WT/TPR/M/408
21 May 2021
(21-4203) Page: 1/46
Trade Policy Review Body 6 and 8 April 2021
TRADE POLICY REVIEW
QATAR
MINUTES OF THE MEETING
Chairperson: H.E. Dr. Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme (Botswana)
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ...... 2 2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF QATAR ...... 4 3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT ...... 8 4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS ...... 11 5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF QATAR AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ...... 40 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON ...... 45
Note: Advance written questions and additional questions by WTO Members, and the replies provided by Qatar are reproduced in document WT/TPR/M/408/Add.1 and will be available online at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp_rep_e.htm.
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1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON
1.1. The third Trade Policy Review of Qatar was held on 6 and 8 April 2021. The Chairperson, H.E. Dr. Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme (Botswana), welcomed the delegation of Qatar, headed by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry; H.E. Ambassador Mr. Ali Khalfan Al-Mansouri, Permanent Representative of Qatar to the WTO; the rest of the delegation from Doha; and the discussant H.E. Ambassador Mr. Tan Hung Seng (Singapore).
1.2. The Chairperson was pleased that, in addition to physical presence, the meeting also benefitted from the Interprefy online connection, allowing for a wider participation of the Membership, in particular of officials who could not make the journey from Doha given the current circumstances.
1.3. The Chairperson recalled the purpose of TPRs and the main elements of procedures for the meeting. The report by Qatar is contained in document WT/TPR/G/408, and that of the WTO Secretariat in documents WT/TPR/S/408 and WT/TPR/S/408/Corr.1.
1.4. Questions by the following delegations were submitted in writing before the deadline: Turkey; Oman; Brazil; Canada; Japan; Singapore; the European Union; Chile; the Dominican Republic; Ukraine; and the United States. The following delegations submitted written questions after the deadline: Argentina; the Philippines; Thailand; the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Indonesia; and China.
1.5. At the time of its previous Review in 2014, Qatar had been congratulated by Members for having experienced high GDP growth, and for having weathered the global economic and financial crisis well. Members had noted that Qatar's narrow economic and fiscal base could expose the country to vulnerabilities, and they had appreciated Qatar's investment in down-stream industries for diversification. Members had paid attention to, inter alia, customs procedures and tariffs, intellectual property rights protection, government procurement, SPS, services and investment, and notifications and transparency.
1.6. The Chairperson focused on developments since the previous Review. According to the Secretariat report, Qatar experienced three economic shocks during the review period: the decline of natural gas prices in 2014; the diplomatic rift in 2017; and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The Government responded to these shocks by taking measures to: rein in government expenditures and maintain fiscal discipline; tap into its sovereign wealth fund to deal with urgent situations; diversify its import sources; and adopt several mitigation measures.
1.7. Qatar continues to improve its trade and investment environment by, inter alia, increasing transparency through the e-government, legal, and e-commerce portals; restructuring the ministries and agencies related to trade and investment; and amending and revising legislation on foreign investment, intellectual property rights protection, anti-money laundering, and incentive schemes. Qatar promotes e-commerce, through measures to strengthen the regulatory framework, enhance delivery, enable e-payment, and empower e-merchants.
1.8. Qatar is an active participant in WTO activities, and it ratified the TFA in 2017. According to the Secretariat report, Qatar maintains an open trade and investment regime. The simple average applied MFN tariff rate was 5.1% in 2020. The tariff structure is rather simple, and all tariff lines are bound. The new law on FDI allows foreign ownership of up to 100% in almost all economic sectors.
1.9. Other issues highlighted in the WTO Secretariat report are the following: Qatar notified to the WTO that it does not maintain any state-trading enterprises, although the State grants exclusive rights to some enterprises to import or export certain products. Its public procurement regime underwent significant changes, as the new law on public procurement decentralized the tendering process. Despite reforms to its IPR protection system, the number of patent and trademark applications filed by Qatari residents remains low, and the implementation of the Copyright Law has been delayed.
1.10. In its Government report, Qatar explained that it had to deal with a continuously evolving economic and political landscape. In response, the Government has been expanding Qatar's export and import markets, establishing new shipping routes, developing domestic markets, implementing further trade facilitation measures, supporting and promoting foreign investment, and continuing to
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- 3 - implement the multilateral trading system through regional and bilateral cooperation agreements. Members wished to know more about these policies and their effectiveness through their discussions.
1.11. In addition, a quick survey of the advance questions submitted for this Review showed the wide range of topics of interest to Members regarding Qatar's trade and investment regimes, such as customs procedures and trade facilitation; tariffs and other duties and charges; import restrictions and licensing; incentives; state-trading, state-owned enterprises and privatization; SPS and TBT measures; government procurement; protection of IPRs; mining and energy; financial, telecommunications, courier, transport, and tourism services; investment promotion; and e-commerce development.
1.12. In total, Qatar received 272 written questions from 17 Members for this Review, of which 171 were sent within the established deadline, covering a broad range of topics. Prior to this meeting, Qatar had already provided written replies to most of these questions, and the Chairperson looked forward to hearing Qatar's updates on these issues on the first- or second-day session.
1.13. This meeting was a good opportunity for Members to discuss in greater detail issues of interest to them and of systemic importance to the multilateral trading system. It was also an opportune moment for Qatar to update the membership on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its economy, and measures it had taken in response, given that the documentation prepared for this Review might not have covered the latest measures taken. The Chairperson looked forward to a fruitful exchange.
1.14. The Chairperson closed her introductory remarks by wishing Qatar a very successful third Trade Policy Review.
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2 OPENING STATEMENT BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF QATAR (H.E. MR. ALI BIN AHMED AL KUWARI)
2.1. Good morning. I would like to begin by thanking the Director General of the World Trade Organization, Dr. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, and the WTO Secretariat for the work pursuant to this Trade Policy Review. Most of it was undertaken last year under severe restrictions during the worst of the COVID-19 pandemic. We value the Secretariat’s effort and leadership in bringing this exercise to a fruitful conclusion, in passing, allowing Qatar to continue to honour its commitments. In particular, we extend our gratitude to the Trade Policy Review Director, Mr. Willy Alfaro, for his leadership during these trying times.
2.2. Our appreciation also goes to the Permanent Representative of Singapore, His Excellency Ambassador Tan Hung Seng, whom we are honoured to have as our discussant, as well as to the Chair of the TPR Body, the Permanent Representative of Botswana, H.E. Ambassador Athaliah Molokomme. We congratulate Ambassador Molokomme for her recent appointment and wish her the best in her new role as Chairperson to this Body. We commend them both for their work and guidance in making this TPR — Qatar’s third exercise — a successful one.
2.3. Qatar ascribes high value to the Trade Policy Review Mechanism as it supports direct and transparent approach to clarifying Members’ policies, options and positions whilst, at the same time, provides valuable information to the private sector. The speed of change in the world economy, whether brought about by unforeseen events or emerging economic and financial trends, makes this exercise a fundamental tool for everyone. Qatar remains committed to the rules-based system of trade, not only due to our core belief in the need for transparency and predictability in international trade, but also because we will continue to make extensive use of its practices and disciplines as we move forward to meet our development goals, as stated in Qatar National Vision 2030.
2.4. Since our last Trade Policy Review in 2014, Qatar has relied extensively on the multilateral trading system to resolve the challenges we faced. Our actions were not just about the practicalities of implementing changes to our trade policies but also included a more engaged use of the rules and conventions available to us. Indeed, since we last met here, Qatar faced a number of difficult situations, some of them decidedly serious, that were overcome by placing trade policy at the core of our response. These experiences convinced us ever more deeply of the merits and the need for the multilateral trading system, particularly, in the mechanisms available to resolve trade-related disputes, provide quick policy responses to the private sector and continue to foster economic development through trade facilitation and investment promotion. In this sense, our experiences over the past seven years have made it clear to us that the WTO continues to provide opportunities and value to small, open economies such as ours.
2.5. A case in point was Qatar’s move to simultaneously expand our import markets whilst streamlining procurement rules and import procedures. In the latter case, this was done by deepening our use of electronic platforms, something that colleagues can expand on in both the Secretariat and Government reports. The decision allowed us to move on without interruption or delays with major infrastructure projects, despite the very real difficulties we faced at the time. One such example was the Doha Metro, which was delivered ahead of schedule, as well as the various sporting arenas that will be used for the FIFA World Cup Finals next year, an event that we are honoured to host and that, of course, we hope that all of you can attend in person.
2.6. Having witnessed the initial success of the policy initiative, we realized that we could make international trade work even more for Qatar’s future development. Thus, we proceeded to further liberalize our domestic markets to foreign investors across the economy, particularly in knowledge-intensive areas and real estate. The State of Qatar took many steps to achieve these objectives, including the creation of an investment promotion agency, overhauling our public procurement framework, enacting a new foreign investment incentives law, and amending our free zone regime. The results so far have been very encouraging: we are witnessing a consistent reduction in transaction costs across the economy — one of our core economic development objectives — which complements the trade and investment facilitation measures already in place.
2.7. Since our previous Trade Policy Review in 2014, Qatar has consistently reiterated its position to work alongside all WTO Members States with a view to resolve the outstanding issues that are facing this Organization. Consistent with this, we have, since 2014, taken an active role in a host of
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- 5 - working groups that included the WTO’s response in agricultural trade during the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent call not to impose export prohibitions or restrictions on agricultural foodstuffs purchased by the World Food Programme.
2.8. Qatar also contributed actively in other areas of work such as the structured discussions as part of the group of Friends of Investment Facilitation for Development, the joint initiative as a co-sponsor to finalize a multilateral agreement on e-commerce, our participation in the work of the Friends of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, our ongoing and active participation in the negotiations to reach an agreement on fisheries subsidies, an issue, no doubt, close to the heart of some of our closest trading partners.
2.9. Being a net importer of foodstuffs, and thus relying on international trade to meet our food and water security needs, Qatar also takes a keen interest in the WTO workings towards the elimination of hunger throughout the world. We view the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, particularly regarding the zero-hunger objective, as an opportunity to leverage our Organization’s potential as a force for good in the world. We encourage all WTO Member States that have not yet committed to provide unrestricted access to the World Food Programme to do so immediately. At stake, there are, according to the World Food Programme, around 690 million people that already experience some form of hunger, that is, approximately 8.9% of our planet’s population, with an additional 130 million at risk of doing so due to the COVID-19 situation.
2.10. The WTO has a unique opportunity to implement concrete actions in this regard, something that Qatar very much believes it can achieve.
2.11. Qatar also shares the concerns of the international community concerning climate change. We believe that less harmful alternative sources of energy, such as natural gas, can act as a bridgeway towards renewable energies. Consistent with this view, we made natural gas and its related products the main tool in our strategy to combat the effects of climate change. To bring action to our words, Qatar Petroleum moved to implement different initiatives to meet these objectives, including CO2 reinjection projects at Ras Laffan, recovery of the Jetty Boil-off Gas during Liquefied Natural Gas loading operations, flare reduction, various energy efficiency enhancement projects and projects to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Qatar Petroleum also entered into a strategic joint venture with companies specialized in renewable energy production to deliver around 1600 megawatts in Qatar.
2.12. Esteemed colleagues, as I am sure you have noticed, the past seven years have also witnessed an unusual stream of elevated risk that is now threatening to become a permanent fixture in international trade. For our part, we have had to deal with, amongst other situations, two down cycles in world LNG prices, the first one leading to fiscal deficits starting in 2015 that reached 6.6% of GDP in 2017, with prices remaining at about a quarter of their 2014 level until the winter months pulled it up to records highs at the end of 2020. During this time, we also had to realign our traditional import markets, find new trade relationships as well as adjust our general exchange and investment regime to the emerging realities in international commerce.
2.13. As the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures continue to place further strains on the global economy, the State of Qatar faced a steep decline in net international trade flows during 2020, 41.3% according to preliminary estimations. In particular, our tourism sector was significantly impacted as air travel came to a near halt. Despite this, however, occupancy rates in Qatar showed one of the best performing levels throughout the Middle East during this past year. Our Government responded immediately to protect public health and the economy with a series of monetary and fiscal measures that included, amongst other actions, a QR 75 billion aid package, the postponement of QR 30 billion in unawarded capital expenditure projects, a six-month deferral for payments on all loans with Qatar Development Bank, re-estimating the public budget with the price of oil now assumed at USD 40 per barrel, temporary custom duty exemption on food and medical supplies and increase oversight to curb monopolistic pricing practices. We hope, as I am sure everyone else in this forum does, that we can return to a known normal as soon as possible so that the economy can once again start delivering value to everyone, including our tourism sector, one of the pillars of our economic development agenda.
2.14. These difficulties, however, have only served to strengthen our Government’s resolve to move forward with our national development goals. To this end, we updated our National Development
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Strategy document for the period 2018-2022 to introduce more realistic assumptions and refine the focus of our development plans at the sector level, in light of the assessment reviews previously undertaken and published by the Planning and Statistic Authority. The Review also served to further align our development goals with UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
2.15. As part of the process to lay the ground for future economic development, our labour laws were completely reviewed to provide more security and guarantees to workers through concrete steps. These included, amongst other initiatives, the establishment of a non-discriminatory minimum wage for all workers, the right to freely change jobs for workers already in Qatar, the establishment of Joint Labour Committees to ensure proper workers representation and the creation of dispute settlement processes that guarantee workers’ rights to compensation regardless of the outcome of the dispute.
2.16. We also substituted the sponsorship system with a contractual employment relationship system that recognizes workers’ rights, including family visa regulations. We are sure that these changes, the details of which you can find in the Government report, will foster the emergence of a more competitive domestic labour market in Qatar.
2.17. New institutions were also created, and others eliminated in order to further rationalize the use of our resources — four cases are worth mentioning. First, a new Food Security Department was established within the Ministry of Municipality and Environment to oversee the implementation of Qatar’s food strategy. The strategy aims to increase agricultural production in areas where Qatar has comparative advantages, the output is not suitable for long-term storage and producing it does not deplete the country’s groundwater sources. Secondly, the General Tax Authority was established to handle all tax-related matters in Qatar, including the implementation of the Value-Added Tax. Third, the Central Tender Committee was eliminated as part of our general overhaul of our public procurement framework, thus, putting each agency in charge of their own process. Finally, as mentioned previously, a new investment promotion agency was created, called Investment Promotion Agency Qatar, to streamline all our investment promotion efforts through a single entity. We highly encourage anyone interested in investing in Qatar or engaging with the public sector to seek out the details of the new regulatory frameworks in both the Government and Secretariat’s reports.
2.18. The fact that Qatar is an economy that imports most of what it consumes and exports most of what it produces means that trade policy plays a uniquely crucial role in our overall development strategy. In this sense, the emergence of widespread knowledge-based activities in Qatar’s domestic production landscape, a goal that we view as fundamental to our development aspirations, has led us to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. We have thus updated our legislation on trademark protection, enforced existing laws on protection of trade indications, trade names, geographical and industrial designs and templates, as well as implemented electronic patent registration to streamline the process. The private sector and foreign investors wishing to establish themselves in Qatar, can make use of information technology tools, biotechnology and artificial intelligence in their production process across all sector of the economy. For our part, we will make sure that the necessary business-friendly ecosystem is in place.
2.19. At the same time, we continued to implement measures to facilitate trade with several Service Level Agreements with domestic agencies to streamline the issuing of technical, health and environmental approvals on imported goods as well as the implementation of platforms and processes to handle the submission of documentation over the Internet. Furthermore, we are working on several additional measures to further facilitate trade flow and boost investment that include an import to re-export system; the acceptance of electronic certificates of origin and electronic certification of invoices associated with imports; accepting commercial invoices issued from a non-export or production country; the use of private customs warehouses; updating the customs refund process; the use of the ATA Carnet; the implementation of a new risk management system; industrial exemptions; the implementation of pre-clearance of shipments; and the use of authorized economic operators.
2.20. Moreover, and in recognition that the bulk of Qatar’s major infrastructure projects is coming to an end, a new foreign investment law was enacted in 2019, the details of which can be found in both reports. The new statute extends foreign participation to all sectors except for banks and insurance companies (apart from specific cases allowed by the Council of Ministers) and commercial agencies.
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2.21. The new law also allows foreign ownership up to 100% of shared capital, mandates due process of law to all investors in all processes and makes investment incentives available to foreign investors. These include, tax and custom duty exemptions, allocation of land, favorable remittance conditions, right to transfer shares and due process under the law in the case of expropriation and compensations. Legal certainty regarding dispute resolution processes and the application of permits is now guaranteed as well.
