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CHIC Emerging Conclusions 2 56 Fuel Cell Buses Manufactured by 6 Different Bus Oems in 9 Different Cities

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CHIC Emerging Conclusions 2 56 Fuel Cell Buses Manufactured by 6 Different Bus Oems in 9 Different Cities Presentation of emerging conclusions (Grant agreement No: 256848) 3Emotion - Oct 2015 CONTENTS • Introduction • Project status • Emerging results – achievements and issues • Next steps and final remarks CHIC Emerging Conclusions 2 56 Fuel cell buses manufactured by 6 different bus OEMs in 9 different cities Co-funded by the FCH-JU Co-funded by other programmes 5 8 London - 8 Wrightbus Oslo - 5 Van Hool Aarau - 5 EvoBus 2 Solaris 5 Hamburg 4 EvoBus Bolzano - 5 EvoBus 2 APTS/ 20 New Flyer in Phileas Cologne Milan - 3 EvoBus Whisltler 2 Van Hool Fuel cells buses - deployment timeline Cities starting operations Whistler London Cologne, Aargau, Bolzano, London, Cologne, Hamburg Oslo Milano Hamburg Bus introduced NewFlyer Wrightbus APTS, EvoBus, EvoBus, Van Hool, EvoBus Van Hool Wrightbus Solaris Total number of buses on the road 20 FC buses 25 FC buses 31 FC buses 41 FC buses 52 FC buses 36 FC buses1 04/2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013-03/2014 To date Note that two more fuel cells buses have been ordered in Hamburg, from a 6th manufacturer Note that four ICE-hydrogen buses (from a 7th manufacturer) are operated in Berlin 1 The 20 fuel cell buses in Whistler (Canada) have ended their planned operation time on 31 March 2014 CHIC Emerging Conclusions 4 The CHIC project is the first of a number of European bus demonstrations - 83 FC buses will soon be in operation 83 fuel cell buses in operation or about to start operation Current EU-funded fuel cell Current EU-funded fuel cell bus bus projects projects CHIC 3Emotion (operation start Bolzano – 5 FC buses planned for 2016/2017) Aargau – 5 FC buses Cherbourg – 5 FC buses Rotterdam – 4 FC buses London – 8 FC buses South Holland – 2 FC Milan – 3 FC buses buses Oslo – 5 FC buses London – 2 FC buses Cologne* – 4 FC buses Flanders – 3 FC buses Hamburg* – 6 FC buses Rome – 5 FC buses Current national/regional- High V.LO-City (operation funded fuel cell bus projects: start planned for 2015) Karlsruhe * – 2 FC buses Liguria – 5 FC buses Stuttgart * – 4 FC buses Antwerp – 5 FC buses Aberdeen – 4 FC buses Legend: HyTransit (operation start CHIC countries planned for 2015) In operation Planned for operation Aberdeen – 6 FC buses * Co-financed by regional/national funding sources Last update: 04/02/2015 Phase 1 cities – the EvoBus buses Fuel cell bus in Milan (3 buses in total) Fuel cell Postbus in Aarau (5 buses in total) Fuel cell buses in Bozen/Bolzano (5 buses in total) CHIC Emerging Conclusions 6 Phase 0 and Phase 1 cities – the Van Hool buses Fuel cell bus in Cologne (2 buses in total) Fuel cell buses in Oslo (5 buses in total) CHIC Emerging Conclusions 7 Phase 1 cities – the Wrightbus buses Fuel cell buses in London (8 in total) CHIC Emerging Conclusions 8 Phase 0 and Phase 1 cities – the Van Hool buses Component Specifications 150 kW (1 Fuel cell module) system (rated peak output) 100 kW Battery system (Li-ion) Supercapacitor -- system Energy Brake resistors recuperation (2 units, 60kW system each) H2 storage 7 tanks, 350bar Deployed in Oslo and Cologne (18m) system ~ 35 kg CHIC Emerging Conclusions 9 Phase 1: 4 high throughput, 350bar stations over 259 tonnes of H2 dispensed (to end July 2015) Nber HRS/H Operation Kg H City Picture 2 Type of HRS / source of H of 2 Producer start 2 refuelled fillings Carbagas (Air Onsite electrolyser Aargau 2012 5,565 80,766 Liquide) (+ trailer delivery as backup) Onsite electrolyser Bozen Linde 2014 1,161 20,784 (+ trailer delivery as backup) Trailer delivery of gaseous London Air Products 2010 5,680 96,601 H2 (SMR) Onsite electrolyser Milan Linde 2013 850 9,656 (+ trailer delivery as backup) Onsite electrolyser Oslo Air Liquide 2012 2,930* 60,496* (+ trailer delivery as backup) SMR= Steam Methane Reforming - * data from April 2015 Phase 0: 4 high throughput, 350bar stations Over 848 tonnes of H2 dispensed (to end July 2015) HRS/H Operation Type of HRS / Nber of Kg H City Photo 2 2 producer start source of H2 fillings refuelled Trailer delivery of Air gaseous H by- Cologne 2011 2 1,246 24,088 products product sourced nearby Onsite electrolyser Hamburg Linde 2012 1,712 27,914 (+ trailer delivery as backup) Air Liquide Whistler 2009 Delivered liquid 23,671 591,590 Canada CHIC Emerging Conclusions 11 CONTENTS • Introduction • Project status • Emerging results – achievements and issues • Next steps and final remarks CHIC Emerging Conclusions 12 Overall project snapshot: all technical targets have been achieved (to end July 2015) Project total (incl. ICE Project goal for Parameter Phase 1 cities buses in Berlin) the Phase 1 cities Total distance travelled [km] 8,189,223 2,808,161 2,750,000 Total hours on FC system [h] 416,5921 184,469 160,000 Average FC