were after a celebrated church in Paris, situated 'whoa'd' and 'gee'd' to the kitchen dooi', on the Place des Petits Peres. hitched to the sled,' and the first family started Rev. Stanislaus Danielou purchased also a ; calling for the next family and the lot for a cemetery, which he laid out with next, on the way, till the last family on the great taste. road joined the party. Arrived at their The Catholics of St. Johnsbury and vici- destination — as our old fashioned surprise nity number about eighty families." party came steadily up to the log mansion, and shaking off their 'buffalo of hay,' the Captain John Bakney, sleds were unloaded upon the great stone Said The Caledonian, in an obituary notice, door step — the welcomings and greetings " was one of our oldest citizens ; had been a were sometimes so hearty as to be almost resident of this town 50 years or upwards, deafening. The well fatted turkey must be was widely known and much respected." prepared for the spit, and pies and puddings Mrs. Curtis, his daughter, who resides at St. well flavored, placed for baking ; meanwhile Johnsbury, thus writes a mug of hot flip came not amiss after their "Your kind offer to insert something in cold ride of eight or ten miles. A good the St. Johnsbury chapter, if I would fur- supper, joviality and sincere good will nish it, of my father, stirs me up to attempt. crowned the hour. I could dwell at much I shall fail to write an article that will read length on many adventures of these early well — would that I could borrow some able settlers, deer huntings, &c., but others will pen to write a history of that lovely man — recount for you similar nai'rations. And of but I will endeavor to give you a few facts. my father's Christian character I would From the large family Bible (bequeathed to speak more fully. In or about 1827, he me), I find in the record, 'John Barney, made a profession of the Christian religion born in New Haven, Conn., Jan. 4th, 1775 a public profession, and erected a family ; married in St. Johnsbury, Vt., July 17, 1802, altar, where from thenceforth prayer went to Betsy Carlton.' He resided in his native up daily from a heart overflowing. Even place till about 21 years of age. After his now I seem to hear the kindness that lin- settlement in St. Johnsbury he became the gered in his voice as he reproved our child- captain of a military company, which office he ish follies, or see the patient, beaming smile, acceptably filled several years. He built the as he encouraged our feeble efforts to do the second public house of entertainment on the right. Thus a sainted father's heavenly Plain. A part of the building now remains, influences still shines out sweetly and clear connected with the St. Johnsbury House. upon the path of his child, guiding on like a This house he kept for many years, and as beacon star to right purposes — activity, was customary in those days, it had its 6a?-, patience here, and the hope of the beyond. .but when the temperance cause awoke in It is an inestimable blessing to liave such a Vermont, and came up like a bannered host father. And to lose him -. But I write from the wilderness, he was one of the first of the dead, and would not wrong the mes- to enlist in this great moral reform, and senger that gathered back the breath, ; " 410 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. ' For his touch Tvas like the angel's, says her parents came immediately after Who comes at close of day, their marriage to St. Johnsbury, moving in To lull the willing flowers asleep, Until the morniDg ray.' on an ox sled, and she thinks her father "He died Oct. 12, 1860, suddenly, of heart was, after Mr. Cole, one of the first five disease, at the house of his daughter in Lan- settlers in town. Here his 12 children caster, N. H., aged 76. At his funeral, one of were born and he lived, till his death about the deacons of the church arose after the 17 years since, and died aged nearly 70, sermon, and amid the tearful congregation, being insane some 18 years before his death. spoke at some length of the power of holy Dr. Arnold, Gen. Roberts, Martin and Gar- diner Wheeler, and Mr. Sanger, all settled at example. ' I know,' said he, ' it is not ac- the Four Corners. cording to our custom to thus speak in the Three of the families, the Roberts funerals of our dead, but a good man has and Wheelers, have always lived there. Mr. Sanger to departed, and I cannot refrain from this just soon removed the Centre, where he was the first settler, tribute.' [This deacon was Gov. Fairbanks.] and owned the land upon which the Centre Our aged mother, who has already seen 81^ village now stands — some 200 acres. Here summers, resides in her old home with her he built a large "hopper-roofed" house for son George. Her children are all living, four his family, and though he never opened a in number." public house, yet, as he was himself a A niece of the departed, from Connecticut, teamster, the teamsters and so many others present upon the funeral occasion, published put up with him, that he kept about as at the time, a poem, in The Caledonian, from many travelers as the tavern. After his which we extract: death, the ample old house was rented at has Departed. A Good Man one time to some five families; it may still 'Twas a solemn gathering. A day be seen standing near the Methodist chapel. Long to be treasured in the kindliest hearts He also built several other houses to rent, That worshiped in that temple. An aged and the first saw and grist-mill at the Centre. man, After many years these mill privileges were A man whom all had known for many years, sold to Reuben Spaulding from Cavendish, A friend, a Christian, honest and sincere, who built new mills on the old sites. Ezra, Had by that shaft, which nothing can resist, Mr. Sanger's son, kept the first store at the Been called to part with earth and earthly Centre. Mr. Sanger never coveted any part scenes. or lot in town offices, but appears to have "A good man had depai'ted " — full of years been a prominent business man, helping well 'Tis true, and ready for his sudden change toward first building up the Centre Village. But happy in his love of brotherhood, He was, moreover, one of the first free of St. Johnsbury to whose lodge His old familiar friends, his kindred ties, masons — General Roberts, Gardiner And ripening for his immortality. also belonged Barney and Gen. Fenton, An aged man, of whiten'd locks, he stood Wheeler, Capt. moved in somewhat later, and carried Whene'er the sabbath came, in his own pew. who the manufacture of earthen ware, which To show his reverence for the sacred word, on business his son Leander, has since fol- And love for holy things. I see him now lowed. In those pleasant olden days, town "With form erect, and noble brow, as o'er meeting was a great day ; the farmers for The sacred hymns he pondered oft. miles around were accustomed to bring their Within this temple now — silent unseen, wives into the village for a visit. For years His spirit hovers o'er that chosen pew. at St. Johnsbury Centre, Mr. Sanger's was And bids them look above, with faith's clear a general rendezvous where the men left eye. their wives to visit while they went to the Above the cares of earth — these sordid meeting, and then came back to supper. scenes. Speaking of suppers — we are told Mrs. To purer joys. . . . Sanger kept the first anniversary of her Sauah Elizabeth. birthday in St. Johnsbury with a supper, Eleazee, Sanger, to which Dr. Arnold, Gen. Roberts, the Born in Keene, N. H., married Sabrina Wheelers, and the wives of all were invited, Whitney of Winchester, Mass., and settled and came — and " all went merry as a mar- in St. Johnsbury at the Four Corners, about riage bell." The pine table was loaded, 1790. Mrs. Roxana Sears, a daughter of Mr. and the jovial guests around — when sud- Sanger, from whom we have the account, denly the floor, unsupported by crossbeams ST. JOHNSBURY. 411 or props (they lived in the little log hut A little further on, through an entrance at the Corners then,) began to slide and way, about which there is nothing remarka- cave and tunnel cellarward — down went ble, a new road leads by a gradual curve the table, pewter, ' turkey, gravy, Doctor, downward, and around the hillside, away at General, host, ladies, floor and all. Great once from all sight and sound of the other. was the smash, the scare and the laugh, You stand in the beautiful cemetery of St. after the party had all crept safe from the Johnsbury, a broken landscape, more hillside hole — for cellars were but holes in those than dell ; in sacred seclusiveness, so holily primitive huts, and men and women both shut away from the world, you feel you could laugh heartily over little mishaps — would love to be buried here. Each pictur- the pewter plates were not broken, the esque site has its headstone and grave, and floor could be relaid. a good carriage way winds through the Mrs. Sanger died about 3 years after her handsome grounds. Here you stand by husband, while on a visit to a daughter in the monument of Joseph P. Fairbanks, the west. None of the family reside now whom you will remember as the benefactor in St. Johnsbury. But three of the child- of Middlebury College,* the liberal patron ren survive, a son and a daughter in Ohio, of education and works of worthy promise. and Mrs. Sears, now a resident of Ludlow, Let his memory be blessed : and let espe- before alluded to. "At St. Johnsbury Plain," cially the history of the just and liberal man says Mrs. S., "43 years ago, old Dr. Lord be written. And here is the monument and lived in a large two story house at the grave of Judge Paddock. But turn with me lower end of street ; Dr. Calvin Jewett and search now for the grave of Josiah L. about the middle of the Plain; his bro- Arnold, the- poet of St. Johnsbury. The St. ther, Dr. Luther Jewett, who was the old- Johnsbury cemetery is indeed the most beau- est, lived just opposite, and old Mr. West, tiful yard of burial we have found in the ' a dreadful good ' old man, lived next state. door to Dr. Luther, and John Clark kept Returning to the head of Eastern avenue, store with his brother at the north end of if you take the left hand and go down the the village." main street southward, you directly pass the handsome court house and county buildings, St. Johnsbuky Plain. churches, academy, &c., and soon arrive at August, 1860. the terminus of the village ; and at the natural The railway hugging close the river-land head of this street, fronting the street, com- as we come up the Passumpsic valley, gives manding an extensive view down through no hint of the handsome village we are ap- the street, stands the residence of the same proaching till we are there, landed at the late Joseph P. Fairbanks, by whose tomb we convenient and respectable depot under the stood in the cemetery. The beautiful, under hill — nor indeed, then and there, the village the hand of elegant culture, begins to de- proper is on the plain over above. Only a velop more markedly here in the parterre of few sightly residences like light-houses at shrubs and flowers fronting the pleasant sea, hang oif the hill. Winding up the as- porches. Crossing the street to the right- cent to the village — rather steep for an ward, on the road leading toward Danville, invalid or the aged — though pleasantly the house and flower grounds upon the right, assuring the hearty they are getting up in of Horace Fairbanks, may not be passed the world — arrived at the street of the without receiving a full tithe of admiration. Plain which runs north and south, if you You recognize the place at once, having been turn to the right and go up, you pass pre- told he has this summer the most beautiful sently ofiices, shops, stores, &c., while a con- garden in St. Johnsbury. It can not be spicuous block over the left labeled in gilt, other than this. The beds in their arrange- the " St. Johnsbury House " (the stand ment are markedly unique — the flowers in where old Captain Barney used to keep their glory of bloom. As you go down yet tavern), looks over to you, and you to that. farther into Fairbanksville, the road winding Anon you come to dwellings — pleasant resi- through a natural glen or narrow defile in dences with pleasant yards, till you have the hills, one house in particular, upon the passed up — I can not measure distance hillside leftward, from its several terraces safely by memory two years back — it is of earth, verdant and velvety smooth, looms 1862 now — but till you have gone a long up like the olden towers on a rock, looking way up the street — till the last house is down upon you as you pass. But where all left—and the village passed in this direction. *Seepage 55, No. 1. ; ; ! ; ; 412 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. is beautiful, who may with just delicacy And all earth's nations yet shall weep. designate ? We will individualize but one Where the great hero lies asleep. other. At the foot of the village on your And curse the foul deceit and hate. right — up and away from the street beneath That gave him to the arms of Fate, where you only catch a partial view of a That crushed his heart and closed the strife, pillared porch — you ascend a marble flight, E're waned the glorious noon of life." Avhere upon the topmost stair, from within Night rolled away. a natural recess in the hills, the mansion, The sun returned with quiet smile, with its quietly perceptive swell of graded To Saint Helena's lonely isle. ground between, serenely develops. The But that sweet smile came not to him. hills hang over and above and half around. The mighty chief whose eye was dim. At the westward or right wing of the build- Whose iron frame and royal brow, ing, knots of flowers spread away, and over In death were cold and pallid now. beyond the flower plat, lies a miniature lake Sweet sounds the murm'ring breezes bore, beneath. This is the home and family seat And balmy scents were in the air of Governor Fairbanks. The glad waves rippled on the shore. St. Johnsbury has grown very much, we And wild birds carol'd gaily there ; * are told, within a few years. It is now, in- Yet the proud chieftain's favorite tree. deed, one of the handsomest villages of the Waved not besides the solemn sea. Btate. Nature made it beautiful at first, and Torn by the fury of the blast, architecture and horticulture have lavished And on the shore in fragments cast. upon it since. Several fine views of the The tree lay dead place, and especially of Fairbanksville, by B. F. CAQE. B. F. Gage, the artist of St. Johnsbury, decorate the picture saloons of some of the first artists in New York. SHEFFIELD. THE DOOMED WILLOW, BY ALFRED S. IAMB. The sun had set, Several years elapsed after the settlement And night's black shadows hung once more, of the southern portions of the county before O'er Saint Helena's distant shore settlers were willing to locate within the The god of storms o'er land and tide, wilds of the more northern towns. Hence Had flung the banner of his pride, so late as 1793, the dense forests of this And mustered all his legions there, town were still standing wholly unharmed To battle in the midnight air, by the woodman's axe. Or revel in their reckless mirth, In this year, October 25, the town was And scatter ruin o'er the earth. chartered by the legislature of Vermont to Stephen Kingsbury and associates, with five The storm grew wild — rights for public purposes. The guarded Exile heard the sound. In the latter part of the following winter That shook the midnight air around, several families from New Hampshire came Anon he saw the lightning's flash. on and commenced a settlement in the south- And started at the thunder's crash, ern part. The town was organized the 25th As if he deemed he heard once more of March, 1796. Moses Foss, moderator; The music of the battle's roar Archelaus Miles, Jr., first town clerk, an Yet as the tempest raved and moaned, ofiice which he held 12 years in succession Low on his couch he raved and groaned Stephen Drown, Archelaus Miles, Jr., and In mortal pain. Isaac Kenaston, selectmen ; Jonathan Gray, Gasping, he spake constable. The first representative, was In accents low—" Ye know the tree Stephen Drown in 1806; first physician, That waves beside the distant sea, ; first Mitchell and merchant, John Green ; Where I have loved to sit all day, no lawyer ever yet resided in town. The And watch the billows in their play. first settlement was made in the spring of There ye shall lay me down to rest. 1794, by John and Richard Jenness, and And heap the turf above my breast. James and Jonathan Gray with their fami- And long its drooping bough shall wave, lies. Above my low and lonely grave. It is impossible at this day to form a just Wild birds their mournful lays shall weave. conception of the hardships encountered by And nature o'er my ashes grieve, early settlers, leaving the comforts and con- — SHEFFIELD. 413 veniences of an older country, moving to a striving, what time they could well spare distant wilderness into dwellings insufficient from other duties, to improve the condition to protect them from the wintry blast, and of their cabins. The wife of Richard Jen- with but scanty fare; yet with unremiting ness, unwilling longer to perform her cook- toil they sought to clear them up a home. ing upon the hearthstone, with her own The first year proved favorable for the hands constructed an oven of stone, daubing growth of grain, and as early as the 28th of it well with mud in lieu of mortar, and in July, they had wheat harvested and at the this for several years she performed the mill. At no time since, has wheat been baking for her family. harvested in town so early. Although good crops of grain were raised And yet with all their industry and fru- the first year, yet they found it hard to pro- gality, for the first few years they were un- cure sufficient fodder to winter their stock. able to raise sufficient provisions to subsist At that time there was no English grass upon. Their corn had to be brought from nearer than North Danville, but they for- the river towns upon horses, a great part tunately discovered a beaver meadow in the of the distance through the forest, guided western part of the town covered with a by marked trees. At one time being out heavy growth of wild grass, which they cut of provisions Jonathan Gray and a neighbor and stacked, drawing it the following winter started for the Connecticut valley in quest upon handsleds, four miles, through a dense of corn. Not being able to find any upon forest, and thus were enabled to supply this side of the river they resolved to cross their cows with food through the rigors of to the New Hampshire side. No boat was a Vermont winter. near and although late in the evening they John Jenness worked at his trade as a mounted their horses and attempted to swim tanner for several years, in the early settle- them to the other shore, but the darkness ment of the town, using for a vat a large was so great that they reached the shore at trough dug from a tree with his axe, and a considerable distance below the landing pounding his bark for tanning purposes by place, where a steep bank covered with a hand. He built the first framed house in heavy growth of bushes prevented their town. horses from obtaining a footing. A few The following year Deacon Stephen Drown lusty halloes, however, brought a sturdy and wife moved in. Mrs. Drown is still farmer to the bank who exclaimed with a living, at the advanced age of 85 years. Her strong Scotch accent: "Hoot, mon, what mental faculties are yet good, and she recol- do ye here?" A few words sufficed to ex- lects incidents which occurred in the early plain to him their situation and with the settlement of the town distinctly. She says assistance of himself and sons they were that when she first came into town the only soon upon terra firma once more, where wet covering to their cabin consisted of strips of and benumbed with cold they gladly availed bark confined to the roof by means of large themselves of the invitation extended to timbers placed at right angles. A few plank them by the hospitable Scotchman to spend were split out, upon which was placed their at his house. following the night The morn- bed ; while two more pinned together served ing having procured their corn, they crossed them for a door ; and in such a dwelling, the river by means of a boat and proceeded surrounded by wild beasts, and exposed to homeward. the vicissitudes of a New England climate, The first buildings erected by the settlers they lived and labored. No hardship so were rudely constructed log cabins, with a great, no labor so severe, no undertaking so bark roof and stone chimney outside the hazardous, as to daunt their spirits or cause house. The floors were of short, thick plank them to waver from their firm determination split from the bass, sometimes from other to build them up a home ; but true to their trees, and confined with wooden pins in purpose they struggled on against difficulties, place of nails. The doors were formed in still laboring for that "better time" which the same rude manner, and all combined to they could then but faintly discern in the give the cabins a unique and shaggy appear- distance, yet afterwards so happily realized. ance. If they could secure a few panes of The first male child born in town, was glass and a pound or two of nails, they con- William Gray, July 28, 1794. He still re- sidered themselves provided with a very sides in town. The first female, Hannah convenient and tasty dwelling. Jenness, born Oct. 15, of the same year While the men were laboring in the field, her death occurred April 4, 1860. The first their wives with commendable zeal were marriage in town was that of Capt. Samuel 414 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Twombly, to Miss Elizabeth Gray. Oldest and rounded summits heavily wooded to the person deceased in town, Samuel Drown, very top. aged 96 years. Oldest person now living in The town is watered by several brooks, town. Ward Bradley, Esq., aged 88. The which rising upon the mountains, unite a first death in town, was that of a child of short distance north of the village and form Richard Jenness, caused by eating pieces of a considerable stream, which flowing onward isinglass. First school-house built in 1805, empties into the Passumpsic at Lyndon. on land now owned by Sylvester Hall — That portion of the town upon the other Stephen Drown was the first teacher pre- slope of the mountain is watered by streams ; sent number of districts, nine. Three con- that flow into the Barton river. But a small venient school-houses have been erected portion of the town lies upon the western quite recently. The remainder are wholly side, and consequently no good mill privi- unfit for the purposes for Avhich they were leges are found ; but in the southern and intended. central portions, water power is abundant. Heretofore there has been too little inte- In this town are several ponds romantic- rest manifested in educational matters ; but ally situated among our green-clad hills. for the few past years the prospect has At the outlet of one of these, years ago, looked more cheering public feeling has when the country in that vicinity all ; was a been roused somewhat to the importance of wilderness, a man by the name of Bruce the subject, and it is sincerely to be hoped attempted to build a saw-mill, but after that this feeling will continue to be strength- erecting the frame and getting his mill in ened, until a subject of such vital import- running order, he suddenly abandoned his ance shall receive that attention which it project, removed the machinery, and left the demands from every enlightened commu- country. The ruins of the mill are still to nity. be seen, a part of the timbers still standing. The town was first surveyed by Jesse From this circumstance the body of water Gilbert, a man well fitted to perform the received the name of Bruce pond. Another arduous duties of a surveyor. A beautiful pond, called "Duck pond," from its having tract of land situated in this town, consist- been a favorite resort for wild ducks, has the ing of about 1000 acres, was named in honor appearance of once having covered a much of this surveyor, Gilbert Square, an appel- greater surface than now, the position of lation which it still retains. the land and growth of timber denoting the The soil of this town is mostly of a loamy place it once occupied. It appears gradu- nature ; some portions are quite stony, while ally to be growing less ; what occasions this others are entirely free from stone. dimunition of its waters is a mystery. The town is well adapted to the raising of One feature of the town is the abundance stock, and our farmers are beginning to see of excellent springs which every where the importance of an improved system of abound. Upon nearly every hill side, farming. gushes forth the pure, limpid stream. The This town remained as it was originally climate is healthful, although our winters chartered until Nov. 23, 1858, when a corner are more rigorous than in towns situated consisting of 3000 acres was annexed to the upon large streams. There is one limestone town of Barton. A mountain range passes ledge in the extreme western portion of the through the northern and western portions town, which has been worked but little. of the town, which separates the waters of Bears were numerous in the early settle- the Passumpsic and Barton rivers. Not- ment of the town, and often disturbed the withstanding this elevation is a continuance settlers by their nocturnal visits. At one of the " water shed " between the valleys of time, Hiram Jenness, then a lad of 12 years, the Connecticut and St. Lawrence, the alti- was sent by his father to a bear trap which tude is not sufficient to produce sterility of he had placed in the forest adjacent to his soil or failure of crops. Upon the very sum- clearing. Not finding the trap sprung, the mit the soil is fertile, producing well all lad sauntered leisurely along through the kinds of grain usually raised in this section, forest, musket in hand, in search of game. excepting corn. Wandering on among the thickly wooded This elevation of land, unlike most moun- hills, he at last found himself several miles tain ranges, does not seem to penetrate the from home, and nearly to the summit of the distant sky, nor is it characterized by craggy mountain range which runs through the cliffs, abrupt precipices, or sharply pointed western portion of the town. Halting to peaks, but rather by gently sloping sides, view the scenery around, he espied a large SHEFFIELD. 