r DEUTSCH-ÄTHIOPISCHER VEREIN E.V. e t t GERMAN ETHIOPIAN ASSOCIATION ä l www.deutsch-aethiopischer-verein.de b

s n o i t Ausgabe Februar 2005 a 2222200322003252003Nove m r o f

n I Kunst und Tourismus

Handel mit illegal erworbenen fast aussichtslos, etwas dagegen zu unternehmen. Das gilt jedenfalls so lange, wie die betroffenen Länder nicht Kunst- und Kulturgegenständen ihre Polizei- und Zollstellen damit betrauen, auch außer Landes gebrachten Kunstteilen nachzufahnden. Bernhard Schulte-Kemna Ein möglicher Weg könnte nämlich sein: wenn in Deutschland eine Anzeige erstattet wird, dass ein alter Die Schlagzeile „Ethiopian Heritages increasingly oder bedeutender Kunstgegenstand z.B. aus Äthiopien trafficked“ weiter hinten in dieser Ausgabe der in einer Galerie oder Internetversteigerung zu finden ist, „Informationsblätter“ verdient Beachtung! kann die Polizei dieses Teil zeitweilig sicherstellen. Allerdings muss dann innerhalb von wenigen Wochen Sie benennt ein Problem, dass es zwar schon immer aus dem Herkunftsland glaubhaft gemacht werden, latent gab, dass in Zeiten von Ebay und anderen woher der sichergestellte Gegenstand stammt, und ob Internet-Verkaufsplattformen aber Ausmaße annimmt, bzw. wie er kriminell abhanden kam. Danach kann es die nicht anders als mit Plünderung der Kulturschätze dann zur Gerichtsverhandlung kommen. Die gängige in vielen Regionen der Welt bezeichnet werden kann. Praxis ist leider noch so, dass bei den wenigen Und das betrifft praktisch alle Regionen der Welt, wo es angezeigten Fällen und Nachfragen deutscher alte Kulturen gab, sei es in Mexiko, Peru, Italien, dem Polizeistellen in den Herkunftsländern überhaupt keine Irak, Ex-Jugoslawien oder eben auch Äthiopien. Antwort zurückkommt. In der Regel werden die Hintergrund ist, dass meist Menschen in den reichen Zuständigkeiten nicht geklärt sein und es wird keine Nationen den Besitz von Kultgegenständen anstreben, Fachbehörden geben, wo derartige Vorgänge deren Bedeutung ihnen nichts sagt und die auch diese zusammenlaufen und weiter bearbeitet werden. Kultur nicht wertschätzen. Sie wollen aus Aber auch für Deutschland ist die Rechtslage alles Sammlerleidenschaft oder vielleicht auch aus andere als eindeutig. Gilt normalerweise der Grundsatz ästhetischen Gründen sich mit exotischen gemäß BGB, dass man „kein Eigentum an gestohlenem Gegenständen umgeben. In der Regel dürfte deren Gut“ erwerben kann, so gibt es doch Ausnahmen. Dieser Motivation nicht darin liegen, Verbindung zu einer Kultur genannte Grundsatz kann z.B. durch Verjährung zu schaffen, sondern allenfalls darin, sich von der entfallen. Wer nachweisen kann, dass er vor 10 Jahren eigenen Kultur abzuheben oder abzugrenzen. „im guten Glauben“ (d.h. ohne zu wissen, dass es Hatte man in früheren Zeiten dafür bei einer gestohlen war) ein Teil erworben hat, dem ist das Urlaubsreise das ein oder andere Erinnerungsstück im Eigentumsrecht nicht streitig zu machen. Ähnliches gilt Gepäck mitgebracht, gibt es heute gut organisiert (über auch in Versteigerungen mit einem amtlich bestellten allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen) und mit Zustellung Versteigerer. Wer einen Zuschlag von ihm erhält, ist frei Haus grenzenlose Auswahl zwischen Mali, Marokko, neuer Eigentümer – ohne wenn und aber. Tschad etc. und zwar immer mit dem Kick, das Ganze als „Schnäppchen“ erjagen zu können. Wo diese Teile herkommen, wie sie in den Handel kamen, wer dadurch geschädigt wurde, das alles interessiert diese Menschen nicht. Ihnen ist nur das „Haben“ wichtig – und zwar leider Inhaltsverzeichnis oft sogar ohne Sinn und Verstand. Schade! In den allermeisten Fällen dürften es an irgendeiner Stelle kriminelle Machenschaften sein, die den Handel Illegaler Kunsthandel 1 ermöglichen. Entweder sind es einfach alte, bedeutende Reading Ethiopia through its Art 2 Kulturgüter, deren Export verboten ist. In anderen Fällen Art News 4 sind es Raubgrabungen, Museumsplünderungen, Art Links 8 Diebstähle oder illegale Verkäufe von Tourism News 9 Gemeinschaftseigentum, das nicht hätte verkauft Tourism Links, Bücher 12 werden dürfen. Aktivitäten von Äthiopien-Initiativen 13 Links, Termine 15 Doch trotz des möglicherweise kriminellen Verschiedenes 17 Hintergrundes kommt man dieser Art von Handel nur Seven Days Update 19 ganz schlecht bei. Denn wenn die kriminelle Handlung Äthiopien-Konferenz 5. und 6.3.2005 28 im Herkunftsland passierte, dort aber nicht verfolgt werden konnte, in Deutschland hingegen alles nach den Gesetzen des Staates und der Kaufleute abläuft, ist es

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Da sich die staatlichen Stellen in Deutschland dieses iconic images, to contemporary fine art in which wachsenden illegalen Handels aber bewusst sind, wurde language symbols become monumental images on für Februar 2005 zu einer Konferenz nach Frankfurt canvas. eingeladen, bei der die verschiedenen, möglicherweise befassten Stellen auf den gleichen Wissensstand The Emergence of Ge’ez gebracht werden sollen, und wo Vorgehensweisen Among the many countries of Africa, Ethiopia is unique abgesprochen werden sollen. as having the continent’s only ancient written language Bei diesbezüglichen Fragen sind entweder die jeweiligen system. More than twenty-five hundred years ago, the Landeskriminalämter oder größere Polizeidienststellen people of the Axumite Kingdom, in what today is the ansprechbar. In der Zwischenzeit kann man nur northern highlands of Tigray province, spoke a Semitic versuchen, mehr Öffentlichkeit für das Thema zu language called Ge’ez, read and written, like Western schaffen und man kann hoffen, dass die betroffenen languages, from left to right. Länder - wie z.B. auch Äthiopien - eigene Fachbehörden Axum was a vital center in the ivory trade and at a einrichten, um diesen Handel zu unterbinden. Denn wie crossroads of trade routes for merchants from Greece so oft gilt: Computer und Internet beschleunigen die and Egypt in the Eastern Mediterranean; South Arabia Prozesse kolossal. Und wenn erst mal der Markt and Yemen on the Red Sea; and Persia and India in the „abgeräumt“ ist, gibt´s auch nichts mehr zu schützen. Near East. According to scholars, the Axumite Kingdome was established sometime between the seventh and third centuries BCE, as migrating Sabeans, a people from South Arabia, crossed the Red Sea and settled around “Reading” Ethiopia Axum. The Sabeans, speaking a Semitic language related to Phoenician and Hebrew, with an alphabet Through Its Art almost devoid of vowels, found among the Axumites a local language with an organized written system. Over by Patricia L. DiRubbo time, Axum’s indigenous language absorbed elements of Visiting a foreign country where I can’t read or speak the Sabean and evolved into Ge’ez and the Ethiopic script, language, I found one option is to “read” the culture’s art. with a syllabary of 228 symbols. In addition to On my recent trip to Ethiopia, where the lingua franca is introducing a system of coinage, and later the symbols Amharic, amidst more than eighty other distinct of the cross, Axum’s greatest contribution to Ethiopia’s languages and two-hundred regional dialects, I explored cultures was an organized system of communication. a treasure trove of inscriptions and cultural forms that On the site of ancient Axum, archeologists have gave me an introduction to the country’s history and its unearthed stone sculptures and remains of temples that long and ancient tradition of two-dimensional art. skillfully blend words and images. These earliest Ethiopia is one of the few countries in Africa with an sculptures and architectural fragments, estimated to be established tradition of paintings; in fact, it’s even hard to from the fifth to fourth centuries BCE, bear inscriptions in find masks, woodcarvings and other sculptural artifacts what is thought to be Sabean. Several of these artifacts that we usually associate with African art. are now housed in the National Museum in Addis Ababa. Two particularly striking pieces are: a female statue, The country’s tradition of incorporating language into thought to be from a temple to a moon goddess; and an visual arts spans the centuries, from the religious and altarpiece, presumably from the same or a similar spiritual traditions that use literal texts to underscore temple. “Reading” the elongated, geometric inscriptions carved in stone, I detected tales of major migrations and the probable influence of Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, and Phoenician on Ge’ez and the Ethiopic script. Even with no literal understanding of the symbols, I appreciated the artistic interplay of word and image, and wondered about the intent of the sculptors and carvers. Why did they include words? Were they simply following tradition? Or, Herausgeber: in their belief system, were words more than simply Deutsch-Äthiopischer Verein e.V. identifiers, naming objects? Were words, instead, c/o Rudolf Schoppmann, Am Bildstock 31 imbued with magical powers? While we can only 48317 Drensteinfurt speculate on why they included texts on stone, I sensed that, for those early sculptors, language had both beauty Redaktion: H. Storck, I. Hartmann and power. The inscriptions in stone, prominent on Redaktionsanschrift: temples and worshipped deities, bore witness to the E-Mail: [email protected] human lives that created them. They had language; they had power; and they left their “mark.” Die „Blätter“ des Deutsch-Äthiopischen Vereins Word and Image in Religious Art erscheinen 3 Mal im Jahr. The rise of Christianity in Ethiopia in the third to fourth Die Kosten pro Ausgabe betragen 5,50 Euro inkl. centuries AD inspired what would become a long Porto, das Abonnement 16,50 Euro. tradition of inscriptions on parchment. Coptic monks Mitglieder bekommen die „Blätter“ kostenlos. were masters of Ge’ez, translating Old and New Namentlich gekennzeichnete Artikel geben nicht Testaments, and laboriously inscribing Ge’ez texts into unbedingt die Meinung des Vereins wieder. parchment books. Through contacts with Greek and Spendenkonto: Postgiroamt Hamburg Egyptian Orthodox Christian art, Ethiopian scribes and BLZ 200 100 20, Kto. 771680-201 Church artists incorporated elements of Byzantine art IBAN: DE 93 2001 0020 0771 6802 01 and developed their own styles of icons and illuminated manuscripts. Typically, only monks read and wrote

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Ge’ez; the general populace was for the most part California, draws deeply on his heritage and at the same illiterate. Ge’ez is still referred to as the “Latin” of time elevates the language to an art form. Ethiopia and, other than clerics, few Ethiopian today In his current series of paintings, entitled The Color of read or write the language. Words, Wosene, as the first Ethiopian painter to use The Amharic/Ethiopic script of today evolved out of Amharic calligraphy in contemporary art, focuses on the Ge’ez in the Lasta-Lalibela and Gondar provinces in the visual content of each syllable. By elongating, north around the eleventh and twelfth centuries. At that distorting, disassembling, and reshaping the symbols, he time, influenced by Christian illuminated manuscripts, reveals to viewers the “visual voice” of syllables and monks added significant rounded embellishments to the words. earlier, more geometric, language characters. The style Rather than imitating pre-historic carvings, Coptic icons, of the script has changed over the centuries, from or the crude, almost child-like grave marker drawings, elongated geometric forms carved in stone to delicate Wosene – who received his artistic training at the Addis rounded shapes in current Ethiopic fonts. School of Fine Arts and his MFA at Howard University in By the fifteenth century, Ethiopian religious icons had a Washington, DC - transforms language symbols into well-developed style. Similar to those in Europe, they human forms, architectural shapes, and textile designs. most often portrayed images of the Virgin and the Child, In his works, full of colorful calligraphy, you can “read” yet added new saints, such as St. George slaying the visual stories of human relationships, community rituals, dragon. Ge’ez symbols appeared on parchment and activities in daily life. For Wosene, the language paintings, at times simply stating the name of Mary and symbols become the monumental image, and his the Child, St. George, and local saints, such as Tekle paintings offer us yet another visual doorway into the Haymanot and Abuna Gebre Menfes Qeddus. Later, Ethiopian culture: the script itself as art. wealthy citizens, the new patrons of the Church, Dr. Christa Clarke, curator of Wosene’s recent exhibition commissioned paintings that included not only their at the Newark Museum in New Jersey (USA), explains names, but also texts describing their civic achievements that Wosene’s symbols can be viewed as “bone and social status. fragments” of the culture, similar to those of “Lucy” Few icons and manuscripts created prior to the fifteenth (Dinqnesh in Amharic), the 3.2 million-year-old pre- century remain; most were destroyed with the churches hominid found in Hadar and now preserved in the that housed them as a result of invasions and wars. National Museum in Addis. His words too tell tales of a However, several remarkable icon paintings from the culture that is pre-historic, ancient, and unique in Africa. fifteenth through eighteenth centuries are preserved in a You might say Wosene has followed in the steps of his number of sites, including the National Museum, the predecessors in the Amhara regions of Lalibela and Institute for Ethiopian Studies of the Addis Ababa Gondar, yet he has taken the language into a new University in Sidist Kilo, and the rock hewn church of aesthetic dimension. The international visual language of Lalibela and Tigray. his art allows even non-Ethiopian speakers access to the Ethiopian inscriptions in art span the sacred and history and cultures of Ethiopia through his profane, the ancient and modern and include pre-historic contemporary art. and historic inscribed stones at Axum and Tigray in the By learning to “read” – that is, to appreciate – visual north; impressively carved and inscribed pre-historic forms of a language, my travels through Ethiopia stelae at Tiya, two hours south of Addis Ababa; religious transformed into a journey of discovery of meaning in icons and illuminated manuscripts in Ethiopia’s famous form. Although I was unable to understand the literal rock hewn churches of Lalibela and Tigray; original sense of inscriptions, I recognized the power of talismanic and prayer scrolls painted in magical colors of centuries-old traditions of visual communication that red and black, and embellished with geometric images integrate words and images. Asking myself: What and faces of angels, as well as written prayers and inspires artists to link words with images?, I began to invocations. Samples of original scrolls are preserved in understand that this linkage engages both mind and museums, and good “knock-offs” can be found in spirit, thought and emotion, in apprehending visual souvenir shops in the Addis Mercato, one of Africa’s messages that are spiritual, that can have healing largest outdoor markets. power, and provide a doorway to “feel” a culture. Striking modern examples of word-image artifacts are Rather than being limited by my language deficiency, the occasional clusters of Christian and Muslim grave and instead learning to “read” shapes and colors of the monuments dotting the asphalted road to Awassa, inscriptions, I experienced what the Columbia University several hours south of Addis. These local cemetery educator, Maxine Greene, once wrote that, by engaging markers, constructed of layered and painted cement works of art, striving to “see for the first time,” we slabs, provide welcomed swatches of color on an exercise ourselves in the “art of being present.” With otherwise dusty scrub and acacia landscape. The my new visual language skills, I was able to “see for the primitive images, drawn in bold primary colors, tell first time” many aspects of Ethiopia’s cultures and stories of important local personages, such as teachers, recognize they are not simply different than my own – proudly sitting at their desks poring over books, or and there are many differences! – but rather I found my horsemen on their favorite stallion. A massive Zebu bull curiosity engaged: in those difficult moment when I find decorates another grave marker, symbolizing the life of myself in an unfamiliar culture, when I want to compare the cattleman at eternal rest in the sand. and judge differences- and even complain- I pause, sit Language and Contemporary Art back, and ask myself: “What else is here in this In the contemporary paintings of the Ethiopian-born moment? What am I not yet seeing? What is there here artist, Wosene Worke Kosrof, the word-image tradition is to discover or to apprehend? taken one step further: rather than striving for any literal meaning in his paintings, Wosene makes Amharic (Patricia DiRubbo owns Shemani Designs in Berkeley, calligraphy the focus of his work – the language itself CA, an arts management company. She can be becomes the image. Like artists before him, this reached at [email protected]) internationally recognized painter who now lives in

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abroad with a new artistic style grew steadily. The Art News graduates of the Addis Ababa Fine Art School followed this in the 1960s, resulting in three main artistic movements that remained popular until 1974 when the Ethiopian revolution broke out. Ethiopian heritages increasingly trafficked First is the realistic or naturalistic and "naïve" style used http://www.theafricamonitor.com/resources/33%20- to represent Ethiopian passion and glamour. Like most English%20issue%20August%203,%202004.pdf Ethiopian literature and the music of the time, the subject ADDIS ABABA - Aug. 2004 - Authority for Research and matter of the paintings was based on a new reality - Conversation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) said on Nationalism. Tuesday that there is a dire need to protect Ethiopian Second is abstractionism, Expressionism and heritage from trafficking. The Authority called on the Surrealism; the examination of spirituality in the style of public to support the efforts being exerted to curb the the Western avant-garde movement, which, in most illicit trafficking of heritages. The heritages are trafficked instances was an assertion of Ethiopian and African under the name of awards, prizes and trading goods by identity through the visual arts. some individuals. The Third is an impressionist, expressionist or social- Kirs is widely defined as any thing that explains the realistic style. Intended to be sentimental and political in ancient civilization that a country had and a creation of nature, it depicted the cluttered shabby streets of the prominent Ethiopian people made form materials that cities, urban scenes and the downtrodden masses. … can not be found in present time. In addition, kirsis are also said to represent the culture of certain nationalities in a unique way. Meanwhile, ARCCH is undertaking the Ethiopia hosts its largest concert ever in construction of conservation laboratory with 29 million honour of Bob Marley birr. ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) 21.1.05 - India.Arie, Angelique Kidjo and the Marley family join a roster of international music stars here next month to celebrate Contemporary Ethiopian Art and Globalization the 60th birthday of late reggae legend Bob Marley - the http://www.ethiopianart.org/articles/articles.php?id=36 first time the event has been held outside the singer's Esseye Medhin native Jamaica. Hundreds of thousands are expected to participate in a month of festivities starting Feb. 1 June 1, 2004 - …, Modern Ethiopian artists of the last dubbed Africa Unite in tribute to one of Marley's many century were educated in almost every major city of the famous songs. The highlight is Ethiopia's largest ever world. For contemporary Ethiopian Art, global is a fait concert on Marley's birthday, Feb. 6, in the capital, Addis accompli. Globalization, however, is more a question of artistic and cultural survival and avoiding artistic isolation Ababa. Marley's wife, Rita, together with the African Union and UN Children's Fund, is organizing the $1- than it is an unrealistic fight or inclusion in a million US celebrations expected to be broadcast in destabilizing, and menacing international art market and Africa and beyond. Ethiopia was chosen as the venue commerce environment. Now a days, when nations of because of the country's holy place in Marley's the world are regrouping according to their spiritual and Rastafarian faith. cultural strength, namely as Arabic speaking, Francophone, Latin speaking, Anglophone, etc., or with special ties to their ex-colonial rulers or religious “The Blue Horse” Film screened at Hilton affiliations, it is only her arts which can spiritually and http://www.capitalethiopia.com/Artandculture.htm culturally connect Ethiopia globally. Since currently globalization is associated with Americanization and Selome Kifle since Ethiopian art has a long-standing history and Capital, 28.12.2004 - The Blue Horse, a new film, interest in American art, it cannot afford to dissociate written and directed by renowned TV and radio actor, itself from the best of American Art. It can, however, Serawit Fikre, was launched at the Addis Ababa Hilton dissociate itself from the heavily commercialized on Tuesday, December 21, in the presence of 2,000 mainstream American art movement. … invited guests. The film illustrates a scene of conspiracy to steal a confidential study purported to change the negative image of Ethiopia. The central character - 20th Century Ethiopian Art: An Introduction engineer Eskinder - played by Serawit himself, is an Esseye Medhin Ethiopian engineer who has been making scientific Debre Hayk Ethiopian Art Gallery, 1990 surveys on the Blue Nile River for 14 years, during his stay in the United Kingdom, in an attempt to bring a http://www.the3rdman.com/ethiopianart/contents.html dramatic change in his homeland. The engineer’s plan is Christian Ethiopian painting flourished for hundreds of to generate rainfall from the Blue Nile River and other years, in the churches and monasteries of highland essential rivers through scientific studies with the aim of Abyssinia. But at the beginning of this century, it was turning the country, Ethiopia, into a dreamland. But at giving way to a new kind of artistic representation. The that point, anomalous issues carried out by a group of forerunners for this new art were the church-trained individuals were created to steal his studies and transfer dissident painters, and other self-taught artists who them to a third party. The Blue Horse is a two-hour received some commissions for their work. These artists, movie full of adventure, drama, suspense and comedy along with those who got their art education in Ethiopia that will entertain individuals from any age group. and Europe in 1920s and 1930s, brought about a new One viewer told Capital that without the participation of practice in the visual arts culture in modern Ethiopia. By the 1940s, this new class of painters were being hired by prominent actors in town - Zinash Getachew, Kiros H/Selassie, Tesfaye G/Hanna, Shimeles Bekele and the government and recognized as professionals. And Solomon Bogale - the film would not have been such an by the 1950s, the number of painters, those coming from interesting movie. “I believe that, together with Serawit,

Seite 4 they gave life to the film and I think Serawit had made a and lower parts of the gum with colour similar to black great choice in selecting the cast,” said the viewer, used mostly by young women and men in the adding, “Nowadays local film production is showing an countryside of Ethiopia. But what makes this type of improvement as different film techniques are being decorative form of art popular is its nature in creating applied during production and shooting.” colors pleasing to the eye. The group, which was “When I first saw the script I thought I would finish it established seven months ago by six young artists - within two days but I finished it right away because I Nuru Abegaz, Zelalm Gizaw, Binyam Worku, Dereje could not stop reading it,” commented Zenashi. “Even Telahun, Dawit Telahun, Dawit Adnew and Michael without sound and light effects in making films, the script Tesgaye - has displayed 48 of their work done with can be amazing even if it is published through books.” different techniques. Dawit Adnew, one of the group Serawit has been in the entertainment profession for members, told Capital that they named the exhibition many years. He got his break in 1987, where he played Guramayle because each of the group members have Abiye Zergawu on a weekly radio drama titled “Abiye used different colour arrangements, structures, forms Zergawu” that lasted for 62 weeks. He has also written and techniques. Michael has displayed works done with scripts and has directed more than 15 films. He directed, oil colours and spray on paper of which various forms produced and played in different stage dramas including and structures can be seen. He told Capital that the Kidankirawu Geribba, Firashi Medda, Yekrchilewu forms and structures were done unconsciously, that they Zefagne and many others that has made him admired by were created during the moment while working on the his fans. paintings as he was listening to classical music. That, he said, may have had an effect on his work in creating different tones. On Binyam’s works, a line depicting a 23 paintings on show cracked object leaving a hole-like image in the middle http://www.capitalethiopia.com/Artandculture.htm can be observed, whereas Dawit’s paintings were done with a semi-abstract technique. He said his work Selome Kifle represents the Ethiopian tradition. “Tradition is the Capital, 28.12.2004 - A collection of 23 paintings by starting point to doing my paintings,” said Dawit. Nuru, Ethiopian painter, Adamseged Michael, done within four who has exhibited works done with different mixed years, is on show for two days beginning Sunday, media such as plaster added to his paintings on paper. December 26, at Addis Ababa Hilton. In this exhibition One viewer commented that “the colour contrast (black titled “Spot”, the painter employed two different and white) have a power to attract the eye and what techniques: realistic and semi-abstract to convey his makes this exhibition more attractive is the display of a thoughts and imagination. On one of his paintings titled canvas having two sides with two different paintings by “The two horses”, Adamseged portrays a landscape Nuru,” adding that he did this to show a painter can use background with sunset using colours appealing to the the two sides of a canvas. All six members of the Kitab eye but almost using half of the canvas to paint figures group graduated from the Addis Ababa Fine Art & depicting two horses- one in black and the other with Design. This is their first group exhibition after the cream grey colour. Adamseged told Capital that this establishment of Kitab seven months ago. exhibition is a collection of his works done within four years of which he experimented on different ideas and subject areas. “Currently I am working with oil colours Dinkinesh Gallery inaugurated and experimenting on realistic techniques,” he said. On Addis Ababa, 25.12.2004 - Dinkinesh fine arts and some of the painter’s work, a stroke-like line running recreation gallery was inaugurated here at the Lafto horizontally on the canvas can be noticed. “The stroke Sub-City. The gallery is owned by a private citizen. The represents speed, especially to emphasize moments,” gallery displays the works of a number of painters and said Adamseged. “It is about the last seven paintings I sculptors. The former residence of Bitwadad worked on while planning to hold this exhibition. With Endalkachew Mekonnen houses the gallery after it was these lines I want to express how time or moments pass made to fit to serve a venue where local visitors and by so quickly.” The painter added that though a lot of foreign tourists come and get entertained. The gallery artists work representing these ideas, his paintings are would attract tourists as the city is a seat of a number of done with realistic technique and have figurative forms international organizations, Addis Ababa Tourism or objects. “I believe that what makes my work different Commissioner Matias Gebremariam said on the is that in having strokes I am expressing time,” said the occasion. Gallery owner Melaku Getachew on his part painter. Specialized in painting, Adamseged graduated said 12 exhibitions would be hosted at the gallery from the Addis Ababa Fine Art & Design in 1988. He has annually. At the inaugural, seven artists displayed their in the past participated in a number of group and solo workers. exhibitions at the UN Economic Commission for Africa, Alliance Gallery, Addis Ababa Hilton and the Italian Cultural Institute. He was a president and member of an Speaker calls for periodic organization of folk artists association called “Haddis International dance, music festival Association”, which existed only for four years. Currently Addis Ababa, December 07, 2004 (WIC) - The Speaker Adamseged works as a freelance graphic designer on of House of Federation, Dr. Mulatu Teshome said that his own, and plans to open a design company in the the folk music and dance festival of nations and near future. nationalities that has been staged at a national level should be strengthened and organized periodically. Guramayle body decoration – exhibition Closing the four-day national festival at Addis Ababa stadium today, Dr. Mulatu said the organization of the Selome Kifle festival helps strengthen integrated actions of nations, A two-week exhibition titled Guramayle by a group called nationalities and peoples in building national peace, Kitab is currently on show at Alem Gallery since democratic and cultural issues. Such a festival should Thursday, December 23, 2004. Guramayle is a type of not be a one-time event, the speaker said, adding that decorative form of art (tattoo) used to beautify the upper governmental and non-governmental organizations

