DOCSLIB.ORG

The Connection Between Galaxies and Their Dark Matter Halos

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Connection between Galaxies and their Dark Matter Halos Risa H. Wechsler1 and Jeremy L. Tinker2 1Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305; Department of Particle Physics & Astrophysics, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, email: [email protected] 2Center for Cosmological Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA, 10003; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2018. Keywords AA:1{56 theoretical models, cosmology, galaxy formation, dark matter https://doi.org/10.1146/(please add article doi) Abstract Copyright c 2018 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved In our modern understanding of galaxy formation, every galaxy forms within a dark matter halo. The formation and growth of galaxies over time is connected to the growth of the halos in which they form. The advent of large galaxy surveys as well as high-resolution cosmological simulations has provided a new window into the statistical relation- ship between galaxies and halos and its evolution. Here we define this galaxy{halo connection as the multi-variate distribution of galaxy and halo properties that can be derived from observations and simulations. This connection provides a key test of physical galaxy formation mod- els; it also plays an essential role in constraints of cosmological models using galaxy surveys and in elucidating the properties of dark matter using galaxies. We review techniques for inferring the galaxy{halo con- nection and the insights that have arisen from these approaches. Some things we have learned are that galaxy formation efficiency is a strong function of halo mass; at its peak in halos around a pivot halo mass 12 of 10 M , less than 20% of the available baryons have turned into stars by the present day; the intrinsic scatter in galaxy stellar mass is small, less than 0.2 dex at a given halo mass above this pivot mass; arXiv:1804.03097v1 [astro-ph.GA] 9 Apr 2018 below this pivot mass galaxy stellar mass is a strong function of halo mass; the majority of stars over cosmic time were formed in a narrow region around this pivot mass. We also highlight key open questions about how galaxies and halos are connected, including understanding the correlations with secondary properties and the connection of these properties to galaxy clustering. 1 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 2 2. MODELS OF THE GALAXY{HALO CONNECTION ...................................................... 5 2.1. Preliminaries: What is a halo? .......................................................................... 5 2.2. Empirical models of the galaxy{halo connection ....................................................... 7 2.3. Physical models of galaxy formation ................................................................... 11 2.4. Complementarity between approaches .................................................................. 13 3. MEASUREMENTS THAT INFORM THE GALAXY{HALO CONNECTION .............................. 13 3.1. Galaxy abundance ....................................................................................... 13 3.2. Two-point galaxy clustering ............................................................................ 15 3.3. Group and cluster catalogs.............................................................................. 16 3.4. Weak gravitational lensing .............................................................................. 16 3.5. Additional observables .................................................................................. 17 4. BEYOND THE SIMPLEST MODELS OF THE GALAXY{HALO CONNECTION ........................ 17 4.1. What halo property is best matched to galaxies? ...................................................... 18 4.2. What galaxy property is best matched to halos?....................................................... 19 4.3. Scatter................................................................................................... 20 4.4. Assembly bias ........................................................................................... 21 4.5. Centrals vs. Satellites ................................................................................... 24 4.6. Occupation properties of satellite galaxies.............................................................. 24 4.7. Joint modeling of mass and secondary properties ...................................................... 25 5. CURRENT CONSTRAINTS ON THE GALAXY{HALO CONNECTION AS EXPRESSED BY THE SHMR .................................................................................................. 26 5.1. The mean stellar-to-halo mass relation for central galaxies ............................................ 26 5.2. Scatter for central galaxies.............................................................................. 27 5.3. Evolution ................................................................................................ 30 5.4. How does assembly bias manifest observationally?..................................................... 31 5.5. Systematic uncertainties ................................................................................ 32 6. CURRENT CONSTRAINTS ON SECONDARY PROPERTIES IN THE GALAXY{HALO CONNECTION 33 6.1. Stellar-to-Halo Mass Relations for star-forming and passive central galaxies .......................... 34 6.2. How does assembly bias manifest observationally for secondary properties? .......................... 36 6.3. Why do galaxy properties depend on environment?.................................................... 39 6.4. Galaxy Sizes ............................................................................................. 40 7. APPLICATIONS OF THE GALAXY{HALO CONNECTION ............................................... 41 7.1. Understanding the Physics of Galaxy Formation ....................................................... 41 7.2. Inferring Cosmological Parameters...................................................................... 42 7.3. Probing the Properties and Distribution of Dark Matter .............................................. 46 8. STATUS AND OUTLOOK .................................................................................. 48 1. INTRODUCTION In modern cosmological models, ∼ 5=6 of the mass in the Universe is made of dark matter (Planck Collaboration et al. 2016). This dark matter forms the skeleton on which galaxies form, evolve, and merge. In the context of this model, which is now well established from a wide range of observations, fluctuations in the matter distribution were created in the first fraction of a second during an inflationary period. Gravitational instability grew these fluctuations over time. Gas and dark matter were initially well mixed; as the universe evolved, gas was able to dissipate and fell to the centers of dark matter halos. For large 2 Wechsler & Tinker enough dark matter halos, gas was able to cool, form stars, and form a protogalaxy. The power spectrum of matter indicates that small objects should form first, and halos should grow and merge over time. Galaxies within these halos then continue to form stars (in situ) as well as to grow through merging (ex situ), because their dark matter halos merge. Energetic processes within galaxies impact their surroundings after they form, as various kinds of feedback, which influences future gas accretion and star formation. In this context, clearly the growth, internal properties, and spatial distribution of galax- ies are likely to be closely connected to the growth, internal properties, and spatial distri- bution of dark matter halos. Very simply, the luminous matter in the Universe is arranged in galaxies, and in a cold dark matter model, the dark matter in the Universe is arranged in dark matter halos. The physical and statistical connection between them is the focus of this review. We denote this the galaxy{halo connection, which in detail can refer to the full multivariate distribution of properties of halos and the galaxies that form within them. Elucidating this connection is a stepping stone to answering several of the largest questions in astrophysics and cosmology today. These include the following: • Understanding the physics of galaxy formation: How does gas cool in galaxies, how do stars form, and what determines the dominant feedback processes? How can we best infer physics from available observations including the spatial distribution of galaxies as a function of their properties? Statistical constraints on the galaxy{halo connection can effectively synthesize diverse datasets and provide essential input into these questions. • Inferring cosmological parameters: A new generation of deep, wide-area imaging and spectroscopic surveys has substantial constraining power on cosmological models, including the power to distinguish between a cosmological constant, dark energy, and modified gravity; to measure the mass of the neutrino; and to constrain the inflationary potential. To make full use of these measurements on the widest range of scales, we need to understand how to robustly marginalize over the uncertainties in the galaxy{halo connection. • Probing the properties and distribution of dark matter: How can we infer the evolution of the matter distribution and the properties of dark matter halos us- ing surveys of galaxies? Measurements of galaxies and of their spatial
Recommended publications
  • Dark Energy and Dark Matter As Inertial Effects Introduction

