DOCSLIB.ORG

Flood Generation and Classification of a Semi-Arid Intermittent Flow Watershed: Evrotas River Ourania Tzoraki a , David Cooper B , Thomas Kjeldsen C , Nikolaos P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Flood Generation and Classification of a Semi-Arid Intermittent Flow Watershed: Evrotas River Ourania Tzoraki a , David Cooper B , Thomas Kjeldsen C , Nikolaos P This article was downloaded by: [Cyprus University Of Technology ], [Ourania Tzoraki] On: 21 March 2013, At: 07:28 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of River Basin Management Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/trbm20 Flood generation and classification of a semi-arid intermittent flow watershed: Evrotas river Ourania Tzoraki a , David Cooper b , Thomas Kjeldsen c , Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis d , Christos Gamvroudis e , Jochen Froebrich f , Erik Querner g , Francesc Gallart h & Nikolaos Karalemas i a Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece b Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Bangor, United Kingdom c Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, United Kingdom d Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece e Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece f Centre for Water and Climate (CWK), Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands g Centre for Water and Climate (CWK), Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands h Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain i Faculty of Geology, University of Athens, Greece To cite this article: Ourania Tzoraki , David Cooper , Thomas Kjeldsen , Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis , Christos Gamvroudis , Jochen Froebrich , Erik Querner , Francesc Gallart & Nikolaos Karalemas (2013): Flood generation and classification of a semi-arid intermittent flow watershed: Evrotas river, International Journal of River Basin Management, 11:1, 77-92 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2013.768623 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Intl. J. River Basin Management Vol. 11, No. 1 (March 2013), pp. 77–92 # 2013 International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research Research paper Flood generation and classification of a semi-arid intermittent flow watershed: Evrotas river OURANIA TZORAKI, Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece. Email: [email protected] DAVID COOPER, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Bangor, United Kingdom. THOMAS KJELDSEN, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Wallingford, United Kingdom. NIKOLAOS P. NIKOLAIDIS, Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece. CHRISTOS GAMVROUDIS, Technical University of Crete (TUC), Chania, Greece. JOCHEN FROEBRICH, Centre for Water and Climate (CWK), Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands. ERIK QUERNER, Centre for Water and Climate (CWK), Alterra, Wageningen, The Netherlands. FRANCESC GALLART, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain. NIKOLAOS KARALEMAS, Faculty of Geology, University of Athens, Greece. ABSTRACT Hourly water level measurements were used to investigate the flood characteristics of a semi-arid river in Greece, the Evrotas. Flood events are analysed with respect to flood magnitude and occurrence and the performance of Curve Number approach over a period of 2007–2011. A distributed model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, is used to simulate the historic floods (1970–2010) from the available rainfall data, and the performance of the model assessed. A new flood classification method was suggested the Peaks-Duration Over Threshold method that defines three flood types: ‘usual’, ‘ecologi- cal’ and ‘hazardous’. We classify the basin according to the flood type for the most serious past simulated flood events. The proportion of hazardous floods in the main stream is estimated to be 5–7% with a lower figure in tributaries. Flood Status Frequency Graphs and radar plots are used to show the seasonality of simulated floods. In the Evrotas, the seasonality pattern of hazardous flood is in agreement with other studies in Greece and differs from other major European floods. The classification in terms of flood types in combination with flood type seasonality is identified as an important tool in flood management and restoration. Keywords: Temporary streams; floods; river basin; SWAT model; flood seasonality; flood type; Greece Downloaded by [Cyprus University Of Technology ], [Ourania Tzoraki] at 07:28 21 March 2013 1 Introduction Lanen et al. 2007). In an area where water limitation is a major concern, a priority for river basin managers is to estimate and Many catastrophic flood events causing