DOCSLIB.ORG

Analyzing the Impact of Digital Advertising on the User Privacy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analyzing the Impact of Digital Advertising on the User Privacy UNIVERSITY OF CRETE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE FACULTY OF SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING Analyzing the Impact of Digital Advertising on User Privacy Panagiotis Papadopoulos PhD Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Heraklion, September 2018 UNIVERSITY OF CRETE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Analyzing the Impact of Digital Advertising on User Privacy PhD Dissertation Submitted by Panagiotis Papadopoulos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy APPROVED BY : Supervisor: Prof. Evangelos P. Markatos, University of Crete, Greece Committee Member: Dr. Sotiris Ioannidis, FORTH, Greece Committee Member: Asst. Prof. Xenofontas Dimitropoulos, University of Crete, Greece Committee Member: Dr. Nicolas Kourtellis, Telefonica Research, Spain Committee Member: Asst. Prof. Michalis Polychronakis, Stony Brook University, USA Committee Member: Dr. Nikolaos Laoutaris, Data Transparency Lab, Spain Committee Member: Asst. Prof. Alexandros Kapravelos, North Carolina State University, USA Department Chairman: Heraklion, September 2018 Acknowledgments During this amazing trip called PhD, I was fortunate to have some amazing people supporting me. First of all, I am grateful to my supervisor Prof. Evangelos Markatos for shaping the researcher I am today, and teaching me a unique research mentality. This thesis would not be possible without his advices and our countless talks. I learned so many things next to you that I will be always grateful for the influence you had in my life. I am also grateful to my supervisor in Telefonica Research, Dr. Nicolas Kourtellis for his continuous support and passion for work. It was always a pleasure working with you. I consider myself very fortunate for being surrounded by brilliant minds, and therefore I need to express my appreciation to Sotiris Ioannidis, Nikolaos Laoutaris, Elias Athana- sopoulos, Michalis Polychronakis, Kostas Magoutis and Xenofontas Dimitropoulos for their advices, mentoring and all the creative brainstorming time we spent together. Also I want to thank every single co-author I had all these years: Elias Papadopoulos, Ilias Leontiadis, Giorgos Vasiliadis, Panagiotis Ilia, Antonis Papadogiannakis, Alexandros Kapravelos, Eirini Degkleri, Michalis Diamantaris, Michalis Pachilakis, Antonios Chariton, Giorgos Christou, Thanasis Petsas, Alexandros Kornilakis, Manolis Karabinakis. We worked together, we got rejected together, we resubmitted together. I really enjoyed working with you guys. After spending a bit more than 7 years in Distributed Systems (DCS) lab, I feel like I have found a second family there. I met and worked alongside great people in this lab and I want to express my deepest gratitude to Antonis Krithinakis, Dimitris Deyannis, Panagiotis Gare- falakis, Nikos Tsikoudis, Demetris Antoniades, Iason Polakis, Christos Papachristos, Lazaros Koromilas, Eva Papadogiannaki, Despoina Antonakaki, Meltini Christodoulaki, Antonis Pa- paioannou, Giorgos Tsirantonakis, Michalis Athanasakis, Evangelos Ladakis, Stamatis Vola- nis, Zacharias Tzermias, Evangelos Dimitriadis, Laertis Loutsis, Manolis Stamatogiannakis and all other past and present members of DCS for preserving the balance between computers and real life, making the lab a fun place all these years. I want to express my sincere thanks to Nikos Skotis, Aris Koutsouras, Giorgos Oikonomou, Dimitris Patelis, Marina Aeraki, Stelios Ninidakis, Stephen Tripodianakis, Nikos Patsiouras, Dimitris Chasapis, Dimitris Ioannidis, Bruno Cardoso, Minos Katevas and all other friends for their support, love, tolerance, and all the great moments we have shared. Finally, I would never have been able to reach this point without the unconditional love and support from my parents Manolis and Evangelia, and my sister Kelina. Thank you for bearing with me and being always by my side through my studies and life. vii Abstract Digital advertising is a multi-billion dollar business that has the power to fuel the entire free Internet. The recent years, it progressively moves towards a programmatic model in which ads are matched to actual interests of individuals collected as they browse the web. The advertiser pays a monetary cost to buy ad-space in a publisher's medium (e.g., website) thus delivering their digital advertisement along with the publisher's interesting content in the visitor's display. Unlike traditional advertisements in mediums such as newspapers, TV or radio, in the digital world, the end-users are also