2.22. The new investment law also expands foreign investment in real estate with Real Estate Investment Trusts now permitted to operate in Qatar from Qatar Financial Centre.
2.23. The assets available for foreign investors include land, buildings, structures, residential units and detached units in residential complexes, with freehold ownership and usufruct rights, through leasehold rights for 99 years, in almost all commercial real estate markets in Qatar.
2.24. Another area of investment, which we believe will be key to Qatar’s future infrastructure development and management, are private-public partnerships. A new law was enacted to bring legal certainty to this important area of our economy and promote competition, increase private sector participation in infrastructure development and management and encourage the public sector to adapt new strategies that decrease public expenditure whilst increasing efficiency in project delivery and management.
2.25. The law provides for the following modalities: allocation of land, build-operation-transfer, build-transfer-operation, build-own-operate-transfer, operation and maintenance or any other arrangement sanctioned by the Council of Ministers. The law also stipulates the awarding criteria and procedural aspects.
2.26. The policy measures put in place, coupled with the efforts to modernize our institutional landscape, have so far had an encouraging impact on the economy’s performance, given the events and risks that I have mentioned, with one key indicator continuing to excel our expectations. In effect, economic activity has continued to diversify away from mining and quarrying activities, one of our fundamental economic development goals, with the non-mining and quarrying sector capturing 74% of GDP in 2020 Q3. This is a plateau that we look forward to consolidating as we move into the next decade.
2.27. In closing, dear and honourable guests, we very much look ahead to the next Ministerial Conference, as we look forward to the possibility of achieving concrete outcomes in fishery subsidies, e-commerce, investment facilitation, as well as other areas of work taking place in the WTO. I reiterate our willingness to actively engage with all Members in order to realize these outcomes for the benefit of all WTO Member States. Indeed, regardless of our differing positions, I am sure that we can all fully agree on one thing: all challenges bring about opportunities for renewed consensus. Thank you very much and I look forward to listening to all of you in order to convene a successful third Trade Policy Review for the State of Qatar.
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3 STATEMENT BY THE DISCUSSANT
3.1. Thank you Chair. Good morning, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. Let me begin by extending a very warm welcome to the Qatari delegation led by Minister of Commerce and Industry H.E. Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari and Ambassador Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri. I would also like to congratulate Ambassador Athaliah Molokomme on her appointment as the new Chairperson of the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB). It is an honour for me to act as the discussant for Qatar’s 3rd Trade Policy Review.
3.2. In preparation for today’s Review, I have found the detailed reports prepared by Qatar and the Secretariat to be insightful and invaluable to gain a better understanding of Qatar’s trade policies. I must also thank Minister Al Kuwari for his comprehensive overview of Qatar’s trade and economic policies during the period under review.
3.3. I would like to structure my comments around three broad questions, which I hope will help to facilitate our discussion by providing a connection between the last TPR in 2014 and today’s TPR.
3.4. First, how has Qatar performed since its last TPR in 2014? The short answer is that Qatar has performed very well since 2014, especially in its responses to three economic shocks. According to the Secretariat report, Qatar experienced three economic shocks during the period under review, including a sharp decline in energy prices in 2014, the 2017 measures which lasted for almost four years until January 2021, and most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. For the first two crises, Qatar responded adroitly and effectively by reining in government expenditure and exercising fiscal discipline while in 2017, Qatar tapped into its sovereign wealth fund to stabilize the economy. The impact of the crises has also been cushioned, to some extent, by the large-scale construction of infrastructure for the staging of the FIFA World Cup 2022, which provided a major economic stimulus. As the COVID-19 pandemic is still unfolding, its full impact on Qatar’s economy and trade will become clearer at the next Trade Policy Review.
3.5. Against this challenging backdrop, I must commend Qatar for its resilience and for turning adversity into opportunities. Notably, in its national report, Qatar said that “the challenges fast tracked changes, revamped and streamlined regulations and oversight practices, created priorities, focused public policy to more actively manage existing resources and just as importantly, created the need to actively manage and mitigate risks”. For example, following the measures, Qatar increased the number of shipping routes from 2 to 23, which has helped to improve its global connectivity. Qatar has also stayed the course to improve its business environment, expand its export and import markets and strengthen the flow of foreign investment into the country. Qatar has also enhanced its investment regime by revising and amending legislation to allow 100% foreign ownership and establishing the Investment Promotion Agency (IPA) to enhance its attractiveness as a destination for foreign investments.
3.6. Such steps have improved the business environment and earned Qatar a spot among the top 20 global business environment improvers, according to the World Bank Group’s Doing Business 2020 Report. Additionally, the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report 2020 ranked Qatar among the top 10 countries in adopting information and communication technology (ICT).
3.7. Consequently, Qatar’s economic performance over the review period has been credible. According to Qatar’s Government report, real GDP grew between 1.5% and 4% during the period from 2014 to 2018, although real GDP growth fell by 0.2% in 2019 due to a slowdown in the hydrocarbon sector. Like all of us, Qatar has also not been spared the effects of the pandemic, and the first two-quarters of 2020 saw real GDP growth drop to 0.04% and minus 6.1% respectively.
3.8. Second question: how has Qatar responded to the issues raised at the 2014 TPR? During the last TPR, Members observed that Qatar faced a number of key challenges. These included its over-dependence on oil and gas, the major role played by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the economy, its investment restrictions, and its dependence on foreign workers.
3.9. In this context, Qatar has taken concrete steps to address some of the challenges, although there are some structural challenges that are more intractable. For example, given its small indigenous population, Qatar continues to be highly dependent on about 1.9 million foreign workers, who represent 95% of the economically active population.
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3.10. In terms of economic diversification, Qatar has invested considerable efforts to build an economy that is less reliant on hydrocarbon resources and with a larger private sector. In fact, economic diversification is a key priority of the Qatar National Vision 2030. Declining energy prices have added impetus for the Qatar Second National Development Strategy 2018-2022 to “develop a policy framework to diversify the sources of fiscal income and incentivise private sector investment”. These efforts have borne fruits as the proportion of non-mining and quarrying activities has grown from 44% of GDP in the 1st quarter of 2014 to 66% in the 1st quarter of 2020.
3.11. As mentioned earlier, Qatar has undertaken several measures to promote foreign direct investment. However, the World Bank has also noted that while Qatar performs well in some areas such as registering property and dealing with construction permits, it needs significant improvement in protecting minority investors, resolving insolvency and securing credit.
3.12. Reforms have also taken place in relation to SOEs, especially the entry into force of the Public-Private Partnership Law (PPP Law) No. 12 of 2020, which aims to increase the private sector’s participation in major infrastructure projects. However, the Secretariat report notes that “SOEs still play a major role in the economy, and dominate sectors such as oil and gas, telecommunications, postal services, civil aviation and transportation, minerals, manufacturing, and public utilities, including water and electricity distribution”.
3.13. Qatar has also responded to feedback at the last TPR concerning the importance of maintaining prudent immigration policy, improving the system of labour relations, and protecting migrant worker’s rights in order to maintain its economic success. As a result, Qatar has established Qatar Visa Centres (QVC) in major source countries. The objective of these centres is to facilitate visa procedures and implement best practices to ease the burden on migrant workers. Qatar has also signed a number of Memorandums of Understanding with source countries to enhance cooperation and develop domestic practices that will protect labour standards. This issue continues to be of interest to Members and a few questions have been raised again at this TPR. It is positive that Qatar is ready to engage on this issue and shed more light on how it intends to further improve its labour market conditions.
3.14. Third question: what are the key issues that have been highlighted at this year’s TPR? On the basis of the more than 270 questions that have been submitted to date, it is clear that Members continue to be interested in largely similar issues, which include Qatar’s efforts in pursuing economic diversification, privatization and the role of SOEs. Members have also continued to encourage Qatar to further liberalize its investment regime, for example, by allowing foreign investors to invest in the banking and insurance sectors. Another area of interest is Qatar’s intellectual property (IP) regime, with some Members seeking clarifications on how Qatar intends to implement key measures, such as the Copyright Law.
3.15. As requested by a few Members, it would be helpful for Qatar to share more details of its privatization roadmap. As Qatar is not a member of the plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement, some Members have also encouraged Qatar to join the GPA in order to improve transparency on the operations of SOEs.
3.16. Qatar must be commended for its sterling efforts in implementing the Trade Facilitation Agreement. One particular area of interest for many Members is the operation of Qatar’s National Single Window. Members are keen to learn more about how Qatar conducts inspections of imports, and the rationale behind the restrictions and import requirements for certain products, including agricultural and food items. As improving trade facilitation and customs procedures is very much a work-in-progress, I would like to encourage Qatar to continue engaging with Members on these issues.
3.17. Lastly, Members have shown a high degree of interest in Qatar’s e-commerce regime. This is an area where Qatar has made great strides since its last TPR. For example, Qatar updated its National E-Commerce Roadmap in 2017. The e-commerce market in Qatar has also grown significantly. In 2015, the market value of business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions stood at USD 1.2 billion. Qatar expects this to double to USD 2.4 billion in 2020. It would be useful for Qatar to share its experiences in strengthening its regulatory framework and making it more conducive to e-commerce.
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3.18. In conclusion, let me provide three short answers to the three questions that I had raised at the outset. First, Qatar has performed very well since the last TPR in 2014 and responded strongly to the three crises. Second, Qatar has taken concrete steps to respond to the many key issues that Members had raised in 2014. Third, Qatar has done well in responding to almost all the questions that Members have raised at this year’s TPR.
3.19. I wish Qatar a successful 3rd TPR and I thank you.
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4 STATEMENTS BY MEMBERS
TURKEY
4.1. I would like to extend a very warm welcome to H.E. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry and his delegation.
4.2. We thank the Secretariat and the Government of Qatar for their comprehensive reports, as well as Ambassador Tan Hung Seng of Singapore for his invaluable contribution to this Review.
4.3. Qatar has encountered serious economic challenges during the review period. However, despite decline in natural gas prices, blockade by some regional countries and the pandemic, Qatar was able to maintain its economic stability. Indeed, this was possible thanks to the implementation of comprehensive measures.
4.4. We are pleased to see progress towards resolution of the Gulf dispute. As reiterated on various occasions, Turkey attaches great importance to the security, stability and prosperity in the region and will continue to support all efforts in this direction.
4.5. As it is indicated in the reports, Qatar continued to transform its economy in line with the Qatar National Vision 2030. By doing so, it has made progress for further economic diversification.
4.6. Several steps have been taken to improve trade and investment environment in the country. We believe that the launch of e-government portal, legal portal and e-commerce portal will have significant positive outcomes for trade and investment.
4.7. Amending legislation on foreign direct investment, incentive regimes and anti-money laundering and restructuring ministries and agencies, indicate that economic transformation is clearly reflected at institutional level as well. In our view, new established entities, especially the Investment Promotion Agency and the General Tax Authority, will work as significant building blocks of this new institutional structure in Qatar.
4.8. We also recognize an increasing potential for tourism sector in Qatar which is wisely guided by the Government through “Qatar National Tourism Council”. The successful projects and planning on the way to FIFA World Cup 2022 are also steppingstones in this positive outlook.
4.9. In the review period, various reforms were also introduced to strengthen intellectual property rights’ regime in Qatar. New legislation on the protection of industrial designs, online trademark registration system and ratification of several international treaties demonstrate strong dedication in this field.
4.10. We are pleased to see Qatar’s active engagement in the WTO. Ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2017 and acceptance of the 2005 Protocol Amending the WTO Agreement on TRIPS Agreement in 2016 shows Qatar’s firm commitment to the multilateral trading system.
4.11. Assistance to SMEs and investments in free zones by providing incentives in the form of fiscal and financial support and promotion of e-commerce by the Government are fully in line with the WTO’s priorities during the pandemic.
4.12. Turkey and Qatar enjoy special relations based on strong political, economic and cultural ties. Turkey sees Qatar as a key strategic partner in the region.
4.13. Throughout the review period, especially during the Gulf dispute, Turkey stood in solidarity with Qatar and cooperated in every possible field. We are pleased to see that this stance is always reciprocated by Qatar.
4.14. As a result, since 2014, bilateral trade volume between the two countries increased around 66%, amounting to USD 2.2 billion in 2019.
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4.15. Qatari investment in Turkey amounts to USD 22 billion. More than 180 Turkish companies operate in Qatar and the total value of projects undertaken by Turkish contractors is more than USD 18 billion.
4.16. As a proof of our further strengthening bilateral and economic relations, Turkey and Qatar signed an agreement on cooperation and mutual assistance in customs and a double taxation agreement in 2016. We are looking forward to further develop our economic ties.
4.17. Before concluding, we want to thank Ambassador Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri and our colleagues at the Permanent Mission of Qatar for their active contributions and constructive engagement in the negotiations at the WTO and their close cooperation with our delegation.
4.18. We wish Qatar a very successful Review.
OMAN
4.19. It is a great pleasure for the delegation of the Sultanate of Oman to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of the State of Qatar.
4.20. We commend H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry of the State of Qatar for the excellent and comprehensive opening statement. We also welcome H.E. Mr. Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Qatar in Geneva.
4.21. The Sultanate of Oman and the State of Qatar enjoy deep-rooted fraternal, historical, and economic relations. Both countries are members of the GCC, the Arab League and the OIC.
4.22. Qatar faced a number of important challenges since 2014 (for example, the decline in energy prices, the consolidation of renewable energies as strategic energy sources throughout the world, regional instability, COVID-19) which forced the Government to take decisive actions quickly. Qatar's Government placed trade policy at the centre of its overall policy response.
4.23. Oman congratulates Qatar's efforts to achieve economic diversification under the National Vision 2030, seeking to build an economy less reliant on petroleum resources with a larger private sector involvement.
4.24. Despite the three economic shocks during the review period, the Qatari Government succeeded to stabilize the economy through the measures taken and continued to move forward with its economic development agenda.
4.25. We are glad to note that Qatar continues to improve its trade and investment environment by, inter alia, increasing transparency through the launch of the e-government portal, the legal portal, and the e-commerce portal; restructuring the ministries and agencies related to trade and investment; and amending and revising legislation on foreign direct investment (FDI).
4.26. Qatar expanded its foreign investment regime to include further overall participation as well as real estate (REITs are now allowed) and a new PPP regime (as way to create long-term engagements for the private sector in infrastructure management and development).
4.27. Qatar established a formal investment promotion agency to channel all public investment promotion efforts.
4.28. Oman commends the State of Qatar on the steps taken after the last Review on implemented reforms to its IPR protection system, which was done to promote the development of a knowledge economy, and the expansion of the services sector to achieve diversification of its economy to promote itself as a premium tourism destination. Changes in Qatar's labour and immigration laws have greatly improved the conditions of expat workers in Qatar.
4.29. In 2008, Qatar launched National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030), to transform Qatar into an advanced country capable of sustaining its development and providing a high standard of living for all of its people for generations to come by 2030.
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4.30. Qatar seeks to develop an economy that is diversified and thus less dependent on hydrocarbons, with investment moving towards knowledge-based industries and a private sector that is growing in importance.
4.31. Qatar proactively responded to the COVID pandemic by supporting the private sector and protect public health. This led to further streamlining of trade facilitation measures. Qatar has almost finished all the required infrastructure for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in spite of the various difficulties it faced.
4.32. In 2001, WTO Members have agreed to launch a new round in Doha, known as the "Doha Development Agenda DDA ". Since then, Qatar has actively been engaged in WTO activities and has been committed to the multilateral trading system. Qatar made commercially meaningful commitments in agriculture, goods, and services. Qatar bound 100% of its tariff lines at an average bound rate of 15.9%, which is twice the simple average applied MFN rate of 5.1%.
4.33. Qatar continued to implement its trade policies consistent with its WTO obligations, and its policies and practices have a positive impact on the functioning of the multilateral trading system. Qatar deepened its participation at the WTO on different fronts, discussion groups, negotiations, and dispute settlements.
4.34. In conclusion, the delegation of the Sultanate of Oman wishes the delegation of the State of Qatar a very successful third Trade Policy Review.
BRAZIL
4.35. I extend a warm welcome to the delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry an also to the Qatar’s delegation in Geneva. I thank the Qatari Government and the Secretariat for their reports, as well as you, Chair, for your opening remarks, and our discussant today, Ambassador Tan (Singapore), for his exhaustive comments.
4.36. Brazil attaches great importance to this Trade Policy Review of Qatar. Even though our countries have a longstanding political and economic relationship, our partnership is at an auspicious point, since President Jair Bolsonaro made an official visit to Qatar in October 2019.