serious damage and improve the retention of rainwater in the catchment while also threatening human life are recorded each year in the Mediterra- controlling the effect of floods. This requires improved under- nean area. In the future under projected climate change, an standing of the flood generating processes for the successful increase in flood frequency and magnitude is expected (Van design of the flood relief and related schemes. Catchment Received 2 October 2012. Accepted 17 January 2013. ISSN 1571-5124 print/ISSN 1814-2060 online http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2013.768623 http://www.tandfonline.com 77 78 Ourania Tzoraki et al. characteristics including topography (elevation, area, slope, and the CN method captures poorly the temporal runoff dynamic drainage density), spatial variation of soil types, geological of monsoonal climates and areas dominated by complex hydro- substrate, and vegetation density all play a role in determining geology (White et al. 2011). Also in karstic basins, floods are catchment hydrology in semi-arid catchments (Belmonte and initiated only if a rainfall threshold is exceeded (Kourgialas Beltra´n 2001, Marchi et al. 2010), and the magnitude and et al. 2010), supporting the assumption that the local geology occurrence of floods. is a key factor in flood generation process. The authors identified In Mediterranean rivers, the hydrological regime is character- three flash flood classes depending on antecedent soil moisture ized by flash floods (Vivoni et al. 2006), fluctuations in conditions (Kourgialas et al. 2010). A modified CN equation floodplain inundation (Tockner et al. 2000), spring baseflow in the SWAT model gave satisfactory streamflow predictions of (Rimmer and Salingar 2006) and periods where there is no Ethiopian and Catskill Mountains river basins (White et al. flow (Nikolopoulos and Anagnostou 2011). The behaviour of 2011). Physical properties of the soil are affected by rainfall such rivers is difficult to study and predict (Gallart et al. 2008, events enhancing runoff velocity, transport capacity and redu- Kirkby et al. 2011) due to limited flow data, difficulties in instru- cing the lag time of a flash flood event (Fohrer et al. 1999, Kour- ment installation and operation in such environments (Tzoraki gialas et al. 2011). et al. 2007, Kourgialas et al. 2010, Moraetis et al. 2010), and We analyse flood events with respect to flood magnitude and insufficient precipitation measurement in an area where rainfall occurrence and the performance of CN approach to flood simu- is highly variable in time and space. Post-event analysis of 25 lation in the Evrotas catchment, Greece using high frequency example floods (Marchi et al. 2010), strengthened the belief available flow data of the period 2007–2011. The SWAT distrib- that available methodologies for flood prediction are highly uted rainfall–runoff model is calibrated and validated on data uncertain and new approaches should be developed for flood over the period 2000–2011. The model is then used with precipi- analysis. Flood events in perennial rivers have been studied by tation data from 1970 to 2000 to generate a historic flow record Gaume et al. (2009) with a view to creating an atlas of over this period. We delineate homogenous regions according extreme flash floods across Europe. They observed a strong to flood classes for the most serious past simulated flood seasonality to flood occurrence, revealing different forcing events, identifying the areas of high flood risk. Finally, we mechanisms in each region. assign flood classes frequency and location of occurrence. The estimation of flood distribution characteristics is ideally based on a long-term flow record. However, such a record is 1.1 Catchment characteristics often not available; in which case flood estimates can be derived using a model based on precipitation records as drivers Our study catchment, the Evrotas, like many rivers in the Med- and catchment characteristics as response moderators. The use iterranean region, is a temporary river with intermittent flow in of such a model introduces additional uncertainty into flood the main stream and many tributaries. The basin (Figure 1) is characterization because of uncertainty in the drivers and mod- located in the south-eastern Peloponnese (Greece) covering erators themselves, and in the relationship
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 25 11.4 1.6 David Lubin Memorial Library