415 bear lying beside a log quietly gnawing a several other passengers were more or less bone. As he stepped forward to reconnoiter, injured. The accident was occasioned by the bear, evidently considering this as an the upsetting of a coach within the limits of intrusion upon his rights, rose upon his hind this town. Blame was attached to the town legs and growled defiance at the invader. at the time for not keeping a suitable railing The boy, nothing daunted, cooly leveled his beside the road at this place, and also to the driver caution musket and laid the beast dead at his feet. for not exercising suitable ; The bear weighed upwards of 400 pounds. the night in question being extremely dark In conversing a few days since with Mr. and foggy. Probably both parties were some- Haines, an aged man, who resides a short what to blame, and a compromise shojild distance from the winter, he related the fol- have been efi"ected, and a settlement made lowing circumstance, Avhich so strikingly with the friends of the deceased; but bitter exhibits the dangers to which early settlers feeling was engendered, and an expensive were subjected that we are inclined to give litigation entered into, which for intensity it place in our columns, nearly verbatim, as of feeling manifested has rarely been ex- related to us at the time. celled in our courts. He was then a young man just commenc- Dense forests yet cover a considerable ing in life. His family consisted of a wife portion of the mountain range which passes and one child. They lived at the time in a through the town ; and encircled by these rude log house, the door of which was with- timbered hills, lie several beautiful sheets out suitable fastenings. One night, weary of water. Tiny ponds half a mile in length, with the labors of the day, they had retired and perhaps half that distance in width, to rest : when about midnight they were with their clear, sparkling waters now glis- awakened by something traveling upon the tening in the sunbeams, then flowing in outside of the bed. graceful ripples along the wooded shore. They at first supposed it to be a dog, but Nothing can be more pleasing to the student upon looking up, they at once discovered of nature, than to roam through these grand that their visitant was in fact a full grown old woods and behold the diversity of scene- bear. They were terribly frightened, but ry so wild and picturesque everywhere un- Mr. Haines quickly springing upon his feet folded to view. It was a lovely morning in caught him by the hind leg, and endeavored autumn, accompanied by a friend, we started to pull him from the bed, but Bruin, it upon such excursion. Not a cloud obscured seems, was as much frightened as the rest, the clear, blue sky, as the bright beams of for quickly extricating his foot from the the sun began to tinge every hill-top with a grasp, he sprang from the bed, leaned for golden light, richly in contrast with the the door, and put for the forest with all deep gloom of the vales below. speed. Our mountain streams were former- Moving leisurely along, we at last reached ly a favorite resort for the beaver tribe, the confines of the most remote clearing, and There are several meadows in town which climbing the brush fence which ran along were formed by these industrious little crea- its border, at once entered the forest wilds. tures, all of which produce a luxuriant Not a sound disturbed the surrounding still- growth of grass, and which from the earli- ness, save the joyous carol of some warbler est settlement of the town, until these lots as perched upon a slender twig, he poured were taken up and settled, was yearly cut, forth his song of praise, or the merry chitter stacked and drawn to the barns upon sleds of the bright-eyed squirrel as he nimbly the ensuing winter. sprang from tree to tree, or peered forth Some of their dams still remain almost from his sly retreat far up among the entire, but the greater part of them have branches. All was lovely, and everything been leveled by the plough of the farmer. seemed fresh with the impress of Divinity. Previous to the extension of the Passump- Beauty, utility, and perfection, exist in sic rail road from St. Johnsbury to Barton, nature's Laboratory. She brings forth no- stages ran regularly through the town, giv- thing but what is perfect. Now pausing to ing us a daily communication with other enjoy the romantic wildness of the scene, parts of the country ; but since the building then pursuing a tortuous course through of the rail road we are obliged to content some winding vale, covered with its tangled ourselves \Vith a semi-weekly mail. In 1850, growth of alders, and anon climbing some an accident of a serious nature occurred thickly wooded hill side, we, at last, reached upon this line of staging, by which a Dr. one of those mimic lakes which lie embosom- Flanders of N. H. was instantly killed, and ed among these green hills. 416 VERMONT HISTOniCAL MAGAZINE. At its eastern extremity lies a tract of cultivated farms. Following the little stream several acres, destitute of timber, covered which forms an outlet to the pond which we with a rank growth of brakes and wild grass had left behind, we soon reached another For a considerable distance around extends sheet of water somewhat smaller and oc- one unbroken wilderness. Standing upon a cupying a much lower position, yet sur- slight eminence near the center of this little rounded by the same wild beauty which clearing, we have a fine view of the sur- characterized the former. This pond is rounding scenery. Below lies the miniature situated less thixn a mile from the main road, pond with its pebbly shores and gleaming and is not far distant from the dividing line wq,tef s, while around far as vision sweeps, ex- between this town and Glover. But all days tend the huge forest trees that raise their have their end, and we reached home as the heads reverently toward Heaven, and wave gray shadows of twilight were fast deepen- in silent praise, their bright foliage in the ing into night, feeling ourselves amply re- gentle breeze. We stood upon that gentle paid for the toils and fatigues of the day. eminence, we looked down upon those limpid All the wild land in this town is now waters and beheld the dancing ripples as taken up, yet there are several lots that they broke upon the solitary shore. A thou- have not yet been settled. beauties everywhere spread around sand new Perhaps it would be well to state before ourselves in the pri- us, we almost imagined closing this cursory sketch, that General but if any mitive Eden, and could wonder Hull once owned a large portion of the insensible to the influences could be found so town, but previous to his disgraceful con- exhibitions of beauty and grandeur of these duct in the war of 1812, he exchanged with led from this contemplation of as not to be Isaac McLellan, Esq., for lands in Newbury- to look away to nature's God. nature port, Mass. Lumber has for several years This little tract of land was cleared by formed quite an article of export, and six nature, in 1806, by a tornado passing saw-mills in different parts of the town, find country. Prior to through this section of abundant occupation during the sawing sea- cut through the this time, a road had been son. known as the Duck Pond wilderness, now Our little village is situated about one travelers passing be- road, to accommodate mile from the southern boundary of the northern and southern portion of tween the town, in a pleasant and fertile valley through It was barely passable for wagons the state. which flows a small creek designated as from the settlements of this and a journey Millers run, which furnishes to the peo- town to Barton was considered quite tedious. ple all necessary water power, and adds the time of which we are speaking, a At much to the appearance of the place. The gentleman and his wife were passing through first trees were felled in this place by Jona- forest in the vicinity of Duck Pond ; they the than Gray and Samuel Daniels, in 1794, near heard the roar of the rushing blast, and its where the school-house now stands, on land nearing approach, but escape was impossible. then owned by Deacon Wm. Hawkins. The The tornado burst upon them in all its fury. first house was built by Deacon Hawkins in The huge forest trees came crashing around 1794. In 1797 he also built a saw and grist- in confused and tangled heaps, here piled mill, upon the above mentioned stream, near and crossed in multitudinous confusion, where the mills now stand. The clothing there broken and crushed in one shattered mill was built by James Townsend, in 1822 ; yet strange to narrate, our travelers, mass ; the first hotel in the village, by Sewall Brad- although so completely hemmed in by fallen ley, in 1832 ; though there were taverns timbers that it required considerable time, kept in town as early as 1800 ; the first with all the assistance which could be pro- church in town was erected by the Freewill cured to extricate their team from the Baptist society, A. D. 1829 ; one store, one tangled mass, were wholly unharmed. But church, a school-house and several dwelling we have wandered with our story. Let houses have been added quite recently. Old us return to the little eminence where antiquated buildings have been repaired, or we stood. We soon left this position and have given place to more elegant structures, followed down the western shore of the pond, and a spirit of improvement which is really across a tract of land, dry, free from stone seems at present to be mani- and apparently well calculated to reward commendable, venture fested among our citizens. The village has the labors of the husbandman ; and we churches, 2 stores, 1 grocery, 1 saw-mill, 1 to predict that at no very distant day we 2 factory, 1 carding mill, shall find in this section, a district of well shoe shop, 1 starch SHEFFIELD. 417 1 hotel, 2 blacksmith shops, 1 school house, ous condition. The Rev. Mr. Ij^ll is their 1 town hall, and 21 dwelling houses. present pastor. Number of members about 25. ECCLESIASTICAL. WESLEYAN METHODISM IN SHEF- The early settlers of this town were mostly FIELD. of the Freewill Baptist persuasion, and they BY EEV. JOHX DOLPH. early began to hold religious meetings upon In the fall of 1854, the Rev. Mr. Hall, a the sabbath. In 1800, six years after the Wesleyan Methodist minister, who was then town was first settled, the Baptists of this stationed on Albany and Glover circuit, town and Wheelock united, and the first came into this town and commenced laboring church was organized. The first monthly among the people in the vicinity of Gilbert meeting was held October 6 of that year. Square. There were soon such an interest The church at that time, counting the mem- manifested, and such an attachment to the bers from both towns, consisted of 77 mem- principles of Wesleyan Methodism displayed, bers. Although destitute of a pastor, and that Mr. Hall deemed it best to organize a with no suitable place to meet for public small class as a branch of the Glover church. worship, yet they continued their meetings, This may be considered as the commence- preserved their discipline, and enjoyed fre- ment of Wesleyan Methodism here, although quent religious revivals, as the fruit of their there had been previous to this time, a few labors, until 1829, when a church was built lectures by Wesleyan ministers, who pre- at the village, where they afterwards met ceded Mr. Hall on the charge above men- for worship. They had occasional preach- tioned. In the spring of 1856, the Rev. ing, but no steady pastor until March 9, Dyer Willis succeeded Mr. Hall, and during 1836, when they organized anew—the mem- his stay of two years he held a few evening bers of the different towns having become meetings. Mr. Willis was succeeded in the sufficiently numerous to render a separate spring of 1858 by the Rev. John Croker. organization expedient. The Rev. Zebina During Mr. Croker's stay of one year, he Young was this year installed pastor, being held a few meetings in this town. In the the first settled minister in town. To him latter part of the year he preached a few; consequently fell the right of land granted times in the school-house on what is called by the state at the time of the original Glover road, four miles from Sheffield vil- charter. Since his removal, the church has lage. Some interest was manifested by the enjoyed the labors of several different cler- inhabitants, and they expressed a desire to gymen. have regular preaching among them ; ac- In 1850, Rev. Jonathan Woodman, the cordingly, a regular appointment for preach- present pastor, was installed. He has the ing every fourth Sabbath was established. pastoral care of two churches, preaching In May, 1859, Mr. Croker was succeeded by alternately at this place and Wheelock. The Rev. John Dolph, the present pastor, who society originally built their house without took up his residence in Sheffield. Soon a steeple ; but during the past season, they after Mr. Dolph commenced his labors, it have caused some repairs to be made. The became apparent that a church organization long wished for belfry has been added, and in this town would be beneficial to the cause an excellent bell procured and placed therein. of religion ; accordingly on the 25th of July, The society now consists of 51 members. 1849, the friends of the cause met and or- ganized a church of about 40 members. Second Baptist Church. From that time to the present, although We have not been able to procure the sta- they have met with strong opposition, which tistical facts in connection with this church, grew out of prejudice, the AVesleyans have but will here insert what information we gradually increased in numbers and in- have been able to ascertain. The church fluence. Prejudice is, however, dying away, was organized soon after the great revival opposition has partially ceased, and they of 1839, and made up mostly of people re- are now in a prosperous condition, and siding in the eastern part of the town. The number, at present, about 60 members. Rev. Mr. Bugby was their first pastor. For During the past summer (1860), they have several years they held religious meetings at erected a convenient and tasty chapel for a school house in that part of the town, but religious worship, at Sheffield village, which about 1850, erected a convenient house for was dedicated on the 20th of Oct., 1860. public worship, and are now in a prosper- Rev. P. A. Field of Shelburn officiating. 418 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. We would here return our thanks to indi- of Bunker Hill, and served his country viduals who have furnished us with items of faithfully for several years afterwards. He facts pertaining to the early history of the died at the advanced age of 96 years, being town, and especially are our thanks due to the oldest person deceased in town. the Hon. John P. Ingalls and Dr. A. M. Ward, by whose efforts much of the material Deacon Stephen Drown, for this sketch has been collected. Son of Samuel Drown above mentioned, was BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. born in Rochester, N. H., September 17th, 1770, was married at the age of 21, to Sarah This town has never been prolific in what Gray, daughter of James Gray, a brief the world denominates great men, yet many sketch of whom we have before given. They are deserving of an honorable mention. moved to this town in 1795, four years after their marriage, and settled upon the farm James Gray, now owned by Elisha Davis, Esq., where One of the first settlers of the town, was they continued to reside until his death, born in Barrington, N. H. He married which occurred April 6, 1841. His wife sur- Burrill of the same place, and Hannah vived him, and is now living with her son to this town with his family in the moved Horace, and is the oldest female now resid- of 1794. There being no bridge spring ing in town, and but so short a distance is across the river at Wheelock at the time, she now removed from the scenes of her the dam, and passed on to they crossed upon earlier years, that she can sit at her Avindow their claim which was upon lot 36, now and look upon the farm where she and her Mr. Holmes. Mrs. Gray was the owned by husband first commenced their labors, and into this first white woman that ever came for nearly 50 years lived and toiled together. town. The following year Mr. Gray moved, They commenced in town poor, and often upon the lot where and commenced anew suffered for the necessaries of life. For resides. lived Isaac Pearl now Here he some time during the first year, they sub- until a year before his death, when feeble in sisted entirely upon the milk of one cow. health, and bowed down with hard labor In the spring they had been unable to obtain and the infirmities of age, he left to spend potatoes for seed, but had planted a few the remainder of his life with his son George, parings given them for the purpose, which upon the place now owned by his grandson, had sprouted and grown and were now in and L. M. M. Gray, Esq., here he continued full blossom. To this field the wife turned death. to reside until his His son Jonathan her footsteps, when she could no longer be- also came the same year with his father. hold her husband exhausted with the labors To him belongs the honor of having felled of the day, and no suitable food to prepare town. the first tree in for the evening repast. Having dug a half- incident to early settlers The hardships pint of potatoes of diminutive size and killed this time bore heavily upon Mr. Gray. At a small chicken, she prepared a meal which there was no gristmill near, and he was may well be called the first product of the take his grain sometimes even to obliged to farm. Newbury to be ground, and often for the But they did not long remain in such of a horse, he carried it upon his want own circumstances. Industry and economy Yet with all his labor and hardships back. worked wonders in their case, and they were he was healthy and vigorous, and lived to soon surrounded with plenty. Mr. Drown the good old age of 85 years. represented the town for several years in the legislature of the state, was 22 years town Samuel Duown, clerk, and taught the first school in town. Was born at Rochester, N. H. He came into He experienced religion in 1800, was the first this town in 1795. He was an old revolu- convert, and ever after one of the main pil- tionary soldier, having been attached during lars of the church. To him the people were some part of the war to an artillery corps. indebted as to a pastor for visiting the sick, His grandchildren have often heard him attending funerals, holding meetings, bap- relate incidents of different battles in which tizing converts, and performing all other he had been engaged, and of the dif&eulties pastoral duties which devolved upon him. they sometimes encountered in drawing their He lived an exemplary life, sustaining his pieces into battery in places inaccessible for Christian profession unblemished until death horses. He was first engaged in the battle closed his labors. ; SHEFFIELD. 419 Capt. Staples, The family was emphatically poor. Moses Served in the war of 1812. It is said that never had clothes proper to wear from home in one engagement he. slew with his own till after he was thirteen. That spring, in hand three British soldiers that had attacked imitation of his father and brother who were him, and afterwards joined his company in making sugar, he split troughs and dug them safety. He continued in service until the out, tapped several trees, obtained sap, and close of the war, when he moved into this after the others were done boiling and retired town and labored for several years at his to rest, and he could have the kettles, in the trade, being the first blacksmith in town. dead hours of the night, boiled his sap alone. He made wooden "clappers" for shoes, drove nails through the bottoms Hon. Joseph H. Ingalls, to keep them from slipping on the crust, and with Father of the Hon. John P. Ingalls of this some rags wound about his feet for stockings town, was born in Madbury, Mass., A. -D. and the clappers on, he was able to brush 1774. Came into Wheelock about the year about and do his work. With his sugar he 1797, where he married Comfort Weeks, bought 8 yards of tow cloth, which was daughter of Capt. Joshua Weeks of that colored black with white maple bark, all but town, and continued to live in Wheelock enough for a shirt, which was bleached as until 1806, when he moved with his family white as snow, and made up by his mother, to Sheffield, where he resided until his death. who also made his whole suit ; and when it He came into Wheelock with little or no pro- was completed he put it on, and went, into perty, but by industry and strict attention the field to show his father and Daniel. to business became a wealthy man. When his father saw him coming he ex- At one time he owned nearly all the land claimed, " There comes our clergyman ; see where our village is now situated. He was there, Daniel, I guess our Moses will make a one of the most influential citizens in the minister." It is to be borne in mind that place, and for a long series of years held only clergymen wore black in those days. responsible offices in town. Now, then, he would go to church, and for He was a member of the Vermont Legis- the first time. He had even then, as ever lature 13 years, and of the senate one year. after, a great taste for sabbath day meetings. As a man of sound judgment and thorough He went to school a few days at different business habits, he probably never had a times, but it all amounted to pretty nearly superior in town. His decease occurred nothing. June 14, 1850, aged 76 years. At the age of 17, when he had grown tall and had better health, his father gave him Elder Moses Cheney. his time, and he went out to work on a farm. BY S. p. CHENEY. At 20, he went to learn the joiner's trade; Moses Cheney was born in Haverhill, and the next year, attended school during " Mass., December 15, 1776, in an old garri- the winter, kept by Elder John Drew, as " son house still standing. also to singing school, by Mr. William Mrs. Hannah Dustin, famous in our history Fenney of Goffstown, N. H. At the close of for having killed the ten Indians that cap- these two schools, his teachers give him tured and carried her from Haverhill up the the credit of having done very well ; and the Merrimac river to where Concord, N. H., latter, as Avas his custom, to his best scho- now is, was his great grandmother. lar, at the close of a winter's school, "gave When he was 5 years old, the family Moses Cheney his pitch-pipe and singing moved to Sanbornton, N. H., where his book." father purchased 60 acres of wild land, and He was now a healthy and powerful man, with much hard labor reared a family of 9 stood 6 feet and an inch in his boots, broad- children. shouldered, with long and strong arms. He Moses was the second child, a weakly boy was a great chopper, and at one time, felled kept in doors pretty much in childhood. He two acres of trees of heavy growth in two sat on the split basswood floor by the side of days, finishing the second day when the sun his mother, and learned to read of her while was two hours high. Moreover, he was not linen. she spun Their library consisted of only strong, but remarkably quick, and the English Primer, Watts' Psalms and could