Seite 5 should consolidate it due to its national importance. He Gebre Kristos Gallery inaugurated by said the four-day festival played crucial role in Presidents Girma, Koehler introducing culture of nations and nationalities to the Addis Ababa, December 14, 2004 (ENA) - President youth. Minister of Youth, Sports and Culture, Teshome Girma Wolde-Giorgis and His Excellency Prof. Dr. Horst Toga said, on his part, that the festival created forum to Koehler President of the Federal Republic of Germany introduce folk music and dance of nations and yesterday inaugurated the Gebre Kristos Gallery and the nationalities, which are reflections of their identities to German Cultural Institute. It was formerly a historic the public, and get acquainted to one another. A festival Palace of Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen Haile-Silasie. focused on arts has much importance to strengthen unity Speaking on the occasion, President Koehler said that among people, and also for economic and social the centre would enable foster the bilateral relations of development, Teshome said, adding that the festival, in the tow sisterly countries. The president also said that this respect has played crucial role. The Minister, who Ethiopia could be a good example for many other said that arts and culture have their own roles in countries in the world in its experience of enabling the attainment of development goals, added accommodating many nations and nationalities living in that much is therefore expected from them. harmony. “Stability, harmony and coexistence are very Representatives of nations and nationalities which essential for combating poverty and backwardness. We presented their performances during the festival can fight poverty when people get the chance to help received certificates and trophy awards from Dr. Mulatu one another, Prof. Dr. Koehler added. According to the Teshome, Speaker of the House of the Federations at president, it was the wish of the late Gebre-Kristos the closing ceremony. Senior Government officials, Desta, a painter and a writer for his work to be returned Ambassadors, tourists, and residents of Addis Ababa home when peace, stability and democracy reign in the attended the closing ceremony. country. “It is time now, for his works to be returned in spite of the need for some improvements,” he said. Wasserhahn - Yäweha-bomba “Ethiopia is in the right track in the fight against poverty Interkulturelles Projekt für Kinder und Jugendliche in and backwardness. It is also making a relent less effort zwei Phasen. Äthiopier gestaltet mit Kindern Wasser- for the better future of the country. In this regard, Bilder sharing the German experience would be of paramount importance. President of the Addis Ababa University http://www.werk-2.de/wasserhahn (AAU) Andreas Eshete on his part said that the Leipziger Volkszeitung, 10.11.04 - Solomon Wija wuchs establishment of the cultural centre on campus enables in Äthiopien auf und weiß daher genau, was ongoing and intimate interplay and solidarity between Wassermangel bedeutet. Nicht jeder Mensch hat in dem Ethiopia and Germany culture. “AAU’s mission to afrikanischen Land Zugang zum fließenden Nass. embrace and enrich diversity will surely benefit from Dieses Problem lässt den 45-Jährigen, der seit 20 German Cultural presence in our midst. We are also Jahren in Leipzig lebt, bis heute nicht los. Deshalb happy to celebrate the return, at long last, of Gebre gründete der gelernte Maler und Grafiker das Projekt Kristos’ trailblazing creative work to his beloved home, "Wasserhahn". Seit März arbeitet er zusammen mit Ethiopia,” He said. According to the president Gebre- Kindern im Werk II und hilft den jungen Künstlern, ihre Kristos is a pioneer of modern art in Ethiopia as well as a Gedanken kreativ auszudrücken. "Wasser ist überall auf mentor and an inspiration to generations of Ethiopian der Welt ein Thema. Es ist auch für Kinder einfach zu artists “ In his work, he casts us in an unusual heroic verstehen. Dennoch herrschen in vielen Ländern light,” he said. The site for the commemoration of the unterschiedliche Vorstellungen darüber", erklärt centennial of the signing of the Ethio-Germany Solomon Wija den Titel "Wasserhahn". Gefördert wird Friendship Treaty, would serve as Gebre-Kristos Desta’s die Aktion durch den Fonds Soziokultur und dem permanent exhibition. The centre would be inaugurated Regierungspräsidium Leipzig. Über 150 Steppkes on 7 March 2005. Professor Dr. Horst Koehler has also gestalteten bereits Plakate, Postkarten und Bücher. attended a panel discussion on “The Academy and "Manchmal kommen über 20 Jugendliche hierher. Die Development” held at the premises of Mekonnen Hall verwendete Technik spielt keine Rolle. Linol- oder Palace of the AAU late in the after noon. German and Holzschnitt, Radierung, Plastik oder Bleisatz sind Ethiopian scholars have attended the panel discussion in möglich. Mitmachen kann jeder im Alter zwischen 8 und which various issues were raised regarding technical 16 Jahren", sagt der Afrikaner. Unterstützt werden die utilization of scientific knowledge and other related Kinder von Andreas Weißgerber. Der Werkstattleiter hilft matters. bei den Druckverfahren, so dass zahlreiche Werke die

Wände und Decken der Buchdruckerei schmücken. "Die Motive aller Werke drucken wir gleichzeitig auf Elderly say committed to uphold cultural Postkarten", erzählt Solomon Wija. Die Karten nimmt der values, fight poverty 45-Jährige diesen Monat mit auf seinen Flug nach Awassa, November 19, 2004 (WIC) - The elderly in Äthiopien. Leipziger Kinder haben ihre Adressen drauf Sidama Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and geschrieben, so dass sogar Brieffreundschaften Peoples State (SNNPS) said they would exert utmost entstehen könnten. In einer Schule von Addis Abeba efforts in upholding their cultural values alongside the wird der Grafiker zusammen mit äthiopischen Kindern fight against poverty and backwardness. Recently ebenfalls künstlerisch über Wasser sinnieren. "Die celebrating the new year of the Sidama nationality in the gesamten Kunststücke werden dann zu einem Buch State, over 10,000 elderly drawn from Hagereselam, zusammengefasst. Texte ggfll. übersetzt. Somit können Arbego and Guguma woredas of the zone said they are die Menschen die unterschiedlichen Auffassungen von committed to carrying out development activities through Wasser aus dem anderen Land kennen lernen", sagt der the integration of resources and manpower in their Wahlleipziger. respective localities. They said the various popular Veröffentlicht werden die Projekte während einer großen conferences conducted on development policies and Ausstellung im Januar 2005. strategies of the country in an open and transparent manner have created fertile ground in further pursuing

Seite 6 development activities in the State. They have also also a painter. “My father painted saints on church walls expressed on the occasion their readiness and in churches in the countryside, where he was living.” commitment in ensuring gender equality and eradicating From 1980 to 1983 Zewdu exhibited his painting harmful traditional practices including abduction, rape individually and in group at different venues, including and female genital mutilation together with the smooth the Alliance Ethio-Franceaise, Juventus Club, Addis transfer of cultural heritages and values from generation Ababa City Hall and Italian Cultural Institutes. to generation. Public Mobilization and Social Affairs Coordination Office Head of the Hagereselam woreda, Teshale Shelemo said on his part that the public in the Begegnung mit der Filmemacherin Madji-da woreda have executed various development projects Abd aus Äthiopien worth over 18 million birr during the past two years. (im Jahr 2004 Jury Mitglied der BERLINALE) Religious heads and the elderly have contributed a lot in http://www.tvtv.de/cgi-bin/WebObjects/EPG.woa advocating the local community in the implementation of the stated development activities, he added. The new dctp - Kinomagazin, 22.10.04 - Sie leitet das year of the Sidama nationality is observed beginning panafrikanische Filmfest in Addis Abeba. Sie selbst hat from the middle of October up until the beginning of den Film gemacht "Von der anderen Seite des Flusses". November with various events, including ceremonies Der Film beschreibt in eindrucksstarken Bildern das organized to settle conflicts among the various clans and Leben und Leiden von Frauen und Kindern im to discuss the social and economic issues of the locality. Grenzkrieg zwischen Äthiopien und Eritrea. Die Äthiopier, christliche Kopten, besitzen eine reiche und alte Kultur von Bilddarstellungen, die geschichtliche und Work of Art on Delicate Object religiöse Legenden beschreiben. Äthiopier waren nur Muluneh Gebre schwer für die bewegten Bilder des Kinos zu gewinnen. Das Kino hieß lange Zeit für sie "das Haus des Teufels". Addis Tribune, 5.11.2004 - Oftentimes painters do not give titles to their works of art. This is because they believe that it is up to the individual to interpret the art in Collection of poems of veteran fighter a way that he or she perceives it. “Any work of art means inaugurated different to different people and through it people gain Addis Ababa, September 08, 2004 (WIC) - “Soaring knowledge, happiness, confidence, freedom and Spirits”, a collection of poems in English written by become familiar with the culture and places that they Yemane Kidane, alias Jamaica, was officially might not know before,” says Zewdu Gebremichael, an inaugurated yesterday at a ceremony held at the artist who has been making a living out of paining for Sheraton Addis. Yemane was among TPLF veteran over 20 years now. Zewdu Gebremichael specializes in guerrilla fighters engaged in armed rebellion against the engraving images on glass, cups, vases, and plates. He Derg Regime and who then served his country in various started glass engraving while working for Ethiopia capacities following the fall of the military regime until his Reflection PLC, a shop that sells antiques and traditional recent retirement. Speaking at the launching ceremony, jewellery. A graduate from the Addis Ababa University Information Minister Berket Simeon said that the poems School of Fine Arts, he learned the skill from two would cast a glimpse of light on those events that foreigners and worked in the shop for three years as a moulded the politics of armed struggle against the senior painter, during which time he produced various military junta. He said Yemane’s literary pieces could images, including images of people wearing traditional also have an important bearing in some way to the Ethiopian garments, the Lion of Judah and endemic understanding of the course of the struggle together with animals on glass sold mainly to tourists, NGOs and the movement and the events that shaped it. embassies. “I have always wanted to reflect Ethiopian culture in my engravings. For example, I engrave image The minister appreciated Yemane to be the first of the of Ethiopian faces in the traditional style, adding some surviving senior fighters and officials to share the long modern elements but I engrave according to the wishes and eventful road of the struggle together with his of my customers. Some people want me to engrave their personal views, while most of the survivors from the long portrait using a photograph and other want me to guerrilla years are often unwilling to speak about engrave an image of people in traditional Ethiopian themselves or the organization to which they devoted clothing,” the painter says, adding, “The process of most of their adult lives. Author of the book, Yemane engraving begins with the artist drawing the desired Kidane said on the occasion that the poems are image on a piece of paper. products of his personal feelings, emotions and thoughts at a given particular time and place in which most of This drawing is fixed on the glass and the engraving them were written in the 1980s when he was serving as machine is then used to cut the lines on the glass. There a guerrilla fighter against Derg. Dr. Awol Endris, are two kinds of glasses crystal glass and regular glass. Assistant Professor in the Department of Foreign Crystal is so fragile that it can be broken easily but I like Languages and Literature of the Addis Ababa University, to engrave on crystal glass as the image on it looks very also said that the poems dwell on the protest against a beautiful.” The artist makes two kinds of engravings, light repressive system fought both internally and externally engraving which is so thin and can not be felt with one’s as well as the author’s individual frustration of a retreat, finger and deep engravings, which can be felt well. The elation of a victory and his bitter memories experienced price he sets for images engraved on glasses depends during those battle days. “Soaring Sprits” has compiled on the size of the engraving and the cost of the glass. in it about 57 poems. Apart from engraving images, Zewdu also makes and sells sculptures and paintings and also works on traditional Ethiopian paintings of saints. “Training in HIV/AIDS awareness drama "Maleda" got graphics art gives one multiple skills because it includes underway here on Thursday painting, illustration poster art, wood art, silk screen out and computerized art,” Zewdu says. Zewdu comes from Addis Ababa, 11.6.2004 - ENA - Population Media an artistic family. Zewdu’s father was a priest and was Center-Ethiopia said HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities should be supported by study to be able to

Seite 7 achieve fruitful results, Center Representative said. instance, the writer of the film died a month after we Nigusie Tefera said prevention and control of the began shooting the movie. It took us about 300,000 birr pandemic would help bring about behavioural change if just to make the movie. Following the success of this supported by studies and researches. Dr. Nigusie made movie, we hope to make many more that could entertain the remark while delivering a speech at a half-day and educate the people of Ethiopia," Amelework said. workshop organized to evaluate the achievements Yaldereke Enba was written by the late Habtamu gained through an HIV/AIDS awareness drama called Wubetu and was directed by Afework Mana. "Maleda" that got underway here on Thursday. He said the series drama, which was produced based on an interview with commercial sex workers and long distance drivers working along the Ethio-Djibouti Railway, is supported by study and research. Dr. Nigusie said 7,000 Art Links copies of the Drama recorded in audiocassettes were distributed to bars, commercials sex workers, truck drivers, military camps and various sections of the society. The drama has got acclaim from the public, Addis Ababa University School of Fine Arts and according to the representative. He said Maleda has Design. enabled dozens of commercial sex workers and drivers http://www.geocities.com/aaufineart/design.htm to go for voluntary HIV/test. Several commercial sex workers have also been abandoning prostitution, Dr. [email protected]; [email protected] Nigusie said. Artists and representatives of NGOs and governmental organizations attended the workshop The Source of Colours - Production Methods of organized by the center in collaboration with Save the Natural Colours in Ethiopian Traditional Art Children USA and USAID. Workshop in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, December 7 – 12, 2003 New ethiopian fiction film underway: “…and By Annegret Marx then the rains return” http://www.dworschak-marx.de/Source%20of%20 http://www.ethiopianfilms.com/frame2.html Colours%20WEB.pdf ethiopianfilms.com, a site that supports and promotes For (traditional) painters, teachers, art-students and Ethiopian films, is pleased to announce its next major conservators. venture. Producer/director Yemane I. Demissie and writer Solomon Deressa have collaborated to produce a Ethiopian Artists - Who is Who 100-minute fiction film entitled “…and then the rains return”. Set in Ethiopia, and based on a true story, this http://www.the3rdman.com/ethiopianart/whoswho/a.htm dramatic film tells the story of how a small rural community battled against and survived the Spanish Ethio-Sudanese Grooves & Images Influenza (Ye Hidar Beshita in Amharic), the worst epidemic in human history, killing nearly 40 million Ein neues Kapitel der Fusion von afrikanischer Musik mit people worldwide. Yemane I. Demissie's works include dem Jazz eröffnete der in Weltmusik erfahrene Kölner the critically acclaimed film, Gir-Gir (Tumult), which he Musiker Felix Petry mit seiner Ethio-Jazz Suite. wrote, directed and produced, and which has won him Die Ethio-Jazz Suite wurde unter großer Begeisterung numerous awards in the United States, South Africa, des an sich ja eher zurückhaltenden äthiopischen Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, and France. Solomon Deressa Publikums im Frühjahr 2003 in Addis vorgestellt. is a poet and writer of internationally renown, whose Die besten Musiker der Ethio-Pop-Szene (Gitarre: Girum most recent works include a collection of poems Zebet Mezmur, Bass: Be'ale Merawie, Elfitu, published in 1998. Together, they have embarked Schlagzeug: Ali Ashenafi, Congas: Yohannes 'Johnny' on the production of a compelling story celebrating Welde Ethiopian courage, resilience and ingenuity. unterstützt von Felix Petry (Sax, Arr./Comp.), Inga Lühning (Gesang) und Markus Körner (Keyboard) Yaldereke Enba in cinemas Einige Mitschnitte aus dem Konzert in "bootleg" Qualität http://www.theafricamonitor.com/artcorner/index.htm unter: ADDIS ABABA (January 16,2005) - Addis film http://www.felix-petry.de/alp/ production, has released its debut film Yaldereke Enba wedding song recently at Alem Cinema. According to the owner of Das Abschlusslied des Abends, ein fröhlicher und Addis Film production company Amelework Tadesse, mitreißender Schlusspunkt, den das Publikum noch "The film revolves around the times of Red Terror lange im Ohr hat. Zwischenapplaus für große und kleine (during the Dergue regime). Lead actress, Helen Gäste, die sich von der Spielfreude der Band mitreißen Cherinet, who has lived most of her life abroad and lassen und einfach auf die Bühne kommen, um whose father was killed during the Dergue regime and mitzusingen und mitzutanzen. whose mother was raped during that time comes back to her homeland in pursuit of her identity." The movie was gash wella lomo filmed in Gondar, Wonji and Addis Ababa. It took about a Eigentlich ein Lied für Kinder, eine Volksweise über den year to produce including the script writing and other "Gevatter" (Gash") Wella Lomo. aspects of making a movie. It has a crew of 60 and runs sudanetio suite for one hour and a half. The movie being screened at Alem Cinema and Hager Fiker Theatre contains many Der "Brot-und-Butter"-Rhythmus der Äthiopier: 12 amateur artists and veterans as well. "In producing the Achtel, von Bass und Schlagzeug verwirrend film we had gone through a lot of ups and downs. For gegeneinander gespielt, ein dichter Teppich von Energie

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Kontakt: Markus Körner, Salzertstr. 24, 79540 Lörrach, remains of Australopithecus Ramides which is Tel. 07621 - 91 55 379; E-Mail: [email protected] considered to be man’s anthropoid ancestor, and the earliest hand tools of humans unearthed in the Omo valley appeal not only to specialists, but anyone A Tribute to Skunder interested in the early beginnings of human civilization. He was painting and design instructor at the Addis Ethiopia is a mosaic of peoples and cultures Ababa School of Fine Arts between 1966 and 1969. http://www.blenartshow.com/honorary.php More than 80 languages are spoken and two of the world’s major religions (Christianity and Islam) plus a number of less-known faiths are followed, resulting in Addis Art Presented the Paintings of Shiferaw Girma great cultural diversity. Religious and other cultural at the Del Mar Theater in Los Angeles festivals, with roots in the distant past, are very colourful http://addis-art.com/publicity/ and continue to form an important part of communal life. The physical features of the country include high plateaux, long mountain ranges, lofty Julie Mehretu: Africa’s Gift to the 21st century Art peaks, deep gorges, the largest cave in Africa (Sof World Omar), one of the lowest depressions on earth (Dallol), the Great Rift Valley, savannah land, tropical forests, Recent Paintings by Wosene Worke Kosrof, Zerihun deserts and lakes (including Lake Tana, the source of Yetmgeta, AFEWERK TEKLE - The Most Hon. Maitre the Blue Nile), spectacular waterfalls and volcanic hot Artiste World Laureate, Abdel Rahman M Sherif - springs. Director of Addis Ababa School of Fine Arts and Secretary General of Ethiopian Artists’ Association, Though situated not far from the equator, much of the KENFE MICHAEL BETHE SELASSIE - A Romantic land has a climate tempered by its altitude, Artist, Mezgebu Tessema - Paying homage to the with an idyllic spring-like climate in most regions of the World of the Ethiopian Peasant, etc. country throughout the year. The Great Rift Valley, with http://www.ethiopianart.org/articles/index.php its seven beautiful lakes, numerous hot springs and a variety of wildlife, offers great potential for the development of tourism. Zerihun Yetmgeta - An Ethiopian Modernist Almost every kind of big game http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~zerihun/esseye.html can be found in Ethiopia in its natural state and habitat. Out of the 845 species of birds and 260 species of Addis Art Presented the Paintings of Shiferaw Girma mammals registered in Ethiopia, 49 are endemic. 10 at the Del Mar Theater in Los Angeles national parks, 13 wildlife reserves and sanctuaries, and http://addis-art.com/publicity/ 18 controlled hunting areas have been established to protect these resources. Eight national sites have been recognized by Exhibitions, Music, Theatres, special Events, UNESCO as world heritage: Galleries, Lectures, Films Axum’s obelisks, the monolithic churches of Lalibela, http://www.whatsupaddis.com/art_&_culture.htm Gonder’s castles, the island monasteries on Lake Tana, Hadar (where Lucy was discovered), Tia’s carved Music, Film, Entertainment standing stones, the walls of Harar, and the Simian http://www.myethiopia.info/entertainment.asp National Park. The tourist attractions in these sites have been relatively well promoted since the 1960s, and many tour operators in Europe and North America have included them in their offers. Unfortunately, a shortage of adequate accommodation and related facilities for sports, Tourism News recreation and entertainment has limited the growth of

tourism in the area.

The main tourist destination at the moment is the Touristic situation in Ethiopia historic route encompassing Bahir Dar, Gonder, Axum, Excerpts from: Makalle, and Lalibela. http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/iteiia20042_en.pdf Addis Ababa, the principal gateway to Ethiopia and a Ethiopia has much to offer international tourists. It has a business centre and conference venue, is itself a major unique historical and cultural heritage, magnificent destination. scenery, a surprisingly cool climate, rich flora and fauna, Other destinations include the wildlife centres along the important archaeological sites and hospitable people. Great Rift Valley and the southwest, and the eastern The northern tourist circuit known as the “Historic Route” historic area of Harrar. comprises the most important tourist sites in Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s wealth of attractions gives it great potential for The main attractions include: The ancient city of Axum, cultural and educational tourism, photo safaris, hunting The medieval city of Lalibela, Al Negashi mosque at safaris, bird watching, water sports including river rafting, Wukro, The medieval city of Gonder, The island desert trekking, mountain camping and eco-tourism monasteries of Lake Tana. Other historical attraction generally. Health tourism, on account of the cool climate areas include: The walled city of Harar. and the numerous hot springs, is an additional type of Anthropological findings tourism with great potential. The 3.5 million-year old skeleton of “Lucy” or Conference tourism, long aided by the presence of a Australopithecus at Hadar, the 4.4 million-year-old number of international organizations in Addis Ababa

Seite 9 including the African Union and the Economic • Hadar: 27 km South of Eliwoha on the Bank of the Commission for Africa (ECA), is poised to gain greater Awash River The discovery of many important significance as a consequence of the newly built facilities ancient fossils, the most famous of which was a at the ECA and the Sheraton Addis. partial skeletal fossil remains nicknamed "Lucy" by Ethiopia’s tourism sector is poised to benefit from a Donald Johanson in 1974. programme of upgrading, expansion and new • Gana: About 30 km from Eliwoha. Stone tools construction of airports, road and communication found at this site have an estimated age of 2.6 networks, electric power generation and waterworks, the million years. Fossil vertebrates are abundantly implementation of which is currently under way in available at this site which is the oldest place in the various parts of the country. world with a record of human material culture. Domestic air travel is provided by Ethiopian Airlines, • Middle Awash: Lies on both sides of the Awash using Boeing and Fokker jets as well as smaller aircrafts. River, North of Gewane and South of the Meesala Competition in domestic service has been ushered in River. This is the place where the oldest human recently with the commencement of operations by two ancestors came from the locality of Aramis. Rich in private firms. Tour operators and travel agencies have fossils including hominids with estimated ages of shown considerable growth in recent years, with 65 firms about 6 million years. Old types of artefacts from in operation in 2001. Early stone Age to Late Stone Age are available in The stock of hotel rooms in the country has increased the area. About 5 million years of human history has sharply over the last few years. While some tourist been documented so far in this place. accommodation is already available at all the major • Melka Werer: 4.7 km from the Gewane road. The attractions, improvement as well as new construction is fossil vertebrate fragments and the very rare middle taking place in accordance with a newly promulgated Stone Age fossils discovery. classification and standardization system. FDI is both needed and welcome to upgrade tourism infrastructure • Kesem-Kebena: Between the Kesem and the in Ethiopia. Kebena rivers. Abundant vertebrate fossils, Stone tools and Fauna fossils dating back to beyond 3 million years. • Meschelle: Lying between Meschelle, the Awash Tourist Attractions in Somali Region River and the Adaituridge. The area is home to 3.4 http://www.waltainfo.com/Regional_States/somali/Regio million years vertebrate fossils, including a hominid nal-info_SNRS/Tourism%20_Attractions_Regional- mandible. info_SNRS.htm • Ledi: A western tributary of the Awash River, just In general, the region's landscape can be most important east of the Gewane Mille road. Home for vertebrate potential for tourism. fossils including elephants and hippopotamus, Artifacts-Choppers, flakes and bifaces. Hot springs of Erer, Arabi at Kit can be good tourist resort areas. • Daralak: 5 km South of Daralk, on the South of the Magenta ridge. Fossils include elephants, barids, The culture of the Somali people (dresses, Music, suids, squids, and reptiles. Household utensils, Social activities, etc ), still found in its traditional (original) form is sure to motivate the • Tendaho: 44 km from Logia, towards Mille. culture interested tourist to visit the area. Artifacts, Fossils include crocodile, barids and hippopotamus, Hintime-Geta Wildlife potential, though not yet conserved, is an inevitable tourist resource of the region. • Hida Ali: 6 km from the junction of the Gewane and Particularly the following could be potential areas for Bati-Mille road. Fossil vertebrates suggesting age of tourist attractions. between 2 and 3 million years. • Unique nomadic cultures, Dressing, Housing, etc. • Det Bahri: Close to the Tendaho plantation. Well mineralized fossils and Middle stone age tools are • Elephants and Baboon reserve between Babile and found. Bombass. • Gallili: The north East of Gedamytu. Fauna fossils • Acacia- Commiphoras lowland/ which are suggested to have an age of at least 4 • Riparian forests along Wabi Shabeelle River. million years. • Bird watching areas near Genaile, Wayb and Dawa • Segudo: About 3.7 km from Bati and 1.5 km South Rivers. of the Mille-Bati road. Small gas-trooped fossils; the fossil vertebrates suggested age between 3 to 3.4 • Hot springs at Arabi, Erer and Kit areas. million year. • Madheedhle area at Qoraheey Zone for big wild • Haouna: 14.5 km South towards Adaytu from the animals, especially endemic species (Like garanug). Bati-Mille road junction and turning west. Fossils • Bank Holaac area near Kalaafo area and Eel-deer particularly the elephants and the pigs like an age area near Godey are important wild animal about 3 million years. attraction areas.