    COPY FROM MICROFICHE RECORD OF DOCUMENTARY UNIT NO. : COPIE OE LA MICROriCHE DE L'UNITE DOCUMENTAIRE NO. : 3tn COPIA Did LA MICROFICHA DE LA UNITAO DOCUMENTAL NO. : — |'-8 • ' mmsÊBuJ x / ,25 11.4 1.6 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE ORGANIZACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA AGRICULTURA Y LA ALIMENTACIÓN DAVID LUBIN MEMORIAL LIBRARY F AO • VU ¿ella Terme di'Caraealla - 00100 ROME. Italy We regret that„some of thé pages in the microfiche copy of this.report may not be up to the proper^'. ' legibility standards,even though the best possible-.: copy was used for preparing the master fiche. - r ¿6 frtkïL F AO- r AG:DP/GRE/77/023 ) l/\ j, )>>-/ Technical Report, Vol. I I v WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOLAI AREA GREECE TECHNICAL REPORT Volume I: TEXT ftgfiß UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROME, 1081 0 FAO - AGiDP/GRE/77/023 Technical Report WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN THE MOLAI AREA GREECE TECHNICAL REPORT VOLUME I! TEXT Report prepared for the Government of Greece by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations acting as executing agency for the United Nations Development Programme UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1981 Iii FAO. Water Resources Development in the Molai Area, Greece. Rome, 198T! 3 volb., 56 lip.iire«, ?¿ mnps. AG:DP/GRK/77/023, Technical Report. A BrTRACT The report describes the work carried out by the Government of Greece, with the assistance of I'KDP and FAO, to assess the availability of ground­ water Cor the irrigation of up to 6 000 ha tin the Molai plain, Lakónia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
    Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia.
    [Show full text]
  • KARYES Lakonia
    KARYES Lakonia The Caryatides Monument full of snow News Bulletin Number 20 Spring 2019 KARYATES ASSOCIATION: THE ANNUAL “PITA” DANCE THE BULLETIN’S SPECIAL FEATURES The 2019 Association’s Annual Dance was successfully organized. One more time many compartiots not only from Athens, but also from other CONTINUE cities and towns of Greece gathered together. On Sunday February 10th Karyates enjoyed a tasteful meal and danced at the “CAPETANIOS” hall. Following the positive response that our The Sparta mayor mr Evagellos first special publication of the history of Valliotis was also present and Education in Karyes had in our previous he addressed to the Karyates issue, this issue continues the series of congratulating the Association tributes to the history of our country. for its efforts. On the occasion of the Greek National After that, the president of the Independence Day on March 25th, we Association mr Michael publish a new tribute to the Repoulis welcome all the participation of Arachovitians/Karyates compatriots and present a brief in the struggle of the Greek Nation to report for the year 2018 and win its freedom from the Ottoman the new year’s action plan. slavery. The board members of the Karyates Association Mr. Valliotis, Sparta Mayor At the same time, with the help of Mr. The Vice President of the Association Ms Annita Gleka-Prekezes presented her new book “20th Century Stories, Traditions, Narratives from the Theodoros Mentis, we publish a second villages of Northern Lacedaemon” mentioning that all the revenues from its sells will contribute for the Association’s actions. special reference to the Karyes Dance Group.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Peloponnese Free
    FREE SOUTHERN PELOPONNESE PDF Michael Cullen | 136 pages | 15 Mar 2015 | Sunflower Books | 9781856914512 | English | London, United Kingdom What to see in southern Peloponnese? - Peloponnese Forum - Tripadvisor It is connected to the central part of the country by the Isthmus of Corinth land bridge which separates the Gulf of Corinth from the Saronic Gulf. The peninsula is divided among three administrative regions : most belongs to the Peloponnese region, with smaller parts belonging to the West Greece and Attica regions. The Peloponnese is a peninsula that covers an area of some 21, It is connected to the mainland by the Isthmus of CorinthSouthern Peloponnese the Corinth Canal was constructed in However, it is also connected to the mainland by several bridges across the canal, including two submersible bridges at the north and the south Southern Peloponnese. Near the northern tip of the peninsula, there is another bridge, the Rio—Antirrio bridge completed Indeed, the Southern Peloponnese is rarely, if ever, referred to as an island. The peninsula has a mountainous interior and deeply indented coasts. The Peloponnese possesses four south-pointing peninsulas, the Messenianthe Manithe Cape Malea also known as Epidaurus Limeraand the Southern Peloponnese in the far northeast of the Peloponnese. The entire peninsula is earthquake prone and has been the site of many earthquakes in the past. Extensive lowlands are found only in the west, except for the Evrotas valley in the south and the Argolid in the northeast. Southern Peloponnese Peloponnese is home to numerous spectacular beaches, which are a major tourist draw. Two groups of islands lie off the Peloponnesian coast: the Argo-Saronic Islands to the east, and the Ionian to the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Spartan Suspicions and the Massacre, Again1 Sospechas Espartanas Y La Masacre, De Nuevo