paying a cost for the advertisement delivery. Whilst the cost on the advertiser's side is clearly monetary, on the end-user, it includes both quantifiable costs, such as network requests and transferred bytes, and qualitative costs such as privacy loss to the ad ecosystem. Indeed, as advertisements become more and more personalized to match the users interests and become as effective as possible, more personal information about the visiting users is needed. Motivated by that, tracking companies deploy sophisticated user- tracking mechanisms retrieving any piece of information can reveal the user's interests and preferences. Such information may include current and historical geolocations, installed apps, browsing histories, and so forth. All this information is used to form rich user profiles and large audience segments that can be shared with or sold to anyone interested (e.g., advertisers, data brokers, data management platforms, etc.) beyond the control of the users. To conduct such data markets and before performing any background user database merges, different entities perform synchronizations of the different userIDs they have set for the same users. This way they reduce the number of the different \aliases" with which they know a user, increasing this way their capability of re-identifying users when they erase their browser state (i.e., cookies) or even when they browse through VPN to preserve their privacy. Besides the continuous growth of digital advertising and its impact on our everyday lives, little we know about the flow of information within the participating companies and the interconnections between them. Motivated by that, in this dissertation, we aim to enhance the transparency in this large ecosystem and investigate the bidirectional effect between user privacy and programmatic ad-buying. In particular, we explore the impact of personalized advertising on the users privacy and anonymity given the elaborate deployed user tracking and personal data collecting techniques. We experimentally measure the user information leaks appeared while using websites and mobile apps. Based on the insight gained from these experiments, we design countermeasures to mitigate the privacy loss. ix Towards the opposite direction, we study how these collected user data affect the pric- ing dynamics of programmatic ad-auctions and how much advertisers pay to reach a user. Then, we compare the costs imposed by digital advertising to both users and advertiser for the very same delivered ad traffic. These costs include network overhead, temperature, en- ergy consumption, loss of privacy. Finally, in an attempt to investigate privacy-preserving alternatives for web monetization that can be completely detached from any personal data requirement, we perform a detailed analysis of the profitability and the user-side overheads of the emerging technology of web cryptomining . Supervisor: Professor Evangelos P. Markatos PerÐlhyh H yhfiakh diafhmish einai mia epiqeirhsh pollwn disekatommuriwn dolariwn pou eqei thn dunamh na trofodotei oloklhro to dwrean diadiktuo. Ta teleutaia qronia, proqwra proodeutika proc ena programmatistiko montelo sto opoio oi diafhmiseic tairiazoun me ta pragmatika endiafero- nta twn atomwn ta opoia sullegontai kajwc autoi perihgountai ston diadikuo. O diafhmisthc plhrwnei ena qrhmatiko kostoc gia na agorasei diafhmistiko qwro sto yhfiako meso enoc ekdoth (p.q. istotopo) pareqontac etsi thn yhfiakh tou diafhmish mesa sto perieqomeno tou opou katalhgei sthn ojonh tou episkepth. Se antijesh me tic paradosiakec diafhmiseic se mesa opwc oi efhmeridec, h thleorash h to radiofwno, ston yhfiako kosmo, oi telikoi qrhstec plhrwnoun epishc ena kostoc gia na laboun mia diafhmish. Enw to kostoc apo thn pleura tou diafhmizomenou einai safwc nomismatiko, ston teliko qrhsth, perilambanei toso posotika, amesa prosdiorisima kosth (opwc HTTP requests kai metaferomena bytes), oso kai poiotika opwc h apwleia idiwtikothtac mesa sto oikosusthma twn yhfiakwn diafhmisewn. pragmati, kajwc oi diafhmiseic ginontai olo kai pio exatomikeumenec wste na tairiazoun me ta endiaferonta twn qrhstwn kai na ginontai oso to dunaton pio apotelesmatikec, qreiazontai perissoterec proswpikec plhroforiec gia touc episkeptec. Me ton tropo auto, oi etaireiec parakoloujhshc anaptussoun exeligmenouc mhqanismouc parakoloujhshc qrhstwn pou anaktoun opoiadhpote plhroforia pou mporei na apokaluyei ta sumferonta kai tic protimhseic tou qrhsth. Autec oi plhroforiec mporei na perilambanoun treqousec kai istorikec gewgrafikec je- seic, egkatesthmenec efarmogec, istoriko perihghshc, k.o.k. Olec autec oi plhroforiec qrh- simopoiountai gia thn dhmiourgia plousiwn profil qrhstwn pou mporoun na moirastoun h na poulhjoun se opoiondhpote endiaferomeno (p.q. diafhmistec, mesitec dedomenwn, platformec diaqeirishc dedomenwn k.l.p.) pera apo ton elegqo twn idiwn twn qrhstwn. Gia thn diexagwgh tetoiwn agorwn dedomenwn kai prin apo thn pragmatopoihsh sugqw- neushc opoiasdhpote bashc dedomenwn, diaforetikec ontothtec