Siehe auch die ausführlichen Hinweisseiten der Southern Region und von Addis Ababa: Tourist Attractions in Afar Region http://www.waltainfo.com/Regional_States/SNNPR/Regi http://www.waltainfo.com/Regional_States/Afar/Regional onal_Info_snnpr.htm _Info/Regional_Info_afar.htm http://www.waltainfo.com/Regional_States/AddisAbaba/ Some of the Anthropological and Archaeological Tourist Tourism.htm Attraction Sites:

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Alternativer Tourismus: Kaffee-Studienreisen Bekämpfung der Armut durch touristische nach Äthiopien Erschließung im ländlichen Raum des Tana Die Route Sees, Äthiopien. Bei unseren Studienreisen dreht sich alles um die http://www.world-habitat-society.org/ethiopia.htm aufregende Welt des Kaffees im Heimatland des coffea Ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit von World Habitat Society arabica. (WHS) ist die Region, die als die „Dritte Welt“ bezeichnet Von Addis Abeba aus, wo die lange Produktionskette wird, wo in großen Teilen der Mangel an elementaren von Rohkaffee endet, starten wir unsere Existenzgrundlagen zu einem Leben in Unterversorgung Erkundungsreisen ins Landesinnere. Sie werden uns und Armut führt. Diese stellen Rahmenbedingungen dar, Schritt für Schritt mit allen Verarbeitungsstufen und - die einen umweltverträglichen Umgang mit natürlichen formen vertraut machen, die für die Erzeugung eines Ressourcen zwanghaft ausschließen. Als ein Beispiel guten Kaffees notwendig sind. Unser Weg führt von des Einsatzes von WHS sei hier ein Projekt vorgestellt, Addis Abeba aus in alle wichtigen Anbau- und das einerseits für ein ländliches Gebiet im Hochland von Wildkaffeegebiete, aus denen so hervorragende und Äthiopien in Ost-Afrika Entwicklungsimpulse darstellt, berühmte Kaffees wie Yirga Cheffe, Limu, Jimma oder andererseits für viele andere afrikanische Regionen Harar kommen. Wir wandern durch beeindruckende Modellcharakter hat. Die Verwirklichung dieses Kaffeewälder und werden den unterschiedlichen Kaffee- Vorhabens geschieht in enger Zusammenarbeit mit den Anbau in Gärten und auf Plantagen kennen lernen. Tourismusbehörden des Landes und der Region Bahir Schließlich werden wir bei Besuchen von Wasch- und Dar, mit lokalen Behörden und den bereits vorhandenen Trocknungsanlagen eingeweiht in die Kunst der Unterkunfts-Anbietern sowie mit der regionalen verschiedenen Verarbeitungsformen von frisch Bevölkerung. geernteten Kaffeekirschen. Das Trinken all der Information zu GPS Ökotourismus Touren in Äthiopien verschiedenen Kaffees wird natürlich auf keinen Fall zu http://www.world-habitat-society.org/gps_ethioipa.pdf kurz kommen. Abschrift des WDR Hörfunkbeitrags vom 21.12.2004 Da Ernte und Verarbeitung zu exportfähigem Kaffee in unterschiedlichen Monaten stattfinden, wird der http://www.world-habitat- Schwerpunkt bei der Okt.- und Nov.-Tour auf der Ernte society.org/whs_ethiopia_wdr2.pdf sowie der direkten Verarbeitung der Kaffeekirschen auf Pressemitteilung zur Kooperation mit der Universität den Waschanlagen liegen, bei der Feb.- und März-Tour Bahir Dar auf der Verarbeitung der sonnengetrockneten Kirschen http://www.world-habitat- und der Weiterverarbeitung zu exportfähigem Kaffee. society.org/pr_whs_uni_bd_030105.pdf Aufbereitung des Kaffees World Habitat Society GmbH i.G. Wer Äthiopien bisher nur also trockene Environmental Services, Paderborner Str. 11 Wüstenlandschaft kennt, der wird auf dieser Reise, die 33189 Schlangen uns abseits aller bekannten Touristenwege führt, ein völlig anderes Gesicht dieses faszinierenden Landes Telefon: +495252-935865; Fax: +495252-935948 kennen lernen: E-Mail: [email protected] dichte Wälder, fruchtbare Hochebenen und atemberaubende Gebirgslandschaften. Sie werden den unterschiedlichsten Menschen und Kulturen begegnen und mit einem reichen Wissen über den „buna“, wie die New cave found in Ethiopia's Keffa zone Äthiopier ihr Lieblingsgetränk nennen, zurückkehren. ADDIS ABABA, November 12, 2004 (ENN) - Two American archaeologists said they have discovered an Die 1. Studienreise in weitgehend touristisch ancient cave in Tello woreda, Keffa zone of Ethiopia, "jungfräulichen" Gebieten wurde im Oktober 2004 Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) reported. The cave, durchgeführt; in Kürze werden auch Sonderreisen für found in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Kleingruppen möglich sein. State, is estimated to be 28-30 million years old. The researchers said the cave has two entrances. The width Ab dem Jahr 2005 bieten wir in Kooperation mit Ikarus and length of the cave is 80 and over 100 meters Tours, Königstein, und Lothar Kögel Studien- und respectively while the height is four meters, according to Erlebnisreisen, Berlin, zwei unterschiedlich lange Reisen the report. The archaeologists, who are conducting a an: eine 15 Tage-Tour und eine 10 Tage-Tour. research in the woreda, said they have found ash and Die 10-tägige Kurzreise ist weitgehend identisch mit der stone tools in the cave, indicating people used to live 15-tägigen Kaffee-Studienreise. Auch wenn bei dieser there. Ato Workagegnehu Kassa, head of the zonal Kurzreise die Besuche der Plantagen und Culture and Information Department said studies will Wildkaffeegebiete im Süd-Westen um Jimma entfallen, continue in the woreda. so bekommen Sie dennoch vom Anbau bis zur Exportverarbeitung einen wunderbaren Einblick in die Vielfalt und Einzigartigkeit des äthiopischen Kaffees. Seminar Promoting paleo-tourism kicks off http://www.maskal.de/reise/ Addis Ababa, July 28, 2004 (WIC) - Though efforts have been exerted to promote paleo-tourism in Ethiopia, the Maskal • Äthiopische Kaffeespezialitäten country has not reaped the desired benefits from the Dr. Hans-Jürgen Langenbahn • Albstr. 69 • D-78661 sector, General Manager of the Authority for Research Irslingen • Tel. +49(0)7404-914037 • Fax +49(0)7404- and Conservation of Cultural Heritages (ARCCH) said. 914034 Speaking at a seminar discussing the promotion and E-Mail: [email protected] development of paleo-tourism in Ethiopia, which was opened today at the National Museum, Jara Hailemariam, General Manager of ARCCH, stated that

Seite 11 the country could not derive benefits from the sector due Go-Ethio.com offers the potential international to the lack of awareness on the part of individual and visitors a very good image of Ethiopia institutional tour operators. The General Manager http://www.Go-Ethio.Com pointed out that the seminar organized at Blen Lodge, in cooperation with the Afar regional government and the pertinent governmental and non-governmental organizations, on paleo-tourism can be sited as a major step taken to gradually solve the problem in this regard.

Vice Minister of Youth, Sport and Culture, Mohammed Bücher Ahmed, on his part, recalled that the concerned bodies had pledged to fulfil their responsibilities in realizing the benefits of the inhabitants and conduct training for tour “Völker des Morgens” operators at the nationwide Blen Lodge seminar. He said as the seminar has succeed in realizing the training of Vom Verschwinden der traditionellen Kulturen Afrikas tour operators which is part and parcel of the agreement Giansanti, Gianni (Fotografien und Text), Novaresio, reached earlier, it would hopefully be the first step that Paolo (Ethnografische Texte ) makes possible the parallel execution of the 503 Seiten mit Hunderten von Fotos conservation of paleanthropogical heritages and museums and the economic advantages of paleo- Frederking und Thaler, München 2004 tourism. He further stated that the seminar is a forum ISBN 3-89405-631-2, Preis: 39,90 Euro where supervisors and other responsible bodies can Ich bekenne: ich bin ein „Omo – Junkie“! Das Tal des freely interact and create common understanding on the unteren Omo im äußersten Südwesten Äthiopiens hat benefits to be derived by the peoples, integrating tourism mich immer magisch angezogen. 1982 war ich das erste with heritage protection and care. Mal dort, danach immer wieder, das letzte Mal im Jahre Researcher with Middle Awash Project, Dr. Birhane 2002. Der besondere Reiz dieser Landschaft ist Asfaw, on his part, noted that Ethiopia has ten major unbeschreiblich: viel abgelegener und ursprünglicher sites of paleo-tourism attraction dating back to 6 millions kann Afrika nicht sein. Das galt zumindest noch für die years in the evolution of humankind. The three-day 80’iger Jahre. Natürlich hat die politische Entwicklung seminar will reportedly provide tour guides with basic des modernen Äthiopiens auch am Omo ihre Spuren information on paleo-tourism and help them to have hinterlassen. 1984 war der äthiopische Staat am Omo concise information on major sites. Some 40 tour permanent eigentlich nur durch die damalige „Wildlife operators are in attendance of the seminar. Authority“ vertreten. Und die versuchte, die am und im Omo-Nationalpark lebenden Stämme vergeblich davon abzuhalten, im Park, ihrem traditionellen Jagdgebiet zu jagen oder zu wildern, je nach Sichtweise. „We had an exchange of bullets with the Surma“ berichtete mir einmal ein Parkhüter, ein „exchange“, der Tourism Links einem der Ihren damals das Leben kostete. Die Gegend ist zwar immer noch abgelegen, aber inzwischen sind alle möglichen Hilfsorganisationen, obskure Ethiopian Tourism Commission, Tour and Travel Missionsgesellschaften (vorwiegend aus den USA) und Agencies, Health Requirements, etc. Tourismusunternehmen dort unterwegs. http://www.tourismethiopia.org/ Unvorstellbar: es gibt bei Turmi einen bewachten [email protected] Campingplatz mit Dusche! Die Menschen in der Region haben sich darauf eingestellt, vor allem auf die Touristen. Diese sind eine Touristic Attractions wichtige Einnahmequelle geworden, wahrscheinlich eher http://www.ethiopiafirst.com/tourism.html lästig, aber durchaus auch lukrativ. Wenn man auf ein Dorf trifft, wird man johlend und lärmend mit den Worten Eco-tourism in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia: „kala“ und „lamar“ empfangen. Das bedeutet „eins“ bzw. „zwei“, gemeint ist der Preis (in Birr) für ein Foto, bei den http://www2.gtz.de/tourismus/download/materialien/Ame Mursi kostet ein Bild bereits 5 Birr. Die ständigen nte.pdf lautstarken Verhandlungen um Geld bestimmen A potential tool in improving livelihoods and promoting mittlerweile die Begegnung zwischen den beiden forest conservation Gruppen. Das ist zwar verständlich und nachvollziehbar, By Girma Amente, GTZ-IFMP Project Coordinator aber es ist auch etwas verloren gegangen. Der Tourismus zerstört sich so eine Form von Unberührtheit, Forests can only survive if they become as beneficial as nach der er doch auch so sehr sucht. Soviel zur farming or livestock keeping. Vorgeschichte. An dieser Schwelle zu einer wohl unausweichlichen Veränderung ist das vorliegende Buch Klosterinseln Tana-See entstanden. http://reisebuch.de/zentralafrika_und_ostafrika/aethiopie Es zeigt uns auf 503 Seiten auf Hunderten von schier n-475_info_8.html unglaublichen und phantastischen Fotos die Menschen am Omo und seiner Umgebung, bevor das 21.Jahrhundert endgültig Einzug hält. Insofern ist das Völker des südlichen Äthiopiens Buch ein wertvolles Dokument und nicht nur für „Omo- http://www.daniel-vanek.at/aethiop/sueden.htm Süchtige“ das ultimative „Muss“! Beschrieben werden die ethnischen Gruppen, die man von Konso aus nacheinander auf einer Rundreise durch

Seite 12 die Region antrifft. Das sind die Borana (diese leben Salomo; Vom Raub der Bundeslade) sind erhältlich abseits der Route östlich von Konso), die Konso, die über: Banna, die Mursi, die Surma (jenseits des Omo), die Äthiopisches Zentrum Deutschland e.V., Forellstr. 34, Karo, die Bume, die Galeba, die Hamar und die Erbore. 53123 Bonn, Tel. & Fax: 0228/649199 oder E-Mail: Jede Gruppe wird separat behandelt mit einem kurzen [email protected] und eher oberflächlichen ethnographischen Text, einer ebenso kurzen Reisebeschreibung des Fotografen und dem ausführlichen Bildteil. Die Bildunterschriften lassen gelegentlich zu wünschen übrig. Die Bilder selbst jedoch sind wahrhaft überwältigend, manchmal geradezu Aktivitäten von Äthiopien- bestürzend wegen der Nähe, aus der viele aufgenommen wurden. Man blickt den Menschen Initiativen sozusagen direkt in die Augen. Es eröffnet sich eine verunsichernde ganz fremdartige Welt. Beim Blick in DON BOSCO MISSION und Don Bosco manche der Gesichter hatte ich das Gefühl, ganz tief zurück in die Geschichte der Menschheit zu sehen. JUGEND DRITTE WELT Gleichzeitig zeigen die Bilder aber auch, wie perfekt die Berufsbildung und Jugendsozialarbeit - zur Menschen dort an ihren Lebensraum angepasst sind, Gewaltprävention in Gambela / Äthiopien aber auch wie sie ihn selbst gefährden, z.B. durch den Der grundsätzliche Schwerpunkt aller Aktivitäten der Besitz von modernen Schnellfeuergewehren. Es ist Salesianer Don Boscos weltweit ist die Erziehung und erschreckend, wie weit diese in der Region verbreitet Ausbildung junger Menschen, da dies der Grundstein zu sind, viele Bilder zeigen das sehr deutlich. Viele der einer ökonomischen und sozialen Entwicklung jeder Portraits strahlen aber auch – bei aller Fremdheit – Gesellschaft ist. In Gambela in Äthiopien besteht ein Ruhe und Würde aus und eine Selbstverständlichkeit besonderer Handlungsbedarf für Maßnahmen zur und Natürlichkeit, wie sie anderswo selten geworden ist. Konfliktbewältigung im Bereich der Sozialarbeit und Der Nachteil von Büchern dieser Art ist mir wohl Jugendhilfe. Zur Zielgruppe gehören insbesondere junge bewusst, sie laden geradezu ein, dort hinzu fahren, um Menschen aus sozialen Randgruppen. Im Grenzgebiet sich anzusehen, wonach beim Durchblättern eine zum Sudan besteht gerade für diese Jugendlichen ohne Sehnsucht entstanden ist. Kann das gut gehen? b e r u f l i c h e P e r s p e k t iv e e i n e b esondere Gefährdung, in den Einflussbereich gewalttätiger oder terroristischer Eggert Göttsch Vereinigungen zu gelangen. Andererseits steht in Gambela ein Potential an Arbeitsplätzen bereit, welches die Jugendlichen in der Zielgruppe jedoch aufgrund Eritrea - Kriegsdienstverweigerung und mangelnder Ausbildung nicht nutzen können. Desertion Die Salesianer sind in Äthiopien bereits seit vielen Jahren in der Jugendsozialarbeit und im Bereich Bildung Die Broschüre enthält nicht nur ausführliche und Ausbildung tätig. In allen Zentren bildet das Selbstzeugnisse von DeserteurInnen und Jugendzentrum den Kernbereich und die Erstanlaufstelle KriegsdienstverweigerInnen aus Eritrea, sondern auch für die Jugendlichen. Hier erhalten Sie persönliche eine umfassende Dokumentation zur Unterstützung, Beratung und Begleitung und die Menschenrechtssituation in Eritrea und begleitende Möglichkeit einer sinnvollen Freizeitgestaltung. Im Artikel. Die Deserteurinnen und Deserteure aus Eritrea Rahmen dieser Erstbetreuung werden eine persönliche berichten über eine Vielzahl von Beratung, medizinische und notwendigenfalls auch Menschenrechtsverletzungen an Rekruten, über sozialpädagogische oder psychologische Hilfestellungen Razzien und Zwangsrekrutierungen sowie den Einsatz angeboten. Die offene Jugendsozialarbeit beinhaltet von Kindersoldaten. Vorgestellt wurde die Broschüre im auch Maßnahmen zur Persönlichkeitsbildung wie z. B. Rahmen einer Pressekonferenz am 25. November 2004 Gruppenleiterausbildungen, Bewusstseinsbildung, in Frankfurt am Main, auf der sich junge DeserteurInnen Motivationskurse. In diesem Kontext werden weitere aus Eritrea - Männer und Frauen - öffentlich zu Wort Maßnahmen im Bereich Bildung und Ausbildung meldeten, über ihr Schicksal berichteten und das Recht gemeinsam mit den betreffenden Jugendlichen geplant. auf Kriegsdienstverweigerung in Eritrea sowie auf Asyl in Dabei muss sowohl auf die Vorkenntnisse, Fähigkeiten Deutschland einforderten. und Talente der Jugendlichen, als auch auf die Auszüge der Broschüre finden Sie unter: Arbeitsmarktsituation vor Ort und die zukünftigen http://www.Connection- Perspektiven der Auszubildenden geachtet werden. eV.de/Inhaltsverz/eritrea04_frm.html Zielgruppe des Zentrums in Gambela sind gefährdete Die Broschüre kann online bestellt werden unter Mädchen und Jungen im Alter von 8 bis 21 Jahren. Das http://www.Connection-eV.de/Materialien.html Grenzgebiet zum Sudan war in der Vergangenheit 64 Seiten, Preis 5,00 Euro zzgl. Versandkosten, ab 5 Ex. häufiger Ausgangspunkt terroristischer Aktivitäten mit je 4,00 Euro zzgl. Versandkosten. Auswirkungen bis hin zu Anschlägen in Addis Abeba. Junge Menschen ohne Ausbildung und Arbeit, die an

den sozialen Brennpunkten der Region leben, sind ohne ausreichende Zukunftsperspektiven besonders Teret - Teret II - Märchen - Fabeln - Schwänke gefährdet, in den Einflusskreis gewalttätiger aus Äthiopien Vereinigungen zu geraten. Durch die im Jugend- und Sozialzentrum angebotenen Maßnahmen werden Adelheid Zelleke Jugendliche in ihrer Persönlichkeit gestärkt. Mittels Schutzgebühr 3,00 Euro beruflicher Ausbildungskurse auf unterschiedlichen Diese und andere Broschüren (Die goldene Legende Ebenen werden die Eigenständigkeit und Äthiopien - Der Besuch der Königin von Saba bei König Zukunftsperspektiven der Zielgruppe entscheidend verbessert. Das Angebot richtet sich an Jugendliche

Seite 13 aller in der Region lebenden Ethnien und Religionen The malaria epidemic of late 2003 affected the southern (vorwiegend Islam und Christentum) und erreicht in allen Ethiopian state of Oromiya and other parts of the seinen Bereichen insgesamt 1.550 junge Menschen pro country. When the World Health Organization (WHO) Jahr. announced that an estimated 15 million Ethiopians were Ziel des Projektes ist es, der Gefährdung junger at risk of contracting the disease, MSF asked the Menschen durch radikale und gewalttätige Bewegungen government for permission to use ACT. MSF believed entgegen zu wirken durch eine Erhöhung der sozialen that this combination therapy was vital to stopping the Kompetenz junger Menschen durch Maßnahmen der further spread of the epidemic. However, the Sozialarbeit und Jugendhilfe sowie eine Verbesserung government refused. It said it wanted more scientific der Lebensbedingungen durch eine angepasste evidence before determining whether the national nonformale berufliche Ausbildung mit Job – Placement. treatment protocol should be changed. As a Die Region Gambela wird in ihrer gesamten Entwicklung consequence, health staff from some organizations were durch ausgebildete Fachkräfte eine entscheidende forced to treat thousands of sick patients in the epidemic Unterstützung erfahren. area with largely ineffective medicines, and MSF was obliged to adapt to the situation by using quinine as first In Gambela wird zu diesem Zweck ein Jugend- und –line treatment. The death toll from this outbreak was Sozialzentrum mit beruflicher Ausbildung errichtet. Das substantially higher than it was from malaria in 2001 and Jugendzentrum ist bereits in Betrieb, die Ausbildungen 2002. According to government figures, approximately wurden aufgenommen, ein Teil der Werkstätten muss 3,500 people died of malaria during the outbreak. noch fertig gestellt und ausgestattet werden. Mehr als 1.000 Jugendliche können im Rahmen des offenen In response to intensive advocacy conducted by MSF Jugendprogramms betreut werden und durch and others, the ministry of health announced in May entsprechende Führung mehr soziale und persönliche 2004 that it would change the protocol by July. The Kompetenz erwerben. Etwa 400 Mädchen und Jungen government planned to introduce ACT in August as the erhalten gezielten Förderunterricht, um dadurch die Zahl country’s standard malaria treatment. The episode also der vorzeitigen Schulabgänger, die ohne Aussicht auf pushed major institutions, such as the WHO and the dem Arbeitsmarkt sind, zu verringern. Nach Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria to Fertigstellung des Zentrums wird die berufliche strengthen their support for ACT. While implementation Ausbildung auf zwei Ebenen angeboten: 90 Jugendliche was still pending in September, the change in policy (Mädchen und Jungen) sollen in non-formalen enabled MSF to bring ACT drugs into the country. MSF Kurzzeitkursen in Schreinerei, Installationsarbeiten, teams are now starting to implement the new treatment Hauselektrik, Bauarbeiten und EDV ausgebildet werden. in MSF projects. Insgesamt 60 Jugendliche sollen eine Ausbildung im A resettlement nightmare Bereich Schreinerei und Hausbau absolvieren, die aus Tension also erupted between the Ethiopian government einem einjährigen Grundkurs und einem zusätzlichen and MSF around the government’s three-year-program zweijährigen Aufbaukurs (Option) besteht. Ein to resettle approximately 2.2 million farmers from Arbeitsvermittlungsprogramm und Unterstützung für overcrowded, low-yield agricultural areas to Mikrounternehmen verbessert die Chancen auf dem underpopulated, more fertile land. The scheme is part of Arbeitsmarkt. Im Laufe der nächsten 2 Jahre sollen auch the government’s plan to solve recurring hunger Ausbildungsgänge für Kfz-Mechanik und für allgemeine problems and increase agricultural production. However, Mechanik/Schlosserei eingerichtet werden. in 2003, during the pilot phase of the program in which Adresse: more than 150,000 people were moved, MSF discerned Br. Jean Paul Muller SDB, Hans Jürgen Dörrich GF poor planning and insufficient monitoring in some Sträßchensweg 3, 53113 Bonn, Tel 0228-53 965-0, Fax settlements, leading to high levels of malnutrition and 0228-53965-65 disease. In various locations there was also insufficient water to support the increased population. MSF made a PRESSEMITTEILUNG, Silvia Cromm, Bonn, 9. decision to intervene in a number of emergency Dezember 2004 situations by providing urgently needed health care and food programs for thousands of sick and malnourished settlers in the Amhara region. It opened a therapeutic feeding center for children and adults, a supplementary Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) - Activity feeding program and mobile “fever clinics” to detect and Report 2003/2004 ETHIOPIA treat malaria as well as the disease kala azar (visceral Advancing treatment for deadly diseases leishmaniasis). Kala azar is a sandfly-borne disease that The past year has brought about important affects the immune system and, if left untreated, kills developments in treating people with malaria and AIDS almost all who contract it. in Ethiopia. One positive change has been the country’s In 2004, MSF urged Ethiopian authorities to evaluate the move towards a new, more effective protocol for treating program’s pilot phase to help avoid future problems. malaria, which is endemic in the country. This policy shift With the resettlement program continuing and thousands came about after many months of advocacy work done of new settlers arriving, MSF fears that new health by MSF and numerous national and international emergencies will erupt again in the most vulnerable new organizations in the midst of a severe malaria epidemic settlements. that started near the end of 2003. Treatment for AIDS In most of Africa, conventional malaria treatments such Early 2004 also saw the start of Ethiopia’s first free as chloroquine and sulf-adoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) are AIDS-treatment-program using life-extending no longer effective in many patients due to the increased antiretroviral (AVR) medicines. In close cooperation with resistance of parasites to these drugs. To counter this district health authorities and HIV/AIDS patient groups in problem, MSF has been promoting the use of the northern Tigray region, MSF began treating patients artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) which is with ARVs in the district hospital in Humera. By mid- derived from a centuries-old Chinese herbal medicine. 2004, 67 patients were receiving ARVs, and the