    Spartan Suspicions and the Massacre, Again1 Sospechas espartanas y la masacre, de nuevo Annalisa Paradiso2 Università della Basilicata (Italia) Recibido: 27-02-17 Aprobado: 28-03-17 Abstract While narrating Brasidas’ expedition to Thrace and the Spartans’ decision to send 700 helots to accompany him as hoplites, Thucydides refers to another episode of helots’ enfranchisement, followed however by their massacre. The association of the timing of the two policies is indeed suspect, whereas it is possible that in the second case the slaughter may have been carried out in different chasms in Laconia, rather than in the so-called Kaiadas, after dividing the helots into groups. Key-words: Thucydides, Sparta, Massacre, Kaiadas. Resumen Mientras narra la expedición de Brásidas a Tracia y la decisión de los espartanos de enviarle 700 ilotas que le acompañaran como hoplitas, Tucídides refiere otro episodio de manumisión de ilotas, seguido empero de su masacre. La coincidencia de ambas medidas políticas es en efecto sospechosa, si tenemos en cuenta que en el segundo caso la matanza puede haberse llevado a cabo en desfiladeros diferentes de Laconia, y no en el llamado Kaiadas, tras dividir a los ilotas en grupos. Palabras-clave: Tucídides, Esparta, masacre, Kaiadas. 1 This article has been improved through information and comments supplied by Yanis Pikoulas, Dimitris Roubis, and James Roy. I am grateful to them and to Maria Serena Patriziano, physical anthropologist, who provided the volumetric calculations. 2 ([email protected]) She is Lecturer of Greek History at the Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage of the University of Basilicata (Matera, Italy).
    [Show full text]
  • "On the Relations of Canaanite Exploration to Pre-Historic Classic
    176 ON THE RELATIONS OF CANAANITE EXPLORATION These inecriptions, and the bas-reliefs on the monument called Kamna Hurmill, in Crelo-Syria, near the source of the Orontes, and possibly of the same pe1·iod, are an enigma, as yet, to the most learned Orientaliots. It is to be hoped, however, now that attention is again called to the subject, that the clue may be found that shall unlock their meaning, and that Northern 8yI"ia will be no longer overlooked by tho explorer. DISCOVERY AT THE l\IOSQUE EL AKS.A, JERUSALEM.-llo A DISCOVERY of considerable interest has been made in this :Mosque by the Rev. J. Neil, who has only recently gone to Jerusalem for the Society for the Conversion of the Jews. "In the Mosque of El Aksa," he writes, "you will remember that there is a long plain room opening out at the south-east angle, called the Mosque of Omar, in which the only object of interest whatever is a recess supported by two twisted pillars, and called the Mihrab, or Praying-place of Omar. You may, perhaps, remember that the pillars on each side of this recess, of Solomonic twisted pattern and polished marble, appear to have been turned upside down, and to have their capitals of greyish stone in broken leaf-like patterns below. On vi~iting this the day before yesterday, July 5th, I discovered that a great part of the yellowish plaster had been removed from the top of these pillars, and that rich grotesquely carved capitals were exposed to view in an admirable state of preserva­ tion.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Study #5: the Myrtoon Sea/ Peloponnese - Crete
    Addressing MSP Implementation in Case Study Areas Case Study #5: The Myrtoon Sea/ Peloponnese - Crete Passage Deliverable C.1.3.8. Co-funded by the1 European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union. Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work described in this report was supported by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund of the European Union- through the Grant Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/01/S12.742087 - SUPREME, corresponding to the Call for proposal EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3 for Projects on Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP). DISCLAIMERS This document reflects only the authors’ views and not those of the European Union. This work may rely on data from sources external to the SUPREME project Consortium. Members of the Consortium do not accept liability for loss or damage suffered by any third party as a result of errors or inaccuracies in such data. The user thereof uses the information at its sole risk and neither the European Union nor any member of the SUPREME Consortium, are liable for any use that may be made of the information The designations employed and the presentation of material in the present document do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of UN Environment/MAP Barcelona Convention Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, area, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown on maps included in the present document are not warranted to be error free nor do they imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN Environment/ MAP Barcelona Convention Secretariat.