4.37. The 2019 presidential visit culminated the process of strengthening our bilateral relations, as evidenced by official visits from our Minister of Science and Technology, Marcos Pontes, and congressman Rodrigo Maia, then spokesperson of Brazil’s congress, in June and September of the same year.
4.38. Our partnership has also evolved with intensity in economic issues. Bilateral trade exchanges have intensified significantly since 2000, from USD 27 million to USD 1.3 billion in 2015, only decreasing bellow 1 billion USD in 2020 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on international trade.
4.39. There is immense potential for increasing commercial relations due to the complementarities of our economies, being Qatar a significant supplier of oil and petrochemicals to Brazil and an important market for Brazilian alumina, poultry, and meat, among other agriculture products.
4.40. Bilateral investments also have great untapped potential. Qatar already has significant investments in Brazil, mainly in the petrochemical sector. Also relevant are investments in sectors such as air transport, banking, agriculture, editorial and education There is potential for increased Qatar investments in fields such as energy, rail, oil and gas in Brazil.
4.41. Since the last TPR of Qatar, Brazil has been following its progress in numerous economic and social aspects. Despite the impacts of the COVID-19 in the global economy, there are solid grounds for optimism based on sound macroeconomic policies, steady economic growth from 2015 to 2019, deepening of trade liberalization and continuous efforts by the Government in achieving better governance and promoting important reforms. Brazil commends Qatar’s efforts to implement its National Vision 2030, pursuing economic diversification and the development of knowledge-based industries.
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4.42. This review exercise is also a valuable opportunity for Members to identify the areas in Qatari trade policy framework where further improvement would be beneficial to the system.
4.43. From the Brazilian perspective, agriculture is an area that comes to the forefront of our concerns. We welcome the enaction of trade facilitating measures such as the food registration system, which, as highlighted by Secretariat report, allows companies to register imported/exported food products electronically before importing/exporting, and a registration notice is given for each food product. Brazil would welcome, however, further trade facilitating measures regarding SPS and TBT requirements.
4.44. I conclude by thanking Qatar for the written responses to our questions, which will be carefully reviewed in Brasilia. I also take the opportunity to express our confidence that Qatar will host a great FIFA World Cup next year.
4.45. I wish the Qatari delegation a very successful and productive Trade Policy Review.
CANADA
4.46. May I start by saying how delighted I am to see you as the Chairperson of the TPRM and you can count on Canada’s support during your entire year. I would also like to extend a warm welcome to Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari and thank Ambassador Tan for his insightful comments. I would like to begin by acknowledging Qatar’s economic diversification plans as set out in Qatar National Vision 2030. Efforts by Qatar to modernize and streamline its business policies and practices are welcomed.
4.47. Canada notes Qatar now ranks 77th in the world for ease of doing business according to the World Bank Group’s 2020 annual survey, an improvement of six places from 2019. We note, however, that Qatar only ranked 101st for trading across borders, with no change in ranking from 2019. Efforts to significantly improve this metric would greatly facilitate trade and encourage greater participation in commercial opportunities by Canadian SMEs in particular, who face challenges in understanding and navigating the various export requirements and regulations.
4.48. The establishment of special economic zones, the loosening of foreign investment rules, implementation of progressive incentive programs as a means of diversifying the economy, developing domestic capacity in strategic sectors, and attracting foreign investment and international partners are commendable. Canadian companies have taken note of these improvements in Qatar and are continually exploring new opportunities for commercial engagement. We look forward to building our bilateral trade and creating the conditions to allow trade ties to flourish in the future.
4.49. We encourage Qatar to continue to enhance its rules-based trading framework in line with its WTO obligations as this will support the achievement of long-lasting benefits to its economy.
4.50. Canada continues to have concerns with respect to some of Qatar’s measures affecting trade in agriculture. In this regard, Canada is very concerned by Qatar’s 20 February 2020 decision to reduce access for Canadian beef which, in Canada’s view, has not been based on international standards, guidelines, or recommendations established by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Canada is seeking an early decision by Qatar to restore full Canadian beef access consistent with the OIE.
4.51. Canada would also like to take this opportunity to reiterate our strong interest in receiving clarification pertaining to Qatar’s shelf-life requirements for paneer cheese. We continue to encourage Qatar to notify this measure and to address other outstanding notifications to the WTO, including on agriculture domestic support and agriculture export subsidies, and on subsidies more generally—even if it is only for making a Nil notification as done in 2015. These notifications are critical for providing transparency and predictability to all Members.
4.52. To conclude, Canada welcomes Qatar’s participation in the WTO’s Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) Informal Working Group and the joint statement initiatives on electronic commerce and on investment facilitation. Moving forward, Qatar could also consider joining the joint statement initiative on services domestic regulation as it would contribute to enhanced predictability and transparency for services suppliers. We would also encourage Qatar to
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- 15 - consider supporting the Buenos Aires Declaration and to engage in discussions on how trade can help advance women’s economic empowerment.
4.53. We have submitted a number of questions touching on the themes just mentioned. We thank Qatar for the responses received, which we will review carefully. We look forward to a constructive exchange of views on all aspects of Qatar’s trade policy.
JAPAN
4.54. First, let me congratulate you, Chair, for your appointment as the new Chair of the TPRB. Let me first extend a warm welcome to this third TPR meeting to the distinguished delegation of Qatar headed by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry. We sincerely appreciate the dedicated efforts made by Qatar and the WTO Secretariat to prepare the insightful reports shared with the Members in advance of today's Review. We are also grateful to the discussant, H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador of Singapore, for his insightful remarks.
4.55. Qatar is an important trading partner for Japan. In 2020, trade between our two countries reached a value of USD 10.2 billion in total. We look forward to the success of the multiple reforms and economic policies Qatar is currently pursuing, regardless of the negative impacts from the declining oil price and the COVID-19 pandemic.
4.56. Japan appreciates Qatar’s joining of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) in 2017 and its participation in the Joint Statement Initiative (JSI) on e-commerce, investment facilitation and MSMEs towards further trade facilitation. We expect Qatar to continue actively engaging in both multilateral and plurilateral frameworks under the WTO to further strengthen the multilateral trading system.
4.57. When it comes to domestic measures for trade facilitation, Japan commends the introduction of the single window system established during the review period. However, we note that the certification requirement has a negative effect on trade efficiency when we export to Qatar.
4.58. With regard to initiatives for the promotion of FDI, Japan welcomes the fact that up to 100% foreign ownership has been allowed in all economic sectors under the new FDI law. We also welcome the establishment of the Investment Promotion Agency (IPA) as another important initiative to promote FDI.
4.59. In conclusion, Japan appreciates Qatar making this TPR meeting possible in spite of the current situation with the pandemic. Japan highly commends Qatar’s efforts for the improvement of its trade environment since the previous Review. We wish Qatar a successful and productive TPR.
SINGAPORE
4.60. The Singapore delegation warmly welcomes the Minister of Commerce and Industry, H.E. Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, and the rest of the Qatari delegation. We thank Qatar for its Government report and statement. We also thank you, the TPRB Chair, the Secretariat, and the discussant Ambassador Tan for your invaluable insights.
4.61. At the outset, I would like to highlight that Singapore and Qatar enjoy robust economic relations. In 2020, our bilateral trade totalled S$5.75 billion Singapore dollars, making Qatar Singapore’s third largest trading partner in the Middle East and 23rd largest trading partner globally. The two-way flow of investments is also healthy and has continued to grow, with the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Qatar in Singapore standing at S$2.02 billion Singapore dollars, and the stock of direct investment abroad (DIA) from Singapore to Qatar amounting to S$320 million Singapore dollars. Singapore companies have invested in Qatar, and vice versa, particularly in the oil and gas, digital and hospitality sectors. The GCC-Singapore FTA has also contributed to strengthening trade and investment linkages between Qatar and Singapore.
4.62. As Qatar looks ahead to its next phase of growth, Singapore hopes to strengthen our economic and trade ties. Allow me to highlight three points.
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4.63. First, Singapore commends Qatar’s commitment to the rules-based multilateral trading system as embodied by the WTO. Qatar has been a constructive WTO Member and has co-sponsored initiatives that seek to strengthen the multilateral trading system, including the joint statements on COVID-19 and the Multilateral Trading System and Prohibiting Export Restrictions Relating to Purchases made by the World Food Programme. Despite challenging times, Qatar has kept its markets open and continued to foster economic development through trade facilitation and investment promotion. For example, Qatar accelerated its implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement and established a single window electronic customs clearance system, Al-Nadeeb, which would help to expedite trade between Qatar and its trading partners.
4.64. Going forward, it would be useful for Qatar to continue to improve the transparency of its trade regime in order to further facilitate trade. The Secretariat’s report noted that a number of notifications require updating or renewal, including in the areas of import licensing procedures and quantitative restrictions. Members have also sought clarifications on the import requirements for some products, such as beverages. We would like to encourage Qatar to submit the relevant notifications and engage these Members constructively.
4.65. Second, Singapore commends Qatar’s resilience in responding to the various challenges during the period of the review. In addition to addressing pressing challenges brought about by declining oil and gas prices as well as the Covid-19 pandemic, Qatar has steadfastly pursued economic diversification, which has borne fruits. For example, the substantial growth in proportion of non-mining and quarrying activities from 44% of GDP in 2014 to 66% in 2020 is evidence of Qatar’s success on this front. We would like to encourage Qatar to press on with its plans to further diversify the economy under the Qatar National Vision 2030 and Qatar Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022.
4.66. Third, we welcome Qatar’s ongoing efforts to improve its trade and investment regime under the review period. A good example is the progress that has been made in Qatar’s digital economy, including the implementation of digital payment gateways and expansion of its e-commerce market. We also welcome Qatar’s efforts to strengthen the flow of foreign investment into the country, including by allowing 100% foreign ownership in many sectors and establishing the Investment Promotion Agency (IPA). We would also encourage Qatar to consider becoming a party to the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) given that fair and transparent government procurement regime can contribute to attracting foreign investment.
4.67. To conclude, Singapore looks forward to exploring new opportunities to deepen Singapore- Qatar economic relations. We wish Qatar every success for its third TPR.
EUROPEAN UNION
4.68. On behalf of the European Union, I would first like to welcome the delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry. I would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat and Qatar for their reports and the discussant, H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan of Singapore for the introductory remarks.
4.69. The EU welcomes the useful insights that this Review has provided regarding Qatar’s modernization and diversification strategy and the measures taken by the Government to mitigate the impact of a challenging economic situation, particularly starting from 2017. The latest developments in the GCC region, with the recent Al Ula Declaration in January 2021 are promising in terms of helping to intensify intra-regional trade as well as trade with other parts of the world.
4.70. As an open economy dependent on international trade, Qatar is well-placed to play an active supportive role to the multilateral trading system. In this respect, the EU works with Qatar in the WTO in important areas such as WTO reform, the joint statement initiatives on e-commerce and on investment facilitation, which constitute important and forward-looking agenda for the international trade and for this Organization. We would like to encourage Qatar to also join the Joint Statement Initiative on Domestic Regulation on Services as well as the Government Procurement Agreement.
4.71. We would like to congratulate Qatar for the ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2014 and for the acceptance of the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement in 2016. However, we invite Qatar to submit and update notifications in the areas of agriculture (domestic support and
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- 17 - export subsidies), import licensing procedures, quantitative restrictions, customs valuation, subsidies, state-trading enterprises, and GATS.
4.72. As regards the EU’s bilateral relationship with Qatar, trade, investment and economic dialogue form an important part of the bilateral agenda. The EU is Qatar’s fourth largest trading partner, at 11.5% of Qatar’s global trade and we have a robust investment relationship, with total bilateral FDI stock exceeding EUR 38 billion. While the negotiations for an EU-GCC FTA were suspended in 2008, the EU remains open to engage in a dialogue on how to bring the trade and investment partnership forward.
4.73. The Government has made significant efforts to diversify the economy (inter alia leading to a 66% share of the non-mining sector at the beginning of 2020). Nonetheless Qatar remains heavily dependent on the energy sector, which suffered the largest contraction of demand in history due to the COVID-19 pandemic, generating a significant drop in Qatari GDP last year.
4.74. At the same time, and this is a clear priority from the EU’s perspective, the crisis also provides an opportunity and a strong incentive to accelerate the transformation of the economy towards a more sustainable model, also reflecting the commitments under the Paris Agreement which Qatar ratified in June 2017.
4.75. As the written questions demonstrate, WTO Members have a number of questions and concerns on important areas essential for smooth trading and investment relations with Qatar. From the EU perspective these concern, among others, the areas of customs valuation and procedures, regulation on the conditions of non-Qatari investments, the system of standards and technical requirements, SPS requirements notably for milk and cheese products, the new tendering requirements in public procurement and the various questions related to the important area of IP protection and reforms to labour law, namely the kafala system.
4.76. While the EU acknowledges that Qatar has undertaken significant initiatives to facilitate trade and foreign investment, it is our view that further efforts are necessary to enhance trading conditions, in particular in the above-mentioned areas.
4.77. On behalf of the EU, I wish Qatar a very productive and successful Review.
CHILE
4.78. We welcome the delegation of Qatar, led by H.E. Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Trade and Industry, and congratulate Qatar on its presence in this new version of the WTO Trade Policy Review.
4.79. We also extend our greetings to Ambassador Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri and the Members of the Permanent Mission of Qatar to the WTO, and acknowledge the work achieved.
4.80. We should also like to extend our thanks to the Ambassador of Singapore, Tan Hung Seng, for his presentation, and for the excellent work by the Secretariat and the Government of Qatar in preparing their respective reports.
4.81. This year marks the 20th anniversary of the WTO's Fourth Ministerial Conference (MC4) in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001. We recall the WTO's Doha Round of multilateral negotiations as an important and significant step in the collective and incremental effort to reduce barriers to trade and to champion international trade as a driver of countries' sustainable development.
4.82. Diplomatic relations between Chile and Qatar were established in 1982 and since then political, economic and trade ties have increased, with a sense of collaboration and understanding.
4.83. There are many similarities between Chile and Qatar, born of common outlooks and public policies that share a similar viewpoint as to the benefits of economic openness and free trade.
4.84. In this Trade Policy Review, we would like to draw attention to the visit of a trade delegation by the Vice Minister of Trade of Chile, Mr Rodrigo Yáñez, to Qatar, just a few weeks ago, on 25 February 2021.
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4.85. The Chilean Vice Minister was accompanied by the Ambassador of Chile to the United Arab Emirates, concurrently assigned as Ambassador to Qatar, and the Director of the Chilean investment promotion agency (Invest Chile), Mr Andrés Rodríguez, as well as Chilean trade experts.
4.86. The visit to Qatar came under the priority set by the Chilean Government to strengthening economic ties with Gulf countries, given the great potential of Chile and the Gulf region for bilateral trade and mutual investment.
4.87. The visit highlighted Chile's role as a focal point for trade in the Latin American region, through its extensive network of trade agreements, which includes 30 agreements with over 65 economies, allowing preferential access to over 88% of global GDP.
4.88. The Chilean Vice Minister, Mr Rodrigo Yáñez, arrived in Qatar from Riyadh where, in addition to meeting with the local authorities, a memorandum of understanding between Chile and the Secretariat of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) was signed. This memorandum opens a new chapter of cooperation between Chile and the Arab States of the Gulf, including Qatar and is aimed at establishing a consultation mechanism on matters of common interest.
4.89. During his mission to Doha, the Chilean Vice Minister of Trade met with his counterparts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Dr Ahmad Hassen Al-Hammadi and from the Ministry of Trade, undersecretary Sultan bin Rashid Al-Khater.
4.90. The Chilean and Qatari authorities highlighted the friendly ties between the two countries and the great potential to establish public and private partnerships to boost bilateral trade.
4.91. The Chilean Vice Minister of Trade emphasized the complementarity between the two economies and the role that Chile could play as a major supplier of food to the world, under Qatar's proposed food security strategy.
4.92. The delegation of Chile was also received by Mr Mansoor bin Ebrahim Al-Mahmoud, from the Qatar Investment Authority, with whom they discussed investment opportunities.
4.93. Trade between Chile and Qatar amounted to USD 9 million in 2020, mainly comprising Chile's exports to Qatar. There is therefore huge potential to increase bilateral trade. In the area of investment, Qatar Airways owns 10% of LATAM, Chile's main airline.
4.94. Finally, Chile raised a number of questions during this Trade Policy Review and is grateful for the answers. We wish Qatar a successful Trade Policy Review at the WTO.