    Dark Energy and Dark Matter As Inertial Effects Introduction

    Dark Energy and Dark Matter as Inertial Effects Serkan Zorba Department of Physics and Astronomy, Whittier College 13406 Philadelphia Street, Whittier, CA 90608 [email protected] ABSTRACT A disk-shaped universe (encompassing the observable universe) rotating globally with an angular speed equal to the Hubble constant is postulated. It is shown that dark energy and dark matter are cosmic inertial effects resulting from such a cosmic rotation, corresponding to centrifugal (dark energy), and a combination of centrifugal and the Coriolis forces (dark matter), respectively. The physics and the cosmological and galactic parameters obtained from the model closely match those attributed to dark energy and dark matter in the standard Λ-CDM model. 20 Oct 2012 Oct 20 ph] - PACS: 95.36.+x, 95.35.+d, 98.80.-k, 04.20.Cv [physics.gen Introduction The two most outstanding unsolved problems of modern cosmology today are the problems of dark energy and dark matter. Together these two problems imply that about a whopping 96% of the energy content of the universe is simply unaccounted for within the reigning paradigm of modern cosmology. arXiv:1210.3021 The dark energy problem has been around only for about two decades, while the dark matter problem has gone unsolved for about 90 years. Various ideas have been put forward, including some fantastic ones such as the presence of ghostly fields and particles. Some ideas even suggest the breakdown of the standard Newton-Einstein gravity for the relevant scales. Although some progress has been made, particularly in the area of dark matter with the nonstandard gravity theories, the problems still stand unresolved.
  • Wimps and Machos ENCYCLOPEDIA of ASTRONOMY and ASTROPHYSICS