Seite 14 program aims to admit 15 new patients per month. As Die Schule wird von der Tsireha Tsion Association, einer part of the project, the MSF team provides voluntary HIV christlichen Gemeinschaft unterhalten, die vor 12 Jahren counselling and testing to the wider Humera community. gegründet wurde. It also provides medical care to approximately 500 HIV- Außer der Schule unterstützen die 22 Familien der positive people and food for patients with HIV/AIDS, kala Gemeinschaft die Entwicklung der sie umgebenden azar or tuberculosis who require it. Oromo-Region. Mittellose Kinder und alte Menschen Other MSF activities in Ethiopia erhalten u. a. Schuluniformen und tägliche Essensrationen. Zudem garantieren sie 21 MSF has helped control multiple meningitis outbreaks in Waisenkindern Unterkunft, Verpflegung und Ausbildung. the Gurarge and Haydia zones in the southern Oromia region and most recently in the Wag Hamra zone in the Amhara region. In Wag Hamra, MSF also provides community therapeutic feeding in an area where people Links experience frequent food shortages and cannot get quality health care. In June 2004, MSF opened a primary health clinic in the Somali region of south-eastern Ethiopia. Based in Cherati, the clinic covers about History of Ethiopian Urbanization 75,000 people living in an area in which health facilities http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/kshively/dev are scare or not working. Finally, at the border with elopment. Sudan and Eritrea, MSF treats people with kala azar in three locations. Ethiopian Jews MSF has worked in Ethiopia since 1984. International staff 57, national staff 671. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/ejhist .html

http://www.afrikanet.info/cont/popups/2004/afri_051901.

html Oxfam Deutschland e.V. Trinkwasserversorgung und Hygieneerziehung Teff in Äthiopien http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teff Boloso Sorie Woreda liegt im Wolayita-Gebiet in Südäthiopien. Es ist eine der ärmsten und dichtest besiedelten Regionen im Land und ist daher auch als Eucalyptus Ethiopia Region des „grünen Hungers“ bekannt. http://www.ifpri.org/divs/eptd/dp/papers/eptdp65.pdf Die geringen Regenfälle der Jahre 2002 und 2003 haben die prekäre Lage der Wasserversorgung weiter Orphans, Ethiopia's worsening tragedy, draw verschärft. Oxfam Deutschland unterstützte im Jahr increasing numbers of adoptive parents 2004 deshalb ein Projekt der äthiopischen Organisation Acts of Compassion (AOC) zum Bau einer hygienisch http://crossword.uniontrib.com/news/world/20041224- sicheren und für alle zugänglichen Wasserversorgung. 0954-exportingorphans.html Insgesamt wurden drei Quellen für jeweils ca. 1.500 Teen brings gifts to kids in Ethiopia Menschen ausgebaut und gesichert, getrennte http://ww2.pstripes.osd.mil/article.asp?section=104&artic Speicherreservoirs für Menschen und Tiere und le=25113&archive=true Regenwassersammelbecken in zwei Schulen für 2.000

Schüler gebaut. Zusätzlich bildete AOC Wasserkomitees in den Dörfern aus, die für den Unterhalt der Quellen verantwortlich sind und Basiswissen über verbesserte Hygiene verbreiten. 94% der Wassernutzer besitzen nun Termine auch selbst gebaute Latrinen, vor Projektbeginn waren es gerade 3,2%. Insgesamt 8.500 Menschen profitieren Wir bemühen uns, die aktuellen Termine der von diesem Projekt, das im November 2004 nachfolgenden Veranstaltungen auf unserer Homepage abgeschlossen wurde. Für das Jahr 2005 ist eine weitere Zusammenarbeit zwischen Oxfam Deutschland http://www.deutsch-aethiopischer-verein.de/termine.htm und AOC geplant, um noch mehr Menschen in der zu veröffentlichen: Region mit sicherem Trinkwasser zu versorgen. Adresse: Greifswalder Str. 33a - 10405 Berlin Excerpt of the Draft Programme of Events http:// www.oxfam.de during the Year of the Centennial of Ethio- German Relations (2005) Business and Trade: Launching the Ethiopian-German Äthiopischer Kalender 2005 der Selbsthilfe Business Council and holding its first meeting in 2005 (Joint Afrika Verein - Ethiopian Embassy Initiative) Äthiopien e.V. in Kooperation mit der Druckwerkstatt Kreuzberg – Museum January to July: Internet exhibition "Pioneers of Ethio- German Relations" Die Linolschnitte des Kalenders sind ein Beitrag von 4 äthiopischen Studenten (Alemayehu Hailye, Eyob Abera, February: Symposium "Eco-Tourism in Ethiopia" Addis Sisay Ashagrea, Yohannes Fitsumebirhan) an der Addis Ababa Ababa University of Fine Arts and Design. 25 Febr., 19.30 Uhr, Leipzig, Hochschule für Musik; Der Erlös des Kalenders geht an das Schulprojekt in 26.02., 19.30 Uhr Berlin; 27.02., 19.30 Uhr Jüterbog: Burayu, 14 Kilometer westlich von Addis Ababa. Konzerte des Jugendsinfonieorchesters Leipzigs mit dem äthiopischen Pianisten Girma Yifrashewa

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5 – 6 March: Development Cooperation - Workshop in September: Exhibition "Pioneers of Ethio-German Berlin on International Trade and the Protection of Relations" followed by a Symposium on that topic - Natural Resources in Ethiopia, organised by the German Addis Ababa Ethiopian Association. Dr. Tewoldeberhan Gebre September / October: Opening of the German House - Egziabher, winner of the alternative Nobel Prize and Addis Ababa Head of the Ethiopian Environmental Authority will be among those addressing the two day meeting. Beginning of October: "Imagining Ethiopia", documentary film week - German Cultural Institute Addis 7 March: Anniversary of the signing of the Ethiop- Ababa German Trade and Friendship Treaty - Ethiopia Day in Berlin: October: Symposium "Adult Education in Development" - Addis Ababa Exhibition on Ethio-German Relations in the entrance hall of the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Berlin End of 2005: Opening of the Exhibition "The Queen of Sheba" - Museum of Ethnology and Pre-History, Berlin 7 March: Inauguration of the Gebre-Kristos Desta’s centre (permanent exhibition) – Addis Ababa Date uncertain: 7 March Erfurt: ideas are being exchanged with the Symposium "Blindness prevention in Ethiopia and new office of the Minister President of Thueringen and Erfurt developmants in ophtalmology" (Prof. Breipohl, Prof. University to mark the day in the city with statements, Klauss) - Addis Ababa travel descriptions, a slide show, food and music Course for junior scientists and clinical diagnosticians offerings (Prof. Breipohl) - Gondar 9 – 12 March: Ethiopia Days will be marked in the University Mainz. This includes a small conference at which ongoing research projects of the Institute of Ethnology and African Studies will be presented. 7. März 2005: Äthiopientag an der Universität Hamburg mit Vorträgen, Theater, Kaffee- 26 March to 4 April: Visit of the Youth Symphony Orchestra of Leipzig, joint concert with Ethiopian pianist zeremonie, Film, Tanz- und Musikaufführungen Girma Yifrashewa - Sheraton Hotel, National Theatre http://www.uni-hamburg.de/Wiss /FB/10/ AfrikaS/ Addis Ababa 100Jahre/ 30 March: Concert of the Youth Symphonic Orchestra Die Abteilung für Afrikanistik und Äthiopistik des Asien- Leipzig - Addis Ababa Afrika Instituts der Universität Hamburg wird das First week of April: Photo exhibition at the Braunschweig Jubiläum der 100 Jahre diplomatische Beziehungen Cathedral with lectures, music and services Äthiopien - Deutschland durch zahlreiche Aktivitäten feierlich begehen. 1 to 7 April: Week of Fairy Tales by the Grimm Brothers - German Cultural Institute Addis Ababa Öffentliche Vorträge April 6: Art between Magic and Literature in Ethiopia, 06. April 2005, Gianfranco Fiaccadori, Universität Lecture at University Hamburg given by Gianfranco Mailand, Italien:. The content and signification of Magic Fiaccadori, University of Milan scrolls in Ethiopia. 26 April to 20 May: Exhibition on Ethiopist Enno Littmann 26.Mai 2005, Gianfrancesco Lusini, Universität Neapel - URANIA - Berlin “L’Orientale”, Italien: Contribution of German Philologists to the Ethiopian Studies. Spring: Symposium "Culture and Coffee" - Addis Ababa 15. Juni 2005, Stefan Brüne, Institut für Allgemeine May 26: Contribution of German Philologists to Ethiopian Überseeforschung, Hamburg: Äthiopien im Jahr 2020. Studies. Lecture by Gianfrancesco Lusini at University of Akteure, Szenarien und Optionen. Hamburg 13. Juli 2005, Volker Matthies, Universität Hamburg, May / June: Symposium "The role of science in fostering Deutschland: Deutsche Forscher entdecken Aksum. economic development in Ethiopia" - Addis Ababa 9. November 2005, Wolfgang Bender, Universität Mainz, May / June: Africa Festival in Würzburg, Ethiopia will Deutschland: Centenary of the recording of Ethiopian probably be a focal country - Würzburg music in Germany: Tessema Eshete. June 15: Ethiopia in the year 2020 - Actors, Scenarios Alle Veranstaltungen finden in der Abteilung für and Options. by Stefan Bruene, Institute for Overseas Afrikanistik und Äthiopistik des Asien-Afrika Instituts der Research, Hamburg Universität Hamburg, Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1, Flügel 24 - 26 June: 10th Scientific Conference of the Orbis Ost, 2. Stock, statt. Aethiopicus - Neues Rathaus Leipzig Ausstellung im Foyer des Asien-Afrika Instituts June: Workshop on Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - 7. März – 7. Mai 2005: 100 Jahre Deutsche in Äthiopien, German Cultural Institute Addis Ababa Äthiopier in Deutschland Mid : Closing workshop for the research project Öffentliche Führung durch die Bibliothek der Abteilung "Conservation of the wild coffee population" - Addis für Afrikanistik und Äthiopistik der Universität Hamburg. Ababa Mittwoch, 13.7. und 19.10.2005 Summer: Exhibition on Ethiopist Enno Littmann - Addis Ababa, possibly Mekelle and Axum Das äthiopische Restaurant Ethio wird ein Jubiläumsmenü anbieten. July 13: German Researcher Discovers Axum, Lecture by Volker Matthies, University of Hamburg Ethio – Restaurant, Grindelallee 91, 20146 Hamburg, Tel. 040-4135 1437, www.ethio-restaurant.de July 13: Centenary of the Recording of Ethiopian Music in Germany, by Wolfgang Bender, Main University

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Veranstaltungen der Lake Abaya Research Symposium LARS 2004 Städtepartnerschaft Leipzig – Addis Abeba e.V. November 10 -12, 2004 - Addis Abeba [email protected] Exhibitions: http://www.leipzig-addis-abeba.de - GTZ Regional Office Addis Ababa: “Renewable Energy Resources in Ethiopia”

- University Siegen - LARS 2004: “Water Research in 13.02.05 - 14:30 Uhr Ethiopia - Examples of Field Research” "Das Leben der Frauen und Kinder in Äthiopien und Soziales Engagement am Beispiel von Menschen für - AdG (Africa Working Group of German Menschen" Geoscientists): “German Geoscientific Research in Frau Steffi Kraus, Gornau Ethiopia” Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig http://www.lars2004.de.be Interim, Mädlerpassage, Eingang B, über Auerbachs Keller

11.04./18.04./25.04.05 - jeweils von 18:00 – 20:30 Uhr Amharisch-Schnupperkurs Frau Dr. R. Richter Verschiedenes Volkshochschule Leipzig

27.05.05 Äthiopischer Kaffee Chemie-Didaktik Wie die Partnerschaft in Chemiedidaktik zwischen Markus Körner Leipzig, Münster und Addis Abeba gedeiht http://www.abessinia.de Insgesamt sieben Jahre habe ich mit meiner Familie in Äthiopien – Wiege der Menschheit Äthiopien gelebt. Ich bin viel in diesem riesigen Land Dr. Zeresenay Alemseged herumgekommen, und habe dort Armut und sogar Vortrag und Führung im MPI Elend, aber auch Schaffenskraft, eine bescheidene Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig Normalität, und immer wieder Orte von beeindruckender Schönheit kennen gelernt. Zusammen mit unseren 13.07.05 - 18:00 Uhr äthiopischen Freunden haben meine Schwester und ich Äthiopische Kunst heute eine Firma in Äthiopien gegründet, die ABESSINIA Arbeiten eines äthiopischen Künstlers Kaffee herstellt und vertreibt. Durch die Verarbeitung in vorgestellt von Manfred Metz, Äthiopien bleibt zudem ein großer Teil des erzielten Galerist in Berlin Einkommens im Lande. Das ist einzigartig, und stellt Stadtbibliothek Leipzig, Saal, 4. Etage unseren kleinen Beitrag zu einer dauerhaften Entwicklung dar. Äthiopien ist das Herkunftsland des Kaffees - jede einzelne Kaffeepflanze kann heute noch auf ihren Ursprung in den Bergen Südwestäthiopiens zurückgeführt werden. In diesen idealen Bedingungen EthnoFilmfest 2005 - Länderschwerpunkt gedeihen einige der besten Kaffees der Welt. Meist Äthiopien werden sie nur zur Veredelung der gängigen Kaffeemischungen eingesetzt. Aber am besten sollten www.ethnofilmfest.de diese Spitzenerzeugnisse unverfälscht genossen Vom 19.05 bis 22.05 wird in Berlin das Ethno-Filmfest werden. Dies ist der Leitgedanke von ABESSINIA. Die 2005 stattfinden. Äthiopier sind Kaffeekenner - ihr Land ist das einzige Da Äthiopien 2005 offiziell die 100jährigen große Erzeugerland, in dem mehr Kaffee getrunken als diplomatischen Beziehungen mit Deutschland feiert, liegt von dort exportiert wird. Mit Hilfe unserer äthiopischen die besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf der äthiopischen Freunde haben wir die edelsten und die urwüchsigsten Gemeinde und den Äthiopieninteressierten. Kaffeesorten ausfindig gemacht und verarbeiten diese zu hochwertigen Spezialitätenkaffees. Wir machen alles Das Filmfest soll dabei auch die Möglichkeit der 'aus einer Hand' und schaffen so eine einzigartige Selbstdarstellung der eigenen Kultur bieten. Verbindung zwischen Kaffeebauern in Äthiopien und Insbesondere der Samstag (21.05.) soll dem Kaffeegenießern in Europa. Kaffee wird in Äthiopien fast Länderschwerpunkt Äthiopien gelten. Neben immer als Gartenkaffee auf winzigen Flächen von Filmvorführungen planen wir eine Ausstellung, Kleinbauern angepflanzt - ohne Zusatz von Chemie und Informationsveranstaltungen, Tanz und eine in intensiver Handarbeit. Mit den Bauern zusammen Kaffeezeremonie. verbessern wir den Anbau und die Verarbeitung, um das Unser Ziel ist es, mit dem Ethno-Filmfest dem Publikum große Aroma dieser Kaffees am besten zur Entfaltung ein möglichst breites Spektrum an Filmen zu bieten und zu bringen. Die Kaffeekirschen werden sofort nach der darüber hinaus dem Begriff ‘Ethnofilm’ Raum zu geben, Ernte noch in der Kooperative gewaschen und unter sich neu zu definieren. Aus diesem Grund richten wir bei unseren Augen ausgelesen. Die Anlage zum Rösten und der Filmauswahl unser Augenmerk nicht nur auf Verpacken haben wir aus Deutschland mitgebracht. Wir Dokumentarfilme, sondern wollen auch andere prüfen, sortieren, rösten und verpacken den Kaffee vor Kunstformen wie Spiel - und Experimentalfilme in unser Ort selbst – so können wir Sortenreinheit und beste Programm aufnehmen. Die ausgewählten Filme werden Qualität jeder einzelnen Packung unseres ABESSINIA- im Ethnologischen Museum Berlin gezeigt, einem der Kaffees garantieren. Wir verkaufen ihn nur als ganze größten Museen seiner Art in der Welt. Bohne, damit Aroma und Charakter erhalten bleiben.

Seite 17

Rasta Roast ist der energiespendende Kaffeegenuss für Der Samen des auf dem Horn von Afrika heimischen jeden Tag. Moringa stenopetala-Baumes enthält hochwirksame Dominierend ist die Sorte Yirga Cheffe aus dem Süden flockungsaktive Agenzien, welche trübstoffreiches Äthiopiens, die wegen ihres milden und starken Wasser von Schwebstoffen und Keimen zum Großteil Ausdrucks sowie ihres vollen Körpers begehrt ist. Ein befreien können. Die entkeimende Wirkung des Moringa hervorragender Kaffee für jede Tageszeit aus der sten. - Samenextraktes (kurz: M. s.) ist Gegenstand der spirituellen Heimat der Rastafaris. Untersuchungen innerhalb dieser Diplomarbeit. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden Untersuchungen zu Forest Fantasy Keimentwicklung nach erfolgter Moringa - Behandlung ist der einzigartig mild-würzige, 100%ige Wildkaffee aus im Zeitverlauf sowie Biotoxizitätstests durchgeführt. den naturbelassenen Bergwäldern des Bench. Jede Tasse ist ein Beitrag zum Erhalt dieses unersetzlichen 2. Durchführung Biotops. Wir sind die Partner der Bauernfamilien, die ihn 2.1 Das Modellwasser sammeln und zum Erhalt seines besonderen Aromas Das Modellwasser genügte mehreren Ansprüchen: Es sorgsam verarbeiten. enthielt hohe Anteile von fein suspendierten Ceremonial Choice tonmineralischen Schwebstoffen sowie an bakteriellen Keimen, ähnlich dem Oberflächenwasser auf dem Horn hat den großen Körper und den vollen Geschmack des von Afrika. Zudem war die Reproduzierbarkeit über den Kaffees der Limu-Region. Besonders schonend auf gesamten Versuchzeitraum gewährleistet. große Verträglichkeit geröstet entwickelt er den typischen Charakter des Mokka. In Äthiopien ist er die 2.2 Einsatzmengenoptimierung erste Wahl für die traditionelle Kaffeezeremonie. Ein Zur Bestimmung der optimalen Einsatzmengen in Kaffee zum ruhigen Genießen, auch mit Süßem und für Abhängigkeit von der Schmutzlast wurde eigens ein die späteren Stunden des Tages. Fotometer zur Trübstoffgehaltsmessung konstruiert. Mit Espresso Dorato Hilfe dieses einfachen Turbimeters, welches leicht und ist bekömmlich anregend, ein Aroma-Erlebnis erster kostengünstig nachgebaut werden kann, waren sehr Klasse. Seine feine und edle Würze kommt auch als präzise und reproduzierbare Messungen im Bereich von 'Langer Kaffee', mit der doppelten Menge Wasser, 0,5 bis 10 g/L Tongehalt in Echtzeit möglich. hervorragend zur Geltung. Unsere ABESSINIA ESPRESSOs bestehen zu 100% aus hochwertigen 2.3 Gesamtkeimzahlentwicklung Arabica-Bohnen aus Höhenlagen ab 1500 m. Deshalb Es wurden parallele Flockungsversuche anhand von sind sie so mild und so aromatisch. definiertem Modellwasser mit und ohne M. s. Espresso Nero durchgeführt. Anschließend erfolgten die Gesamtkeimzahlbestimmungen (die Zahl der Kolonie ist vollmundig mit einer typischen Mokka-Note. Er ist für bildenden Einheiten = KBE) nach dem Spatelverfahren anhaltenden Geschmack besonders langsam geröstet auf Standard 1A Nähragarplatten im Zeitverlauf bis zu und zeigt seine Tiefe gerade auch als ‚Latte Macciato’ acht Tagen. Zusätzlich wurden Keimzahlen von mit Milch. Unsere ABESSINIA ESPRESSOs bestehen Blindproben, welche Samenextrakte in sterilem zu 100% aus hochwertigen Arabica-Bohnen aus isotonischem Wasser enthielten, hergestellt. Höhenlagen ab 1500 m. Deshalb sind sie so mild und so aromatisch. 2.4 Biotoxizitätsuntersuchung anhand von KOERNERS GmbH, Salzertstrasse 24, D-79540 Leuchtbakterien Lörrach; Fon +49 (7621) 915 5378; Fax +49 (7621) 915 Auf Grundlage der Norm DIN EN ISO 11348-3 wurden 5379; E-Mail: [email protected] anhand von frischem, gealtertem und sterilisiertem M. s.- Samenpulver Biotoxizitätstests durchgeführt, um die inhibierenden bzw. toxischen Wirkungen näher zu

untersuchen. Dabei wurde das natürliche schwache Leuchten (die Bio-Lumineszens) der Meeresbakterien Weiterführende Untersuchungen zur Vibrio fischeri zur Quantifizierung der möglichen Verwendung von Moringa stenopetala bioziden Wirkungen der M. s. - Extrakte genutzt. als Wasserreinigungsmittel 3. Ergebnisse und Diskussion KURZBERICHT DER DIPLOMARBEIT von Dipl.-Ing. 3.1 Die Besonderheit des Modellwassers (FH) Jens Urbaschok – FB Chemie- und Die besondere Eigenschaft der Modellsuspension Umweltingenieurwesen bestand darin, dass die Flockenbildung bereits durch E-Mail an: [email protected] den im keimhaltigen Wasserkörper enthaltenen gelösten Betreuer: Ionen und organischen Stoffen hervorgerufen wurde. Frau Prof. Dr. R. Walter – Hochschule Merseburg (FH) Diese Eigenschaft ist auf die spezielle Frau Dr. I. Hartmann – Deutsch-Äthiopischer Verein e.V. Korngrößenverteilung der Schwebstoffpartikel zurück zu Herr Prof. Dr. P. Ndalut – MOI Universität Kenia führen. Suspendiert in ionenfreiem Wasser blieben die Trübstoffe hingegen wochenlang stabil in der Schwebe. Einleitung Das Modellwasser flockte selbstständig, also auch ohne Der Verschmutzungsgrad des Oberflächenwassers in M. s. - Zugabe aus und war damit zur vergleichenden Kenia und Äthiopien mit tonmineralischen Untersuchung der rein bioziden Wirkung des M. s. - Schwebstoffen sowie pathogenen Keimen kann enorm Samenmaterials prädestiniert. hoch sein. Ein großer Teil der ländlichen Bevölkerung ist auf dieses „Schmutzwasser“ als Trinkwasser 3.2 Die optimalen Einsatzmengen an M. s. - Samen angewiesen. Die Folgen davon sind schwere und sogar Die Einsatzmengenoptimierung in Abhängigkeit von der tödliche Erkrankungen, ausgelöst u. a. von coliformen Schmutzlast ergab einen relativ großen Bereich von 300 Keimen. bis 750 mg Samen pro Liter Modellsuspension bei einer hohen Schmutzlast von 5 g/L Ton. Das nahezu

Seite 18 vollständige Absetzen der gebildeten durchgeführt werden. Auf diese Weise läuft die Schwebstoffflocken erfolgte innerhalb von weniger als 5 Wiederverkeimung langsamer ab. Minuten. Die Vorraussetzung einer erfolgreichen Bei einem Schmutzanteil von 1 g/L ist die optimale Wasserentkeimung ist das Vorhandensein von Reinigungswirkung deutlich schwieriger einzustellen. flockbaren Trübstoffen. Ein Wasser mit sehr niedrigem Dabei sind etwa 100 mg/L M. s. als ideal zu betrachten. Trübstoffgehalt kann mit der Moringa - Methode nicht Zugabemengen oberhalb von ca. 300 mg/L M. s. wirkten entkeimt werden. Da sich die Keime im Bodensatz sich stabilisierend auf die Schwebstoffteilchen aus, (Schlamm) konzentriert ansammeln, ist zusätzliche wodurch ein Absetzen zusätzlich erschwert wurde. hygienische Sorgfalt geboten.