UKRAINE
4.95. On behalf of the Ukrainian delegation, I would like to warmly welcome the distinguished delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry and express our appreciation to the delegation of Qatar for the comprehensive Government report.
4.96. We would also like to acknowledge the WTO Secretariat’s work and efforts put in the preparation of its Report and the thoughtful presentation made today by H.E. Ambassador Tan Hung Seng.
4.97. The third Trade Policy Review of Qatar offers a good opportunity to deepen the understanding of the trade and economic policy developments occurred since the previous Review in 2014.
4.98. Ukraine acknowledges the efforts of the Government of Qatar undertaken to improve its trade and investment environment and to tackle challenges created by the various situations, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Ukraine believes that adapted measures will enable Qatar to meet its strategic development goals set in the Qatar National Vision 2030 and to minimize the adverse impact of the pandemic.
4.99. At a multilateral level, Ukraine recognizes Qatar's strong commitments to the multilateral trading system and active participation in the WTO activities. Ukraine welcomes the acceptance of
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- 19 - the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement and the ratification of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement.
4.100. In terms of bilateral relations, the State of Qatar is a prospective partner of Ukraine. We believe that the recent visit of the President of Ukraine to Qatar will give additional impetus to the bilateral interaction in the different areas.
4.101. In such challenging times both for Ukraine and Qatar, as well as for the whole world, we continue to develop our trade and economic relationships.
4.102. Last year was marked by a substantial increase in the dynamics of Ukrainian-Qatari trade. This is the highest volume of bilateral trade in the history of the Ukrainian-Qatari cooperation. In 2020, the trade turnover between Ukraine and Qatar increased by 69.2% and amounted to USD 139,2 million.
4.103. In the context of a pandemic, the Government of Ukraine clearly understands the importance of ensuring food security in the world. Ukraine, as a reliable trading partner and exporter of agricultural products, makes every effort to guarantee uninterrupted supplies of raw materials and food products to foreign markets.
4.104. Ukraine's agricultural sector has significant potential in the production of food and agricultural raw materials and needs to attract both domestic and foreign investment. In this context, the development of investment cooperation, which would consider the interests and benefits of both countries, can give additional impetus to trade and economic cooperation in the agricultural sector between our countries.
4.105. The reports prepared by Qatar and the WTO Secretariat stimulated questions in a number of areas – as detailed in Ukraine's written submissions to this Review. The main themes addressed were: measures aimed at the development of Qatar's agricultural sector; import restrictions; trade contingency measures and decision-making procedures; investment promotion; tax exemptions in the free zone; intellectual property rights regime; regulation of fintech companies’ activity; results of implementation of the E-Commerce Trustmark (Theqa) programme, etc.
4.106. I would like to express our gratitude for the responses to our questions and wish the delegation of Qatar a successful TPR.
UNITED STATES
4.107. I would like to extend my congratulations to you, Chair, and your appointment as Chairperson of the TPRB and we look forward working with you. The United States is pleased to welcome H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry, and the rest of the delegation from Qatar to the third Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Qatar. We welcome the Secretariat and Government reports and appreciate the opportunity to gain a clearer sense of the changes to Qatar’s trade and investment policies since its last Review in 2014.
4.108. Qatar is an important economic partner of the United States, and we look forward to increased engagement on trade issues. While Qatar has reason to be pleased with the results of its efforts to date, the United States would like to highlight several areas that we believe need greater attention and a focus on swift resolution.
4.109. In particular, Qatar has yet to notify to the appropriate WTO Committee regarding a 2019 regulation establishing onerous shelf-life, fat content and other requirements for dairy products, despite requests from the United States and several other WTO Members to do so. The United States and several other WTO Members have also repeatedly requested that Qatar explain the objective of this regulation, provide a science-based explanation of how the requirements achieve its objectives, and work with trading partners to develop a solution that addresses the current restrictions to trade.
4.110. The United States remains disappointed that Qatar continues to require authentication of Certificates of Origin and Commercial Invoices at Embassies and/or Consulates prior to importation into Qatar. The United States has continuously questioned the necessity of any such requirements, since we cannot see any trade purpose such requirements serve. We would like to understand the
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- 20 - trade purpose this practice serves, particularly in light of Qatar’s obligations under the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. We also note that Qatar has yet to provide updates on its import, export and transit requirements, to the WTO Secretariat, the deadline for which was February 2017.
4.111. Also of note, the United States understands that Qatar is currently considering revisions to the excise tax on beverages. We and other WTO Members have raised concerns in several fora about the implementation of this tax, and we have asked for an opportunity to consult with Qatar on necessary revisions, including switching to a graduated tax based on sugar content, ensuring that the tax covers all beverages in which the total sugar content – from either natural and/or added sugars – exceeds a minimum threshold, exempting low-calorie beverages and those with no added sugars, and ensuring that there is no discrimination between energy drinks and other beverages that have similar amounts of sugar.
4.112. The United States has also raised questions in a few other areas, including the transparency in the Qatari Quality Mark. ensuring recognition of exporting countries’ health certificates to ensure food safety, proper notification of certain government programs under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, the process and benefits of obtaining a copyright registration certificate, and how debt issuances are used by local state-owned enterprises.
4.113. In addition, as a wealthy nation, we call on Qatar to no longer seek special and differential treatment in current and future WTO negotiations. By taking this step, Qatar would make a significant contribution to ensuring that the WTO remains a viable forum for meaningful trade negotiations.
4.114. Qatar is a valued trading partner of the United States, and we hope that Qatar will find this Review to be useful in its reform efforts. We thank the Government of Qatar in advance for its efforts to respond to our questions and concerns, and we plan to review its responses carefully and to request clarifications as necessary over the next two days.
ARGENTINA
4.115. We would like to associate ourselves with Members who have welcomed the delegation of Qatar, led by H.E. Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Trade and Industry. We extend our congratulations to the incoming Chair, and our appreciation to the Mission of Qatar and its Ambassador in Geneva. We also appreciate the detailed reports prepared by Qatar and by the Secretariat.
4.116. Qatar and the Argentine Republic maintain a smooth trade relationship. Our country exports to Qatar articles of iron or steel; meat and edible meat offal; pharmaceutical products; oil seeds and oleaginous fruits. From Qatar, we mainly imported liquefied gas, plastics and articles thereof; salt; sulphur; earths and stones; plastering materials, lime and cement; and miscellaneous chemical products.
4.117. Argentina admires Qatar's successful circumvention of the various economic upheavals during the review period. During the most recent, the COVID-19 pandemic, the authorities of Qatar have taken steps to boost the private sector and to facilitate liquidity and low-interest credit. We trust that these measures will help address the pandemic and further strengthen Qatar's economy.
4.118. Worthy of note, also, are efforts to promote the objective of economic diversification and to reduce the high dependency on oil resources, which was particularly visible in 2014 when oil and gas prices declined. Our country is pleased to learn that non-oil industries, mainly manufacturing and construction, have been driving Qatar's economic growth over the past three years.
4.119. On trade facilitation, it should be noted that Qatar ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement in June 2017, approved all the provisions under section 1 of the Agreement, save one clause, and the Category A commitments. In the same vein, it is worth mentioning that Qatar has fulfilled all its obligations under this Agreement following the launch of the authorized economic operator (AEO) programme in early 2019.
4.120. Qatar is a committed member of the multilateral trading system. During the review period, it deposited its instrument of acceptance of the Protocol amending the Agreement on Trade-Related
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Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). While it has a number of outstanding agriculture notifications, import licensing procedures, subsidies, state-trading enterprises and services, it is also true that Qatar has submitted notifications on a wide range of topics, as reflected in table 2.2 of the Secretariat's report.
4.121. In the framework of this Trade Policy Review, we have submitted questions to Qatar relating to changes in its government procurement regime, amendments to its intellectual property system and the development of new special free zones under the Qatar National Vision 2030. We shall be grateful to receive Qatar's replies.
4.122. In conclusion, we should like to express our great appreciation for this new opportunity to address Qatar's trade practices and policies.
4.123. We wish your authorities a successful Review.
THE PHILIPPINES
4.124. The Philippine delegation warmly welcomes and congratulates the delegation of Qatar led by Minister Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, and Ambassador Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri of the Permanent Mission of Qatar to the WTO on their third Trade Policy Review. We also thank Ambassador Hung Seng Tan of Singapore for his insightful comments as discussant, and the WTO Secretariat for its comprehensive report.
4.125. The Philippines enjoys a longstanding bilateral relationship with Qatar. To further strengthen the ties between the two countries, an Agreement on Economic, Commercial and Technical Cooperation was signed in March 1997 establishing a Joint Ministerial Commission for Bilateral Cooperation (JMCBC), which provides a mechanism to regularly review economic and other aspects of their bilateral relations.
4.126. In April 2017, the Philippines and Qatar signed several agreements related to investments, health, culture, and technical education cooperation during the Visit of Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte's to Doha, Qatar. Among these is an Agreement for the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments.
4.127. Qatar is the Philippines’ fourth largest trading partner in the Gulf Cooperation Council with total bilateral trade between our two countries amounting to USD 214 million in 2019. In February 2020, the Philippine Department of Trade and Industry led an Outbound Business Matching Mission to Doha to promote more Philippine food products in Qatar. Among the top exports of the Philippines to Qatar are bananas, breads, sauces, and parts of machinery equipment. Conversely, top imports from Qatar to the Philippines include urea, liquefied butane, polyethylene, and semi- finished products of iron or non-alloy steels.
4.128. The Philippines notes from the Secretariat report that Qatar is a hydrocarbon-rich country with a small indigenous population relative to its expatriate community. Some 1.9 million foreign workers constitute approximately 95% of the economically active population. Qatar is one of the top destinations of overseas Filipino workers, most of whom working in the nursing and services sector. Considering the large number of Filipino workers in Qatar, with more than 250,000 population residing in the country, a Joint Committee Meeting (JCM) on Labour Matters was established to constructively discuss labour concerns and issues related Filipino expatriate workers in Qatar. The fourth and most recent JCM was held in Qatar in February 2019.
4.129. The Philippines recognizes the Qatar National Vision 2030, which sets out the fundamental policy framework for the country's strategic socioeconomic and human development. We also acknowledge the ongoing Second National Development Strategy (NDS-2) 2018-2022 which aims to sustain the country’s economic prosperity through economic diversification, infrastructure and private sector development, and natural resources management. The NDS-2 sets targets to diversify production through increasing public investment in infrastructure, promoting private investment, establishing industrial and service zones, and supporting the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
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4.130. The Philippines appreciates Qatar’s strong commitment to the multilateral trading system and its active engagement in the WTO, including its participation in the discussions on investment facilitation for development, electronic commerce, MSMEs, WTO reform, and the rules of fisheries subsidies.
4.131. The Philippines commends the significant developments in Qatar’s economic policies, and we look forward to learning more about these policies through this trade policy review process. Our delegation has submitted some advance written questions on the TPR reports, and we thank the delegation of the Qatar for their prompt replies which we have transmitted to our capital for consideration.
4.132. In closing, the Philippines looks forward to further enhancing the mutually beneficial economic relations with Qatar in the bilateral, regional, and multilateral fora.
THAILAND
4.133. Thailand welcomes the opportunity to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of Qatar. We wish to extend a warm welcome to His Excellency Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry, and his delegation to this virtual TPR.
4.134. In this Trade Policy Review, Thailand would like to thank you, Chair, for your in-depth summary and opening remarks, the Secretariat and the Government of Qatar for a high-quality report, as well as the discussant, Ambassador Hung Seng Tan from Singapore, for his insightful analysis of Qatar’s trade policy.
4.135. Thailand and Qatar enjoyed strong engagement in a range of areas: trade, culture, tourism, and development. Economic and trade relations between Thailand and Qatar steadily expanded since the last Review. Total merchandise trade between the two countries has reached approximately USD 4.0 billion in 2019. We believe that our trade relationship will further be strengthened through this strong business connection.
4.136. Qatar is considered as one of our important sources of energy products. Thailand’s major exports to Qatar include jewellery, automobiles, machinery and mechanical appliances, plastic, rubber, and food items. We are pleased to highlight that, among the GCC members, Qatar is Thailand's third most important trading partner, while Thailand is the second largest trading partner of Qatar in ASEAN.
4.137. Amid global and regional economic challenges, Qatar’s real GDP has grown at an average annual rate of approximately 1.2% in 2018, and 0.8% in 2019. It is highly commendable that sound macroeconomic policies and various mitigation measures have contributed to stable inflation, moderate public debt, and greater resilience to external shocks.
4.138. Thailand is also pleased to learn that Qatar has implemented National Vision 2030 with the ultimate objective to pursuing economic diversification, restructuring an economy to be less reliant on the energy sector, as well as moving towards knowledge-based industries with a greater participation of the private sector.
4.139. Moreover, Thailand commends Qatar’s consistent efforts in improving its regulatory framework, trade and investment environment, as well as promoting trade facilitation. We believe that these efforts and the National Vision 2030 would greatly support Qatar’s economy, on course to an advanced, resilient, and sustainable economic growth, providing a higher standard of living for future generations.
4.140. Thailand welcomes Qatar’s active engagement in the multilateral trading system and WTO activities. In 2017, Qatar ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Also, it has actively participated in many emerging discussions including investment facilitation, e-commerce, and WTO reform. Though Qatar has performed well in its notification in areas of SPS and TBT agreement, further improvement in areas of agriculture, import licensing procedure, quantitative restrictions, and subsidies would ensure greater transparency in the application of trade and related policies.
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4.141. In this Review, Thailand submitted questions covering specific aspects of Qatar’s trade and economic policies, including custom system, financing program, Geographical Indications (GIs), investment and digital trade policies. Thailand would like to thank Qatar for its timely response to our questions and will study them in detail with great interest.
4.142. In closing, Thailand wishes Qatar a highly successful Trade Policy Review.
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA ON BEHALF OF THE ARAG GROUP
4.143. First, we would like to congratulate you, Chair, for your nomination in the post of the Chairperson of this important Body. We assure you our support and positive contribution.
4.144. We would like to extend a very warm welcome to the delegation of Qatar headed by His Excellency Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry.
4.145. We thank the Secretariat for its comprehensive report.
4.146. Being the largest exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas in the world, Qatar's trade policy is essentially focused on creating a modern and liberal economy. This is reflected in its promotion of investment (both domestic and foreign), its trade diversification programs at the regional and international levels and membership in several organizations.
4.147. Since Qatar’s last TPR in 2014, the global economy has been facing new challenges, in particular the spread of the COVID-19 around the world. Despite these challenges, Qatar’s economy has shown its resilience and ability to cope with these daunting circumstances due to the strength of its economic fundamentals. Qatar is to be commended for its large-scale monetary and fiscal stimulus to help protecting businesses and consumers facing the impact of COVID-19 and to support the economic activity.
4.148. According to the World Bank 2019 report, trade represents 90% of Qatar's GDP. Hydrocarbons represented over 85% of the country’s exports in 2019 (mainly natural gas, followed by crude and other oil products), while imports were led by manufactured products 78.6%.
4.149. The Arab Group praises Qatar for its National Vision 2030 and for its ambitious Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022 and trusts that all these hard efforts will contribute to further diversifying the Qatari economy, promoting a larger private sector and achieving sustainable economic development for the direct benefit of its population.
4.150. The Arab Group welcomes the efforts of Qatar in sustaining macroeconomic stability and pursuing an open and transparent business environment and investment regime. The World Bank's Doing Business 2020 report shows that Qatar ranked 77 out of 190 economies.
4.151. To conclude, Qatar proved its commitment to support the world trading system and the WTO and demonstrated its desire to continue to play an active role in the promotion of free and open trade.
4.152. In this regard, the Arab Group appreciates the active role of H. E. Mr. Ali Al Mansouri Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Qatar to the UN, WTO and other International Organizations in Geneva and his experts in WTO negotiations.
4.153. We wish Qatar a very successful Trade Policy Review.
INDONESIA
4.154. First of all, I would like to extend a very warm welcome to Qatar’s delegation led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry. Let me also thank the discussant, H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan from Singapore for his contribution to this Review, as well as to the Government of Qatar and the Secretariat for their insightful and comprehensive reports. Secondly, I would like to congratulate H.E. Ambassador Dr Athaliah Lesiba Molokomme as the newly elected Chair.
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4.155. Indonesia and Qatar have a long history of friendship and cooperation. With nearly 45 years of diplomatic engagements, the two countries’ relationship has been progressing well, but there is still much room for improvement to strengthen the relationship. Between 2014 and 2020, the total bilateral trade showed a dynamic trend and reached USD 895.11 million in 2020, decreased by 19.7% from the previous year that reached USD 1.115 billion.