leap a line that he could walk erectly Hymns, and the Bible. The first he com- under with his hat on. mitted to memory and much of the New At the age of 24 he married Abigail Lea- Testament, which he retained through life. vitt, eldest daughter of Moses Leavitt of ; 420 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Sanbornton, N. H., and pursued his trade ture followed him day and night for one year with much ambition. But at the close of till he " did preach " from it, and then it about three years of excessive labor, his was gone ; but another took its place, and health was gone, and in addition to this, so on. He thought he could not preach, and within six months, they lost their two little after trying a few times, declared he would children. In his own words, "he was at not. Then came terrible trials and tempta- that time brought to a childless state — a tions, all the while growing worse and healthless state — a comfortless state — a worse, till a certain time, concerning which, hopeless state — a sinful state — and a state let him speak for himself: of condemnation." He also adds, "When "It came to pass one day, as I was on thp the breath left the body of our little boy, I way to school, crossing a pasture, in a deep lifted my right hand and said, I have now hollow, out of sight of all flesh, I came to a done with the happiness of this world, unless sudden stop, and stood still. I could not so I find it in God." much as turn to the right or to the left, nor He suffered much for about four weeks, could I go forward a single step, till the when he was urged to go into social com- great question was decided about preaching. pany ; and he was inclined so to do ; but a I stood, I know not how long ; at length I ' voice said to him, "What did you promise ? began to repeat the following words : Lord, It will be four weeks to-morrow, at 9 o'clock, open doors and provide places for me to since you made that promise—wait! " And preach in—open ears to hear me, and give he did. The morning came, and as the hour me food and raiment convenient for myself drew near he was impressed to go to a cer- and family, and I am thy servant forever.' tain wood ; he went and there sat as he felt Never was there an agreement more tho- directed, and took from his pocket a leaf of roughly ratified. I believe the Holy Spii'it of the Bible, which he had secretly put was the editor on my tongue to print a word there, and read : " This shall be written for at a time until the whole was finished." the generation to come, and they shall praise The next sabbath he preached, and from the Lord." In an instant his sorrows were that time forward he continued to preach all gone, and he was leaping and praising until his death. The first few years of his God. He hastened home and told his wife ministry he was with the Freewill Baptists of his happiness. Ran to neighbor Copp, but a most singular vision caused him to who was mowing close by, and told him. leave them, and join the Calvinistic Baptists, He dropped his scythe and met him, and to the principal doctrines of which sect he both rejoiced with great joy. adhered through life. ^' After the turn about in my mind," he We can not follow him through his long writes, " I applied myself to the Bible, being ministry ; but it must be said that probably unable to do any work. The word of God no man ever preached, prayed and sung " became my meat and drink ; I really thought more for 30 years than Old Elder Cheney." I loved God's law. I thought I loved to He was a great Bible student, prepared his pray. I thought I loved to praise. I thought sermons well, but never wrote them. He I loved to speak, and I thought I loved to was a natural, spirited, and gifted orator, hear. I thought I loved to mourn and to always so plainly setting forth his ideas, rejoice—in a word, that I loved all that God that all who heard understood and were loved, and hated all He hated. I attended pleased. His large, white head, and pro- all the meetings that I could, and I think I portionately large Roman nose, gave him a always had something given me to say." most dignified look. His voice was a pure The loss of his health brought him to tenor, and whether you heard him sing or think of the study of medicine, and the next preach, you could but feel that he possessed spring he commenced it with Dr. Daniel great vitality, and capability of most pro- Jacobs of Gilmanton Corners. At the same tracted vocal effort. time he entered the academy for one term, He was a man capable of the most deeply and it was said he went ahead in both. He solemn feelings and looks; but he enjoyed a also taught a singing school in the academy. little fun at proper times, as well as any After that he taught town schools, and pur- other man, and was capable of using sharp and sarcastic, sued the medical study for a while ; but at words, was sometimes but length gave that up and taught summer and never bitter. • He used to say he was "sorry winter for four years. to have people laugh under his preaching, But all this time he had "impressions" but they ivould sometimes." Yet tears were that he must preach, and one passage of Scrip- as common as smiles. A stranger to him ; SHEFFIELD. 421 once told it about right, when she said, For 20 or more of the last years of his " Father Cheney, I heard you preach once, life, he was free from all sectarianism ; and and I never laughed and cried so much in ceased to be interested in the new move- one sermon." ments of the Baptists, or to attend their He was a most intense lover of music, and associations. While he was living in San- his musical talents were of great service to bornton, the Meridith Association to which him. He imparted them to his children, all he had belonged, held a meeting at New of whom could sing before they could re- Hampton, which was close by him. The member. The family consisted of five sons association appointed a committee "to go and four daughters ; four of the sons and and visit Father Cheney, and ascertain one of the daughters were teachers of mu- where he was." They called on him and sic, and at one time were known as the made their business known. He told them, Cheney Family. The whole nine are still very pleasantly, that they " might return to living. the association, and tell them that Old In the early years of his ministry, he was Father Cheney was away back behind, right accustomed a good deal of the time to go in the middle of the road, with the good, old here and there, in a sort of missionary style, Bible under his arm''^ —and that was all they as he was invited, and so was from home a could get from him. great deal. It was a singular fact, that if He believed, and made known his belief, there was any trouble or sickness at home, that the Baptists had ceased to be the spirit- he was informed of it, and that too, without ual people they were when he joined them, any visible messengers ; and many times he and were "too much conformed to this went home, when he had arranged far dif- woi'ld." He believed that a man, to be a ferently, because he "was impressed" to true and genuine preacher of the Gospel, go ; and sometimes he knew the precise must verily "be called of the Spirit to nature of the cause that called him home. preach," and when he was so called, "must There is scarcely a town in all New Hamp- go to preaching, and not to a theological shire in which he has not preached, and seminary to Team to preach. He must preach ever after he was 40 years old he was fami- and study, and study and preach, and God liarly known all abroad as " Old Father Che- would take care of him.^' He claimed that " ney," or "Old Elder Cheney —not because the Scriptures sustained him in this belief he was decrepid, for he had very little of and could we, in this brief sketch, lay before that up to the last year of his life, but his the reader the thrilling accounts he has left hair was abundant and white at 40, having on record of the numerous revivals of reli- been red originally. gion that followed his preaching, and the In the summer of 1823, he moved to the numerous churches that were built up from town of Derby, Vt., where he was the pastor them, he might see other reasons why he of a church for several years. During his should believe as he did. residence there, he occasionally accepted a In politics he was a thorough-going old call for a few weeks or months from towns fashioned Jeffersonian Democrat from first in other parts of the state, and even in New to last. Hampshire and Massachusetts, and spent He abhorred dishonesty in any man, and one entire summer in the town of Littleton, hated above all things to be cheated; we Mass. He loved "the sea-board." He also give an anecdote to illustrate this: The preached in Beverly, and 30 years ago, he Baptist Society in Derby, on a certain time was well known in the towns and cities of thought they ought to do more than they Exeter, Portsmouth, Salem, Chelmsford, Low- were doing for the Elder, so they appointed ell and Groton. a committee to purchase a cow and present At length he sold out at Derby, and went her to him. They did so, and he was very back and lived and preached two or three grateful. But upon trial, the milk of the years in Sanbornton, N. H., and towns cow was found to be skimmed milk, and that around. In 1843, he finally moved to Shef- continually. She was faithfully tried for field, Vt., where he lived till his death, Aug. one week ; during which time the Elder as- 9, 1856. During these last 13 years he had certained that the committee had bought her the charge of no church, but continued to of a man who had once made him ' pay for preach till his last sickness. He was always, a pair of blinders twice,' and that, together but particularly in his old age, much called with the fact that there Avas "no cream on upon to preach funeral sermons, and to offi- the joke," determined the Elder to return the ciate at weddings. cow. So one morning he called one of his 49 : ; ! 422 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. boys to 'Mm, and said: "Here P., take this took off for the bars. I was still at his whip, and drive that cow back to where she heels laying on the beech, till I saw the came from, and tell Deacon Carpenter that battle was won. That was a terrible fight your father says he will stand a law suit It was both furious and long. I was very before he will take the gift of her." It warm and rather short for breath ; and as for was done as he commanded, as the writer of curl-head, if he did not puff and blow and " this personally knows, and that was the sweat, no matter! last of "the present" on both sides. Last to be mentioned, but the first narrow He was a high-tempered man, but usually escape he had, was in this wise: When a kept that temper under his control, or as he little boy, he went to carry his father his used to say, he " kept down the Dustin dinner, where he was felling trees. He had blood." He was not in the habit of doing arranged a "drove" of trees, so that by starting one, they would all go down. He things hastily ; but when it Avas necessary for any work of severity to be done, he was did not see his boy approaching, until the not the man to flinch. trees had started. In an instant he cried " Among other peculiar things in his history out, "Run, Moses ! but Moses had no time we may mention his numerous escapes with to run. He was close to a large hemlock, his life, when there seemed but a step be- when he saw his danger, and dropped be- tween him and death. He was once drowned tween two large roots that had grown in till he "lay still." Once barely escaped such a way as to leave a cavity just large from freezing, having fallen into the water enough to receive him. The thick limbs fell on a very cold day, and having miles to go all round about and over him. His father before he could reach a house. At two dif- shrieked "I have killed my boy," but Moses ferent times it was thought he must die with was not hurt. His father cut away the fever. His life was despaired of when he limbs and took him out, and was so much affected, "he went home, related the story had the measles ; and he was once thrown from a carriage and his neck nearly broken. to the family and went to bed." The stump At about the age of 18 years he had an of that tree lasted many years, and Moses encounter with a cross bull, which so well went often to visit it, while the family lived there, sets forth his physical powers, and so well and he says: "After my father proves that the Dustin blood was " strong moved away, I was often back to visit the blood " even to the fourth generation, we are old hemlock stump. At length I sought in vain for any remains of it. have tempted to a description of it in his own / not been words there since." Then he wrote the following: "I was requested by my employer to go Fareiuell to the Old Hemlock Tree. to a certain pasture and drive said animal to Old Hemlock, you're the bars. I had heard, by the by, that he gone—ah how lonely I feel! was cross, and drove his owner out of his When I knew where you stood then I knew barn yard only a few days before. I did not — where to kneel wish to discover cowardice ; so not a word 'Twas thither I flew, when no other could was to be said, but out into the large pasture save; I went in pursuit of the chap. But by the And the tall evergreen saved the boy from way, it looked proper enough to furnish the grave. myself with a tough beech sprout about six feet long. I thought it best to go at him as My God ! didst Thou plant that strong-root- authority. one having At first he seemed to ed tree consider me so, and started off very peace- On the side of this hill, just to save one like ably but suddenly, as ; we were rising a steep me? bank, he whirled and came at me with great Yes, answers my Lord, when 'twas small as fury. I voided out of his way, and flew to a hair, a large clump of bass bushes that surround- I bid it stand there and watch and take care. ed a great stump. Round the bushes I went, and he after me, on the clean jump. I My Lord and my King ! your command was soon overtook him, and put on the cudgel obeyed. the whole length of his back. Then he When the fast falling trees threatened death whirled again after me, and I after him, and o'er my head. as often as I overtook him he took six feet And the lad was secure by Eternal decree of beech. In this way we played circus till Through the watch and the care of the Old my antagonist gave a frightful roar, and Hemlock Tree. ; ST. JOHNSBURY. 423 Old Hemlock, you're gone, yet I see where you stood SUTTOiT. And pointed your green, spriggy hands up BY JOHN BECKWITH, ESQ. to God, Sutton is a of Cale- Ne'er shall I forget, with my heart full of joy. town on the north side 44° 30'' How thou kept the command and protected donia county, on a latitude of about the boy. north. It is bounded south by Lyndon, east — by Burke, north by AVestmore and Newark, Old Hemlock, you're gone 'tis a warning to west by Sheffield. It lies about 40 miles N. all, E. of Montpelier and 18 northwesterly from That just as thou didst, so must we all fall St. Johnsbury. Farewell, then, old friend, but this pledge Sutton was chartered by the name of take from me, Billymead, Feb. 26, A. D. 1782, to Jonathan I'll be kind unto others, as thou wast to me. Arnold and his associates, by his excellency Thomas Chittenden, then governor of the Thus we have briefly considered a few of state of Vermont, and contains 28,140 acres. the leading incidents in the life of this sin- In 1812, the name was changed to Sutton. gular, but natural and noble-hearted man. The settlement of the town was commenced At no period of his life was he more interest- in the year A. D. 1790, by Mr. Hacket, who ing as a man and a Christian, than during was soon after joined by several other fami- his last illness. Through all that long and lies from Sandwich and Moultonboro in the terrible ordeal of more than three months' county of StaiFord, N. H., together with a suffering, he was never known to be impa- few families from Lyndon and the adjoining tient for a moment, nor breathe a word of towns. The town was organized July 4th, regret. At one time, he said to his daughter A. D. 1794. Samuel Orcutt was chosen mo- was almost constantly with him, "if who derator ; James Cahoon, town clerk ; John you see any symptoms of impatience about Anthony, Samuel Cahoon and Samuel Or- me at any time, tell me ; and may God forbid cutt, selectmen; and Jeremiah Washburn, that one who has tried to preach his word constable. The surface of the town is gene- for half a century, should murmur at his rally level, laying in four swells or ridges, will at last." which are called the south, middle, north His disease was dropsy of the chest ; but and east ridges. These divisions are made all its pains could not exclude him from mo- by three branches of the Passumpsic river, ments of most ecstatic joy, and even at times which have their sources in the north and he would wish he could be out of doors, that west part of said town, and running south- he might have more room to praise in. A eastwardly unite in Lyndon. These streams brother minister asked him if he was hap- afi"ord plenty of water power. py ? He replied, " Yes, but not all of the There are in the N. W. part of the town time ; sometimes there is a cloud in the several ponds, which are well supplied with way; hut I know ivho is behind the cloud." fish, and are situated on an elevation where A few hours before he expired (his speech the waters divide, a part running southerly having been many days gone), his son Moses to the Connecticut river, a part north to the sung a portion of the "Dying Christian," St! Francis river. In some places a few commencing with, " The world recedes and hours' labor would cause rills or brooks to disappears." Instantly his dying father flow to the St. Lawrence river or Long Island seemed to be inspired ; he had known the sound. There are several bogs of marl of music and words long before the son was which lime is made ; also, several sulphur born, and when he came to the line, " Lend, springs, some iron ore and a quarry of lend your wings, I mount, I fly," he raised slate. both hands, 'neither of which he had been The natural timber was principally syca- able to move for more than a week, and beat more or sugar maple, with some beech, birch the time throughout to the ; end and when and ash ; but along the streams are large " the last words Oh death where is thy quantities of spruce and white cedar. The " sting were sung—shouted a loud and ex- soil is generally free from stone, and is well " ulting "Amen ! adapted to the raising of oats and grass. That was his last loud word ; he expired The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in agri- without a struggle, and, as we trust, is now culture. There is a small village near the reaping the rewards of a long, thoughtful, centre of the town, consisting of about 30 and active Christian life. dwelling houses and about 200 inhabitants. ;; 424 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. The Passiimpsic rail road passes through the expecting a war with Great Britain, and the centre of the town from Burke to Barton. people of the town gave him little encourage- There is but one mountain worthy of no- ment. tice which is in the northwest part of the Elder Colby, however, was so strongly town near Lake AVilloughby, and is called impressed that the Lord would clear the Mount Pisgah or Millstone Movintain ; it is way before him and assist him, that he re- about 4000 feet above tide water and 200 solved to build at his own expense. His above the waters of the lake. The inhabit- engagements were such that he had only ants of the town have ever been celebrated about one week to stay in town. During for the manufacture of maple sugar ; accord- this time he selected a spot near the centre ing to the census of the. state they have al- of the town, adjoining a grave yard, pur- ways made a larger quantity than any other chased the land, contracted for the lumber, town in the state of equal population. nails, glass, &c., and also with a workman to complete the outside of the house by the 20th of June following. He then gave out HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE FREE- an appointment to preach' in the new house WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. on the last Sabbath in the same June ; while the timber was yet growing in the forest. BY KEV. 1. T. HARKIS. At the day appointed he preached in the In the early settlement of the town, a few new house agreeable to his notice. This families from Sandwich, N. H., located here, house has long since gone to decay, and in who were either Freewill Baptists or favor- the year 1832 another neat and commodious able to their doctrines and usages. They house was erected by the society, which is soon established social meetings, which were still occupied. About the year 1833 or 1884, held in private houses and school houses while the church was under the pastoral but were seldom favored with preaching care of Rev. Jonathan Woodman, its name until December, 1799, when Rev. Joseph and policy were changed to correspond with Quimby from N. H. visited them, and found the general Baptists in England, but did not an interesting revival of religion in progress. meet with the favor of many members of the There being no organized church in town it old church, and in October, 1837, it was was thought proper to organize a Freewill again organized into a Freewill Baptist Baptist church, which was effected in De- church, by a council consisting of Revs. D. cember, 1799, consisting of 8 or 9 members Quimby, J. Quimby and David Swett. The Bradbury M. Richardson was chosen deacon. church was now composed of 20 members, The church was organized in the house of a but soon large additions were made. Rev. J. Mr. Cahoon, where a serious, yet fortunate Woodman, now of Wheelock, filled the pas- accident occurred. Being assembled in a torate of this church with marked ability and room directly over the cellar, the sleepers success for nearly 30 years. Rev. R. D. gave way and the congregation were preci- Richardson preached here some 10 or 12 pitated into the cellar. But as the falling years, and succeeded well as a preacher and floor assumed a tunnel shape, they all rolled pastor. The labors of several other minis- or tumbled into a confused pile in the cen- ters have been enjoyed by this church whose not here given. Rev. L. T. tre ; and fortunately no one was injured. names are Har- Rev. Mr. Quimby remained with. them some I'is is the present pastor. The church now time and the revival increased in interest, numbers about 100. and for several years scarcely a month We have a neat and pleasant parsonage in passed without some additions to the church, the village, a congregation of about 200, a which in October, 1810, nvimbered 117. The prosperous sabbath school with about 600 first meeting house was built in 1812, by volumes in its library. In the fall of 1859, Rev. John Colby, under peculiar circum- the people were called out to pursue a bear stances. The fact that they were destitute of a which had been seen in the town. After a suitable place of worship impressed his mind chase of two or three hours by about 40 men very deeply with the importance of proceed- and boys, the bear was shot ; after which ing to build. He accordingly drew a plan the company were called together to deter- for a convenient hoiise, and laid the subject mine in what way to dispose of the avails of before the people of the town and tried to the hunt. It was agreed, without a dissent- encourage them to build. A few were zeal- ing voice, to appropriate the money ($11) ous for the enterprise. Some were too poor, to purchase books for the Sunday school others had their land to pay for. They were library. — — ; WALDEN. 