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Report 2016
    SoftBank Group Corp. ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Corporate Philosophy Information Revolution – Happiness for everyone Vision The corporate group needed most by people around the world SoftBank Group Corp. ANNUAL REPORT 2016 001 A History of Challenges A History of Challenges The view is different when you challenge yourself Continuing to take on new challenges and embrace change without fear. Driving business forward through exhaustive debate. This is the SoftBank Group’s DNA. SoftBank Group Corp. ANNUAL REPORT 2016 002 A History of Challenges Established SoftBank Japan. 1981 Commenced operations as a distributor of packaged software. 1982 Entered the publishing business. Launched Oh! PC and Oh! MZ, monthly magazines introducing PCs and software by manufacturer. 1994 Acquired events division from Ziff Communications Company of the U.S. through SoftBank Holdings Inc. 1996 Acquired Ziff-Davis Publishing Company, U.S. publisher of PC WEEK magazine and provider of leading-edge information on the PC industry. SoftBank Group Corp. ANNUAL REPORT 2016 003 A History of Challenges Established Yahoo Japan through joint investment with Yahoo! Inc. in the U.S. 1996 Began to develop into an Internet company at full scale. Yahoo Japan Net income* 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 FY (Note) Accounting standard: JGAAP up to fiscal 2012; IFRSs from fiscal 2013 onward. * Net income attributable to owners of the parent. SoftBank Group Corp. ANNUAL REPORT 2016 004 A History of Challenges Made full-scale entry into the telecommunications business. 2000s Contributed to faster, more affordable telecommunications services in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Securities and Exchange Commission Form
    Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ————————————————————— FORM 10-Q ————————————————————— QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF x 1934 For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2016 or TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF o 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File number 1-04721 ————————————————————— SPRINT CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) ————————————————————— Delaware 46-1170005 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 6200 Sprint Parkway, Overland Park, Kansas 66251 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (855) 848-3280 ————————————————————— Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.
    [Show full text]
  • IJIR Paper Template
    Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-7, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Are Television and Print media, a high Impact Campaign for E-Commerce Marketing? Mrs. Harshini C S & Dr. Venugopal Research Scholar, Bangalore University, Bangalore Guide/Principal, Government First Grade College, Kanakapura, Bangalore Abstract: Today’s consumers hop from screen to Introduction screen according to their needs of the moment. They don’t give a thought to what “channel” they are Ever since the first display advertisements appeared using to interact with brands, they simply expect on computer screen, the Internet’s challenge over brands to keep up. Newspapers and Television existing advertising has been the ability to target the continues to play a big role in driving sales for E- audience more precisely and measure the impact of commerce clients. TV Attribution not only offers a the advertisements. Although traditional media still new and immediate view of mass media impact, it holds strong ground in the Indian ad space, digital allows people to create more cross-channel synergy. advertising is catching up fast and is expected to Today’s consumers want immediate gratification and overtake traditional media within the next 5-10 years. have high expectations for the brands they pursue. In addition to the increasing adoption of mobile With an increase in internet penetration, more and devices, the increasing connectivity and more marketers are using online advertising improvements in broadband infrastructure will lead business. Traditional advertisers have started to increased investments in more content rich, video allocating more of their marketing budgets to the and social media advertisements.
    [Show full text]
  • The Indian E-Commerce Euphoria- a Bubble About to Burst?
    IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 17, Issue 12 .Ver. I (Dec. 2015), PP 17-21 www.iosrjournals.org The Indian e-Commerce Euphoria- A bubble about to burst? 1Priya Chaudhary, 2Ritika Sharma 1,2M.com (Dept. of commerce),DU M.com (Dept. of commerce),DU Abstract: The Indian e-commerce is making news every day- from festive season sales, deep discounts to another round of VC funding. The sector is gaining momentum more than ever. Even the government is supportive of the increased pace of startups. Prime Minister NarendraModi announced a new campaign "Start- up India, Stand up India" to promote bank financing for start-ups and offer incentives to boost entrepreneurship and job creation. The big techies of the world such as Google, Microsoft, Facebook, and Qualcomm have offered support to India in its transformation into a digitally empowered society, knowledge economy & a very high penetration of internet. This paper deals with the pattern of VC funding in Indian e-commerce sphere& brings to light the problems in operational areas in e-commerce companies. The mad rush in VC funding, mounting losses & increased valuations of e commerce giants raises possibilities of an e-commerce bubble in India, similar to the dot-com bubble abroad. Keywords:e-commerce bubble, Venture capitalists, Startups, Entrepreneurship I. Introduction Indian internet user base is about 354 million people as of June, 2015, with about 6 million people being added to the user base every month. The vast potential in the online purchasing market can be gauged from the fact that it went up to $12.6 billion in 2013 from $3.8 billion in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Brands
    Global Consumer 2019 List of Brands Table of Contents 1. Digital music 2 2. Video-on-Demand 4 3. Video game stores 7 4. Digital video games shops 11 5. Video game streaming services 13 6. Book stores 15 7. eBook shops 19 8. Daily newspapers 22 9. Online newspapers 26 10. Magazines & weekly newspapers 30 11. Online magazines 34 12. Smartphones 38 13. Mobile carriers 39 14. Internet providers 42 15. Cable & satellite TV provider 46 16. Refrigerators 49 17. Washing machines 51 18. TVs 53 19. Speakers 55 20. Headphones 57 21. Laptops 59 22. Tablets 61 23. Desktop PC 63 24. Smart home 65 25. Smart speaker 67 26. Wearables 68 27. Fitness and health apps 70 28. Messenger services 73 29. Social networks 75 30. eCommerce 77 31. Search Engines 81 32. Online hotels & accommodation 82 33. Online flight portals 85 34. Airlines 88 35. Online package holiday portals 91 36. Online car rental provider 94 37. Online car sharing 96 38. Online ride sharing 98 39. Grocery stores 100 40. Banks 104 41. Online payment 108 42. Mobile payment 111 43. Liability insurance 114 44. Online dating services 117 45. Online event ticket provider 119 46. Food & restaurant delivery 122 47. Grocery delivery 125 48. Car Makes 129 Statista GmbH Johannes-Brahms-Platz 1 20355 Hamburg Tel. +49 40 2848 41 0 Fax +49 40 2848 41 999 [email protected] www.statista.com Steuernummer: 48/760/00518 Amtsgericht Köln: HRB 87129 Geschäftsführung: Dr. Friedrich Schwandt, Tim Kröger Commerzbank AG IBAN: DE60 2004 0000 0631 5915 00 BIC: COBADEFFXXX Umsatzsteuer-ID: DE 258551386 1.