4.156. During the review period, Qatar experienced several economic shocks. The first shock began in 2014, as declining oil prices had a knock-on effect on the price of natural gas, Qatar's main export and source of government revenue. The second and most recent worldwide shock, the COVID-19 pandemic, also affected Qatar. Supported by Qatar’s economic position as one of the largest gas producers in the world, Qatar has been able to demonstrate its success in overcoming those shocks and continues to develop Qatar National Vision 2030 program, particularly in the fields of food security, energy, renewable energy, the issuance of new investment policies, and economic diversification.
4.157. Indonesia commends Qatar for its success in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic through strict quarantine measures which caused many businesses to close temporarily or operated with reduced capacity during 2020. Qatar is also considered ready to recover its economic thanks to economic policies, including a QAR (Qatari Riyals) 75 billion stimulus package for the private sector, capital injections in the stock market, and additional liquidity to the banking sector to facilitate new lending and the postponement of loan repayments.
4.158. The Qatar National Vision 2030 aims to transform Qatar into an advanced country by 2030, capable of sustaining its development and providing a high standard of living for its population and future generations. Qatar seeks to develop an economy that is diversified and therefore less dependent on hydrocarbons. These objectives are achieved through the four interconnected pillars: human development, social development, economic development and environmental development. Those pillars provide a significant cooperation opportunity between Qatar and Indonesia. The efforts to synergize Qatar’s National Vision 2030 and Indonesia’s Vision 2045 can be encouraged as a joint effort to strengthen bilateral cooperation.
4.159. In terms of bilateral relation, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in delays in Qatar's bilateral cooperation with Indonesia. Plans for various investment projects in the tourism sector, strategic industries, energy, and others had to be postponed. Indonesia believes that as the situation improves, both countries will be able to implement the deferred plans.
4.160. Indonesia has submitted a set of questions, covering policies and measures of our interests, some of the questions including Qatar’s halal certification procedures. Indonesia is interested in expanding its market and obtaining a greater market share in the halal industry. We also submitted questions about import prohibition policy where we seek clarification on whether the Government of Qatar prohibits the importation of nutmeg and the rationale behind such approach. Other issues that we also raised in our written submission were regarding preferential tariffs, investment regime particularly on e-commerce, standards and technical requirements as well as other measures which we think are excessive and could deter imports.
4.161. In conclusion, Indonesia believes that this TPR could address our concerns as well as enhance trade and economic cooperation between Indonesia and Qatar. We appreciate the responses provided by Qatar to our written questions and will consider them carefully. On behalf of Indonesia, I wish Qatar a very productive and successful Review.
CHINA
4.162. China welcomes the delegation of Qatar, led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry, to this Trade Policy Review and would express appreciations to Ambassador Tan for his enlightening discussant insights. My thanks also go to the Chair and to the Secretariat’s efforts and contributions to make this Review happen.
4.163. China and Qatar are strategic partners. Over the past three-plus decades since the establishment of bilateral ties, Sino-Qatar exchanges and cooperation have grown across the board and yielded tangible outcomes. The two sides signed agreements on trade, investment protection,
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- 25 - avoidance of double taxation, etc. In the review period, the two sides continued to enhance trade and investment relations in spite of various shocks Qatar has gone through.
4.164. The two countries have enjoyed a steady growth in terms of bilateral trade volumes prior to the pandemic. Notably, in 2018, according to our statistics, the two sides embraced a sharp increase of 43.9% of import and export, with the total trade values being USD 11.62 billion. We imported 9.14 and exported 2.48 among them. Even with the development of the COVID-19, the two sides only saw a minor decrease of bilateral trade of less than 4%. I am sure, with four “C”s - confidence, consolidation, collaboration and cooperation – that the two sides will have further already-good cooperation in ending the pandemic and achieving economic recovery.
4.165. Coming to the multilateral front, China commends Qatar’s deepened engagement in the multilateral trading system and in the WTO activities. Particularly, in 2016, Qatar deposited its instrument of acceptance of the 2005 Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement, and in June 2017 it ratified the TFA. All provisions in Section 1 of the TFA, except for Article 7.7, were designated as Category A commitments.
4.166. It is also applaudable that Qatar continues to improve its trade and investment environment by various means, including the launch of the e-government portal, the legal portal, and the e-commerce portal; restructuring the ministries and agencies related to trade and investment; and amending and revising legislation on foreign direct investment. The law on FDI was repealed and replaced by Law No. 1 of 2019, which allows foreign ownership of up to 100% (up from 49%) in almost all economic sectors.
4.167. Nevertheless, up to now, the lack of implementing provision makes the effects of the new law unknown. WTO Members are still waiting and watching as we need information and specific cases in the real implementation process of the new law. We encourage Qatar to share more in this regard.
4.168. We recognize Qatar’s vision to pursue economic diversification in the coming decade. As stated in the Government report, Qatar’s economy continued to diversify away from oil and gas with the proportion of non-mining and quarrying activities going from 44% of GDP in 2014 Q1 (measured in nominal terms) to 66% in 2020 Q1. Further, services is a sector that can help. The services sector accounted for 42% of GDP, employing 43.9% of the total workforce in 2019.
4.169. However, Qatari Government departments and SOEs currently only accept letters of guarantee from banks registered with the Qatar Central Bank, not those with the Qatar Financial Center. Further, complains indicated that, when participating in bidding for government projects, there are, in some cases, the requirements of local content like local suppliers or local products, or favorable treatment to local companies. It happens either under written provisions or in real practices. We hope Qatar has the plan to take measures, resolving such issues to make the economy more transparent, open, diversified and sustained.
4.170. For the purpose of this Review, China has submitted questions to the Qatar and looks forward to Qatar’s early responses.
4.171. Finally, we wish this Trade Policy Review a great success.
THE SEPARATE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF TAIWAN, PENGHU, KINMEN AND MATSU
4.172. On behalf of the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, we would like to congratulate on your appointment as the TPRB Chairperson, you have our full support on this important work. Now, let me extend our warm welcome to the delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari for its third Trade Policy Review. I would also thank the discussant H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan (Singapore) for his insightful remarks, and the WTO Secretariat for its comprehensive report.
4.173. My delegation is pleased to note that Qatar's economy has adjusted successfully to the dual shocks of lower oil prices (2014) and the diplomatic rift (2017), assisted by a prudent fiscal policy, an appropriate monetary anchor, sound financial regulation and supervision frameworks, and considerable buffers. We also note Qatar’s cognizance of effects caused by COVID-19 in 2020 on its
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- 26 - economy, and took various relief and related trade measures to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. We recognize that Qatar ratified the WTO Agreement on Trade Facilitation on 12 June 2017. We also note that a new FDI law - which permits foreign ownership of up to 100% in most economic sectors (up from 49% for most sectors under the repealed law) - has entered into force since 7 January 2019. We commend Qatar on its successful economic performance over the past few years.
4.174. As the Secretariat’s report confirms, the trade policies of Qatar are guided by the rules-based multilateral trading system. Qatar grants most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment to all its trading partners. Since its previous Review (2014), Qatar has made notifications to the WTO in a number of areas. In particular, it made 62 regular notifications under Article 7 of the SPS Agreement, and 192 notifications under Article 2.9 of the TBT Agreement. This shows its recognition of the crucial importance of transparency. However, we also note that a number of notifications require updating or renewal, including those concerning agriculture (domestic support and export subsidies), import licensing procedures, quantitative restrictions, customs valuation, subsidies, state-trading enterprises, and GATS.
4.175. We encourage Qatar to complete fulfilling its notification obligations and wish Qatar a successful Review.
INDIA
4.176. At the outset, I would like to congratulate you on assuming the Chairmanship of the TPRB and my delegation would like to pledge our full support to the TPRB work during your Chairmanship. My delegation is pleased to participate in the 3rd Trade Policy Review of Qatar. On behalf of India, I would like to welcome the delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry and the delegation of Qatar to the WTO in Geneva led by its Ambassador and Permanent Representative H.E. Mr Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri and his team for the TPR. We thank H.E. the Minister for his comprehensive opening statement, Ambassador H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan of Singapore, for his insightful observations as a discussant, and the Secretariat and the Government of Qatar for the reports prepared for the Review.
4.177. We note from the Secretariat’s report that despite the multiple shocks/setbacks witnessed during the review period, Qatar has shown resilience. We are happy to note that Qatar has continued to improve its trade and investment environment through enhanced transparency, reforms in the areas of foreign investment, IPR protection and anti-money laundering measures. We are also pleased to note Qatar’s commitment to the multilateral trading system and its active participation in WTO activities. We welcome Qatar’s full implementation of the obligations under the Trade Facilitation Agreement, as well as its regular notifications to the WTO.
4.178. India has a long history of friendly relations with Qatar marked by commercial ties and extensive people to people contacts. The strong and vibrant Indian community has acted as a catalyst for enhanced ties across the spectrum of bilateral relations. There is a growing synergy in the hydrocarbon and other sectors. A number of steps have been taken recently to further strengthen and expand bilateral relations. These include exchange of high-level visits, cooperation in multilateral institutions and regular political consultations.
4.179. India and Qatar enjoy strong economic relations as well. Cooperation in the hydrocarbon sector dominates the relationship, with Qatar being the largest supplier of LNG to India. Bilateral trade for the year 2020 has been in the range of USD 9.37 billion. There was a decrease in bilateral trade by 13%, compared to 2019, however, we remain optimistic about trade fallowing the positive growth trajectory in the current year. In 2020, Qatar’s exports to India was about USD 8.12 billion and our exports to Qatar was about USD 1.25 billion.
4.180. The volume of bilateral trade has increased in recent years significantly, facilitated by the opening of direct shipping lines linking Indian ports with Qatar. Further, liberalization of visa regulations, changes introduced to Company Law, labour reforms, the new free zone regulations and the proposed Permanent Residency scheme for longstanding foreign residents, are some of the positive developments that has offered new impetus and avenues for expanded cooperation between the two countries.
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4.181. Following a comprehensive review of bilateral relations by our Prime Minister Modi and the Amir of Qatar H.H. Sheikh Tamim in December 2020, a special task force on investments to facilitate investment flows has been set up. Similarly, a special task force on energy has been constituted to facilitate investments by Qatar in the energy value-chain in India.
4.182. Indian investments in Qatar are expanding. There are over 6000 big and small Indian companies operating in Qatar, in the areas of infrastructure, communications, information technology, energy, baking and financial services and environmental technologies. Qatari investments in India, which is mostly in the realm of Portfolio Investments in India’s stock market and estimated at around USD 1.1 billion, is gradually shifting towards more direct investments. In this regard, we welcome the interest of Qatari Investment Funds to invest in India’s growing economy, infrastructure and consumer markets.
4.183. India remains committed to expanding the bilateral cooperation with our friendly partner Qatar and in that regard, we welcome the vision envisaged by both Governments to open up new avenues for trade and investments, through the bilateral Joint Working Group on Trade and Investments. The interest of the private sectors in both our countries to engage more is also high, as seen through the intensified exchange of commercial delegations between the two countries in recent years.
4.184. Before I conclude I wish to acknowledge the importance of Qatar at the WTO. India looks forward to working closely with them, both bilaterally and at the multilateral fora, including here at the WTO. I wish our friends from Qatar a productive and successful TPR.
TAJIKISTAN
4.185. Tajikistan is pleased to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of Qatar and would like to extend warm welcome to entire delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry.
4.186. Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the State of Qatar were established on 13 December 1994, and, in November 2012, the Embassy of the State of Qatar started functioning in Tajikistan. The Republic of Tajikistan opened its Embassy in the State of Qatar in December 2012.
4.187. The official visits of the Founder of Peace and National Unity, Leader of the Nation, President of the Republic of Tajikistan H.E. Emomali Rahmon to the State of Qatar on 6-7 May 2007 and 5-6 February 2017 laid the foundation and considered as an important stages in the bilateral relations between the two countries. The legal and treaty basis of the relations between the two countries consists of economic, trade, technical, legal, investment and other agreements.
4.188. In August 2007, the Emir of the State of Qatar, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, paid an official visit to the Republic of Tajikistan. Within this visit the both sides agreed to develop and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation on various fields.
4.189. The State of Qatar is the first Arab country to invest in Tajikistan with total investment of up to USD 300 million for the construction of a residential and commercial complex "Dieri Dushanbe" and the largest mosque in Central Asia.
4.190. The priority areas of cooperation between Tajikistan and Qatar include, but are not limited to construction of hydropower plants and power transmission lines, deep processing of agricultural products, raw cotton, mining industry, the creation of joint ventures for the exploration and production of minerals, tourism, etc.
4.191. We appreciate the efforts of Qatar and the Secretariat in producing the reports circulated well ahead of the meeting and the discussant, Ambassador of Singapore H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan for his comments. The Reports provide comprehensive details on the developments of the Qatar’s economic and trade policy since its previous Review.
4.192. The Republic of Tajikistan commends the State of Qatar for all that it has since achieved. Important steps have been taken to integrate its economy into the global trading system.
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4.193. We welcome the efforts of Qatar particularly the national programmes that remain the fundamental policy framework for the country's strategic socioeconomic and human development, including Qatar National Vision 2030 and Qatar Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022. Construction of infrastructure for the staging of the FIFA World Cup 2022 was a major economic stimulus.
4.194. My delegation acknowledges the measures taken by Government of Qatar towards economic and trade policies to maintain a generally open trade regime. Since 2014, GDP growth was mainly sustained by non-mining and quarrying activities with an average quarterly rate of 4.1% whilst mining and quarrying activities contracted at a 1.1% rate during the same period. Per capita GDP amounted to USD 62,800 in 2019.
4.195. Qatar is actively engaged in WTO activities and is strongly committed to the multilateral trading system. In 2016, it deposited its instrument of acceptance of the 2005 Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement, and in June 2017 it ratified the TFA.
4.196. To conclude, the Republic of Tajikistan commends the hard work and strong commitment and wishes Qatar a very successful and productive Trade Policy Review.
KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN ON BEHALF OF THE GCC GROUP
4.197. We are delighted to participate in the third Trade Policy Review of the State of Qatar, and would like to warmly welcome H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry and H.E. Mr. Ali Al-Mansoori, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Qatar to the UN, WTO and other International Organizations in Geneva.
4.198. We would also like to thank the WTO Secretariat for their efforts in preparing the detailed report.
4.199. We are delighted to see all the positive transformations and economic growth mentioned in both reports. This, of course, comes after the global economy has faced many challenges during the review period, to which the State of Qatar has commendably responded by implementing significant changes and placing trade policy at the centre of its overall policy response.
4.200. We are pleased that the report shows the various efforts undertaken by the State of Qatar, under its National Vision 2030 and Second National Development Strategy initiatives, in advancing the country's economic development and diversification agenda – including, among other things, through notable efforts to diversify its economy away from oil and gas.
4.201. Furthermore, it is worth commending the significant changes taken with regards to the State of Qatar’s labour and immigration laws which have greatly improved the conditions of expat workers in Qatar.
4.202. Looking forward, we view great interest and opportunity in investment in the State of Qatar and its potential for attracting foreign direct investment to our region. As the report shows, the State of Qatar undertook significant measures to attract foreign investment during the review period, including through the expansion of its foreign investment regime to enhance foreign participation and bring transparency and predictability to its existing procedures, as well as through the establishment of the government's main foreign investment promotion agency – the IPA.
4.203. I cannot conclude this statement without highlighting the State of Qatar’s role as a long standing and strong supporter of the WTO and the multilateral trading system. During the period under review, the State of Qatar deepened its active participation at the WTO on many fronts including discussion groups, negotiations and dispute settlement – thereby attesting to its full support and belief in the effectiveness of an open and rules-based multilateral trading system in contributing to global economic development and prosperity.
4.204. Finally, we would like to wish the State of Qatar every success in its Trade Policy Review.
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NEPAL
4.205. Thank you Chair for giving me the floor. First, my delegation would like to welcome the delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry, and appreciate him for the comprehensive opening remarks.
4.206. My delegation thanks H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador/PR of Singapore for his insightful remarks as a discussant.
4.207. Let me congratulate the Government of Qatar for its comprehensive report and commend the Secretariat for the detailed report of the Trade Policy Review of Qatar.
4.208. We appreciate Qatar’s continuous commitment to rule-based, just and predictable multilateral trading system and its contribution.
4.209. Expeditious efforts of implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement, various notifications under different agreements of the WTO, and other initiatives indicate such commitment and contribution.
4.210. While going through the reports, it is evident that Qatar has taken wide range initiatives to improve its trade and investment regime.