425 more readily than John, and on one occasion, GIANT BOY OF SUTTON. when they were called to recite, John failing Frank Rice, son of John M. Rice, was born to have his lesson committed was sent back to April 12, 1854. When 5 years of age he study it over. Upon which the boys quietly weighed 105 pounds. In the fall after he changed seats, and when John Avas called was 3 years old a basket containing one out to recite again, Charles came promptly bushel of potatoes was placed before him, and recited the lesson, and the teacher was which he readily raised from the ground by satisfied. "The resemblance is still,so per- the ears of the basket. He is now 8 years fect," their father writes, "I do not often old, and weighs about 130 pounds, not having attempt to distinguish them, and can not do grown as fast for two or three years past as so without the closest inspection." Ed. formerly. His form is good, being in about the usual proportions. He is also much in adrance of his years in intelligence and judg- ment. A few years since a caravan was ex- hibiting at the village, which drew out the BY HON. JAMES D. BEH. usual crowd of people attendant upon the Walden is 6 miles square, situated in the traveling menagerie and circus in the coun- western part of Caledonia county, having try town. Our little hero came down to the Cabot on the S. W., Danville on the S. E., show and the people from abroad, are — we Goshen Gore on the N. E., and Hardwick on told by an eye witness, gathered around him the N. W. It lies 25 miles N. E. from Mont- with as much curiosity as they evinced for pelier, and 12 W. from St. Johnsbury. the wonders of the menagerie. Indeed, our Walden belonged to Orange county until reliable nai'rator rather carried the idea that the organization of Caledonia county in 1796 the "big boy" eclipsed the caravan. Ed. was granted Nov. 6, 1780 ; chartered August I8, 1781, by the legislature of Vermont, to THE HARRIS TWINS. Moses Robinson and 64 others, on condition John Wesley and Charles Wesley Harris, that each grantee put under cultivation 5 sons of Rev. L. T. Harris, born Sept. 11, acres and build a house 18 feet square or 1851, in Brookfield this state, are noted more within 3 years after the close of the for a similarity unusual even for in twins war, the state ever reserving all pine timber their looks, size and general appearance. suitable for naval purposes. The town was At their birth there was a diflference of but surveyed in 1786. in one ounce their weight, one weighing 6 The surface is broken, laying upon the lbs. 10 oz., and the other 6 lbs. 11 oz., and high lands that divide' waters flowing from there has never been known since, at any a marsh near the center of the town east into one time, a greater diiference than one the Connecticut river, and west into the St. pound, and usually the difference has not Lawrence by way of the river Lamoille and exceeded the original ounce. While infants lake Champlain. The soil is good, produc- their distinguished mother them by strings ing grass and the English grains in abund- of different colored beads, till when from ance. The highest point of land is under eight to ten old, first months one and then cultivation, and is probably the most elevated the other broke the their beads from necks, improved land in the state. The snows fall Avhereupon a string of red yarn was tied very deep, covering the earth nearly one- around the ancle and worn for a long time half the year. One of the early residents a distinguishing as mark. When they were described the town as being a first rate place about one year old, one of them being unwell, for sleigh rides, for the reason that we have the mother after getting them to sleep, pre- nine months winter and the other three pared some medicine to give the sick child months were very late in the fall. There when it should awake. At length the child has been but little emigration west from as she supposed, aroused, and the medicine Walden, the farms of the first settlers are was administered, but shortly after, by con- generally occupied by their sons. There are sulting the red string on the ancle, it was now probably in town 25 voters by the name found the well child had taken the medicine. of Perkins who have descended from two Their present weight is 91^ pounds. They persons of that name among the early set- still retain the same similarity in their looks, tlers, thus showing the peculiar attachments and those best acquainted with them can not that surround mountain homes. distinguish the one from the other. Charles, Joe's brook, which has its origin in Cole's however, is able to get his lessons in school pond in the north part of the town, runs —; 426 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. southerly into Joe's pond in Cabot, thence John Stevens, who were the first settlers on into the Passumpsic, is the largest stream. or near the county I'oad — a road running Cole's pond was discovered by a hunter by nearly centrally through the town east and the name of Cole from St. Johnsbury, thus west, which was laid out by a special act of deriving its name. Lyfford's pond in the the. Vermont legislature, probably in 1801. south part of Walden was also discovered by The land upon which they originally settled one of Gen. Hazen's men of that name. A is still occupied by their sons, and it may small portion of Joe's pond is situated in not be amiss to say in this connection, that town. they were men possessed of sterling qualities, Joe's brook and pond derived their names and met the exigencies incident to the hard- from a friendly Indian of the St. Francis ships of life in a new settlement with pa- tribe who first discovered them, and used to tience, courage and hope largely developed fish and hunt in and around them. He had lived to a good old age, and departed leaving a cabin in town for himself and his squaw the impress of their exertions on the religi- Molly, for some years after its settlement. ous, educational and other institutions of the He rendered valuable service to the early town. settlers by warning them of danger from his Walden was organized March 24, 1794, red brethren, and in assisting them to ex- Nathaniel Perkins, town clerk, Nathan Bar- plore the wilderness around. He died at an ker, Nathaniel Perkins and Joseph Burley, advanced age in Newbury in 1819. His me- selectmen, Samuel Gilman, treasurer, Elisha mory was ever kindly cherished by those Cate, constable. In March, 1795, Samuel whom he had befriended. Capt. Joe, as he Huckins was first grand juror, and in the was familiarly called, in his old age received the same year Nathaniel Perkins was elected a pension of $70 per year granted by the first representative. legislature of Vermont. March, 1796, the town voted to raise 30 In 1779, Gen. Hazen built a military road bushels of wheat to pay for preaching, 30 do. from Peacham through Cabot, Walden, Hard- to pay for schooling, $10 worth to defray wick, and north to Hazen's notch in West- town expenses ; and appointed a committee field. Hazen's road, as it is still called, of three to hire preaching. Thus early passes through the S. W. part of Walden, evincing their interest in the cause of reli- and was of essential service to those who gion and education. early came into town. Gen. H. built a block In March, 1797, voted to raise $5 for town house on the land now occupied by Cyrus expenses for the current year, being the first Smith, and left a small garrison to man it money raised by the town for any purpose, until the next year. The name of the officer and $25 for schools likewise, and selected left in command was Walden, who requested the first petit jurors. that the town should receive his name when First sermon in town by Elder Chapman, chartered, which was accordingly done. at the house of Nathaniel Perkins, in 1794. The block house remained for some years Dr. George C. Wheeler came into town in and was temporarily occupied by many of 1828; remained about one year; was the the first settlers, having the honor of having first physician. James Bell, the first lawyer, the first school, the first sermon and the first being the only professional man that ever birth in town, and at one time a family by permanently resided in town. the name of Sabin, consisting of father, mo- Nathaniel Fai-rington, Jr., was first mer- ther and 26 children within its walls. chant. Jesse Perkins, son of Nathaniel Walden Avas mainly settled by emigrants Perkins, first child born in town, is still a from New Hampshire. Nathaniel Perkins resident. No settled minister has ever had moved his family into town in 1789, his a residence in Walden. being the only family for the three succeed- The first death in town was that of Sumuel ing years. Nathan Barker was the next. Gilman, caused by the burning off and falling Mr. B. was soon followed by Joseph Burley, of a stub of a tree where he was clearing on Samuel and Ezekiel Gilman, Elisha and Ben- the farm now occupied by Otis Freeman. jamin Cate, Samuel Huckins, Robert Carr, He left his house in the evening to roll to- Major Roberson and many others, who main- gether the brands of the piles that were ly settled on or near the Hazen road ; and so burning ; not returning, his wife went in rapidly was the settlement increased, that in search and found his lifeless body crushed ISOOthe inhabitants numbered 153; at which to the earth, and was obliged to obtain as- time numerous families arrived, among whom sistance of a neighbor before it could be ex- were Timothy Haynes, Stephen Currier and tricated. The second death was that of Mrs. WALDEN. 427 Melcher, who was buried with her infant a preaching for a long series of years. Its few days old. The third, Ezekiel Gilman, present membership is 107. killed by the rolling of a log upon him while A Universalist society was formed in 1829, engaged in rearing a log cabin. First mar- and a Freewill Baptist in 1837. The two riage, Mr. Melcher. First school taught by last have only occasional preaching. Nathaniel Perkins. The oldest person de- ceased in town was Mrs. George aged 102. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Her son Moses is now 90 years of age. Ed- Capt. Enoch Foster, ^^ living, 91 ward Smith is the oldest now aged Was born at Bow, N. H., in the year 1770. years. At the age of 13 he removed to Peacham, college graduates There have been five Vt., with his parents, where he lived until from this town, viz : Rev. Samuel H. Shepley, the year 1800, when he removed to AValden. Pennsylvania; now a teacher in Mark Du- Much of his early manhood was spent in teacher in Kentucky James S. rant, now a ; the woods. He was often employed as a Durant, now a physician in Danville ; Daniel guide by the early settlers, to conduct them ; Giles F. W. Stevens, teaching in Ohio and to different parts of the country. Indian Joe student in Montgomery, now a theological was his constant companion in the woods for Ohio. a number of years. Capt. Foster was a man of school districts, 18. Present number of stern integrity and possessed great en- first built a Union house in The church was ergy, which together, made him a friend of South Walden, in 1826 ; the second, a Con- all. gregational house, in in the north part 1844, Many are the strangers that remember his ; the third last, a Union of Walden and generous hospitality. He lived to follow house, in in the southerly part of the 1856, four of his six children to the grave, and town. died at the age of 84 years. He was a mem- Walden has suffered for the want of a ber of the Congregationalist church for 40 center. There is no village in town, common years, and died as he had lived, a zealous and no mills that do business to much Christian. amount, excepting saw mills. Population in 1860, 1102, showing an increase during Nathaniel Farbington, the last decade of about 200. Came into Walden from New Hampshire in 1799, and settled on the farm now occupied by Jacob Dutton. He was possessed of pro- CHURCHES. perty to some extent—a man of energy, so The first church organization was Con- much so that in 1802, he raised 1300 bushels gregational, organized in 1805. Its deacon, of English grains, accumulated property Theophilus Rundlet, was a man of fervent rapidly, kept the only hotel in town, for a j/iety, and conducted public worship on number of years, and in various ways ex- the sabbath, with the help of occasional erted a controllifig influence over his towns- preaching, for many years. He left town, men. He represented Walden in the state &.nd was gathered to his grave like a shock legistature in 1801-2-3-8-9 and 1811. He of corn fully ripe, at an advanced age, a few lived to old age, and left a large property to years since. This church has lost its organ- his children. ization, and none of its records are to be Nathaniel Fakrington, Jr. found. In 1828 a new Congregational church was formed, and by the aid of the Came into town when a lad with his father. Vermont D. M. society and other sources, it He early developed business tact, was the was supplied with the services of a clergy- first merchant in town, and engaged to man for some years, but is now essentially the time of his death, in 1854, in farming, disbanded. Its two first deacons, Merrill merchandizing, building mills, &c., ever Foster and Gilman Dow, being dead, and doing a large miscellaneous business, there- others of its members, united with the Con- by adding largely to his own estate, and gregational church in Hardwick. to the material wealth of the town. He In 1810 a Methodist E. church was formed was possessed of a cool, sound judgment, by Elders Kilbourn and Hoyt. Nathaniel and exercised an influence rarely attained, Gould and wife, Timothy Haynes and wife, over his fellow townsmen for a long series and Nathaniel Perkins and wife, were among of years. He was town representative in its original members. It is the leading de- the years 1828-29-30-31-36 and 37. Simple nomination in town ; has had constant * This article furnished by a friend. 428 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. and unostentatious in his own habits, he Robert Johnston of Newbury, Vt., in which disbursed of his means with great liberality town Mr. Bell was brought up to manhood. for the maintenance and education of his Not far from 1800, he went to reside in large family, and ever exercised a kind, con- Hardwick, Vt., and was married to Lucy siderate care over the interests of those whom Dean of Hardwick, Mass., in 1801. Soon he had assisted by pecuniary aid, to better after this, he became entangled with a law- their fortune, and his memory is cherished yer for whom he had done business as de- gratefully by the poor and needy. puty sheriff. A legal quarrel arose which lasted for years ; litigation stripped him of Nathaniel Perkins his property, and threatened to ruin him. Moved his family into town in 1789, being The struggles of that season of his life re- the only family there for the three succeed- quired more courage than to fight -v^ith phy- ing years. sical giants. The inevitable privations of He was possessed of uncommon energy, the early settler, the scarcity of provisions, which enabled him to overcome the difficul- when the cleai'ings were small, and shaded ties and hardships incident to living thus by the thick forests which encircled them, so separated from the neighborhood of men. that the grain which had struggled through On one occasion he went to Newbury, a dis- the summer was likely to be nipped by un- foot, tance of 30 miles, on and procured a timely frosts ; the fearful drain upon pecu- bushel of Indian corn meal and returned niary means, and the excitement attendant with it on his shoulders. upon litigation ; the wants of a young family His house the of all first was home the of children, whom he tenderly loved ; the settlers for the time being, and no weary pain to think that he had made the sharer traveler was denied its shelter, or a share in of his trials a woman Avho had seen better its sometimes extremely scanty stores. He days,—a woman of the strictest principles, represented his town in the state legislature ambitious—and who must have been more in 1795, being its first representative, also than human to be always patient under the in ' 96-99-1 800-.1 804-5 and 6. allotments of fortune ; —was enough to tempt Mr. Perkins was one of the original mem- a less buoyant spirit to do as another indivi- bers of the Methodist church, and ever one dual was advised to when sorely tried. Still, of its pillars. He lived to see great changes he never yielded, but rather pressed onward. in the town of his early adoption, and died The " divinity that shapes our ends," used at the age of 90 years, leaving numerous de- this roughhewing as a means of showing to scendants. himself and others the talents that were in A friend has kindly furnished the follow- him. He became too poor to employ coun- ing: sel, and was obliged to defend himself and James Bell. plead his own causes ; and soon displayed John, Austin of pure Norman extraction, a wit and a native eloquence, which, in those native of Glasgow, Scotland, invented the primitive times were more than a match for tulip-shaped bell—for which he was knighted his mere legal antagonist. He eventually by Queen Elizabeth, and took the name of drove him from the field, and was ever after Bell. He was a staunch Presbyterian, and engaged in legal business, though not ad- during the religious controversy was obliged mitted to the bar for a number of years to flee, and went to the north of Ireland. after. thence a large family From of brothers emi- He settled in Walden in 1804 or 5 ; in 1810 grated to the United States, and settled in he commenced the farm where he ever after various parts of the Union. James, the lived, and where his son, Hon. James D, second son, settled in New Hampshire, froi^ Bell now resides. The place was entirely whom the subject of the following sketch wild, and the first tree fallen was the foun- descended. dation log on which his cabin was erected. James Bell was born in Lyme, N. H., in De- In 1815 he was elected to the state legislat- cember, 1776. His father, James Bell, was ure, after having had conferred on him the accidentally killed by falling on the point of a office of justice of the peace, captain of mi- scythe which he was carrying on his shoulder. litia, &c., which honors in those days were His son was then but two years old. Mr. not without their significance. He was Bell's mother was a woman of strong sense again elected to the legislature in 1818, and and Christian character, for whom he ever was a member of that body for 10 years in cherished the strongest affection and respect. succession. He was an eloquent debater, She married for her second husband, Col. and few men had more influence in the WALDEN. 429 house. Few were there whose political sway- which had been made by one who had the was felt more throughout the state than My. honor of belonging to one of the most liberal Bell. professions in the world ; and the man af- At the time that Mr. B. was admitted to terwards ingenuously said, that he was never the bar of Caledonia county, it was composed so used up. of a constellation of many of the first order In 1832, Mr. B. made a public profession, of talents, among whom he was received as a and joined the Congregational church in peer, and in mother wit surpassed perhaps Hardwick ; and was ever after a conscien- any one of them. Intellectual sport he en- tious and constant attendant at the sanctu- joyed from the foundations of his being, and ary, when his health permitted. He Avas a his irrepressible laughter was genial and lover of freedom, and a hater of oppression. sparkling, as the bursting forth of sunshine. Well, do we remember his relating the fol- He moreover had an immense persuasive in- lowing anecdote. He was standing in front of the Capitol at Washington, when a gang fluence with a jury ; his sympathies being strong, he intuitively hit upon those points of slaves, manacled together, and driven by which would sway them in the direction he their keeper, passed by. When they came wished. opposite the Capitol, they struck up, "Hail! !" The man was the man in his esteem, what- Columbia and the refrain was kept up un- til their voices were lost in the distance. ever the texture of his coat might be ; his " client's wrongs were his own wrongs, and He said : What a satire upon our brags of he defended him with a zeal and enthusiasm freedom was that music from those uncon- scious wretches ! I to that never flagged till his point was gained. Oh, how longed stand He was a hard man to face, for perhaps when upon the floor of that house and say what I his legal antagonist had finished a labored wanted to say." He was an earnest tem- plea, and thought his mountain stood strong, perance advocate. During the political and conflicts of his a few playful sallies from Bell, or a stroke or other manhood, he was a two of the scalpel of satire directed to the firm, warm friend, and a most whole-souled weak points of his argument, and he would despiser of those he disliked ; but, as age find the whole fabric tumbling about his advanced, and the tumults of life receded, the afi^ections became predominant, and em- ears. , A case of this kind occurred once, when he w^as attending court in a neighbor- braced all. His sportiveness almost went ing state, where he was a stranger. The with him to the grave. After he was so in- counsel on the other side was a man of pre- firm that his step was almost as uncertain as tension, wealthy, influential, and much of an infant's, he said to some one, alluding to an egotist. He made a great eifort for his his infirmities, that there was one thing he client, represented the wrongs he had suf- could do as quick as ever. "And what is fered as without a parallel, labored to excite that?" said the person addressed. "I can the sympathy by the presentation of argu- fall down as- quick as ever I could !" was the ments drawn from no vei-y apparent facts, answer. He was chosen a member of the and worked himself up to a very high point council of censors, in 1848, which was the of commisseration for his much abused client, last public service in which he engaged. and sat down. Mr. Bell arose with a very There is but one sketch of any of his public solemn face, but a queer twinkle of the eye, efi"orts remaining. That was reported by S. B. Colby, Esq. of Montpelier, and said he thought they would all feel it a and which we privilege to join in singing, " Hark, from take the liberty to insert in this article. the tombs a doleful sound,"—he struck the Orleans County, January Term, ) old minor tune in which the words were then A. D. 1847. ] sung, and sung the verse through. The Brother Bell has made one of his great speech of his opponent, in the minds of those speeches to-day in defence of Mrs. Hannah present, was upon the poise between the pa- Parker, on trial for the murder of her own thetic and ridiculous—the ridicule flashed child. I have never heard or felt a deeper upon them, and the house was in a roar. pathos than the tones of his voice bore to When the merriment subsided he went on the heart, as he stood up in the dignity of with his plea. The advocate who preceded old age, his tall, majestic form over-leaning him had indulged in invidious remarks, not all the modern members of the bar (as if he only in reference to Mr. Bell, but to the Ver- had come from some superior physical gene- mont bar generally, and Mr. B. mentioned ration of men), tremulous, slightly, with that he had been both surprised and pained emotions that seemed thronging up from the at the ungentlemanly and nai-row allusions long past, as the old advocate yielded for a : : : ;!: 430 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. moment to the effect of early associations, murder case. It is worthy of being inserted and introduced himself and his fallen breth- in the next edition of * Elefjant Extracts in ren whom his eye missed from their wonted Prose". Sir, you are the last of the Mohi- seats, as it glanced along the vacant places cans and the greatest, and when you die inside the bar. He said (which I fear will be soon, for from the ac- May it please your honor, count I hear of your effort in the cause of and gentlemen of the jury humanity, it was all but a superhuman I stood among giants, though not of them brightening before death), the tribe will be my comrades at the bar have fallen. Fletch- extinct. You have justly called our two la- er! the untiring and laborious counselor, mented friends giants, and with the discrimi- the persuasive advocate, the unyielding com- nation of a reviewer, have given to each the batant, is where ? Eternity echoes, here ! distinguishing traits of excellence ; and al- Cushman, the courtly and eloquent lawyer, though your introducing me with them was the kind and feeling man, the polished and gratuitous, it was kind, and the traits you social companion and friend, where now is have given me I owe to your generosity. he ? The world unseen alone can say. You say ' I was not of them ;' this was a Mattocks lives, thank God ; but is with- fiction, used in an unlawyerlike manner to drawn from professional toil, from the clash prevent self-commendation, unless, indeed, of mind on mind, the combat of intellect and you meant as Paul might have said, that he wit, the flashing humor and grave debates was not of the prophets, because he was a of the court room, to the graceful reti'eat of head and shoulders above them. I am proud domestic life. that you have sustained and surpassed the I am alone, an old tree, stiupped of its old school of lawyers. Sir, you are the Nes- foliage and tottering beneath the rude storms tor of the bar, and may be truly called the of seventy winters : but lately prostrate at 'Old man eloquent.' the verge of the grave, I thought my race I am, sir, with the greatest respect, was run ; never again did I expect to be your friend and humble serv't, heard in defence of the unfortunate accused. John Mattocks. But Heaven has spared me, another monu- N. B. I reserve the all important part of ment of His mercy, and I rejoice in the op- this letter to stand by itself. Let us hold portunity of uttering, perhaps my last public fast to our hope in Christ. We near the breath in defence of the poor, weak, imbecile brink." prisoner at the bar. Bell survived his friend a few years, en- Gentlemen, she is a mother. She is compassed with infirmity, and died of para- charged with the murder of her own child lysis, 17th April, 1852. She is arraigned here a friendless stranger. She is without means to reward counsel and has not the intelligence, as I have the WATEEFORD. sorry occasion to know, to dictate to her BY T. A. CUTLBK. counsel a single fact relating to her case. I have come to her defence without hope of re- This town is pleasantly situated on the ward ; for she has nothing to give but thick, Connecticut river, lying along the 15 miles dark poverty, and of that, too, I have had fall S. S. E. of St. Johnsbury, and 45 miles more than enough. E. from Montpelier. The surface is gene- But it gives me pleasure to say that the rally broken, presenting that diversified stringent hardship of her case has won her scenery of mountain and valley so common friends among strangers, and the warm sym- to Vermont. The soil is fertile and well pathies which have been extended to my adapted to agriculture, especially to grazing, client, and the ready and useful aid I have which has ever been the favorite pursuit of received during this protracted trial, from the inhabitants, and in which they have various members of the bar, strongly indi- gained an honorable reputation. The valleys cate the great hearts and good minds of my produce bountifully the usual varieties of depai'ted brothers, have left their influence grains and grasses, while the hills, arable to upon these, their successors. their tops and thickly dotted with maple Soon after Mr Bell's return from court he groves, abound in rich pastures. The received the following from Mattocks rocks are primitive and belong to the calca- "Peacham, 16th January, 1847. reo-mica slate formation, and there is a Brother Bell: In the Watchman I have range of clay slate running north through just seen a specimen of your speech in the the town from which superior specimens of 4; WATERFORD. 