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Anticancer Agents from a Marine Mollusc November 2016 chemistrychemistryin Australia Anticancer agents from a marine mollusc chemaust.raci.org.au • Teaching science to mature-age students • Scaevola spinescens: bush medicine and chemical research • A glimpse of why life can’t happen without water SCIENTIFIC ROWEROWE PPTTYY LTDLTD ABNABN 6363 009009 43737 790794 0 For accuracyaccurF acor y and professionalismprofofessionalismessionalism Everything you need for www.racicongress.com #RACI100 your chromatography lab VIALS & CAPS - COLUMNS - SYRINGES - ION PPAIRAIR REAGENTS The Organising Committee would like to - SOLUTIONS - STSTANDARDSANDARDS - SPE - AND MUCH MORE invite you to the 2017 RACI Centenary Congress. Abstract submission closes 23 March 2017. For all enquiries, please email [email protected]. Carbon 2017 World Conference on 17 ACC Carbon 17th Asian Chemical Congress and 19th General Assembly of FACS Chemeca 2017 Australian and New Zealand Federation of Chemical Engineers ACCC6 Annual Conference 6th Asian Conference on Coordination Chemistry GSC8 8th International Conference on Green and TARSONSTTARSONARSONS AIMECS 2017 Sustainable Chemistry 11th AFMC International Medicinal Chemistry Tetrahedron 18th Asian Edition REF:324 X/MARKETING/ADVERTISING /324.Chem.In.AustHPV9.5 Tetrahedron Symposium November 2016 22 cover story From snails’ eggs to anticancer agents: compound development and evaluation Researchers at the University of Wollongong and the Illawarra Health and 18 Medical Research Institute have discovered a new group of molecules Stuart Woollett showing promising results against multidrug-resistant cancers. 22 Scaevola spinescens: a short history news & research of medicinal use and potential 6 News 13 The Australian native plant Scaevola spinescens has an interesting back On the market 14 story of bush medicine and chemical research. Research 17 Aust. J. Chem. 42 Cryptic chemistry 26 Science in the Third Age 42 Martin Gellender discusses his approach to teaching science to mature-age Events students. members 30 RACI news 31 New Fellow 32 Gender equity in the RACI 26 and beyond views & reviews 4 Editorial 5 Your say 35 Books 38 Economics 40 Grapevine 41 Letter from Melbourne chemaust.raci.org.au editorial Chemistry and cancer research In our cover story this month, University of Wollongong and Medicinal chemists at Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute researchers Kara Sciences (MIPS) are strongly engaged in anticancer drug discovery Perrow and colleagues report on their encouraging results with the programs. The medicinal chemistry labs of the CRC for Cancer eggs of a marine snail (Dicathais orbita) found on the coasts of Therapeutics are located at MIPS, and group leaders and RACI Australia and New Zealand. The N-alkylisatin derivatives at the Fellows Bernard Flynn, Peter Scammells, Jonathan Baell and Philip centre of the study are proving lethal to drug-resistant cancer Thompson have active programs pursuing oncology targets with cells in the laboratory (p. 18). funding from NHMRC, National Breast Cancer Foundation and Also in this issue, an Australian native plant (Scaevola Cancer Council Victoria. Some of the other participants in the CRC spinescens) with a bush medicine story has been the subject of collaboration are CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Walter several theses and was used by the Western Australian ChemCentre and Eliza Hall Institute and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, as well to produce an aqueous extract for some patients with life-limiting as biotechs, clinical trials specialists and organisations for health cancers, says Geoff Taylor, previously a chemist at the WA education and advocacy. Government Chemical Laboratories (now the ChemCentre) (p. 22). Earlier this year, Melbourne biotech MecRx, CSIRO and Peter Multidrug resistance is a big challenge to current management Mac began joint work on new ways to identify promising practices for cancer. This problem exists for a variety of cancers, molecular starting points in drug discovery. RACI Fellows Jack including those of the prostate, bowel and breast, some of the Ryan and Paul Savage are part of this project. The group has most prevalent cancers in Australia. The Australian Institute of already identified a potential inhibitor of a regulator gene Health and Welfare estimates that 130 466 cases of cancer will be associated with uncontrolled cell division in a number of cancers. diagnosed in Australia this year (www.aihw.gov.au/acim-books). Renate Griffith FRACI CChem, chair of the organising As RACI approaches its centenary year, it seems a good time to committee for AIMECS2017, the 11th in the series of International think about some of the valuable cancer research of our members. Medicinal Chemistry Symposia organised by the Asian Federation Natural products continue to be a source of novel compounds for Medicinal Chemistry and one of the partner conferences of the in cancer research. A group of Western Australian researchers, RACI Centenary Congress, is busy planning topics for next year. including