4.211. Amendment to legislation on free zones, foreign direct investment, intellectual property rights, anti-money laundering, incentive schemes and income tax, adoption of public-private partnership law, increasing transparency through launch of e-government and e-commerce portal, restructuring the ministries and agencies related to trade and investment, and opening trade offices in the capital cities of key trading partners, among others are highly commendable.
4.212. Qatar National Vision 2030 seems to become a fundamental policy framework for the country's strategic socioeconomic and human development which provides guiding principles for all policy initiatives, including trade and economic diversification in the coming decade.
4.213. My delegation is pleased to mention that Qatar’s per capita GDP amounted to USD 62,800 in 2019 which is a remarkable progress in economic development of the country.
4.214. A huge number of foreign workers constituting approximately 95% of the economically active population in the country is also an important aspect to note where Nepali workers have contributed at a significant level.
4.215. Passing through three economic shocks including the COVID-19 pandemic during the review period was not easy for Qatar, but it handled the situation effectively and took initiatives towards more diversified economies in future with several mitigation measures as reflected in the reports.
4.216. Nepal sincerely appreciates the massive reforms carried out in the area of workers’ rights and working environment through legislative and institutional reforms, supportive programs and others including protection of migrant workers.
4.217. The monitoring mechanism, establishment of Qatar Visa Centres, awareness of workers’ rights through different means, collaboration with the countries of origin, launching of the Best Communication Initiative, occupational safety and health, compensation for work-related injuries, health care and decent housing, and workers' welfare programme, among others are some notable reforms.
4.218. Nepali migrant workers have hugely benefitted from these reforms.
4.219. Nepal and the State of Qatar have been enjoying cordial relations since the establishment of diplomatic relation in 1977.
4.220. Our bilateral relations are based on mutual trust, respect, goodwill, friendship, understanding and cooperation.
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4.221. Exchanges of high-level visits from both sides including a visit of Nepal’s President in Qatar and a visit by Qatar’s Minister for labour and social affairs in Nepal have further contributed to deepening our economic and cultural ties.
4.222. Nepal and the State of Qatar have modest level of bilateral trade. The 2015 earthquakes in Nepal contracted the ongoing trade relations. However, trade is gaining momentum back in the recent years.
4.223. Nepal’s major export items to Qatar include carpets, footwears, spices, W&G cotton jacket; garlic; green tea; cotton sacks and bags; yarn and man-made staple fibers; vegetables; and coffee; whereas Nepal imports polyethylene; gold and jewellery of gold, including parts; colour radio broadcast receivers; unwrought; blankets and travelling rugs; copper and articles thereof; electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof; iron and steel from Qatar.
4.224. People to people relations have grown steadily after the arrival of Nepali workers in Qatar. Qatar has been one of the popular destinations among Nepali migrant workers over the past two decades.
4.225. Various bilateral mechanisms such as Agreement on Economic, Commercial and Technical Cooperation, Bilateral Air Service Agreement, MoU on Tourism Cooperation, Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation, and opening an office by Qatar’s bank in Nepal, among others have further contributed to enhancing our relation and harness mutual benefits.
4.226. Nepal has been one of the nearest and affordable tourism destinations not only for Qataris but also for the large expatriate community residing in Qatar.
4.227. Qatar is the first country to sign a labour agreement with Nepal with a view to protecting and promoting the interests of the Nepali workers in the State of Qatar and regulating the supply of Nepali human resources to Qatar.
4.228. Despite coming from a different social, geographical and religious as well as cultural environment, Nepalis have been welcomed by the Qatari people very much due to their dedication to work, loyalty, sincerity and integrity.
4.229. Nepali community is one of the largest communities in Qatar.
4.230. Both the countries have huge possibility of enhancing economic relation through partnership mainly in production of organic agriculture products in Nepal and bringing to the Qatari market, investment in manufacturing, tourism and infrastructure development in Nepal, among others for mutual economic benefits.
4.231. My delegation wishes for a successful Trade Policy Review of State of Qatar.
KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
4.232. The Kyrgyz Republic welcomes the delegation of Qatar led by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari. We thank the WTO Secretariat and the Government of Qatar for preparing such comprehensive and detailed trade policy review reports. We would also like to thank the discussant, H.E. Mr. Hung Seng Tan (Singapore) for the insightful comments.
4.233. Since the beginning of its membership to the WTO Qatar has demonstrated the highest dedication to the WTO rules and as it has been said at the last TPR of 2014 has convincingly shown its commitment to trade liberalization under the multilateral trading system centered on the WTO continuously.
4.234. Among many other successful steps on the WTO platform are acceptance of Trade Facilitation Agreement and Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement. Qatar is also the member of the Information Technology Agreement.
4.235. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the State of Qatar on 3 March 1998, the two States have carried out and developed political and economic
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- 31 - dialogue through diplomatic missions in the cities of Bishkek and Doha. The parties exchanged delegations of various levels, meetings of officials were held within the framework of participation in multilateral cooperation through the organizations such as the WTO, the United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, international conferences, etc.
4.236. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in cooperation between our countries. The cycle of the visits of the high officials in different spheres laid to the foundation of fruitful and mutually beneficial cooperation.
4.237. In 2016, the Joint Kyrgyz-Qatari Intergovernmental Commission on Economic, Trade and Technical Cooperation was established. The first meeting of the intergovernmental commission was held on 14 March 2017 in Doha, during which the parties discussed the volumes of trade and investment, stressed the importance of expanding trade and economic relations between the two countries. The parties also highlighted the need to intensify and develop investment cooperation, the implementation of regular meetings between representatives of the private sector in both countries, as well as the exchange of delegations of entrepreneurs and the organization of trade and exhibition fairs. An agreement was reached to continue cooperation in the field of investment and to encourage the exchange of existing investment opportunities and related information to study their profitability. As results of the first meeting of the Commission, a Protocol was signed, which enshrined agreements on the development of cooperation in the spheres of trade and economy, investment, agriculture, healthcare, transport, education and culture.
4.238. A significant event in efforts to further expand Kyrgyz-Qatari trade-economic and investment relations was the Trade and Economic Mission of the Kyrgyz Republic to Doha in April 2017. As a result, agreements on the supply of honey, dried fruits and water were concluded, as well as on the research of the prospect of exporting meat products by the Kyrgyz Republic.
4.239. Confirming its commitment to the development of trade and economic cooperation with the State of Qatar, the Kyrgyz Republic expresses its readiness to hold the second meeting of the intergovernmental Kyrgyz-Qatari Commission on economic, Trade and technical cooperation in the second half of 2021.
4.240. Our countries have established beneficial mutual trade. The dynamics of trade turnover from 2017 to 2019 demonstrates the positive tendency.
4.241. Kyrgyzstan's exports from Qatar rose by 48% for the period between 2017 and 2019.
4.242. Exports from Kyrgyzstan to Qatar today consist of dried fruits, bean, honey, nuts, woods, paintings and others.
4.243. The Kyrgyz Republic expresses interest in increasing the export of agricultural products to Qatar.
4.244. In terms of services, it is worth to note that tourism has the potential to increase its share of trade in services.
4.245. The Kyrgyz Republic is interested on further fruitful economic cooperation and deepening trade-economic relations with Qatar.
4.246. The Kyrgyz Republic wishes a successful third Trade Policy Review to Qatar.
HONDURAS
4.247. We should like to take this opportunity to congratulate you, Madam Chair. Please be assured of our support and we wish you every success. On behalf of the Republic of Honduras, we welcome and congratulate the authorities of the State of Qatar on the occasion of its third Trade Policy Review.
4.248. We extend a warm welcome to the distinguished delegation, led by Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Industry and Trade, and extend our greetings to our colleagues from the Permanent Mission of Qatar to the WTO in Geneva.
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4.249. We should like to thank the discussant for the informative analysis, the WTO Secretariat, for the quality of the report content, and to the authorities of Qatar for their document presenting their policies.
4.250. With regard to our bilateral relations, in 2014, the Permanent Representative of Honduras to the United Nations (UN) and his counterpart from Qatar, signed a joint communiqué in New York on the establishment of diplomatic relations and shared the desire to support one another in efforts to address the challenge of climate change and to step up cooperation and investment, particularly in respect of energy and the environment, among other matters.
4.251. With regard to the examined reports, we note that, since the last Trade Policy Review, Qatar has continued to take important steps to increase its participation in the multilateral trading system, while honouring its WTO obligations and commitments.
4.252. On examining the reports, we note that Qatar's economy continued to diversify and reduce its dependence on gas and oil, and the share of non-mining and quarrying activities rose from 44% of GDP in the first quarter of 2014 to 66% in the first quarter of 2020. We also note that per capita GDP amounted to USD 62,800 in 2019.
4.253. We appreciate that Qatar has undertaken a series of reforms to improve business regulations, which, according to the World Bank's report, Doing Business 2020, made it one of the top 20 drivers of improvements in the global business environment.
4.254. In addition, Qatar has the world's third largest natural gas reserve and ranked 30th out of 180 economies in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and 66th out of 190 economies in the United Nations E-Government Survey.
4.255. The reports also indicates that, in 2019, Qatar ranked 65th out of 129 economies in the Global Innovation Index (GII), and highlights the collaboration in the field of research between universities and industry, imports of ICT services, software spending, and the manufacture of medium and high-technology products, among others.
4.256. According to the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, in 2019, Qatar ranked 51st out of 140 countries and occupied second place among the economies of the Middle East. It also points to business events, including meetings, incentives, congresses and exhibitions, as one of the tourism industry's most important subsectors.
4.257. Lastly, our country congratulates Qatar on its significant achievements and efforts during the review period and wishes it every success.
TUNISIA
4.258. Congratulations on your recent appointment as Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body. We wish you every success in chairing this Body that is of considerable importance to the WTO. You make our continent proud, dear sister.
4.259. Allow me also to congratulate H.E. Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Trade and Industry of Qatar and the delegation accompanying him from Doha to Geneva, for providing an overview and analysis offering a precise picture of the country's economic and trade policy situation.
4.260. I should also like to congratulate the Secretariat for the comprehensive report it has submitted for this Review. We would like to thank the discussant, Ambassador of Singapore, Tan Hung Seng, for his insightful remarks.
4.261. My delegation wishes to commend Qatar for its considerable efforts to pursue its policy of economic and trade liberalization by further opening up its economy, simplifying foreign trade procedures, creating an environment conducive to investment development and expanding and diversifying its trade and economic relations with its main partners.
4.262. Since its last Trade Policy Review, Qatar has continued its significant economic, human and social transformations. By investing in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), of which it is now the leading
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- 33 - exporter, the country has made use of its wealth of hydrocarbon reserves and has developed world- class infrastructure (ports, airports, road network) and efficient supporting structures, thereby responding to the needs of foreign companies wishing to set up in Qatar and encouraging local and international investment.
4.263. Furthermore, by relying on a modern and efficient banking system and deploying its strong financial reserves, the Government of Qatar has successfully shored up economic activity and coped with crises and declining oil profitability. The authorities of Qatar have effectively seized opportunities to reform the economy, accelerate independence and increase the country's attractiveness. The Government has also continued to invest enough to achieve the ambitious targets set by virtue of its hosting of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, and in its Qatar National Vision 2030, which seeks to diversify the income sources of Qatar’s economy.
4.264. The ties between Tunisia and Qatar are an example of successful and developed bilateral relations. Qatar thus maintains its position as one of the most important investors in Tunisia and is involved in economic and social development projects.
4.265. Tunisia attaches great importance to the development of secular cooperation relations between our countries and our high-level of coordination reflects our firm determination to strengthen and consolidate this cooperation in all areas.
4.266. Finally, I would like to congratulate H.E. Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Qatar to the United Nations, and other International Organizations in Geneva, as well as his team for their commitment to the WTO and their support for a fair and efficient multilateral trading system.
4.267. We would therefore like to support Qatar's efforts and wish it every success with its Trade Policy Review
BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
4.268. The delegation of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela wishes to extend warm greetings to the delegation of the State of Qatar, headed by the Minister of Trade and Industry, Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, and to thank the discussant, Ambassador of Singapore, Mr Tan Hung Seng, for the analysis setting the context for us and the Secretariat for the organization and documentation.
4.269. We should like to begin by highlighting the ties of fraternity and trade cooperation that unite us with the State of Qatar. It should be noted that our two countries have bilateral cooperation relations in the areas of agriculture and technology that aim to strengthen the country's production chains in crops, such as maize, wheat, sugar cane, pulses, coffee, cocoa and rice. We have also developed legal and academic partnerships through knowledge-sharing in legal and educational skills.
4.270. As regards the report by the WTO Secretariat for the third Trade Policy Review of the State of Qatar covering the period 2014-2020, we note many positive points that demonstrate its commitment to fulfilling its WTO obligations by implementing best practices in all areas of international trade management.
4.271. Despite the three difficulties experienced by the country, including the decline in natural gas prices in 2014, the diplomatic conflict in 2017 and the current consequences of COVID-19, Qatar continues to promote transparency in trade and has implemented more trade facilitation measures, including the ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement in 2017 and the new investment law.
4.272. We wish the State of Qatar a successful Trade Policy Review, and should like to conclude our statement by reaffirming our ties, as well as the shared commitment to the establishment of a strong, solidarity-based, fair and predictable multilateral trading system based on common and transparent rules.
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PAKISTAN
4.273. Pakistan warmly welcomes the delegation of Qatar, led by His Excellency Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry, at this Trade Policy Review.
4.274. We would also like to extend our gratitude to His Excellency Mr. Hung Seng Tan, Ambassador of Singapore, for his introduction and analysis, as discussant. We also appreciate the Secretariat for their professional work undertaken for this Review.
4.275. The Islamic Republic of Pakistan commends the State of Qatar for its various policies and initiatives during the review period in the context of diversification of Qatar’s economy, expansion of Qatar's trade markets and routes, implementation of trade facilitation measures, and continuing to complement the multilateral trading system through regional and bilateral cooperation agreements, amongst other initiatives. Qatar’s full compliance with its obligations under the TFA is also praiseworthy. We also note the formulation of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV 2030), which provides fundamental policy framework for the country's trade and strategic socioeconomic and human development and sets Qatar's long-term human, social and economic development goals. Pakistan also appreciates the commitment shown by Qatar to contribute to climate conservation through the ratification of the 2015 Paris Agreement, and its several other commitments towards reducing the world's carbon footprint.
4.276. Pakistan places considerable importance on its relations with Qatar, which are based on bilateral friendship and strong foundations of common faith and culture. Both countries are cooperating on multiple fronts, including defence, food, and agriculture, amongst other industries. These ties can be strengthened through enhanced bilateral economic cooperation.
4.277. Around 150000 Pakistani nationals are working in Qatar in various fields. Their remittances are a major contribution and a source of revenue for Pakistan’s economy. Pakistan welcomes and appreciates the plans of the Government of Qatar of increasing employment opportunities for Pakistani workers, from the current number of 150000 to 300000; benefitting from the FIFA World Cup scheduled to be held in Qatar in 2022. Pakistan also appreciates various efforts made by Qatar to protect expatriate workers from forced labour and establishment of Qatar Visa Centres (QVC) for facilitating visa procedures.
4.278. Qatar is one of the major trade partners of Pakistan and the bilateral trade volume is approximately USD 1.8 billion for the year 2019-20.
4.279. Pakistan’s exports of USD 138 million to Qatar are concentrated in the agriculture sector, which accounts for 56% of Pakistan’s total exports to Qatar. Articles of apparel are the second largest in terms of volume, accounting for 12.8% of the total exports to Qatar.
4.280. Pakistan’s imports of USD 1.68 billion from Qatar mostly consist of mineral products, with 89% share followed by plastics with 8% share of total imports from Qatar.
4.281. Volume of bilateral trade in services between Pakistan and Qatar is USD 282.68 million (2017-18). Exports of services amount to USD 85.79 million, while imports amount to USD 196.89 million. Pakistan’s top exports of services to Qatar are transportation services, followed by government services and telecommunication services. Likewise, Pakistan’s top services import from Qatar includes transportation, telecommunication services and government services.
4.282. There is an environment of mutual trade and investment cooperation between both countries. High-level delegations have met frequently and developed plans to expand this bilateral cooperation. The 5th session of Pak-Qatar Joint Ministerial Commission was held in November 2019 at Doha. Pakistan and Qatar also signed an MoU dated 22nd June 2019, establishing Pak-Qatar Joint Working Group on Trade and Investment. This is complemented by greater interaction between the private and business sectors of both countries. The inaugural meeting of the Qatar-Pakistan Joint Business Council was held on 14th August 2017, between the relevant Chambers of Commerce and Industry of both countries. Pakistan and Qatar also held their first Business Conference in Islamabad in July 2018 and Pakistan actively participated in the International Product Exhibition and Conference (IPEC), organized by Qatar in the same year. We look forward to maintaining the excellent and cordial bilateral relations with the State of Qatar.