431 slate for roofing haye been quarried by- the population has for many years remained Messrs. Hale & Bracket. There are also nearly stationary, and the two little villages many specimens of a peculiar formation of present to-day nearly the same appearance granite, sometimes called nodular granite. as in early days, when a rhyming son of Vul- " It contains balls, usually a little flattened, can sang of his beloved village as scattered in it like plums in a pudding. " A very fine place, Adorned These balls are usually about an inch in dia- with majesty and grace; Situated under Rabbit Hill, meter, and are composed essentially of black With a tavern, store and a clover mill." mica, having the plates arranged in concen- With this change, however, a beautiful tric layers with a very thin deposit of quartz church now stands in each village, and the between the layers." clover mill has been changed to a starch Except the Passumpsic, which flows mill, which suits the wants of the people through the west corner of the town, Water- quite as well, though it might grate a little ford has no rivers, though it is well watered in the poet's measui'e. In 1798, a by numerous brooks and springs. Styles' pond, covering an area of about 100 acres, Congregational Church. lies in the north part of the township. Was organized, consisting of 8 members— Of the early settlement of Waterford, males and 4 females. The Rev. Asa Carpen- though probably attended with the trials and ter, the first minister, was born Oct. 4, 1770, hardships incident to all early settlements, in Ashford, Conn. He graduated at Dart- nothing has been handed down worthy of mouth college when about 25 years of age record. The town, by name of Littleton, studied theology with Rev. Mr. Burton of was chartered Nov. 8, 1780, to Benjamin Thetford, Vt. ; preached a short time in se- Whipple and his associates. The name was veral towns in the state as a missionary of changed to Waterford in 1797. Tradition the Connecticut Home Missionary Society says that James Adams was the first settler. moved to Waterford in the fall of '97, and The exact time of his coming is not now was ordained pastor of the Congregational known. Thompson dates the first settlement church at its organization. He labored in at 1787, but we find by the proprietors' re- Waterford until June, 1816, when he removed cords that a proprietors' meeting, held in to Pennfield, N. Y., where he died in 1827 or Barnet in the fall of 1783, was adjourned to '28. In 1818 the first Congregational Meet- the house of James Adams in " said Little- ing House was built, and in October of the fol- ton," which shows that Mr. Adams was here lowing year, Rev. Reuben Mason was settled as early, at least, as 1783. The next settlers as pastor, and sustained this relation 5 years. were Joseph and John Woods, who came as Soon after the first, another meeting house early as 1784 or '85, and settled on the Pas- was built at Wefet Waterford, and meetings sumpsic river. Very soon after came the were held at the two houses until a church Pikes, who were the first settlers in the east was erected in Lower Waterford in 1837. In part of the town. The first person born in Sept., 1825, Rev. Thomas Hall was installed ; town was Polly Woods, daughter of Joseph dismissed in 1830; reinstalled in 1834, and Woods. The first male boi-n in Waterford sustained his pastoral relation until January, was William Morgan. 1844. During the interval of Mr. Hall's la- The town was organized in 1798. The bors from 1830 to 1834, the pulpit was sup- first town officers were: Selah Howe, clerk; plied by Rev. Messrs. White, Bradford and Peter Sylvester, Daniel Pike aud Nehemiah others. Mr. Hall was succeeded by Rev. Hadley, selectmen ; Levi Aldrich, Luther Eben Smith, whose pastorate continued until and Levi Goss, listers Pike ; Samuel Fletcher, Jan., 1848. Immediately after, Rev. Francis Abel constable ; Goss, town treasurer. Po- Warriner commenced his labors with the pulation in 1791, 63; in 1800, 565; in 1810, church ; was installed in 1854, and sustained 1289 in 1820, 1247 ; in ; ; 1830, 1858 in 1840, the pastoral relation till Oct., 1860, Avhen he 1388; in 1850, 1412; in 1860 (see census was dismissed on account of ill health, and table in county chapter, No. 8). Rev. Geo. J. Bard, the present pastor was There being no valuable water power ordained. In 1818, a meeting house was manufacturing establishments or central erected in the N. AV. part of the town and place of business, the occupation of the peo- occupied by the ple has been confined exclusively to agri- culture, and much of the business of the Freewill Baptist Society, town goes to the adjoining towns of Barnet, Over which the Rev. Rufus Cheney was in- St. Johnsbury and Concord ; consequently stalled. How long he preached, or how long : ; 432 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. the society remained in existence the writer is not informed, nor are the records of the WHEELOCK. to obtained. religious society church be A BY HON. T. C. CREE. called This town embraces a territory of about* The First Univeesalist Society six miles square. It lies about six miles In Waterford, was formed on the 17th of May, from the line of the Passumpsic Rail 1824, consisting of over 100 members. The Road. In 1785, the legislature of this state society has never had a settled minister, but gave by charter, this town to Dartmouth has been supplied a portion of the time by College and Moors Indian Charity School, different preachers. At the present time, institutions situate at Hanover, N. H., one and for a year past the society have occu- moiety to the college and the other moiety pied the Union meeting house in the upper to the school. In the same instrument the village and have had preaching regularly on town was incorporated, and named after the sabbath by 'Rev. Carlos Mantin. Con- President Wheelock, the first officer of the nected with the society is a sabbath school, aforesaid institutions. In the charter it is furnished with a good library. The society provided that so long and while the said is not as large, owing to death and removals, college and school actually apply the rents now as it has been, but at the present is and profits of this land to the purposes of prospering. the college and school, the land and tene- Professional Men ments in town shall be exempt from public taxes ; so that the town have never been Born and educated in Waterford called upon to pay state taxes. This, in the Clergymen. —Wm. H. Hadley,* Alfred Ste- mind of the writer, was a great oversight in vens,* Samuel A. Benton,* James H. Ben- the legislature, and it is doubtful whether ton, E. I. Carpenter,* Prosper Davidson, such wholesale exemption from the public Thomas Kidder, Eben. Cutler,* Zenas Goss,* burthens is constitutional. The town en- Samuel Hurlbert, Silas Gaskill, Philander joys all the rights and privileges of other Carpenter. towns, and yet pays but little of the expense Lawyers. —.J. D. Stoddard, R. C. Benton, of maintaining the state government. There R. C. Benton, Jr.,* Jacob Benton, A. H. being no list of the real estate returned to Hadley, 0. T. Brown, A. J. Hale, Jona. the legislature accounts for the smallness of Ross,* E. Cutler, Jr.,* A. P. Carpenter,* the grand list reported. Luther Kidder. The town was organized March 29, 1792. Physicians.—A. Kinne,* A. Farr, C. Farr, Abraham Morrill, first clei'k ; Dudley Swa- R. Bugbee, Jr., A. G. Bugbee, Frank Bug- sey, Abraham Morrill, Joseph Venen, first bee, N. S. Goss, Wm. Benton. selectmen ; Gideon Leavett, first constable. Representatives. —1795, Jona. Grow ; 1796- The settlements commenced about 1780. 98, John Grow; 1799-1801, Asa Grow; I am unable to ascertain the names of the 1802-5, Jos. Armington ; 1806, Silas David- first settlers ; they were a hardy race of men son ; 1807, Jos. Armington ; 1808-16, S. and women, and were compelled to bear bur- Hemingway ; 1817, Jos. Armington ; 1818- thens and hardships that would now be in- 19, Nathan Pike; 1820-21, Jacob Benton; supportable to some of the "young Am eri- 1822, S. Hemingway ; 1823, Jonah Carpen- ca " of the town. For several years after ter ; 1824, S. Hemingway; 1825-26, Silas the first settlement there were no roads to Davidson; 1827-29, S. Hemingway; 1830- the older and adjacent towns, so that their 32, Robert Taggard ; 1883-34, J. D. Stod- grain for grinding had to be transported to dard; 1835, S. Hemingway ; 1836-37, Lyman Danville, a distance of 12 miles, upon their Buck ; 1838-39, James Works ; 1840-41, R. or upon handsleds, the route F. Rowell; 1842-44, Royal Ross; 1845-46 shoulders being Dennis May; 1847-48, Joseph Ide; 1849-50, indicated only by spotted trees. The general surface of the town is rather Barron Moulton ; 1851-52, A. P. Bonney; 1853-54, Wm. Adams; 1855, Dennis May; uneven. One range of the Green mountains the west part of the 1856-57, J. D. Stoddard. runs through town, but is no where very steep or stony. Roads Town Clerks.—\im-%b, Selah Howe ; 1796 -1801, John Grow; 1802-5, S. Hemingway; cross the summit in. several places. The land upon the mountain is well timbered, 1806, Samuel Gaskill ; 1807-16, S. Heming- and susceptible of cultivation to the summit way ; 1817-23, J. Carpenter; 1824-41, S. and what has been cleared affords some of Hemingway ; 1842-57, L. S. Freeman. * Graduates. the best grazing land in the state. The — ; WHEELOCK. 433 eastern part is more level, and all good is attributed the unusual healthiness of the land for farming purposes. Large quanti- inhabitants. These springs are not affected ties of hay, oats and lumber are carried from by great rains or drouth, but the water flows this town to Lyndon and St. Johnsbury, and at all times alike. Persons subject to head- large quantities of maple sugar are also an- ache, humors, and the like, have found relief nually manufactured here. and cure by drinking and bathing in the Miller's river runs through the north part water. of the town and empties into the Passumpsic The Village at Lyndon. This river affords some excel- is situate near the northeast corner of the lent mill sites, and along its banks is some town, on the bank of Miller's river, and of the most fertile land in the country. contains about 30 dwelling houses, 1 meet- In November, 1796, the town voted to ing house, 1 tavern, 1 grist mill, 2 saw mills, build a meeting-house — the first one in 1 machine shop, 1 tannery, 1 planing mill, 1 town. It was built the following year, was store and post office, 1 law oQice, 2 black- a large, two-story edifice, and, like others smith shops, 2 shoe shops, and 1 starch fac- of its kind, was never finished. Enough tory. The population in 1860, was 858. The was done, however, so that meetings could town has been the home of a large number be held in it. It was never lathed and of soldiers of the Revolution and the War of 1812 last of the former has now gone to plastered overhead ; a hail storm broke some ; the of the windows in the upper story, which his rest. invited the swallow and wren to make it Ecclesiastical. their abode. The writer occasionally at- The prevailing denomination of Christians tended meeting there in 1829-30; the mono- is th« Free-will Baptists. There are 2 socie- tonous tone of the preacher, the cheerful ties in town, one South, the other North ; both twitter of the swallow and the crying of the have meeting houses. The South Church was babies, that used then to be carried to meet- organized about 1800, by Elder Joseph Boo- ing, formed rather a medley of sounds. dy of Stratford, N. H. Among the names of One curious vote was taken by the town in ministers who have had charge of this church relation to this house, that I must not omit. may be mentioned Elders Benjamin Page, It appears by the record that they had a Robinson, Mainard, Gillman and Allen. The town meeting for the purpose of selling the society do not support preaching all the time. pews, and the first vote passed was as fol- The North Church was organized Feb. 11, lows: "Voted that the town be at the ex- 1831, Elder Jonathan Woodman. They or- pence of rum for the vendueing off the meet- ganized with 6 members ; have 30 members ing-house pews;" and from the subsequent their house of worship is at the village. El- bids it would appear that some of the pews der J. Woodman is their present pastor. were very valuable ; however, I suppose it There are quite a number of Congrega- was then customary to have rum at all ven- tionalists and Methodists in town, but no dues to stimulate people to bid for that they organized chm-ch or society of those denomi- did not want, and was thought to be well nations. enough even in selling church property. It The town is divided into 10 school districts. would hardly do now, in these temperance All except one have summer .and winter times, for even a town to furnish or give schools. Most of the districts have 3 months away rum to sell anything, particularly pews each term. Most of the school houses are meeting-house. in a poor ; but a better feeling is manifest in re- lation to them, and it is evident, from some Mineral Spkings. late demonstrations that better times are 2 in ; There are town one in the village coming for the youth, as to good, commodious about 50 rods and one north. The waters school houses — as one has been built at the never been analyzed, it have but is said by village, worthy of the name. those who profess to know, that they are the [The reader will observe that no bio- strongest impregnated in the state. Their graphic sketches appear in connection with properties are the same as those at Alburgh the history of Waterford or of this town. and Newbury in this state. There is no The historian whose well written sketch ap- doubt they possess medicinal qualities. The pears above, writes us, in extenuation of his seeming neglect, in connection with the mat- water of the one in the village is used for ter, that tbey have up there "neither pre- common drinking purposes by the whole sidents nor fools to write about." We have village in the warm part of the year, and not received the "extenuation" of Water- more or less at other times ; and to this fact ford yet. Ud.'\ ;; 434 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. generally,- by day's work. The frosty season GOSHEN GORE. of 1816, and others which occurred previ- BY JOSEPH CLARK. ously, was severely felt. Mary Sabin was There are two Gores in Caledonia county the first child born. Freeman Smith was the by this name. The largest contains 7339 first male child, and Edmund Barker and Betsy Sabin, the first couple married. acres ; lies in the northwest part of the county, is bounded north by Wheelock, east The western portion of the Gore, towards by Danville, south by Walden, and west by Lamoile river, comprising about two-thirds Greensboro'. The smaller Gore contains of the territory, is improved by resident 2828 acres, and lies in the southwest corner occupants. The number of families is over of the county.* These Gores derive their 40. The soil is a mold, in some parts black, name from the town to which they formerly in others reddish ; but little clay or loam. belonged. By a singular act of the legislat- It is strong and well adapted to grass and ure, these two Gores in Caledonia county, and English grain ; the timber chiefly maple, one still larger in Addison county, 70 miles birch, spruce and fir. Two or three farms distant, containing 13,000 acres, were incor- on the eastern extremity, adjoining Danville, porated into a town, by the name of Goshen have been under improvement since 1805. chartered Feb. 1, 1792, to John Rowell, Wm. James Clark and Thomas Young made the Douglass, and 65 others, and re-chartered first improvement there. eastern is to the same, Nov. 1, 1798. The inhabitants The portion chiefly unimproved of the part of the town in Addison county, and mountainous, but well timbered. In the organized March 29, 1814. The Gores in northern part, there is a pond covering about Caledonia county were severed from the 80 acres, the outlet of which finds its way town of Goshen by the legislature in 1854. to the Connecticut river. A steam saw mill There have been frequent petitions by the was erected by this pond in 1856, by T. G. inhabitants of the larger Gore in this county Bronson. Bronson died in 1857, and the to become organized into a town, the first mill passed into the hands of others—Haw- being presented to the legislature in 1835 kins & Ross, present proprietors. Nearly 1,000,000 feet of lumber is manufactured at but an organization has never been granted. -j- The larger Gore in this county, being most this mill annually, which is principally accessible to East Hardwick, as a place of drawn to St. Johnsbury, and used in the business and post office address, is distin- manufactory of E. & T. Fairbanks. About guished from the other, by " Goshen Gore, a mile west of this pond is a "beaver meadow, near Hardwick." This tract of land lies also called "Blueberry Meadow," where ves- sloping from the valley of Lamoile river, tiges of the labors and dwellings of thia rising to form one limb to the fork 6f the Y. sagacious animal are yet to be seen. A The first settlements were made by Elihu stream arises from this meadow, called Gore Sabin and Warren Smith in 1802. Smith did Brook, which empties into Lamoile river. not settle permanently. Sabin built a frame The first saw mill was built by G. W. house which he occupied until his decease, Cook, on a stream which is the outlet of a some 41 years. Other settlements were pond in Wheelock. This mill was burnt, made soon after that of Sabin, by Reuben and another built by William Shurburn on Smith, Elisha Shepard, Reuben Crosby, the same spot. The second was burned, and Thomas Ransom, Azariah Boody, Ephraim the third was built by Enoch Foster in 1833, Perrin and Andrew Blair. Improvements which is still in operation. There was also were made about the same time by several another built in 1840, by Levi Utley, on the other transient residents. Although the set- Gore brook, leading from Beaver meadow. tlement of the place was at comparatively The first meeting house, first public house, a late date, the hardships incident to new first grist mill, first physician, and first law- settlements had to be encountered. Supplies yer, are among the things that never were. of grain and necessaries had to be procured The first school was kept by Barilla Morse, in a measure from adjoining towns; the in Reuben Crosby's barn, in 1812. Judith method of transportation frequently upon Chase, Betsy Sabin and Lucretia Washburn their backs, and the method of payment, were the next succeeding teachers. Mrs. Andrew Blair sent her girl to the first school, * Goshen Gore the less was set off to Washington Co. with a pink silk hand- —Ed,. and paid the tuition " t The people, for the most part, are not dissatisfied kerchief. Schoolmarm know'd I had it, their present situation, exempt from the de- with being and she wanted it to make her a bonnet." mands of the tax-gatherer, and the expenses incident to a town organization. (Good old Mrs. Ann Blair's testimony.) The GOSHEN GORE. 435 first frame school house was built in 1823. Epheaim Perbin In 1834 a second school district was formed. From Connecticut, came into the Gore in 1807, A Freewill Baptist Church was organized and lived entirely alone 8 years in a log hut, here in August, 1841, and Elder John Gar- which he constructed by the side of a large field ordained pastor. It consisted orignally rock, which served the purpose of fire-place, since of 12 members ; upwards of 50 have and one end of his apartment. It is said all belonged to it. Two of their quarterly the bedding which this man had, "was a rag meetings were held here. In 1855, H. W. coverlet and a second-hand great coat which Harris became their minister, who was suc- Mrs. Sabin let him have." Finally, his ceeded by Elder Geo. King, ordained pastor afi"airs prospered, and one of his neighbors, of the church in 1857. Elder King has left a good old lady, told him he must get mar- the place, and the church is now supplied ried, and " picked a wife out " for him. Miss only by initerant ministers. In 1850, this Polly Cheever, whom he married, and then church built a frame house. This wife died in a "Resolyed themselves into a society for few years, and he married the second time the purpose of aiding superannuated minis- to Maria Cutler, and reared a numerous ters and poor widows and orphans, and to family. He justly merited the reputation he do all they could for their aid and support." obtained, of being a remarkably honest, hard working man ; was rather tenacious Elihxt Sabin in his opinions and prejudices, but not for- Born in Dudley, Mass., in 1772, died in ward to assert them. He died in 1859. " Goshen Gore, near Hardwick," July 9, 1848, aged 71. He was one of the 26 child- Reuben Crosby ren of Mr. and Mrs. Gideon Sabin, comme- One of the first settlers, accumulated a hand- morated in the Hardwick History (No. 3, p. some property, but becoming partially in- 324). sane, meditated self destruction. For this As has been before mentioned, he was purpose he made his escape from his house, the first permanent settler of this Gore. A and seated himself upon a large rock, where generous-hearted, worthy man, talented £or he remained till his limbs were frozen. But his day and opportunities, energetic and by a change in the. weather the process of persevering, he had the respect of all the thawing, much more painful than freezing, settlers of the neighboring towns, and was, commenced. This led him to creep to the for about 20 years, a justice of the peace. house, but he lived only a few days. He He was, moreover, distinguished for uncom- died in 1830. mon muscular strength, in so much that the Reuben Smith history of the Gore is not without an example From Warren, N. H., was another of the of the courage and prowess requisite for a early proprietors. He died Jan. 30, 1860. hand-to-hand mortal combat. Once on a time, well verified it is said, Isaac Stevens Sabin did face the foe in a single-handed Came into the place about 1820. An excel- struggle for life. It appears that he had lent variety of potato, extensively known as caught a cub, whose cries brought forward the Stevens potato, was propagated by him the bear robbed of her young, whom Eli- from the balls. He died in 1859. hu unflinchingly smote with the breech of Andrew Blair. his gun ; the bear was dispatched, and so was the breech of Elihu's gun. Lest, how- Had the Olympic races come down to our ever, it may be said, in cavil, that sudden times, Mr. Blair, according to report, might desperation which has been known to give have become a successful competitor for a supernatural strength, nerved our hero's crown. It is current that he once I'an down arm, we have a more deliberate feat with and captured a fox, and was overheard hold- which to crown our point—the prodigious ing a parley with the captive, whether the strength of Elihu Sabin—a feat of no thrill- thing was done fair. But, unlike the Olym- ing moment, a plain, practical test, however, pic races, not having an impartial judge to evincing not less arm-strength in the man. decide the i^oints, the fox seemed to dissent A living witness testifies that he has seen from his victor's boast of fair play. " Now," Mr. Sabin knock down with one blow of his says Mr. Blair, "if you think the thing was fist, a two year old bullock, striking him not done fair, we'll try it again." Whereupon between the fore shoulders, and breaking a the fox was let go, and was allowed to have rib. Can the state show a stronger man ? a few rods the start, when Blair took the — : 436 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. track. Away went the fox—away went November, was the signal for the develop- ment of dark schemes for the overthrow of Blair ; one for life, the other for victory, the government and the dismemberment of over hill, over fence, over brush, till Blair the Union. caught the breathless trophy, a second time, Immediately after the assembling of the in triumijh. 