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Meskanen Eeva Leena Helena 0740810 Ethesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Questioning militarism in Spartan religion analysis of dedications from four Spartan sanctuaries Meskanen, Helena Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 06. Oct. 2021 Questioning Militarism in Spartan Religion: Analysis of Dedications from Four Spartan Sanctuaries Eeva Leena Helena Meskanen For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy King’s College London 2019 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Diplopoda) of Twelve Caves in Western Mecsek, Southwest Hungary
    Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 2013, 44(2): 99–106 Millipedes (Diplopoda) of twelve caves in Western Mecsek, Southwest Hungary D. ANGYAL & Z. KORSÓS Dorottya Angyal and Dr. Zoltán Korsós, Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1088 Budapest, Baross u. 13., E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Twelve caves of Western Mecsek, Southwest Hungary were examined between September 2010 and April 2013 from the millipede (Diplopoda) faunistical point of view. Ten species were found in eight caves, which consisted eutroglophile and troglobiont elements as well. The cave with the most diverse fauna was the Törökpince Sinkhole, while the two previously also investigated caves, the Abaligeti Cave and the Mánfai-kőlyuk Cave provided less species, which could be related to their advanced touristic and industrial utilization. Keywords. Diplopoda, Mecsek Mts., caves, faunistics INTRODUCTION proved to be rather widespread in the karstic regions of the former Yugoslavia (Mršić 1998, lthough more than 220 caves are known 1994, Ćurčić & Makarov 1998), the species was A from the Mecsek Mts., our knowledge on the not yet found in other Hungarian caves. invertebrate fauna of the caves in the region is rather poor. Only two caves, the Abaligeti Cave All the six millipede species of the Mánfai- and the Mánfai-kőlyuk Cave have previously been kőlyuk Cave (Polyxenus lagurus (Linnaeus, examined in speleozoological studies which in- 1758), Glomeris hexasticha Brandt, 1833, Hap- cludeed the investigation of the diplopod fauna as loporatia sp., Polydesmus collaris C. L. Koch, well (Bokor 1924, Verhoeff 1928, Gebhardt 1847, Ommatoiulus sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Leptoiulus sp.) were found in the entrance 1933a, 1933b, 1934, 1963, 1966, Farkas 1957).
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan LINDA JANE PIPER 1967
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-15,122 PIPER, Linda Jane, 1935- A HISTORY OF SPARTA: 323-146 B.C. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1966 History, ancient University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan LINDA JANE PIPER 1967 All Rights Reserved A HISTORY OF SPARTA: 323-1^6 B.C. DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Linda Jane Piper, A.B., M.A. The Ohio State University 1966 Approved by Adviser Department of History PREFACE The history of Sparta from the death of Alexander in 323 B.C; to the destruction of Corinth in 1^6 B.C. is the history of social revolution and Sparta's second rise to military promi­ nence in the Peloponnesus; the history of kings and tyrants; the history of Sparta's struggle to remain autonomous in a period of amalgamation. It is also a period in Sparta's history too often neglected by historians both past and present. There is no monograph directly concerned with Hellenistic Sparta. For the most part, this period is briefly and only inci­ dentally covered in works dealing either with the whole history of ancient Sparta, or simply as a part of Hellenic or Hellenistic 1 2 history in toto. Both Pierre Roussel and Eug&ne Cavaignac, in their respective surveys of Spartan history, have written clear and concise chapters on the Hellenistic period. Because of the scope of their subject, however, they were forced to limit them­ selves to only the most important events and people of this time, and great gaps are left in between.