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4.283. Pakistan also wishes to appreciate the State of Qatar for their contribution and constructive engagement at the WTO through their Permanent Mission. Pakistan and Qatar have worked together on many initiatives and look forward to continuing the collective support for the multilateral system.
4.284. In conclusion, we thank His Excellency, the Ambassador of Qatar, Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri, for his leadership and for the continued support and cooperation here in Geneva. We wish the State of Qatar a successful TPR.
MAURITIUS
4.285. Chair, we are delighted to see you presiding over the Trade Policy Review of Qatar. We assure you of our full support.
4.286. We warmly welcome the high-level delegation of Qatar led by H. E. Mr. Ahmad Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry.
4.287. We congratulate Qatar for pursuing its third Trade Policy despite the challenges of the pandemic.
4.288. We also thank the Secretariat for its report and H. E. Mr. Han Hung Seng, Ambassador of Singapore for the insightful perspectives he presented as discussant.
4.289. For those of us Chair, who were privileged to visit Doha, we know what an impressive country Qatar is. The conclusion of the Doha Development Round remains a highlight of the multilateral trading system even if we still need to complete the tasks we assigned ourselves in Doha. We remain confident that we will do so.
4.290. We commend the Qatar authorities for pursuing the implementation of the Qatar National Vision 2030. We acknowledge that this remains the country’s fundamental policy framework for strategic socioeconomic and human development. We also commend Qatar for its efforts on environmental issues.
4.291. It is true that when we think Qatar, we think LPG of which Qatar is one of the highest, if not the highest world exporter. We note however that Qatar is pursuing its vision 2030 and has continued diversification of the economy through a transparent investment regime.
4.292. While the pandemic has presented huge challenges to many countries in attracting foreign investment, Qatar has been able to review its investment regime so as to make it more attractive across all sectors including the measures relating to the special economic zones.
4.293. This has not been easy no doubt, but the COVID-19 pandemic has also shown us that clear policies and guidelines are important to address socioeconomic setbacks.
4.294. We are further pleased to note that Qatar has developed its Second National Development Strategy 2018-2022 whose objectives are aligned with the SDG goals.
4.295. Furthermore, as many tourist destinations are facing unprecedented challenges due to various measures put in place to deal with the pandemic, Qatar has, in fact, seen an increase in the number of visitors and it is even expected that the contribution of tourism will be around 7.9% of GDP by 2025.
4.296. We commend Qatar for its pro-active involvement in and commitment to the multilateral trading system, including the WTO. For instance, Qatar’s participation in joint statement initiatives at the WTO, in particular in the Structured Discussion on Investment Facilitation, is highly valued. We recognize here the Ambassador of Qatar, H.E. Mr. Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri.
4.297. Mauritius and Qatar have always held good bilateral relations and we look forward to consolidating these through the African Continental Free Trade Area which has become operational since 1st January of this year. We feel that a lot of opportunities will open up for Qatar to develop its trade ties with Africa. We look forward to working with them in that direction.
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4.298. Before concluding, I wish Qatar all the best for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. We are confident that once again we are going to experience a great event that will help boost our morale as we struggle out of the pandemic.
4.299. I wish the delegation of Qatar a successful Review.
JORDAN
4.300. First, we fully associate ourselves with the statement delivered by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on behalf of the Arab Group. Jordan would like to join other delegations in welcoming H.E Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry and his distinguished delegation, and to congratulate them for participation in this important exercise, as well as for the efforts of preparing Qatar’s report despite the challenges imposed by the pandemic.
4.301. We would like to thank the Secretariat for providing a comprehensive picture of the main developments in the Qatar’s economy and trade regime for the period under review. Our appreciation is also extended to the discussant, H.E Ambassador of Singapore, for his insightful and thorough remarks.
4.302. Qatar’s past Trade Policy Review is vital for understanding the progress under the current review. We’ve noticed that Qatar has made remarkable and commendable progress in its efforts to drive the economy to a comprehensive and sustainable development themes in the year of 2030.
4.303. Diversification of the economy and trade, digital transformation, are the main pillars in the National Development Strategy 2018–2022 as part of Qatar’s efforts to support the 2030 Vision that advances the sustainable development in the country. Qatar’s efforts in the implementation of its commitments under “Paris Agreement” is a cognizant of the growing national imperative to address environmental challenges.
4.304. Qatar has been embracing fundamental areas for successful trade and knowledge-based economy. The institutional and legal framework covers transparency procedures to enhance the economic activities competitiveness, these areas cover, but not limited to, IP protection, ensure better market competition, enhancement of e-commerce security under e-commerce guidelines published in 2018, investments sustainability measures, and export promotion and readiness under “Tasdeer” support program.
4.305. As a result, Qatar has witnessed an impressive economic performance over the period under review in quantitative indicators of progress and shown resilience, as well as still ranked in high positions in different global competitiveness reports.
4.306. We acknowledge Qatar’s endeavours to support the multilateral trading system to tackle the pandemic impacts on the global trade, as well as its efforts to amend the legal framework that governs cross border trade to comply with the national commitments to the provisions of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Jordan also welcomes Qatar’s participation in several initiatives with WTO Members to enhance digital trade, increase MSMEs competitiveness and reduce burden on services domestic regulations and investment related procedures.
4.307. On the bilateral side, the brotherly and historical relations that Jordan and Qatar enjoy are a symbol of a successful and fruitful partnership. Trade between Qatar and Jordan has witnessed a remarkable growth, as both countries acknowledge that trade is one of the main means of development and to cope with the potentials available in both countries.
4.308. To conclude, Jordan commends Qatar on its achievements and on the relatively open trade and investment regime that reflects Qatar’s support to the multilateral trading system.
4.309. We wish them a very successful and constructive Review.
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CHAD
4.310. Madam Chair, we congratulate you on your appointment as Chair of the Trade Policy Review Body of the WTO. You can count on the support of Chad and the least developed countries (LDCs) group to accomplish your mission.
4.311. Chad welcomes the delegation of Qatar led by the Minister of Trade and Industry, and expresses its solidarity and congratulations on the occasion of Qatar’s third Trade Policy Review at the WTO. We also take the opportunity to congratulate Ambassador Tan Hung Seng, for his analytical work as discussant, and the WTO Secretariat for preparing its report. My delegation thanks and congratulates the Permanent Representative of Qatar in Geneva and his whole team for its very constructive role in preserving and consolidating the multilateral trading system.
4.312. Chad highly appreciates Qatar's commitment to supporting the efforts of the most vulnerable countries, to foster their development and integration into world trade in compliance with multilateral trade rules.
4.313. Chad's level of exports to Qatar is encouraging and is expected to be further stepped up to the benefit of both countries. Progress remains to be made so that we can export more to Qatar on the basis of the preference utilization rate. Qatar is an important partner with which Chad wishes to further strengthen its multi-faceted relations, particularly as regards trade. Chad appreciates Qatar's support for aid for trade, among other initiatives.
4.314. Chad welcomes Qatar's vision of multilateral trade rules and its determination to meet notification requirements.
4.315. We also commend Qatar's strategy for diversifying its economy, making it less dependent on oil resources and strengthening the private sector. The construction of infrastructure, including infrastructure for staging the 2022 FIFA World Cup, provided a major economic stimulus.
4.316. Chad welcomes Qatar's considerable efforts to significantly boost trade and the multilateral trading system. My delegation encourages Qatar to continue its efforts and wishes Qatar every success with its Trade Policy Review.
CHAD ON BEHALF OF THE LDC GROUP
4.317. Now, Madam Chair, in our capacity as coordinator of the LDC Group, we should like to thank Qatar for the assistance provided to LDCs, to improve their integration into world trade.
4.318. We welcome Qatar's response to the COVID-19 pandemic that has included temporary duty exemptions on food and medical products.
4.319. It may also be observed from Qatar's extensive and useful report that Qatar applies the Gulf Cooperation Council's common external tariff. Almost all tariff lines are subject to ad valorem duties. For the majority of lines, the duty is 5% (87.5% of all tariff lines).
4.320. LDCs attach paramount importance to full implementation of WTO decisions relating to duty free, quota free market access for LDCs. LDCs are States with significant structural constraints.
4.321. From this perspective, we would like to know whether Qatar intends to establish market access preferences in its trade policies for products from LDCs? Does Qatar plan to grant preferences to LCDs?
4.322. The LDC Group is also interested in Qatar's quite considerable experience as regards its electronic commerce (e-commerce) regime. The LDC Group remains open to further bilateral discussions with Qatar.
KINGDOM OF MOROCCO
4.323. Chair, thank you for your leadership and congratulations for the assumption of the presidency of this august Committee. At the outset, allow me to extend a very warm welcome to
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- 38 - the high-level delegation of Qatar, headed by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Ministry of Commerce and Industry. We commend the extraordinary efforts and dedication of H.E. Ambassador Al Mansouri in ensuring a successful Review. The Moroccan delegation wishes to thank both the Government of Qatar and the Secretariat for their comprehensive reports. We also thank H.E. Ambassador Tan Hung Seng from Singapore for the relevant comments.
4.324. Qatar has mentioned its distinguished economic growth in the past few years, topping the list of the highest developing countries in the world and, despite the global financial crisis that negatively affected most of the countries in the world, Qatar was able to develop strategic plans to exploit the natural resources and integrate a development program in the oil, gas and petrol chemical industry and its gas-to-liquid conversion.
4.325. We are delighted to see that Qatar has succeeded in diversifying its economy considerably, by launching huge infrastructure development projects.
4.326. The Kingdom of Morocco would like to congratulate Qatar for its National Vision 2030 and encourage it to continue its efforts to achieve the objectives contained in its 14th human, social, economic and environmental development. We also would express our support to the choice made by Qatar to align the Qatar National Vision 2030 with the goals and targets contained in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
4.327. Morocco would like to underscore the importance of the law on public-private partnership, which entered into force in 2020, aiming particularly to increase private sector participation in the economy and promote competition.
4.328. My delegation wishes to praise Qatar for its ambitious Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022, and welcomes the continued efforts made to further diversify the Qatar economy, promoting a large private sector and achieving sustainable economic development for the direct benefit of its population. We highly appreciate the amendments of Qatar’s investments regime to make it more attractive across all sectors, the efforts to improve the labour condition and laws.
4.329. We also acknowledge Qatar’s structural reform in different sectors, such as foreign direct investment, intellectual property rights, protection, anti-money laundering, taxes, free economic zones, partnership between public and private sector, competition, finance, e-commerce, and tourism.
4.330. Before concluding, and taking into account the excellent relationship between Morocco and Qatar, Morocco is looking forward to enhancing the economic relationship between our two countries.
4.331. We wish Qatar a very successful Trade Policy Review.
PANAMA
4.332. First of all, I wish to pay tribute to H.E. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Trade and Industry of Qatar, and H.E. Ali Khalfan Al Mansouri, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Qatar and the entire delegation of Qatar for their outstanding preparatory work. I would also like to welcome Ambassador Tan Hung Seng, discussant for this third Review, and thank the Secretariat for preparing the reports.
4.333. Panama places special emphasis on relations with Qatar. Under the bilateral agenda, we have important agreements in areas of common interest, which have grown tremendously over the past few years. We currently have agreements on investment promotion and protection, tax matters, cooperation and air services.
4.334. We welcome Qatar's participation in WTO activities and its strong commitment to the multilateral trading system, including by depositing its instrument of acceptance of the 2005 Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement and by implementing all its commitments through its ratification of the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA).
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4.335. We recognize Qatar's efforts to boost non-hydrocarbon exports through its export development agency and its continued interest in stepping up domestic and foreign investment by modernizing its legal framework.
4.336. We also note that the Qatar Development Bank offers a wide range of support to Qatar's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups, including credit guarantees, export financing, export insurance, direct loans and legal advisory services. This will give Qatar's small economies better access to external markets and improve their integration into the international economy.
4.337. We would like to stress the importance of Members submitting timely notifications to the WTO. In the case of Qatar, we hope that it will soon update notifications in agriculture, import licensing, subsidies, state-trading enterprises and the Trade in Services Agreement (TiSA).
4.338. The most recent event to have global repercussions, the COVID-19 pandemic, has also affected Qatar. In response, the country implemented a series of trade measures over a nine-month period in 2020. The authorities also included a stimulus package for the private sector. We thank Qatar for the trade-related information concerning COVID-19, listing trade measures taken in response to the crisis.
4.339. We remain attentive to the development of the discussion during this Review and I reiterate that Panama stands ready and willing to strengthen our cooperation with Qatar, with a view to promoting trade and investment between our countries. We wish Qatar every success in this third Trade Policy Review.
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5 REPLIES BY THE REPRESENTATIVE OF QATAR AND ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
5.1. Good morning, distinguished colleagues. Let me first begin by thanking the Trade Policy Review Body and its Chairperson, H.E. Ambassador Athaliah Molokomme, for their work in bringing Qatar's third TPR to a successful closure. Her leadership has allowed us to have a frank and open dialogue on Qatar's trade policies and, more generally, the key issues surrounding the multilateral trading system. We also appreciate the valuable and insightful comments from our esteemed discussant, H.E. Ambassador Tan Hung Seng. Last, and last, but certainly not least, we would like to take the time to recognize the important work done by the World Trade Organization Secretariat to ensure a fruitful outcome for everyone involved despite the very real limitations that the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose on all of us.
5.2. Being a small open economy that relies strategically on trade, Qatar deeply values the instrumental role that the WTO plays in the structure and workings of the multilateral trading system. As such, we welcome any transparent discussion with Members about our trade policy regime. Qatar views the WTO as one of the key pillars of engagement across the globe, something that, by itself, should motivate us all to continue to work together to preserve it as one of the core institutions of the world's international landscape.
5.3. To be perfectly transparent: being a small country creates challenges – this is undeniable – but it is also a blessing. Indeed, Qatar is in a unique position to mobilize resources to meet unexpected challenges much quicker and efficiently than most other bigger economies due, in part, to the role that trade plays in our economy. The Government's efforts during the challenges of 2017 and the COVID-19 pandemic are prime examples of this. A continued and committed engagement at the WTO will invariably support economic and social stability at home and, consistent with this, Qatar will continue to view trade policy as one of the keys to its economic development agenda.
5.4. As of today, we received over 300 questions, including those submitted to us on Monday. We submitted answers to all the initial questions and will be submitting answers to the follow-up questions in the next few days. We certainly encourage all delegations to review our answers as we will be happy to respond to all follow-up questions.
5.5. I would like to address some of the themes that were raised by the Members. To begin with, we were asked on the economic impact of the pandemic. As the pandemic is still ongoing, albeit with signs of progress through vaccination campaigns, we are yet to determine the final impact that it has had on our economy. Preliminary estimates for 2020 show that exports contracted by 29.4% whilst imports did the same by 11.5%. During this time, Gross Domestic Product contracted by 0.04%, 6.1% and 4.5% in the first three-quarters, respectively. Early indications suggest that the recovery has continued since the end of 2020.
5.6. Several Members raised questions regarding the role of trade policy in our economic development objectives as well as the scope of our trade policy. Qatar is indeed interested in forging trade relationships with any country as long as these do not breach international law and are mutually beneficial regardless of the origin and destination of the merchandise. For our part, doing so will deepen our strategic reserves, particularly in foodstuffs, and provide our consumers with greater choice and value.
5.7. Qatar has also continued to develop its trade-related institutions and capabilities. It established an investment promotion agency, called IPA Qatar, to streamline the Government's efforts to promote foreign investment in Qatar whilst establishing commercial attaché offices in some of our principal trading partners' capitals. Sector-wise, IPA's strategy is focused on tourism, advanced manufacturing and infrastructure, agriculture and technology development, having signed several Memorandums of Understanding with other promotion agencies.
5.8. Longer term, Qatar continues to update its economic and social development plans in order to make the necessary adjustments. The latest reviews reveal that whilst important gains have indeed been made in some areas such as economic diversification, others are yet to show the expected results. Nonetheless, our development drive has continued with the help of our vibrant expat community that up until the onset of the pandemic would remit around USD 11.8 billion back home. In fact, precisely in recognition of the valuable contribution that it continues to make, and that our future is undeniably linked to our expat community, the Government introduced a number of
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- 41 - significant changes to reform our labour and immigration laws. Through them, foreign workers in Qatar are provided the legal protection that they need and deserve, consistent with international standards.