36th congress, the insolent bearing of south- Mr. Blair was one of the pioneer settlers. ern senators and members — the development Andrew M. Blair, Esq., son of Andrew of treason in the cabinet — the threatening tone Blair, was late a member of the Wisconsin of the southern press, and the disloyal resolves of southern legislatures and con- state senate. ventions, indicated but too cjearly the pro- bable necessity of effective military prepara- tions to protect the country and the United MILITARY CHAPTER. States government from the deep and fast THE ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR maturing plans of traitors. FAIRBANKS IN RELATION TO THE Vermont had no effective military organ- ization. Her uniformed militia consisted of REBELLION OF 1861. a few unfilled companies, in some of the [Desirous of obtaining from the most au- principal villages, while the enrolled mili- thentic source, a full and correct account of tia was a myth. The duty devolved upon the organizing, of&cering, equipping, sub- the town listers to make returns of citizens liable to called to do military service, but sisting and sending into the field the first be that duty had been extensively neglected, six Vermont regiments raised during the and, at best, the provision of the statute was late to administration, we made application practically inefficient. In view of the pos- Gov. Fairbanks for such historic paper, who sibility, not to say probability, that a requi- complied with the request and forwarded sition for troops would be made upon Ver- the following account. With his character- mont by the general government. Gov. Fair- banks issued an order, dated the 25th of istic modesty, he gives his account as in the January, IBfil, requiring the officers charged third person, has evidently and avoided with the duty, to make returns of the en- speaking of the labors to which he was ne- rolled militia forthwith ; and at the same cessarily subjected during the last six months time a general order, Nov. 10, was issued, re- of his official year. It was necessary, under quiring the commanding officers of the uni- formed militia companies to adopt measures the law, that he should give his personal for filling all vacancies, and to have their attention to the details in the formation of men properly drilled and uniformed. A few each regiment, and every bill and voucher in of the companies responded to this order, an expenditure of more than half a million, but very little was accomplished until after was audited by him, assisted only by his the requisition of the secretary of war. the of April, a requisition valuable secretary, Col. Merrill. (See re- On 15th was received by telegraph from the secretary of ports of the legislative committee. In other war, upon the governor of Vermont, for one states, such duties are divided among other regiment of infantry, being the quota for boards of ofiicers.) There was also the sign- Vermont of the 75,000 troops called for by ing of 500,000 of state bonds, and drawing the president's proclamation of the same his warrants on the state treasury for ac- date. Governor Fairbanks immediately issued counts and bills allowed. In brief, an his proclamation for a special session of the amount of business which could hardly have legislature, and gave the necessary orders been accomplished, had he not been accus- for detailing ten companies from the uni- tomed to active business habits ; all which, formed militia, and for furnishing the regi- however, and much more, he passes over, ment with its outfit. The legislature assem- bled at the capital April 23d, when Gov. submitting the following valuable record, Fairbanks delivered the following address which we give verbatim. Ed.'\ before the joint assembly Governor Fairbanks accepted the nomina- tion for the executive office in 1860, with the Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Re- distinct understanding that it should be but presentatives : for a single term only. The country was at We are convened to day in view of events peace, and all the interests of the state were of an extraordinary and very alarming cha- prosperous. The annual October session of racter. The element of disunion which, in the legislature was mai'ked by no unusual a portion of the United States, for many features. years, vented itself in threats and menaces, The governor, in his address, recommended has culminated in open rebellion ; and an a few important measures for the considera- unnatural and causeless civil war has been tion of the two houses, and closed by con- precipitated against the general govern- gratulating the members upon the general ment. prosperity of the state and country. Unprincipled and ambitious men have or- The result of the presidential election in ganized a despotism and an armed force, for ; MILITARY CHAPTER. 437 the purpose of overthrowing that govern- act of perfidy, on the part of the conspirators, ment which the American people have formed is the proclamation of J eiferson Davis, styling for themselves, and of destroying that con- himself the president of the southern confe- stitutional frame-work, under which we have deracy, "inviting all those who may desire, enjoyed peace and prosijerity. and from a by service in private armed vessels on the small and feeble people, grown and expand- high seas, to aid his government, to make ed to a rank among the first nations of the application for commissions, or letters of " earth. marque or reprisal : thus instituting a The enormity of this rebellion is heightened grand scheme of piracy on the high seas, by the consideration that no valid cause ex- against the lives and private property of ists for it. The history of the civilized world peaceful citizens. does not furnish an instance where a revolu- These acts of outrage and daring rebellion tion was attempted for such slight causes. have been equalled only by the forbearance No act of oppression, no attempted or threat- of the general government. Unwilling to ened invasion of the rights of the revolting precipitate a conflict which must involve the states, has existed, either on the part of the country in all the calamities of civil war, the general government, or of the loyal states present government of the United States has but the principle has been recognized and exhausted every effort for peace, and every observed, that the right of each and every measure for bringing back to their allegiance state to regulate its domestic institutions, these disaffected and misguided states. should remain inviolate. The duty of protecting the forts and go- The inception and progress of this rebellion vernment property, not possessed by the in- have been remarkable; and characterized, at surgents, was imperative upon the adminis- every stage, by a total absence of any high tration; but further than this, no measures honorable principle or motive in its leaders. for coercing the revolting states into obedi- Its master spirits are composed, essentially, ence to the constitution and the laws were of men who have been in high oflBcial position adopted; and in the matter of the belea- in the general government ; and it has tran- guered forts, the government acted only on spired that members of the late cabinet at the defensive, until the conflict was com- Washington, while in the exercise of their menced by the insurgents. official functions, were engaged in treason- Such forbearance on the part of the go- able plots for seizing the public property and vernment, while it has served to place the subverting the United States government. conspirators in a moral wrong, is no longer Conventions of delegates in the revolting justifiable ; and the country hails, with entire states, chosen, in some instances, by a mi- unanimity and with ardent enthusiasm, the nority of the legal voters in those states, decision of the president to call into requisi- have, with indecent haste, adopted ordinances tion the whole power of the nation for sup- of secession, which ordinances have in no pressing the rebellion and repelling threat- instance been submitted to the people for ened aggressions. their ratification. From every part of the country, in all the These proceedings have been followed by a loyal states, there is one united voice for convention of delegates from the several re- sustaining the Union, the constitution, and volting states, which iconvention has organiz- the integrity of the United States govern- ed a confederate government, adopted a con- ment. All partizan difl^erences are ignored stitution,- elected its executive officers and and lost in the higher principle of patriot- subordinate functionaries, constituted itself ism. into a legislative body, and enacted a code In this patriotic enthusiasm, Vermont emi- of laws — all which proceedings have been nently participates. Her citizens, always independent of any action of the people of loyal to the Union, will, in this hour of peril, those states. nobly rally for the protection of the governr The authorities of the revolting states, ment and the constitution. and subsequently that of their confederacy, On the fifteenth instant, the president of have proceeded to acts of robbery and theft the United States issued his proclamation, upon the property of the United States, with- " calling forth the militia of the several states in their limits. Forts, arsenals, arms, mili- of the Union, to the aggregate number of tary stores, and other public property, have seventy-five thousand, in order to suppress been seized and appropriated for use against treasonable combinations, and cause the laws the power of the general government ; and to be duly executed." custom houses and mints in southern cities, The quota required of Vermont, for imme- with large amounts of treasure, have been diate service, is one regiment of seven hun- feloniously robbed. dred and eighty officers and privates. These acts have been followed by military On receiving the requisition from the se- demonstrations and strategetical operations cretary of war, for this regiment, I ordered against the United States forts at Pensacola the adjutant and inspector general to adopt and Charleston, the latter of which, under the proper measures for calling into service its gallant commander, Maj. Anderson, after such of the volunteer companies as are ne- a bombardment of thirty-four hours, from cessary to make up the complement; and the beleaguering batteries of the insurgents, was quartermaster general was directed to pro- evacuated on the loth instant, and the flag cure, with the least possible delay, the requir of the Union withdrawn. But the crowning site outfit of knapsacks, overcoats, blankets, no 438 VERMONT HISTORICAL MvVGAZINE. and other equipments ; which duty he has patriotic sacrifices for the preservation of the performed. Union and the constitution. Having adopted the foregoing preliminary I feel assured, gentlemen, that you will, measures, for responding to the call of the best reflect the sentiments and wishes of president, I availed myself of the constitu- your constituents, by emulating in your le- tional provision for convening the general gislative action, the patriotism and liberality assembly in an extra session ; not doubting of the noble states which have already re- that you, gentlemen, representing the uni- sponded to the call of the government. versally expressed patriotism of the citizens It is devoutly to be hoped that the mad of this state, vi'ill make all necessary appro- ambition of the secession leaders may be priations and provisions for defraying the restrained, and the impending sanguinary expenses already incurred and carrying into conflict averted. But a hesitating, half-way execution further measures for placing our policy on the part of the administration of military quota at the service of the general the loyal states, will not avail to produce government. such a result. Conceiving it imminently probable that, The United States government must be at an early day, further calls Avill be made sustained and the rebellion suppressed, at upon this state for troops, I respectfully call whatever cost of men and treasure ; and it your attention to the importance of adopting remains to be seen whether the vigorous immediate measures for a more eificient or- preparations that are being made and the ganization of the military arm of the state. immense military force called into service During the long interval of peace which by the president, are not the most probable we have enjoyed, while our citizens have and certain measures for a speedy and suo- been uninterrupted in their lawful industrial cessful solution of the question. pursuits, the importance of a military organ- May that Divine Being, who rules among ization and discipline has been lost sight of. the nations, and directs the afl'airs of men, Our laws in relation to the militia have been interpose by Ilis merciful Providence, and subjected, during nearly a quarter of a cen- restore to us again the blessing of peace, tury, to numerous isolated amendments and under the a3gis of our national constitution. alterations, until as a code, they are disjoint- Ekastus Fairbanks. ed, complicated, and altogether too cumbrous for the basis of a regular and effective organ- On the 25th, the legislature passed an act ization. I therefore recommend that the le- appropriating $1,000,000 for arming, &c., gislature should promptly remedy these de- the militia of Vermont ; and, on the 26th, fects, and adopt s^uch enactments as shall certain acts were passed for organizing and provide, effectively, for organizing, arming, paying the aforesaid regiment of the uni- and equipping the militia of the state, and formed militia. for reasonably compensating the officers and The legislature also passed " an act to privates, when required to meet for exercise provide for raising six special regiments for and drill. immediate service for defending and protect- I desire, also, to urge upon you the duty of ing the constitution and Union." making contingent appropriations of money, This last mentioned act was independent to be expended under the direction of the of any previous militia law ; and, without executive, for the outfit of any additional naming any other officer, placed the respons- military forces which may be called for by ibility of raising, organizing, uniforming, the general government. arming, equipping and subsisting the regi- The occasion is an extraordinary one. In- ments solely in the hands of the Governor, telligence reaches us, that the Virginia con- with authority to draw his warrants on the vention of delegates, elected under the ex- state treasurer for all expenditures. press provision that any ordinance adopted The legislature adjourned on the 27th, and by them, should be submitted to the people on the same day a general order was issued for their approval or rejection, has, in secret by the commander-in-chief, designating the session, passed an ordinance of secession, companies detailed for the first regiment, and and that the governor of the state has assum- requiring them to hold themselves in readi- ed to order the seizure of the United States ness to march to the place of rendezvous, to forts, arsenal and vessels within the limits be thereafter designated, on twenty-four of that state. hours' notice. The Federal capitol is menaced by an im- On the 2d day of May the regiment was posing and well armed military force, and mustered at Rutland, under the command of the government itself, and the national ar- Col. J. W. Phelps and Lt. Col. P. T. Wash- chives, are in imminent peril. burn ; and on the 9th it left its encampment, Such is the emergency, in view of which I fully armed, uniformed and equipped, en invoke your immediate action. The legislat- route for Old Point Comfort — being only 2'1 ures of other states have made liberal ap- days after the requisition by telegraph from propriations and extensive military arrange- the secretary of war, ments for aiding the government, and their This regiment did important service at citizens are hastening to the rescue of our Newport News, and was honorably discharg- country's flag. We shall discredit our past ed at Brattleboro after the expiration of its history should we, in this crisis, suffer Ver- term of three months. mont to be behind her sister states, in her On the 7th of May, commissions were is- : : ; MILITARY CHAPTER. 439 sued for recruiting the 2d and 3d regiments 26th, 1861, the governor was " authorized of volunteers, for three years' service, or and required to raise, organize and muster during the war. TJhe impression was common into service of the state, without delay, two in the state, that these regiments could only regiments of soldiers ; and at such time as in be filled by drafting; but the result showed his discretion it may appear necessary, four that the sons of Vermont needed no compul- other regiments," &c. IJnder this provision, sory process to rally them for the defense of two regiments — being the 2d and 3d Ver- their country's flag. The regiments were mont volunteers— have been raised, uni- filled with great despatch, and were muster- formed, armed, equipped, and mustered into ed at Burlington and St. Johnsbury early in the service of the United States for the term June. of three years, or during the war. The 2d regiment, under the command The 1st Vermont regiment, having been of Col. Henry Whiting and Lieut. Col. G. F. detailed from the companies composing the Stannard, left their encampment for Wash- uniformed militia of the state, were muster- ington city, June 24th, and soon afterwards ed into the service of the United States, for participated in the battle of Bull Run, in the three months' service, on the 2d day of May brigade under the command of Col. (now last. This regiment, under the command of Brig. Gen.) C. C. Howard. They Avere in Col. J. W. Phelps, rendered important service the hottest of the fight, and sufi'ered the loss at Newport News, Va., and during thoir term of 66 men in killed, wounded and prisoners. of enlistment have nobly sustained the honor (See Stannard's reijort.) of the state and the country. Their term of In response, afterwards, to an address from service will expire early in Aiigust. the non-commissioned ofiicers of the regi- The 2d regiment having been ordered to ment. Gen. Howard remarked : "I remember Washington, participated in the disastrous you on the march before the 21st of July, at battle of the 21st. The 3d regiment has been Sangster's, at Centreville, and on the memo- ordered to Washington, where it still re- rable day at Bull Run. I often speak of your mains. behavior on that occasion ; cool and steady The events of the 21st instant, and the re- as regular troops, you stood on the brow of treat of the United States army from the field that hill and fired your 36 rounds, and retired near Manassas .Junction, demonstrate the ne- only at the command of your colonel." cessity of a greatly increased national force This regiment was afterwards ordered to and, although no formal requisition has been Fort Grifiin, and forms a part of the Ver- made upon me by the secretary of war, nor mont brigade. any apportionment of troops as the quota for The 3d regiment remained in camp at this state communicated, yet the events re- St. Johnsbury until the 24th of July. Dur- ferred to, indicate clearly the necessity of ing the time they were thus encamped, there exercising the discretionary power conferred were between two and three hundred cases on me by the aforesaid act, for raising and of measles, and some fifty men were unfit organizing additional regiments. Orders will for service when the troops were ordered therefore be issued immediately, to the ad" forward. The regiment, under the command jutant and inspector generals, for enlisting of Col. Wm. F. Smith and Lieut. Col. B. N. the 4th and 5th regiments of volunteers for Hyde, arrived in Washington city, .July 27th, three years, or during the war, to be tend- and was immediately ordered forward to ered to the general government, so soon as Chain Bridge. Here the men performed im- it may be practicable to arm, equip and dis- portant work in throwing up intrenchments cipline the troops for service. and making rifle pits, on the Maryland side Eeastus Fairbanks. of the Potomac, and were afterwards sent By his excellency the governor, across the river into Virginia, without tents, Geo. a. Merkill, Private Sec'y. being in near proximity to the enemy, and for ten consecutive days and nights bivou- Commissions were issued August 6th, for acked, while constructing the abattis and enlisting the 4th and 5th regiments, and a earth works at Fort Marcy. They were call having meantime been made by the se- afterwards exposed to severe service, as cretary of war, the governor, on the 20th, skirmishers and pickets, and are now with issued the following proclamation (he Vermont brigade at Camp Grifiin. Executive Department, 1 At the time of the passage of the act to St. Johnsbury, Aug. 20, 1861. raise six special regiments, it was not ex- / pected that more than two regiments would To the citizens of Vermont be called for. The act " authorized and re- An emergency has arisen which demands quired the governor to raise tivo regiments the active and prompt cooperation of every without delay, and, at such time as in his lover of his country, in efi'orts to raise and discretion it may be necessary, four other organize troops for the aid and protection of regiments." On the 30th of July, the go- the general government. In view of imminent danger, earnest vernor issued the following proclamation : an call has been made upon the executive, by State of Vermont, direction of the president of the United Executive Department, States, for the two regiments which, under St. July Johnsbury, 80, 1861. my general order of the 5th inst., are being By an act of the legislature, passed April enlisted—requesting that the troops may be : 440 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. forwarded to Washington with the utmost the organization and equipment of troops for despatch. the service of the United States. Deeply impressed with the importance of Immediately after the passage of the act the crisis, I earnestly call upon the citizens, of April 2Gth, providing for "the appoint- and especially upon the young men of the ment of regimental and field officers," the state, to enroll their names at the several 1st regiment was detailed from the uniformed recruiting stations, for the service of their militia for three months' service, under the country. Verniont has never been delin- requisition of the president of the United quent when called to defend the honor of States, and on the 2d day of May, mustered the national flag, and at this critical junc- at Rutland. ture, when our invaluable institutions, our This regiment, under its accomplished dearest privileges, and our national exist- commander. Col. Phelps, did important ence even, are imperiled, let it not be said service at Newport News, and was honora- that the Green Mouptain state was among bly mustered out of the service of the Unit- the last to fly to the rescue. ed States, at Brattleboro', on the 13th of Erastus Fairbanks, Governor August. and Commander-in-Chief. On the 7th of May, orders were issued for recruiting the 2d and 3d regiments of volun- This call was nobly responded to, so that teers, under the provisions of the act of before the middle of September, two full the 26th of April, entitled "an act to,pro- regiments of volunteers were enlisted and vide for raising 6 special regiments." These mustered—the 4th at Brattleboro, under Col. were filled with great dispatch, and mus- E. H. Stoughton and Lt. Col. H. N. Worthen, tered at Burlington and St. Johnsbury, early and the 5th at St. Albans, under Col. H. A. in June. Smalley and Lt. Col. S, A. Grant. These The 2d regiment, under Col. Whiting, left regiments arrived at Washington, Sept. 24th- Burlington for Washington city, June 24th. 26th, and were assigned to the army of the The 3d regiment was ordered forward by Potomac, in the Vermont brigade. the secretary of war, July 18th, and left St. A requisition having been made by the se- Johnsbury, under the command of Col. (now cretary of war for the 6th Vermont regi- Brig. Gen.) Smith, July 24th. ment, commissions were issued on the 17th On the 6th of August, commissions were issued for raising the 4th and 5th regiments of September for recruiting ; and, in the re- markably short space of thirty days, a full of volunteers, which were filled nearly or regiment was raised, uniformed, armed, and quite to the maximum number of 1046 men equipped, under the sole direction of the go- each, and mustered at Brattleboro' and St. vernor. Albans, September 12th-14th. This 6th regiment, under the command of The 4th, under Col. Stoughton, left Brat- Col. N. Lord, Jr., and Lt. Col. A. P. Blount, tleboro' for Washington city, September 21st, left their encampment at Montpelier, October and the 5th, under Col. Smalley, left St. Al- 19th, and form a part of the Vermont brigade bans, September 23d. in the army of the Potomac. These several regiments have been uni- All these regiments were armed with rifle formed, equipped, furnished with army wag- muskets of uniform calibre — the 6th with ons and horses, and armed with rifled mus- the Springfield rifles, and the 2d, 3d, 4th, kets, at the expense of the state. and 5th, with the Enfield rifle muskets. On the 17th of September, recruiting Two companies of sharp shooters for Ber- officers were appointed for raising the 6th dan's regiment were enlisted in August and regiment of volunteers, which was filled with September, and left their place of rendezvous great promptitude, and mustered at Mont- at West Randolph for Washington city — the pelier, the first week in October, under the first under Capt. E. Weston, Jr., and the command of Col. Lord—being fully equipped second under Capt. H. R. Stoughton. and uniformed, ready to be ordered forward to the seat of war. These five regiments are composed, prin- Valedictory Address of Erastus Fairbanlcs, cipally, of the mechanics and yeomanry of Governor of the State of Vermont, to the the state, and under their educated and ex- General Assembly, at their Annual Session, October, 1861. perienced commanders, will, it is believed, form a Vermont brigade. The Honorable, the General Assembly of the On the 7th of August, I issued a commis- State of Vermont sion to Capt. E. Weston, Jr., to raise a com- The extraordinary events of the present pany of practical sharp shooters, to be or- year—the critical condition of the country, ganized upon the plan of Col. H. Berdan, as and the very responsible and difiicult duties approved and authorized by the president assigned to the executive, under the provi- and secretary of war. This company was sions of the acts of the late extra session of recruited to the maximum number, and left the legislature, furnish a sufficient reason West Randolph for Col. Berdan'^ regiment why I should depart from the usual custom in the army of the Potomac, on the 4th of in retiring from the executive ofiice, and com- September. municate briefly, in an address to the general On the 25th of September, I issued a com- assembly, the transactions of the past few mission to Capt. H, R. Stoughton, to raise months, and especially those pertaining to a second company of sharp shooters. ;; MILITARY CHAPTER, These companies have been or are to be to serve for the first two years under and b;^,.'