3.3 Die Entwicklung der Keimzahlen nach der M. s. - Behandlung 5. Resümee Die Keimzahlen der im Parallelversuchen Das Wasser wurde bei der Moringa - Behandlung durchgeführten Flockungen mit und ohne M. s. ergaben zunächst zu 98 % entkeimt, aber leider nicht dauerhaft. nach 30 Minuten Einwirkzeit eine nahezu gleich gute Der Nährstoffeintrag durch den Samenextrakt Keimminderung. Dabei wurden bei 5 g/L Schmutzlast begünstigte das Keimwachstum enorm, so dass das und 600 mg/L M. s. durchschnittlich 98 % der im gereinigte Wasser innerhalb von wenigen Stunden Wasserkörper enthaltenen Keime entfernt. wieder verkeimte. Toxische oder selektive Effekte Die Flockung ohne M. s. erbrachte eine Keimminderung konnten anhand der Keimzahluntersuchung nicht um 94 %. Somit ist die zunächst sehr gute nachgewiesen werden. Die im Wasser enthaltenen Reinigungswirkung kurz nach der Flockung auf das Keime setzten sich lediglich zusammen mit den Absetzten der Keime zusammen mit den Flocken und Schwebstoffflocken am Boden ab. Auch in diesem nicht auf eine biozide Wirkung des M. s. - Samens Bodensatz kam es zu einem extremen Anstieg der zurück zu führen. Keimzahlen innerhalb von wenigen Stunden. Im weiteren Verlauf ergeben sich ganz klare Unterschiede der Keimentwicklungen im gereinigten Überstandswasser. Während die Keimzahlen des nicht mit M. s. - behandeltem Modellwassers im gesamten Zeitraum von acht Tagen konstant niedrig blieben, Nachrichten vermehrten sich die Keime schon drei Stunden nach der Behandlung mit M. s. rapide. Bereits nach ca. fünf Stunden Standzeit erreichte die Gesamtkeimzahl den gleichen Wert wie vor der Reinigung. Das Wachstum A u sz ü g e a u s E T H IO P IA S e v e n D a y s U p d a te 1, nach M. s. - Behandlung erreichte nach ein bis zwei z u sam m e ng e ste llt v on Tagen ihr Maximum mit fünf bis sechs Potenzen über H arm e n Storck den Ursprungswert und war somit als sehr stark verkeimt zu bezeichnen. C o n flic t w ith E ritre a Biozide Wirkungen des M. s. - Samens, auch selektiver Natur, konnten unter den gewählten Bedingungen nicht nachgewiesen werden. U N M E E :

3.4 Die leuchtkrafthemmende Wirkung des M. s. - F ollow ing th e d e cision m ad e b y th e U N Se cu rity C ou ncil to d ow nsiz e Samens U N M E E ‘s troops, th e m ission‘s annu al b u d g e t h as b e e n re d u ce d b y Die Lagerung des Samenpulvers im Zeitraum von drei 16 m U SD to ab ou t 18 6 m U SD . A m b assad or L e g w aila J ose ph Monaten unter trockenen Bedingungen erbrachte keine L e g w aila, th e Spe cial R e pre se ntativ e of th e U N Se cre tary G e ne ral, Minderung der leuchtkrafthemmenden Wirkung des M. said th at U N M E E h ad d e ploy e d 4 ,2 00 troops in E th iopia and E ritre a s.- Samens. Das sterilisierte Samenmaterial hingegen b u t w as now re d u cing one b attalion (5 5 0 troops) from th e Te m porary hatte nahezu keine Wirkung auf die Leuchtkraft der Se cu rity Z one (TSZ ). M r. L e g w aila ad d e d th e re sh ou ld b e a Vibrio fischeri - Bakterien. Folglich ist die Minderung der corre spond ing re d u ction in th e civ ilian com pone nt. A ccord ing ly , Bio-Lumineszens vermutlich nicht auf toxische Effekte, U N M E E is g oing to re d u ce its civ ilian staff b y 10% (The Reporter, sondern auf ein Konkurrenzverhalten der vom D ec . 2 2 ). Samenmaterial selbst eingeschleppten "Moringa" - Th e U nite d N ations M ission in E th iopia and E ritre a (U N M E E ) ope ne d Bakterien zurück zu führen. Diese "Moringa" - Bakterien its fifth ou tre ach ce nte r in A d ig rat on O ct. 2 9 . Th e Se cre tary G e ne ral wurden in den isotonischen M.s. - Leerproben bei der and H e ad of U N M E E , A m b assad or L e g w aila J ose ph L e g w aila, said Gesamtkeimzahlbestimmung eindeutig nachgewiesen. th at th e ce nte r w ou ld b e of g re ate r u se in prov id ing inform ation on Das ist ein weiterer Hinweis auf die Ungiftigkeit des M. s. th e activ itie s of th e M ission in particu lar and th at of th e U N in - Samens bei der verwendeten Konzentration von 600 g e ne ral. A m b assad or L e g w aila also ind icate d th at U N M E E w ou ld mg/L an M. s.. u se th e ce nte r as a ch anne l to pass on its m e ssag e of pe ace to th e re sid e nts of th e tow n and its e nv irons w h o v isit th e ce nte r and 4. Empfehlungen zum Einsatz des M. s. - Samens bei th rou g h its staff w h o m ak e sim ilar v isits to th e are a. In ad d ition, th e der Trinkwasserbereitung ope ning of th e ce nte r w ill cre ate cond itions cond u civ e to th e final Wie gezeigt werden konnte, ist ein Wiederverkeimen des stag e of th e pe ace proce ss - b ord e r d e m arcation, A m b assad or gereinigten Wasserkörpers nach wenigen Stunden zu L e g w aila said (S ta te m ed ia , O c t. 3 0 ). erwarten. Deshalb sollte das Wasser nach Möglichkeit sofort nach der Moringa - Reinigung genossen werden. Ansonsten ist das baldige Abkochen des gereinigten P e ace P roce ss: Wasser anzuraten. Um den Eintrag unnötig großer Mengen an organischem Th e cab ine t of th e E ritre an g ov e rnm e nt h as cate g orically re je cte d Moringa - Samenmaterial zu vermeiden, sollte die E th iopia‘s fiv e -point pe ace initiativ e . Th e cab ine t d e scrib e d th e Klärung mit dem wässrigen Extrakt des Samenpulvers initiativ e as a m ock e ry and a d e ce itfu l act. Th e g ov e rnm e nt sh ou ld not w aste tim e b y look ing into E th iopia‘s ne w pe ace initiativ e , th e

Seite 19 cab ine t said . It also d e clare d th at it w ou ld not acce pt any ne g otiation te rritory and d oe s not cre ate g re at conce rn to th e m ission in th e are a b e fore th e b ord e r d e m arcation (H izb a w i, J a n . 1 ). (D a ily M on itor, J a n . 7 -9 ). Th e U N Se cu rity C ou ncil h as w e lcom e d E th iopia‘s ne w pe ace E ritre an g ov e rnm e nt sold ie rs are said to h av e attack e d H ad ish A d i, initiativ e to re solv e th e E th io-E ritre a b ord e r d ispu te , th e M inistry of ne ar th e d ispu te d tow n of B ad m e , and k ille d and w ou nd e d an Inform ation d isclose d . A ccord ing to th e cu rre nt C ou ncil P re sid e nt, u nspe cifie d nu m b e r of pe ople . Th e sou rce s also said th at P rim e A b d e lla B aali of A lg e ria, th e Se cu rity C ou ncil acce pte d th e fiv e -point M iniste r M e le s Z e naw i h ad ord e re d th e E th iopian A rm e d F orce s to pe ace proposal ad opte d b y th e H ou se of P e ople s‘ R e pre se ntativ e s b e on fu ll ale rt to d e fe nd and safe g u ard th e cou ntry ag ainst any on N ov . 2 5 , 2 004 , th e m inistry said . Th e Se cu rity C ou ncil note d th at E ritre an ag g re ssion. Th is w as ind icate d in a pre ss state m e nt of th e th e tw o cou ntrie s ne e d to prom ote g ood ne ig h b orline ss and pe ace fu l C h ie f of Staff of th e E th iopian A rm e d F orce s. A ccord ing to sou rce s, co-e x iste nce b y e nd ing th e d ispu te (S ta te m ed ia , D ec . 2 2 ). e v e n th ou g h th e re are prov ocation b y b oth sid e s at th e b ord e r, U N Se cre tary -G e ne ral K ofi A nnan h as acce pte d E th iopia‘s fiv e -point ne ith e r cou ntry h as y e t g iv e n any official state m e nt on th e pe ace initiativ e . M r. A nnan said th e initiativ e w ou ld h e lp b ring pe ace prov ocation (The M on itor, D ec . 2 4 ). b e tw e e n th e tw o cou ntrie s and im ple m e nt fu lly th e A lg ie rs Th e D u tch A v iation Socie ty h as re porte d th at E ritre a h ad re ce ntly A g re e m e nt. Th e E u rope an U nion, R u ssia, J apan, and C h ina h av e pu rch ase d six SU -2 5 fig h te rs. Sou rce s said th e se fig h te rs are also d e clare d th e ir su pport for th e pe ace initiativ e . H ow e v e r, th e U .S. capab le of attack ing A d d is A b ab a. A ccord ing to th e socie ty , th e h as ch ose n sile nce . Sou rce s said th is h as cre ate d conce rn am ong E ritre an g ov e rnm e nt pu rch ase d 10 M ig -2 9 fig h te rs b e cau se of th e officials of th e E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt (A d d is A d m a s , D ec . 1 1 ). E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt‘s pu rch ase of SU -2 7 fig h te rs, th e socie ty Th e H ou se of P e ople s‘ R e pre se ntativ e s on N ov . 2 5 approv e d a ne w ad d e d . E ritre an, R u ssian and U k rainian pilots fly th e fig h te rs, it fiv e -point pe ace initiativ e d e sig ne d b y th e g ov e rnm e nt to ad d re ss th e state d . In 2 000, th e E ritre an g ov e rnm e nt b ou g h t e ig h t SU -2 5 fig h te rs E th io-E ritre an b ord e r d ispu te pe ace fu lly . A t its 7 th re g u lar se ssion, and six M ig -2 9 fig h te rs. E ritre a lost tw o M ig -2 9 fig h te rs d u ring th e th e H ou se e nd orse d th e pe ace proposal pre se nte d b y P rim e M iniste r w ar. Th e D u tch A v iation Socie ty also said th at th e E ritre an A ir F orce M e le s Z e naw i, w h ich , am ong oth e rs, inclu d e s E th iopia‘s conse nt to h as airfie ld s in B are ntu , M assaw a and A ssab (A s q u a l, D ec . 1 4 ). acce pt, in principle , th e d e cision of th e E th iopia-E ritre a B ou nd ary C om m ission (E E B C ). Th e H ou se e nd orse d th e plan b y ov e rw h e lm ing m ajority . F ollow ing is th e fiv e -point pe ace proposal. L and M ine s 1. R e solv e th e d ispu te b e tw e e n E th iopia and E ritre a only and only th rou g h pe ace fu l m e ans. Th e N airob i Su m m it on a M ine -F re e W orld , h e ld from N ov . 2 9 to D e c. 2 . R e solv e th e root cau se s of th e conflict th rou g h d ialog u e w ith a 3 , 2 004 , ope ne d w ith ne w s th at E th iopia h ad b e com e th e 14 4 th state v ie w to norm aliz ing re lations b e tw e e n th e tw o cou ntrie s. to ratify th e O ttaw a C onv e ntion th at b ans th e prod u ction, stock piling , 3 . E th iopia acce pts, in principle , th e d e cision of th e E th iopia-E ritre a u se and transfe r of land m ine s. Th ou sand s of land m ine s are b e lie v e d B ou nd ary C om m ission. to h av e b e e n laid w h e n E th iopia and E ritre a fou g h t ov e r d ispu te d 4 . E th iopia ag re e s to pay its d u e s to th e E th iopia-E ritre a B ou nd ary te rritory in th e 19 9 0s. Th e sig ning b y E th iopia le av e s Som alia as th e C om m ission and to appoint fie ld liaison office rs. only state in Su b -Sah aran A frica th at h as not acce pte d th e O ttaw a 5 . Start d ialog u e im m e d iate ly in ord e r to im ple m e nt th e E th iopia- C onv e ntion. Th e N airob i Su m m it is th e first fiv e -y e ar R e v ie w E ritre a B ou nd ary C om m ission‘s d e cision in a m anne r consiste nt w ith C onfe re nce of th e 19 9 7 O ttaw a C onv e ntion (C a tholic In form a tion th e prom otion of su stainab le pe ace and b roth e rly tie s b e tw e e n th e S erv ic e for A fric a , N ov . 3 0 ). tw o pe ople s (S ta te m ed ia , N ov . 2 5 ). A re ce ntly com ple te d tw o-y e ar E th iopian L and m ine Im pact Su rv e y said th e w e apons b lig h t th e liv e s of tw o m illion pe ople in th e cou ntry . N orw e g ian P e ople ‘s A id , w h o carrie d ou t th e su rv e y , said 16 ,000 C ontinu ing H ostilitie s: pe ople h av e b e e n v ictim s of b lasts œ w ith 1,2 9 5 k ille d or inju re d in th e last tw o y e ars (IRIN , N ov . 2 4 ). A ccord ing to S u d a n Trib u n e, th e ch airm an of th e E ritre an D e m ocratic P arty (E D P ), A to M e sfin H ag os, h ad cle arly told A to M e le s Z e naw i, P rim e M iniste r, th at if th e d ispu te b e tw e e n E th iopia and E ritre a cou ld E c o n o m ic s, F in a n c e , C o m m e rc e not b e re solv e d pe ace fu lly and if w ar b re ak s ou t, E D P w ou ld fig h t ag ainst E th iopia to prote ct th e sov e re ig nty of E ritre a. E D P is fig h ting to re m ov e from pow e r th e g ov e rnm e nt of A to Issay as A fe w ork i in State R e v e nu e s, B u d g e t, E conom ic G row th : E ritre a. Th e tw o m e n m e t on D e c.2 6 and 2 7 in K h artou m . A to M e sfin H ag os also d e m and e d th at E th iopian force s le av e th e E ritre an D u e to lack of stru ctu ral ch ang e , th e E th iopian e conom y su ffe rs from te rritorie s th e y h av e occu pie d , S u d a n Trib u n e re porte d (L is s a n e sh arp and fre q u e nt flu ctu ations, accord ing to th e th ird annu al re port H izb , J a n . 1 4 ). on th e E th iopian E conom y in 2 002 /03 pu b lish e d b y th e E th iopian E th iopia‘s arm e d force s h av e m ov e d to d iffe re nt fronts, inclu d ing to E conom ic A ssociation and lau nch e d on N ov . 8 . "Th e E th iopian th e A ssab front. A ccord ing to sou rce s, th e com m and q u arte r of th e e conom y h as not ch ang e d m u ch d e spite all k ind s of inte rv e ntions E th iopian arm y statione d in B ati, W ollo, h as also m ov e d to A d ig rat. In from policy m ak e rs. B e cau se of th e pe rsiste nt d om inance of rain-fe d ad d ition, th e 14 th arm y d iv ision h as m ov e d to th e re g ion from E ast trad itional ag ricu ltu re , th e e conom y is prone to sh arp and fre q u e nt E th iopia. Sou rce s said th e arm y statione d in A d w a is m ov ing to th e flu ctu ations d u e to ch ang e s in w e ath e r cond itions. So, th e m ost H u m e ra sid e of th e b ord e r w ith E ritre a. Sim ilarly , E ritre a m ov e d its cru cial issu e facing th e E th iopian e conom y is lack of stru ctu ral troops from A d i-Q u ala to a cam p 2 2 k m from Tig rai (M e re b R iv e r). ch ang e ," th e re port ad d e d . - Th e th e m e of th e annu al re port, Som e re sid e nts of Tig rai h av e e x pre sse d th e ir conce rn on th e accord ing to th e E th iopian E conom ic P olicy R e se arch Institu te , is possib ility of w ar b e tw e e n th e tw o ne ig h b oring cou ntrie s, and te nsion ind u strializ ation and ind u strial policy in E th iopia. A ccord ing to th e is h ig h in th e re g ion (A s q u a l, J a n . 1 1 ). re port, th e se ctor only g e ne rate s a g ross v alu e of ab ou t 9 5 0m U SD , U nite d N ations officials said th at th e y h av e u nd e rtak e n a joint im ply ing a pe r capita prod u ction of le ss th an 15 $ pe r y e ar. N ot only v e rification w ith E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt re g ard ing th e re ce nt troops h as m anu factu ring g row th b e e n lim ite d , on av e rag e to 1.8 % annu ally m ov e m e nt ob se rv e d ov e r th e w e e k arou nd th e m ission are a. Sissk e l since th e m id 9 0s, it h ad b e e n also m ark e d b y cy clical v ariations. Th e E k ass, D e pu ty Spe cial R e pre se ntativ e of U N M E E , told jou rnalists at re port d isclose d th at d e spite th e prob le m s and constrains th at a pre ss confe re nce h e ld b e tw e e n A d d is A b ab a and A sm ara th at m anu factu ring se ctor h ad e ncou nte re d for d e cad e s, th e re w as not a th e re h av e b e e n a lot of accu sations ab ou t m ilitary b u ild -u ps b y th e com pre h e nsiv e ind u strial policy to d ate to g u id e th e ind u strial tw o sid e s ov e r th e last fe w d ay s. E k aas told jou rnalists th at th e re h as prog ram of th e cou ntry . A nd th e re port also trie d to d raw an ind u strial b e e n a b it of re positioning of troops on th e E th iopian sid e . Sh e , policy fram e w ork consid e re d h e lpfu l to prom ote th e pace of h ow e v e r, said th at th e troop m ov e m e nt w as in d e pth in th e E th iopian ind u strializ ation (Reporter, N ov . 1 0 ).

Seite 20

D e b ts, G rants, L oans and C re d its: F ore ig n Trad e :

Th e g ov e rnm e nts of E th iopia and Italy sig ne d an ag re e m e nt of 3 .1 C offe e prod u ction in E th iopia is m ostly conce ntrate d in th e O rom ia b illion b irr d e b t cance llation. Th e E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt w ill u se th e and sou th e rn re g ions. Th e are a u nd e r coffe e prod u ction h as sh ow n cance lle d d e b t m one y to finance its pov e rty re d u ction prog ram . Th e m u ch g row th from 3 5 0,000 h a in th e late 19 8 0s to arou nd 4 5 0,000 h a Italian g ov e rnm e nt h as w ritte n off 100% of E th iopia‘s d e b t w h ich is in th e late 19 9 0s. C offe e is E th iopia‘s larg e st fore ig n cu rre ncy e arne r m ore b y 10% th an th e 9 0% ag re e m e nt E th iopia sig ne d w ith th e P aris ne x t to h id e s and sk ins, accou nting for m ore th an 6 0% In re ce nt C lu b cre d itors u pon re ach ing th e C om ple tion P oint and as pe r th e tim e s, its contrib u tion to th e G D P h as falle n from 7 0% to 3 5 % , E nh ance d H e av ily Ind e b te d P oor C ou ntrie s (H IP C ) Initiativ e in A pril am ou nting to 8 3 0m U SD in lost e x ports (S u b -S a ha ra n In form er, D ec . 2 004 (E TV , J a n . 3 ). 2 4 ). Th e G ov e rnm e nts of E th iopia and th e U .S. h av e sig ne d an O x fam th is w e e k ope ns w h at it h ope s w ill b e th e first in a ch ain of fair ag re e m e nt prov id ing for th e cance llation of E th iopia‘s 6 2 8 m b irr d e b t. trad e coffe e sh ops, u nd e r th e b anne r P rog re so. Th e m ov e is th e Th e d e b t w as cance lle d to e nab le E th iopia u tiliz e th e m one y th at re su lt of collab oration b e tw e e n th e ch arity and coffe e coope rativ e s in w ou ld h av e g one to d e b t se rv icing for th e im ple m e ntation of pov e rty E th iopia, H ond u ras and Ind one sia. D e spite a b oom in coffe e re d u ction prog ram s. Th e U .S. G ov e rnm e nt h as w ritte n off 100% of consu m ption, coffe e g row e rs h av e se e n price s slu m p b y 7 0% since E th iopia‘s d e b t su rpassing th e 9 0% ag re e m e nt E th iopia sig ne d w ith 19 9 7 . Th e O x fam -b ack e d v e ntu re aim s to re d re ss th e b alance b y th e P aris C lu b cre d itors (E TV , D ec . 3 0 ). g iv ing th e th re e coope rativ e s 2 5 % w h ich w ill b e h e ld in tru st for Th e A frican D e v e lopm e nt B ank (A D B ) G rou p h ad approv e d and proje cts inv olv ing oth e r coffe e g row e rs. Th e first café w ill ope n in im ple m e nte d six d e v e lopm e ntal ope rations in E th iopia w orth 13 7 m L ond on‘s C ov e nt G ard e n (D a ily M on itor, N ov . 2 ). U SD d u ring th e 2 004 final y e ar of th e A D F -IX . D r. P .T. Se y a, R e sid e nt R e pre se ntativ e of E th iopian C ou ntry O ffice , said th at th e ope rations inclu d e d th e ag ricu ltu ral se ctor, transport and pu b lic Inv e stm e nt and Inv e stm e nt P olicy : u tilitie s (conce ntrating on ru ral e le ctrification, w ate r su pply and sanitation) (D a ily M on itor, D ec . 3 0 ). Italy h as g rante d a 2 2 0m E u ro loan to th e E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt for Th e F re nch G ov e rnm e nt h as w ritte n off E th iopia‘s 5 .5 m e u ro d e b t. th e constru ction of th e G ilg e l G ib e II proje ct, th e Italian D e v e lopm e nt Th e F re nch G ov e rnm e nt ag re e d to cance l E th iopia‘s d e b t at th e C oope ration d isclose d . Th is loan is re porte d to b e th e h ig h e st for th e P aris C lu b m e e ting h e ld in M ay 2 004 . Th e pre se nt d e b t cance llation e ne rg y se ctor since th e official b ilate ral re lations of th e tw o cou ntrie s is part of th e b ilate ral d e b t cance llation accord (E N A , D ec . 2 4 ). cam e into e ffe ct. Th e E th iopian E le ctric P ow e r C orporation (E E P C o) Th e W orld B ank ‘s B oard of E x e cu tiv e D ire ctors on Tu e sd ay e x pe cts to h av e ph ase II of th e G ilg e l G ib e h y d roe le ctric facility approv e d an Inte rnational D e v e lopm e nt A ssociation (ID A ) cre d it of proje ct online soon. G ilg e l G ib e II, locate d on th e O m o R iv e r in 19 m U SD and a g rant of 5 m U SD to stim u late priv ate se ctor sou th w e ste rn E th iopia, h as a g e ne rating capacity of 4 5 0 M W , and it participation in th e E th iopian e conom y . Th e P riv ate Se ctor w ill tak e 4 4 m onth s for its com ple tion. U pon com ple tion of th e se cond D e v e lopm e nt C apacity B u ild ing P roje ct w ill su pport capacity b u ild ing ph ase of th e proje ct, 7 3 % of th e tow ns across th e cou ntry w ill h av e for firm s th rou g h a m atch ing g rant fu nd , cataly z ing innov ation and acce ss to e le ctricity (C a pita l, D ec . 5 ). e ntre pre ne u rsh ip th rou g h a b u sine ss plan com pe tition and assisting E th iopia h as b e e n cate g oriz e d as one of th e d e v e loping cou ntrie s b u sine ss sch ools to b e tte r train m anag e rs. Th e re le ase ad d e d th at th at re g iste re d th e le ast inflow in F ore ig n D ire ct Inv e stm e nt (F D I). th e proje ct w ou ld also su pport pov e rty re d u ction strate g y d ialog u e A ccord ing to an U N C TA D re port, E th iopia h as b e e n cate g oriz e d as and im ple m e ntation of policy m e asu re s ag re e d in th e fram e w ork of one of th e 2 5 poor A frican cou ntrie s th at h av e sh are d le ss th an 0.1 th e pov e rty re d u ction su pport cre d it (E N A , D ec . 2 3 ). b illion F D I flow s to th e re g ion (D a ily M on itor, N ov . 2 4 ). Th e W orld B ank 's B oard of E x e cu tiv e D ire ctors h as approv e d a U S$ Th e E th iopian Inv e stm e nt C om m ission h as issu e d lice nse s to 2 8 4 13 0m cre d it to th e G ov e rnm e nt of E th iopia to su pport th e inv e stors w ith a com b ine d capital of 2 .5 2 b illion b irr d u ring th e first im ple m e ntation of its se cond pov e rty re d u ction su pport strate g y in q u arte r of th e y e ar. 15 1 of th e inv e stors are fore ig ne rs. Th e inv e stors 2 004 /05 . Th e cre d it se e k s to prom ote g row th and e m ploy m e nt are carry ing ou t proje cts in ag ricu ltu re , ind u stry , e d u cation, h e alth , cre ation, h u m an re sou rce d e v e lopm e nt and g ood g ov e rnance b y constru ction, h ote ls and tou rism as w e ll as trad e . U pon com ple tion, su pporting th e g ov e rnm e nt in im prov ing planning and b u d g e ting . It th e proje cts are e x pe cte d to ope n job opportu nitie s for ov e r 13 ,000 w ill also su pport th e d e ce ntraliz ation proce ss in E th iopia b y ad d ing to pe ople (Ra d io E thiopia , N ov . 2 1 ). th e pool of fu nd s av ailab le for tim e ly and pre d ictab le fiscal su pport to local g ov e rnm e nts. A b ou t 7 0% of re g ional b u d g e ts are finance d b y Tou rism : th e fe d e ral g ov e rnm e nt v ia transfe rs, w h ich are d e te rm ine d accord ing to e ach re g ion's popu lation, d e v e lopm e nt statu s, and ow n- A to Y u su f A b d u lah i Su k ar, E th iopia‘s Tou rism C om m issione r, h as re v e nu e e ffort (S ta te m ed ia , D ec . 2 ). said th at e x ce pt for Sh e raton A d d is and th e A d d is A b ab a H ilton, all A w ash Inte rnational B ank (A IB ) h as b e com e th e se cond b ank in th e oth e r h ote ls d o not ch arg e clie nts in par w ith th e se rv ice th e y E th iopia to e njoy th e U .S. g ov e rnm e nt‘s g u arante e sch e m e w h ich is re nd e r. C om m e nting on A to Y u su f‘s re m ark s, A to Tse g ay e A sfaw , prov id e d for loans e x te nd e d to coope rativ e s ope rating in th e pre sid e nt of h ote ls and re stau rants e m ploy e rs association, said th e cou ntry ‘s ag ricu ltu ral se ctor. Th rou g h its aid arm , U SA ID , th e U .S. E th iopia Tou rism C om m ission h as not g iv e n su pport nor g ov e rnm e nt h as alre ad y starte d to prov id e collate ral to sm all and e ncou rag e m e nt and consu ltancy se rv ice s to th is se ctor. Th e re are m e d iu m siz e d b u sine sse s, org aniz e d in coope rativ e s, to tak e loans 3 3 4 h ote ls w ith inte rnational stand ard , tw o fiv e -star, fiv e fou r-star, 18 from th e B ank of A b y ssinia. Th e B ank e nte re d into th is first d e al in th re e -star and 16 tw o-star and 13 one -star h ote ls in th e cou ntry 2 000 w ith U SA ID for g u arante e s w orth 2 2 m b irr. - B oth partie s h av e (Reporter, J a n . 2 ). ag re e d th at th e U .S. g ov e rnm e nt w ou ld prov id e th e b ank h alf of w h at W ith its w id e v arie ty of tou rism site s and h istorical place s, th e w orld b orrow e rs h av e d e fau lte d . U SA ID C ou ntry D ire ctor to E th iopia, Tou rism O rg aniz ation (W TO ) h as ch ose n E th iopia to b e part of th e W illiam H am m ink , told F ortu n e th at th e prog ram h as b e e n su cce ssfu l W TO ‘s Su stainab le Tou rism and E lim ination of P ov e rty (STE P ) as th e B ank of A b y ssinia ne v e r cam e b ack claim ing to b e paid for Initiativ e , it w as state d . M r. F rance sco F rag ialli, W TO Se cre tary d e fau lte d b orrow e rs. Th e b ank h as ad v ance d 2 9 cre d it facilitie s in G e ne ral said th at th e org aniz ation is re ad y to su pport E th iopia in its fiv e re g ional state s, h alf of w h ich w e re in coope rativ e s th at g row e nd e av ors to prom ote tou rism in th e cou ntry . F rang ialli said th at th e g rain and coffe e (F ortu n e, N ov . 7 ). initiativ e w ou ld h e lp E th iopia g e t com m e nd ab le assistance in capacity b u ild ing , planning and m anag e m e nt of tou rism se ctors (The D a ily M on itor, N ov . 1 7 ).