runtime per bus [h] 7,7151 7,095 6,000 Replacement of diesel fuel [litres] 4,137,412 1,054,210 500,000 Total H2 refueled [kg] 1,117,083 268,303 1 This figure does not include the ICE buses in Berlin CHIC Emerging Conclusions 13 CONTENTS • Introduction • Project status • Emerging results – achievements and issues • Next steps and final remarks CHIC Emerging Conclusions 14 Satisfying the demands of daily bus operation • Operating range can meet the demand of bus operators, with up to 400 km demonstrated, and 20h of service/day; the fuel cell bus offers a flexibility of service equivalent to a diesel bus and fits well into the Bus Rapid Transit concept City Range1 Daily duty2 Aarau 180 - 250 km 18-20 hours Bolzano 220-250 km 12 hours Cologne 350 km 12-16 hours Hamburg 400 km 8 – 16 hours London 250 - 300 km 16-18 hours Milano 170 km Up to 16 hours Oslo 200 - 290 km (seasonal) Up to 17 hours Whistler3 366 – 467 km (seasonal) 4 – 22 hours • This compares well with the previous generation of fuel cell buses, whose range was less < 200 km, where buses were forced to operate in half day shifts before fuelling. 1 Average figures, also based on tank size and average consumption 2 Daily duty figure subject to route type (sites may operate the same bus on more than one route) 3 Planned operations ceased on 31st March 2014 CHIC Emerging Conclusions 15 Dramatic fuel economy improvements • One of the most significant results of the trial program is the improvement in the fuel economy: 9kg H2/100km app. for the 12m buses, which is more energy efficient than a diesel bus and a >50% improvement compared with previous fuel cell bus generation (HyFLEET:CUTE) • Why? use of fully hybridised powertrains, smaller and more-optimised fuel cell systems Average consumption fuel cell electric buses CHIC Emerging Conclusions 16 Rapid refuelling times • All European partners are able to fill a bus from empty in less than 10 minutes in average. City Refuelling time Station specification London <10 minutes 10 minutes Aargau <10 minutes 10 minutes Bolzano/Bozen <10 minutes 15 minutes Oslo <10 minutes 10 minutes Cologne <10 minutes 10 minutes Hamburg <10 minutes 10 minutes Whistler 20 minutes 10 minutes • Remaining concern around refuelling stations operation: inability of stations to meter hydrogen supply accurately enough (i.e. as for other conventional fuels) as no accurate hydrogen meter is currently available; an accurate metering system is under development for 700bar stations(cars), a further solution for 350bar stations is being investigated CHIC Emerging Conclusions 17 High station availability • The availability of stations in the CHIC project has been consistently high, with an average availability over 95% at most sites; and the stations are well integrated in busy bus depots • This compares favourably with the HyFLEET:CUTE project, where problems with on-site production, compression and dispensers dogged the trial City Availability to date* Aargau > 96% Bolzano >98% Londres > 98% Phase1 Milan > 94% Oslo > 94% Cologne > 97% Hambourg > 92% (since Aug. 2013: > 98%) Phase 0 Phase Whistler > 98% • However, this figure is not high enough to allow H2 to satisfy a large share of a city fleet – A new European project, NewBusFuel, starting in summer 2015 will look at engineering solutions for depots integrating a larger fuel cell bus fleet (50-200 buses) CHIC Emerging Conclusions 18 1preliminary figure - * Dec 2014 Availability: After having faced teething issues, most of the Phase 1 cities are reaching the project target • As is the case for all innovative technologies, one cannot expect a fuel cell bus to be 100% operational on day one, a teething period is necessary, during which lower availability is expected. This can be explained as the supply chain is still immature, and is expected to be solved with an increase in scale in the sector. • It has to be noted that the most of the issues are not directly linked to the fuel cell • An availability upgrade programme has been implemented in 2014 with positive results: the availability in some cities exceed 90%, with an average >80% in the Phase 1 cities Availability of fuel cell electric buses 1st half 2014 – availability upgrade program 19 Improving bus availability – ex. of corrective measures • Examples of components failures, corrective measures being implemented within an agreed deadline Problem (non-exhaustive list) Corrective solution Implementation timeline - Replacement of air pressure Oil level sensoring on the air pressure compressor (latest generation) Start 2.quarter 2014. compressor generates a yellow fault message - Installation of new software for the Completion in Dec. 2014 flexible programmable control unit Anchored within Replace of all fuses within the scope of High voltage fuses mechanically triggered maintenance schedule (6 the scheduled maintenance Monthly Service) Implementation of a light messaging Shut down of a Fuel cell-system generates a Implemented in June 2014.
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