^ armed, uniformed and equipped by the ge- virtue of the provisions of the act of the *••,"'« '3.^' •«*** neral gorernment. legislature of this state, entitled an act to A regiment of cavalry has been raised by provide for raising six special regiments, for voluntary enlistment, under a commission of immediate service, for protecting and defend- the secretary of war to Col. L. B. Piatt. ing the constitution and the Union, approved I have authorized Capt. L. R. Sayles of April 26, 1861, and are to receive the com- Leicester, to raise a squadron of cavalry, to pensation therein provided, and for the third form a part of a regiment apportioned to the year, under the laws, rules and regulations several New England states, to be organized, relating to the army of the United States, uniformed, and equipped, by Gov. Sprague and such further compensation, if any, as of Rhode Island, and denominated the New the legislature of the state of Vermont may England regiment of cavalry. This order hereafter provide." It will be seen, there- is subject to the direction of the legis- fore, that should the term of service be ex- lature. tended to the third year, the soldiers thus These several corps are composed of intel- serving will not be entitled to the $7 per ligent, independent citizens — volunteers — month extra pay, without further legislative enlisted for three years, or during the war provisions. and the alacrity with which they have vo- Every consideration of equity and justice lunteered and entered into the service of the demands that provisions should be made for country, is a remarkable and gratifying ex- placing the several corps of citizen soldiers pression of the devoted patriotism of our upon the same footing in this regard. citizens, and an unmistakable pledge of the Owing to circumstances beyond my con- loyalty of Vermont to the government of the trol, it has, until the present time, been im- United States and the cause of the Union. possible to obtain all the vouchers necessary I should do injustice to my own feelings, for preparing properly the abstracts to be as well as to the ofl&cers and men in service, presented to the treasury department, for should I fail to mention the uniform testi- the reimbursement of expenses incurred by mony which has been communicated to me, the state. of the excellent conduct of our troops. Those An estimate, certified by me to be within of them who have been in active service, have the amount actually expended for the first, been under excellent discipline, and have, second and third regiments, was forwarded when in posts of danger and fatigue, dis- to Washington by J. W. Stewart, Esq., in- played a coolness, courage and endurance, spector of finance, early in September, upon not excelled by soldiers in the regular army which estimate 40 per cent, or $123,000 has while their moral bearing and exemplary de- been refunded and placed in the state trea- portment has won for them the confidence sury. and approbation of their superior officers. The amount of warrants drawn by me upon I doubt not that the regiments which have the Treasurer, up to and including the 4th of recently joined them, as well as the one October, is $512,362.59; which amount has soon to follow, will do themselves equal cre- been disbursed upon proper vouchers for the dit, and prove an honor to the state and the six regiments aforesaid, under appropriate country. heads, to be submitted hereafter. Of this It will be recollected that the acts of the amount, $123,000 has been reimbursed by extra session, authorizing the raising of these the secretary of the treasury, as above stated. special regiments, is independent of any pre- A few bills for expenses of the 4th and vious military organization or statute. The 5th regiments are yet unsettled, as also the responsibility of raising, organizing, uniform- reci'uiting service, transportation, subsist- ing, arming and equipping them, is made the ence and incidental expenses of the 7th. sole duty of the governor. In the absence of There is also a class of claims, which I have any existing military organization or author- not felt authorized to allow, which will pro- ized code, this duty has been embarrassing bably be presented. and laborious ; and not unfrequently respon- By the act of congress of July 27th, it is sibilities were assumed for which no specific provided as follows : " That the secretary authority existed. But in all cases, care has of the treasury be, and he is hereby directed, been taken to conform to the obvious intent out of any money in the treasury, not other- and meaning of the act aforesaid. wise appropriated, to pay to the governor of By the provisions of this act, the term of any state, or his duly authorized agents, the is limited to service two years ; and each costs, charges, and expenses properly incur- non-commissioned officer, musician and pri- red by such state, for enrolling, subsisting, vate, is entitled to receive from the state of clothing, supplying, ai-ming, equipping, pay- Vermont, $7 per month, in addition to the ing and transporting its troops employed in compensation paid by the United States. aiding to suppress the present insurrection The requisition of the president of the against the United States, to be settled upon United States for troops for three years, or proper vouchers, to be filed and passed upon during the war, made it expedient and neces- by the proper accounting officers of the trea- sai-y to adopt a form of contract in accord- sury." ance thereto, while at the same time it was I respectfully request the appointment by made to conform to the provisions of the act the legislature, of a commission to examine aforesaid, as follows: "We enlist and agree I the accounts for disbursements already made 61 ; — : 442 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. by me for the above purposes, to adjust and sented to take charge of that department of settlo all outstanding bills, to arrange the the public service. vouchers and prepare the necessary abstracts By his report, which is herewith submit- of expenses, to be presented to the secretary ted, it will be seen that the amount drawn of the treasury for allowance under the act from the treasury prior to October 1st, is aforesaid. $1,778.22. Early in June, I received a letter from T. I submit herewith a copy of instructions, ^Y. Park, Esq., of San Francisco, Cal., cover- prepared by me for the observance of the ing a check for $1000, as a patriotic contri- several town agents, but the expei'ience of bution to his native state, "towards defray- the lieutenant governor has shown the im- ing the expense of fitting out her sons for portance of a more perfect system, and I the service of the country," which amount I respectfully commend the suggestions con- placed in the hands of the state treasurer. tained in his report to the consideration of Under the provisions of the act of Novem- the general assembly. ber 27th, 1860, entitled "an act for the bet- Under my directions, the quartermaster ter protection of the treasury," I appointed general has sold a quantity of Windsor rifles John W. Stewart, Esq., of Middlebury, in- belonging to the state, at $13.50 each. These spector of finance, which ofiice he has ac- rifles are a good arm, but being without bayo- cepted. nets, and not adapted to the use of our sol- In common with the executives of the diers, they have long remained practically other loyal states, whose legislatures were useless to the state. not then in session, I appointed commission- It has been my purpose to confine this ers to the peace convention, so called, which communication to the history of the past, assembled in Washington in February last. earnestly hoping that the goveimor elect, The question of providing for reimbursing who is detained by illness, will, at an early the expense of this commission is respect- day, be able to lay before you the appropri- fully submitted for the consideration of the ate business for the session. I therefore legislature. omit to call your attention to measures In accordance with general order No. 25, which, under other circumstances, I might of the war department, I appointed a board deem important. of medical examiners, for the examination of candidates for the oifice of surgeons of regi- Gentlemen of the Senate and House of ments, consisting of Samuel W. Thayer, Jr., Representatives M. D., Burlington, Edward E. Phelps, M. D., In retiring from the arduous duties of the Windsor, Selim Newell, M. D., St. Johnsbury, political year now closing, I desire to express, Avho have attended to the duties of their ap- through you, to the citizens of Vermont, my pointment, and the expenses of the board are high appreciation of their confidence and included in those of the volunteer militia. patrotic cooperation in carrying into execu- I have appointed the Hon. Joseph Poland tion the important measures required by the of Montpelier, a special financial agent to acts of the special session, and to assure you visit and remain with the Vermont regiments that I shall carry with me into private life a at the seat of war, for the purpose of being a sacred devotion to the interests of the state medium of communication between the sol- and to the cause of our common country. diers and their friends and consignees at You, gentlemen, are called to deliberate home, giving information to the men, and upon measures more important and vital to receiving and transmitting such portion of the interests of the state and the country, their pay as they may desire to send home than any which have ever before occupied for investment and safe keeping, or for the the attention of the general assembly; re- use of their families or friends. quiring your patient, carefvil and dispassion- Mr. Poland has been constituted by me a ate deliberation. May an all-wise Providence trustee of the soldiers aforesaid, for the guide you; and may our Heavenly Father above service, and has ex.ecuted a bond, with interpose to deliver our beloved country from ample sureties, for the faithful execution of its present calamity and from the perils which the trust. threaten it, and restore to it again the bless- The importance of this appointment, both ings of peace, union and prosperity. to the officers and men of the regiments and to the state, can hardly be over-estimated [Careful historians will be engaged to fur- but, as it is not provided for by law, I com- nish historical papers for this department, mend it to the favorable consideration of the which will continue to give an accurate sum- legislature. mary of our legislative acts pertaining to the The multiform and onerous duties relating to the raising, organizing and furnishing the war, and also an account of the part taken several regiments, the auditing of bills and by the Vermont soldiers in every engagement accounts, the disbursement of funds, &c., in which they have or may be called to par- imposed upon the executive the acts by of ticipate, so soon as the facts can be gleaned the extra session, rendered it impossible that and established for a reliable history lists I should attend to the appointment and cor- — of the killed respondence of town agents for the support or wounded will also be given by counties, or companies, anecdotes of of families of citizen soldiers ; and at my re- and quest, the lieutenant governor kindly con- the soldiers. Ud."] MILITARY CHAPTER. 443 Lieut., Jerome B. Case; 2d Lieut. OFFICERS OF REGIMENTS OF VERMONT Chester K. Leach. VOLUNTEERS AS ORGANIZED— (i^^iVsi! Co. I. —Captain, Volney S. FuUam ; 1st 8 Regiments). Lieut., Sherman W. Parkhurst ; 2d BEIG. GEN. p. T. WASHBUKN. Lieut., Isaac N. Wadleigh. Co. K. Captain, Solon Eaton; 1st Lieut., First Regiment. — Amasa S Tracy ; 2d Lieut., Jona- Wolcott Phelps. Colonel, J. than M. Hoyt. Lieutenant Colonel, Peter T. Washburn. Major, Harry N. Worthen. Third Regiment. Levi H. Stone. Chaplain, Rev. Colonel, William F. Smith. Lieutenant Colonel, Co. A. —Captain, Lawrence D. Clark ; 1st Breed N. Hyde. Lieut., Albert B. Jewett ; 2d Lieut., Major, Walter W. Cochran. John D. Sheridan. Chaplain, Rev. M. K. Parmalee of Underbill (resigned). Rev. Co. B. —Captain, William W. Pelton ; 1st Mr. Mack succeeded. Lieut., Andrew J. Dike; 2d Lieut., Co. A. —Captain, Wheelock G. Vearey ; 1st Woodward. Solomon E. Lieut., Frederick Grain; 2d Lieut., Co. C. —Captain, Charles G. Chandler; 1st Horace W. Floyd. Lieut., Hiram E. Perkins ; 2d Lieut., Co. B. —Captain, Augustine C. West ; 1st Freeborn E. Bell. Lieut., Enoch H. Bartlett ; 2d Lieut., Co. D.—Dudley K. Andros ; 1st Lieut., John John H. Coburn. Pickett, Jr. Lieut., Roswell B. ; 2d Captain, Co. C. — David T. Corbin ; 1st Lieut., Farnham. Danford C. Haviland ; 2d Lieut., S. Tuttle 1st Lieut., Co. E. —Captain, Oscar ; Edwin M. Noyes. Asaph Clark ; 2d Lieut., Salmon Co. D. —Captain, Fernando C. Harrington Dutton. ; 1st Lieut., Daniel J. Kenneson; 2d William 1st Co. F. —Captain, H. Boynton ; Lieut., Charles Bishop. Lieut., Charles C. Webb; 2d Lieut., Captain, Co. E.— Andrew J. Blanchard ; 1st Francis B. Gove. Lieut., Robert D. Whittemore ; 2d 1st Lieut., Co. Q. —Captain, Joseph Bush ; Lieut., Burr J. Austin. William Cronan ; 2d Lieut., Ebene- Co. F. —Captain, Thomas 0. Seaver ; 1st zer J. Ormsbee. Lieut., Samuel E. Pingree; 2d Co. Captain, David B. 1st Lieut., M.— Peck ; Lieut., Edward A. Chandler. Oscar G. Mower ; 2d Lieut., George Co. G. —Captain, Lorenzo D. Allen ; 1st J. Hager. Lieut., John H. Hutchinson ; 2d Co. I. —Captain, Eben S. Hayward ; 1st Lieut., Moses F. Brown. Lieut., Charles W. Rose; 2d Lieut., Co. H.—Captain, Thomas F. House ; 1st Orville W. Heath. Lieut. Waterman F. Corey ; 2d Co. Z".—Captain, William Y. W. Ripley ; 1st Lieut., Romeo H. Start. Lieut., George T. Roberts ; 2d Lieut., Co. I. —Captain, Thomas Nelson ; 1st Lieut., Levi G. Kingsley. James Powers ; 2d Lieut., Alexander W. Beattie. Second Regiment. Co. K.—Capt. Elon 0. Hammond ; 1st Lieut., Colonel, Henry Whiting. Amasa T. Smith ; 2d Lieut., Alonzo Lieutenant Colonel, George J. Stannard. E. Pierce. Major, Charles H. Joyce. Fourth Chaplain, Rev. C. B. Smith of Brandon. Regiment. Colonel, Edwin H. Stoughton. Co. A.—Captain, James H. Walbridge ; 1st Lieutenant Colonel, Harry N. Worthen. Lieut., Newton Stone ; 2d Lieut., William H. Cady. Major, John C. Tyler. Chaplain, Rev. S. M. Plymton. Co. B.—Captain, Samuel Hope ; 1st Lieut., John Howe ; 2d Lieut., Enoch John- Co. J:.—John E. Pratt; 1st Lieut., Albert son. K. Parsons ; 2d Lieut., Gideon H. Co. C. —Captain, Edward A. Todd; 1st Lieut., Benton. John S. Tyler Lieut., ; 2d Henry C. Co. B.—Captain, James H. Piatt Jr. ; 1st Campbell. Lieut., Alfred K. Nichols ; 2d Lieut., Co. D. —Captain, Charles Dillingham ; 1st Samuel H. Chamberlin. Lieut., William W. Henry; 2d Go. C. —Captain, Henry B. Atherton ; 1st Lieut., Charles C. Gregg. Lieut., George B. French; 2dLieut., Co. E.—Captain, Richard Smith ; 1st Lieut. Daniel D. Wheeler. Lucius C. Whitney ; 2d Lieut., Co. D. —Captain, George Tucker; 1st Lieut., Orville Bixby. George W. Quimby ; 2d Lieut., John Co. F.—Captain, Francis V. Randall ; 1st H. Bishop. Lieut., Walter A. Phillips ; 2d Lieut., Co. E. —Captain, Henry L. Terry; 1st Lieut., Horace F. Grossman. Stephen M. Pingree; 2d Lieut., Co. G. —Captain, John T. Drew; 1st Lieut., Daniel Lillie. David L. ; 2d Lieut., Sharpley Anson Co. F. —Captain, Addison Brown, Jr. ; 1st H. Weed. Lieut., William C. Holbrook; 2d Co. H.—Captain, William T. Burnham ; 1st Lieut., Dennie W. Farr. , 444 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. P. Foster ; 1st Co. G. —Captain, George Co. F. —Captain, Edwin F. Reynolds ; 1st Lieut., Henry H. Hill; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Elijah Whitney; 2d Lieut., Joseph W. D. Carpenter. Dennison A. Raxford. Co. n.—Captain, Robert W. Laird ; 1st Co. (?.—Captain, William H. H. Hall; 1st Lieut., Abial W. Fisher; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Alfred M. Nevins; 2d Lieut., J. Byron Brooks. Edwin C. Lewis. Co. I. —Captain, Leonard A. Stearns ; 1st Co. H. —Captain, David B. Davenport ; 1st Lieut., Levi M. Tucker; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Robinson Templeton; 2d Albert A. Allard. Lieut., Luther Ainsworth. Captain, Frank B. 1st Lieut. I. Co. K. — Gove; Co. —Captain, Wesley Harelton ; 1st Charles W. Bontin ; 2d Lieut., Wm. Lieut., William B. Reynolds; 2d C. Tracy. Lieut., Edwin R. Kinney. Co. K. —Captain, Elisha L. Barney ; 1st Fifth Regiment. Lieut., Lucius Green; 2d Lieut., Colonel, Henry A. Smalley. Alfred H. Keith. Lieutenant Colonel, Nathan Lord, Jr. Major, Lewis A. Grant. Seventh Regiment. Chaplain, Rev. V. M. Simons. Colonel, George T. Roberts. Co. A. —Captain, Charles G. Chandler; 1st Lieutenant Colonel, Volney S. FuUam. Lieut., Alonzo R. Hurlburt ; 2d Major, William C. Holbrook. Lieut., Louis M. D. Smith. Co. A.—Captain, David B. Peck ; 1st Lieut., Co. B. —Captain, Charles W. Rose ; 1st Heman Austin ; 2d Lieut., Hiram Lieut., Wilson D. Wright ; 2d Lieut., B. Fish. Olney A. Comstock. Co. B. —Captain, William Cronan ; IstLieut., Co. C. Captain, John D. Sheridan ; 1st — Darwin A. Smalley; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Friend H. Lieut., Barney ; 2d Jackson V. Parker. Jesse A. Jewett. Co. C. —Captain, Henry M. Porter ; 1st Captain, Reuben C. Benton ; 1st Co. D. — Lieut., Erwin V. N. Hitchcock; 2d Lieut., James Stiles; Lieut., W. 2d Lieut., John G. Dickinson. Samuel Sumner, Jr. Co. D. —Captain, John B. Kilburn ; 1st Lieut., E. Captain, Charles P. Dudley ; 1st Co. — William B. Thrall; 2d Lieut., Lieut., William II. H. Peck; 2d George E. Cross. Lieut., Samuel E. Burnham. Captain, Co. E.— Daniel Landon ; 1st Lieut., Co. F.—Captain, Edwin S. Stowell ; 1st George W. Sheldon ; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Cyrus R. Lieut., Crane; 2d Richard T. Cull. Eugene A. Hamilton. Co. F. —Captain, Lorenzo D. Brooks ; 1st Captain, Benjamin R. ; 1st Co. G. — Jenne Lieut., Edgar N. Ballard; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Charles T. Allchine; 2d Rodney C. Gates. Lieut., Martin J. McManus. Co. O. —Captain, Salmon Button ; 1st Lieut., II. Captain, Chai'les W. Seagar; 1st Co. — George M. R. Howard; 2d Lieut., Lieut., Cornelius H. Forbes; 2d Leonard P. Bingham. Lieut., Charles J. Ormsbee. Co. H. —Captain, Mahlon M. Young; 1st I. Captain, John R. 1st Lieut., Co. — Lewis; Lieut., Henry H. French; 2d Lieut., William ; P. Spalding 2d Lieut., George H. Kelley. Henry Ballard. Co. I. —Captain, Charles C. Ruggles; 1st Co. K. —Captain, Frederick F. Gleason ; 1st Lieut., Charles Clark ; 2d Lieut., Lieut., William 2d Lieut., Symons ; Aiistin E. Woodman. George J. Hatch. Co. K. —Captain, David P. Barber ; 1st Lieut., John L. Moseley; 2d Lieut., Sixth Regiment. Allen Spalding. Colonel, Nathan Lord, Jr. Lieutenant Colonel, Asa P. Blunt. Eighth Regiment. Major, Oscar S. Tuttle. Colonel, Stephen Chaplain, Rev. S. H. Stone. Thomas. Lieutenant Colonel, Edward M. Brown. Co. A. —Captain, George Parker, Jr. ; 1st Maj or, Charles Dillingham. Lieut., Riley 0. Bird; 2d Lieut., Frank G. Buttorfield. Co. A. —Captain, Luman M. Grant ; 1st Lieut., Moses McFarland ; 2d Lieut., Co. B. —Captain, Alonzo B. Hutchinson ; 1st Lieut., La Marquis Tubbs ; 2d Gilman S. Rand. Lieut., Barnard D. Fabyan. Co. B. —Captain, Charles B. Child ; 1st Co. C. —Captain, Jesse C. Spaulding; 1st Lieut., Stephen T. Spalding; 2d Lieut., George C. Randall; 2d Lieut., Frederick D. Buttertield. Lieut., Hiram A. Kimball. Co. C. —Captain, Henry E. Foster ; 1st Lieut., Co. D.-—Captain, Oscar A. Hale; 1st Lieut., Edward B. Weight; 2d Lieut., George H. Phelps; 2d Lieut., Carlos Frederick J. Fuller. W. Dwinnell. Co. D.—Captain, Cyrus B. Leach; IstLieut., Getchell; Lieut., Da- Co. E. —Captain, Edward W. Barker ; 1st Alfred E. 2d Lieut., Thomas R. Clark; 2d Lieut., rius G. Child. Frank B. Bradbury. Co. E. —Captain, Edward Hall; 1st Lieut. ;; MILITARY CHAPTER. 445 Kilbum Day; 2d Lieut., Truman Edward Rice, Jr. ; 2d, Henry N. Col- Kellogg. burn, Salmon B. Hebard. Co. F. —Captain, Hiram E. Perkins ; 1st 2d Battery. —Captain, Lensie R. Sayles Lieut., Daniel S. Foster; 2d Lieut., Lieutenants—1st, Benjamin N. Dyer, Carter H. Nason. Coridon D. Smith ; 2d, John A. Co. G. —Captain, Samuel G. P. Craig; 1st Quilty, John W. Chase. Lieut., Job W. Green; 2d Lieut., John B. Mead. NAMES OF VOLUNTEERS, 1st Co. H. —Captain, Henry F. Dutton ; With their residence, to what regiment Lieut., Alvin B. Franklin ; 2d Lieut., William H. H. Holton. and company attached, and their respective 1st ages. Co. I. —Captain, William W. Lynde ; Barnet. Lieut., George N. Holland; 2d Lieut., Joshua C. Morse. Third Regiment. Co, K. —Captain, John S. Clark; 1st Lieut., Co. C—Wm. H. Ash ; Henry Brock, 30 ; Adoniram J. Howard; 2d Lieut., Jacob C. Goodale, 25 ; David Somers, 28. George F. French. Co. G. —Henry Farewell, 45; Benj. Fare- well ; Henry C. Thompson, 20 ; Charles E. First Cavalry Regiment. Peabody. Colonel, Lemuel B. Piatt. Co. I. —Nelson Blodget, 23 ; John Sulivan, Lieutenant Colonel, Geo. B. Kellogg. 23 ; John A. Sutherland, 24 ; Reynolds A. Major, William D. Collins. Kenady. Major, John D. Bartlett. Fourth Regiment. George N. Harvey (com. sergt.) ; Francis Co. A.—Captain, Frank A. Piatt ; 1st Lieut., Page, 17 ; Horace Page, 23 ; Wm. Page, 21 Joel B. Erhardt ; 2d Lieut., Ellis B. Henry Gilchrist, 20 ; John Welch. Edwards. Co. B.—Captain, George B. Conger ; 1st Sixth Regiment. Lieut., William M. Beaman; 2d Co. B.