    Wimps and Machos ENCYCLOPEDIA of ASTRONOMY and ASTROPHYSICS

    WIMPs and MACHOs ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS WIMPs and MACHOs objects that could be the dark matter and still escape detection. For example, if the Galactic halo were filled –3 . WIMP is an acronym for weakly interacting massive par- with Jupiter mass objects (10 Mo) they would not have ticle and MACHO is an acronym for massive (astrophys- been detected by emission or absorption of light. Brown . ical) compact halo object. WIMPs and MACHOs are two dwarf stars with masses below 0.08Mo or the black hole of the most popular DARK MATTER candidates. They repre- remnants of an early generation of stars would be simi- sent two very different but reasonable possibilities of larly invisible. Thus these objects are examples of what the dominant component of the universe may be. MACHOs. Other examples of this class of dark matter It is well established that somewhere between 90% candidates include primordial black holes created during and 99% of the material in the universe is in some as yet the big bang, neutron stars, white dwarf stars and vari- undiscovered form. This material is the gravitational ous exotic stable configurations of quantum fields, such glue that holds together galaxies and clusters of galaxies as non-topological solitons. and plays an important role in the history and fate of the An important difference between WIMPs and universe. Yet this material has not been directly detected. MACHOs is that WIMPs are non-baryonic and Since extensive searches have been done, this means that MACHOS are typically (but not always) formed from this mysterious material must not emit or absorb appre- baryonic material.
  • Dark Matter and the Early Universe: a Review Arxiv:2104.11488V1 [Hep-Ph

    Dark Matter and the Early Universe: a Review Arxiv:2104.11488V1 [Hep-Ph

    Dark matter and the early Universe: a review A. Arbey and F. Mahmoudi Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France Theoretical Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France Abstract Dark matter represents currently an outstanding problem in both cosmology and particle physics. In this review we discuss the possible explanations for dark matter and the experimental observables which can eventually lead to the discovery of dark matter and its nature, and demonstrate the close interplay between the cosmological properties of the early Universe and the observables used to constrain dark matter models in the context of new physics beyond the Standard Model. arXiv:2104.11488v1 [hep-ph] 23 Apr 2021 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Standard Cosmological Model 3 2.1 Friedmann-Lema^ıtre-Robertson-Walker model . 4 2.2 A quick story of the Universe . 5 2.3 Big-Bang nucleosynthesis . 8 3 Dark matter(s) 9 3.1 Observational evidences . 9 3.1.1 Galaxies . 9 3.1.2 Galaxy clusters . 10 3.1.3 Large and cosmological scales . 12 3.2 Generic types of dark matter . 14 4 Beyond the standard cosmological model 16 4.1 Dark energy . 17 4.2 Inflation and reheating . 19 4.3 Other models . 20 4.4 Phase transitions . 21 5 Dark matter in particle physics 21 5.1 Dark matter and new physics . 22 5.1.1 Thermal relics . 22 5.1.2 Non-thermal relics .
  • Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse*

    Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse*

    Fine-Tuning, Complexity, and Life in the Multiverse* Mario Livio Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA E-mail: [email protected] and Martin J. Rees Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The physical processes that determine the properties of our everyday world, and of the wider cosmos, are determined by some key numbers: the ‘constants’ of micro-physics and the parameters that describe the expanding universe in which we have emerged. We identify various steps in the emergence of stars, planets and life that are dependent on these fundamental numbers, and explore how these steps might have been changed — or completely prevented — if the numbers were different. We then outline some cosmological models where physical reality is vastly more extensive than the ‘universe’ that astronomers observe (perhaps even involving many ‘big bangs’) — which could perhaps encompass domains governed by different physics. Although the concept of a multiverse is still speculative, we argue that attempts to determine whether it exists constitute a genuinely scientific endeavor. If we indeed inhabit a multiverse, then we may have to accept that there can be no explanation other than anthropic reasoning for some features our world. _______________________ *Chapter for the book Consolidation of Fine Tuning 1 Introduction At their fundamental level, phenomena in our universe can be described by certain laws—the so-called “laws of nature” — and by the values of some three dozen parameters (e.g., [1]). Those parameters specify such physical quantities as the coupling constants of the weak and strong interactions in the Standard Model of particle physics, and the dark energy density, the baryon mass per photon, and the spatial curvature in cosmology.
  • Cosmology Slides

