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“FRESHER by FAR” PRODUCE Ple of Peace with Israel and .Ac Son of West Hartfrod
.r • 'V*- r \ .. ^ \ V I • P A G E F O R T Y WEDNESDAY, 'JUNE 24, 1970 ittanrliratpr lEaatttng H^araUt A :\ Jfosf Manchester Stores Open Until 9 O^Clock Members of Scandla Lodge, About Town Vasa Order of America, will at Some Downtown Shoppers Average Daily Net Prem Run r h , Parents Without Partners, tend Vasa Field Day on Sun The Weather Manchester Chapter, will hold day starting at 9:80 a.m. at AN EXOmm PARTY IDGAI For The Week Kkided Vasa Park, South Meriden. To Receive Lucky Bucks June 99, 1970 Fair, unsenaonably oqdI an Informal coffee and conver CiMfemar flefc-Up nigtit; low about SS. Ttamorroav sation, at the home of Mrs. Ed There will be entertainment, games and dancing. Dinners sunny, low humkUity; Mgh na Geer, 80 W'etherell St. to “ Lucky Buck" cards will be tion was the Mystery Shopper. Hem* D«1lv«r*d liH M * of Swedish meatballs and sill distributed to shoppers in the 70a. Saturday’s ouUook-«taudy, night at 8. The meeting is open Next month, the promotion 15,770 herring wlU be served. Hoidogs Downtown business area tomor chance o< alwwrara. to interested persons. Hostess wilt focus on the mid-July Side in tmd hamburgers will alsO' be row through Saturday, entitling walk Sales. In August, actual- Mancheater— A City of Village Charm asks, to be notified by those available. the card holders to $6 worth of size antique cars will be dis planning to attend. retail merchandising. played in the Downtown busi i move VOL. LXXXIX, NO. -
Voting, Rhetoric, and the Determinants of Electoral Reform∗
Taking the Leap: Voting, Rhetoric, and the Determinants of Electoral Reform∗ Scott Mosery Andrew Reevesz May 1, 2013 Abstract The Second Reform Act ushered in the age of democratic politics in the UK by expanding the voting franchise to include the working classes and providing new representation to industri- alized cities. Using unsupervised topic model analysis of parliamentary debates and quantitative analysis of roll call votes, we use new historical data to investigate why electoral reform suc- cessfully passed the House of Commons in 1867. Specifically we consider why reform passed under a minority Conservative government while a similar bill failed under a majority Liberal government despite no election or change in membership of the House of Commons. We find that party, not constituency, is responsible for explaining votes on reform and that, ultimately, it was the reduction in the number of aspects in the debate over reform that allowed a minority Conservative government to enact the Second Reform Act. ∗Paper prepared for the The Westminster Model of Democracy in Crisis? Comparative Perspectives on Origins, Development and Responses, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, May 13-14, 2013. yAssistant Professor, Department of Government, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Sta. A1800, Austin, TX, 78712; http://smoser.webhost.utexas.edu/, [email protected], (512) 232-7305. zW. Glenn Campbell and Rita Ricardo-Campbell National Fellow and the Robert Eckles Swain National Fellow at the Hoover Institution; Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, 232 Bay State Road, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; http://andrewreeves.org, [email protected], (650)723-8016. 1 Over the course of the nineteenth century, the United Kingdom's electoral system was trans- formed from an aristocratic oligarchy to one exhibiting most of the modern hallmarks of a democ- racy. -
How Did Britain Democratize?1 Views from the Sovereign Bond Market
How did Britain Democratize?1 Views from the Sovereign Bond Market Aditya Dasgupta2 and Daniel Ziblatt3 1 Acknowledgements: We thank Jim Alt, Ann Carlos, Jeff Frieden, Noam Gidron, Alexander Kuo, James Robinson, Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, three anonymous reviewers and seminar participants at Harvard, the Juan March Institute, UCLA, and Yale for comments and Robert Brown and Stephen Easton for sharing data. All errors are our own. 2 PhD Candidate, Department of Government, Harvard University. 1737 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139. Email: [email protected]. 3 Professor of Government, Department of Government, Harvard University. 1737 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139. Email: [email protected]. 