    [Show full text]
  • GWO Litigation Trust V Sprint.Pdf
    IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE THE GWO LITIGATION TRUST, ) ) Plaintiff/Counterclaim Defendant, ) ) v. ) ) SPRINT SOLUTIONS, INC., ) ) Defendant/Counterclaim Plaintiff. ) ) C.A. No. N17C-06-356 PRW ___________________________________ ) CCLD ) SPRINT EWIRELESS, INC., ) ) Third-Party Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) ) THE GWO LITIGATION TRUST, ) ) Third-Party Defendant. ) Submitted: July 19, 2018 Decided: October 25, 2018 Upon Defendant Sprint Solutions, Inc.’s Motion to Dismiss Counts Three through Seven of the Amended Complaint, DENIED in part; GRANTED in part. Upon Plaintiff GWO Litigation Trust’s Partial Motion to Dismiss Defendant’s Amended Counterclaims and Sprint eWireless, Inc.’s Third-Party Claim, DENIED in part; GRANTED in part. MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER Richard M. Beck, Esquire, Sean M. Brennecke, Esquire, Klehr Harrison Harvey Branzburg LLP, Wilmington, Delaware, John D. Byars, Esquire (pro hac vice), Joseph C. Smith, Jr., Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott LLP, Chicago, Illinois, Attorneys for Plaintiff. Steven L. Caponi, Esquire, Matthew B. Goeller, Esquire, K&L Gates LLP, Wilmington, Delaware, David I. Swan, Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), McGuireWoods LLP, Tysons, Virginia, Brian A. Kahn, Esquire (pro hac vice) (argued), McGuireWoods LLP, Charlotte, North Carolina, Attorneys for Defendant and Third-Party Plaintiff. WALLACE, J. I. INTRODUCTION Sprint Solutions, Inc. (“Sprint”) entered into a series of contracts with General Wireless Operations, Inc. (“General Wireless”) in early 2015
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Payments Landscape in Asia the Essential Guide for E-Commerce Businesses
    EXPLORING THE PAYMENTS LANDSCAPE IN ASIA THE ESSENTIAL GUIDE FOR E-COMMERCE BUSINESSES Looking to expand to Asia? Here is everything you need to know about e-commerce in India, Vietnam and Indonesia Exploring Payments Landscape in Asia 1 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................ 3 India ........................................................... 4 Vietnam ...................................................... 8 Indonesia .................................................. 11 Payment solutions .................................... 14 Exploring Payments Landscape in Asia 2 INTRODUCTION The evolution of e-commerce has revolutionised business forever. Now, just about anyone can set up a business, tapping into a potential audience of billions of people from just about anywhere in the world. But as online businesses multiply, so too do the challenges presented by providing customers with familiar payment solutions. This is perhaps most evident when businesses scale into emerging ‘unbanked’ economies with complex regulations and a dizzying number of payment options. BI Intelligence forecasts significant growth in mobile payments made at the POS. They expect mobile POS payments to increase at a 40% five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to hit $128 billion in 2021 from $24 billion in 2016. P2P payments and mobile banking apps were cited as catalysts for moving in a cashless direction. Digital imaging is being deployed at scale to make new payment options such as mobile wallets secure. The need to understand the current fragmented landscape is clear for businesses eyeing opportunities in Asia. But perhaps as pertinent is the importance of understanding the political and commercial drivers that have set in train this progressive change. In understanding more about the history, e-commerce businesses can find clues about what’s around the corner, giving them the all- important upper hand – or at least putting them on a level playing field with the domestic competition.
    [Show full text]
  • JOB/GC/101/Rev.1 28 July 2016 (16-4010) Page
    JOB/GC/101/Rev.1 28 July 2016 (16-4010) Page: 1/2 Original: English WORK PROGRAMME ON ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE AND DEVELOPMENT Non-paper from Colombia; Costa Rica; Hong Kong, China; Israel; Malaysia; Mexico; Nigeria; Pakistan; Panama; Qatar; Seychelles; Singapore and Turkey Revision1 The following non-paper, dated 25 July 2016, is being circulated at the request of the delegation of Singapore. _______________ 1.1. E-Commerce can be and has been leveraged to support development. For one, it has made interactions between consumers and businesses much easier. E-commerce has opened up new opportunities for businesses in developing countries, especially micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), by reducing the cost of doing business, and allowing them to reach a wider market. The consumer experience, whether in the areas of media and entertainment, air travel and tourism, and even taxi rides, has changed over the past few years, thanks to e-commerce. Between businesses, the digital interface allows for more efficient operations and supply chains. The data generated also allows for optimisation and innovation in their business models. All this presents a big well of untapped potential, which could boost economic growth and development in developing countries. 1.2. E-commerce is the new reality for businesses today, including in developing countries. Business to consumer e-commerce is rapidly expanding, particularly in Asia, Latin America, Africa and the Middle-East. For example, in Cambodia, Sabay.com, an online gaming company introduced Sabay Coins (which can be purchased at internet cafes) as a way for its customers to spend online.