    Cosmology Slides

    Inhomogeneous cosmologies George Ellis, University of Cape Town 27th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophyiscs Dallas, Texas Thursday 12th December 9h00-9h45 • The universe is inhomogeneous on all scales except the largest • This conclusion has often been resisted by theorists who have said it could not be so (e.g. walls and large scale motions) • Most of the universe is almost empty space, punctuated by very small very high density objects (e.g. solar system) • Very non-linear: / = 1030 in this room. Models in cosmology • Static: Einstein (1917), de Sitter (1917) • Spatially homogeneous and isotropic, evolving: - Friedmann (1922), Lemaitre (1927), Robertson-Walker, Tolman, Guth • Spatially homogeneous anisotropic (Bianchi/ Kantowski-Sachs) models: - Gödel, Schücking, Thorne, Misner, Collins and Hawking,Wainwright, … • Perturbed FLRW: Lifschitz, Hawking, Sachs and Wolfe, Peebles, Bardeen, Ellis and Bruni: structure formation (linear), CMB anisotropies, lensing Spherically symmetric inhomogeneous: • LTB: Lemaître, Tolman, Bondi, Silk, Krasinski, Celerier , Bolejko,…, • Szekeres (no symmetries): Sussman, Hellaby, Ishak, … • Swiss cheese: Einstein and Strauss, Schücking, Kantowski, Dyer,… • Lindquist and Wheeler: Perreira, Clifton, … • Black holes: Schwarzschild, Kerr The key observational point is that we can only observe on the past light cone (Hoyle, Schücking, Sachs) See the diagrams of our past light cone by Mark Whittle (Virginia) 5 Expand the spatial distances to see the causal structure: light cones at ±45o. Observable Geo Data Start of universe Particle Horizon (Rindler) Spacelike singularity (Penrose). 6 The cosmological principle The CP is the foundational assumption that the Universe obeys a cosmological law: It is necessarily spatially homogeneous and isotropic (Milne 1935, Bondi 1960) Thus a priori: geometry is Robertson-Walker Weaker form: the Copernican Principle: We do not live in a special place (Weinberg 1973).
  • The Hi Velocity Function: a Test of Cosmology Or Baryon Physics?

    The Hi Velocity Function: a Test of Cosmology Or Baryon Physics?

    MNRAS 000,1{19 (2019) Preprint 18 July 2019 Compiled using MNRAS LATEX style file v3.0 The Hi Velocity Function: a test of cosmology or baryon physics? Garima Chauhan,1;2? Claudia del P. Lagos,1;2 Danail Obreschkow,1;2 Chris Power,1;2 Kyle Oman,3 Pascal J. Elahi,1;2 1International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), 7 Fairway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. 2ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia. 3Kapteyn Institute,Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, Netherlands. Accepted XXX. Received YYY; in original form ZZZ ABSTRACT Accurately predicting the shape of the Hi velocity function of galaxies is regarded widely as a fundamental test of any viable dark matter model. Straightforward anal- yses of cosmological N-body simulations imply that the ΛCDM model predicts an overabundance of low circular velocity galaxies when compared to observed Hi ve- locity functions. More nuanced analyses that account for the relationship between galaxies and their host haloes suggest that how we model the influence of baryonic processes has a significant impact on Hi velocity function predictions. We explore this in detail by modelling Hi emission lines of galaxies in the Shark semi-analytic galaxy formation model, built on the surfs suite of ΛCDM N-body simulations. We create a simulated ALFALFA survey, in which we apply the survey selection function and account for effects such as beam confusion, and compare simulated and observed Hi velocity width distributions, finding differences of . 50%, orders of magnitude smaller than the discrepancies reported in the past.
  • Two Stellar Components in the Halo of the Milky Way