5.9. Qatar shares the international community’s concerns on environmental protection and would thus like to share with Members some of the steps we have taken in this respect. Firstly, Qatar Petroleum has put in place a number of projects to reduce Qatar's carbon footprint, including the development of renewable energy production capabilities. Second, agricultural production in Qatar has been restricted to protect its water sources as have the importation of goods that could damage the environment. Our tourism development strategy now also includes the promotion of eco-friendly activities.
5.10. We noted with interest some of the comments made during the opening session on the prevailing conditions of Qatar's labour market. Qatar is of the view that a competitive labour market is a requisite to a diversified economy and, consistent with this, we have taken concrete and decisive steps to align it with international standards, both on the regulatory side as well as on the protection of workers' rights. Furthermore, we would like to take this opportunity to reconfirm that the kafala system was abolished in 2015 and that the new regime was further liberalized in 2018, a fact noted in both the Secretariat and the Government's report.
5.11. Another area of interest to Members was our foreign investment regime. In this area, I can report that Qatar has taken several steps to further open our domestic markets to foreign investors and create novel horizontal investment opportunities. Foreign ownership in real estate is now allowed in almost the entirety of Qatar's urban areas, including through real estate investment trusts, which can operate from Qatar Financial Centre. In general, investment in any of our financial markets is possible in partnership with a Qatari legal entity, regardless of the negotiated share of capital between the parties.
5.12. A public-private partnership regime was also enacted to provide private sector access to Qatar's infrastructure projects, both through direct investment as well as management. Through it, Qatar is looking forward to continuing its already successful relationship with foreign private investors. Another area of enhanced access is public procurement, where the legal framework was overhauled to introduce efficiency, competition and transparency. Dispute settlement procedures are also now guaranteed by law using international standards enshrined in our laws.
5.13. At the same time, we also take note of some Members' concerns. In particular, we are aware that some notifications will need to be updated, particularly on domestic support, customs procedures and trade facilitation, to mention a few areas. Moreover, Qatar provides both financial and non-financial support for the development of private sector companies and will continue to do so as it aims for a well-diversified economy, regardless of whether the companies are oriented to export activities or not. This support is provided through our institutional ecosystem and is available for any private sector Qatari legal entity. Foreign investors can access this support so long as it is done through a local company, regardless of the arrangement established between the parties.
5.14. Qatar would also like to make the point that the development of our domestic agricultural private sector is an integral part of our national food security strategy and, consequently, will continue to receive public sector support. At the same time, it is worth noting that agricultural production is still developing and for domestic consumption only.
5.15. Members also raised questions on procedural aspects regarding licensing in free zones, SPS requirements and the enforcement of IPRs in Qatar. The details of all the legal processes can be found in our legal website, Al Meezan, and in case any investor needs further support in any of these areas, we kindly refer them to our colleagues at IPA Qatar. They will take investors directly to the right person in Qatar and provide support where necessary.
5.16. As stated at the beginning, Qatar looks forward to an ongoing dialogue with Members on its trade and economic policies. We stand ready to tackle the very real difficulties that affect us all to establish the processes, policies and, ultimately, the agreements that can serve to avoid the scenario in which we fail to do what needs to be done.
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5.17. In closing, Your Excellency, Madam Chair, we would like to extend our deepest gratitude to His Excellency, Ambassador Ali Khalfan Al-Mansoori, Permanent Representative of Qatar to the UN, WTO and other International Organizations in Geneva, and his highly dedicated team for their support in bringing Qatar's third TPR to a successful conclusion. I also take this opportunity to commend our Doha-based WTO Team for all their efforts in this regard.
5.18. Finally, Qatar wishes to express its most sincere appreciation for the time given to answer questions from Members regarding its trade policies. We are confident that these will bring further transparency to the manner in which Qatar engages with the international community. To conclude, we wish the WTO and all its Members a successful Ministerial Conference this year, as Qatar is committed to strengthening the multilateral trading system. Thank you very much.
DISCUSSANT
5.19. Good morning, Excellencies, friends and colleagues. The 3rd Trade Policy Review (TPR) of Qatar, which attracted more than 270 questions from 17 Members, has been a constructive and fruitful exercise. This TPR has allowed us to deepen our understanding of Qatar's trade and investment policies, as well as take stock of significant developments since the last Review in 2014. This morning, I would like to share my observations by addressing three questions.
5.20. First, what are some of the key areas in which Qatar has done well in this year's TPR? On Tuesday, Members commended Qatar for successfully overcoming the economic shocks it faced over the last few years, diversifying its economy to reduce its reliance on the hydrocarbon sector, improving its business environment, taking steps to grow its foreign investment stock, and its continuous efforts to improve trade facilitation.
5.21. Notably, Qatar has relied on the rules-based multilateral trading system to respond to the challenges it faced over the last few years. As noted by Qatar's Minister of Commerce and Industry H.E. Mr Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari in his opening statement, "Qatar faced a number of difficult situations, some of them decidedly serious, that were overcome by placing trade policy at the core of our response. These experiences convinced us ever more deeply of the merits and the need for the multilateral trading system, particularly, in the mechanisms available to resolve trade-related disputes, provide quick policy responses to the private sector and continue to foster economic development through trade facilitation and investment promotion". Qatar's commitment and trust in the rules-based multilateral trading system is a testament to the fact that the WTO remains relevant despite the criticisms of sceptics.
5.22. Members have also commented positively on Qatar's efforts to make its foreign investment regulatory environment more attractive to foreign investors, particularly in knowledge-intensive sectors. To this end, Qatar amended its foreign investment law in 2019 to attract more foreign investors and enhance transparency and predictability in existing procedures. The new private-public partnership (PPP) law is also timely and will encourage more PPPs as government-funded construction of Qatar's major infrastructure projects will taper off with the approach of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
5.23. Second, what are some of the areas in which Qatar can do better, as highlighted by Members? Let me just focus on four key areas.
5.24. One, Members continue to be interested in Qatar's plans to further diversify its economy and its privatization roadmap. While Qatar has addressed these issues under its National Vision 2030 and its Second National Development Strategy 2018–2022, it would be helpful to consider setting out some concrete milestones for its privatization programmes.
5.25. Two, Members have encouraged Qatar to continue to improve its business environment. A few Members have suggested that Qatar could become an observer to the WTO's Government Procurement Agreement, and urged Qatar to continue making progress in the area of intellectual property rights (IPR), including through implementing its Copyright Law and acceding to relevant international treaties on trademarks.
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5.26. Three, as a strong supporter of the rules-based multilateral trading system, Qatar can continue to strengthen notifications and transparency, including by submitting outstanding notifications and providing more information on its customs procedures and import requirements.
5.27. Four, some Members have raised questions about Qatar's excise tax on goods considered harmful to human health and import requirements for certain agricultural products. As these issues have also been raised at various WTO Bodies, it would be helpful if Qatar could address these concerns expeditiously.
5.28. Third, what can Qatar do to be more prepared for the future? In his opening statement on Tuesday, Minister Al Kuwari said, and I quote "The fact that Qatar is an economy that imports most of what it consumes and exports most of what it produces means that trade policy plays a uniquely crucial role in our overall development strategy". This is a significant statement because it underlines the importance that Qatar attaches to upholding and strengthening the rules-based multilateral trading system. It also signals that Qatar is committed to ensure that supply chain connectivity is maintained so that future shocks to the system, whether man-made or natural, will not jeopardise its open economy.
5.29. Another important element in terms of preparing for the future is to innovate, make necessary changes and adapt to the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR). Given the nexus between innovation and the protection of intellectual property (IP) rights, it is heartening that Qatar has not only updated but strengthened enforcement of its IP legislation.
5.30. Another essential ingredient for a successful transition to a knowledge-based economy is to invest in developing and expanding skilled human capital. In this connection, it is commendable that Qatar has followed a two-pronged strategy – both by investing heavily in the development of home-grown human capital through its schools and universities, and by promoting investments in high-skilled areas such as advanced manufacturing and technology development. I am also gratified that Qatar has co-sponsored the Joint Statement Initiative on E-Commerce and is participating actively in the negotiations, which will not only establish new rules to govern digital trade but also demonstrate the continued relevance of the WTO.
5.31. Let me end by congratulating Qatar for its successful 3rd TPR. I wish Minister Al Kuwari and his colleagues safe travels and look forward to Qatar continuing to play an active and constructive role in the WTO. Thank you.
UNITED STATES
5.32. The United States would very much like to thank the delegation of Qatar for this third Trade Policy Review. As mentioned on Day One, Qatar is a valued US trading partner, and we look forward to increased clarity and engagement on several trade issues moving forward.
5.33. We would like to reiterate the United States’ concern that Qatar continues to require authentication of Certificates of Origin and Commercial Invoices at Embassies and/or Consulates prior to importation. We encourage Qatar to remove this requirement, and again request further clarity.
5.34. While we and other trade Members have congratulated Qatar on implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement, we would once again like to draw attention to the four outstanding WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement transparency notifications which Qatar self-designated for implementation in February 2017. These important obligations are now more than four years overdue.
5.35. We would further like to highlight our statement regarding Qatar’s possible revisions to the excise tax on beverages. We also look forward to discussions on this moving forward.
5.36. The United States raised questions in several other important areas related to TBT, SPS, IPR, and subsidies. We hope that the delegation has taken note of these concerns and will undertake efforts to resolve our concerns.
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5.37. Finally, we again call on Qatar — which is among the wealthiest nations in the world, measured in GNI per capita — to no longer seek special and differential treatment in current and future WTO negotiations. This step would ensure that the WTO remains a viable forum for meaningful trade negotiations.
5.38. In conclusion, we appreciate Qatar for their responses to our questions, however we do need to register concern that Qatar has not responded to nearly one-third of our advance written questions. We ask Qatar’s delegation to provide us with an indication possibly today when we will receive those responses. Responding to advance written questions within the prescribed deadlines is a key component of having a successful TPR. We regret we were unable to participate fully in this Review for that reason.
5.39. We look forward to continued discussion regarding the themes and concerns highlighted during this Review.
EUROPEAN UNION
5.40. On behalf of the EU, let me first thank Qatar for the comprehensive overview presented of the main trade and economic developments that occurred during the review period.
5.41. The EU welcomes the useful insights that this Review has provided into modernization and diversification strategy of Qatar under challenging circumstances over the past few years. The EU counts on Qatar’s support for the efficient functioning and modernization of the multilateral trading system.
5.42. However and notwithstanding the efforts of the past years, the economy of Qatar is still dependent on the oil and gas sector which has suffered from the largest contraction in world oil demand in history, due to the COVID-19 pandemic with a significant impact on government revenues.
5.43. The exchanges in the context of this TPR also underlined the concerns of the WTO Members in a number of areas which are important to ensure effective and predictable trading conditions with Qatar. The EU appreciates the responses provided by Qatar and has sent some follow-up questions. We look forward to receiving those further clarifications.
5.44. In conclusion, the EU would like to thank the delegation of Qatar for undertaking this important transparency exercise and demonstrating its commitment to the WTO. We are confident that our good cooperation will continue.
HEAD OF DELEGATION
5.45. I think that regarding the questions raised by the United States and the European Union, I prefer that we respond in writing so we can address all the concerns rather than speaking in general about the subjects. We would like to see the exact concerns of these countries and will respond accordingly.
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6 CONCLUDING REMARKS BY THE CHAIRPERSON
6.1. The third Trade Policy Review of Qatar has provided an opportunity for the Trade Policy Review Body to discuss, and deepen its understanding of, the main developments that have occurred in Qatar's economic, trade and investment policies since 2014. I would like to thank the delegation of Qatar, headed by H.E. Mr. Ali bin Ahmed Al Kuwari, Minister of Commerce and Industry, for its participation in this Review, which has taken place under unusual and challenging circumstances due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I also wish to thank our discussant H.E. Ambassador Mr. Tan Hung Seng for his insightful remarks, the 17 Members who submitted written questions and the 31 delegations that took the floor during this meeting.
6.2. A central theme emerging from this Review is that Qatar has shown great resilience in addressing the three major challenges it has faced since 2014: the sharp decline in international energy prices in 2014-15; the impact of the escalation of regional political tensions in 2017; and more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic.
6.3. In addition to macroeconomic stability achieved through the pursuit of prudent fiscal policy, and appropriate monetary policy and financial frameworks, Qatar's resilient economic performance during the period may also be attributed to the adoption of a broad range of measures aimed at reducing business transactions costs by further opening its economy to trade and foreign investment. The fact that Qatar placed trade and trade policy at the forefront of its response to the challenges it faced is a useful example of how closer engagement with the international trading system can assist countries in achieving their economic development objectives.
6.4. In this regard, Members noted and appreciated the many reforms pursued by Qatar regarding the institutional and regulatory framework for the conduct of business activities and in the areas of trade and investment policies. These include, among others: restructuring of ministries and agencies; measures to enhance transparency through the e-government, the legal and the e-commerce portals; the development of a single window electronic customs clearance system; amendment of the foreign investment legislation to allow for up to 100% foreign ownership and creation of an investment promotion agency; amendments to the free zones regime; introduction of a new framework for private-public partnerships; and improvements to legislation on intellectual property rights. It was noted that because of such measures Qatar improved its ranking in several international indicators such as the World Bank's Doing Busines Index. Considering that foreign workers constitute approximately 95% of the economically active population in Qatar, some Members welcomed the reforms on labour market regulation and immigration. Measures taken as part of Qatar's efforts to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have included monetary and fiscal stimulus measures, including trade-related measures such as the temporary customs duty exemption for food and medical supplies.
6.5. Another aspect of Qatar's recent economic performance that received much attention in this Review concerns the progress made towards the realization of Qatar's strategic socioeconomic and human development agenda, as set out in the Qatar National Vision 2030. National Vision 2030 aims to diversify the economy away from the hydrocarbons sector and transform Qatar into an advanced country by 2030, capable of sustaining its own development and providing a high standard of living for its population and future generations. In this respect, some Members pointed to the substantial increase in the share of GDP of non-mining and quarrying activities between 2014 and 2020. Nevertheless, Qatar remains heavily dependent upon the energy sector, and the view was expressed that the current contraction of demand for energy due to the COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to accelerate the transformation of Qatar's economy to a more sustainable model of economic development, bearing in mind Qatar's commitments under the Paris Agreement.
6.6. Members welcomed Qatar's commitment to the multilateral trading system, as shown by its active and constructive participation in the WTO. Members mentioned Qatar's recent acceptance of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and the 2005 amendment to the TRIPS Agreement as well as its participation in joint statement initiatives on micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, electronic commerce, and investment facilitation, and joint statements on COVID-19 and the Multilateral Trading System and Prohibiting Export Restrictions Relating to Purchases Made by the World Food Programme. As a net importer of foodstuffs, Qatar takes a keen interest in WTO work towards the elimination of hunger. Qatar was encouraged to participate in the joint statement initiative on services, consider supporting the discussions on trade and women's economic empowerment, and
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- 46 - accede to the Government Procurement Agreement. The issue of Qatar's status as a developing country in future negotiations was raised.
6.7. While there was general acknowledgement of the significant reforms achieved by Qatar during the review period, Members also pointed to aspects of Qatar's trade and investment regimes that are perceived as requiring further attention.
6.8. First, Members identified specific measures that they consider to be restrictive, unnecessary, or cumbersome. These included, for example: requirements of authentication of certificates of origin and commercial invoices prior to importation at embassies or consulates; the uneven application of excise taxes on beverages; customs valuation procedures; SPS requirements for dairy products and halal certification procedures; new tendering procedures and local content requirements in public procurement; the process and benefits of obtaining a copyright registration certificate; non-acceptance of letters of guarantee from banks not registered with the central bank.
6.9. Second, it was noted that Qatar had not submitted WTO notifications in several areas, including support to agriculture; agricultural export subsidies; and subsidies in general; import licensing; quantitative restrictions; customs valuation; state-trading enterprises; import, export and transit requirements; and trade in services. Qatar was also requested to provide detail on the concrete implementation of the new foreign investment legislation.
6.10. Prior to the meeting, Qatar replied to most of the 272 written questions it received from 17 Members. Qatar is expected to reply to any late submissions and follow-up questions in a month, at which time the third Trade Policy Review of Qatar will successfully conclude. I trust that the Qatari authorities will take into account the issues raised in this Review as they continue to assess and adapt their trade and investment policies in light of policy objectives.
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