Seite 21

Transport and C om m u nication: afte r th re e y e ars. Th e issu ance of th e ce rtificate s w ill h e lp cre ate a land m anag e m e nt sy ste m for rapid and su staine d d e v e lopm e nt, h e ad d e d . Th e land plots of 2 .3 m illion farm e rs h av e b e e n m e asu re d in Th e E th iopian Te le com m u nications C orporation (E TC ) h ad sig ne d a Tig rai, A m h ara, O rom ia and Sou th e rn N ations, N ationalitie s and m ob ile te le ph one e x pansion proje ct ag re e m e nt w ith E rik sson and P e ople s‘ State as a re q u isite for issu ing th e ce rtificate s, h e said , N ok ia th at w ill m ak e 6 5 0,000 cu stom e rs‘ b e ne ficiarie s. E ricsson ad d ing th at 1.5 m illion farm e rs h ad alre ad y re ce iv e d ce rtificate s. ag re e d to accom plish th e m ob ile ne tw ork e x pansion proje ct w ith a 3 ,000 farm e rs w ill re ce iv e th e ce rtificate s th is y e ar, M u lu g e ta said total of 4 7 .4 m U SD . Th e proje ct w ill se rv e 4 2 5 ,000 cu stom e rs ou t of (Ra d io E thiopia , J a n . 5 ). w h ich 2 5 0,000 m ob ile line s are for se rv ice se e k e rs from A d d is Th e M inistry of A g ricu ltu re and R u ral D e v e lopm e nt h as said th at A b ab a; th e re st w ill b e allocate d to cu stom e rs in re g ions. Th e 4 8 0,000 M T of fe rtiliz e r is re q u ire d nationw id e for th e 19 9 7 /9 8 crop e x pansion proje ct in A d d is A b ab a w ill b e finish e d w ith in fou r m onth s se asons. F or th e com ing b e lg crop se ason, ov e r 107 ,000 m e tric tons w h ile it w ill tak e six m onth s in re g ions (D a ily M on itor, J a n . 2 1 ). is av ailab le locally , it said . A ccord ing to M u lu g e ta, th e h e ad of th e Th e rad io station of th e Sou th e rn N ations, N ationalitie s and P e ople s‘ m inistry ‘s inform ation and pu b lic re lations b u re au , a b id h as b e e n State w ill start te st transm issions afte r a m onth . Th e rad io station w ill issu e d to b u y 2 00,000 M T of fe rtiliz e r. So far, 5 0,000 m e tric tons h as b road cast for th re e h ou rs d aily (E N A , J a n . 1 2 ). b e e n im porte d , and 5 7 ,6 6 9 m e tric tons of U R E A and D A P is in store , Th e A frican D e v e lopm e nt F u nd (A D F ) h as approv e d a loan M u lu g e ta said (E N A , N ov . 2 7 ). ag re e m e nt of 5 1.6 m U SD to finance th e M om b assa-N airob i-A d d is A b ab a R oad C orrid or D e v e lopm e nt P roje ct. Th e proje ct is an im portant se ction of th e Trans-A frican H ig h w ay C orrid or from C airo D rou g h t, F lood , F am ine and F ood A id : to C ape Tow n. Th e road carrie s a consid e rab le v olu m e of h e av y traffic and its stand ard is inad e q u ate com pare d to its d e sig nation as H e rd s of liv e stock in A far State h av e d e stroy e d cotton on 4 3 0 h a in not only th e m ain inte rnational road conne cting K e ny a and E th iopia Te nd ah o plantation in A far State . R e sid e nts of th e are a le d th e ir b u t also as a Trans-A frican H ig h w ay (S ta te m ed ia , D ec . 1 4 ). liv e stock to th e plantation b e cau se of acu te prob le m s of g raz ing land A to Tafari W osse n, ow ne r of priv ate m e d ia in A d d is A b ab a, h as for th e anim als as a re su lt of d rou g h t. Th e cattle h av e b e e n in th e d isclose d plans to start a com m u nity rad io station in E th iopia. A to plantation starting D e c. 2 8 . Th e ch ie f ad m inistrator of th e state and Tafari said com m u nity rad io cam e to b e k now n in E th iopia only in officials from th e F e d e ral G ov e rnm e nt w e re in th e are a to find a 2 002 . H e said th e re h as b e e n no m e ntion of com m u nity rad io b e fore solu tion to th e crisis (Reporter, J a n . 1 6 ). th at e ith e r in th e pre ss law or in th e national constitu tion. C om m u nity C once rn is m ou nting ov e r th e lik e ly long -te rm im pact of poor rains in rad io w as first m e ntione d in th e ne w d raft pre ss law . E v e n th e re , it is E th iopia's re m ote A far re g ion, h u m anitarian sou rce s in th e are a said . not e x h au stiv e ly d e fine d , h e said , b u t w as casu ally m e ntione d w ith a V ale rie B row ning , of th e A far P astoralists D e v e lopm e nt A ssociation, prom ise th at d e tails w ou ld b e g iv e n in a su b se q u e nt law (V O A , D ec . w arne d th at critical w ate r and food sh ortag e s w e re th re ate ning b oth 9 ). pe ople and th e ir liv e stock . B row ning said sh e h ad w itne sse d Th e E th iopian Te le com m u nications C orporation (E TC ) h ad sig ne d a m assiv e liv e stock d e ath s - u p to 8 5 % of anim als in one v illag e - and proje ct ag re e m e nt w ith C h ina‘s Inte rnational Te le com m u nication m alnu trition particu larly in ch ild re n u nd e r tw o and pre g nant m oth e rs. C onstru ction C orporation (C ITC C ) prov id ing for th e installation of A b ou t 1.2 m illion pe ople liv e in A far, a low land re g ion b ord e ring fib e r ne tw ork in tw o d ire ctions in w e ste rn E th iopia. Th e ag re e m e nt is D jib ou ti and E ritre a, cov e ring 2 7 0,000 sq . k m . Th e re g ion, w h ose one of th e th re e proje cts E TC d e sig ne d to install optical fib e r cab le pastoral popu lation are m ainly nom ad ic h e rd e rs liv ing off th e ir ne tw ork as part of its plan to u nd e rtak e nationw id e installation of a liv e stock , re ce iv e s le ss th an 2 00 m m of rain a y e ar, accord ing to 4 ,000-k m optical fib e r cab le b ack b one transm ission sy ste m ne tw ork g ov e rnm e nt statistics. Th e U N W orld F ood P rog ram said its in e ig h t m ajor d ire ctions. It cov e rs A d d is A b ab a-J im m a and A d d is asse ssm e nts h ad re v e ale d d w ind ling pastu re , cau sing ab norm al A b ab a-N e k e m pte 6 7 0-k m and trav e rse s 2 0 b ig tow ns. Th e proje ct m ig ration of h e rd e rs into ne ig h b oring are as (IRIN , J a n . 1 2 ). cost stand s at 6 6 .6 m b irr (E N A , N ov . 2 8 ). E th iopia, th e U N and oth e r h u m anitarian partne rs h av e appe ale d for E th iopia-Sie m e ns h as sig ne d a 14 5 m b irr w orth contract w ith th e 3 8 7 ,4 8 2 tons of food , approx im ate ly w orth 15 9 m U SD , for th e E TC for th e procu re m e nt of optical fib e r cab le installation proje ct. e stim ate d 2 .2 m illion ne e d y pe ople . Th e y h av e also ask e d for Th e proje ct w ill cov e r tw o rou te s - A d d is A b ab a-D e b re M ark os- 112 .7 4 m U SD of non-food assistance to m e e t e m e rg e ncy B ah ird ar-G ond ar and anoth e r rou te A d d is A b ab a M icrow av e -Su lu lta h u m anitarian ne e d s in 2 005 . L au nch ing th e 2 005 h u m anitarian B arth Station. A ccord ing to Sam u e l G e org e s, G e ne ral M anag e r for appe al for E th iopia on Th u rsd ay , D isaste r P re v e ntion and Sie m e ns E th iopia, th e proje ct w ou ld m ob iliz e som e 2 0,000 pe ople P re pare d ne ss C om m issione r Sim on M e ch ale said th at e fforts h av e (S u b -S a ha ra n In tern a tion a l, N ov . 2 6 ). b e e n m ad e to ad d re ss se parate ly th e ch ronic and acu te case load s for th e first tim e in th e h istory of appe als in E th iopia. A ccord ing ly , th e 2 005 h u m anitarian appe al is d u e to atte nd to th e acu te ne e d s of th e A g ric u ltu re , F o o d A id , D ro u g h t u npre d ictab le case load w h ile th e P rod u ctiv e Safe ty -ne t P rog ram w ou ld tack le long e r te rm food se cu rity ne e d s (E TV , D ec . 2 3 ). E th iopia re q u ire s u rg e nt assistance to fe e d ov e r 12 m illion pe ople A g ricu ltu ral Inpu t and O u tpu t: facing food sh ortag e s ne x t y e ar afte r rains faile d in th e last tw o se asons, a U S fam ine w arning u nit said . E aste rn and Sou th e rn Te n m illion farm e rs w ill re ce iv e ce rtificate s g u arante e ing land rig h ts, E th iopia w e re h it e spe cially h ard b y a d rou g h t, w h ich re su lte d in loss d e fle cting criticism ov e r E th iopia's controv e rsial te nu re sy ste m , of pastoral land and w ate r av ailab ility critical to th e su rv iv al of officials said . Th e ce rtificate s also allow farm e rs to se ll th e u se rig h t h u m ans and liv e stock . Th e re port said th e av ailab le food in th e of th e land to b ank s to raise collate ral, alth ou g h th e y cannot se ll th e cou ntry w ou ld last u ntil th e e nd of th is m onth and ab ou t 1.2 m illion land itse lf as it still re m ains u nd e r state ow ne rsh ip. F arm e rs can also tons of food w as ne e d e d to av e rt th e sh ortag e . - Th e are as re q u iring transfe r u se rig h ts to th e ir ch ild re n alth ou g h th e m inim u m plot siz e im m e d iate h e lp are sou th e rn and e aste rn Tig rai and th e low land s of w h e n d iv id e d u p am ong fam ilie s is h alf a h e ctare . H ow e v e r, analy sts O rom ia re g ion (Reu ters , N ov . 4 ). e x pre sse d cau tion ov e r th e th re e -y e ar tim e fram e and arg u e d th at b y falling sh ort of ow ne rsh ip, farm e rs w ill still b e re lu ctant to inv e st in th e ir land (IRIN , J a n . 1 1 ). F ood Se cu rity : Th e M inistry of A g ricu ltu re and R u ral D e v e lopm e nt h as annou nce d th at 10 m illion farm e rs w ill b e issu e d w ith ce rtificate s th at g u arante e G e rm an A g ro A ction (G A A ) E th iopia, an inte rnational N G O w ork ing th e ir rig h t to land u se w ith in th re e y e ars. Th e m inistry ‘s h e ad of m ainly on food se cu rity and e m e rg e ncy aid on N ov . 15 annou nce d inform ation and pu b lic re lations, M u lu g e ta D e b alk e w , told th at th e th at is w as e nte rprising v ariou s d e v e lopm e nt proje cts w ith a total issu ance th at b e g an last E th iopian cale nd ar y e ar w ou ld b e conclu d e d b u d g e t of 7 .5 m E u ro. M r. B e rnard M e ie r, G A A re g ional re pre se ntativ e to E th iopia told th at th e N G O h as cu rre ntly

Seite 22 im ple m e nte d 11 d e v e lopm e nt and re lie f proje cts th rou g h 10 local N ation re porte d on Satu rd ay . A rtist Sile sh i D e m isse , k now n b y th e N G O s in O rom ia, A m h ara, SN N P R and A far State s. F ood se cu rity nam e "G ash A b e ra", said th e aw ard w as g iv e n b y th e H ou se of and e m e rg e ncy aid for d rou g h t v ictim s, d e v e lopm e nt of ag ricu ltu ral C om m ons for org aniz ations or ind iv id u als w h o are m ak ing an e ffort irrig ation and e rosion pre v e ntion as w e ll as d rink ing w ate r su pply and to pre se rv e and prote ct th e e nv ironm e nt. Th e G ash A b e ra M olla h y g ie ne cou nse ling are th e d e v e lopm e nt activ itie s b e ing u nd e rtak e n proje ct w ork s on g e tting and k e e ping E th iopia cle an, g re e n and b y G A A in E th iopia. M e ie r ind icate d th at since G A A starte d its h e alth y . It also trie s to ch ang e th e attitu d e of th e socie ty tow ard s ope ration in E th iopia 3 0 y e ars ag o, 6 0m E u ro h as b e e n spe nt on k e e ping th e ir su rrou nd ing s cle an. E th iopian E nv ironm e ntal A u th ority v ariou s d e v e lopm e nt proje cts th rou g h th e cou ntry . A rou nd 5 00,000 cam e 2 nd am ong 1,000 cand id ate s from all ov e r th e w orld . Sile sh i, pe ople are cu rre ntly b e ing b e ne ficiarie s from th e d e v e lopm e nt proje ct w h o is g e ne ral m anag e r and fou nd e r of th e proje ct, said cou ntrie s b e ing u nd e rtak e n b y G A A in th e cou nty , it w as le arnt. M e ie r also lik e B ang lad e sh , M e x ico and K e ny a h av e lau nch e d sim ilar proje cts, ind icate d th at G A A h as allocate d a 6 m E u ro ru nning b u d g e t to th e ne w spape r re porte d (E N A , N ov . 14 , 2 004 ) u nd e rtak e d e v e lopm e nt activ itie s in th e y e ar 2 005 (Ra d io E thiopia , N ov . 1 4 ).

E nv ironm e nt: S o c ia l, C u ltu ra l a n d P o litic a l A sp e c ts

Inte rnational R e fu g e e s, an N G O b ase d in th e U .S., h as strong ly E le ctions: oppose d th e e v iction of 10,000 pe ople liv ing ne ar N e ch Sar P ark w ith ou t any com pe nsation. Th e N G O said it sh ou ld not b e ne ce ssary Th e H ou se of P e ople s‘ R e pre se ntativ e s on Tu e sd ay approv e d a b ill to h arm pe ople for th e sak e of d ollars. Th e N e ch Sar P roje ct aim s at am e nd ing th e e le ctoral law w ith tw o ob je ctions and se v e n g iv ing priority to com panie s and w ild anim als and not to h u m an ab ste ntions. Th e b ill w as am e nd e d to m ak e it com ply w ith th e b e ing s, th e N G O said . A frican P ark s F ou nd ation, a D u tch com pany , F e d e ral C onstitu tion, it said . Th e am e nd e d proclam ation e nsu re s th e sig ne d an ag re e m e nt w ith th e g ov e rnm e nt to d e v e lop N e ch Sar P ark . rig h ts of v oting and g e tting e le cte d , it w as said . Th e b ill w as Th e g ov e rnm e nt w ill h and ov e r th e park to th e D u tch com pany in e nd orse d afte r som e am e nd m e nts (S ta te m ed ia , J a n . 1 8 ). - Th e F e b . N e ch Sar P ark is in Sou th e rn N ations, N ationalitie s and N ational E le ctoral B oard (N E B ) h ad said th e re g istration of v ote rs P e ople s‘ State . Th e park h as an are a of 5 14 sq . k m and w as and cand id ate s w ou ld b e carrie d ou t b ase d on th e am e nd e d e le ctoral e stab lish e d 3 2 y e ars ag o (H izb a w i, J a n . 1 ). law . A ccord ing to th e old e le ctoral law , a v ote r is re q u ire d to re sid e Th e natu ral re sou rce s, e nv ironm e nt and ru ral infrastru ctu re case for a m inim u m of tw o conse cu tiv e y e ars in a spe cific k e b e le to b e stu d y h as d isclose d th at in pre se nt-d ay E th iopia d e g rad ation of re g iste re d as an e lig ib le v ote r b u t th e pe riod h as b e e n m inim iz e d to natu ral re sou rce s is th e m ajor e nv ironm e ntal prob le m affe cting th e six m onth s in th e ne w e le ctoral law (Ra d io E thiopia , J a n . 2 0 ). natu ral re sou rce s b ase and b iod iv e rsity , w h ich are th e b asis for Th e C arte r C e nte r h as annou nce d plans to assig n sh ort- and long - ach ie v ing acce le rate d ag ricu ltu ral d e v e lopm e nt and for m e e ting food te rm ob se rv e rs in th e national e le ctions in E th iopia sch e d u le d for se cu rity and oth e r b asic ne ce ssitie s. Som e re ce nt su rv e y s ind icate d ne x t M ay . Th e P re lim inary E le ction A sse ssm e nt Te am of th e C e nte r th at th e m ain cau se s of land d e g rad ation are cu ltiv ation of ste e p e x pre sse d its b e lie f th at form e r A m e rican P re sid e nt J im m y C arte r is land s w ith ou t apply ing conse rv ation practice , poor farm ing practice s e x pe cte d to se rv e as a sh ort-te rm e le ction ob se rv e r d u ring th e and continu ou s cropping w ith ou t nu trie nt re cy cling , ov e rg raz ing and e le ctions (Ra d io E thiopia , J a n . 1 2 ). th e im prope r land u se practice s th at cau se acce le rate d soil e rosion A ccre d ite d opposition partie s h av e th e rig h t to call m e e ting s to am ou nting to ov e r 1.5 m illion tons pe r y e ar and e colog ical introd u ce th e ir prog ram s any w h e re in th e cou ntry , and any b od y d e g rad ation. - O th e r stu d ie s m ad e in th e re ce nt past also ind icate d acting ag ainst th is w ill b e tak e n to cou rt, th e N ational E le ctoral B oard th at 2 8 % of th e h ig h land s of E th iopia is se v e re ly d e g rad e d land , of E th iopia (N E B ) annou nce d . Th e b oard approv e d th e d e cision w h ile anoth e r 2 4 % of it is m od e rate ly d e g rad e d land . In E th iopia, m ad e b y th e O rom ia State G ov e rnm e nt ag ainst ad m inistrativ e e stim ate s of d e fore station v ary from 15 0,000 to 2 00,000 h e ctare s pe r officials w h o inte rru pte d th e m e e ting of th e R ainb ow E th iopia œ annu m . Th e b u rning of d u ng as fu e l inste ad of u sing it as a soil M ov e m e nt for D e m ocracy and Social J u stice , one of th e national cond itione r is e stim ate d to cau se a re d u ction in g rain prod u ction b y opposition partie s, ju st b e fore it conv e ne d in D e b re Z e it. L ice nse d som e 5 00,000 tons annu ally . A ccord ing to th e stu d y , close political partie s h av e th e rig h t to ope n b ranch office s, introd u ce th e ir ob se rv ation sh ow s th at th e e ffe cts of land d e g rad ation, su ch as prog ram s and confe r w ith m e m b e rs in any part of th e cou ntry as pe r se d im e ntation, flood ing , d e te rioration of fre sh w ate r su pply from th e P roclam ation N u m b e r 4 6 /8 5 , th e officials said (E N A , J a n . 1 1 ). spring s, stre am and lak e s, and losse s of oth e r e nv ironm e ntal Th e E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt h as inv ite d inte rnational org aniz ations to b e ne fits, are b e com ing m ore cle ar and ob v iou s in th e cou ntry . Th e ob se rv e th e u pcom ing national and re g ional e le ctions to b e h e ld in loss of L ak e A le m ay a is a cle ar e v id e nce for th e d e te rioration of fre sh M ay 2 005 , th e E th iopian F ore ig n M inistry said . Th e E th iopian w ate r su pply (H izb a w i, J a n . 1 ). g ov e rnm e nt h as m ad e ne ce ssary pre parations to se e to it th at th e A re se arch m ad e in O ct. 2 004 b y th e E th iopian F ox C onse rv ation national e le ctions b e cond u cte d in a fre e and d e m ocratic m anne r, P rog ram state d th at cu rre ntly an e stim ate d 6 00 fox e s e x ist in se v e n note d th e M inistry . Th e inv ite d inte rnational org aniz ations inclu d e are as in E th iopia. D r. Z e lale m Te fe ra, a re se arch e r, proje ct d ire ctor U nite d N ations, A frican U nion, E u rope an U nion, P an A frican and acting coord inator of th e E th iopian F ox C onse rv ation P rog ram P arliam e nt, and th e A rab L e ag u e . Th e g ov e rnm e nt also inv ite d th e said , th at a total of 2 9 4 fox e s in 4 4 pack s are b e ing inte nsiv e ly U nite d State s, C anad a, Israe l, Ind ia, C h ina, J apan, R u ssia and m onitore d in th e B ale M ou ntains, and an e stim ate d 2 2 2 fox e s in 3 6 Tu rk e y to se nd th e ir ob se rv e rs (X in hu a n et, D ec . 6 ). pack s in fiv e oth e r are as of E th iopia. A fe w y e ars ag o, th e re w e re only 4 5 0 ad u lt fox e s fou nd in e le v e n isolate d m ou ntain locations in E th iopia. Th e y w e re th re ate ne d b y h ab itat loss, pe rse cu tion, d ise ase Inte rnal C onflicts: and h y b rid iz ation w ith d om e stic d og s. Th is e nd e m ic anim al is fou nd in th e Se m ie n m assif, M ou nt G u na, N orth and Sou th W ollo R e pre se ntativ e s of Som ali State in th e H ou se of F e d e ration h av e h ig h land s, G osh M e d a R ang e , M e nz R ang e , A rsi M ou ntain, and B ale re je cte d th e ou tcom e of th e re ce nt re fe re nd u m carrie d ou t in d ispu te d M ou ntains. Th e nu m b e r of fox e s liv ing arou nd th e B ale M ou ntain are as in Som ali and O rom ia state s. Th e H ou se of F e d e ration, are a h as m ore th an d ou b le d since th e 19 9 1-9 2 ou tb re ak of rab ie s, h ow e v e r, w e nt ah e ad and e nd orse d th e re su lts of th e re fe re nd u m . canine d iste m pe r and political u ph e av al. Th e 2 003 -04 ou tb re ak h ad A ccord ing to th e re fe re nd u m , 3 2 3 k e b e le s v ote d to b e u nd e r O rom ia k ille d an e stim ate d 7 5 -8 1 % of fox e s in th e d e nse ly popu late d are a State w h ile 9 9 k e b e le s v ote d for Som ali State . Th e Som ali state (D a ily M on itor, N ov . 2 1 ). ad m inistration alle g e d th at pe ople w h o w e re not re sid e nts in se v e ral Th e G ash A b e ra M olla proje ct h as w on th e Inte rnational G re e n A pple k e b e le s in O rom ia State h ad re g iste re d for th e re fe re nd u m . It also A w ard for E nv ironm e ntal B e st P ractice for 2 004 , th e A m h aric w e e k ly alle g e d th at ob se rv e rs w e re b anne d and th at th e v oting h ad b e e n rig g e d . O rom ia State h as also re g iste re d one com plaint w ith th e