    Two Stellar Components in the Halo of the Milky Way

    1 Two stellar components in the halo of the Milky Way Daniela Carollo1,2,3,5, Timothy C. Beers2,3, Young Sun Lee2,3, Masashi Chiba4, John E. Norris5 , Ronald Wilhelm6, Thirupathi Sivarani2,3, Brian Marsteller2,3, Jeffrey A. Munn7, Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones8, Paola Re Fiorentin8,9, & Donald G. York10,11 1INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy, 2Department of Physics & Astronomy, Center for the Study of Cosmic Evolution, 3Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI 48824, USA, 4Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan, 5Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia, 6Department of Physics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA, 7US Naval Observatory, P.O. Box 1149, Flagstaff, AZ 86002, USA, 8Max-Planck-Institute für Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany, 9Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadronska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 10Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center, 11The Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA The halo of the Milky Way provides unique elemental abundance and kinematic information on the first objects to form in the Universe, which can be used to tightly constrain models of galaxy formation and evolution. Although the halo was once considered a single component, evidence for is dichotomy has slowly emerged in recent years from inspection of small samples of halo objects. Here we show that the halo is indeed clearly divisible into two broadly overlapping structural components -- an inner and an outer halo – that exhibit different spatial density profiles, stellar orbits and stellar metallicities (abundances of elements heavier than helium).
  • Dark Energy and Dark Matter

    Dark Energy and Dark Matter

    Dark Energy and Dark Matter Jeevan Regmi Department of Physics, Prithvi Narayan Campus, Pokhara [email protected] Abstract: The new discoveries and evidences in the field of astrophysics have explored new area of discussion each day. It provides an inspiration for the search of new laws and symmetries in nature. One of the interesting issues of the decade is the accelerating universe. Though much is known about universe, still a lot of mysteries are present about it. The new concepts of dark energy and dark matter are being explained to answer the mysterious facts. However it unfolds the rays of hope for solving the various properties and dimensions of space. Keywords: dark energy, dark matter, accelerating universe, space-time curvature, cosmological constant, gravitational lensing. 1. INTRODUCTION observations. Precision measurements of the cosmic It was Albert Einstein first to realize that empty microwave background (CMB) have shown that the space is not 'nothing'. Space has amazing properties. total energy density of the universe is very near the Many of which are just beginning to be understood. critical density needed to make the universe flat The first property that Einstein discovered is that it is (i.e. the curvature of space-time, defined in General possible for more space to come into existence. And Relativity, goes to zero on large scales). Since energy his cosmological constant makes a prediction that is equivalent to mass (Special Relativity: E = mc2), empty space can possess its own energy. Theorists this is usually expressed in terms of a critical mass still don't have correct explanation for this but they density needed to make the universe flat.
  • Arxiv:1707.01004V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 4 Jul 2017

    Arxiv:1707.01004V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 4 Jul 2017

    July 5, 2017 0:15 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE coc2ijmpe International Journal of Modern Physics E c World Scientific Publishing Company Primordial Nucleosynthesis Alain Coc Centre de Sciences Nucl´eaires et de Sciences de la Mati`ere (CSNSM), CNRS/IN2P3, Univ. Paris-Sud, Universit´eParis–Saclay, Bˆatiment 104, F–91405 Orsay Campus, France [email protected] Elisabeth Vangioni Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR-7095 du CNRS, Universit´ePierre et Marie Curie, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris (France), Sorbonne Universit´es, Institut Lagrange de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris (France) [email protected] Received July 5, 2017 Revised Day Month Year Primordial nucleosynthesis, or big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), is one of the three evi- dences for the big bang model, together with the expansion of the universe and the Cos- mic Microwave Background. There is a good global agreement over a range of nine orders of magnitude between abundances of 4He, D, 3He and 7Li deduced from observations, and calculated in primordial nucleosynthesis. However, there remains a yet–unexplained discrepancy of a factor ≈3, between the calculated and observed lithium primordial abundances, that has not been reduced, neither by recent nuclear physics experiments, nor by new observations. The precision in deuterium observations in cosmological clouds has recently improved dramatically, so that nuclear cross sections involved in deuterium BBN need to be known with similar precision. We will shortly discuss nuclear aspects re- lated to BBN of Li and D, BBN with non-standard neutron sources, and finally, improved sensitivity studies using Monte Carlo that can be used in other sites of nucleosynthesis.
  • Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars

    Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars

    AA53CH16-Frebel ARI 29 July 2015 12:54 Near-Field Cosmology with Extremely Metal-Poor Stars Anna Frebel1 and John E. Norris2 1Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; email: [email protected] 2Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Australian National University, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Weston, Australian Capital Territory 2611, Australia; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2015. 53:631–88 Keywords The Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics is stellar abundances, stellar evolution, stellar populations, Population II, online at astro.annualreviews.org Galactic halo, metal-poor stars, carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars, dwarf This article’s doi: galaxies, Population III, first stars, galaxy formation, early Universe, 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122423 cosmology Copyright c 2015 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Abstract The oldest, most metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo and satellite dwarf galaxies present an opportunity to explore the chemical and physical condi- tions of the earliest star-forming environments in the Universe. We review Access provided by California Institute of Technology on 01/11/17. For personal use only. the fields of stellar archaeology and dwarf galaxy archaeology by examin- Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 2015.53:631-688. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org ing the chemical abundance measurements of various elements in extremely metal-poor stars. Focus on the carbon-rich and carbon-normal halo star populations illustrates how these provide insight into the Population III star progenitors responsible for the first metal enrichment events. We extend the discussion to near-field cosmology, which is concerned with the forma- tion of the first stars and galaxies, and how metal-poor stars can be used to constrain these processes.
  • Effective Description of Dark Matter As a Viscous Fluid

    Effective Description of Dark Matter As a Viscous Fluid

    Motivation Framework Perturbation theory Effective viscosity Results FRG improvement Conclusions Effective Description of Dark Matter as a Viscous Fluid Nikolaos Tetradis University of Athens Work with: D. Blas, S. Floerchinger, M. Garny, U. Wiedemann . N. Tetradis University of Athens Effective Description of Dark Matter as a Viscous Fluid Motivation Framework Perturbation theory Effective viscosity Results FRG improvement Conclusions Distribution of dark and baryonic matter in the Universe Figure: 2MASS Galaxy Catalog (more than 1.5 million galaxies). N. Tetradis University of Athens Effective Description of Dark Matter as a Viscous Fluid Motivation Framework Perturbation theory Effective viscosity Results FRG improvement Conclusions Inhomogeneities Inhomogeneities are treated as perturbations on top of an expanding homogeneous background. Under gravitational attraction, the matter overdensities grow and produce the observed large-scale structure. The distribution of matter at various redshifts reflects the detailed structure of the cosmological model. Define the density field δ = δρ/ρ0 and its spectrum hδ(k)δ(q)i ≡ δD(k + q)P(k): . N. Tetradis University of Athens Effective Description of Dark Matter as a Viscous Fluid 31 timation method in its entirety, but it should be equally valid. 7.3. Comparison to other results Figure 35 compares our results from Table 3 (modeling approach) with other measurements from galaxy surveys, but must be interpreted with care. The UZC points may contain excess large-scale power due to selection function effects (Padmanabhan et al. 2000; THX02), and the an- gular SDSS points measured from the early data release sample are difficult to interpret because of their extremely broad window functions.
  • The Connection Between Galaxy Stellar Masses and Dark Matter

    The Connection Between Galaxy Stellar Masses and Dark Matter

    The Connection Between Galaxy Stellar Masses and Dark Matter Halo Masses: Constraints from Semi-Analytic Modeling and Correlation Functions by Catherine E. White A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baltimore, Maryland August, 2016 c Catherine E. White 2016 ⃝ All rights reserved Abstract One of the basic observations that galaxy formation models try to reproduce is the buildup of stellar mass in dark matter halos, generally characterized by the stellar mass-halo mass relation, M? (Mhalo). Models have difficulty matching the < 11 observed M? (Mhalo): modeled low mass galaxies (Mhalo 10 M ) form their stars ∼ ⊙ significantly earlier than observations suggest. Our goal in this thesis is twofold: first, work with a well-tested semi-analytic model of galaxy formation to explore the physics needed to match existing measurements of the M? (Mhalo) relation for low mass galaxies and second, use correlation functions to place additional constraints on M? (Mhalo). For the first project, we introduce idealized physical prescriptions into the semi-analytic model to test the effects of (1) more efficient supernova feedback with a higher mass-loading factor for low mass galaxies at higher redshifts, (2) less efficient star formation with longer star formation timescales at higher redshift, or (3) less efficient gas accretion with longer infall timescales for lower mass galaxies. In addition to M? (Mhalo), we examine cold gas fractions, star formation rates, and metallicities to characterize the secondary effects of these prescriptions. ii ABSTRACT The technique of abundance matching has been widely used to estimate M? (Mhalo) at high redshift, and in principle, clustering measurements provide a powerful inde- pendent means to derive this relation.