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Diversity Indices and Distribution of Brachyuran Crabs Found in the Lagoon Waters of Sonmiani, Balochistan

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Diversity Indices and Distribution of Brachyuran Crabs Found in the Lagoon Waters of Sonmiani, Balochistan Indian Journal of Geo Marine Science Vol. 47 (03), March 2018, pp. 712-720 Diversity indices and distribution of brachyuran crabs found in the lagoon waters of Sonmiani, Balochistan Noor Us Saher*1, Nayab Kanwal1, Muhammad Asif Gondal2 Zunaira Amanat1 & Naureen Aziz Qureshi3 1Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Pakistan 2Department of Biosciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyPark Road Islamabad, Pakistan 3Department of Wild life and Fisheries, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan *[E.Mail: [email protected]] Received 05 April 2016 ; revised 17 November 2016 A total of 8 species of Brachyuran crabs was recorded,crabs belong to the family Portunidae were dominant and represented by 6 species. Portunus pelagicus and Portunus sanguinolentus were found throughout the years.Various ecological indices were calculated through the obtained data. The diversity ranged from 0.63 - 1.64, the richness varied from 0.84-1.76, the evenness ranged from 0.1- 0.35, the index of dominance varied from 0.36 - 0.73. Maximum diversity was recorded during Pre monsoon (yr. 2005-06). The ecological indices were positively correlated with environmental parameters. [Keywords: Brachyran crabs, Portunidae, biodiversity, abundance and seasonality, Sonmiani Lagoon.] Introduction Species composition is fundamental key to Habitat complexity is the main factor that understand the actual number of species present in controls the brachyuran population quantitatively the community1. Studies on the diversity of local and qualitatively6. Change in climate is also an fauna are vast significance as carry the different important aspect to determine the past and future ecological processes and problems faced by distribution of crab biodiversity 7. This suggests ecosystem. These studies become effective to that diversity is dependent on environmental formulate strategies for the protection and characteristics and consequently is affected by preservation of diversity of faunal community and biological and ecological processes8,9. The marine environment2.Crabs belong to infra order crustaceans quickly and strongly response to their Brachyura, the highly diverse group of decapoda living environment, therefore, the physio-chemical and consist of approximately 700 genera with parameters such as salinity, temperature, PH, and about 5,000 to 10,000 species worldwide 3-5. dissolved oxygen of coastal areas are vital Because of their diverse habitat and enormous environmental factors, as directly affects the abundance and distribution crab’s considered as an abundance, diversity, metabolism, hormones, important group in term of biomass and growth, moulting and survival of crustaceans 7. community structure 4. SAHER et al.: DIVERSITY INDICES AND DISTRIBUTION OF BRACHYURAN CRABS 713 The diversity of a particular group may be affected to unfavorable weather condition. Physical by the distribution of other organisms, as parameters such as Salinity, pH, atmospheric and populations are composed of temporary, water temperature were also noted in each month. permanent and transitory residents 10. Seasonal In laboratory sample crabs were identified (up to movements of commercially and economically species level) with the help of available taxonomic species of different swimming crabs have been identification key 24. Initially wet weight of each studied by various authors11. These seasonal individual was noted and different parameters movements of brachyuran crabs are mainly were measured e.g. carapace length, carapace associated to diverse life stages such as mating, width and Chela length for data analysis. To spawning, maturation, etc. 6, 12. observe the seasonal variations the monthly data were divided into four seasons25. Where the March The loss in biodiversity caused by the to May as Pre-monsoon, June to August as human activities, dispersion of exotic species and Southwest monsoon, September to November as global warming13. That’s why in recent years, Post-monsoon and December to February as biodiversity has become a high concern on the Northeast-monsoon period. Seasonal abundance of international agenda 13, 14. In Sonmiani bay area crab species was also plotted. The Shanon-Wiever numerous fishery investigator reported diversity species diversity index (H'), was determined using and distribution of different marine organisms15-20. the following formula: In the present work crab community composition and distribution were studied to determine the H= -∑(1-i) (Pi) (log2Pi) crab’s species assemblage in Sonmiani lagoon’s waters. The stated information will describe the