—Archibald Hariman, 34. Lieut., Jed. P. Clark. Co. E. —James Gray, 45; Nelson T. Scott; Captain, Co. C. — William Wells ; 1st Lieut., John McGill, 40. Henry M. Paige; 2d Lieut., Eli Holden. Eighth Regiment. Co. Captain, Co. P. ; D.— Addison W. Preston; 1st C.—A. Hawley Geo. Goodale, 23 ; Lieut., John W. Bennett ; 2d Lieut., Eben Goodale; Charles Newman, 20; Robert William G. Cummings. Morse, 19; Geo. H. Hazeltine, 19; Nathan- Co. E. —Captain, Samuel P. Rundlett; 1st iel Annis. Lieut., Andrew J. Grover ; 2d Lieut., First Cavalry Regi?nent. John C. Holmes. Co. D. —Josiah H. Moor ; Henry A. Moor Co. F. —Captain, Josiah Hall; 1st Lieut., Elijah Page ; Byron Morrill ; Horace Ide, 22 Robert Schofield, Jr. ; 2d Lieut., Loren Brigham, 21 ; Jas. Davies, 21 ; James Nathaniel E. Hayward. Asden, 19; Wm. Cummings; Bartlett Beard, Co. Captain, James A. ; G.— Sheldon 1st 50; Charles Beard; Oscar Beard, 20; Henry Lieut., George H. Bean ; 2d Lieut., H. Beard, 24 ; John Beard ; Guy E. Clement. Dennis M. Blackwer. Co. H. —Captain, Selah G. Perkins; 1st BerdarCs Sharp Shooters. Lieut., Franklin T. Huntoon ; 2d Augustus Page. Lieut., Charles A. Adams. iVeto Hampshire Regiments. Co. I. —Captain, Edward B. Sawyer ; 1st Lieut., Henry C. Flint; 2d Lieut., Henry H. Dewey, 22 ; Wm. Morgan ; Geo. Josiah Grout, Jr. Morgan ; James Morgan ; Azro Morgan. Co. K. Captain, Franklin — Moore ; 1st Lieut., Massachusetts Regiments. John S. Ward ; 2d Lieut., John Albert 15th, Benj. P. Williamson. Hardy; House. Miscellaneous. Sharp Shooters. Robert Cowen, 22 ; John Farewell, 19 ; 1st Co. —Captain, Edmund Weston, Jr. ; 1st Geo. Ryan, 21 Loren Winslow, 23 ; Henry Lieut., Charles W. Seaton ; 2d Matthews, 22; Edwin Peabody, 20; Joseph Lieut., Martin V. Bronson. Clark; G. C. Clement (corp. cav.); Thomas Guthrie, ; ; 2d Co. —Captain, Homer R. Stoughton ; 1st 20 James Ramsey Carlos F. Mc- 19. Lieut., Frederick Spalding ; 2d Nab, Lieut., Henry M. Hall. [From Peter Lindsay, 1st Selectman.] Zd Co. —Captain, Gilbert Hart; 1st Lieut., Henry Herbert; 2d Lieut., Albert Burke. Baxton. First Regiment. Co. B. —Russel B. Page, 43 (cavalry) . Light Arlillery. 1st Battery. —Captain, George W. Duncan Third Regiment. ; Lieutenants—1st, George T. Hebard, Co. ^.—Charles W. AVells, 16 Charles ;; f f ; 446 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Eggleston, 20 ; Myron Eggleston, 23 ; Joseph Bailey, 28 ; Benjamin F. Carr, 26 (deceased) Eggleston, 24 ; Franklin J. Thomas, 16. Amos B. Chace, 35 ; Edwin Hall, 32. Co. G^.—Albert H. Jenkins, 24; Porter Butler's Regiment. Morse, 30 ; Henry Bruce, 32. Eleazer Morrill, 40 ; Trefrew Paquien, 22 Fourth Regiment. William W. Bacon, 36 (artillery) ; Henry A. Co. B. —R. G. Hayward (eorp.). Crane, 20. Co. i?.—Henry C. Carleton, 22. [From M. T. Alexander and Wm. B. Palmer.] Co. G. —James R. Page, 19 ; Albert Car- penter, 18; Charles C. Clogston, 16. Groton. Third Regiment. Seventh Regiment. Co. C. —Geo. Stebbins, 24; Leveret Page, Co. n.—Ephraim Orcutt, 18. 24 ;f Morris Vance,f 23; Charles Burnham, 20;]- Charles Burbank, Eighth Regiment. 17 ;f Charles Jones, 26 ;f Gardner Orr, 21. Co. K. —Oramel Parker, 23 ; Perry Porter, Co. jy.—Moses Page, Jr., 20 Charles 20; Kingsley Stoddard, 20; Henry Wood- ;f Emery, ruff, 19; Franklin Cheney, 18; Alanson 23.t. Co! JS:.—William Scott, White, 26; Charles C. Burt, 26; Joseph 22.f Crotean, 21 ; Willis Jenkins, 34 ; Harrison Fourth Regiment. Hunter, 24 ; Azro H. Henison, 17 ; Warren Co. B.—George Philbrick, 35.* S. Norris, 19. [From A. Burington.] Sixth Regiment. Co. ^.—Charles Brock, 20.t Danville. Co. j&.—Everett Ricker, 25 ;+ Robt. Taisey, Third Regiment. 25.t Co. K.—George Scott, 2d, 20.f Co. (?.—Franklin L. Badger, 80; John Eighth Regiment, Gorman, 34 ; Harvey D. Judkins, 20 ; Alvin B. Danforth, ; Charles Danforth, 19.-}- 25 19 Asa Emery, 21 ;f Charles Emery, 2d, Charles Northrop, 18 ; Franklin B. Caswell, Sixth Massachusetts Regiment. 19; John Doney, 40; Edward Dana, 21; Co. ^.—Frederic Glover, 25.* Nathan Davenport, 35 ; John Cook, 30. Wells River Co. —1st Lieut., Danforth C. Seventeenth New York Regiment. Haviland. Benjamin Emery, 25. Fourth Regiment. Co. 5'.—Capt., Robert W. Laird, 35; 1st Forty-Fifth Illinois Regiment. Lieut., Abial W. Fisher, 28 ; 2d Lieut., Frank- John Brown, 20.f lin Bradbury, 24; 1st Sergt., Lewis W. Fish- [From Rev. 0. G. Clark.] er, 24; 2d Sergt., E. H. Stev/art, 26; 1st Corp., Silas H. Stone, 25; 5th Corp., Charles HardWICK. P. Hatch, 28. Privates—Wm. S. Allen, 19 ; Second Regiment. Charles Cook, 18; William Ellis, 34; Jacob George T. Brown, 17 C. Allen, Forrest, 80; John B. Harris, 19; Hiram ;f Wyman 21 Benjamin F. Stuart Abial Foy, 21 ;% Hawkins, 24 ; Geo. A. Hawkins, 22 ; Payson ;t ;t Isaac Bowen, J George Bridgman, 21 ;!• S. Hawkins, 23; J. Lundry, 30; John Mc 28; Wm. F. Norris, 20 Daniel George, 22 Millan, 22; A. S. McDonald, 26; H. B. ;t ;f Charles E. Remick, 20 Charles Canmy.f Morse, 22 ; George Parker, 82 ; Wm. Picket, ;f ; Horace E. 34 Rowe, 26 ; Edward Taylor, Third Regiment. 36; J. F. Vincent, 18; Ezra B. Weeks, 40; Orson Marsh, 30 ;f Albert J. Hoyt, 20 ;f "W. Armstrong, 19 ; Amos C. Barber, 26 Andrew J. Dutton, 33; J Marshall T. Hatch, Franklin Harris, 25 ; Calvin J. B. Harris, 25; B. F. Faylor, 34; 22.t Morris Aaron, 22; Fourth Regiment. Charles Adams, 24; Wm. J. Sly, 19 ; Abram Co. D.—Lyman Kibbee, 21 ;f Charles W. Sulham, 30 ; Edw'd Sulham, 28 ; Simon Rus- Cade, 24 Thomas W. Griffin, 28; J Wm. sell, 23 ; Charles Cowdery, 85. ;f Cunningham, 23 John Bedel, 24 Oscar Allen Guards.—Oliver M. Badger, 18; ;f ; J E. Johnson, 21 ;•)- Joseph Houston, 20 ;f Charles M. Badger, 22 ; H. D. Morrill, 18 Isaac W. Clifford, 80; Wm. G. Scribner. Daniel Adams, 20; Ward Rollins, 20; John J ;* Morrill, Rollins James 24.f Sixth Regiment. First Cavalry Regiment. Charles Paine, 21 ;f Joseph Wakefield, 22 ;f Capt., Addison W. Preston, 80; 4th Sergt., Chester Smith, 21 ;t Giles Smith, 21. Martin V. B. Sai-gent, 28; 2d Corp., John Seventh Regiment. B. Chace, 33. Privates—Benjamin F. Clef- Co. William H. Ward, 22 Chas. W. ford, 28; Harvey J. Bickford, 26; Charles C— ;f Ward, Bickford, 22 ; Kyron Morrill, 20 ; Austin A. 19.f Eighth Regiment. * Of Danville, is serving in an Illinois regiment in Mis- souri. Oscar E. Rice, 35; J Leonard 0. Sanborn, t Served in the 5th Massachusetts regiment, and was in the battle of Bull Run. * Married. t Single. t Family. f f MILITARY CHAPTER. 447 20 Charles F. Eighth 20 ;f Charles W. Ransom, ;t Regiment. Goodwin, 24 ;f Samuel Davison, 18 ;f Wil- Co. ^.—James W. Smith, Rufus D. Smith, lis Lowell, 19 ;f Joel T. Houston, 28; J Geo. Deraming D. Fairbanks, John G. Gordon, Root, 19 ;t Philip Root, 17 ;f Augustus Charles R. Carroll, William Bunker, Daniel Remick, 17 ;f George Barrett, 32 ;f Levi Cole, Wm. A. Hart, Wm. C. Hudson. Barrett, 24 Par- W. Barrett, 28 ;f Charles ;f First Vermont Cavalry. don Allen, 18.-f [From Miss A. Stevens.] Co. D. —Joseph W. Gordon. [From H. Bugbee, P. M.] Ninth Regiment. Chas. Warren,! John Gray,f Frank Page.f Peacham. First Cavalry Regiment. Third Regiment. Bernard E. Walker, 30.^ Alvin Jones;* Francis E. Sargeant;f Joseph N. Sargeant Charles ;f Inman ;f KiKBY. Charles Dubois ;f Nathaniel Heath ;-j- Lucius 0. Morse John Glass ;| Carlos Parker.f Second Regiment. ;f Fourth Regiment. Co. G.—Ephraim Harrington, 28.f E. D. Palmer ;* Charles Gilbert ;* Francis Third Regiment. Field ;-}- William Armstrong ;j- Nelson West ;* Co. 1. —Julius Duplissa ;* George W. New- Isaac Mann;f David Mann;-}- Horace E. hall, 25.t Rowe.f Ltndon. Sixth Regiment. Third Regiment. Willard T. Brown ;* John Somers ;* Wm. F. Jones ;* Archibald Gillis ;* David Co. G^.—Charles W. Allen, 20 John Mer- ;f rill, Aldrich, 19 William Aldrich, Warren f ;t 17";t Cavalry Regiment. Bradley, 24 ;f George F. Brown, 23 ;f Beniah Jacob Trussell Harvey A. Marckres ;-|- S. Carpenter, 20 ;f Haynes Cai'penter, 28 ;f ;f Geo. P. Blair;* Jacob Chapman, Jr., 20 ;}- Orrin Farnsworth, Lorrin Chase;* John Grac}^ Jr. John F. Morse ;* Mark Wheeler ;* 30 ;t Russell U. Farnsworth, 22 ;f George N. ;f Harriman, 20 William H. Hubbard, Dennis White. ;t 28f ; [From Miss M. L. K. Pearson.] (1st sergt.) ; Albert H. Jenkins, 21 ;-j- Edward Mattocks, M. D., 45 (sergt. maj.);* Edward Rye GATE. N. Mattocks, 19 ;t Felix A. Merchant, 25 ;t Abel B. Quimby, 19 ;f George J. Quimby, 24 W. J. Henderson (Capt.) ;* Thomas Nel- (corp.) ifRomanzoV. Quimby,f 21 ; Aaron W. son (Capt.), 48;* Alex. Beattie (1st Lieut.), Quimby, 56 ;* Francis B. Root, 32 Albert 32 Henry ;f ;f C. Miller (corporal), 22.f Pri- F. Scruton, 23 John W. Whipple, 20 ;f ;t vates—Charles Lamb, 18 ;f Samuel Scott, Chas. W. Hill, 19 William H. Hunter, 21 David Scott, 20 ;t 22.f ;f ;t Henry Gibson, 22 ;f Co. D. —Edson I. Harriman, David Wright, 49 18.f ;f' James Wright, 19 ;f Henry C. Wright, 17 Archibald McCall, Fourth Regiment. ;t 21;-f- Henry McColl, 19 ;t Henry Neilson, Geo. Henry Fisher,f 18 ; Chas. Burt,f 22. 17 ;-j- James A. Chamberlin, 19 \-\ Henry M. Currier, 20 Albert Langmail, Seventh Regiment. ;f 22 ;f Hor- ace Page, 22 Francis Page, 18 H. W. Dr. Enoch Blanchard, 33 (asst. surgeon) ;* ;t ;t Gardner, 28 ;* Thomas Guthrie, 18 Arch- Leonard Balch, 40;* Charles Balch, 18 ;f ;f ibald Guthrie, 17 ;f James Guthrie, 23 ;f Robert McVicar, 42 ;* Charles A. Ward, 20.t John R. Holmes, 21 ;f George W. Hayward,* Additional Volunteers. John Whitcher,* J. T. H. McLure, 27 ;* Wheeler,! John S. Cameron, 21 ;-j- Elmore Albert Baker, Austin Miles, Charles But- Vance. terfield, Alex. McVicar, Henry Pierce, Henry Deos. [From Rev. James M. Beattie.] Navy. St. Johnsbxjry. Wm. A. Baker, 34 ;* Abram Hicks,27.* Third Regiment. [From I. W. Sanburn.] Co. C.—G. R. Kellum, David E. Harriman, Newark. Geo. W. Bonnett, Thomas Howard, William Norris, Alonzo H. Nutc, Daniel S. Lee, .lohn Third Regiment. W. Ramsey (2d Lieut.), Thomas Bishop, Co. G. —Levi West (died in hospital) ; Johh S. Kilby, Hiram Hanscorn, William L. Lawrence Ryan (discharged). Jackson (hospital steward), John A. Pad- Co. J:.—Wesley P. Carroll. dock, Ephraim P. Howard, Henry N. Cross- musician), Fourth Regiment. man (principal A. 0. Kidder, Cur- John Ryan. tis R. Crossman (clerk to brigade surgeon), Amos H. Robinson, William H. Hawes. Wn>. Sixth Regiment. Tuohy, Chas. Hodgdon, D. C. Haviland (1st Co. ^.—B. T. French, Asa B. French, Lieut., dis.), Franklin Belknapp. Henry F. Sheldon. * Married. t Single. X Family. 448 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Co. D. —Hugh Montague, James Doyle, Sheffield. Thomas Whalan, Joseph Gartland. Warren Bradley, Asa C. Brown, Joseph Co. G.—John H. Hutchinsou (1st Lieut.), Barber, Elmere Berry, Edwin Berry, Ste- James Dickerman, Moses F. Brown (2d phen Berry, Stephen E. Drown, John Ell- Lieut.), Michael Foly, John McDonnall. kins, Leon Gorman, Silas E. Gray, William Co. ^.—Edward Bailey, Cha.s McCarthy. Gray, Sanford Gray, Azro Gray, Jerry Gray, Co. I. —Justus Duplesee. Hiram Gray, William Green, Cyrus Root, Co. K. —Charles Kennedy. James Sympson (deceased), Jacob Miles, Band. —Arthur E. Worthen, Oliver W. Alanson Switzer, Albert Serriton, Aaron Hoyer, W. H. Herrick, Charles L. Paddock, Sympson, Charles Sandborn, Alonzo Tay- Pred. E. Carpenter, Leonard Miles. troe, George Walcott. Teamster.—W. H. Stevens. [From Dr. A. M. Ward.] Fourth Regiment, Sutton. William Howard. Perry C. Dean, 24 ;f Hugh Crow, 25 ;f Co. A. —Oscar F. Guy. A. R. Stone, 28 ;t Charles Hodgdon, 23;} Co. B.—Sohn C. Shay. S. W. Cobleigh, 21 ;f Silas Cobleigh, 23 ;} Co. G.—J. W. D. Carpenter (2d Lieut.), Luther B. Harris, 16 ;f A. P. Blake, 17 ;} Stephen H. Brockway. L. P. Clark, 21 ;} Amos Ham, 26 ;f Loren Co. Z".—Charles N. Blake. Ayers, 26 ;•}• David Ratery, 28 ;f Lawrence Porter, 21 L. Cas- Ryan, 22 ;f Perry ;f B. Fifth Regiment. 58.* well, 20 ;f L. W. Young, Band. —Edward P. Carpenter (dis.). [From Key. L. T. Harris.] Sixth Regiment. Walden. Marshal Montgomery, Austin Bailey, Amos Lieutenant Colonel, Asa P. Blunt. Cushion, E. D. Dutton,* C. 0. Gibson,* Geo. Co. C—John F. Murdock, Walter E. Mur- Lowell,* David W. Stevens, Wm. H. Hunt, dock, Dennis Townsend, Daniel W. Cutler. Alonzo Woodard, Dudley Bixby, Jas. Bailey, Co. E. —Elmore W. Pierce, Rensselaer Nathan Chamberlin, Geo. P. Foster (Capt.), Bickford, George W. Bickford, A. F. Carpen- John Hibbard,* James J. Snow,* Moses S. ter, Edwin W. Barker. Clefford, Louis B. Paquet, Levi B. Richard- son, John N. Smith, Alanson C. Kitteredge,* Seventh Regiment. Thomas Ferrin,* Freeman Capron,* H. W. Co. C. —Dwight Knapp. Capron, Wm. Smith. [From Hon. James D. Bell.] Eighth Regiment. Wateefokd. Co. C. —John Gilman, Orange F. Lyme, Charles E. Dunton, 0. F. Haywood, Geo. Third Regiment. Hannet, Geo. Howard, John A. Ripley. Co. I. —Samuel C. Chaplin, Samuel S. Co. C. —Henry V. Severance, Lewis Clark, Stoddard, Jacob Goodell, Ebenezer Goodell, W. I. Heyer (dis.), George KJaapp, Turrill E. Nelson Blodgett, Joseph S. Bean, Carleton Harriman, Nathan P. Jay, Harvey G. Perigo, Felch, Alfred Prouty, jr. Michael Carr, Asahel M. F. Dean, Amos Bel- [From L. S. Freeman.] knapp, Martin H. Wilcox, Francis Cushman, Samuel Fletcher, 27 ;f Jerome Fletcher, Annis. Rowell, Ronold Kennedy, 25 ;f Dan 22 ;{ Co. ^.—Edgar Blake. 27 ;t John McDonald, 25 ;t Geo. Hoag, 20 ;t John Lee, 26 ;* Geo. Bonett, Cavalry Regiment. 23.f [From T. A. Cutler.] Co. C. —Martin G. Davis. Co. D.—Darwin J. Wright, John W. Wood- Wheelock. bury, Charles Knapp, Joseph Hutchinson [Ages between 21 and 30 years; all single men.] (prisoner). Third Regiment. Co. /.—John P. Eddy. Co. G. —Bial Jones, Henry Folsom. Thirteenth Massachusetts Regiment. Fourth Regiment. Co. B.—F. 0. Baker, John B. Curtis. Co. G. —Amos Cushion. Co. H. —Augustus Londry. Miscellaneous. Sixth Regiment. Livingston, Charles West, Alexander Or- Co. E. —Patrick King, Charles Hill, Austin ville Hutchinson, R. C. Vaughn, George Mc Copsan,§ Wm. Judd, Joseph Barber, George Curdy, Lewis Merchant, Enos Webber, Lyn- Wolcott, Frederick Whitney, Harrison S. don Arnold, William Hannet (died in serv- Way, Osias D. Matthewson, Daniel S. Jones, ice), William Pierce, Leavit, Orville W. Stephen M. Jones, Isaiah Piper, Sanford Hutchinson, Hiram Gorham, Benjamin F. Gray,' David Allard, Roswell L. Copsan, Jas. Cummings, George G. McCurdy, Charles H. Riglesby, Frederick Shouty. Alexander Livingston, Calvin J. West, Hum- [From Hon. T. J. Cree.] phrey, Roswell C. Vaughan, Benj. D. West. * Married. t Single. X Family. [From Dr. I. D. Kilbourne.] I Died at Camp Griffin, Nov. 29, 1861. CALEDONIA COUNTY VOLUNTEERS — Tenth Regiment. Continued. ,rr,^n/T'^w "" ?«rtlieaume, Samuel Merri- Barnet. ^«° 450 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. NINE MONTHS MEN. Orison Marsh, Benj. F. Page, Wm. C. Nor- ris. Fifteenth Regiment. [These last ten names are probably the same corrected Co. B.—Capt., James M.Ayre; 1st Sergt., as on pp. 445-46.—^ci.] Charles D. Brainard ; George E. Sias ; 2d NINE months' men. Corp., Joel C. Goodwin; 6th Corp., W. H. Fifteenth Regiment. H.Wilhey ; 8th Corp., N. H. Page ; Drummer, Walter Sulham. Privates—Elicom C. Bas- William A. Morse, Dean J. Woodbury, Syl- com, Charles Burdick, Noah Burdick, Albert vanus Crandall, G. H. Walton, Joseph S. Carr, Alonzo Carr, Ethan Carr, Jas. W. Carr, Walton, Corrie W. Sanborn, Josiah Chum, Cyrus B. Clark, Samuel E. Davis, John Dana, Nathan Field, Wm. W. Gifford, Wm. Kenas- Wm. P. French, George H. Galbraith, Ro- ton, Wm. H. Stuart, E. T. Howard, Zenas A. dolphus Goodale, John L. Goodall, Oliver M. Badger, Lucius S. Gissey, Archibald D. Green, Wm. H. H- Haviland, Gardner L. Nelson, Charles S. Wakefield, Geo. H. Drew, Heath, George W. Howe, Edmund C. Little, E. M. Woodbury, B. F. Smith, Joseph H. Joseph Martin, Samuel P. Martin, Robert Magoon, Orrin B. Hall, John Cunningham, Meader, Abner W. Miner, Augustus Morrill, Charles E. Cheever, Geo. M. Stevens, Geo. Alden W. Morse, Oliver L. Morse, Henry C. P. Sanborn, Norman J. Kingsbury, Asael Nute, Stillman N. Nutting, Nathan P. Par- Hall, V. M. Currin, Pyam Hovey, John M. ker, Edwin L. Reed, Henry M. Roberts, Wm. Giffin, E. T. Howard. H. H. Rollins, Lyman Russell, Wm. W. Sias, [From S. R. Goodrich. L. W. Delano, J. W. Blanchard, Fred. G. Stanton, John P. Tilton, Wm. Wal- selectmen of Hardwick.] lace, Isaac P. Woodward, Putnam D. Mc- KlRBY. Millan, Quartermaster ; George Varney, Wa- goner. Third Regiment. [From Miss A. F. Preston, copied from the records of Recruits. —Reuben Pease, Jr., Loran Page, thBtown,No7. 23, 1862.] Chas. A. Hoadley, Homer S. Young, Wm. Merchant, Bazalael Archer, Benj. C. Wood. Geoton. Fourth Regiment. THKEE years' MEN. Co. C—John S. Russell. Third Regiment. Co. 0.—Ovy\\ D. Cobleigh. Co. F. — Charles Dow, Aaron Darling, Eighth Regiment. Wm. Hays, Morris Page, Alva Page, Horace Co C. —Oscar Haywood. William Annis. Wood, Co. ^.—Willard Wood. Co. H. —Jerrie Emery, Reuben Goodwin, Timothy Emei'y, Isaiah Frost, Rufus Lund. Tenth Regiment. Co. A.—Henry Brovrn, Merritt Parker, Sixth Regiment. Henry Bailey, George Bailey. Co. ^.—John Scott. First Cavalry Regiment. First Cavalry Regiment. Recruit. —Franklin G. B. Ennet. Marshall Darling, Jolin Whitehill, Sylva- Co. I. —Josiah Grout. Lund. nus NINE months' men. NINE months' men. Fifteenth Regiment. Twelfth Regiment. Co. G.—Sewell H. Bonett, Ransom Smer- Co. B. — Scott Darling, Isaac Ricker, age, Edson H. Ranney. Charles Lamphire, Isaiah D. Ricker, David Co. K. —Ira Quimby, Franklin E. Cob- Miller, Silas B. Morrison, Lafayette Car- leigh, Henry A. Joslin, Robert Gunston, penter, Andrew Jackson Carpenter, Augus- Ezra Copp, Jr., Joseph Chasteney, John A. tus M. Heath, Thaddeus Millville, Isaac Moore. Goodwin, Willis Vance, Nathan Usher, Dan- [From Charles H. Graves, Esq.] iel Wormwood. [From Rev. 0. G. Clark.] Lyndon. three years' MEN. Hardwick. George C. Latham, 2-5 ; Orville J. Magoon, Courrell, ; Silas Farnsworth, THREE years' MEN. 21 ; James 18 ; Samuel B. Hadgdon, 19 ; Hobart S. Milo Scribner, Albert J. Burnham, John 2d, 21 Homer, 29 ; James A. Perry, 18 ; Hiram C. (illegible), Wm. H Allen, C. 0. Gibson, ; Connell, ; James S. Wesley Alexander, Joseph H. Lane, Prentiss Taylor, 45 David 20 19; John Harrigan, 30; Samuel Scribner, D. G. Whitcher, J. G. Parker, M. Simpson, Winchester, 32 ; Daniel J. Weed, 45 ; Jonas D. Chandler, Levi Henis, Charles B. Sewall, McLoud, 43 ; George L. Sawtell, 18 Jr., Philip Cameron, Harry P. Philbrook, G. 0. Stockwell, 25 ; Willard P. Chaf- Oliver W. Cross, John Cass, Geo. W. Stevens, Hubbard 22. Orra C. Cole, Wm. J. Utley, George R. fee, months' men. Beach, Pardon W. Allen, Joseph A. Houston, NINE Charles A. Ward, Brainard E. Walker, Saml. Stephen R. McGaffe (Capt.); Henry E. (3d B. Davison, Joel G. Houston, Oscar F. Rice, Graves (1st sergt.) ; Charles E. Hammond MILITARY CHAPTER. 451 sergt.); Francis A. Fletcher (4tli sergt.); James R. Beede, Horace E. Brockway, Oscar Curtis G. Mooney, Austin M. Bean, Nicliolas C. Bickford, Oliver A. Brown, Gates B. Bul- Hyan, Samuel G. McGaffee, Edwin C. Rus- lard, William A. Chapman, Daniel P. Celley, sell, Porter AVilliams, Frank Valcoure, Chas. Albert M. Cook, Nelson Cary, Charles C. Sidney, John Williams, Jr., Harvey J. Flan- Chapman, Charles E. Davis, Nathaniel P. ders, Arthur McLaughlin, Charles H. Fisher, Dean, Jr., Henry G. Ely, Albert F. Felch, Mark P. Goodell, Hugh O'Donnell, Moses Ezra B. Gates, George E. Goodall, Nathan P. Miles, Dennis Duhigy, James N. Capron, Harrington, Samuel W. Hall, Albert Harris, Joseph Lefo, Sewell H. Bonett, Silas E. Ira A. Harvey, Alfred Howard, Hoyt Dunbar, Dunton, Hubbard Gaskell, Leon Valle, George H. Ide, Edward M. Ide, James B. Frank Hill, Don C. Ayer, Raben W. Ayer, Jones, William Lamb, Charles Little, Josiah Joseph C. Stevens; Zeno Willey (Corp.) McGaffy, Elbert W. Miles, Joseph Mudgett, Joseph Aldrich, Edwin Dickerman, and two Wm. D. C. Nichols, Hiram T. Page, Edward foreigners, names unknown. Potter, Horatio N. Roberts, Chas. H. Ramsey, [From Wm. Harvey.] Edward D. Redington, Franklin Roberts, Solan S. Roberts. Benjamin Rogers, Henry Newark. P. Sawyer, Charles F. Spalding, Cyrus Sar- Sixth Regiment. gent, Theron W. Sernton, George Shorej'', Henry Shorey, William H. Sherman, James Co. E. —Joseph French, David H. Hudson. T. Steele, George A. Stickney, John R. Tenth Regiment. Thompson, Harrison W. Varney, George B. Co. A. —Thomas J. Drew, James Gordon, Woodward, Edward P. Warner, Albert F. Ira B. Cole. Wheeler, James D. White, Charles H. Walter, Eleventh Regiment. Chauncey L. Welch, Oscar L. Whitelaw, Chas. Co. A. —Augustus B. Fullerton. AV. Witcomb, Leslie G. Williamson, Edgar W. Young, Henry S. Young, Carleton P. Frost. Fifteenth Regiment.. [From Dr. I. D. Kilborne]. Co. E.—Geo L. Hudson, Russell T. Sleep- er, Rufus G. Allard, James B. Ball, Denison Sutton. F. Corliss, Desany Gould, John P. Smith. Third Regiment. [From D. P. Johnson, John A. Smith, M. W. Stoddard, Selectmen ] Co. G.—Henry Bruce, Mark W. Gray Peacham. Fourth Regiment. Second Regiment Co. Z>.—William H. Goodwin, Martin H. Bartlett, Marcellus L. Colby, George H. Ball, Recruits. —Hazen Hooker, Benjamin H. William F. Stoddard, Charles Merrill. H. Ball, John Blake, Joel Ball, N. R. Moulton. Eighth Regiment. Recruit. —Oscar Daniels. Seventh Regiment. Co. ^.—Alvah Elmer. Tenth Regiment. Ninth Regiment. Co. A. —Arthur McLaughlin, Jr., Robert Haskell, Jerry Fields, Martin Hardy, Wm. Co. H. —Freeman Haswell, Ambrose Al- Wallace, Charles Lyford, Samuel Mann, Geo. lard, Chauncey Allard. M. D. Dowse. Eleventh Regiment. Eleventh Regiment. Co. Z>.—Nathan Smith. Co. A. —Newell Blanchard, Newcomb Co. H. —Ambrose Allard. Martin, Austin Wheeler, William Mattocks.* Co. K.—Reuben C. Moulton. Co. /.—Tisdale Eddy. Fifteenth Regiment. Fifteenth Regiment. Co. G!.—George H. Blake, William C. Gliddon, Lewis W. Gordon, Lucius J. John C. Blanchard (1st Lieut.) ; Leigh R. Camp- bell, Otis Ham, Alvin Jewell, Charles Bundy, Pearson (1st sergt.) ; Harvey Hand, B. John Hand, James Cassady, Wm. Cassady, Chas. P. Daniel R. Densmore, Sargent J. Whipple, Varnum, Jonas G. Varnum, Alvin Harriman, George Bundy, Thomas C. Green, Calvin R. Henry N. Clarke, Albert Gould, Stephen Stone, John B.. Webster, Freeman Hyde. Heath, Elijah W, Sargent, IraH. Waldo, Chas. Co. /.—Charles Flint, Aaron Willey. B. Bickford, Edw. C. Palmer, John Ray, John First Cavalry Regiment. S. Hight, Enoch G. Barker, George F. Nute, Co. D. —William Daniels, John N. Frost, Nelson Bailey, John C. Hendry, Asa Sar- Alonzo Wilson, William R. Roundy, Ira S. gent, 2d, Hiram C. Varnum, Samuel M. Far- Bryant. row. First Battery. Waterford. Recruit. Alexander Ferguson — Third Regiment. Recruit. St. Johnsburt. —Austin H. Hall. Co. C. —Alonzo C. Armington, Moses A. NINE months' men. Parker, Charles Prouty, Lorenzo Hutton. John Allen, Heni-y M. Ayer, Roseme E. Co. 6!^.—Charles W. Hall, John McDonald Bacon, Milo A. Barbour, Silas M. Beede, Co. iT.—Gordon Smith. 452 VERMONT HISTORICAL MAGAZINE. Co. I. —Valentine N. Blodgett, Wm. Craw- Co. D. —^Elisha C. Page, Geo. B. Davison, ford, Frank Hadley, Oliver Sanborn, George Loren Richardson. Green, Baxsted Bowman, Hiram Davis, Ed- ward C. Morrell. NINE months' men. Fourth Regiment. John Bowman, S. F. Aldrich, E. R. Clark, Co. G.—Joseph Moreau. Emery L. Hovey, Edwin E. Hovey, Samuel Fletcher, Charles J. Stoddard, Jas. C. Lewis, Eighth Regiment. F. J. Dalton, Edgar 0. Matthews, J. W, Goodell, Lorin Co. G. —EbenC. P.Winslow, Curtis, Charles W. Davis, Asa L. Hurlburt, Harvey Perigo, James K. Bonett, Hiram L. Daniel P. Rowell, George B. Rowell, Calvin Jay. Whipple, Nathan P. Green, Lander C. Ormsby, Allen Carpenter, Tenth Regiment. Joseph Valley. Co. A. —Isaac L. Powers, Geo. H. Conley, [From Lorenzo Green, Jonathan Farr, Samis Ha7, Be- Charles A. Conley, Charles R. Hoagg, John lectanen]. A. P. Gammel, Jefferson Packard WhEEIiOCK. Eleventh Regiment. Asa Allard, Clark Willey, Oscar Bogue, Co. A. John C. Burnham, Dennis S. Hurd, — William H. Jones, John F. Kelly, William J. Charles Ross, A. Harlan, P. Ross, Edward P. Ranney, John Wines, Asa Miles, Robert Al- Lee, EUery H. Carter, Warren Phillips, Jas. ston, Artimas C. Whitney, James Highly, N. Joslin, Luther C. Bonett, Joseph W. Edwin C. Clement, Chester A. , Stephen Hutchinson, Marshal J. Packard. 0. Elkins, Levi A. Smith, Stephen S. Cree, Miscellaneous. Walter W. Chase, Isaac K. Gray, Spencer Jr., S. R. Willey, Hiram Thomas, Derrick Bodett, Ira B. Bennett (U. S.A.) Drake, M. ; William L. Ayer, John Sheldon, Norman W. Alanson Priest (N. H. regt). Caswell, John Gadley, Milo Blodgett, Reuben Cavalry Regiment. Kelley. Recruits. Charles Cory, Loren Pack- — A. [FromHon. T. Cree.] ard, Thomas Brigham, Chas. W. Brigham. Catalogue of a Valuable and Extensive Collection OF BOOKS RELATING TO AMERICA, COMPRISING Local and State Histories, Revolutionary War, Antiquities, Voyages and Travels, Works on the Indians and the War of 1812-15, American and Foreign Biography, Genealogies, Chronology, &c., &c., FOB- SALE AT THE PRICES AFFIXED, BY J. MUNSELL, 78 STATE STREET, ALBANY, N. Y. Postage on books sent by mail, is one cent an ounce. Adair. 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