1 How Did Britain Democratize? Views from the Sovereign Bond Market Abstract To assess competing theories of democratization, we analyze British sovereign bond market responses to the 1832, 1867 and 1884 Reform Acts, and to two failed Chartist agitations for reform. Analyses of high-frequency 3% consol yield data and historical financial press suggest three conclusions. First, democratic reform episodes were preceded by increases in perceived political risk, comparable to democratizing episodes in other countries. Second, both democratic reform and repression were followed by yield declines. Third, the source of political risk in Britain was both social unrest and political deadlock. Together, the findings challenge the “Whig” characterization of British democratization as exceptionally risk-free. Introduction The process of democratization in Britain – in particular the franchise expansions legislated in the 1832, 1867, and 1884 Reform Acts– has attracted intensive scholarly attention.4 One long-standing 4 In this paper we follow the dominant strand in the social scientific literature that refers to “democratization” as the process of introducing democratic political institutions that began in Europe largely in the nineteenth century, with some precursors earlier, along three main dimensions: 1) the expansion and equalization of the right to vote (e.g. -
Analyzing the Agenda of Parliament in the Age of Reform∗
Analyzing the Agenda of Parliament in the Age of Reform∗ VERY PRELIMINARY W. Walker Hanlon Northwestern University, NBER, CEPR July 27, 2021 Abstract This article provides a new measure of the agenda of the British Parliament{the sub- stantive topics on which debate was focused{from 1810-1914. This measure is obtained by applying a keyword approach to debate descriptions from the Hansard records. The results provide a new tool for analyzing the evolution of the British political system across this important period of history. To illustrate the utility of this measure, I an- alyze two issues. First, I use the data to identify key turning points, years that saw the most dramatic changes in the issues being debated. This analysis identifies three points, the First Reform Act (1832), the repeal of the Corn Laws (1846), and the rise of the Labour Party (1910), as critical periods of change. In contrast, little seems to have changed in the years around the Second Reform Act (1867) or Third Reform Act (1884). The data are also used to study the impact of changes in party control on the agenda of Parliament. I find little evidence that shifts in the identity of the party in government substantially influenced the issues that came before Parliament. This finding suggests that parties played a reactive rather than a proactive role in determining what issues Parliament needed to address at any given point in time. ∗I thank Alexandra E. Cirone and seminar participants at the Northwestern Economic History Brownbag for helpful comments. Author email: [email protected]. -
Proquest Dissertations
THE IMPACT OF ILE ROYALE ON NEW ENGLAND 1713 - 1763 by Donald F. Chard LtMAA.Ci A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in History UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA OTTAWA, CANADA, 1976 Chard, Ottawa, Canada, 1977 UMI Number: DC54008 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform DC54008 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS i TABLES AND MAPS ii ABBREVIATIONS iii NOTE ON DATES iv INTRODUCTION vi I. CANSO, 1710-1721: FOCAL POINT OF NEW ENGLAND- ILE ROYALE RIVALRY 1 II. PATTERNS OF TRADE, 1720-1744 34 III. THE LOUISBOURG EXPEDITION OF 1745 67 IV. VICTORY AT LOUISBOURG: ECONOMIC EXPECTATIONS AND REALIZATIONS, 1745-1748 103 V. THE BITTER FRUITS OF VICTORY: MILITARY AND SOCIAL REPERCUSSIONS OF THE 1745 ASSAULT ON LOUISBOURG 139 VI. IMPERIAL SUBSIDIES AND CURRENCY ADJUTSMENTS.. 168 VII. NEW ENGLAND'S ROLE IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF HALIFAX AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVA SCOTIA 1749-1755 188 VIII. -
The Home Office and Public Disturbance, C.1800-1832
The Home Office and Public Disturbance, c.1800-1832 Nathan Ashley Bend Submitted to the University of Hertfordshire in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of PhD. May 2018 ii Abstract This thesis examines the role of the Home Office in the machinery of order from c.1800-1832. It combines institutional enquiry with the study of popular protest by examining protest from the viewpoint of the Home Office. It looks at how the growth of the Home Office was stagnated due to efforts to economise, and how it transformed its systems to make them more efficient in response to peaks of administrative work caused by popular tumult. The different roles that each person performed in the Home Office is outlined, and by doing so the pivotal role of the permanent under- secretary of state, who remains underrepresented in histories of protest, is exposed. It also looks at what powers the home secretary had at his disposal, and how they were used to repress food riots, the Luddite disturbances, the movement for parliamentary reform, the Swing riots, political agitation leading to the Great Reform Act, and trade unions. It compares the different approaches of home secretaries and argues that although the use of powers was generally guided by established precedent, others such as domestic espionage were more divisive, and were influenced by the personality and experience of the home secretary. The thesis also examines the relationships between the Home Office hierarchy and government departments with authorities in the provinces. This thesis brings together all the available records which relate to the Home Office as an institution and those which relate to public disturbance. -