    [Show full text]
  • Nikos Skoulikidis.Pdf
    The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 59 Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy Nikos Skoulikidis Elias Dimitriou Ioannis Karaouzas Editors The Rivers of Greece Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Founded by Otto Hutzinger Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ • Andrey G. Kostianoy Volume 59 Advisory Board: Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu, Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton, Donald L. Sparks More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/698 The Rivers of Greece Evolution, Current Status and Perspectives Volume Editors: Nikos Skoulikidis Á Elias Dimitriou Á Ioannis Karaouzas With contributions by F. Botsou Á N. Chrysoula Á E. Dimitriou Á A.N. Economou Á D. Hela Á N. Kamidis Á I. Karaouzas Á A. Koltsakidou Á I. Konstantinou Á P. Koundouri Á D. Lambropoulou Á L. Maria Á I.D. Mariolakos Á A. Mentzafou Á A. Papadopoulos Á D. Reppas Á M. Scoullos Á V. Skianis Á N. Skoulikidis Á M. Styllas Á G. Sylaios Á C. Theodoropoulos Á L. Vardakas Á S. Zogaris Editors Nikos Skoulikidis Elias Dimitriou Institute of Marine Biological Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece Anavissos, Greece Ioannis Karaouzas Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Anavissos, Greece ISSN 1867-979X ISSN 1616-864X (electronic) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ISBN 978-3-662-55367-1 ISBN 978-3-662-55369-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55369-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017954950 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2018 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Flow Characterization Temporary Streams Vormen Het Hart Van De Wageningen Aanpak
    Alterra is onderdeel van de internationale kennisorganisatie Wageningen UR (University & Research centre). De missie is ‘To explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life’. Binnen Wageningen UR bundelen negen gespecialiseerde en meer toegepaste onderzoeksinstituten, Wageningen University en hogeschool Van Hall Larenstein hun krachten om bij te dragen aan de oplossing van belangrijke vragen in het domein van gezonde voeding en leefomgeving. Met ongeveer 40 vestigingen (in Nederland, Brazilië en China), 6.500 medewerkers en 10.000 studenten behoort Wageningen UR wereldwijd tot de vooraanstaande kennisinstellingen binnen haar domein. De integrale benadering van de vraagstukken en de samenwerking tussen natuurwetenschappelijke, technologische en maatschappijwetenschappelijke disciplines Flow characterization temporary streams vormen het hart van de Wageningen Aanpak. Alterra Wageningen UR is hèt kennisinstituut voor de groene leefomgeving en bundelt een grote hoeveelheid expertise op Using the model SIMGRO for the Evrotas basin, Greece het gebied van de groene ruimte en het duurzaam maatschappelijk gebruik ervan: kennis van water, natuur, bos, milieu, bodem, landschap, klimaat, landgebruik, recreatie etc. Alterra-rapport 2126 ISSN 1566-7197 M.G.M. Vernooij, E.P. Querner, C. Jacobs and J. Froebrich Flow characterization temporary streams The study has been carried out with support from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. This research was also supported by the MIRAGE project, EC Priority Area 'Environment (including Climate Change)', contract number 211732. Project code [5235309-01] Flow characterization temporary streams Using the model SIMGRO for the Evrotas basin, Greece M.G.M. Vernooij, E.P. Querner, C. Jacobs en J. Froebrich Alterra report 2126 Alterra, part of Wageningen UR Wageningen, 2011 Abstract Vernooij, M.G.M., E.P.
    [Show full text]