    [Show full text]
  • Close Study of Tech Start-Ups in India Akash Yadav Abhishek Yadav Mira H
    International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) International Conference on Leveraging Information Technology for Inter-Sectoral Research Close Study of Tech Start-Ups in India Akash Yadav Abhishek Yadav Mira H. Gohil Research Scholar, MCA Research Scholar, MCA Assistant Professor Thakur Institute of Management Thakur Institute of Management Thakur Institute of Management Studies, Career Development and Studies, Career Development and Studies,Career Development and Research (TIMSCDR) Research (TIMSCDR) Research (TIMSCDR) Mumbai, India Mumbai, India Mumbai, India ABSTRACT Billion).As we can see in the Table 1 shows the list of Indian In precise, just like the previous famous start-ups startups companies which comes in UNICORN CLUB. Google,Facebook,twitter etc. technological start-ups founded in Table 1.The above shows the unicorn club list of India’s out of India. In India, also there are very big start-ups founded startup companies. in recent year. Many of them are come in Unicorn List. These start-ups are helps India to more powerful economical country Companies Name Value Over in the world. Flipkart $15 billion Keywords Snapdeal $6.5 billion Study on tech start-up in India,tech startups in India,promising startups in India,list of different startups companies in different Ola $5 billion cities of India, list of India’s unicorn club start-ups, India’s Paytm $3.4 billion rank in tech startups. Quiker $1.5 billion 1. INTRODUCTION As we know India in fastest growing country in the world and Zomoto $1 billion India gives lots of startups during 2014-2016 and many of them Inmobi $1 billion is related to technology.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Media - Facilitating a Paradigm Shift for Start-Ups
    SOCIAL MEDIA - FACILITATING A PARADIGM SHIFT FOR START-UPS AMRITANSH MISHRA Associate Professor Dept. of English & Other Foreign Languages Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow (UP) INDIA Start-ups have emerged as a dynamic and vibrant sector of the Indian economy. Information Technology (IT) is playing a vital role in enhancing the productivity and competitiveness of these ventures. In recent years, start-ups like Flipkart, Snapdeal, Grofers, Ola, OYO etc have proved that there is an enormous potential for start-ups to grow in India. Social media has given immense power to consumers and transformed individuals around the world from passive recipients of information and products into active creators of content who are able to actively and immediately communicate with one another with the help of social media. The study would focus on the impact of social media on the success of start-ups in India. Keywords: Social Media, Start-ups, Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial performance, Social media marketing, Productivity, marketing tool, INTRODUCTION Start-up the entrepreneurial venture which is typically a newly emerged, fast growing business that aims to meet a marketplace need by developing or offering an innovative product, process or service. These Start-ups confront fierce competition in dynamic business environment. To be successful and effectively compete in such an environment these ventures must equip themselves appropriately to meet with any challenges. One of the emerging big challenge faced by these enterprises is to appropriately incorporate and harness the mass collaboration that social media facilitates. Few decades ago, startup companies faced a number of tough decisions for marketing their companies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Big Data-Driven Business
    WEBFTOC 10/29/2014 22:19:44 Page vi WEBFFIRS 10/29/2014 22:14:6 Page i THE BIG DATA- DRIVEN BUSINESS HOW TO USE BIG DATA TO WIN CUSTOMERS, BEAT COMPETITORS, AND BOOST PROFITS RUSSELL GLASS • SEAN CALLAHAN WEBFFIRS 10/29/2014 22:14:6 Page ii Cover design: Wiley Copyright 2015 by LinkedIn Corp. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials.
    [Show full text]
  • CELL PHONES Cell Phones Come with Either Prepaid Or Contract Plans
    CELL PHONES Cell phones come with either prepaid or contract plans. There are benefits to both, so choose the one that best fits your needs. Prepaid plans There are two types of prepaid plans: 1) Pay a set fee per month for unlimited talk, text messages, and data. If you talk, text, or use data a lot each month, this may be one of the cheapest types of plans. AT&T Go Phone, Boost Mobile, Virgin Mobile, MetroPCS, and T-Mobile offer this type of plan. You can check their websites for the most up-to-date prices. 2) Purchase a set number of minutes of talk, text, and data. When you use all of those minutes, you have to buy more minutes. This type of prepaid plan is generally cheapest if you do not talk a lot each month. Tracfone, Net10, Straight Talk are examples. Actually the least expensive of all the prepaid phones out there is the Tracfone. • Pros: Flexibility because there is no contract and no cancellation fees. No credit check required, so you do not have to pay a security deposit. • Cons: Not cheapest if you need multiple lines. Must purchase phone at full price (usually). Can be frustrating if you run out of minutes in the middle of a conversation (for prepaid plan 2). Contract Plans In this type of plan, you sign a contract with a cell phone company for a set period of time, usually two years. • Pros: The companies usually subsidize your phone, so you pay less for the actual phone. You can get a discount if you have multiple lines (like a family plan).
    [Show full text]