Scott Stewart MRACI CChem from the School of She says that the themes of epigenetic targets (organised by the Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of WA, recently American Chemical Society Division of Medicinal Chemistry) and reported encouraging results for the novel cancer drug EBC-46, kinase inhibitors will be particularly pertinent to cancer sourced from the berries of Fontainea picrosperma, which grows in researchers. the Atherton Tableland region in Queensland According to Cancer Research UK, the research behind last (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.015). Australian life year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry (see February 2016 issue, p. 14, sciences company Qbiotics is conducting a safety evaluation of and April 2016, p. 20) – discovering a suite of molecules that EBC-46 in a clinical phase I trial. Potential indications for EBC-46 repair mistakes in DNA – has revolutionised cancer research in a include some of the multidrug-resistant cancers. number of ways: by leading a new field of research, by inspiring At the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Associate different treatment methods, by offering knowledge that provides Professor Colin Duke MRACI CChem is investigating a high- new ideas for targeting cancer cells, and by revealing how Epstein flavonoid propolis (resin-like substance) found in residues of Barr Virus disrupts DNA, which can lead to cancer Acacia paradoxa on the legs of honeybees on Kangaroo Island. (bit.ly/2bPLidE). 2015 Nobel laureate in Chemistry Tomas Lindahl In the School of Chemistry at the University of New South was the first director of Cancer Research UK-funded labs at Clare Wales, a focus of Associate Professor Shelli McAlpine FRACI CChem Hall in London, when it opened 30 years ago. and her group is small molecules that target heat-shock Finally, we mustn’t forget the vital role of chemists in protein 90 (Hsp90). The inspiration for this project was cyclic developing agents for cancer diagnosis, and in improving existing depsipeptide sansalvamide A, isolated from the marine fungus drugs used for cancer treatment and palliative care. Fusarium, found near the Little Sansalvador islands in the Bahamas. McAlpine’s group has designed molecules that #RACI100 www.racicongress.com selectively and effectively target Hsp90 in cells. ‘Hsp90 is a chaperone, or protein “parent” that regulates over 200 other Sally Woollett ([email protected]) proteins within the cell; as such it controls multiple pathways Thanks to the RACI members who helped me with content and involved in cancer. Our molecules bind to Hsp90 and stop them contacts for this editorial. from facilitating these cancer pathways, which kills the cells,’ she says. 4 | Chemistry in Australia November 2016 your say platform with an iceberg of mass one megatonne was calculated InCommunication the August issue (p. 16), Georgeor not Koutsantonis and John Wade as 2 × 10–3 per year, signifying that such an event would occur posed the question of whether Communications are still needed once in 500 years (Jones J.C., Russell N.V. Dictionary of energy as an article category in the Australian Journal of Chemistry. and fuels, Whittles Publishing, 2007). Such a figure is of course As they point out, needs have changed. In addition, I want to subject to review as circumstances change or as existing mention the important fact that, whereas Communications really circumstances are reconsidered. used to be Rapid Communications with very little experimental Clifford Jones FRACI CChem detail (and sometimes none at all), this has changed (I had the ‘Rapid’ in Rapid Communications removed a few years ago). It is now a requirement that all compound characterisation data, for More reflections on example, be published as Supplementary Material. Therefore, the Sydney Technical College need for a full paper on the same work as a follow-up has I read with interest Dave Solomon’s recollection (September vanished. This development has been detrimental for smaller issue, p. 6) of the old Tech days, in response to Bob Ryan’s note journals like Aust. J. Chem., because it used to be not uncommon of June (p. 5). (say, 30–40 years ago) to publish a Rapid (and short) Dave’s comment about his administrative officer ‘keeping Communication on important results, for example in Chemical him out of jail’ reminded me that Dave is the only person I Communications, and then a follow-up full paper in Aust. J. Chem. know to have been booked for speeding on a push bike. He did Given these developments, we do not really need not have an admin officer then but fortunately speeding was Communications any more. It seems that Communications in Aust. not a hanging offence. A couple of years later it might have J. Chem. are nowadays sometimes used by authors to publish a earned him a medal at the Olympic games. small but not necessarily particularly important piece of work. One favourite story is about a group who were required to There should be nothing wrong with publishing such papers as make a pilot quantity of a particular chemical.
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