Revisionist Analysis of Edmund Burke's Political Ideology
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1991 Revisionist analysis of Edmund Burke's political ideology Raenelle Fisher The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Fisher, Raenelle, "Revisionist analysis of Edmund Burke's political ideology" (1991). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5247. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5247 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY Copying allowed as provided under provisions of the Fair Use Section of the U.S. COPYRIGHT LAW, 1976. Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author’s written consent. University of A REVISIONIST ANALYSIS OF EDMUND BURKE'S POLITICAL IDEOLOGY by Raenelie Fisher B. AO, University of Montana, 1989 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Montana 1991 Approved by Chairman, Board aminer Dean, Graduate School UMI Number: EP40711 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Public Notices
THE LONDON GAZETTE, 16TH MAY 1969 5169 Public Notices Any Public Notices received too late for classification appear on a later page; see Contents on first page BANK OF ENGLAND AN ACCOUNT pursuant to the Acts 7 & 8 Viet. ch. 32,18 & 19 Geo. 5. ch. 13 and 9 & 10 Geo. 6. ch. 74, for the Week ending on Wednesday, the 14th day of May 1969. Issue DEPARTMENT £ £ Notes issued: Government Debt ... 11,015,100 In Circulation 3,188,832,624 Other Government Securities 3,238,010,240 In Banking Department 61,587,026 Other Securities 714,660 Coin other than Gold Coin ... 260,000 Amount of Fiduciary Issue ... £3,250,000,000 Gold Coin and Bullion 419,650 £3,250,419,650 £3,250,419,650 Dated the 15th day of May 1969. J. S. Fforde, Chief Cashier. BANKING DEPARTMENT £ Capital 14,553,000 Government Securities 433,104,415 Rest 3,342,426 Other Securities 235,753,722 Public Deposits (including Exchequer, Notes 61,587,026 National Loans Fund, National Coin 827,719 Debt Commissioners and Dividend Accounts) 14,466,709 Other Deposits 698,910,747 Seven Day and other Bills £731,272,882 £731,272,882 Dated the 15th day of May 1969. J. S. Fforde, Chief Cashier. 14th May 1969, at the offices of the Board at WATER ACTS Bamford, Sheffield. A notice explaining the effect of the proposed Ministry of Housing and Local Government Order will be found in The Leicester Mercury, The May 1969 Sheffield Morning Telegraph, The Nottingham Guardian Journal and The Derby Evening Telegraph DERWENT VALLEY WATER BOARD of the 14th and 21st days of May 1969. -
Janice Carlisle, “On the Second Reform Act, 1867”
Janice Carlisle, On the Second Reform Act,... http://www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=janice-carlisle-on-the-second-reform-act-1867 Janice Carlisle, “On the Second Reform Act, 1867” Introduction The Second Reform Act (1867) raised in its own time and continues to raise in ours two deceptively simple questions, one of cause and the other of effect. How did a bill for which there was so little enthusiasm become law? To what extent did its passage grant Britain a genuinely representative government? For many contemporary observers, the act was, for better or worse, an obviously liberalizing measure because it typically enfranchised a majority of working-class men living in the boroughs and cities of England and Wales. Thomas Carlyle, writing in his diatribe Shooting Niagara: And After? (1867), had no doubts that the Great Unwashed, as working men were often called, would soon be catastrophically ascendant: the country was about to take the “Niagara leap of democracy,” after which the nation would be ruled by a “Swarmery” of men “buzzing, humming . tumbling in infinite noise and darkness”; all political questions would be determined by a simple “Count of Heads” (4, 10, 1). The poet Coventry Patmore wrote in similar tones of despair, “the orgies of the multitude/ . now begin” (ll. 62-63). The number of potential new electors explains, at least in part, such hysteria. The Second Reform Act – more formally, An Act Further to Amend the Laws Relating to the Representation of the People in England and Wales (30 & 31 Vict., c. 102) – no doubt extended the work of the First Reform Act of 1832. -