Where, H′ = Shannon-Wiever index, pi = the crab’s diversity and local shellfish assemblage of proportion of the total count arising from the ith the studied area. species. Materials and Methods Pielou’s evenness (J') was calculated by using the following formula: The Sonmiani Bay or MianiHor is a lagoon (Figure 1), which is about 60km long and J= H/Hmax 7km wide convoluted and contorted water body, which is situated on the eastern part of Baluchistan Where, Hmax= Maximum number of species and is coast and about 90km away from Karachi20, 21. Run equal to log 2 S off of fresh water from Porali and Windor rivers and mangrove diversity plays an important role in Margalef’s Index for species richness was the productivity of Miani lagoon20,22&23. The calculated by using the method Margalef’s Index 26 sampling stations were located in between latitude of richness (Dmg) . 25. 27’ 43” N and 25.27’ 54” N and longitude 66. 33’ 75” E and 66.33’ 78” E. Dmg= (S-1) / log N Monthly faunal samples were collected during Where, S = total number of species, N = total flood tide from a fishing boat through number of individuals observed. experimental designed gill net from May 2005 to 27 April 2006. A Sample collected in each haul was Simpson’s . index of dominance was calculated immediately sorted (fish, crabs and shrimp by the following formula. species) and weighted then placed separately in a polythene bag and iced for later transfer to the D=∑(Pi)² laboratory for further analyses of samples. The fauna could not collect in April and June 2006 due Where, D = Index of Dominance. 714 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 47, NO. 03, MARCH 2018 Figure 1. A Coastline map showing Sonmiani bay (MianiHor/lagoon). Statistical analysis was performed recorded in Pre monsoon (yr.o6-07) (Figure 2). using the Minitab software (Version 13.1). In Salinity showed variation ranged between 33- order to ascertain whether the diversity indices 43 ‰. Minimum (33 ‰) salinity was observed exhibited seasonal cues, the data sets were during the SW monsoon (yr.05) and maximum analyzed for percent abundance, diversity (H'), (41.3‰) during post monsoon (yr 06) (Figure equatibility (J'), species richness and index of 3). Surface water’s pH remains slightly acidic dominance through one way ANOVA analysis. to alkaline throughout the study period and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was made varied from 6.8-8.5, and was observed in the statistical interpretation of the Physio- minimum6.8 pH in SW monsoon (yr 06) and chemical parameters of water and crabs’s maximum 8.5 was in the Post monsoon (yr 05). diversity indices. The abundance of Brachyuran crabs was Results recorded from May 2005 to April 2007 along the Sonmiani lagoon water Baluchistan coast. In the present study monthly and Distribution and abundance of brachyuran seasonal variations in temperature were crabs showed fluctuation among seasons and observed during the May 2005 to April 2007. years (Figure 4). A total of 1370 individuals The atmospheric temperature varied from was identified comprising 2 families 22.5ºC to 32.8ºC respectively, whereas (Matutidea and Portunidae). The eight crab minimum (22.5ºC) during the NE monsoon species pertaining to five genera were (yr.06-07) maximum (32.8 ºC) during Pre identified, the six (6) species belonged to monsoon (yr.06-07). While the water family Portunidae and only 2 species represent temperature varied from 19.6ºC to 33.6ºC family Matutidae (Figure 4). Portunidae is an respectively, whereas minimum 19.6ºC water ecologically and commercially important group temperature was recorded during the NE of brachyura, used as seafood and occurred monsoon (yr.05-06) and maximum 33.6 ºC was with high diversity and abundance. SAHER et al.: DIVERSITY INDICES AND DISTRIBUTION OF BRACHYURAN CRABS 715 40 35 30 25 20 15 Air temp OC 10 5 Water temp 0 Figure 2. The mean Air & Water temperature variations in different seasons during the years 2005-2007. Table 1. Summary of descriptive statistics for metric variables measured in crab species collected during May 2005 to April 2007. Variables Species Female Male N Mean ± SD(Range) N Mean ± SD(Range) Weight (gm) P. pelagicus 85 85.63±62.85(7.6-318.0) 85 77.45±68.28(3.5-316.0) P. sanguienolentus 27 51.7±56.7(6.4-275) 61 32.75±33.19(2.0-200.4) C. feriata 5 20.32±13.23(6.8-39.0) 6 42.0±41.4(5.0-96.0) C. callianassa 3 5.21±2.73(2.5-6.9) 5 20.28±15.63(3.75-45.2) C. cruciata 2 29.4±14.3(19.3-39.6) 3 18.13± 5.66(13.4-24.4) M. planipus 112 9.12±4.81(2.17-24.48) 459 35.1±385.5(1.4-8018.0) A. lunaris 140 12.69±1.98(2.71-39.90) 380 18.96±60.91(0.69-1190.0) Carapace Length P. pelagicus 85 5.10±1.26(2.5-8.1) 85 4.824±1.732(1.8-13.5) (cm) P. sanguienolentus 27 4.0 ± 1.3 (2.2-8.8) 61 4.1±3.7(1.7-31.0) C. feriata 5 10.9 ±17.2 (2.6-42.0) 6 4.3 ±1.1 (3.1-5.4) C. callianassa 3 2.57± 0.2 (2.4-2.7) 5 3.2 ± 0.9 (1.9-3.9) M.
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