Seite 23

N ational E le ctoral B oard (N E B ). N E B ask e d th e H ou se to e nd orse Th e M iniste r of Y ou th , Sport and C u ltu re h ad said th at an A m e rican th e re su lts of th e re fe re nd u m in w h ich ov e r 3 2 0,000 pe ople com pany w ou ld prov id e an aircraft th at can transport th e A x u m participate d (A d d is A d m a s , N ov . 2 0 ). O b e lisk from Italy to E th iopia. A m b assad or Te sh om e Tog a said th e S u d a n Trib u n e h as re porte d th at inform ation ob taine d from M e d e N ational C om m itte e for th e R e tu rn of th e A x u m O b e lisk h ad finaliz e d W e lab u D istrict in B ale Z one , in sou th e rn E th iopia, ind icate s th at pre parations th at w ou ld e nab le it re tu rn th e ob e lisk b e tw e e n J an. and score s of pe ople w e re k ille d and se v e ral h ou se s torch e d w h e n A pril 2 005 . Th e com m itte e h as e nd orse d plans form u late d b y th e v iole nt clash e s e ru pte d afte r pe ople w e re d e nie d th e ir rig h ts to v ote E v e nt F acilitation, Incom e -G e ne rating , P u b lic R e lations and in th e re fe re nd u m h e ld on 2 4 O ct. on b ord e r d ispu te b e tw e e n th e Te ch nical Su b -C om m itte e s se t to facilitate th e e v e nt m ark ing th e O rom iy a and Som alia re g ional state s. Sou rce s in th e are a said re tu rn of th e ob e lisk (E TV , D ec . 2 9 ). v iole nt clash e s e ru pte d b e tw e e n e th nic O rom os and Som alis w h e n A ph otog raph ic e x h ib ition d e picting th e ce nte nary of th e fou nd ing of ab ou t 100 e th nic O rom os w e re d e nie d th e rig h t to cast th e ir v ote s on th e d iplom atic re lationsh ip of E th iopia and U nite d State s of A m e rica th e pre te x t th at v oting tim e w as ov e r. Th e sou rce s said m ore th an 10 w as ope ne d to th e pu b lic in th e A rth u r R im b au d C u ltu ral C e nte r in pe ople w e re fe are d d e ad and se v e ral h ou se s w e re torch e d in th e H arrar tow n. Th e H arrari State Y ou th , Sports and C u ltu re Se ctor g risly and d e plorab le clash e s (D a ily M on itor, N ov . 2 ). org aniz e d th e ph otog raph e x h ib ition in collab oration w ith th e U S E m b assy . P u b lic R e lations D ire ctor, Sam W e stg ate , said on th e occasion th at th e e x h ib ition w ou ld portray th e d iplom atic and pe ople - P olitical P artie s: to-pe ople re lations as w e ll as th e long stand ing frie nd sh ip of th e tw o cou ntrie s ov e r th e past 100 y e ars. H arrari State C h ie f, F ou ad Th e C oalition for U nity and D e m ocracy (C U D ) and th e U nite d Ib rah im , e x pre sse d h is g ratitu d e for th e stag ing of th e e x h ib ition, E th iopian D e m ocratic F orce s (U E D F ), th e tw o alliance s of opposition w h ich w ill re m ain ope n to th e pu b lic for th re e d ay s (W IC , D ec . 8 ). partie s, plan to jointly h old a d e m onstration ag ainst M e le s‘s pe ace P rofe ssor R ich ard P ank h u rst, inte rnationally re now ne d h istorian and proposal for th e b ord e r conflict w ith E ritre a. C U D ‘s pu b lic re lations E th iopicist, w as h onore d w ith th e O rd e r of th e B ritish E m pire (O B E ) office r, L id e tu A y ale w , calle d re sid e nts of A d d is A b ab a to atte nd th e at a ce re m ony h e ld at th e B ritish E m b assy . P rof. P ank h u rst said th at rally on Su nd ay , J an.2 , at M e sk e l Sq u are . H e also said th at C U D th e h onor is not for h im pe rsonally b u t rath e r a re cog nition of th e plans to org aniz e a pe ace fu l d e m onstration in M e k e le and oth e r im portance of E th iopian Stu d ie s w h ich in th e past, h e said , h ad b e e n m ajor citie s. O b se rv e rs said th is initiativ e w ou ld e ncou rag e insu fficie ntly re g ard e d . P rof. P ank h u rst ad d e d th at th e institu te is opposition g rou ps to w ork tog e th e r in th e u pcom ing e le ction (A s q u a l, com m itte d to b u ild ing a fu lly d ig itiz e d m od e rn lib rary in th e form e r D ec . 2 8 ). palace com pou nd th u s fre e ing space for d ram atic e x pansion of th e Th e E P R D F and th e U nite d E th iopian D e m ocratic F orce s (U E D F ) M u se u m (F ortu n e, N ov . 7 ). - P rofe ssor R ich ard P ank h u rst h as liv e d h e ld th e first of a se rie s of joint m e e ting s on Tu e sd ay . In a joint in E th iopia since 19 5 6 . H e told th at w ith th e h e lp of th e B ritish state m e nt th e partie s issu e d at th e e nd of th e se ssion, th e tw o e m b assy and th e B ritish C ou ncil, th e Institu te of E th iopian Stu d ie s partie s said th e y h ad h e ld d iscu ssions on a w id e rang e of issu e s w as u nd e rtak ing a 5 m U SD e x pansion proje ct (D a ily M on itor, N ov . re g ard ing th e u pcom ing e le ctions. Th e ru ling party , E P R D F , 1 1 ). confirm e d th at it cou ld acce pt, in principle , m ost of th e points of A cav e w h ich is ab ou t 2 8 -3 0 m illion y e ars old h as re porte d ly b e e n am e nd m e nt of th e national e le ctoral law propose d b y U E D F along d iscov e re d in Te llo D istrict, K affa Z one of th e Sou th e rn N ations, w ith oth e r partie s. Th e points E P R D F d e cline d to acce pt w e re th e N ationalitie s and P e ople s State . Th e cav e , w h ich is 8 0 m w id e and propose d ch ang e s in th e sy ste m of w inning b y m ajority v ote and th e 100 m long , h as tw o e ntrance s, tw o A m e rican arch ae olog ists liq u id ation of th e N ational E le ctoral B oard and its re place m e nt b y a cond u cting re se arch in th e d istrict d isclose d re ce ntly . Th e b oard com pose d of m e m b e rs pre se nte d b y political partie s (E TV , arch ae olog ists said th at th e y h ad fou nd ash and stone tools insid e N ov . 2 ). th e cav e . Th e h e ad of th e z onal cu ltu re and inform ation d e partm e nt said th e re are m any cav e s in th e are a (E N A , N ov . 1 1 ). N e w s ab ou t C u ltu re and H istory : Sports: N e w ance stral h om inid fossils d ate d b e tw e e n 4 .5 1-4 .3 2 m illion y e ars ag o h av e b e e n d iscov e re d at an are a locally k now n as D u m a in E th iopia re pe ate d h istory afte r clinch ing th e C E C A F A C u p (for E ast G ona W e ste rn M arg in in A far State . A ssig ne d to —A rd ipith icu s and C e ntral A frica) w ith a 3 -0 th u m ping of B u ru nd i in th e final on ram id u s“, th e h om inid spe cim e ns w e re d iscov e re d at th e G ona D e c. 2 5 at th e A d d is A b ab a Stad iu m in front of a capacity crow d . P alae oanth rpolog ical R e se arch P roje ct site , th e A u th ority for E th iopia‘s national te am re ce iv e d 3 5 ,000 $ w h ile B u ru nd i colle cte d R e se arch and C onse rv ation of H e ritag e (A R C C H ) told E N A . Th e 2 0,000 $ for se cond place , and Su d an, w h ich stood th ird , took h om e G ona te am h as also d iscov e re d nu m e rou s ne w h om inid fossils from 10,000 $ . Th e sponsor of th e tou rnam e nt, Sh e ik h M oh am m e d se v e ral k e y e v olu tionary pe riod s, inclu d ing h om inid fossils th at are H u sse in A l-A m ou d i, g av e e ach E th iopian play e r a g ift of 5 0,000 b irr e stim ate d to b e arou nd 5 .5 m illion y e ars, and sk u lls b e long ing to th e for k e e ping th e troph y , nam e d th e A l-A m ou d i Se nior C h alle ng e C u p, e arlie st re pre se ntativ e of g e nu s H om o, w h ich are still u nd e r stu d y . at h om e and m ak ing h is d re am com e h om e (C a pita l, D ec . 2 6 ). G ona pre se rv e s a continu ou s arch e olog ical re cord on th e stone tool Th e 4 th G re at E th iopian R u n w as h e ld in A d d is A b ab a on N ov . 2 8 m ak ing and u se b e h av iors of th e m od e rn m an ance stors from th e w ith th e participation of ov e r 2 0,000 ru nne rs. Th e b ig g e st in A frica, e arlie st d ate d to 2 .6 m illion y e ars to y ou ng e r ag e stone tools th e G re at R u n is g e tting v e ry popu lar w ith e ach passing y e ar. Th e e stim ate d to b e h alf-a-m illion y e ars (E TV , J a n . 1 9 ). e v e nt w as d e clare d ope n b y P rim e M iniste r M e le s Z e naw i. M iniste rs, C anad a‘s top storm ch ase r G e org e K ou rou nis w ill b e u sing Irid iu m d iplom ats, th e h and icappe d , m e n, w om e n, H IV /A ID S carrie rs, e tc. sate llite se rv ice s on h is u pcom ing tw o-w e e k v isit to th e E rta A le took part in th e race . Th e th e m e of th e G re at R u n, w h ich starte d and v olcano in E th iopia. M r. K ou rou nis w ill b e d oing th e film ing for th e e nd e d at M e sk e l Sq u are , w as —G iv e V alu e to Y ou r L ife “. Th e w inne r Sw iss-le d e x pe d ition th at w ill tak e h im to one of th e m ost re m ote and w as A b e b e D ink e se of th e A d d is A b ab a P rison w h o finish e d th e race h ostile e nv ironm e nts in th e w orld . Th e rare ly v isite d E rta A le v olcano in 2 9 m in. and 5 6 .01 se c (V O A , N ov . 2 8 ). is locate d in th e D anak il D e se rt in E th iopia, one of th e h otte st, d rie st, m ost inh ospitab le place s on e arth . It is E th iopia‘s m ost activ e v olcano and h as b e e n in a state of continu ou s e ru ption since 19 6 7 . It h as th e P ov e rty , P ov e rty R e d u ction: h ig h e st m e an av e rag e te m pe ratu re of any location in th e w orld , w ith d ay tim e te m pe ratu re s re ach ing ab ov e 4 00C in th e w inte r se ason. Th e W e alth y nations m u st q u ad ru ple aid to E th iopia if it is to e scape th e e x pe d ition w ill b e g in on J an. 14 and footag e w ill b e aire d on m ire of pov e rty and m e e t th e 2 015 inte rnational g oals, P rim e M iniste r D iscov e ry C h anne l C anad a and on th e W e b (D a ily M on itor, J a n . 7 - M e le s Z e naw i said . M e le s also calle d for d e b t cance llation and fair 9 ). trad e if th e cou ntry - one of th e poore st nations on e arth - is to ov e rcom e m assiv e and e ntre nch e d pov e rty . E th iopia, h e ad d e d ,

Seite 24 re ce iv e s arou nd U S $ 13 pe r capita in fore ig n aid com pare d to oth e r ab d u ction is 8 0% in th e cou ntry ‘s larg e st re g ion of O rom ia. Th e A frican cou ntrie s th at re ce iv e arou nd $ 3 0. H is com m e nts com e afte r re g ion h as a popu lation of ne arly 2 0 m illion. M arriag e b y ab d u ction th e U N re le ase d its M ille nniu m D e v e lopm e nt G oals (M D G s) re port on is as h ig h as 9 2 % in th e ne ig h b oring b u t le sse r popu late d Sou th e rn J an. 17 . Th e proje ct e stim ate s th at aid m u st incre ase from cu rre nt N ations N ationalitie s and P e ople s R e g ion (SN N P R ). Su rv e y s b y le v e ls of arou nd $ 5 0 b illion a y e ar to $ 19 5 b illion b y 2 015 to ach ie v e N C TP E ind icate a national av e rag e of 6 9 % . Th ose w h o h av e b e e n th e M D G s (IRIN , J a n . 1 8 ). v ictim s of m arriag e b y ab d u ction are te rm e d —g u su m e ti“, and d e rid e d E th iopia re q u ire s as m u ch as U S$ 12 2 b illion ov e r th e ne x t d e cad e if as non-v irg ins b y th e local com m u nity . G irls w h o re je ct th e ir attack e rs it is to w ipe ou t pov e rty and h u ng e r, accord ing to g ov e rnm e nt fig u re s. and re tu rn to th e ir v illag e s are sh u nne d , as are th e ir fam ilie s. Th e Th e g ov e rnm e nt said th e fu nd ing w as ne e d e d to m e e t th e e ig h t U N im m e nse pre ssu re for th e affe cte d g irls to acce pt th e ir fate is v e ry M ille nniu m D e v e lopm e nt G oals th at call for cu tting w orld pov e rty in pe rce ptib le (The D a ily M on itor, N ov . 1 6 ). h alf and e ncou rag ing d e v e lopm e nt b y 2 015 . - Th e g ov e rnm e nt A y ou th ce nte r nam e d D SW /B onita Y ou th D e v e lopm e nt Training e stim ate s th at $ 3 3 b illion is ne e d e d for ru ral d e v e lopm e nt, $ 19 b illion C e nte r constru cte d at a cost of ov e r 5 m b irr w as inau g u rate d . Th e to com b at H IV /A ID S and $ 13 b illion to ov e rh au l th e e d u cation se ctor. fu nd for th e constru ction of th e ce nte r w as prov id e d b y B onita, a Som e $ 2 7 b illion is ne e d e d to b u ild ne w road s in th e cou ntry w h ile priv ate G e rm an com pany e ng ag e d in th e g arm e nt ind u stry . th e h e alth se ctor re q u ire s an ad d itional $ 13 b illion. Th e g ov e rnm e nt A m b assad or D r. H e lg a G raffin Strach w itz said th at th e ce nte r w ou ld is e x pe cte d to prov id e arou nd 4 0% of th e ov e rall am ou nt in try ing to offe r not only re prod u ctiv e h e alth training b u t also all rou nd e d u cation m e e t th e M D G s, w h ile th e inte rnational com m u nity w ill pick u p th e on oth e r issu e s. W ro. M e k d e s A le m u , C ou ntry D ire ctor of D SW , said b alance (IRIN , D ec . 1 ). th at y ou th org aniz ations are b e com ing a m ajor force in tack ling th e im m e nse ch alle ng e s of y ou ng pe ople in re lation to u ne m ploy m e nt and re prod u ctiv e h e alth issu e s, su ch as H IV /A ID S O th e r Social and P olitical Issu e s: and u nw ante d pre g nancie s. Th e fiv e -b lock ce nte r h as facilitie s for training , b oard ing and d ining as w e ll as a m u ltipu rpose h all for Th e N ational A ssociation for th e E rad ication of H arm fu l Trad itional confe re nce s (E TV , N ov . 1 0 ). P ractice s said th at it w ou ld se t u p cu ltu ral ce nte rs in 5 0 ru ral k e b e le s Th e Se cu rity , Im m ig ration and R e fu g e e A ffairs A u th ority h as said of th e cou ntry to cond u ct ope n d iscu ssions am ong th e socie ty on 6 9 ,9 03 E th iopians h ad trav e le d to fore ig n cou ntrie s d u ring th e last h arm fu l trad itional practice s and to se e k possib le solu tions. Th e fiscal y e ar. Th e pu rpose s of th e ir v isits w e re e d u cation, b u sine ss, cu ltu ral ce nte rs w ill b e e stab lish e d across th e cou ntry in coope ration pilg rim ag e , m e d ical tre atm e nt and to liv e ab road . It w as also re porte d w ith U N IC E F , W om e n‘s A ffairs O ffice in th e O ffice of th e P rim e th at 14 2 ,3 7 3 E th iopians h ad re tu rne d to th e cou ntry from th e M iniste r and th e E th iopian W om e n L aw y e rs A ssociation (E W L A ). D iaspora. Th e au th ority said 2 07 ,06 1 fore ig ne rs e nte re d th e cou ntry Th e e stab lish m e nt of th e ce nte rs is e x pe cte d to b e instru m e ntal in from ab road d u ring th e sam e pe riod (Reporter, O c t. 3 1 ). raising pu b lic aw are ne ss on F e m ale G e nital M u tilation (F G M ), e arly m arriag e , ab d u ction and pre - and post-b irth h e alth com plications. A com m itte e com prising ju stice b od ie s, re lig iou s le ad e rs, and g e nd e r F ore ig n R e lations: e x pe rts w ill facilitate th e ope n d iscu ssion foru m s. A b u d g e t of 1.6 m b irr h as b e e n allocate d to b u ild th e cu ltu ral ce nte rs in a y e ar (Ra d io P rim e M iniste r M e le s arriv e d in K h artou m to atte nd th e su m m it E thiopia , J an. 15 ). m e e ting of Sana'a C oope ration G rou ping of D e c. 2 7 -2 8 . M e le s A stu d y pre se nte d at a d iscu ssion of th e A ssociation of E th iopian pointe d in a pre ss state m e nt th at th e su m m it w ou ld re v ie w Sch olars in C anad a h ad re v e ale d th at 7 5 % of E th iopia‘s traine d and coope ration b e tw e e n th e th re e m e m b e r state s, b e sid e s th e sk ille d m anpow e r liv e in th e D iaspora. O v e r 8 9 8 le ctu re rs at A d d is re com m e nd ations of th e pre v iou s su m m it, w h ich w as h e ld in A d d is A b ab a U niv e rsity (A A U ) w h o w e nt ab road at d iffe re nt tim e s for A b ab a. H e lau d e d th e le v e l of re lations b e tw e e n E th iopia and Su d an, training d id not re tu rn to E th iopia. O ne th ird of E th iopia‘s m e d ical pointing ou t th at th e re is g re at u nd e rstand ing b e tw e e n th e tw o d octors also liv e in th e D iaspora (Reporter, J a n . 1 9 ). cou ntrie s on issu e s of com m on conce rn (S u d a n Trib u n e, D ec . 2 6 ). - E th iopians liv ing in d iffe re nt parts of th e w orld h av e e x pre sse d th e ir Th e E th io-Su d ane se -Y e m e ni tripartite su m m it in K h artou m focu se d w illing ne ss and com m itm e nt to b ack d e v e lopm e nt e nd e av ors in th e ir m ainly on E th io-E ritre an affairs. E v e n th ou g h Y e m e ni P re sid e nt h om e cou ntry . A t a confe re nce org aniz e d b y F oru m Inte rnational for A b d allah Salih , ask e d D jib ou ti, Som alia and E ritre a to join th e E th iopians L iv ing in th e D iaspora (F IE L D ) and L e m E th iopia, tripartite Sana‘a F oru m , only Som alia re spond e d positiv e ly . E th iopians d raw n from E u rope , th e U .S, and C anad a, am ong w h om A ccord ing to A F P , th e Y e m e ni P re sid e nt calle d on th e th re e 2 0 are fam ou s scie ntists, ple d g e d to assist th e ir cou ntry financially cou ntrie s to join th e foru m d e claring an alliance of R e d Se a and and te ch nically . O pe ning th e one -d ay confe re nce , H .E . P re sid e nt H orn of A frican cou ntrie s th at w ou ld contrib u te to pe ace in th e re g ion G irm a W old e G iorg is calle d on E th iopians liv ing in th e D iaspora to (Reporter, D ec . 2 9 ). h e lp th e ir cou ntry b y g e ne rating v iab le solu tions, e ng ag ing in H .E . P rofe ssor D r. H orst K ö h le r, P re sid e nt of th e F e d e ral R e pu b lic of capacity b u ild ing and d e v e loping inv e stm e nt and e ntre pre ne u rsh ip G e rm any , w as to arriv e in A d d is A b ab a on Su nd ay for a fiv e -d ay to alle v iate e x tre m e pov e rty in th e cou ntry (S ta te m ed ia , J a n . 1 4 ). official v isit to E th iopia. D u ring h is stay , D r. K ö h le r h e ld talk s w ith O rph ans in E th iopia accou nt for 11% of all th e ch ild re n liv ing in th e P re sid e nt G irm a W old e G iorg is, P rim e M iniste r M e le s Z e naw i, oth e r cou ntry , a re port said . Th e re port pre se nte d at th e lau nch ing of th e se nior g ov e rnm e nt officials as w e ll as re pre se ntativ e s of v ariou s non- N ational P lan of A ction for O rph ans and V u lne rab le C h ild re n (O V C ) g ov e rnm e nt org aniz ations. H e is also to m e e t th e C h airpe rson of th e in E th iopia re v e ale d th at th e re w e re an e stim ate d 4 .6 m illion orph ans C om m ission of th e A frican U nion (A U ), P rof. A lph a O u m ar K onare , in th e cou ntry in 2 003 . A ccord ing to a 2 004 re port b y th e M inistry of and oth e r A U officials. K ö h le r, 6 1, is m arrie d and h as a d au g h te r and H e alth (M oH ), close to 5 00,000 ch ild re n h av e b e e n orph ane d b y a son (S ta te m ed ia , D e c. 11). H IV /A ID S. —Th e v u lne rab ility of th e orph ans sh ow s th at th e sch ool O n M ond ay , th e M iniste r of State at th e F e d e ral F ore ig n O ffice r of atte nd ance rate for th ose 10 to 14 y e ars of ag e is only 3 4 % for sing le G e rm any , K e rstin M ü lle r, and th e E th iopian State M iniste r of F inance orph ans, 2 6 % for d ou b le orph ans as com pare d to 4 3 % for non- and E conom ic D e v e lopm e nt, D r. M u lu K e tse la, sig ne d a d e b t orph ans,“ th e re port said (D a ily M on itor, D ec . 1 5 ). cance llation ag re e m e nt for a total of arou nd 6 7 m e u ro. Th e Th e A d d is A b ab a C ity A d m inistration and L e ipz ig C ity in G e rm any ce re m ony took place in th e pre se nce of P re sid e nt G irm a W old e h av e e nte re d into a partne rsh ip ag re e m e nt to foste r socio-e conom ic G iorg is and G e rm any ‘s P re sid e nt H orst K ö h le r (D a ily M on itor, D ec . re lations. Th e tw in citie s re ach e d ag re e m e nt to su pport e ach oth e r to 1 4 ). acce le rate prog re ss, M ay or A rk e b e E q u b ai said w h ile sig ning th e P re sid e nt G irm a W old e G iorg is and P rof. D r. H orst K ö h le r on ag re e m e nt w ith th e M ay or of L e ipz ig C ity C ou ncil, W olfg ang M ond ay inau g u rate d th e G e b re K ristos G alle ry and th e G e rm an Tie fe nse e (Ra d io E thiopia (D ec . 1 1 ). C u ltu ral Institu te locate d at th e form e r P alace of C row n P rince A su rv e y cond u cte d b y th e N ational C om m itte e on Trad itional A sfaw W osse n H aile Se lassie . - Th e pre sid e nt of A d d is A b ab a P ractice s of E th iopia (N C TP E ), th e pre v ale nce of m arriag e b y U niv e rsity (A A U ), P rof. A nd re as E sh e te , said th at th e e stab lish m e nt