Pirate Articles and Their Society, 1660-1730
‘Piratical Schemes and Contracts’: Pirate Articles and their Society, 1660-1730 Submitted by Edward Theophilus Fox to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Maritime History In May 2013 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: ………………………………………………………….. 1 Abstract During the so-called ‘golden age’ of piracy that occurred in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans in the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, several thousands of men and a handful of women sailed aboard pirate ships. The narrative, operational techniques, and economic repercussions of the waves of piracy that threatened maritime trade during the ‘golden age’ have fascinated researchers, and so too has the social history of the people involved. Traditionally, the historiography of the social history of pirates has portrayed them as democratic and highly egalitarian bandits, divided their spoil fairly amongst their number, offered compensation for comrades injured in battle, and appointed their own officers by popular vote. They have been presented in contrast to the legitimate societies of Europe and America, and as revolutionaries, eschewing the unfair and harsh practices prevalent in legitimate maritime employment. This study, however, argues that the ‘revolutionary’ model of ‘golden age’ pirates is not an accurate reflection of reality. -
Topic 2 Revision Sheet – Reform and Reaction 1830-1841
Topic 2 Revision sheet – Reform and reaction 1830-1841 After Catholic Emancipation Act 1829: Tory split into Ultras, Canningites and Wellington supporters Background – King George died, poor harvests unemployment, rising prises and population The want for reform! • Whigs were pushing for parliamentary reform and the Tory Cannigites supported the Whigs • Middle class wanted reform and representation • King William IV more open to reform than his predecessor Whigs came to power in 1830 – a coalition of Whigs and Canningite Tories Who were they? . Prime minister = Earl Grey . Foreign Secretary = Viscount Palmerston . Lord Chancellor = Lord Brougham – a radical Whig keen on reform . Home Secretary = Lord Melbourne . Leader of house of commons/Paymaster of the forces = Lord John Russell. Swing Riots – 1830-1 (Got name from Captain Swing) Causes = poor harvests 1829 and 1830, rising prices and population and shortage of jobs - Riots erupted in rural areas of southern and eastern England - included agricultural labourers and craftsmen - Riots were not organised, but had common targets of new threshing machines/property of farmers - Riots not linked with demands in reform but caused political pressure Increase in number of political unions (e.g. BPU) – increased pressure for reform Problems with electoral system - Unequal constituencies - Open boroughs, pocket boroughs, rotten boroughs, pot wallopers - Elections only held if seat was to be contested - Men who owned land worth 40 shillings could only vote The Great Reform Bill 1st Bill March 1831 -
1 Paper 5: British Political History 1688-1886 List of Topics And
1 Paper 5: British Political History 1688-1886 List of Topics and Bibliographies 2019-20 Efforts have been made to ensure that a large number of items are available electronically, but some items are not available in digital formats. Items marked with a † are only available in hardcopy from libraries. Where items are marked with a ‡ it means that extracts from that book are available on Moodle. Chronological topics 1. The impact of the1688 Revolution and the emergence of the Hanoverian settlement, 1688-1721 2. The Whig oligarchy and its opponents, 1721-60 3. George III and the politics of crisis, 1760-84 4. The younger Pitt, Fox, and the revolutionary era, 1784-1806 5. Lord Liverpool and Liberal Toryism 1807-27 6. The collapse of the ancien régime, 1827-35 7. The rise and fall of party in the age of Peel, 1834-50 8. Palmerston and mid-Victorian stability, 1848-67 9. Government and policy in the age of Gladstone and Disraeli, 1867-86 10. The parties and the people 1867-90 Thematic topics 11. The constitution: the roles of monarchy and parliament 12. The process of parliamentary reform, 1815-1886 13. Patriotism and national identity 14. Political communication and the development of a ‘public sphere’ in the eighteenth century 15. The powers of the state 16. Extra-parliamentary politics and political debate in the long eighteenth century 17. Chartism, class and the radical tradition, mainly after 1815 18. Gender and politics 19. Religion and politics 20. Scotland and Britain in the eighteenth century 21. Ireland, 1689-1885 22.