Seite 25 of th e cu ltu ral ce nte r on cam pu s w ou ld b ring ab ou t an ong oing and b ilate ral and oth e r issu e s of com m on inte re st, th e M inistry of F ore ig n intim ate inte rplay and solid arity b e tw e e n E th iopian and G e rm an A ffairs said . Th e h ig h -le v e l E th iopian d e le g ation is also sch e d u le d to cu ltu re . H e said G e b re K ristos is a pione e r of m od e rn art in E th iopia m e e t b u sine ss re pre se ntativ e s in th e tw o cou ntrie s. (S ta te m ed ia , as w e ll as a m e ntor and an inspiration to g e ne rations of E th iopian N ov . 2 ). artists. Th e site for th e com m e m oration of th e ce nte nnial of th e sig ning of th e E th io-G e rm an F rie nd sh ip Tre aty w ill se rv e as G e b re K ristos D e sta‘s pe rm ane nt e x h ib ition (s ta te m ed ia , D ec . 1 3 ). E d u c a tio n Th e G e rm an e m b assy w ill ce le b rate th e 100th anniv e rsary of E th io- G e rm an re lations on M arch 7 , 2 005 . O n th e anniv e rsary , painting s b y Th e G ov e rnm e nt of E th iopia h as sig ne d tw o loan ag re e m e nts th e fam ou s G e b re K ristos D e sta, w ill b e e x h ib ite d at th e m ain am ou nting to 6 5 m U SD w ith th e W B . A ccord ing to th e ag re e m e nt, cam pu s of A d d is A b ab a U niv e rsity . G e b re K ristos D e sta w as b orn in 4 0m U SD w ill b e u se d to e x pand q u ality , w e ll-m anag e d post H arar, E th iopia, in 19 3 2 and stu d ie d painting in C olog ne , G e rm any , se cond ary e d u cation in E th iopia. Th e b alance w ill b e spe nt on from 19 7 5 to 19 6 2 . H e d ie d in 19 8 1 in L aw ton, U nite d State s. Since financing th e form u lation and im ple m e ntation of policy and 19 8 8 , 3 5 of h is painting s h av e b e e n store d in th e Staatlich e s institu tional re form s in Inform ation and C om m u nications Te ch nolog y M u se u m fü r V ö lk e rk u nd e in M u nich . Th e artist h ad w ish e d th at h is (IC T) (Ra d io E thiopia , J a n . 4 ). G e rm an painting s b e transfe rre d to E th iopia (C a pita l, D ec . 1 2 ). Th e lice nse s of six colle g e s in A m h ara State h av e b e e n re v ok e d fu lly P re sid e nt H orst K ö h le r and h is w ife , E v a L ou ise K ö h le r, on Tu e sd ay or partially d u e to th e poor q u ality of te ch nical and v ocational training , v isite d d iffe re nt institu tions in H are rg e Z one of O rom ia State . K ö h le r th e State Te ch nical and V ocational Training C om m ission annou nce d . d onate d a b u s costing 8 00,000 b irr to th e ag ricu ltu ral and te ch nical Th e com m ission h as cance lle d th e pre -accre d itation and training colle g e fou nd e d b y th e G e rm an ph ilanth ropist and d ire ctor of accre d itation of th e colle g e s ope rating in v ariou s tow ns b e cau se of th e N G O M e nch e n fu r M e nch e n, K arl H e inz B oe h m , on b e h alf of a th e low stand ard of training , th e pu b lic re lations office r of th e G e rm an b ank for th e transportation of colle g e stu d e nts. - K ö h le r and com m ission, Y im am M oh am m e d , told . Th e com m ission h as also h is w ife also v isite d B isid im o tow n. Th e P re sid e nt inspe cte d a g iv e n a final w arning to te n oth e r colle g e s w h ich are offe ring poor h orticu ltu ral farm ru n b y w om e n w h o are org aniz e d into coope rativ e s q u ality training , th e office r said . (Ra d io E thiopia , J a n . 7 ) and th e B isid im o L e prosy H ospital e stab lish e d b y th e G e rm an A d d is A b ab a U niv e rsity (A A U ) w ill ad m it an ad d itional 3 ,6 17 stu d e nts G ov e rnm e nt. Th e G e rm an L e prosy R e lie f A ssociation (G L R A ), in F e b . 2 005 for its g rad u ate prog ram s. Th e u niv e rsity h ad acce pte d e stab lish e d 4 6 y e ars ag o, h as so far cu re d 12 ,000 pe ople su ffe ring 1,6 6 2 stu d e nts in 112 g rad u ate prog ram s in O ct. 2 004 . Th e from le prosy . G L R A is also e ng ag e d in TB pre v e ntion activ itie s. ad d itional intak e of 3 ,6 17 stu d e nts w ill b e acce pte d in th e 12 3 P re sid e nt K ö h le r also v isite d th e H arari P e ople s‘ M u se u m and th e e x isting and 14 ne w g rad u ate prog ram s. Th e prog ram s inclu d e H arar B re w e ry . acce pting stu d e nts u p to P h D on d e m and b asis. Th e pre sid e nt also Su d ane se A m b assad or to E th iopia U sm an A l-Say id F ad e l A l-Sid , ind icate d th at th e e x pansion of th e g rad u ate prog ram of stu d y at th e said b oth E th iopia and Su d an h av e ag re e d to d e m arcate th e ir A A U is inte nd e d to m e e t th e ne e d for h ig h ly traine d profe ssionals in b ord e rs and are aw aiting for inte rnational financial assistance to all pu b lic and priv ate se ctors, w ith particu lar e m ph asis on th e m ak e th e ag re e m e nt practical. A ccord ing to Su d ane se A m b assad or, e d u cation se ctor (E TV , D ec .1 4 ). E th iopia and Su d an e stab lish e d th re e com m itte e s to u nd e rtak e th e Th e M inistry of E d u cation h as said th at stu d e nt e nrolm e nt in task . Since b ord e r m aps pre se nte d b y b oth cou ntrie s are sim ilar, g ov e rnm e nt h ig h e r le arning institu tions w ou ld re ach ov e r 110,000 for th e re w ou ld not b e prob le m s w ith re g ard to b ord e r d e m arcation, h e first d e g re e and 2 5 ,000 for postg rad u ate le v e ls afte r fiv e y e ars. D r. ad d e d . Th e Su d ane se A m b assad or, h ow e v e r, note d th at som e Te sh om e Y iz e ng aw , V ice M iniste r of E d u cation, said th at u niv e rsitie s farm e rs in b ord e r re g ions of b oth cou ntrie s h av e b e e n cre ating w ou ld b e e stab lish e d in N e k e m pte , A sse la, Sod o, D illa, D ire D aw a, prob le m s. Th e F ore ig n M iniste rs of b oth cou ntrie s h av e ask e d th e J ijig a, D e ssie , D e b re M ark os, W old ia, A x u m , M iz an and Se m e ra u ntil inte rnational com m u nity for financial assistance to d e m arcate th e 2 002 E .C . C u rre ntly , ov e r 17 2 ,000 stu d e nts are atte nd ing h ig h e r 1,6 00 k m b ord e r. Th e Su d ane se A m b assad or also d e nie d re ports le arning institu tions (Ra d io E thiopia , D ec . 9 ). th at H u m e ra w as h and e d ov e r to th e Su d an (Reporter, N ov . 1 4 ). A lth ou g h th e E th iopian g ross national e nrollm e nt h as re ach e d 6 4 % in Th e le ad e rs of E th iopia and G e rm any e x pre sse d th e ir re ad ine ss to 2 002 -03 , th e re are still m illions of ch ild re n le ft ou t of sch ool w h e re consolid ate th e ir ce ntu ry -old re lations, and prom ote b ilate ral m ore th an fiv e m illion sch ool ag e d ch ild re n d o not h av e acce ss to coope ration for th e m u tu al b e ne fit of th e ir re spe ctiv e pe ople s. P rim e any sort of e d u cation w ith th e m ajority of th e m b e ing g irls, it w as M iniste r M e le s and C h ance llor G e rh ard Sch rod e r said W e d ne sd ay le arnt. Th e R oy al N e th e rland s E m b assy and Sav e th e C h ild re n th at re lations b e tw e e n th e tw o cou ntrie s w e re on a firm g rou nd . D e nm ark tog e th e r w ith th e E d u cation B u re au of O rom ia N ational B rie fing re porte rs follow ing talk s w ith P rim e M iniste r M e le s Z e naw i, R e g ional State also annou nce d th at th e y h av e d e sig ne d a b asic th e G e rm an C h ance llor said th at E th iopia h as b e e n play ing a le ad ing e d u cation proje ct to b e im ple m e nte d in O rom ia re g ion. Th e C ou ntry role in e nsu ring pe ace and stab ility in th e H orn of A frica w ith e spe cial R e pre se ntativ e of Sav e th e C h ild re n D e nm ark said th at th e proje ct to e m ph asis on Som alia and th e Su d an. Sch rod e r said G e rm any w ou ld b e im ple m e nte d in se v e n d istricts of N orth Sh oa Z one and O rom ia train E th iopian constru ction profe ssionals, and th at th e training re g ion, is a th re e y e ar proje ct (2 005 -2 007 ) th at costs a total of 11.6 m prog ram w ou ld b e g in as soon as possib le . Th e v isit of P rim e M iniste r b irr (The D a ily M on itor, D ec . 1 1 -1 2 ). M e le s to G e rm any w ill fu rth e r consolid ate th e re lations and g iv e an Th e stu d e nts' cou ncil of M e k e le U niv e rsity h as said th at stu d e nts of im pe tu s to th e b ilate ral coope ration b e tw e e n th e tw o cou ntrie s, h e th e u niv e rsity h ad le ft th e cam pu s on N ov . 2 6 afte r A to A b ad i Z e m u , said (S ta te m ed ia , N ov . 1 1 ). d e pu ty ch ie f ad m inistrator of Tig rai State , faile d to com ply w ith A n E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt d e le g ation le d b y P rim e M iniste r M e le s stu d e nts‘ d e m and s to su spe nd u niv e rsity officials su spe cte d of Z e naw i h ad le ft last w e e k on official v isit to C h ina. Th is is th e corru ption. A to A b ad i ask e d th e stu d e nts to re su m e classe s b e fore se cond tim e th e P rim e M iniste r is pay ing an official v isit to C h ina. com ply ing w ith th e stu d e nts‘ d e m and s, th e cou ncil said . Th e cou ncil H e w e nt to C h ina nine y e ars ag o as a re su lt of w h ich C h ina also said A to A b ad i h ad told th e stu d e nts to le av e th e cam pu s if th e y e x te nd e d an inte re st-fre e loan to E th iopia (S ta te m ed ia , O c t. 3 1 ). - d o not re su m e classe s. A to A b ad i Z e m u is also b oard ch airm an of P rim e M inste r M e le s Z e naw i re tu rne d to A d d is A b ab a from h is v isit th e u niv e rsity . A ccord ing to m e m b e rs of th e stu d e nts' cou ncil, th e to C h ina. A ccord ing to an ag re e m e nt re ach e d b e tw e e n th e tw o stu d e nts h ad b oy cotte d classe s afte r 5 00 stu d e nts fe ll ill from food cou ntrie s, 4 0 E th iopians w ou ld pu rsu e th e ir e d u cation in h ig h e r poisoning (A d d is A d m a s , N ov . 2 7 ). e d u cation institu tions in C h ina. C h ina w ill also prov id e a 7 m b irr Stu d e nts of G ond ar U niv e rsity ‘s social scie nce facu lty h av e le ft th e su pport to E th iopia. E th iopia w ill also b e allow e d to e x port ce rtain cam pu s follow ing prote st ag ainst food poisoning and d isru ption of com m od itie s to C h ina fre e of q u ota and tariff (s ta te m ed ia , N ov . 6 ). w ate r su pply . Th e y le ft th e ir cam pu s on N ov . 2 8 . Th e y w e re ord e re d P rim e M iniste r M e le s Z e naw i w ill le ad a h ig h -le v e l d e le g ation to to le av e th e cam pu s afte r a h u ng e r strik e . Sou rce s said police force d G e rm any and A u stria starting N ov . 10. re porte d Th e P rim e M iniste r is th e stu d e nts to le av e th e cam pu s afte r th e y b rok e th e w ind ow s of th e sch e d u le d to h old talk s w ith se nior au th oritie s in th e tw o cou ntrie s on facu lty b u ild ing s (Tom a r, D ec . 1 ).

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H e a lth A to B e re k e t Sim on, M iniste r of Inform ation, said h e is su re th at th e H ou se of P e ople s‘ R e pre se ntativ e s w ou ld e nd orse th e d raft pre ss A t le ast 7 0 b ab ie s are b orn H IV positiv e pe r d ay in E th iopia, a U N law , w h ich , h e said , prote cts pe ople s‘ rig h ts and stand s for law and re port re v e ale d . Th e joint re port said th at E th iopia h ad th e h ig h e st ord e r. A to B e re k e t also said th e re w ou ld not b e any fu rth e r rate of H IV infe cte d ch ild re n in th e w orld , and th at th e nu m b e r is still d iscu ssions on th e d raft law , w h ich , h e said , w ou ld b e se nt to th e g row ing . Th e re port said th at M TC T of H IV /A ID S is b e com ing a C ou ncil of M iniste rs. H e also said th at u nd e rstand ing w as re ach e d se riou s and g row ing prob le m in E th iopia com pare d to oth e r A frican d u ring th e re ce nt d iscu ssions w ith inte rnational pre ss institu tions. cou ntrie s th at h av e a h ig h pre v ale nce rate (D a ily M on itor, D ec . 2 2 ). Th e y h av e acce pte d th e M inistry ‘s id e as, h e ad d e d . Sou rce s h av e , Th e U nite d State s g ov e rnm e nt annou nce d its plan to g iv e fre e h ow e v e r, said th is w as contrad ictory to w h at th e inte rnational pre ss A ntire trov iral tre atm e nt (A R Ts) to 2 10,000 A ID S patie nts in E th iopia institu tions h ad said . A to B e re k e t also said 9 8 % of th e priv ate pre ss ov e r th e ne x t fiv e y e ars follow ing th e prov ision of fre e A R Ts for in E th iopia oppose s th e g ov e rnm e nt, and th at th e pape rs d o not 15 ,000 patie nts in 2 0 h ospitals all ov e r th e cou ntry b y th e e nd of w ant to im prov e th e ir profe ssion (Reporter, O c t. 3 1 ). M arch 2 005 . D r. M ark D y b u l, A ssistant U S G lob al A ID S C oord inator, said th at th e b u d g e t for im ple m e nting th e fig h t ag ainst A ID S in 2 005 is e x pe cte d to e x ce e d 6 0m U SD , follow ing th e 4 3 m U SD th at w as O th e r Issu e s: g iv e n in 2 004 in E th iopia (D a ily M on itor, D ec . 1 0 ). Th e M inistry of h e alth pre se nte d a fiv e -y e ar (2 005 -2 009 ) prog ram to In its 2 005 re port, H u m an R ig h ts W atch (H R W ) said re ce ntly th at acce le rate th e e x pansion of prim ary h e alth care cov e rag e in th e re se ttle m e nt prog ram s in som e are as in E th iopia h ad cre ate d a cou ntry w ith a total inv e stm e nt of 1.6 8 b illion $ . D r K e b e d e Tad e sse , h u m an crisis. Th e g ov e rnm e nt h ad re se ttle d 2 .2 m illion pe ople in M iniste r of H e alth , said th e prog ram w as aim e d at ad d re ssing th e m ore fe rtile re g ions in th e cou nty , H u m an R ig h ts W atch note d . se rv ice cov e rag e prob le m of th e h e alth care sy ste m th rou g h an H ow e v e r, it said , ov e r 3 5 0 th ou sand pe ople are facing w orse acce le rate d e x pansion and stre ng th e ning of prim ary h e alth care cond itions. Th e se re se ttle rs are facing prob le m s of potab le w ate r and se rv ice s. Th e ne w prog ram re q u ire s th e constru ction and e q u ipping food , it note d . Th e re se ttle rs h av e b e e n e x pose d to d ise ase s and of 5 6 3 ne w h e alth ce nte rs and u pg rad ing th e e x isting 2 ,16 7 h e alth h ig h ch ild m ortality rate s b e cau se of sh ortag e of food . Th e re port stations to h e alth ce nte rs. Th e am b itiou s prog ram propose s to h av e also said th at th e g ov e rnm e nt h ad continu e d to d e ny th e b asic rig h ts a total of 3 ,15 3 h e alth ce nte rs e ach of w h ich w ill prov id e se rv ice s to of th e pe ople . E th iopian g ov e rnm e nt se cu rity force s h av e com m itte d 2 5 ,000 pe ople b y 2 009 . Th e re q u ire d nu m b e r of h e alth posts is crim e s th rou g h b ru tal b e ating s, arre sts and k illing s. Th e g ov e rnm e nt 13 ,6 3 5 and e ach w ill prov id e se rv ice s to 5 ,000 pe ople in ru ral are as. h as continu e d re strictions on th e fre e d om of th e pre ss, arre sts of C u rre ntly , th e re are 1,3 8 5 h e alth posts (The Reporter, D ec . 1 ). jou rnalists and im posing h ig h pe naltie s on jou rnalists, th e re port said (Reporter, J a n . 1 9 ). Th e E u rope an C om m ission (E C ) h as lau nch e d th e E u rope an H u m a n R ig h ts Initiativ e for D e m ocracy and H u m an R ig h ts (E ID H R ) in E th iopia., A m b assad or Tim oth y C lark told re ce ntly th at th e initiativ e is aim e d at e nh ancing th e capacity of civ ic socie tie s and ind ig e nou s non- F re e d om of P re ss: g ov e rnm e ntal org aniz ations inv olv e d in h u m an rig h ts and d e m ocracy . H e said th e prog ram , w h ich is th e first of its k ind in R e porte rs W ith ou t B ord e rs cond e m ne d th e continu ing ju d icial E th iopia, w ou ld m ainly focu s on training and capacity b u ild ing in th e h arassm e nt of th e ind e pe nd e nt A m h aric-lang u ag e pu b lication, E thop, m e d ia se ctor, le g al training and capacity b u ild ing in are as of w h ose e d itor, W osse nse g e d G e b re K id an, h as ju st spe nt a w e e k in d e m ocracy and h u m an rig h ts, and su pport e fforts in th e prote ction of prison b e cau se h e w as u nab le to pay th e b ail se t b y th e F e d e ral H ig h m inoritie s. C lark e ad d e d th at E th iopia is one of th e priority cou ntrie s C ou rt in a lib e l action. W osse nse g e d , w h o u se d to b e E thop's in th e m u ltiface te d su pport of th e C om m ission as it is tak ing g ood m anag ing e d itor, w as finally re le ase d afte r th e b ail w as paid w ith th e ste ps in te rm s of scaling u p d e m ocratic cu ltu re and h u m an rig h ts h e lp of th e E th iopian F re e P re ss J ou rnalists' A ssociation (E F J A ) and am ong th e pu b lic (Ra d io E thiopia , N ov . 2 0 ). inte rnational N G O s (J a n . 3 ). Th e e x e cu tiv e com m itte e of th e b anne d E th iopian F re e P re ss J ou rnalists‘ A ssociation (E F P J A ) d isclose d th at it h ad w on th e cou rt 1 case it h ad file d ag ainst th e M inistry of J u stice . A to D e rib e w Waag Communications News Digest Service, Addis Ababa Te m e sg e n, E F J A ‘s law y e r told th at th e cou rt h ad d e cid e d th at th e b an pu t on th e association b e lifte d . Th e M inistry of J u stice h ad b anne d th e association ju st ov e r a y e ar ag o for failing to m e e t le g al re q u ire m e nts. Th e M inistry h as, since th e n, d isclose d th e form ation of a ne w association to re place th e b anne d one le d b y A to K ifle M u lat. A to D e rib e w said th e ne x t task w ou ld b e to tak e th e cou rt‘s d e cision to conce rne d b od ie s to allow th e b anne d association to re su m e its ope ration and to b an th e oth e r one w h ich w ill now b e consid e re d ille g al (V O A , D ec . 2 5 ). - H ow e v e r, E TV h as annou nce d th at th e ru ling passe d b y th e cou rt in w h ich E F J A h ad w on th e cou rt case ag ainst th e M inistry of J u stice h ad b e e n su spe nd e d (V O A , D ec . 2 9 ). Th e C ou ntry R e pre se ntativ e of F rie d rich E b e rt Stiftu ng , M r. H e rm u t H e ss, h as w arne d th at if th e d raft pre ss law is e nd orse d , it w ou ld d e stroy w h at h as so far b e e n accom plish e d w ith re g ard to pre ss fre e d om . P re ss fre e d om in E th iopia is at its initial stag e , h e ad d e d . O n th e oth e r h and , th e g e ne ral m anag e r of th e E th iopian B road casting A g e ncy , Sh im e lis K e m al, h as said th e d raft pre ss law w as ne ce ssary . M r. H e ss also state d th e d raft pre ss law , if e nd orse d in its pre se nt form , w ou ld e nd ang e r pre ss fre e d om . H e arg u e d th at th e re is no u se , for instance , for re g istration in ord e r to e ng ag e in pre ss activ itie s. It w ill b e u se fu l if th e pre ss law is concise and sh ort, h e said . H e ad d e d th at th e g ov e rnm e nt sh ou ld not e nd orse su ch a re strictiv e law (Reporter, N ov . 7 ).

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Der DÄV lädt ein zur Äthiopien- 14.45 Johannes Weitekämper, Brot für die Welt Konferenz am 5. und 6. März 2005 in Projects of Bread for the World in Ethiopia Berlin 15.30 Coffee Break “International Trade and the Protection of Natural Resources in Ethiopia” 15.45 Aregash Asfaw, GTZ: Public Private Partnership projects of the GTZ in Ethiopia im WannseeFORUM - Hohenzollernstr. 14 - 16.30 Kurt Peters, Humboldt University Berlin: 14109 Berlin Scientific Collaboration with Ethiopia FON 030/806 80 0 - FAX 030/806 80 88 - 17.15 Discussion http://www.wannseeforum.de/ 19.00 Ethiopian Dinner

Aus Anlass des 100-jährigen Jubiläums der Aufnahme 20.00 Bossena Negussie: der diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland Music, Ethiopian-Dance-Course, Cultural und Äthiopien und des 10-jährigen Jubiläums des Events "Deutsch-Äthiopischen Vereins e.V." im Jahre 2005 möchten wir einladen zu einer Äthiopien-Konferenz mit 10 äthiopischen und deutschen ReferentInnen aus Politik, Wissenschaft und Praxis. Sunday, 6.3.2005 Wir sehen die aktuelle Notwendigkeit, den Themenkomplex „Internationaler Handel und 9.30 Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher: Ressourcenschutz in Äthiopien“ mit den Gesichtspunkten Ethik, Nachhaltigkeit, Umweltschutz The Impact of Ethiopian Membership at the und soziale Gerechtigkeit sowohl aus deutscher wie WTO on local people auch aus äthiopischer Sicht näher zu beleuchten und möchten die Erfahrungen, Ansätze und Visionen der 10.15 Fekadu Bekele, Economist, Berlin: ReferentInnen dem zweifellos sachkundigen Publikum The Impact of Current Trade Relationships vor- und zur Diskussion stellen. and Strategies for Improvement

11.00 Coffee Break

Saturday, 5.3.2005 11.30 Ernst-Ulrich v. Weizsäcker, MdB, Vors. des Umweltausschusses:

Possibilities and Chances for Enhancing 9.00 H.E. Ato Hiruy Amanuel, Ethiopian Ambassador Sustainability in Berlin: Greetings and Introduction 12.15 Lunch Break 9.15 Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher, EPA: (altern. Nobelpreis–Träger; Leiter des äthiopischen 13.45 Rudolf Buntzel-Cano, eed: Umweltamtes): Discussion with all referee persons: How to Ethiopia, the CBD and the Biosafety Protocol: proceed? It’s impact on small-scale farmers 15.45 Ethiopian Coffee Ceremony and Lecture: 10.00 Christine v. Weizsäcker, Vereinigung Dt. Brigitte Beil - “Maskal oder Das Ende der Wissenschaftler: Regenzeit” A German Ethiopian Lovestory The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Biosafety Protocol: Open End Innovative Cooperation versus Old Conflicts

10.45 Coffee Break An exposition to be shown throughout the conference is planned: 11.15 Hartmut Meyer, GTZ: • Photo-Documentation about Ethiopian native German Policies on Biosafety in Regard to the people African Union • new / special books about Ethiopia 12.00 General Discussion Information: [email protected] 12.45 Lunch Tel. : 030 - 85999717

14.00 Sue Edwards, ISD (Institute for Sustainable und auf unserer Homepage unter: Development, Addis Ababa; NGO): ISD projects on composting, afforestation and http://www.deutsch-aethiopischer- biodiversity conservation verein.de/aethiopien_konferenz_05.htm

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